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BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS
HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON
With an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic
and
Second, the “Addenda et Corrigenda” listed at the end of the 1951 edition have been
integrated into the text. Some additional minor corrections have been undertaken, though
only when the printed edition was obviously in error.
Third, we have changed the layout of the book for maximum on-screen readability.
We have set the book so that derivative forms are indented slightly so that the reader can
clearly see which entries are roots and which are derivatives. Further, we have increased
the line spacing throughout the book to ease the burden of distinguishing one line from
another.
Finally, this electronic edition of BDB has been fully integrated into the Logos
Library System, and can work in concert with any number of other LLS titles. All the
headwords in BDB are listed as both Hebrew and Hebrew-Lemma topics, so one can use
BDB as a keylink destination for those languages. That means any book in your library
can be set up to look up any Hebrew word or Hebrew lemma in BDB by double-clicking
on that word. You can also set the keylink destination for Strong’s numbers to go to
BDB, which will cause any Strong’s number keylink in your library to use BDB as its
destination. This can be particularly useful with the “View Inline Strong’s/TVM” feature
in some English Bibles, notably the King James Version. See “ Keylinks ” in the User’s
Guide for more information on setting keylink destinations.
But the last revision of Robinson’s Gesenius was made in 1854, and Robinson died in
1863. The last English edition of Gesenius, prepared by Tregelles, and likewise including
additions from the Thesaurus , dates as far back as 1859. In the meantime Semitic studies
have been pursued on all hands with energy and success. The language and text of the
Old Testament have been subjected to a minute and searching inquiry before unknown.
The languages cognate with Hebrew have claimed the attention of specialists in nearly all
civilized countries. Wide fields of research have been opened, the very existence of
which was a surprise, and have invited explorers. Arabic, ancient and modern, Ethiopic,
with its allied dialects, Aramaic, in its various literatures and localities, have all yielded
new treasures; while the discovery and decipherment of inscriptions from Babylonia and
Assyria, Phoenicia, Northern Africa, Southern Arabia, and other old abodes of Semitic
peoples, have contributed to a far more comprehensive and accurate knowledge of the
Hebrew vocabulary in its sources and its usage than was possible forty or fifty years ago.
In Germany an attempt has been made to keep pace with advancing knowledge by
frequent editions of the Handwörterbuch , as well as by the brilliant and suggestive,
though unequal, Wörterbuch of Siegfried and Stade (in 1892–3), but in England and
America there has not been heretofore even so much as a serious attempt.
The present Editors consider themselves fortunate in thus having the opportunity
afforded by an evident demand. Arrangements have been made whereby the rights
connected with ‘Robinson’s Gesenius’ are carried over to the present work, and exclusive
authority to use the most recent German editions has been secured 1 . They have felt,
1 The eleventh German edition appeared in 1890, the year before the First Part of the
present Lexicon was issued, under the editorship of Professors Mühlau and Volck, of
Dorpat, who had prepared the eighth, ninth, and tenth also. The twelfth edition, in 1895,
however, that the task which they had undertaken could not be rightly discharged by
merely adding new knowledge to the old, or by substituting more recent opinions for
others grown obsolete, or by any other form of superficial revision. At an early stage of
the work they reached the conviction that their first and perhaps chief duty was to make a
fresh and, as far as possible, exhaustive study of the Old Testament materials, determine
the actual uses of words by detailed examination of every passage, comparing, at the
same time, their employment in the related languages, and thus fix their proper meanings
in Hebrew.
In the matter of etymologies they have endeavoured to carry out the method of sound
philology, making it their aim to exclude arbitrary and fanciful conjectures, and in cases
of uncertainty to afford the student the means of judging of the materials on which a
decision depends. They could not have been satisfied to pursue the course chosen by
Professors Siegfried and Stade in excluding the etymological feature almost entirely from
their lexicon. This method deprives the student of all knowledge as to the extra-Biblical
history and relationship of his words, and of the stimulus to study the cognate languages,
and lessens his opportunity of growing familiar with the modes of word-formation. It
greatly simplifies, of course, the task of the lexicographer. The Editors acknowledge, at
once, that their labours would have ended much sooner if they had not included the
etymology of words, and they are sensible of the exposure to criticism at a thousand
points which results from their undertaking to do so. They have cheerfully assumed this
burden, and are ready to accept this criticism, from which they hope to learn much. Here,
if anywhere, it is certain that results must, in many cases, long remain provisional. They
have preferred to make what contribution they could to the final settlement of these
difficult questions. For like reasons they have been unwilling to follow Buhl in excluding
the explanation of the meaning of proper names, hazardous as such explanations often
are.
That the Editors have made use of the Thesaurus of Gesenius on every page, with
increasing admiration for the tireless diligence, philological insight, and strong good
sense of this great Lexicographer, and recognition of Robinson’s wisdom in allowing him
to speak directly to English students by the admirable translation and editorship of the
Lexicon Manuale , need not be further emphasized. They have also made free reference
to Gesenius’s Hebrew Grammar, in the successive editions prepared by Professor
marked an era in the history of this useful dictionary, for with it began the careful
editorship of Professor Frants Buhl, of Copenhagen, then at Leipzig, who issued the
thirteenth edition, also, in 1899, and, after a very thorough revision, the fourteenth in
1905. None of these editions had the exact scope of the present work, and none of them
absolved the Editors in any degree from personal investigation of the entire material. The
Editors have, however, derived much benefit from the German work, and especially from
the contributions to it of Professor Buhl and his co-labourers, Professors Socin and
Zimmern. Unfortunately the present Lexicon—with the exception of the Appendix—was
almost entirely in type when the fourteenth edition appeared, and adequate use of its new
material, especially its extensive references to current philological literature must be
reserved for a later opportunity.
Kautzsch, follower of Gesenius at Halle, and, since 1898, to the excellent English
translation of this book made by Messrs. Collins and Cowley, which appeared in that
year. The grammars of Ewald, Olshausen, Böttcher, Stade, August Müller, and König,
the Syntax of A. B. Davidson, and other grammatical works have been cited as occasion
required. Nöldeke’s contributions to Hebrew Lexicography and Grammar have been
constantly used, with the works of Lagarde and Barth on the formation of nouns, of
Gerber on denominative verbs, and many which cannot be catalogued here. All the
critical commentaries, and a great number and variety of textual, topographical, and
geographical works, with monographs and articles bearing on every possible aspect of
Old Testament language, have been examined.
The published materials for the study of the languages cognate with Hebrew have
reached such proportions as to tax even the most industrious in any extended comparison
of kindred words. For the Arabic, constant use has been made of the dictionaries of Lane,
Freytag, Dozy, Wahrmund, the Beirût Fathers, and others besides. The Editors have
found themselves sharing with peculiar keenness in the unavailing regret of scholars that
Mr. Lane’s magnificent plan of complete Arabic lexicography was not destined to be
realized. Fränkel’s Aramäische Fremdwörter im Arabischen has been constantly used.
For the vast and increasing storehouse of Assyrian—as yet most imperfectly explored—
the dictionaries of Delitzsch, and, as far as the times of its appearance allowed, Muss-
Arnolt have been employed, as well as Meissner’s Supplement , and many special
vocabularies. Paul Haupt, Bezold, Guyard, Strassmaier, Zimmern, Jensen, Winckler,
Scheil, Sayce, King, Johns, R. F. Harper, and many writers in the Zeitschrift für
Assyriologie , the Beiträge zur Assyriologie und Semitischen Sprachwissenschaft , and
other publications, have been laid under contribution. A place of honour must here be
given to Eberhard Schrader, the founder of Assyriology in Germany, whose fruitful work
has been prematurely cut short by impaired health, and the Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek
begun by him is mentioned here many times. Winckler is of course recognized as the
chief editor of the inscriptions from Tel el-Amarna. For Syriac, the Thesaurus of R.
Payne Smith and the Lexicon of Brockelmann have been always at hand, with Castell
accessible in case of need. Constant reference has been made to Nöldeke’s Syrische
Grammatik (now, fortunately, translated), as well as his older works, the Neu-Syrische
Grammatik , and the priceless Mandäische Grammatik . Duval and Nestle also have been
laid under contribution. The Aramaic of the Targums and other Jewish-Aramaic
documents, as well as the post-Biblical Hebrew have been examined in the dictionaries,
of Buxtorf, J. Levy, Jastrow, and Dalman, the collections of Bacher, the grammars of
Strack, Marti, and Dalman, the editions of Lagarde, Berliner, and Merx, as well as the
older publications. The Christian Aramaic of Palestine has been studied in the treatment
of Schwally and Schulthess. In the Aramaic Appendix frequent references have been
made not only to the grammars of Kautzsch and Dalman, but also to Krauss’s
Griechische u. Lateinische Lehnwörter im Talmud , and especially to the independent and
valuable pamphlets of Scheftelowitz; Arisches im Alten Testament I and II. The Hebrew
text of Ecclesiasticus has been used in the primary editions of Schechter, of Neubauer
and Cowley, of Schechter and Taylor, of E. N. Adler, G. Margoliouth, I. Lévi and Gaster,
as well as in the more compact editions of Strack and Lévi, and the admirable facsimile
issued by the Clarendon Press. Dillmann has been the main authority for Ethiopic, with
resort, from time to time, to Prätorius and Charles. North-Semitic inscriptions have
yielded their material through the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum , the Répertoire
d’Épigraphie Sémitique , the collections of de Vogüé, Euting, and others, and, especially
in recent years, by the aid of the Handbooks of Lidzbarski and G. A. Cooke, and the
Glossary of S. A. Cook. The important Aramaic texts from Egypt, of the fifth century
B.C. which have been just published by Cowley and Sayce, have also been utilized for the
Aramaic Lexicon. The lexical matter of Southern Arabia has been gathered from the
Corpus , from the inscriptions published by Osiander, M. Levy, Halévy, Mordtmann, D.
H. Müller (including the discoveries of Langer), Glaser, and others. Egyptian parallels
have been adduced mainly from Wiedemann, Bondi, Erman, Steindorff and Spiegelberg,
with occasional reference to Lepsius, Brugsch and Ebers. In all these departments, where
active work is going on, fugitive materials have of course been found in many places,
often scattered and sometimes remote.
It has been the purpose to recognize good textual emendations, but not to swell the
list by conjectures which appeared to lack a sound basis. There is still much to do in
textual criticism, and much which has been done since the printing of this Lexicon began
would receive recognition if extensive revision were now possible. Among the critical
discussion of the Hebrew texts which have been frequently used are those of Geiger,
Graetz, Wellhansen ( Samuel, Minor Prophets ), Perles, Oort, Cornill ( Ezekiel, Jeremiah
), Beer ( Job ), Driver ( Samuel ), Burney ( Kings ), the several Parts of the Polychrome
Bible, the Notes by translators in Kautzsch’s Altes Testament , as well as those found in
the Commentaries (especially the two recently completed series published under the
editorship of Nowack and Marti, respectively, and the Old Testament volumes of the
International Critical Commentary, edited by Professors Briggs and Driver), and in many
periodicals.
As to the arrangement of the work, the Editors decided at an early stage of their
preparations to follow the Thesaurus , and the principal dictionaries of other Semitic
languages, in classifying words according to their stems, and not to adopt the purely
alphabetical order which has been common in Hebrew dictionaries. The relation of
Semitic derivatives to the stems is such as to make this method of grouping them an
obvious demand from the scientific point of view. It is true that practical objections to it
may be offered, but these do not appear convincing. One is that it compels the Editor to
seem to decide, by placing each word under a given stem, some questions of etymology
which in his own mind are still open. The number of such cases, however, is
comparatively small, and the uncertainty can always be expressed by a word of caution.
And even if the objection were much more important it would be better to assume the
burden of it, in order to give students of Hebrew, from the outset, the immense advantage
of familiarity with the structure and formative laws of the Hebrew vocabulary in their
daily work. Another objection incidental to this arrangement is thought to be the
increased difficulty of reference. This difficulty will diminish rapidly as students advance
in knowledge, and by the practice of setting words formed by prefix or affix—or
otherwise hard for the beginner to trace—a second time in their alphabetical place, with
cross-references, it is hoped to do away with the difficulty almost entirely.
The Aramaic of the Bible has been separated from the Hebrew, and placed by itself at
the end of the book, as a separate and subordinate element of the language of the Old
Testament. This is a change from that older practice which, since it was adopted here, has
been made also by Siegfried and Stade, and by Buhl, and which the Editors believe will
commend itself on grounds of evident propriety.
The question of adding an English-Hebrew Index has been carefully considered. With
reluctance it has been decided, for practical reasons, not to do so. The original limits
proposed for the Lexicon have already been far exceeded, and the additional time, space,
and cost which an Index would require have presented a barrier which the Editors could
not see their way to remove.
The work of preparing the Lexicon has been divided as follows:—The articles written
by Professor Driver include all pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions,
interjections, and other particles, together with some nouns whose principal use (with or
without a preposition) is adverbial; also some entire stems of which only one derivative is
used adverbially: e.g. I. בדד, ( בלהnot ַל ) ְבּ ִליַּע, יחד, I. כלל, מאם, ; רגעbut in the
case of ָם
יוֹמ, נֶגֶד, ָסבִיב, I . ֵעבֶר, ַמעַלand ( עַלsub ) עלה, עִם, ַעתָּה, ( יעןsub ) ענה,
among others, Professor Driver’s responsibility does not go beyond the particular words.
Under פּנֶה
ָ he is responsible for the treatment of ְפּנֵיwith prepositions prefixed. He has
prepared a few other articles, as well; e.g. ִיל
ֱאל, II. בדד, ֶהבֶל, ישׁה, תּוּשׁיָּה
ִ , ָתּמִיד,
מחר, ָמעַט, תֹּהוּ. In addition to articles for which he is exclusively responsible, he has
read all the proofs, and made many suggestions.
The following articles have been prepared by Professor Briggs 1 ; they are in the main
terms important to Old Testament Religion, Theology, and Psychology, and words
related to these :—
ֲאבַדּוֹן, אדן, I. אהל, אוב, II. אוה, I. אול, I. און, אור, אֵל, אֱלֹהִים, אֱלוֹ ַהּ, II. אלה
, I. אמן, אפד, II. ארן, ארר, ִשּׁהֶ א, אשׁם, ( אשׁרbut not ֲשׁר ֶ באשׁ ;) א, ָבּגַד, I. בַּד,
בושׁ, בחר, I. בטח, ( ביןnot [ ] ַבּיִ֫ן, ) בֵּין, בבר, ְבּ ִליַּעַל, ָבּמָה, בעל, בקשׁ, I. ברא,
ְבּרִית, ברך, I. בַּר, ברר, בשׂר, גאה ; בתל, I. גאל, גָּבַהּ, גבר, גדל, גלה, ( גָּמַלnot
) גָּמָל, דבר ; גער, ( הוה ; דיןincl. זבח ;) יהוה, I. זור, זנה, I. זנח, זעם, חגג ; זרק,
חוס, I. חזה, חטא, חיה, חכם, III. חלל, II. חלם, I. ( חנןnot ) ִחנָּם, I. חסד, חסה,
חפץ, חקק, חרה, I. חרם, I. חרף, חשׁב, חשׁן ֶ ; טהר, טוב, ; טמאI. יאל, ידה, יטב,
יכח, יסר, יעד, יצר, ירא, ירה, ישׁע, כבד ; ישׁר, כהן, בסה, כסל, כעס, I. כפר,
The work has consumed a much longer time than was anticipated at the outset.
Twenty-three years have passed since it was undertaken, and nearly fifteen since the issue
of the First Part, in June, 1891. Several causes have prevented an earlier completion of it.
Not only have the Editors been engaged in the active duties of their professorships, to
which they were obliged to subordinate even so important a work as this, but they have
more than once encountered serious interruptions from unforeseen circumstances of a
personal nature. But, above all, the task itself has proved a greater one than they supposed
it to be. The field has been large, the questions have been many, and often difficult, the
consideration of usage, involved, as it is, with that of textual change and of fresh
proposals in exegesis, has required an enormous amount of time; the study of
etymologies is involved with masses of new material, rapidly increasing and as yet
imperfectly published and digested; the critical discussion of the many related topics is of
great extent and scattered through many books and periodicals. Even tentative
conclusions can be reached often only through a careful weighing of facts yielded by
prolonged investigation. And so the process has gone on year after year. The Editors are
quite aware that the patience of purchasers has been put to a severe test. They would be
glad to think that they may find in the result a partial compensation.
They know, indeed, that this result is far from perfect. Their most earnest care has not
been able to exclude errors; the First Part, in particular, was printed under unfavourable
conditions, and the years since the earlier Parts were issued have brought new knowledge
at many points. It was not possible, nor would it have been just to owners of these Parts,
to make considerable changes in the plates. Such changes have been limited, almost
wholly, to obvious misprints, and occasional errors in citation. A selected, and restricted,
list of some of the more important ‘ Addenda et Corrigenda ’ is appended to the volume.
The Editors venture to hope that in the future they may be able to utilize the additional
material which is now in their hands.
A list of abbreviations was issued with Part I. This has been now revised and
enlarged, and it is hoped that by its aid the abbreviations made necessary by the fullness
of reference, on the one hand, and the requirements of space, on the other, will be quite
intelligible.
Thanks are due to many scholars who have shown an interest in the work, and have
contributed to its value by their suggestions. Prominent among these are Professor
Hermann L. Strack, D.D., of Berlin; Professor George F. Moore, D.D., of Harvard
University; and, for the Biblical Aramaic, Stanley A. Cook, Esq., of Cambridge, who has
kindly read the proofs of the Aramaic Appendix, and made various additions and
improvements. Dr. Eberhard Nestle, of Maulbronn, Professors Theodor Nöldeke, of
Strassburg, Henry Preserved Smith, D.D., of Amherst, Mass., Thomas Kelly Cheyne,
D.D., of Oxford, Richard J. H. Gottheil, Ph.D., of Columbia University, New York, A. F.
Kirkpatrick, D.D., and William Emery Barnes, D.D., of Cambridge, T. W. Davies, of the
University College of North Wales, and Max Margolis, of the University of California, as
well as Mr. H. W. Sheppard, of Bromley, Kent, and others, have laid the Editors under
obligation by sending important comments, or lists of corrections. Any further
communications which may advance the cause of Hebrew scholarship, and promote a
more thorough comprehension of the Old Testament Scriptures by supplying material for
a possible future edition of the Lexicon, will be cordially welcomed.
