VEHICLE DESIGN

&
CAD
Işık University - AUE 421

Week #6

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Today ?

Chassis Systems in General

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Tires

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 Cross Section of a Tire

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Designations

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Designations

Tire Type
P: Passenger Car
ST: Special Trailer
T: Temporary
LT: Light Truck

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Designations

Tire Section Height

Aspect Ratio =
Tire Width

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Designations

Tire Construction Type

R: Radial
B: Bias Ply
D: Diagonal

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Designations

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Designations

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Tire Contact Patch

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Spring Structure of a Tire

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Damping Structure of a Tire

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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Vehicle Brake Systems

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Brake System Actuation via Driver

ATZ
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Brake System Principle

ATZ

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Disc Brake System - Main Parts

ATZ
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Drum Brake System - Main Parts

ATZ
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Pneumatic Brake System for Heavy Commercial
Vehicles

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Vehicle Suspension Systems

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 Road Vehicle Suspension Mechanisms
• The suspension is what links the wheels to the vehicle body and
allows relative motion.

• There are two general types of suspensions: dependent, in which the left
and right wheels on an axle are rigidly connected, and independent, in
which the left and right wheels are disconnected. Solid axle is the most
common dependent suspension, while McPherson and double A-arm are
the most common independent suspensions.

• Sprung mass refers to all masses that are supported by the spring, such as
vehicle body. Unsprung mass refers to all masses that are attached to and
not supported by the spring, such as wheel, axle, or brakes.

• Wheels should be able to propel, steer, and stop the vehicle. So, the
suspension system must transmit the driving traction and deceleration
braking forces between the vehicle body and the ground. The suspension
members must also resist lateral forces acting on the vehicle.
Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.
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 Wheel-Body Relative Kinematics
"Steering Axis Position"
King-Pin
Caster Angle
Inclination
or lean angle

Scrub Mechanical
radius trail

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Sprung and Unsprung Mass
In a vehicle with a suspension, such as an automobile, sprung
mass is the portion of the vehicle's total mass that is supported
above the suspension, including in most applications approximately
half of the weight of the suspension itself.
The sprung mass typically includes the body, frame, the internal
components, passengers, and cargo, but does not include the
mass of the components suspended below the suspension
components (including the wheels, wheel bearings, brake rotors,
calipers, which are part of the vehicle's unsprung weight.

Reference : www.wikipedia.org/
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Vehicle Steering Systems

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 Trapezoidal Steering Mechanism

Important Parameters:

β and d

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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 Rack and Pinion Steering System
(Passenger Cars)

Top view

(Tie rod)

Reference : Jazar, R.N., Vehicle Dynamics, Springer, 2008.

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