• Correct Operation of Digital Sensors • Diagnosis of Typical Sensor in a Circuit
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Global Service Learning & Performance Division Correct Operation of Analog Sensors
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Internal Components of an Analog Sensor
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Correct Operation of Digital Sensors
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Internal Components of a Digital Sensor
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Diagnosing Pressure and Temperature Sensors
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Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors
• Active and/or logged faults
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Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors
• Active and/or logged faults
• Action lamp or other alert indicators on
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Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors
• Active and/or logged faults
• Action lamp or other alert indicators on • Other performance indicators (cranks but will not start, low power, etc.)
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Inspect Electrical Connectors and Wiring
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Determine What Condition is Present
• Monitor Active Diagnostic Codes
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Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes
• Always start at suspect sensor
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Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes
• Always start at suspect sensor
• If the code indicates a “voltage high”, or open, short the signal circuit to ground
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Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes
• Always start at suspect sensor
• If the code indicates a “voltage high”, or open, check supply voltage, then short the signal circuit to ground • If the code indicates a “voltage low”, or short, check supply voltage, then open the signal circuit
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Diagnosing “Voltage Low” or Short
• Check for power; If OK then
• Disconnect suspect sensor • Check for an active “voltage high” (open) diagnostic code. Allow 15 seconds for any codes to activate.
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Results
• OK – A “voltage low” code was active before
disconnecting the sensor. A “voltage high” code became active after disconnecting the sensor.
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Results
• OK – A “voltage low” code was active before
disconnecting the sensor. A “voltage high” code became active after disconnecting the sensor. • Repair: Temporarily connect a new sensor. Check for active diagnostic codes. If the new sensor fixes the problem, reconnect the suspect sensor. If the problem returns, permanently install the new sensor. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.
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Results
• Not OK – There is a short in the
harness between the sensor and the ECM or the ECM is faulty.
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Results
• Not OK – There is a short between the
sensor and the ECM or the ECM is faulty. • Repair: Leave the suspect sensor disconnected
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Results
• Not OK – There is a short between the
sensor and the ECM or the ECM is faulty. • Repair: Leave the suspect sensor disconnected • Create an open circuit at the ECM
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Create an Open Circuit at the ECM
• Remove signal wire of the suspect sensor from the
ECM • Check for active diagnostic codes
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Results
• OK – A “voltage high” code (open circuit) became
active after disconnecting the signal wire. • There is a short in the wiring between the ECM and the sensor • Repair: Inspect the wiring between the ECM and the sensor. Repair or replace the faulty harness. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem
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Results
• Not OK – There is still a “voltage low”
diagnostic code (short)
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Results
• Not OK – There is still a “voltage low” diagnostic code
(short) • Repair: Connect a test ECM. If the test ECM fixes the problem, reconnect the suspect ECM. If the problem returns, permanently install the new ECM. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.
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Diagnosing “Voltage High” or Open
• Check for power; If OK then
• Disconnect suspect sensor • Create a short circuit at the harness side of the sensor
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Create a Short Circuit at the Sensor
• Monitor active diagnostic code screen
• Install a jumper wire between terminal “C” (signal) and terminal “B” (sensor common) on the harness side of the sensor connector. Wait 15 seconds for activation of “voltage low” code.
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Results
• OK – A “voltage low” diagnostic code (short)
is active when the jumper is installed. The engine harness and the ECM are OK. • Repair: Temporarily connect a new sensor. If the new sensor fixes the problem, reconnect the suspect sensor. If the problem returns, permanently install the new sensor. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.
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Results
• Not OK – The “voltage high” diagnostic
code (open) remains active when the jumper wire is installed.
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Results
• Not OK – The “voltage high” diagnostic
code (open) remains active when the jumper wire is installed. • Repair: Remove the jumper wire. Create a short at the ECM
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Creating a Short at the ECM
• Install a jumper wire between the terminal for the
signal of the suspect sensor and the sensor common at the ECM • Monitor the active code screen. Wait 15 seconds for activation of any code.
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Results
• OK – The ECM is operating properly. There is an
open in the wiring between the ECM and the sensor. • Repair: Inspect the wiring and connectors between the ECM and the sensor. Repair or replace faulty harness components. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.
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Results
• Not OK – The “voltage high” code (open) is still active
when the jumper wire is installed.
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Results
• Not OK – The “voltage high” code (open) is still active
when the jumper wire is installed. • Repair: Temporarily connect a test ECM. If the test ECM fixes the problem, reconnect the suspect ECM. If the problem returns, permanently install a new ECM. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem
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Invalid Signal Codes
Codes that do not indicate open or shorted state
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Monitor Supply Voltage at Sensor
• Install breakout “T” or test probes (spoons)
• Measure voltage between terminals “A” and “B”
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Results
• OK: Measured supply voltage is supply voltage +/-
.5 volt. Proceed to measure signal at harness side of connector.
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Results
• OK: Measured supply voltage is supply voltage +/-
.5 volt. Proceed to measure signal at harness side of connector. • Not OK: Sensor is not receiving correct voltage. Measure voltage at ECM using breakout “T” or spoons. Inspect electrical connectors and wires. Repair or replace faulty components. Verify repair eliminates problem
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Measure Signal at Harness Side of Sensor
• With breakout installed, disconnect “C” terminal from
harness side of connector • Using a DMM, measure the duty cycle between “B” and “C” at the breakout while depressing and releasing accelerator pedal
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Results • OK: Duty cycle is between 10 and 22 percent while fully released. Duty cycle is between 75 and 90 percent while fully depressed. Reconnect “C” wire. Proceed to measure signal at ECM.
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Results • OK: Duty cycle is between 10 and 22 percent while fully released. Duty cycle is between 75 and 90 percent while fully depressed. Reconnect “C” wire. Proceed to measure signal at ECM. • Not OK: Duty cycle is not present or out of range. Temporarily install a new sensor. If the new sensor eliminates the problem, reconnect the suspect sensor. If problem returns, permanently install a new sensor. Verify repair eliminates the problem.
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Measure Duty Cycle at Harness Side of ECM
• Use appropriate ECM breakout or
spoons at ECM connector • Using a DMM, measure duty cycle between signal and sensor return pins while depressing and releasing pedal Global Service Learning & Performance Division Results
• OK: Duty cycle is between 10 and 22 percent
while fully released. Duty cycle is between 75 and 90 percent while fully depressed. Temporarily connect a test ECM. If problem is resolved with the test ECM, reconnect suspect ECM. If problem returns, permanently install new ECM. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.
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Results
• OK: Duty cycle is between 10 and 22 percent while
fully released. Duty cycle is between 75 and 90 percent while fully depressed. Temporarily connect a test ECM. If problem is resolved with the test ECM, reconnect suspect ECM. If problem returns, permanently install new ECM. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem. • Not OK: Duty cycle is not present or out of range. There is a problem with the pedal position sensor signal wire. Repair or replace faulty wiring. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.