We are under similar obligations to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press. Since
assuming a share in this enterprise they have shown unfailing regard for it as a serious
contribution to Hebrew learning. The Editors have many courtesies to acknowledge from
successive Secretaries of the Clarendon Press, the late Master of Pembroke, Professor
Bartholomew Price, D.D., P. Lyttleton Gell, Esq., and C. Cannan, Esq.
We desire to express our thanks to the printers, to whose painstaking care in the
composition—made complicated and difficult by the great variety of type, including half
a dozen founts of foreign characters—in the correcting and in the press-work, the
excellent appearance of the page is due; to Horace Hart, M.A., under whose direction
they have worked; and not least to J. C. Pembrey, M. A., chief Oriental proof-reader,
whose sharp eye little escapes, and whose personal enthusiasm is always concentrated
upon the book in hand.
The merits of the work—if it have them—are dependent to a large degree on the
hearty co-operation of all these, whose service we gratefully acknowledge.
In thus sending out into the world a book to which have gone many years of life and
much persistent effort, our most earnest wish is that it shall be of real use to students, as a
key with which they may unlock for themselves the rich treasure-house of the Old
Testament.
The Editors.
March , 1906.
NOTE
The present reprint of the Hebrew Lexicon is a mere re-issue in which only small
corrections, which can be made in the sheets without resetting, have been incorporated;
but they are many hundreds in number. * These have been drawn from my father’s and
my own notes or supplied by colleagues and correspondents, whose assistance I am
happy to acknowledge; + and I hope that they will continue and that others, reading this
note, will commence sending me corrections and improvements for future editions. I may
add, for the information of all those who use this dictionary, that a supplement to contain
as much as possible of the new information or discoveries made available since its
original publication is in course of preparation.
G. R. DRIVER.
1 November 1951.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE,
OXFORD.
ABBREVIATIONS
A = Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint.
* References to the Addenda et Corrigenda are indicated by an asterisk (*) in the text.
+ Notably L. E. Binns, E. F. F. Bishop, L. H. Brockington, F. G. Carruthers, A. Daw, J.
A. Emerton, T. H. Gaster, R. M. Gray, J. E. K. Haddick, J. Halpern, J. J. Heller, R. L.
Hicks, A. M. Honeyman, R. H. Hosking, †P. Joüon, †C. Lattey, †H. M. J. Loewe, W. D.
McHardy, T. W. Manson, E. Pearson, C. Roth, H. H. Rowley, A. Shaffer, H. W.
Shephard, N. Snaith, H. F. D. Sparks, S. B. Sperry, D. Staple, †W. B. Stevenson, E. F.
Sutcliffe, D. W. Thomas, F. R. Tomes, †C. E. White.
abs. = absolute.
abstr. = abstract.
Abulf = Abulfeda.
Ac = Academy (London).
act. = active.
adj. = adjective.
adv. = adverb.
AE = Aben Ezra.
Ak. = Akkadian.
Albr = K. Albrecht.
alttest(am). = alttestamentliche(r,s) .
alw. = always.
obj. object.
acc. accusative (direct obj. etc.)
Am = Amos.
Andr = Andreas.
Aq = Aquila.
AR = Andover Review.
Ar. = Arabic.
Arch. = Archaeology.
ARSK = A. R. S. Kennedy.
As. = Assyrian.
Asrb. = Assurbanipal.
Asrn. = Assurnaṣirpal .
AV = Authorized Version.
AW = Abu’l Walid.
ÄZ = Ägyptische Zeitschrift .
Ba NB = Id. , Nominalbildung .
Bä = K. C. Bähr.
Bab. = Babylonian.
Bacher = W. Bacher.
Bachm = J. Bachmann.
Bäd = K. Bädeker.
Bae = F. Baethgen.
Baen = B. Baentsch.
Bähr = K. C. Bähr.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch.
Hpt Sacred Books of the O.T., ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).
Bau Rel = Id. , Studien zur Semitischen Religionsgeschichte
Be = E. Bertheau.
Bed = Bedouin.
beg = beginning.
Behrm = G. Behrmann.
Belsh. = Belshazzar.
Benn = W. H. Bennett.
Benz = J. Benzinger.
Berthol = A. Bertholet.
Bev = A. A. Bevan.
Bez = C. Bezold.
BH = Biblical Hebrew.
Bi = G. Bickell.
Bl = F. Bleek.
Bla = J. S. Black.
Heb. Hebrew.
Comm. Commentary, Commentaries, Commentators.
Bloch (Gl.) = A. Bloch, Phönizisches Glossar .
Bmg = A. J. Baumgartner.
Bo = S. Bochart.
Bö = F. Böttcher.
Br = C. A. Briggs.
Brd = C. Bredenkamp.
Bu = K. Budde.
Bur = C. F. Burney.
Bux = J. Buxtorf.
Bz = C. Bezold.
Ca = C. P. Caspari.
Capp = J. Cappel.
Cappad. = Cappadocia.
Castle = Castell.
caus. = causative.
Champoll = J. F. Champollion.
Che = T. K. Cheyne.
ClGann = Clermont-Ganneau.
Co = C. H. Cornill.
coll. = collective.
concr. = concrete.
consec. = consecutive.
constr. = construction.
Cooke = G. A. Cooke.
OT Old Testament.
Eng. Trans. English Translation.
2
COT = The Cuneiform Inscr. & the Old Test. ( Eng. Trans. of KAT , by O. H.
Whitehouse).
Cowley = A. E. Cowley.
cp. = compare.
CR = Comptes Rendus.
cstr. = construct.
Da = A. B. Davidson.
Dalm = G. Dalman.
Dan. = Daniel.
Dat = J. A. Dathe.
De = Franz Delitzsch.
Inscr. inscription(s);
KAT E. Schrader, Keilinschr. u. d. Alte Testament.
= equivalent, equals.
De HL und Koheleth = Id. , Comm. über das Hohelied und Koheleth .
DeW = W. M. L. De Wette.
DHM = D. H. Müller.
DHM Epigr. Denkm. (Ar., or aus Abess.) = Id. , Epigraphische Denkmäler , or Epigr. Denkm.
aus Arabien , or Epigr. Denkm. aus Abessinien
Di = A. Dillmann.
Dioscor = Dioscorides
Dl = Friedrich Delitzsch.
Sab. Sabean.
Dl HWB = Id. , Assyrisches Handwörterbuch
Dn = Daniel.
Dr = S. R. Driver.
Dt = Deuteronomy.
Du = B. Duhm.
Dvd = David.
DWAk = Denkschriften der Wiener Akademie d. Wiss .
Dy = J. Dyserinck.
E = Elohist.
Eb = G. Ebers.
Ec = Ecclesiastes.
Ecclus = Ecclesiasticus
Eg. = Egyptian.
elsewh. = elsewhere.
EMey Entstehung = Id. , Entstehung des Judenthums , = Id. , Entstehung J., etc.
Esar. = Esarhaddon.
Esdr. = Esdras.
esp. = especially.
Eth. = Ethiopic.
Eut = J. Euting.
Ew = H. Ewald.
Ex = Exodus.
exc. = except.
exil. = exile.
Ez = Ezekiel.
f., f. = feminine.
f, or ff = and following.
fig. = figurative.
FJB = F. J. Bliss.
Fl = H. L. Fleischer.
fr. = from.
Fr = S. Frensdorff.
Frankenb(erg) = W. Frankenberg.
Fü = J. Fürst.
Gann = Clermont-Ganneau.
Gei = A. Geiger.
geogr. = geography.
Ges = W. Gesenius.
Gesch. = Geschichte .
Gf = K. H. Graf.
GFM = G. F. Moore.
Gie = F. Giesebrecht.
Gi(nsb) = C. D. Ginsburg.
Gl(as) = E. Glaser
Gn = Genesis.
Gr = H. Grätz.
Gray = G. B. Gray.
Guidi Della Sede = Id. , Della Sede Primitiva dei Popoli Semitici .
Gunk = H. Gunkel.
H = Code of Holiness.
Haev = Haevernick.
Hal = J. Halévy.
Hb = Habakkuk.
Hbr = Hebraica.
HDerenb = H. Derenbourg.
Heb. = Hebrew.
He(ngst) = E. Hengstenberg.
Herod(ot.) = Herodotus.
Hex = Hexateuch.
Hg = Haggai.
Hi = F. Hitzig.
Hilg = A. Hilgenfeld.
Hilpr = H. V. Hilprecht.
Hirz = L. Hirzel.
Ho = Hosea.
Hoffm = G. Hoffmann.
Hollenb = W. A. Hollenberg.
Holz = H. Holzinger.
Hom = F. Hommel.
HPS = H. P. Smith.
Hpt D = Id. , Über einen Dialekt der Sumerischen Sprache [ GGN . 1880, Nr. 17]
Hpt, or Hpt (Che Hpt , & c. ) usually = Sacred Books of the OT , ed. Hpt
(Polychrome Bible).
HSch = H. Schultz.
Hup = H. Hupfeld.
Idiot. = Idioticon.
Impf. = Imperfect.
Imv. = Imperative.
indef. = indefinite.
Inf. = Infinitive.
inscr. = inscription(s)
intr(ans). = intransitive.
Is = Isaiah.
J = Jehovist.
Jacob = G. Jacob.
Jastr = Marcus Jastrow, Dict. of Targumim, Talmud, etc.; also Morris Jastrow, Jr.
J AT. im Licht d. AO = A. Jeremias, Das Alte Testament im Licht des Alten Orients .
Jb = Job.
Je = Jeremiah.
Jen = P. Jensen.
Jerem = A. Jeremias.
Jerus. = Jerusalem.
Jes = Jesaias.
JHMich = J. H. Michaelis.
Jo = Joel.
Jon = Jonah.
Jos = Joshua.
JQ = Jewish Quarterly.
Ju = Judges.
Jud. = Judæa, Judæan .
juss. = jussive.
1 K, 2 K = 1 & 2 Kings.
Kau = E. Kautzsch
Kay = W. Kay.
Ke = C. F. Keil.
Kenn = B. Kennicott.
K E. Kautzsch, Aramaismen im A. T.
Kau E. Kautzsch.
Kau E, Kautzsch, Die Heiligen Schriften d. Alten Testaments, ed. au.
KG = E. Schrader, Die Keilinschr. und die Geschichtsforschung .
kg. = king.
Kgs. = Kings.
Kiep(ert) = H. Kiepert.
Kirkp = A. F. Kirkpatrick.
Kit = R. Kittel.
Kit Gesch.(or Hist.) = Kit , Geschichte der Hebräer (or Eng. Trans. ).
Klo = A. Klostermann.
Kmp = A. Kamphausen.
Kn = A. Knobel.
Kö = E. König.
Kö Synt. = Kö iii
Köh = A. Köhler.
Di A. Dillmann.
Kit R. Kittel.
Kohut-Studies = Id.
Kosters Herstel = W. H. Kosters, Het Herstel van Israël in het Perzische Tijdvak .
Kp = A. F. Kirkpatrick.
Krae = R. Kraetzschmar.
Kremer = A. Kremer.
Krochm = A. Krochmal.
Kt = Kƒthibh .
Kue = A. Kuenen.
La = Lamentations.
Lag = P. de Lagarde.
Landberg = C. Landberg.
Lay = A. H. Layard.
Len = F. Lenormant.
Lo = R. Lowth.
Lu = Martin Luther.
Luz(z) = S. D. Luzzatto.
Lv = Leviticus.
Lyon = D. G. Lyon.
m., m. = masculine.
M-A = W. Muss-Arnolt.
Mal = Malachi.
Mand. = Mandean.
Marquart = J. Marquart.
Marti = K. Marti.
Mas(s) = Masora.
Me = A. Merx.
v. vide , see.
Ldzb M. Lidzbarski; usually circa., Nordsemitische Inschriften .
Meinh = J. Meinhold.
Meissn = B. Meissner.
Mey = E. Meyer.
Mey E. Jud. , or Entstehung , or Enst. J. , or Entstehung d. Jud. , or Judenth(um) = Id. , Die Entstehung
des Judenthums .
MI = Mesha-Inscription.
Mi = Micah.
Mich = J. D. Michaelis.
Min. = Minaean.
Mish(n). = Mishna.
mng. = meaning.
Mo = F. E. Movers.
Mordt(m) = J. H. Mordtmann.
MT = Massoretic Text.
Müll = A. Müller.
n. = nomen , noun.
Na = Nahum.
Nab. = Nabataean.
Näg = C. W. E. Nägelsbach.
Nbr = A. Neubauer.
Neb = Nebuchadnezzar.
Nes = E. Nestle.
Nes Eg = Eigennamen
Nö = T. Nöldeke.
Nö Zur Gram. d. class. Ar. = Id. , Zur Grammatik des classischen Arab . (in Denkschriften
der Wiener Akademie , 1896).
no. = number.
Now = W. Nowack.
Nu = Numbers.
num. = number.
Ob = Obadiah.
obj. = object.
Oehl = Oehler.
oft. = often.
Ol = J. Olshausen.
Oort = H. Oort.
Os = E. Osiander.
OT = Old Testament.
Öt = S. Öttli.
Pal(m). = Palmyrene.
Pap. = Papyrus.
part. = particle.
pass. = passive.
Pe = J. J. S. Perowne.
Pei = F. E. Peiser.
Perles = F. Perles.
Pers. = Persian.
Pf. = Perfect.
Ph. = Phenician.
Phi = F. Philippi.
Pietschm = R. Pietschmann
Pinsk = S. Pinsker.
pl. = plural.
Post = G. E. Post.
postB = post-Biblical.
post-pos. = post-positive.
Pr = Proverbs.
Prä(t) = F. Prätorius.
Prä(t) Neue Beiträge = Id. , Neue Beiträge zur Erklärung der Himjarischen Inschriften .
Prol = Prolegomena.
Ps = Psalms, Psalmen.
ψ = Psalm.
pt(cp). = participle.
punct. = punctuation.
Qor = Qoran.
Qr = Q rê .
qu. = question.
qy. = query.
RD = Deuteronomic redactor .
1 R, 2 R, 3 R, 4 R, 5 R = Cuneiform Inscr. of Western Asia (H. Rawlinson).
RA = Revue Archéologique .
Ra = Rashi.
rd. = read.
rdg. = reading.
Re = E. Renan.
Reckend = S. Reckendorf.
refl. = reflexive.
Rel = H. Reland.
Ri = E. Riehm.
Rö = E. Rödiger.
Rob = E. Robinson.
Roo = T. Roorda.
Rosenm = E. F. C. Rosenmüller.
Rothst = W. Rothstein.
Ru = Ruth.
RV = Revised Version.
Ry = V. Ryssel.
S = Syriac Version.
1 S, 2 S = 1 & 2 Samuel.
Sab. = Sabean.
Sarg = Sargon.
SASm = S. A. Smith.
SB = SBAk .
Sch = F. W. Schultz.
Scheft MGWJ = Id. , Monatsschrift für Gesch. u. Wiss. d. Jud. (1903) ; also pub.
separately (Scheft ii ).
Schl(ottm) = C. Schlottmann.
Schr = E. Schrader.
Schu = A. Schultens.
Schulth = F. Schulthess.
Schw = F. Schwally.
sg. = singular.
SI = Siloam Inscription.
Siegf = C. Siegfried.
sim. = simile.
SK = Studien u. Kritiken .
Skr. = Sanskrit.
So(c) = A. Socin.
Spi = W. Spitta.
Spieg = F. Spiegel
Spiegelb = W. Spiegelberg.
St = H. Steiner.
Sta = B. Stade
Steind = G. Steindorff.
Steuern = C. Steuernagel.
Str = H. L. Strack.
Strassm = foll.
Strm = J. Strassmaier.
sts. = sometimes.
Stu = G. Studer.
subst. = substantive.
Sum(er). = Sumerian.
Symm = Symmachus.
Syr. = Syriac.
= Targum.
Talm = Talmud.
TelAm. = TA , q.v.
Tg = Targum
Th(e) = O. Thenius.
Theod = Theodotion.
Theophr = Theophrastus
Tiele = C. P. Tiele.
To = Tobler.
TP = Tiglath-Pileser.
Tr = Transactions.
trans(it). = transitive.
Tristr = H. B. Tristram.
TSBA = TB , q.v.
Tu = F. Tuch.
txt. = text.
B = Vulgate.
v = verse
v. = vide , see.
VB = Variorum Bible.
VOJ = Vienna Oriental Journal ( = Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des
Morgenlandes ).
W = W. Wright.
We = J. Wellhausen.
We Heid. (or, Arab. Heidenthum) = Id. , Reste Arabischen Heidenthums ( = We Skizzen iv. 2nd
ed.
)
Weissb = F. H. Weissbach.
Wetzst = J. G. Wetzstein.
Wied = A. Wiedemann.
Wild(eb) = G. Wildeboer.
Wkl = H. Winckler.
Wr = C. H. H. Wright.
Wü = A. Wünsche.
Xen(oph). = Xenophon.
Zc = Zechariah.
Zehnpf = R. Zehnpfund.
Zim = H. Zimmern.
ZK = Z. für Keilschriftforschung .
Zö = O. Zöckler.
Zp = Zephaniah.
= = equivalent, equals.
+ = plus, denotes often that other passages, etc., might be cited. So also where the
forms of verbs, nouns, and adjectives are illustrated by citations, near the
beginning of articles; while ‘etc.’ in such connexions commonly indicates
that other forms of the word occur, which it has not been thought worth
while to cite.
° = superfluous.
[] = indicates that the form, etc., enclosed, is not actually found, or that the
Hebrew offers no positive proof; e.g. n. [ m. ] denotes that the noun is
presumably masculine, though the gender is not clearly exhibited in
Hebrew.
√ = root or stem.
י׳ = Yahweh.
א
אĀleph , first letter; in post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed
MT ); = ̈ א1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.
אָב S 1 , 25
TWOT 4a
GK 3
v. II. אבה.
אבבTWOT 1
( fresh, bright , Assyrian abâbu Dl W
AGl )
f. feminine, feminae.
MT Masoretic Text.
S Strong’s Concordance
TWOT Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament .
GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbering system of the NIV Exhaustive Condordance .
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Wörterbuch .
AGl Assyrian & English Glossary, Johns Hopkins University.
Lag P. de Lagarde, Bildung d. Nomina .
Inf. Infinitive.
concr. concrete.
cf. confer , compare.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Hebrew & Assyrian .
Pr Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?
while yet in its freshness (i.e. אָחוּ, reed) Jb 8:12 ; concr. , pl. green shoots ְבּ ִאבֵּי
ַהנַּחַל Ct 6:11 ( || ִמֹּנִים׃
הָֽר ) ֲהפָֽ ְרחָה ַהגֶּפֶן ֵהנֵצוּ.
† אָבִיב S 24
TWOT 1b
GK 26
n. m. Lv 2:14 coll. ( Lag BN 207 Inf. ) 1.
fresh, young ears of barley Ex 9:31 ; indef. Lv 2:14 ִמנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים ליהוה א׳
קָלוּי ָבּאֵשׁ. 2. הָֽאָבִיב חֹדֶשׁmonth of ear-forming, or of growing green, Abib ,
month of Exodus & passover, Ex 13:4 ; 23:15 ; 34:18 , 18 (JE), Dt 16:1 , 1 (1st
month = c. April = ִאשֹׁן ָהר, ( הַחֹדֶשׁ הָר׳q.v. ) in P ; v. Di Ex 12:2 ; =
postexilic ָן
נִיסq.v. )
† ֲא ַבגְתָא S 5
GK 5
n.pr. m. ( Pers. cf. ) ִבּגְתָאeunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10
.
† אָבַדS 6
TWOT 2
GK 6
vb. perish ( MI
אבד, Assyrian abâtu Dl W 184
Aramaic ַד ֲאב, ) .— Qal Pf. א׳Nu 21:30 + ; ֽאָבְדוּψ 10:16 + ( + Ez 6:3 Co )
etc.; Impf. ַד יֹאבJb 3:3 Je 4:9 ; ֑ יֹאבֵדJb 20:7 + 2 times; 3 fs. תֹּאבַדDt 22:3 + 4
times; ֵ֑ד תֹּאבJb 8:13 + 3 times; יֹאבְדוּJu 51:31 + 3 times; יֹאבֵד֑וּJb 4:9 + ; 3 fpl.
וַתֹּא ַב ְדנָה1 S 9:3 ; תֹּאבֵדוּןDt 4:26 + ; ֑ נֹאבֵדJon 1:6 ; 3:9 ; נֹא ְבדָהJon 1:14
pl. plural.
coll. collective.
indef. indefinite.
P Priests’ Code or Narrative.
n.pr. nomen proprium, proper name.
Pers. Persian.
vb. verb.
MI Mesha-Inscription.
Pf. Perfect.
+ plus, denotes often that other passages, etc., might be cited. So also where the forms of
verbs, nouns, and adjectives are illustrated by citations, near the beginning of articles;
while ‘etc.’ in such connexions commonly indicates that other forms of the word occur,
which it has not been thought worth while to cite.
Greek version of the LXX.
Co C. H. Cornill.
Impf. Imperfect.
fs. feminine singular.
etc.; Inf. abs. אָבֹד Dt 4:26 + 2 times; cstr. אֲבֹדDt 7:20 Pr 11:10 ; ֲא ָב ְד ָךDt
ָ ֑ אָ ְב ֶדDt 28:22 ; ֲא ָב ְדכֶםJos 23:13 ; אָ ְבדָםOb 12 Pr 28:28 ; Pt. אֹבֵד אוֹבֵד
28:20 ; ך
Dt 26:5 + 7 times; cstr. ַד אֹבDt 32:28 ( v. Di Bö § 378 ); etc. 1. perish, die , of
individuals (mostly late) Nu 17:27 ( || ( & גועv 28 ) מות, (also Dt 26:5 ? cf. infr. )
Jon 1:6 , 14 Jb 31:19 cf. 29:13 Pr 31:6 Est 4:14 , 16 ( ×2 ) Mi 4:9 Je 40:15 cf. Is
57:1 Pr 11:10 ; 28:28 Ec 7:15 ψ 119:92 ; emphasis on mortality Jb 4:20 ψ 146:4
Ec 9:6 ; Saul & Jonath., under fig. of weapons 2 S 1:27 ; lion Jb 4:11 ; caravan Jb 6:18
( cf. Di ); cf. ֶץ א׳ ָהסִיד מִן־הָאָרMi 7:2 , וא׳ ֶמ ֶל ְך ֵמ ַעזָּהZc 9:5 ; perish, be
exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lv 26:38 Dt 8:19 ( ×2 ) , 20 ; 28:20 , 22 ;
30:18 ( ×2 ) Je 27:10 , 15 cf. 6:21 , Ob 12 cf. ψ 80:17 Is 27:13 ; other nations Dt
7:20 Je 10:15 ; 51:18 ψ 2:12 ; 10:16 ; 83:18 cf. 9:4 Am 1:8 Is 41:11 ; 60:12 cf.
Jon 3:9 v. also Ex 10:7 Nu 21:29 , 30 (JE) Je 48:46 ; house of Ahab 2 K 9:8 ;
wicked in general Ju 5:31 Jb 4:9 cf. v 7 , ψ 37:20 ; 49:11 ; 68:3 ( || sim. of
melting wax), 73:27 ; 92:10 ; also Pr 19:9 ; 21:28 ; ַח א׳ ָלנֶצJb 20:7 ; cf. ֶדּ ֶר ְך
ְשׁעִים א׳
ָר ψ 1:6 ; sq.( ֵמעַל הָאָ֑רֶץof annihilation of Isr.) Dt 4:26 ( ×2 ) , 11:17 Jos
23:13 , 16 ( D ); sq. ָל ( מִתּוֹ ְך ַה ָקּהof Korah’s company) Nu 16:33 (JE); perish, be
ruined, destroyed , of inanimate things, e.g. land Je 9:11 ( || ָר ) נִ ְצּתָה ַכ ִמּ ְדבּcf. 48:8 ;
harvest Jo 1:11 ; Jonah’s gourd Jon 4:10 ; riches Je 48:36 Ec 5:13 ; vessel ψ 31:13 ;
houses Am 3:15 (so often Assyrian Dl W ); city Ez 26:17 (but del. Co ); cf.
bamôth Ez 6:3 Co ; heavens & earth ψ 102:27 . 2. fig. perish, vanish , subj.
memory Jb 18:17 ψ 9:7 ; name ψ 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Jb 30:2 ; wisdom Is
29:14 ; cf. ֵצוֹת
אֹבַד עDt 32:28 ; אֱמוּנָהJe 7:28 ( || חָזוֹן ;) נִ ְכ ְרתָהEz 12:22 ; יוֹםJb
3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); ֵב
לJe 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); ִתּ ְקוָהψ 9:19 Pr 10:28 ; 11:7
Ez 19:5 ; 37:11 Jb 8:13 ; so אוָה
ֲ ַתּψ 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֹ ֶחלֶתPr 11:7 ,
sq. מִן+ agent La 3:18 ; תורה+ עצה+ דברsq. מן+ persons negligent Je 18:18 ( cf.
49:7 Ez 7:26 ), especially ִן־
( א׳ מָנוֹם מi.e. they could not escape) Am 2:14 Je 25:35
Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5 . 3. be lost , property Dt 22:3 ; strayed , beasts 1 S 9:3 , 20 Je 50:6
Ez 34:4 , 16 ψ 119:176 ( fig. of erring men); perhaps Dt 26:5 .
abs. absolute.
cstr. construct.
Pt. Participle.
Bö F. Böttcher, Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache .
v verse.
infr. infra, below.
×2 two times.
fig. figurative.
sim. simile.
sq. followed by.
D Deuteronomist in Dt., in other books Deuteronomic author or redactor.
del. dele, strike out (also delet, delent ).
Pi. caus. of Qal.— Pf. ִאבַּד2 K 21:3 + 2 times; sf. וְ ִא ַבּ ְד ָךCo Ez 28:16 cf.
ִא ַבּ ְדתּJe 15:7 ; וְ ִא ַבּ ְד ִתּ֫יEz 6:3 (
infr. ; ִי Co ְדוּ ) וְ ֽאָבetc.; Impf. יְאַבֵּדEc 9:18 ;
וִיאַבֵּדEc 7:7 Zp 2:13 ; 1 s. sf. וָאַ ֶבּ ְד ָךEz 28:16 (for וָאֲאַבּ׳Ew § 72 c Ol § 79 a Kö
I 338
Ges § 68 fin ; but Co 3 ms. ; v. also Co 38:14 ); ְדוּן תְּאַבּDt 12:2 etc.; Inf.
abs. בּד ֵ אַDt 12:2 + 3 times; cstr. id. Ez 22:27 + etc.; Pt. מְאַ ְבּדִיםJe 23:1 . 1. cause
to perish, destroy, kill , obj. pers. (mostly late) 2 K 11:1 Est 3:9 ; 4:7 ; 8:5 ; 9:24 ;; ||
הרג9:6 , 12 ; || הרג+ השׁמיד3:13 ; 7:4 ; 8:11 ; || המם9:24 ; cf. ψ 119:95 ; obj.
נְפָשׁוֹת Ez 22:27 ( del. Co ); in judgment, subj. י׳ψ 5:7 ; cf. Pr 1:32 ; sq. ך
ְ מִתּוֹ
Ez 28:16 ; obj. a people 2 K 13:7 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19 ; Jb 12:23 ; in judgment Dt
11:4 Je 12:17 ; 15:7 Zp 2:13 ψ 9:6 cf. 21:11 ; obj. inanimate things especially
idols, bamôth etc., Nu. 33:52 ( ×2 ) ( J ) Dt 12:2 ( ×2 ) 2 K 21:3 Ez 6:3 (but cf. Co
supr. ); bars of Zion La 2:9 ( || ַר
) ִשׁבּ. 2. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with
names of idols Dt 12:3 ; voice of Babylon Je 51:55 ; memory of dead Is 26:14 ;
substance Pr 29:3 ; understanding Ec 7:7 ; good ( ָה טוֹבq.v. ) Ec 9:18 . 3. cause to
stray, lose; obj. Isr. under fig. of flock Je 23:1 ( || ִיץ
;) ֵהפabs. Ec 3:6 ( || ) ִבּקֵּשׁ.
Hiph. Pf. וְ ֶה ֱאבִידNu 24:19 ; ֶה ֱא ַב֑ ְד ָתּJb 14:19 etc.; Impf. אֹבִידָהJe 46:8 ( Ges
§ 68, 2 R. 1
). Inf. cstr. ִיד ַה ֲאב2 K 10:19 + etc.; Pt. ַמ ֲאבִידDt 8:20 . 1. destroy, put to
death , in judgment, (subj. ) י׳obj. pers. Lv 23:30 ( sq. ָהּ ָכּרַת || ; ִמ ֶקּרֶב ַעמּv 29 );
Je 49:38 ( sq. ִשּׁם ָ ;) מOb 8 ( sq. ;) ֵמאֱדוֹםobj. nation, Ammon Ez 25:7 ( sq.
) ָכּרַת || ; מן־הארצות, cf. v 16 ; Canaanites Dt 8:20 ( sq. ;) ִמ ְפּנֵיכֶםCanaan =
Philistines Zp 2:5 ( || ַת ;) ָכּרespecially Isr. Dt 28:51 , 63 ( || ִשׁמִיד ְ ) ה, cf. Js 7:7 ;
also abs. Je 18:7 ( || לנְתוֹשׁ ִ = ;) וְִלנְתוֹץ1:10 ( + = ) וְַלהֲרוֹס31:28 ( + ;) וּ ְל ָה ֵר ַע
animals Ez 32:13 ( sq. ִים ;) ֵמעַל ַמיִם ַרבּcf. Dt 7:10 ; ψ 143:12 ( || ( ;) ִה ְצמִיתhuman
subj.), obj. servants of Baal 2 K 10:19 , obj. nation Dt 9:3 , cf. Nu 24:19 ( E ; sq.
;) ֵמעִיר2 K 24:2 ; cf. Je 46:8 ; obj. inanimate, chariots Mi 5:9 ; idols Ez 30:13 ( del.
caus. causative.
sf. suffix, or with suffix.
Ew H. Ewals, Heb. . Gram.;
Ol J. Olshausen, Heb. Gram.
Kö E. König, Heb. Gram.
Ges W. Gesenius, Heb. Gram. ed. by Kautzsch;
fin finite, finitivum.
ms. masculine singular.
pers. person, personae.
J Jehovist.
supr. supra, above.
E Elohist.
B Co ). 2. fig. , obj. name of kings Dt 7:24 ( sq. ַשּׁ ַמיִם
ָ ;) ִמ ַתּחַת הhope Jb 14:19 ;
voice of mirth etc. Je 25:10 ( cf. 51:55 Pi. supr. )
† ֲא ֵבדָה S 10 , 9
TWOT 2b
GK 8,9
n. f. a lost thing — abs. except Dt 22:3
— ֲא ֵבדַתEx 22:8 ; with ָמצָאLv 5:22 ,
cstr. 23 ; with ַד
אָב+ ָמצָאDt 22:3 ;—(
אבדהPr 27:20 Kt cf. ֲאבַדּוֹinfr. )
ֲאבַדֹּה S 10
TWOT 2b
GK 9
, ַדּוֹ
ֲאבS 11
TWOT 2d
GK 10
cf. אבדון infr.
† אַ ְב ָד֑ן S 12
TWOT 2c
GK 12
, & בדַן
ְ ( אָcstr. ) n. [ m. ] destruction ( Syriac )
Est 9:5 ( ֶג וְא׳
) ַמכַּת־ ֶהרֶב וְ ֶהר, 8:6 ; (on form v. BeRy ; Ol § 215 b.1
Ba NB 49, 487
).
† ֲאבַדּוֹן S 11
TWOT 2d
GK 10 , 11
n. f.
?
Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = n.pr.
(place of) Destruction, Ruin , ’Abaddôn ( cf. Jb 28:22 etc. ) — ַדּוֹן
ֲאבJb
26:6 ( + 4 times); abbrev. אבדהKt )ַדּוֹ(נ ֲאבQr † Pr 27:20 .—Place of ruin in
Sh ’ôl for lost or ruined deat, as development of earlier distinction of condition in
Sh ’ôl ( v. שׁאוֹל ְ ). Only in WisdLt Jb 31:12 ; || שׁאולJb 26:6 Pr 15:11 ; 27:20 ;
|| מותJb 28:22 ; || קברψ 88:12 .
אָבָה
† I. S 14 , 15 TWOT 3 GK 14 , 20 vb. be willing, consent ( cf. Assyrian abîtu ,
desire , Dl W , Ethiopic refuse , Arabic , id. , Nejd be willing So De Jes 3, p. 26; LCB 1880, 817
) — Qal ( c. לֹא, אַלexcept Is 1:19 Jb 39:9 ; in Hex rare & only JED, incl. Lv 26:21
B Vatican MS. of Septuagint.
Ba J. Barth, Nominalbildung .
Kt K e thibh .
BeRy Bertheau’s Comm., ed. by Ryssel.
abstr. abstract.
Qr Q e rê.
WisdLt Wisdom Literature.
So A. Socin.
De Franz Delitzsch.
Jes Jesaias.
LCB Litterarisches Centralblatt.
Hex Hexatuch.
;); Pf. אָבָה Ex 10:27 + אָבוּJu 19:25 + 7 times; אָבוּאIs 28:12 ( Sta § 31 R. 2
; Kö I ,
414
); Impf. יֹאבֶה Dt 29:19 + 2 times; 2 ms. juss. תֹּבֵא Pr 1:10 ( Sta § 143 e 1 fin
;
Kö I , 576 f
) etc.; Pt. אֹבִים Ez 3:7 ;— be willing , sq. Inf. with לEx 10:27 + 29
times; without לDt 2:30 + 8 times; subj. י׳Dt 10:10 ; 23:6 ; 29:19 Jos 24:10 2 K
8:19 ; 13:23 ; 24:4 2 Ch 21:7 ; human subj. Gn 24:5 , 8 Ju 19:10 2 S 2:21 ; 13:25 ;
14:29 ( ×2 ) ; 23:16 , 17 = 1 Ch 11:18 , 19 1 Ch 19:19 ; in bad sense Ex 10:27 Dt
2:30 ; 25:7 Ju. 19:25 ; 20:13 2 S 13:14 , 16 ; especially of perverse Isr. Lv 26:21 Dt
1:26 1 S 15:9 Is 28:12 ; 30:9 ; 42:24 Ez 3:7 ( ×2 ) ; 20:8 ; subj. animal, ֵים
רJb 39:9 ;
abs. (no Inf. ) 2 S 12:17 1 K 20:8 ; 22:50 ; cf. Pr 6:35 , of jealous man; bad sense
Ju 11:17 Is 30:15 ; good sense 1 S 22:17 ; 26:23 ; 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4 2 S 6:10 Pr
1:10 ; + vb. fin. Is 1:19 ( ֶםוּשׁ ַמ ְעתּ
ְ ) אִם תֹּאבוּconsent, yield to , sq. לוֹDt 13:9
(good sense); sq. לִי ψ 81:12 ; sq. ַל ֲע ָצתִי Pr 1:30 ; sq. acc. תּוֹ ַכ ְחתִּי v 25 (all in
bad sense).
† ֶאבְיוֹן S 34
TWOT 3a
GK 36
adj. in want, needy, poor ,—so, always abs. ,
Dt 15:4 + 40 times; ך
ָ ְ ֶאבְיֹנEx 23:6 Dt 15:11 ; ֶאבְיוֹנִיםAm 4:1 + 14 times;
) ֶאבְיֹנֵי ( ֶאבְיוֹנֵי
Ex 23:11 Is 29:19 ; ה ָ ֶאבְיוֹנֶיψ 132:15 —( Hex only JED; mostly
poet., 23 times ψ ) needy , chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7 ( ×2 ) , 9
; 24:14 ψ 109:16 (both || ענִי ָ ); elsewhere subst. ψ 49:3 ( || ;) עָשׁירDt 15:4 , 11
; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6 ; 5:12 (both || ִיק ) ַצדּ4:1 ; 8:6 (all || ) דַּלIs
32:7 ; Am 8:4 Ez 16:49 ; 18:12 ; 22:29 ψ 37:14 Jb 24:4 , 14 Pr 30:14 — cf. ψ
109:16 supr. —(all || ענִי
ָ ) Je 5:28 ( || ) יָתוֹם2:34 ; cared for by good Jb 29:16 ;
30:25 ( || ְשׁה־יוֹם
ֵ ) ק31:19 ψ 112:9 Est 9:22 ; Pr 14:31 ( || ) דַּל31:20 Je 22:16
( || ענִי
ָ ); care of them enjoined, negatively Ex 23:6 ; = cf. Dt 24:14 supr. —
positively Ex 23:11 Dt 15:11 Pr 31:9 (both || ענִי
ָ )— cf. Dt 15:7 ( ×2 )
, 9 supr.
— ψ 82:4 ( || ַל
;) דּcared for by God Je 20:13 ψ 107:41 ; 132:15 Jb 5:15 ; 1 S 2:8
= ψ 113:7 Is 14:30 (all || ַל
) דּψ 35:10 ; 140:13 (both || ) ָענִי, cf. Davidic king
ψ 72:12 ( || ענִי
ָ ) = v 4 || ( ְבּנֵי ֶאבְ׳id. ), v 13 ( ×2 ) ( || ;) דַּלneeding help ,
deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God ψ 9:19 ; 12:6 ; 40:18 =
70:6 ; 74:21 ; 86:1 ; 109:22 Is 29:19 ; 41:17 (all || ענִי ָ ) Is 25:4 ( || ) דַּלψ 69:34
; 109:31 .
† ֵא ֶב֫ה S 16
TWOT 3c
GK 15
n. [ m. ] reed, papyrus ( etymology uncertain; =
GFM G. F. Moore.
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature.
B Vulgate.
Mish. Mishna.
NHWB Levy, Neuhebr. Wörterb .
S Syriac Version.
Ri E. Riehm, Handwörterb. d. bibl. Alterth .
Thes W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae .
Ew H. Ewals.
Wetzst J. G. Wetzstein
Symm Symmachus.
dub. dubious, doubtful.
Ba J. Barth.
ZMG Zeitschrift d. deutsch. Morgenländ. Gesellschaft.
RobGes Gesenuis, Hebrew and English Lexicon, translated by E. Robinson.
Nö T. Nöldeke .
al. et aliter , and elsewhere; also et alii , and others.
nom. nomen, noun.
Jen P. Jensen.
ZA Zeitschr. für Assyriologie .
אָב S 1 , 25
TWOT 4a
GK 3
1191 n. m. father ( Ph.
אב, Assyrian abu , Arabic ,
Sab. אבCIS al. Ethiopic Aramaic ָא
iv, 1. 37 1. 2
אַבּ, ) — abs. אָבGn 44:19 + 47
times; cstr. אַבGn 17:4 , 5 ( cf. in ָם אַ ְב ָרהib. & elsewhere in n.pr. On Hal ’s
proposes ִר ֲאבv. ( ֲאבִי ;) אברהםcf. Ge §§ 90, 3 b , 96 ) Gn 4:20 + ; sf. אָבִיGn
19:34 + ( MI ך ;) אבי ָ אָבִיGn 12:1 + ; אָבִיוGn 2:24 + ; אָ ִב֫יהוּJu 14:10 + 6
times; pl. אָבוֹתEx 12:3 + ; cstr. ֲבוֹת אEx 6:25 + 7 times; sf. אֲבֹתַי ( אֲבוֹתַי,
֑ ) אֲבוֹתָיGn 47:9 + 15 times; אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם1 Ch 4:38 + 32 times (late); אֲבוֹתָםEx 4:5
+ 106 times etc.;— 1. father of individual Gn 2:24 ( + ֵם ) א11:28 , 29 ( ×2 ) ; 19:31
, 32 , 33 , + often (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 ( J ) Je 35:6 f
Pr 6:20 ( cf. Gn 18:19 J 28:1 , 6 P 1 S 17:20 1 K 2:1 ); instructing מוסרPr
1:8 ; 4:1 ( cf. Dt 8:5 ); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22 Zc 13:3 ( ×2 ) ( + ֵם )א
Is 45:10 ; cf. Gn 49:4 ( J ) Lv 18:7 , 8 , 11 ( P ); rebuking Gn 37:10 ; loving Gn
37:4 ; 44:20 (JE; cf. 22:2 ; 25:28 ; 37:3 2 S 14:1 ); pitying ψ 103:13 (in sim.
cf. 2 S 18:5 ); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf. 27:4 also 28:1 P + ); as glad Pr 10:1 ;
15:20 cf. 29:3 ; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf. 2 S 12:22 ; 19:1 , 2 f ) etc. Also as
obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 ( E ) = Dt 5:16 ; Ex 21:15 , 17 ( E ) Dt
21:18 , 19 Gn 28:7 ( P ), 50:1 , 5 1 K 19:20 (all + ֵם ( ) אJ ) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence
metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou ( ||
) ִאמִּי וַאֲחֹתי לָֽ ִרמָּה. 2. of God as father of his people ( v. RS Sem 42 ), who
constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6 Je 3:4 , 19 ;
31:9 Is 63:16 ( ×2 ) ; 64:7 Mal 1:6 ; 2:10 ( cf. Ex 4:22 ; 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11 Ho
11:1 ); cf. Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) תּ ילדתני׃ ְ ; אֹ ְמרִים ָלעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְָל ֶאבֶן אַ
especially God as father of Davidic line 2 S 7:14 ψ 89:27 ; f. of needy (late) ψ
68:6 ( cf. 103:13 ) (in n.pr. , f. of individ. , cf. infr. ) 3. head of household ,
family or clan; ִי בֵּית אָבas abode Gn 38:11 ( ×2 ) Lv 22:13 + ; = family Gn 24:40
( || ִי
ִשׁ ַפ ְחתּ
ְ ) מ41:51 ; 46:31 + cf. Nu 18:1 , 2 Jos 2:12 , 18 ; 6:25 ; especially
techn. of divisions of Isr. ָחוֹת
ִשׁפּ
ְ ְלמ בֵּית אָבNu 3:30 , 35 = a father’s house, i.e. a
family or clan; more often pl. ( אבותם, ֵית אָבוֹת ) אבותיו
= בfathers’ houses =
families, clans ( cf. Di on Ex 6:14 ) Ex 6:14 ; 12:3 Nu 1:2 , 18 ff. (often in Nu)
Jos 22:14 ( ×2 ) without ביתJos 14:1 ; 19:51 ; 21:1 ( ×2 ) (always P in Hex ); also 1
Ch 5:13 , 15 + often in Ch; cf. ָאשׁי אבות הלוים ֵ ) ר׳ בית א׳ = ( רEx 6:25 cf.
1 K 8:1 1 Ch 6:4 ; 7:11 + often Ch Ezr Ne. 4. ancestor ( a ) of individual;
grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13 ; 32:10 ( J ; where used of Abr. &
Ph. Phenician.
CIS Corpus Inscript. Semiticarum.
Hal J. Halévy.
metaph. metaphor, metaphorically.
RS W. Robertson Smith, Religion of Semites.
Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:3 ; gr.-greatgr. 1 K 15:11 , 24 etc.; cf. 2 K 14:3 ; 15:38 ;
16:2 ; 18:3 ; 22:2 ; often pl. ( = fathers, forefathers ) Gn 15:15 ; 46:34 (JE) 1 K
19:4 ; 21:3 , 4 2 K 19:12 ; 20:17 + ; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו1 K 1:21 ;
2:10 ; 11:21 ; 22:40 + ; joined with אב׳ ויקבר עם 1 K 14:31 ; 15:24 ; 22:51 2 K
8:24 ; 15:38 cf. v 7 , 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., אֲבֹתֶי ָך וַאֲבוֹת
אֲבֹתֶי ָך Ex 10:6 cf. Dn 11:24 ; ( b ) of people Gn 10:21 ( J ) 17:4 , 5 ( P )
19:37 , 38 ( J ) 36:9 , 43 ( P ) Dt 26:5 Is 51:2 ; 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁוןthy
first father , v. Che ) cf. also Ez 16:3 , 45 + often; pl. Ex 3:13 , 15 , 16 ( E )
Dt 1:8 Jos 1:6 Ju 2:1 1 S 12:6 + ; 1 S 12:15 ad fin read ֶם וּ ְב ַמ ְל ְכּכ We Dr
. 5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20 , 21 . 6. fig. of
producer, generator Jb 38:28 אָב ֑ ) הוֹלִיד ֶאְגלֵי־טָֽל׃ טִי־ || ( ֲהיֵשׁ ַל ָמּטָר. 7. fig. of
benevolence & protection Jb 29:16 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽ ֶאבְיוֹנִים, cf. 31:18 ; of Eliakim
Is 22:21 ; perhaps also of gracious Mess. king ַד ֲאבִי עIs 9:5 everlasting father (Ge
Ew De Che Brd Di )—others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br MP ). 8.
term of respect & honour ( Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope ); appl. to master 2 K 5:13 ;
priest Ju 17:10 ; 18:19 ; prophet 2 K 2:12 ( ×2 ) ; 6:21 ; 13:14 ( ×2 ) cf. 8:9 ;
counsellor Gn 45:8 ( E ; cf. δευτέρου πατρός add. Est 3:13 ; τῳ̂ πατρί 1 Mac
11:32 ); king 1 S 24:12 ; artificer 2 Ch 2:12 ; 4:16 . 9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1
Ch 2:24 , 42 ( ×2 ) etc. ( cf. Ew § 273b ). See also Ew Gesch. i. 524 H i. 365 . On the force
of אָבin proper names (in many prob. a divine title), v. Che Ency. Bib. , ABI, NAMES WITH
Nö ib., NAMES , §§ 44, 45 .
† ֲאבִי־ ַעלְבוֹן S 45
GK 50
n.pr. m. a hero of David 2 S 23:31 read ֵל
ֲאבִיאso
1 Ch 11:32 , cf. Dr S
( We S
( אבי־בעלv. sub ;) אביאלotherwise Klo S
.
† ֲאבִיאֵל S 22
GK 24
n.pr. m. ( Ēl is ( my ) father , cf. & אביהו Ph. ( אבבעל
fem. ), also אבנבעל & ; אביבעלour father etc.; Abi-ba’al KAT 2 355
; v. RS Sem
45
. Nö ZMG 1888, 480
makes אביhere, & in אביהוetc., cstr. but this seems unlikely;
Che T. K. Cheyne.
We J. Wellhousen.
Dr S. R. Driver.
Brd C. Brendenkamp.
Hi F. Hitzig.
Kn A. Knobel.
Kue A. Kuenen.
Br circa., Messianic Prophecy.
H Code of Holiness.
Ency. Bib. EB(i), q.v. .
Klo Die Bücher Sam. u. d. Könige.
cf. also אליאבetc.; views differ much as to these n.pr. and uniform interpr. is
impossible. Cf. in gen. Ol § 277 f
) . 1. Saul’s grandfather 1 S 9:1 ; 14:51 . 2. =
foregoing, 1 Ch 11:32 .
† ֲאבִיאָסָף S 23
GK 25
( my father has gathered ) son (descendant) of
n.pr. m.
Korah Ex 6:24 , Sam. אביסף, so ֶא ְביָסָף1 Ch 6:8 , 22 ; 9:19 ( cf. Nes Eg 185 ).
† ֲאבִי ֫גַיִל S 26
GK 28
( my father is joy (?) orig. )? ֲא ִבגֵל ( ? אבגלcf.
n.pr. f.
MT infr. & Nö ZMG 1883, 537 Anm2 ) 1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1 S 25:14 , 23 ,
39 , 40 , 42 ; 27:3 ; 30:5 2 S 2:2 1 Ch 3:1 ; = בַגיִל ִ ֲא1 S 25:3 , 36 ֲאבִוַ֯גיִלv
֑ ֲאבִיגv 32 , ֲאבִיגַ֯ ִל2 S 3:3 . 2. sister of David 1 Ch 2:16 , 17 = ֲאבִיגַל
18 , ָל
17:25 .
† ֲאבִידָע S 28
GK 30
n.pr. m. ( my father took knowledge ) a son of Midian Gn
25:4 1 Ch 1:33 . Cf. Sab. אבידע, Hal MA 192, 202 , also ידעאב, DHM ZMG ’83, 399
.
† ֲא ִב ֫יָּהוּ S 29
GK 32
n.pr. m. & f. ( Yah ( u ) is ( my ) father ) —so † 2 Ch
13:20 , 21 = ֲא ִביָּם † 1 K 14:31 ; 15:1 , 7 ( ×2 )
, 8 ( Αβιου, Αβια ); =
ֲאבִי † 2 K 18:2 ( Αβου, Αβουθ ); = ביָּה ִ ֲא1 S 8:2 + 22 times— 1. king of
Judah, son & successor of Rehoboam 1 K 14:31 ; 15:1 , 7 ( ×2 ) , 8 1 Ch 3:10 2
Ch 11:20 , 22 ; 12:16 ; 13:1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 . 2. 2nd
son of Samuel 1 S 8:2 1 Ch 6:13 . 3. son of Jerob. I 1 K 14:1 . 4. son of Becher, a
Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8 . 5. head of a priestly house 1 Ch 24:10 . 6. id. Ne 10:8 ; 12:4 ,
17 . 7. wife of Hezron 1 Ch 2:24 . 8. mother of Hezekiah 2 K 18:2 2 Ch 29:1 .
† ֲאבִי ַח֫יִל S 32
GK 38
( my father is might , Sab. אבחילHal MA
n.pr. m. & f.
234
) —prob. = ֲאבִי ַהיִל2 Ch 11:18 , ֲאבִי ָה֑יִל1 Ch 2:29 — 1. a Levite Nu 3:35 . 2.
a Gadite 1 Ch 5:14 . 3. father of Esther Est 2:15 ; 9:29 . 4. wife of Abishur 1 Ch
2:29 . 5. wife of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:18 .
† ִיטוּב ֲאבS 36 GK 39
n.pr. m. ( my father is goodness ) son of Shaharaim, a
Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11 .
† ֲאבִי ָט֑ל S 37
GK 40
n.pr. f. ( my father is ( the ) dew ) a wife of David 2 Ch
3:4 1 Ch 3:3 — ביָּם
ִ ֲאv. ֲא ִביָּ֫הוּ.
† ֲאבִי ָמאֵל S 39
GK 42
n.pr. m. ( a father is Ēl ; South-Arabic name ) son of
Joktan Gn 10:28 1 Ch 1:22 . Cf. Sab. ֿתר אבמעת, Abmi ‛Aṯtar a father is ‛Aṯtar
([ ] עשׁתרv. ַשׁתֹּרֶת
ְ) ע Hal M 86
, DHM ZMG 1883, 18
.
ֲאבִי ֶ ֫מ ֶל ְך S 40
GK 43
n.pr. m. ( Melek ( ְ ֲאבִי ֶמ֑ ֶל
= Malik, Molech) is father ) — ך
Gn 20:18 + — 1. king of Gerar Gn 20:2 , 3 , 4 + , 21:22 , 25 ( ×2 ) + , 26:1 , 8
(24 times Gn). † 2. king of Gath ψ 34:1 error for ִישׁ אָב, cf. 1 S 21:11f ;—a better
known Philist. name substituted for a less known ( Hup 3 ). > Others ( Thes Ol De
MV ) think a title of Philist. kings, cf. Pharaoh. 3. son of Gideon Ju 8:31 ; 9:1 , 3 ,
4 + , 10:1 (40 times Ju), 2 S 11:21 . † 4. priest, son of Abiathar 1 Ch 18:16 error
for ך
ְ ֲאחִי ֶמ ֶלq.v. ( Sab. also n.pr. f. Osiander ZMG 1865, 209 ).
ֲאבִינֵר S 74
GK ( my father is Nêr , or is a lamp cf. 2 S 21:17 ;
46
n.pr. m.
according to Lag BN 75 = ֶן
) בֶּן = ( ֲאב+ = נֵרson of Ner; cf. Αβεννηρ )
—so only 1 S 14:50 , elsewhere בנֵר
ְ — אַcousin of Saul, and captain of his host 1 S
( ×3 )
14:50 , 51 ; 17:55 + 52 times 1 & 2 S + 1 K 2:5 , 32 1 Ch 26:28 ; 27:21 .
† ֲאבִי ֶע֫זֶר S 44
GK 48
n.pr. m. ( my father is help ) — = אִי ֶעזֶר Nu 26:30 — 1.
a Manassite, called ‘son’ of Gilead Nu 26:30 ( cf. Di ) Jos 17:2 Ju 6:34 ; 8:2 ;
and son of Gil.’s sister 1 Ch 7:18 . 2. a Benjamite, a warrior of David 2 S 23:27 1
Ch 11:28 ; 27:12 .
† ֲאבִי ָה ֶעזְרִי adj. gent. Abiezrite Ju 6:11 , 24 ; 8:32 = אִי ֶעזְרִי Nu 26:30 .
† ֲאבִירָם S 48
GK 53
n.pr. m.( ( the ) Exalted One is ( my ) father ( v. Bae Rel
156
) cf. Assyrian Aburamu (?) KAT 2 479 cf. Dl L 2, p. 91, 1. 225 ) . 1. a Reubenite,
son of Eliab Nu 16:1 , 12 , 24 , 25 , 27 ( ×2 ) ; 26:9 Dt 11:6 ψ 106:17 . 2. son of
Hiel the Bethelite 1 K 16:34 . Cf. also following.
אַ ְברָם S 87
GK 92
n.pr. m. ( id. , Thes al. exalted father ) Abram Gn 11:26 ,
27 + 57 times Gn (to 17:5 ) + 1 Ch 1:27 Ne 9:7 ; = אַ ְב ָרהָםAbraham Gn 17:5 ,
9 , 15 + 172 times OT . ( אברהםconnected Gn 17:5 by word-play with הםof
; המוןreally = רום — אברם
רהםwhich however is not found in Heb. — cf.
=
Di > Hal RÉJ who proposes ַם גּוֹיִם
1887, 177 f
ֲאבִר הcf. Gn 49:24 with Is 41:21 ;
so that ָם
ֲאבִר הchief of multitude is the new name of Gn 17:5 ( ) המה √ ) הָם.
Spiegelberg Randglossen 14 cp. Pal. n.pr. geogr. ḥḳr’ ’ brru = ( חקל אברםc.
Egyptian art. masc.), in Sheshonk list. As regards etym., Nö l.c. al. expl. as ‘the
father [a divine title] is exalted’ ( cf. ָם
יְהוֹר, ַמ ְלכִּירָם, ) [ ֲא]חִירָם.
×3 three times.
gent. gentis , of a people, gentilicium .
Bae F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur Semitischen Religionsgenschichte
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyriche Lesestücke .
RÉJ Revue des Études Juives .
cp. compare.
geogr. geography
l.c. in loco citato.
† ִישׁג
ַ ֲאבS 49 GK 54 n.pr. f. ( my father is a wanderer ( ) ?) שׁגגa handmaid of
David 1 K 1:3 , 15 ; 2:17 , 21 , 22 .
† ֲאבִישׁוּ ַע S 50
GK ( my father is rescue , or is opulence ( cf. שׁוֹ ַע
55
n.pr. m.
rich Jb 34:19 ; also ע
ַ שׁוּJb 36:19 ? but v. ;) שׁועLag BN 75 thinks from = ( ֲאבֶן
) בֶּן+ שׁועcf. Αβεσσουε 1 Ch 8:4 ) 1. a son of Phinehas 1 Ch 5:30 , 31 ;
6:35 Ezr 7:5 . 2. a Benjamite, son of Bela 1 Ch 8:4 .
† ֲאבִישׁוּר S 51
GK 56
n.pr. m. ( my father is a wall , Sab. אבשור Hal MA 148
ִישׁי
ַ ֲאב S 52
GK 57
n.pr. m. ( my father is Jesse; Lag BN 75 thinks from = ( ֲאבֶן
) בֶּן+ ישׁיcf. Αβεσσα[ι] 1 S 26:6 ) — א׳1 S 26:6 ( ×2 ) + 17 times 1 & 2 S
= ְשׁיַ אַב2 S 10:10 + 5 times 1 Ch.—grandson of Jesse; son of Zeruiah & brother of
Joab 1 S 26:6 ( ×2 )
, 7 , 8 , 9 2 S 2:18 , 24 + 20:6 (where read יואב S Th We
Dr ) + 12 times 2 S + 20:7 (where insert אבישׁי We Dr ) + 5 times 1 Ch.
ִישׁלוֹם
ָ ֲאב S 53
GK( my father is peace; according to Lag BN 75 =
58
n.pr. m.
(בֶּנ) ֲאבֶן+ ָשׁלֹם, cf. Αβεσσαλωμ ) — † א׳1 K 15:2 , 10 = ְשׁלוֹם ָ אַב2 S
3:3 + , 2 Ch 11:20 , 21 , ְשׁלֹם
ָ אַב2 S 13:4 + — 1. Rehob.’s father-in-law † 1 K
15:2 , 10 2 Ch 11:20 , 21 . 2. 3rd son of Dvd 2 S 3:3 ; 13:1 + 90 times 2 S (insert
2 S 13:27 Th We cf. Dr ; del. v 38 Dr cf. We ), + † 1 K 1:6 ; 2:7 ,
2 1 Ch 3:2 ψ 3:1 .
ֶא ְביָתָר S 54
GK 59
n.pr. m. ( the Great One is father (?) so Bä Rel. 156
, cf. Sab.
) ותרa priest, son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:20 , 21 , 22 ; 23:6 , 9 ; 30:7 ( ×2 )
2 S 8:17
(read אב׳ בן־אחמלךso S We Dr ) + 22 times 2 S 1 K 1 Ch.
Th O. Thenius.
Dvd David.
Bä K. C. Bähr.
† אֲבוֹיS 17
TWOT 3d
GK 16
interj. exclam. of pain, Oh ! Pr 23:29 ( || אוֹיwoe! ).
Prob. akin to Syriac alas …! PS 53
( AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from ָה
אָב,
cf. ) ֶאבְיוֹן.
( אבחDl BD
Ez. x, Pr 75 comp. Assyrian [ abâḫu ], torment , but dub. )
[ ָה
ִא ְבחS 19
TWOT 786b
GK 18
] n. f. cstr. ִא ְבחַת ָחרֶבEz 21:20 ; Dl , as
above, slaughter; but prob. error for ( טבחתv. ) טבחGes Co ; σφάγια
ῥομφαίας , cf. .
אָבִי S 15
TWOT 3
GK 20 , 21
v. ביי, בי. ( אָבִי1 K 21:29 ) v. בּוֹא.
ֲאבִי S 21 , 33
GK 23
v. ֲא ִביָּהוּsub II. אבה.
ֲא ִביָּה S 29
GK 31
v. ֲא ִביָּהוּsub II. אבה.
ֲאבִי ַהיִל S 32
GK 35
v. ֲאבִי ַחיִלsub II. אבה.
ֶאבְיוֹן S 34
TWOT 3a
GK 36
, ָה
ֲאבִיּוֹנS 35
TWOT 3b
GK 37
v. I. ָה
אָב.
ֲא ִביָּם S 38
GK 41
v. ֲא ִביָּהוּsub II. אבה.
ֶא ְביָסָף S 43
GK 47
v. ֲאבִיאָסָףsub II. אבה.
† I. אָבַלS 56
TWOT 6
GK 61 , 62
39 vb. mourn ( Assyrian [ abâlu ] v. Dl
W
)—
Qal Pf. אָבַל Is 24:7 + 2 times etc. Impf. 3 fs. ֶתּ ֱאבַל Ho 4:3 + 3 times— mourn,
lament (poet. & higher style); abs. , human subj. Jo 1:9 Am 8:8 ; 9:5 Is 19:8 ( || אנה
) cf. Jb 14:22 (subj. ְשׁוֹ
;) נַפsq. על Ho 10:5 ; more often fig. , inanim. subj., gates Is
3:26 ; land 24:4 ; 33:9 Ho 4:3 Jo 1:10 Je 4:28 ( sq. ) על12:4 ; 23:10 cf. 12:11 (
sq. ) על, יְהוּדָה14:2 ; pastures Am 1:2 . Hithp. — Pf. ֵל ִהתְאַבּ1 S 15:35 ; Impf.
יִתְאַ ָבּ֑לEz 7:12 , 27 ; וַיִּתְאַבֵּלGn 37:34 + 3 times etc.; Imv. fs. ִהתְאַ ְבּלִי2 S 14:2 ;
Pt. ֵל ִמתְאַבּ1 S 16:1 + 2 times etc.;— mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, sq.
עלGn 37:34 2 S 13:37 ; 14:2 ; 19:2 ( || ) בכה2 Ch 35:24 , cf. also Is 66:10 (over
Jerusalem); abs. 1 Ch 7:22 ; cf. 2 S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress);
over unworthy Saul sq. ֶל
א1 S 15:35 ; 16:1 ; over sin sq. עלEzr 10:6 cf. ( abs. )
Ne 8:9 ; judgment of י׳Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39 Ez 7:27 ( del. B
Co ); sq. כִּי 1 S 6:19 ; calamity Ne 1:4 Ez 7:12 cf. Dn 10:2 . Hiph. Pf. ֶה ֱא ַב ְלתִּי
Ez 31:15 ; Impf. וַיַּ ֲאבֶל־La 2:8 ;— cause to mourn; Ez 31:15 abs. MT , but A B
Co obj. תהוםsq. על, caused the deep to mourn over; La 2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both
these fig. ; cf. Qal).
† ֵ ֫אבֶל S 60
TWOT 6a
GK 65
n. m. Gn 50:11 mourning — abs. Gn 50:10 +
Imv. Imperative.
A Alexandrine MS. of Setpuagint.
contr. contract, contracted.
Bi G. Bickell.
א׳ Ec 7:2 ( || בּ׳ ִשׁתֶּה
ְ מ, v 4 ( || ָה
ִשׂ ְמח ִבְּגדֵי א׳ ;) בּ׳garments of mourning 2S
14:2 .
† I. ֵל
אָבS 57 , 58 , 59
TWOT 6b , 7a
GK 63 , 64
adj. mourning — א׳Gn 37:35 Est
6:12 ; cstr. ֶל־
ֲאבψ 35:14 ; ֲא ֵבלִיםJb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 (
cp. 50:11 ), calamity Est 6:12 ; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as
subst. mourner; sg. ψ 35:14 ( cstr. ) for dead ( || ; קדרpl. Jb 29:25 abs. ; for
calamity Is 57:18 ; 61:2 , 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di ).
II. אבלTWOT 7
( perhaps grow green , cf. grass; Lag BN 45
proposes withstand ,
hence בלֵ אָas withstanding scorching sun (protected by trees, springs, hence also ( Lag )
camel . conject. very dub. ; connex. ( Lag ) of withstand , with herbage, forage
(sometimes dry ) improb., and of latter with herd of camels obscure; √ meaning grow
green unattested; Syriac , , Talm ָא יְַבל, Pun. ιεβαλ , ‘ grass ,’ appar. = a specific kind
of fodder, ἄγρωστις , v. Löw Nö 141
( GFM , privately). )
† II. אָבֵל S 57 , 58 , 59
TWOT 6b , 7a
GK 63 , 64
n. f. 1. meadow (?) 1 S 6:18 MT
but read ֶן
ֶאבcf. v 14 , 15 S We Dr 2. n.pr.loc. city in N. Isr. 1 S 20:18 ,
near Beth Maacah v 14 = ָה אָבֵל בֵּית ַמ ֲעכv 15 (so also v 14 Ew Th We
Klo Dr ), 1 K 15:20 2 K 15:29 ; = מיִם ַ א׳2 Ch 16:4 ( = Abil el Ḳamḥ wheat-
meadow NW. of Dan. & S. of Mutulleh Rob BR III, 372 ). 3. ִים ַשּׁטִּ אָבֵל הn.pr.loc. (
= acacia-meadow ) in lowlands of Moab Nu 33:49 ; = ִים ִשׁטּNu 25:1 Mi 6:5 ( =
Tel Kefrein (?) Tristr & Merrill PESoc 4th Statement, 89
). 4. ִים
אָבֵל ְכּ ָרמn.pr.loc. ( =
vineyard-meadow ) in Ammon Ju 11:33 ( v. Euseb. Αβελαμπελων ). 5. ֵל אָב
מְחוֹלָהn.pr.loc. ( = dance-meadow ) Ju 7:22 1 K 4:12 ; Elisha’s birthplace 19:16
( v Euseb. Αβελμαελαι ). 6. ריִם ַ אָבֵל ִמ ְצn.pr.loc. ( = meadow of Egypt , i.e.
sg. singular.
Lag P. de Lagarde.
Talm ?Talmud.
Löw J. Löw, Aramäische Pflanzennamen .
n.pr.loc. nomen proprium loci, proper name of place.
Rob E. Robinson, Biblical Resarches.
Tristr H. B. Tritram.
PESoc American Palestine Explor. Society.
fertile as Egypt?) E. of Jordan Gn 50:11 (where interpr. as if ם׳ ֵאבֶל, so B ;
v. Di ).
III. אבלTWOT 7
( cf. Arabic able to manage camels , from , coll. , Sab. אבל
camel DHM ZMG 1883, 329
).
† אוֹבִיל S 179
GK 201
n.pr. m. ( ? camel-driver GFM (privately) queries
whether, if genuine, name may not be theophoric ( x + īl ), poss. error for ֵל
; אַ ְד ְבּאor
Aramaic Aph. from ( יבלwhich in any case may have influenced pronunciation). ) ,
overseer of David’s camels 1 Ch 27:30 .
ֻאבָל S 180
TWOT 835g
GK 67
, ַל
אוּבS 180
TWOT 835g
GK 67
v. יבל.
ֶ ֫אבֶןS 68 , 69
TWOT 2556 , 9
GK 74
274 n. f. Gn 29:2 ( m. 1 S 17:40 ?) stone (
adv. adverb.
Qor Qoran.
D G. Dalman, usu. circa., Aramäisches-Neuhebräisches Wörterbuch ;
) Gn 28:18 ; 35:14 (anointed with oil), 28:22 ( = ֵל ) בֵּיתאcf. ִשׂ ָראֵל (רֹעֶה)א׳
ְ יGn
49:24 ( v. Di ); as witness 31:45 cf. Jos 24:26 , 27 (all JE); pl. gathered into heap (
) גַּלover dead, Jos 7:26 ( v. Di ) 8:29 cf. 10:18 , 27 (JE) 2 S 18:17 ; גַּלon which
meal was eaten, in a compact Gn 31:46 ( ×2 ) (JE); built into altar Ex 20:25 Dt 27:5 , 6
(JED) Jos 8:31 1 K 18:31 , 32 , 38 ; cf. 2 K 23:15 Klo (for ;) הבמהof figured
stone (forbidden) כּית
ִ ַשׂ
ְמ א׳ Lv 26:1 ( H ); גדולה א׳where ark rested 1 S 6:14 , 15
also v 18 ( MT אבלq.v. ); ( v. for other noteworthy stones 9. infr. ) 2. stone, as
material , of tablets Ex 24:12 ; 31:18 ; 34:1 ( pl. ) v 4 ( ×2 ) (JE) Dt 4:13 ; 5:19 ; 9:9 ,
10 , 11 ; 10:1 , 3 ; of vessels, hence prob. Ex 7:19 ( P ; = א׳vessels of stone || ) עצים
v. Di ; idols ( || ) עץDt 4:28 ; 28:36 , 64 ; 29:16 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19 ; also Je
3:9 Ez 20:32 ; pavement 2 K 16:17 ; edifice 1 K 6:7 cf. Gn 11:3 ; also 2 S 5:11 2 K
12:13 1 Ch 22:15 ; often pl. of (worked) stones Lv 14:40 , 42 ( ×2 ) , 43 , 45 ( P ; in
wall of house) 2 K 22:6 + , cf. of city-wall Ne 3:35 ; of (ruined) city 1 K 15:22 Ne
3:34 ; tomb Is 14:19 ; ָרוֹת ( ֲא ָבנִים יְקcostly building-stones) 1 K 5:31 ; 7:9 , 10 , 11 (
v. also sub 3 ); בנֵי־
ְאַ ַשׁיִשׁ = marble ( v. ) 1 Ch 29:2 ; גָזִית = אַ ְבנֵיhewn stones
1 K 5:31 1 Ch 22:2 Ez 40:42 (for altar-tables),— cf. א׳ ַמ ְחצֵב ; גָּזִית2 K 12:13 ;
22:6 2 Ch 34:11 ; foundation-stone, corner-stone Is 28:16 Je 51:26 Jb 38:6 ψ 118:22
; cap-stone, completing the building, ִאשֹׁנָה הָא׳ ָהרZc 4:7 (but v. רֹאשׁ ִפּנָּהψ
118:22 as above), Zc 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes , prob. refers to this cap- or head-
stone; the eyes are symbol of God’s watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found
in Orient, v. Guthe ZPV 1890, 129 ; stone-cutters ָשׁי א׳
ֵ ָחר2 S 5:11 1 Ch 22:15 ; חֹ ְצבֵי
הָא׳ 2 K 12:13 cf. 1 Ch 22:2 . 3. precious stone , gen. with modifying word ָה
א׳ יְ ָקר
coll. 2 S 12:30 1 K 10:2 + often ( v. 2 ); ַם
הַשֹּׁה א׳ Gn 2:12 ( J ) cf. Ex 25:7 ;
28:9 ; 35:9 , 27 ; 39:6 ( P ) 1 Ch 29:2 ; ִים
ִמ ֻלּא א׳Ex 25:7 ; 35:9 , 27 cf. 1 Ch 29:2
; ִיר
א׳ ַספּEz 1:26 ; 10:1 ; אַ ְבנֵי ֶא ְקדָּחIs 54:12 ; א׳ ֵחפֶץib. ; אַ ְבנֵי פוּ ְך וְ ִר ְקמָה1 Ch
29:2 ; ֵן
א׳ חPr 17:8 ; on ( אַ ְבנֵי אֵשׁstones of fire ) Ez 28:14 , 16 as precious stones =
Assyrian aban išâti (?) v. Dl Pa 118 & W 40 ; but Sm al. thunderbolts; also without
distinctive modifie Ex 25:7 ; 35:9 ; ַשׁ א׳ ָחרengraver in stone Ex 28:11 cf. 31:5 ;
35:33 ( P ). † 4. stones containing metal , = ore , Dt 8:9 ( v. Di ) Jb 28:2 cf. v. 3
. † 5. a weight , as orig. stone ( v. Pr 27:3 cf. Eng. weight stone = 14 lb) ִיס
אַ ְבנֵי־כ
Pr 16:11 ( cf. Assyrian Dl W 38
); ך
ְ ַה ֶמּ ֶל א׳ 2 S 14:26 (i.e. according to royal standard;
cf. COT Gn 23:16 ); א׳ וָא׳Dt 25:13 Pr 20:10 , 23 (i.e. different weights, for
dishonest use); ָה
ִמ ְרמ כִּיס אַ ְבנֵי Mi 6:11 ; just weights ֶק
אַ ְבנֵי־ ֶצדLv 19:36 ; ְשׁ ֵלמָה א׳
אַ ְבנֵט S 73
TWOT 256a
GK 77
v. בנט.
אַ ְבנֵר S 74
GK 79
v. ֲאבִינֵרsub II. אָבָה.
† אֵבוּס S 18
TWOT 10a
GK 17
n. m. Pr 14:4 crib ( = feeding-trough , on
form v. Ges § 84 a 12. R.
) of ass Is 1:3 ( cstr. ); oxen Pr 14:4 ( abs. ); אִם־יָלִין
עַל־אֲבוֶּ ֑ס ָך Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox).
† [ ֲבוּס
ַמאS 3965
TWOT 10b
GK 4393
] n. [ m. ] granary ( = place of fodder; ?
Assyrian bît abûsâti Dl W 46
) pl. sf. ַמ ֲא ֻבסֶי ָה Je 50:26 .
ֲא ַב ְעבֻּעֹת S 76
TWOT 217a
GK 81
v. בוע.
( אבץmeaning unknown ) .
ֶ ֫אבS
† [ ֶץ 77
GK 82
֑אָבJos 19:20 .
] n.pr.loc. city in Issachar, ֶץ
† ִא ְבצָן S 78
GK 83
n.pr. m. judge of Isr. Ju 12:8 , 10 ( Lag GN 1891, 19
( ֲא)בֶן
צָן, Αβεσσαν , S ).
אבקTWOT 11
( Arabic run away ( cf. Lag BN 51
)).
† אָבָק S 80
TWOT 11a
GK 85
n. m. Ez 26:10 dust — א׳Dt 28:24 + 3 times;
cstr. ֲאבַק Na 1:3 ; sf. ֲא ָבקָם Ez 26:10 — dust ( ?fleeing, flying; syn. ָר
= ָעפoften
dust lying on or composing ground ) Ex 9:9 Ez 26:10 Dt 28:24 ( || ָר
) ָעפIs 5:24
( || ָק
) מ29:5 ( || ;) מֹץfig. of clouds under Yahweh’s feet Na 1:3 .
† [ ָה
ֲא ָבקS 81
TWOT 11b
GK 86
or ָה
] אַ ְבקn. f. prob. coll. , cstr. רוֹכֵל
אַ ְבקַת Ct 3:6 powders of merchant = scent-powders. (On formation cf. Lag BN 81
.)
† [ ַק
אָבS 79
TWOT 12
GK 84
] vb. denom.Niph. wrestle ( = get dusty , cf.
κόνις, κονίω , v. also Str Pirke Aboth, I, 4
ַבּ ֲעפַר ַרגְלֵיהֶם ִמתְאַבֵּק = sit at their feet;
pass. passive.
others, e.g. Di , comp. ) חבק. וַיֵּאָבֵק עִם Gn 32:25 ; Inf. sf. עִם ְבּ ֵה ֽאָבְקוֹ v 26
.
אברTWOT 13
( cf. Assyrian abâru , be firm, strong Dl W
)
† ֵ ֫אבֶר S 83
TWOT 13a
GK 88
n. [ m. ] pinions (from strength, poet. & fig. ,
† ֶא ְברָה S 84
TWOT 13a
GK 89
n. f. pinion ( nom. unit ., poet.) of ostrich Jb
39:13 ; ָתוֹ
ֶא ְברof eagle, sim. for י׳Dt 32:11 ; metaph. of י׳ψ 91:4 ; ֶאבְרוֹתֶי ָהof
dove ψ 68:14 ; (all || ) כּנף.
† [ ַר
אָבS 82
TWOT 13b
GK 87
] vb. denom. Hiph. fly ( = move pinions ); of
hawk ֶר־נֵץ
יַ ֲאבJb 39:26 .
† [ ִיר
אָבS 46
TWOT 13c
GK 51
] adj. strong ; always = subst. the Strong , old
name for Good (poet.); only cstr. in ֲקֹב
ֲאבִיר יַעGn 49:24 & thence ψ 132:2 , 5
Is 49:26 ; 60:16 ; ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ א׳ יIs 1:24 ( cf. Che crit. n.)— Ba NB 51
assigns this cstr.
to ִיר
אַבּ.
† אַבִּיר S 47
TWOT 13d
GK 52
adj. mighty, valiant — א׳Jb 34:20 + Is 10:13
Kt ( Qr ִיר ; ַכּבּcstr. id. 1 S 21:8 ; pl. אַבִּירִיםJb 24:22 + ;— mighty (always =
subst. & poet. except 1 S 21:8 ). 1. men Jb 24:22 ( = violent ) 34:20 1 S 21:8
(read ִים
א׳ ָה ָרצGr Dr , cf. 22:17 ; but Lag Probebibel אֹבִיל ָה ֲעיָרִיםv. Id. BN 45 ;
Klo ) גִּבּוֹר, La 1:15 ; ֵב
אַבִּירֵי לstout of heart Is 46:12 ( = obstinate ) ψ 76:6 . 2.
angels ψ 78:25 ( cf. 103:20 ). 3. animals; bull, sim. of king of Assyrian Is 10:13
(read ִיר
& כְּאַבּv. Di ); elsewhere pl. ; metaph. for enemies ָשׁן ָ אַבִּירֵי בψ 22:13
( || ;) פּריםfor princes ψ 68:31 ; for Edomites Is 34:7 ; hence even as sacrif. ψ 50:13
Str H. L. Strack.
nom. unit nom. unitatis, noun of singular or individual meaning.
Gr H. Grätz.
( || ַתּוּדִים
;) עof horses Ju 5:22 Je 8:16 ; 46:15 ; 47:3 ; 50:11 but Je 46:15 many
MSS. Aq Symm Theod B ָ ֑ אַבִּי ֶרthy bull , i.e. Apis
many moderns read ך
אַ ְב ָרהָם S 85
TWOT 4b
GK 90
v. אַ ְברָםsub II. אבה.
אַ ְברָם S 87
GK 92
, ְשׁי
ַ אַבS 52
GK 93
v. ֲאבִירָם, ִישׁי
ַ ֲאבsub II. אבה.
ְשׁלוֹם
ָ אַב S 53
GK 94
, ְשׁלֹם
ָ אַבv. ִישׁלוֹם
ָ ֲאבsub II. אבה.
( אגאcf. Arabic flee Frey ) . Authority for Arabic vb. flee is slender, but word
occurs as n.pr. mont., and elsewhere ( GFM , privately).
Aq Aquila.
Theod Theodotion.
Spr Sprache, or Sprüche .
RA Revue Archéologique.
Cook Stanley A. Cook.
Say A. H. Sayce.
Dr S. R. Driver, Text of Samuel.
† ֲאגָגִי S 91 GK 98 adj. gent. of Haman ( = Amalekite? so Jew. trad. & cf. Jos
Ant. xi, 6, 5
Est 3:1 , 10 ; 8:3 , 5 ; 9:24
אגדTWOT ( bind , so
15
Talm אָגַד, Aramaic ֲאגַד. Aramaic ( א׳Talm , once,
Levy ) prob. Hebraism. )
† ֲאֻגדָּה S 92
TWOT 15a
GK 99
n. f. band ( Mishn. אֲגוּדָּה cf. NHWB ) 1.
pl. cstr. ֲאגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָהbands, thongs (fastening ox-bow) metaph. of fetters of
slavery Is 58:6 . 2. ֵזוֹב
ֲאֻגדַּת אbunch of hyssop Ex 12:22 . 3. א׳abs. band of men (
cf. ֶל
ֶחב. Eng. band ) 2 S 2:25 . 4. ֲאֻגדָּתוֹvault of the heavens (as fitted together,
constructed, cf. Arabic ) Am 9:6 .
† אֱגוֹז S 93
TWOT 16
GK 100
n. [ m. ] nuts ( coll.( NH id. , אַמְגּוֹזָא, Arabic
, Ethiopic Aramaic , ֱגוּזָא
; אcf. Pers. , whence prob. ֱגוֹז
אas loan-word ) Ct 6:11 .
אגלTWOT 17
( Hoffm Hiob. 86
comp. Arabic restrict , Ethiopic a certain one (name
withheld ), etc. )
ֵ ֫אגֶל S 96
TWOT 17a
GK 103
n. [ m. ] usually trans. drop , ט֑ל
ָ ֶאְגלֵי־dew-drops
Jb 38:28 ( || ָר ) ָמטso Vrss De Di ; Hoffm ‘ Rückstände ,’ ‘ Ansammlungen ,’
i.e. collections, stores, reserve-supply .
† ֶאְג ַל֫יִם S 97
GK 104
n.pr.loc. town in Moab Is 15:8 ; (meaning?);? cf.
Onom. 228, 98; ed. 2, p. 244
Αἰγαλειμ (Euseb.) 9 m. S. of Areopolis; v. Lag .
אגםTWOT 18
( troubled, sad , Assyrian agâmu
Dl W cf. Arabic loathe; also
marshy jungle ; Arabic also = spoil (of water); cf. = pool, reed-bed (also tangled
thicket , etc.) Lane, and marsh Dozy i. 11 . ) cf. עגם.
† [ ֵם
אָגS 99
TWOT 18b
GK 108
] adj. sad ( cf. Mish. ) אַגְמֵי־נֶפֶשׁ Is 19:10 .
† [ ָן
אַגּS 101
TWOT 20a
GK 110
] n. [ m. ] bowl, basin ( Talm . אוֹגָן, Aramaic
אַָגּנָא, ; Arabic , vessel in which clothes are washed; Assyrian ( pl. ) aganâtē Dl W )
. 1. basins used in ritual אַגָּנֹתEx 24:6 ( E ). 2. ַר אַגַּן ַה ַסּה, sim. of curves of body
Ct 7:3 . 3. metaph. of family of Eliakim. ָאַגָּנוֹת = ְכּלֵי הbasin-vessels Is 22:24 (
= bowl-shaped vessels Che ) opp. ֵי ; ַהנְּ ָכלִים ְכּלboth || ְכּלֵי ַה ָקּטָן.
אגףTWOT 21
( Assyrian stem of agappu , wing , cf. Dl W
)
† [ ַף
ֲאגS 102
TWOT 21a
GK 111
] n. [ m. ] band, army ( loan-word, orig. wing
of army; Assyrian agappu , Aramaic אגף, wing . Others, from גפף, Sta § 256 b
)—
All Ez. & all pl. (or du. ?) ך
ָ ֲאגַפֶּיEz 38:9 ; 39:4 ; ֲאגַפָּיו12:14 + 3 times; ה
ָ ֲאגַפֶּי
38:6 (all c. כָּל־except 38:22 )— bands, armies of king of Judah Ez 12:14 ; 17:21
; hordes ( RV ) of Gog 38:9 , 22 ; 39:4 ; specif. of ֶר
גֹּמ38:6 ; of תּוֹגַ ְרמָהib.
אָגוּר S 94
GK 101
n.pr. m. ( perhaps hireling , Arabic Aramaic ֲאגִירָא, v. PS ,
Assyrian agîru , cf. Hpt BAS i. 124
; others gatherer , from I. ) אגרson of ֶה
יָק, an
author of proverbs Pr 30:1 .
† [ ָה
אֲגוֹרS 95
TWOT 23a
GK 102
] n. f. payment , ֶף
ֶכּס אֲגוֹרַת 1 S 2:36 .
ִאגֶּ֫רֶת S 107
TWOT 23b
GK 115
n. f. letter, letter-missive ( late, prob. loan-word,
Assyrian egirtu Dl W
) — abs. Ne 2:8 + 2 times; cstr. Est 9:29 ; pl. ִאגְּרוֹת abs.
2 Ch 30:1 + 3 times; cstr. Ne 2:9 ; ֶם ִאגְּרֹתֵיהNe 6:17 — letter , especially royal
letter 2 Ch 30:1 , 6 Ne 2:7 , 8 , 9 ; but also others Ne 6:5 , 17 , 19 Es 9:26 , 29
( || ֶר
ֵספvv 20 , 30 ; other syn. ִמ ְכתָּב, ִשׁ ְתּוָן
ְ נq.v. )
ֶאגְרֹף S 106
TWOT 385a
GK 114
v. גרף.
אֵד S 108
TWOT 38d
GK 116
, אוֹדוֹת, אֹדוֹתS 182
TWOT 38b
GK 128
v. אוד.
†[ אָדַבS 109
TWOT 24
GK 117
] vb. grieve ; Hiph. inf. ְל ַה ֲאדִיב = ( ַל ֲאדִיב Ges
§ 53.3.R 7
) to cause to grieve 1 S 2:33 . (But Dr proposes הדִיב
ָ ְלfrom דובq.v. )
† אַ ְד ְבּאֵל S 110
GK 118
n.pr. m. 3rd son of Ishmael ( cf. Arabic invite,
discipline ? ) Gn 25:13 1 Ch 1:29 ( Assyrian Idiba’il etc., name of north. Arabic
tribe Dl Pa 301
; cf. Minæan אדבלDHM in MV ) .
Palm. Palmyrene.
BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie u. Semit. Sprachwissenschaft , edd. Dl. & Hpt.
? ( אדדcf. Arabic strength ) .
† אִדּוֹ S 112
TWOT 26e
GK 120
n.pr. m. a chief Israelite Ezr 8:17
( ×2 )
.
ֲאדַד S 111
GK 119
n.pr. m. v. הדד.
I. אדםTWOT 25 , 26
( cf. Assyrian [ adâmu ] make, produce (?) Dl W & Pr 104
).
ֲא ָדמָהS 127 , 128 TWOT 25b GK 141 , 142 224 n. f. ground, land ( as titlled , Ger.
bebaut ? Dl Pr 105 , but Fleisch. (Merx Archiv I, 236 f ) comp. Arabic skin , as smoothly
covering & close-fitting; √ דםcf. Arabic smear (spread over surface); cf. also Nö
ZMG 1886, 737
) — א׳Gn 1:25 + ; cstr. אַ ְדמַתGn 47:20 + ; sf. אַ ְד ָמתִיJb 31:38 +
2 times etc.; pl. אדָמוֹת
ֲ ψ 49:12 — 1. ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance) Gn 2:5
, 9 ; 3:17 , 23 ; 4:2 , 3 , 12 ; 5:29 ; 8:21 ; 19:25 ; 47:23 Ex 34:26 (all J ); Ex
23:19 ( E ) Dt 7:13 ; 11:17 ; 26:2 , 10 , 15 ; 28:4 , 11 , 18 , 33 , 42 , 51 ; 30:9 ;
2 S 9:10 Is 1:7 ; 28:24 ; 30:23 ( ×2 ) , 24 Je 7:20 ; 14:4 ; 25:33 Hg 1:11 Mal
3:11 ψ 83:11 ; 105:35 Pr 12:11 28:19 1 Ch 27:26 Ne 10:36 , 38 cf. fig. Jb
5:6 ( || ;) עפרpersonif. 31:38 Jo 1:10 ; also ָא׳
אִישׁ הGn 9:20 ( J ) tiller,
husbandman; meton. א׳ אֹהֵב 2 Ch 26:10 i.e. lover of husbandry (or do these point
to earlier meaning tillage ? cf. Dl Pr 105 ) ֵד א׳ אִישׁ עֹבZc 13:5 . † 2. piece of
( ×3 )
ground , landed property Gn 47:18 , 19 , 20 , 22 ( ×2 ) , 23 , 26 (all J ) ψ
49:12 ( pl. ) † 3. earth as material substance; of wh. man is made Gn 2:7 ( ָר ָעפ
;) מִן־הָא׳so animals v 19 ( ָא׳ ;) מִן־הaltar Ex 20:24 ; earthen vessels ְשׂי א׳
ֵ ַחרIs
45:9 , on head, sign of woe 1 S 4:12 2 S 1:2 ; 15:32 ; of contrition Ne 9:1 ( cf.
ֵאפֶר, ַמ ֲע ֵבה הָא׳ ;) ָעכָּר1 K 7:46 cf. 2 Ch 4:17 ( firmness of earth , firm earth,
clay-ground, for casting-moulds; or clay-moulds ( Be )? or is this n.pr. ? Klo
proposes ָה ָה ֲא ֻדמָּה ַבּ ְמּ ָערin the red cave ); mule-loads of 2 K 5:17 ; in it lie the dead
ְשׁנֵי אַ ְדמַת־ ָעפָר
ֵ ִמיּDn 12:2 cf. Gn 3:19 , 23 ψ 146:4 . 4. ground as earth’s
visible surface; ָא׳ ֶרמֶס הGn 1:25 ; 6:20 (both
P ) Ho 2:20 cf. Gn 7:8 ; 9:2 ( J
?) Lv 20:25 ( P ) Dt 4:18 Ez 38:20 ; also Gn 4:10 ( J ) Is 24:21 Am 3:5 Zp 1:2
, 3 ; as wet with dew 2 S 17:12 ; rain 1 K 17:14 ; 18:1 ; cf. personif. ָא׳
פָּֽ ְצתָה ה
אֶת־פִּי ָה Nu 16:30 ( P ) ( || ארץv 32 ), vid. v 31 Gn 4:11 ; of partic. place,
Be E. Bertheau.
vid. vide , see.
spot קֹדֶשׁ א׳ Ex 3:5 especially as abode of man Ex 10:6 Dt 4:10 , 40 ; 12:1 1 S
20:31 2 S 14:7 ; often ָא׳
ְפּנֵי הGn 2:6 ; 4:14 ; 6:1 , 7 ; 7:4 , 23 ; 8:8 , 13 Ex
32:12 ; 33:16 Nu 12:3 Dt 6:15 ; 7:6 (all J , D ) 1 S 20:15 + 9 times 5. land,
territory, country ( = ארץGn 47:19 ( J ) Lv 20:24 ( J ?— || ) ארץcstr. bef.
n.pr. א׳ ִמ ְצ ַריִם Gn 47:20 , 26 ; א׳ יְהוּדָהIs 19:17 ; ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ א׳ יEz 11:17 + 16
times Ez; especially of land as promised or given by י׳to his people = Canaan Gn
28:15 Ex 20:12 Nu 11:12 ; 32:11 (all J ?) Dt 5:16 + 16 times Dt, Jos; 1 K 8:34 ,
40 + , Je 16:15 ; 24:10 ; 25:5 ; 35:15 Ez 28:25 2 Ch 6:25 , 31 ; 7:20 ; 33:8 ;
cf. also Dt 12:19 ; 21:23 ; 29:27 2 K 17:23 Is 6:11 ; 7:16 ; 14:1 + , Ez 34:13 ,
27 + , Ne 9:25 ( מנָהֵ ) א׳ ְשׁ,—in all c. 41 times + Jo 2:21 (personif.); א׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Zc 2:16 ( cf. sub 4 supr. hence also as Yahweh’s land Dt 32:43 Is 14:2 Zc 9:16
2 Ch 7:20 . † 6. whole earth , inhabited earth ( seld. ; cf. also ָא׳
ְפּנֵי הsub 4 supr. )
Gn 12:3 ; 28:14 (both J cf. ֶארֶץ 18:18 ; 22:18 ; 26:4 ) Dt 14:2 Am 3:2 Is
24:21 . † 7. n.pr.loc. city in Naphtali (as built cf. אָדָם4 ? = ed-Dâme ?) W. of L.
Gennes. Jos 19:36 v. Di .
v. נקב.
II. אדםTWOT 25 , 26
( , tawny, Ethiopic (only in derivatives), Assyrian adâmu ? Dl
W
; cf. Lag BN 28
).
† [ אָדֹםS 122
TWOT 26a , 26b
GK 137
, ֵם
אָדS 119
TWOT 26b
GK 131
] vb. be
red ( on format. cf. Lag ) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. ֽאָדְמוּruddy , of Nazirites
BN 83 cf. 120
† אָדֹם S 122
TWOT 26a , 26b
GK 137
adj. red — א׳Is 63:2 Zc 1:8 + Gn 25:30
( ×2 )
, v. infr. ; אָדוֹםCt 5:10 ; f. ֲא ֻדמָּה Nu 19:2 , pl. ֲא ֻדמִּים 2 K 3:22 + 2
partic. particle.
times;— ruddy, red , of man Ct 5:10 ; horse Zc 1:8 ( ×2 )
( || שׂרֹק
ָ cf. Assyrian Dl
W 87
6:2 ( || שׁחֹר
ָ ); heifer Nu 19:2 ; water 2 K 3:22 ( ַכּדָּם ;) א׳ cf. as subst.
red, redness on garment Is 63:2 , ָאָדֹם
= הthe ( red ) lentils Gn 25:30 ( ×2 )
, but
read ֱדֹם
ָהאv. infr. ; cf. also ַמ ֲעלֶה.
† ֫
אֹדֶם S 124
TWOT 26c
GK 138
n. [ f. ] carnelian ( from redness;
† אֱדֹם S 123
TWOT 26e
GK 139
n. [ m. ] name of a condiment ( Arabic v.
Anderson in Di ; cf. Assyrian adumatu ? Dl W
) ָהאֱ׳ Gn 25:30 ( ×2 )
( J ; so read
for ָאָ׳
הMT ; v. Di ).
אֱדוֹם S 123
TWOT 26e
GK 121
(† אֱדֹם Ez 25:14 ) n.pr. m. 1. Edom ( name of
a god? v. Sta G.1, 121
RS Sem 43
; vid. n.pr. ; עבדאדםbut Bae Rel 10
thinks dial.
var. of אָדָם, אדום בני = ) ְבנֵי אָדָם = Esau, elderson of Isaac Gn 25:30 ( J )
(where etym. = red , cf. v 25 ( E ?) & sub ) אַדְמוֹנִי36:1 , 8 , 19 ( P ). 2. coll.
( m. but f. Mal 1:4 ) Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau Gn 36:9 , 43 ( P );
also 1 S 14:47 + 31 times + 2 S 8:13 (for MT ; ארם S , v. 1 Ch 18:12 ψ
60:2 , We Dr ); perhaps also v 12 ( S 1 Ch 18:11 ; MT ארםbut v. We
Dr ); also 2 Ch 20:2 ( v. Be ); = א׳king of Edom Nu 20:18 , 20 , 21 ; poet. ְבּנֵי
א׳ ψ 137:7 ַת א׳ בּLa 4:21 , 22 . v. now F Buhl Gesch. Edomiter (1893)
. 3. land of
Edom , Idumaea ( f. Ez 32:29 ; 35:15 and 36:5 ) S. & SE. of Pal. Gn 36:32 , 43
+ 32 times (incl. שׂדֵה
ְ א׳Gn 32:4 ; ֶארֶץ א׳Gn 36:16 , 17 , 21 , 31 Nu 20:23
21:4 33:37 + );—uncertain whether 2 or 3 are Ex 15:15 Nu 20:14 ; 24:18 + 9
times (chiefly in ך א׳
ְ ֶמ ֶלetc.)
Sta B. Stade.
var. variant reading.
F Buhl Frants Buhl, esp. as editor of eds. 12-14 of Gesenius’s Handwörterbuch über das A.
T .;
Gesch. Geschichte.
† ֲא ַד ִמדָּם adj. reddish ( cf. Assyrian ada(m)mumu ? Dl
W
) of leprous sores
Lv 13:42 ( דּ֑ם
ָ ) ־v 49 ( ;) ֗־דָםf. ֲא ַד ְמ ֶדּמֶת v 24 , ־ ָד֑מv 19 ; f. pl.
43 ; ֶת
ֲא ַד ְמדַּמֹּת 14:37 .
† ִי
אַדְמוֹנS 132 , 726 TWOT 26h GK 145 adj. red, ruddy , of Esau as newborn
babe Gn 25:25 (whence name Edom according to E ? cf. Di ); of youth 1 S 16:12
; 17:42 ( ) אַדְמֹנִי.
† ָא אַ ְד ָמתS 133 GK 148 n.pr. m. a prince of Persia & Media Est 1:14 ( cf.
Pers. admâta , unrestrained ).
אדןTWOT 27
( meaning disputed; (1)
cf. Assyrian [ adannu ] firm, strong; adv.
W
adanniš , strongly, exceedingly Dl > (2) Fü ( a ) make firm, fasten ( cf. ) whence
( ; ֶאדֶןb ) determine, command, rule , whence ( ; אָדוֹן3) Thes Add., MV al. ( a )
intr. be under, low, inferior ( cf. דּוּן, ), whence ( ; ֶאדֶןb ) tr. put under command, rule
over ( cf. ) דִּיןwhence ; אָדוֹןv. also (4) Lag M i. 102 , אָדוֹןfrom ) .
ֶ ֫אדS
[ ֶן 134
TWOT 27a
GK 149
] 57 n. m. Ex 26:19 base, pedestal — ד֑ן
ֶ אָEx
38:27 ; pl. דנִים
ָ ֲאEx 26:19 + ; cstr. אַ ְדנֵיCt 5:15 + , etc. 1. pedestals of fine
gold, on wh. pillars of marble were set Ct 5:15 . 2. pedestals of the earth on wh. its
pillars were placed Jb 38:6 ( || corner-stone). 3. (metal) pedestals, bases , or sockets
in wh. tenons of planks & pillars of tabernacle were set up; two for each plank & one
for each pillar Ex 26:19 ( ×3 ) + 52 times in Ex 26 . 27 . 35–40 Nu 3 . 4 (all P ); cf.
Sm Co for ְכּוֹ אָרEz 41:22 , of altar.
Fü J. Fürst.
intr. intransitive.
Lag P. de Lagarde, Mittheilungen .
Mass Masora.
prob. in all cases ֲדֹנַי
( אv. Dalman Der Gottesname Adonaj ; Lag BN 188
makes ֲדֹנָי
אan
Aramaic format.); ֲדֹנִי אnow found in J 51 times; in E † Gn 31:35 ; 32:19 ;
42:10 Ex 21:5 ; in P † Gn 23:6 , 11 , 15 Nu 36:2 ( ×2 ) often S & K in Chr only
in sources, 1 Ch 21:3 ( ×3 ) , 23 ( = 2 S 24:3 , 22 ) 2 Ch 2:13 , 14 ; Is & Je only in
hist. parts Is 36:8 , 9 , 12 Je 37:20 ; 38:9 ; elsewhere † Dn 1:10 ; 10:16 , 17 , 19
; 12:8 Zc 1:9 ; 4:4 , 5 , 13 ; 6:4 ψ 110:1 Ju 4:18 ; 6:13 Ru 2:13 ; ֲדנָי † בִּי א
Ex 4:10 , 13 ; Jos 7:8 ( J ) Ju 6:15 ; 13:8 is referred to God, but ֲדנִי
א בִּי † Gn
43:20 ; 44:18 Nu 12:11 ( J ) 1 S 1:26 ; 25:24 ( + ) אני1 K 3:17 , 26 to human
superiors. There is doubt as to ֲדֹנָ֯י
אGn 18:3 ; 19:18 ; אֲדֹ֯נַי19:2 ) — † 1. sg.
lord, master (1) ref. to men: ( a ) supt. of household, or of affairs Gn 45:8 , 9 ( E )
= ψ 105:21 ; ( b ) master ψ 12:5 ; ( c ) king Je 22:18 ; 34:5 ; (2) ref. to God, ָאָדוֹן ה
יהוהthe Lord Yahweh ( v. ) יהוה Ex 23:17 ; 34:23 (Cov’t codes); ֶץ
כָּל־ ָהאָר אֲדוֹן
Lord of the whole earth Jos 3:11 , 13 ( J ) ψ 97:5 Zc 4:14 ; 6:5 Mi 4:13 ; ְצבָאוֹת
הָא׳ י׳, earlier Is 1:24 ; 3:1 ; 10:33 ; 19:4 ( ֲדֹנָי
אIs 10:16 in common MT ; not
Massora, doubtless scrib. error); ָא׳ הMal 3:1 ; אָדוֹןψ 114:7 . 2. pl. lords, kings Dt
10:17 = ψ 136:3 ; Is 26:13 masters Am 4:1 , elsewhere intens. pl. of rank, lord,
master , (1) ref. to men: ( a ) proprietor of hill Samaria † 1 K 16:24 ; ( b ) master
Gn 40:7 ( E ) Ex 21:4 ( ×2 ) , 6 , 8 , 32 (Cov’t code) Gn 24:9 + ( J , 11 times) Dt
23:16 Ju 19:11 , 12 + 13 times S & K; Jb 3:19 ψ 123:2 Pr 25:13 ; 17:18 ; 30:10
Is 24:2 Zp 1:9 Mal 1:6 ( ×2 ) ( c ) husband Ju 19:26 , 27 ψ 45:12 ; ( d ) prophet
2 K 2:3 , 5 , 16 ; ( e ) governor Ne 3:5 ; ( f ) prince Gn 42:10 , 30 , 33 ( E ) 44:8
( J ) 1 S 29:10 ; ( g ) king Gn 40:1 ( E ) Ju 3:25 + 40 times S & K; Ch only in
sources 1 Ch 12:19 cf. 1 S 29:4 ; 2 Ch 13:6 ; 18:16 = 1 K 22:17 ; Is 19:4 ;
22:18 ; 36:12 ; 37:4 , 6 Je 27:4 ; (2) ref. to God Mal 1:6 ; ֲדֹנִים אֲדֹנֵי ָהאLord of
lords Dt 10:17 = ψ 136:3 ; ֲדֹנֵינוּ
אψ 135:5 ; 147:5 Ne 8:10 ; י׳אֲדֹנֵינוּψ 8:2 ,
10 Ne 10:30 ; י׳ אֲדֹנַיְִך Is 51:22 (prob. = thy husband, Yahweh ); ֲדֹנָיו
אHo
12:15 (possibly error for ֲדֹנָי
) א. 3. sf. 1 s. ( ) אֲדֹנַי ( אֲדֹנִי1) ref. to men: my lord,
my master , ( a ) master Ex 21:5 (Cov’t code) Gn 24:12 + , 44:5 ( J , 20 times) 1
S 30:13 , 15 2 K 5:3 , 20 , 22 ; 6:15 ; ( b ) husband Gn 18:12 ( J ); ( c ) prophet
1 K 18:7 , 13 2 K 2:19 , 4:16 , 28 ; 6:5 ; 8:5 ; ( d ) prince Gn 42:10 ( E ), 23:6 ,
11 , 15 ( P ), 43:20 ; 44:18 + , 47:18 , + ( J , 12 times); Ju 4:18 ; ( e ) king 1 S
22:12 + (S & K 75 times); ( f ) father Gn 31:35 ( E ); ( g ) Moses Ex 32:22 Nu
11:28 ; 12:11 ; 32:25 , 27 ( J ); 36:2 ( ×2 ) ( P ); ( h ) priest 1 S 1:15 , 26 ( ×2 ) ; ( i )
theophanic angel Jos 5:14 Ju 6:13 ; ( j ) captain 2 S 11:11 ; ( k ) general
recognition of superiority Gn 24:18 ; 32:5 + ; 33:8 + ; 44:7 + ( J , 13 times), Ru
2:13 1 S 25:24 + (15 times); (2) ref. to God: ֲדֹנָי אa. my Lord Gn 20:4 (? E ) Ex
15:17 ( Sam. ) יהוהelsewhere in Hex , J ; Gn 18:3 (?), 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 ; 19:2 ,
18 (?) Ex 4:10 , 13 ; 5:22 ; 34:9 Nu 14:17 Jos 7:8 ; also Ju 6:15 ; 13:8 ; not S; 1
K 22:6 2 K 19:23 ; not Chron except memorials Ezr 10:3 (ref. to Ezra) Ne 1:11 ;
† אַדָּן S 135
GK 150
n.pr.loc. in Babylonia Ezr 2:59 ( v. כְּרוּב n.pr. )
† אַדּוֹן S 114
GK 124
id. Ne 7:61 .
Dalm G. Dalman.
† אֲדֹנִי־ ֶב֫זֶק n.pr. m. (or title) king of Can. city Bezek Ju 1:7 ; without Maqq.
אֲדֹנִיָּ֫הוּ S 138
GK 154
( ָה
) אֲדֹיִּנn.pr. m. ( my Lord is Yahweh , cf. Ph.
אדנאשמן, אדנבעל, אדנשמשetc., in Assyrian Aduniba’al Schr KB II, 172
) 1.
fourth son of David 1 K 1:8 + 11 times, 2:13 + 5 times ( = ֲדֹנִיָּה א2 S 3:4 1 K
1:5 , 7 , 18 ; 2:28 1 Ch 3:2 ). 2. a Levite † 2 Ch 17:8 . 3. a chief of the people †
Ne 10:17 ( = ָם אֲדֹנִיק7:18 Ezr 2:13 cf. 8:13 ).
† אֲדֹנִיקָם S 140
GK 156
n.pr. m. ( my Lord has arisen ) head of a family Ezr
2:13 ; 8:13 Ne 7:18 ( ֲדֹנִיָּהוּ
אNe 10:17 ).
† אֲדֹנִירָם S 141
GK 157
n.pr. m. ( my Lord is exalted ) official of Solom. 1K
Sm
4:6 ; 5:28 ; so also 2 S 20:24 1 K 12:18 We Dr .
† אֲדֹרָם S 151
GK 164
( contr. or corrupt, cf. foregoing ) same official, under
David 2 S 20:24 , & Rehob. 1 K 12:18 ( = הֲדֹרָם 2 Ch 10:18 ).
†[ אָדַרS 142
TWOT 28
GK 158
] vb. (poet.) wide, great , (thence) high, noble ( ?
Assyrian adâru Dl W
) — Niph. Pt. majestic, glorious , of י׳, אדָּר
ְ ֶ נEx 15:11 ; cstr.
נֶ ְא ָדּרִי v 6 ( v. Di ); Hiph. impf. יַ ְאדִּירmake glorious the teaching Is 42:21 ( י׳
subj.)
† ֶ ֫אדֶר S 145
TWOT 28a
GK 159
n. [ m. ] 1. glory, magnificence (Assyrian
aduru, adiru ) ironic. of price of shepherd (symbol.) Zc 11:13 2. mantle, cloak (as
wide ) Mi 2:8 ( || ָה) ַשׂ ְלמ, but read ת ( אדרתlost bef. foll. ) ת, so WRS Proph 247 .
Schr E. Schrader.
KB E. Schrader, Keilinschriftl. Bibliothek .
† אֲדֹו ַר֫יִם S 115
n.pr.loc. ( two hills ?) city in Judah 2 Ch 11:9 ( cf. Αδωρα,
Ant. viii, 10, 1 , xiv, 5, 3 BR II, 215
Δωρα , Jos ); now Dûra , W. of Hebron, Rob .
† אַדָּר S 146
GK 161 , 162
n.pr. m. ( noble ?). 1. son of Bela, grandson of Benjm. 1
Ch 8:3 (perhaps error— cf. Be —for דּ
ְ אַ ְרq.v. Nu 26:40 Gn 46:21 ). 2. city in
= ;) אַ ָדּ֫ר
Judah Jos 15:3 ( ָה ( ֲחצַר אַדָּרq.v. ) Nu 34:4 .
† ִיר אַדּS 117 TWOT 28b GK 129 adj. majestic — א׳ψ 8:2 + ; f. אַ ֶדּ֫רֶתEz
17:8 ? ( v. infr. ) etc.— 1. majestic (wide, lofty) of waters of sea Ex 15:10 ψ 93:4 ;
a ship Is 33:21 ; a tree Ez 17:23 ; a vine Ez 17:8 ( ֶת גֶּפֶן אַ ֶדּר, so Fü ; or א׳n.
abstr. v. sub ֶת
אַ ֶדּרinfr. ); also fig. of kings ψ 136:18 ; nations Ez 32:18 ; gods 1
S 4:8 ; of י׳ψ 93:4 ; 76:5 ; of name of י׳ψ 8:2 , 10 . 2. subst. majestic one , of
nobles, chieftains, etc., Ju 5:13 , 25 Na 2:6 , 3:18 Je 14:3 ; 25:34 ( ַצֹּאן
ה אַדִּירֵי
fig. so) 35 , 36 ; 30:21 Zc 11:2 2 Ch 23:20 Ne 3:5 ; 10:30 ; of י׳Is 10:34 ;
33:21 ; of servants of י׳ψ 16:3 ( = priests? cf. 1 Ch 24:5 & v. Che ).
† אַ ֶדּ֫רֶת S 155
TWOT 28c
GK 168
אַ ָדּ֑ר
n. f. glory, cloak — א׳abs. Jos 7:24 ; ֶת
Ez 17:8 ; cstr. Gn 25:25 + 4times; ְתּוֹ אַ ַדּר1 K 19:13 + 3 times; אַדַּרתָּםZc 11:3
— 1. glory, magnificence , of vine Ez 17:8 (so Thes MV , but < adj. f. from
אַדִּירq.v. ), of shepherds Zc 11:3 (or sub 2 ). 2. mantle, cloak (wide garment) of
hair ָר
ֵשׂעGn 25:25 Zc 13:4 (as proph. mantle, so perhaps 11:3 of shepherds =
false proph.) cf. of Elijah 1 K 19:13 , 19 2 K 2:8 , 13 , 14 ; but אַ ֶדּרֶת ִשׁנְעָר
( טוֹבָהfine mantle of Shinar = Babylonian mantle—doubtless costly) Jos 7:21 , 24
( J ) & (late) א׳alone Jon 3:6 .
Nab. Nabataean.
Vog C. J. M. de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale.
Eut J. Euting, Nabatäische Inschriften;
† אַ ְד ַר ֶ ֫מּ ֶל ְך S 152
GK 165 , 166
n.pr. m. ( Adar is prince , Assyrian Adar-malik (?)
2 284
v. KAT , cf. ABK ; or A. is Counsellor, Decider , cf. Dl K 52 f ; otherwise
140
Sayce Rel.Bab. 7 ; on Bab. god Adar v. Schr KSGW 1880, 19 f Dl K 52 f , but Sayce
Rel.Bab. 151 f
; Jen; Ko 457 f al. read Assyrian name Ninib ; on Carth. יתנאדרv. Bae
Rel. 54
) 1. a god of Sepharvaim 2 K 17:31 . 2. parricidal son of Sennacherib 2 K
19:37 Is 37:38 .
אֲדֹרָם S 151
GK 164
v. אדנירםsub אדון.
אָהֵבS 157
TWOT 29
GK 170
216 vb. love — Qal Pf. אָ ֵה֑ב Gn 27:9 + 7times; ה֑ב
ֵאָ
Gn 27:14 ; ַב
אָהGn 37:3 + 3 times; ֲאהֵֽ ְב ָךDt 15:16 ; 3 fs. ֽאָ ֲהבָה Ct 1:7 + , etc.;
impf. ) ־ ָה֑ב ( יֶ ֱאהַבPr 3:12 + ; 1 s. ֵא ָה֑בPr 8:17 ( cf. Ew § 192 d Ges § 68.1 ); וָֽאֹ ַה֭ב
Mal 1:2 ; ֵהוּ וָאֹ ֲהבHo 11:1 ; אֹ ֲהבֵםHo 14:5 ; וָאֹ ֲהבֵםψ 119:167 ; 2 mpl. ְתּ ֵאהֲבוּ
Pr 1:22 ( cf. Kö I p. 394 Ges § 63 R. 2 ); ה֑בוּ ָ ֶתּ ֱאZc 8:17 ; ֶתּ ֱאהָבוּןψ 4:3 ; Imv. ֱאהַב־
Ho 3:1 ; הָ ֱא ָה ֶבPr 4:6 ; ֶאהֱבוּψ 31:24 Am 5:15 ; ֱא ָה֑בוּZc 8:19 ; inf. cstr. אֱהֹבEc
3:8 ; ָה
אַ ֲהבDt 10:12 + ; ֲא ֲהבַתMi 6:8 + etc.; cf. also sub n. אהבהinfr. ; Pt. אֹהֵב
( ֵב
) אוֹהDt 10:18 + 26 times; f. cstr. ֲא ֻהבַתHo 3:1 is prob. active cf. Ba NB 174 ff ;
אֹ ֲהבIs 41:8 etc.; f. אֹ ֶה֫בֶתGn 25:28 ; אֹ ַה֫ ְבתִּיHo 10:11 etc.; Pt. pass.
sf. ִי
אָהוּבNe 13:26 ; אֲהוּבָהDt 21:15 ( ×2 ) , 16 .— love (mostly c. acc. , sq. ִל+ obj.
Lv 19:18 , 34 2 Ch 19:2 (late), sq. בּ ְ Ec 5:9 ; abs. Ec 3:8 & v. infr. ), (affection
both pure & impure, divine & human);— 1. human love to human object; abs. , opp.
hate שׂנֵא
ָ Ec 3:8 ; of love to son Gn 22:2 ; 25:28 ; 37:3 , 4 ; 44:20 (JE) Pr 13:24 ; so
also 2 S 13:21 Ew Th We , cf. Dr , of Dvd’s loving Amnon; never to parent,
but mother-in-law Ru 4:15 ; of man’s love to woman; wife Gn 24:67 ; 29:20 , 30 ( cf.
֫אַהS
† [ ַב 158
TWOT 29a
GK 172
] n. [ m. ] love only pl. ֲא ָהבִים, loves,
amours; bad sense Ho 8:9 , but א׳ אַיֶּלֶתloving hind Pr 5:19 ( fig. of wife || יֲַעלַת
) הֵן.
Jerus. Jerusalem.
† [ ַב ֫ S
אֹה 159
TWOT 29b
GK 171
] n. [ m. ] id. = loved object, sf. אָ ֳהבָם Ho
9:10 ( = בֹּשׁתֶ = ַבּעַלv. Hi Now ) i.e. the idol worshipped; pl. = amours
(carnal sense) Pr 7:18 .
† אַ ֲהבָה S 160
TWOT 29c
GK 173 , 174
n. f. love ( = Inf. of אהבq.v. ) — abs.
א׳Pr 10:12 + 18 times; cstr. אַ ֲהבַתJe 2:2 + 3 times; sf. אַ ֲה ָבתִיψ 109:4 , 5 ;
אַ ֲהבָֽ ְת ָך2 S 1:26 ; אַ ֲהבָתוֹIs 63:9 Zp 3:17 ; אַ ֲה ָבתָהּPr 5:19 ; אַ ֲה ָבתָםEc 9:6 —
love , especially WisdLt & late. 1. human (to human obj. ) abs. Ec 9:1 , 6 (both ||
) ִשׂנְאָהso Pr 10:12 ; 15:17 cf. 27:5 ; v. also 17:9 ; of man toward man ψ 109:4
, 5 ; love for one’s self ( ְשׁוֹ
) נַפ1 S 20:17 ; between man & woman Ct 2:4 , 5 ; 5:8
; 8:6 , 7 ( ×2 ) ; Pr 5:19 cf. also 2 S 1:26 ( ָשׁים ִ ;) א׳ נpersonif. Ct 2:7 ; 3:5 ; 7:7 ;
8:4 ; cf. fig. use 3:10 ; of mere sexual desire 2 S 13:15 ; fig. of Jerusalem’s love
to י׳Je 2:2 ( ך ְִ) א׳ כַּלוּלֹ ַתי, & of love of adulter. Jerus. v 33 . 2. God’s love to
his people Ho 11:4 ( א׳ ) עֲבֹתוֹת Je 31:3 Is 63:9 Zp 3:17 .
† ֫
אֹהַד S 161
GK 176
n.pr. m. son of Simeon Gn 46:10 Ex 6:15 .
† ֵהוּד אS 164 GK 179 n.pr. m. 1. a Benjamite, son of Gera, deliverer of Isr. from
Moab Ju 3:15 , 16 , 20 ( ×2 ) , 21 , 23 , 26 ; 4:1 . 2. a Benjamite, son of Bilhan ( =
foregoing?) 1 Ch 7:10 .
† ֲאהָהּS 162
TWOT 30
GK 177
( , ) interj. alas! Ju 11:35 2 K 3:10 ; 6:5 , 15 ;
with לJo 1:15 ֲאהָהּ לַיוֹםalas for the day! for etc. In the combination ֲאהָהּ אֲדֹנָי
יֱהוִֹה Jos 7:7 Ju 6:22 Je 1:6 ; 4:10 ; 14:13 ; 32:17 ; Ez 4:14 ; 9:8 ; 11:13 ; 21:5 .
† אַ ֲהוָא S 163
GK 178
n.pr.loc. town or district in Babylonia, by which a stream is
designated Ezr 8:15 , also the stream v 21 ( א׳ ) הנהר, v 31 ( א׳ ) נְהַר.
† ֱאהִיS 165
TWOT 31
GK 180
Ho. 13:10 , 14 ( ×2 )
adv. where? = אֵי, אַיֵּה. So
S B AW in Ho 13:10 , & S ( cf. 1 Cor 15:55 ) AW in Ho 13:14 .
Now W. Nowack.
Taken by many of the older interpreters, and even by Ges in 13:14 , as 1 s. impf. apoc.
of היהI would be: but this is less suited to the context, and the jussive form is an
objection, being unusual with the 1 ps.
I.אהל S 174 TWOT 34 GK 184 ( settle down (?), Arabic be inhabited , cf. Assyrian
âlu , settlement, city , ma’âlu, ma’âltu , bed; Dl W & Pr 105 Nö ZMG xi (1886), 154, 720
doubts ֶל = = אֹהâlu; but = dwelling actually in vulg.Ar. ac. to So Buhl ) .
֫
אֹהֶל S 168 , 169
TWOT 32a
GK 185 , 186
343 n. m. Gn 13:3 tent ( cf. Assyrian âlu
, supr. , Arabic , fellow-dwellers, family , Sab. אהל DHM ZMG 1883, 341
al. , also in
n.pr. Sab. & Ph. v. — ) אהליאבabs. א׳Gn 4:20 + ; cstr. id. Ex 28:43 + ;
֫ ( הloc. ) Gn 18:6 + ; sf. אָ ֳהלִיJb 29:4 + ; ֽאָ ָה ְל ָךψ 61:5 ; ֽאָהֳלֹהGn
אֹ ֱהלָה
9:21 + 3 times ( v. Dr Sm xxxv ); pl. ִים אֹ ָהלGn 13:5 + ( Ges § 23.3 ); בָֽ ֳא ָהלִים
Ju 8:11 + ; cstr. ֵי אָ ֳהלNu 16:26 + ; sf. אֹ ָהלַיJe 4:20 ; אֹ ָהלֶי ָךNu 24:5 + ;
אָ ֳהלֵיכֶםJos 22:8 + , etc.— 1. tent of nomad Ct 1:5 Je 6:3 ; 49:29 ; ישׁב א׳ ֵ
dweller in tents Gn 4:20 ; 25:27 ( J ); קנֶהְ אָ ֳהלֵי ִמtents of cattle 2 Ch 14:14 ; of
soldier 1 Sa 17:54 cf. Dr , Je 37:10 ; 1 K 12:16 ך ָ ישׂראל לְאֹ ֶהלֶי, exclam., to
thy tents, Israel! , cf. 1 K 8:66 2 Ch 10:16 2 S 20:1 (but cf. Dr , 1 S 17:54 ); of
pleasure-tent on house-top 2 S 16:22 ( = bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, cf. ָה
ֻחפּψ
19:5 Jo 2:16 v. RS Kinship 168
). 2. dwelling, habitation; ψ 91:10 בְּאֹ ֳה ֶל֑ ָךhome
(lit. in thy tent ), pl. לְאֹ ָהלֶֽ ָךJu 19:9 ; בֵּיתִי א׳habitation of my house ψ 132:3
cf. Dn 11:45 ; א׳ דודhabitat. or palace of David where throne erected Is 16:5 ; א׳
בַת צִיּוֹןh. of daughter of Zion ( = Jerusalem) La 2:4 ; אָ ֳהלֵי יַעֲקֹבJe 30:18 Mal
2:12 ( || ָן
ִשׁכּ
ְ א׳ יְהוּדָה ;) מZc 12:7 ( || ְשׁעִים ;) בית דוד ָ א׳ רh. of wicked Jb 8:22 ,
cf. ֶשׁע
ַ א׳ רψ 84:11 , ְשׁרִים ָ א׳ יPr 14:11 ; א׳ שֹׁחַדJb 15:34 ; א׳ ַצדִּיקִיםψ
118:15 ; ֱדוֹם = א׳ אEdom itself, ψ 83:7 cf. א׳ ְקדָרψ 120:5 כוּשׁן ָ א׳Hb 3:7 ;
cf. Is 54:2 ψ 69:26 . 3. the sacred tent in worship of God; ֶל הָאֹהthe tent; א׳ מוֹעֵד
tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Ges MV
al. ) According to E Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the
camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face,
Ex 33:7–11 Nu 12:5 , 10 Dt 31:14 , 15 ; J seems to have same conception of an
א׳ ם׳outside the camp, Nu 11:24 , 26 ; D has no allusion to such a tent; P
mentions it 131 times as ם׳ ; א׳19 times as ( הָאֹהֶלcf. Ez 41:1 ) & ֵדוּת
ָהע א׳, tent
vulg.Ar. Vulgar Arabic.
loc. local, locality.
RS W. Robertson Smith.
of the testimony Nu 9:15 ; 17:22 , 23 ; 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the
testimony) cf. 2 Ch 24:6 ; this tent sometimes confounded with the ָן
ִשׁכּ
ְ מbut
distinguished in א׳ם׳ ִשׁכַּן
ְ מEx 39:32 ; 40:2 , 6 , 29 , cf. 1 Ch 6:17 ; ִשׁכָּןְ ַהמּ
וְהָאֹהֶלNu 3:25 ; ִשׁכָּן וְאֶת־אָהֳלוֹ
ְ אֶת־ ַהמּEx 35:11 ; tent was of three layers of
skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in
form of a tent, covring & protecting the ָן
ִשׁכּ
ְ מ, wh. was in form of parallelopip. ( Ex
26 ). An ֵד
מוֹע אֹהֶלwas at Shilo 1 S 2:22 (om. ; v. Dr ) cf. ψ 78:60 , called
א׳ יוֹסֵףv 67 . The Mosaic א׳ ם׳was later at Gibeon 2 Ch 1:3 , 6 , 13 ; courses of
ministry arranged for service at א׳ ם׳1 Ch 6:17 ; 23:32 cf. 1 Ch 9:19 ( ָא׳ ) ה, v
21 , 23 ( ָא׳ ;) בֵּית הDavid erected an אֹהֶלfor ark on Mt. Zion 2 S 6:17 1 Ch
15:1 ; 16:1 ; 2 Ch 1:4 ; Joab fled for refuge to א׳ יהוה1 K 2:28–30 ; sacred oil
brought from ָא׳ ה1 K 1:39 ; the א׳ מוֹעֵדwas taken up into temple 1 K 8:4 = 2
Ch 5:5 ; י׳had not previously dwelt in a בּיִתַ , but had gone מֵאֹהֶל אֶל־אֹהֶלfrom
tent to tent , from one to another, 1 Ch 17:5 , cf. 2 S 7:6 ; בּיִת || ( א׳ יהוה
ַ & הַר
) קֹדֶשׁis refuge & dwelling-place of righteous, ψ 15:1 ; 27:5 , 6 ; 61:5 ( cf. ψ
90:1 ).
† [ ַל
אָהS 166 , 167
TWOT 32 , 33
GK 182 , 183
] vb. denom. tent, move tent from
place to place ( cf. Assyrian â’ilu (?) Dl W No. 4 & AGl
) וַיֶּ ֱאהַלGn 13:12 , 18 ( J ),
cf.ישׁב אֹהֶל
ֵ ( v. ;) אֹהֶלPi. Impf. ( יַהֵלcontr. for ֵל
) יְאַהpitch one’s tent like
nomad Is 13:20 . † ֶל
אֹהn.pr. m. 1 Ch 3:20 .
† אָ ֳהלָה S 170
TWOT 32b
GK 188
n.pr. f. Ohŏla ( for ָהּ
אָ ֳהלshe who has a tent,
tent-woman , i.e. worshipper at tent-shrine, v. Sm ) of Samaria, adulteress with
Assyria Ez 23:4 ( ×2 ) , 5 , 36 , 44 .
† אָ ֳהלִיאָב S 171
GK 190
n.pr. m. Ohŏliab ( Father’s tent , cf. Ph. אהלבעל,
; אהלמלך Sab. ֿתר אהלעת, ) אהלאלchief assistant of Bezalel in construction of
tabernacle, etc. Ex 31:6 ; 35:34 ; 36:1 , 2 ; 38:23 .
† אָ ֳהלִיבָה S 172
TWOT 32c
GK 191
n.pr. f. Ohŏliba ( =
אָ ֳהלִיבָהּtent in her =
(in meaning) ָה אָ ֳהלcf. Sm ) of Jerusalem as adulterous wife of י׳Ez 23:4 ( ×2 ) ,
11 , 22 , 36 , 44 .
† ָה אָ ֳה ִלי ָבמS 173 GK 192 n.pr. Ohŏlibama ( tent of the high place ) 1. f. wife
of Esau Gn 36:2 , 5 , 14 , 18 , 25 . 2. m. an Edomite chief Gn 36:41 1 Ch 1:52 .
† II. [ אָהַלS 166 , 167
TWOT 32 , 33
GK 182 , 183
] vb. Hiph. be clear,shine , Impf. 3
ms. ( יַ ֲאהִילsubj. moon ) יָ ֵר ַחJb 25:5 ( || זַכּוּsubj. כוכבים, cf. also ֶה
יִזְכּv 4 ) ( =
יָהֵל, from ( ; הללby text error?) cf. Di so > = I. ַלאָה Kö I , 373
, after Ki ).
† III. [ אהל S 174 TWOT 34 GK 184 ] n. [ m. ] odorif. tree, aloe (?) ( ? loan-word
from Skr. aguru, agaru , dial. aghil , cf. Wilson Skr. Dict. ; M. Müller in Pusey Dn 2d ed. p.
647 f.
; aloëxylon agallochum ( cf. Sigismund Aromata, Leipz. 1884, p. 38 f , MV cite Kondracki
Beitr.z.Kenntn.d.Aloe, Dorpat 1874
& Baer Reden III, 293 f ); others aloë succotrina ( Schenkel BL , cf.
Di ad Nu 24:6 ); Wetzst in De Ct 2d ed. 167 brings under I. ; אהלhe proposes cardamum
, Arabic from = little tents , from three-cornered shape of capsules ) 3. pl. ֲא ָהלִיםtrees
planted by י׳Nu 24:6 ( || ) ארזיםperhaps error for ִים
אֵילcf. Di . 4. aloes , as sweet-
smelling; perfume for bed, ִים
ֲא ָהלPr 7:17 ( || מֹר, ;) ִקנָּמוֹןfor garments ֲאהָלוֹתψ
45:9 ( || מֹר, ִיעוֹת
;) ְקצof bride, under fig. of odorif. tree Ct 4:14 ( || מֹר, ָאשׁי
ֵ כָּל־ר
ְשׂמִים
ָ ) ב.
אַהֲרֹן346 n.pr. m. Aaron , elder brother of Moses Ex 7:7 ; the priest Ex 31:10 +
; mentioned Ex 4:14 ; 15:20 ; 17:10 ; 24:1 ; 28:29 + (115 times Ex); Lv 8:12 , 23
+ (80 times Lv); Nu 20:24f ; 33:39 + (101 times Nu); 1 Ch 5:29 + ; Mi 6:4 (only
here in proph.) ψ 77:21 ; 105:26 ; called ֵן
הַכֹּהEx 31:10 ; 35:19 ; 39:41 Lv 7:34
+ , v. ψ 99:6 משׁה וא׳ בְּכֹ ֲהנָיו
ֶ ; also בּן־א׳ הַכֹּהֵןEx 38:21 Nu 3:32 + (all P )
called ְדוֹשׁ יהוה קψ 106:16 ; often named with his sons Lv 2:3 , 10 ; 6:2 + ; ְבּנֵי
א׳in strict sense Ex 28:1 , 4 , 40 + often; ְבּנֵי א׳ הַכֹּ ֲהנִיםLv 1:5 + Nu 3:3 ;
10:8 Jos 21:19 1 Ch 6:42 ; of temple-priests in gen’l, as descendants of A., 2 Ch
26:18 ; 29:21 ; 31:19 ; 35:14 ( ×2 ) , v. also 13:9 , 10 & cf. ֶן־א׳
הַכֹּהֵן בּNe
10:39 ; so ֵית א׳
בּψ 115:10 , 12 ; 118:3 ; 135:19 ; אַהֲרֹןalone ( = ) בֵּית א׳ 1 Ch
12:27 ( 28 ) cf. 27:17 .
† אוּאֵל S 177
GK 198
n.pr. m. a Judæan ( will of God , cf. I. ; אוהor contr.
from ֵל
אֲבוּאcf. ) ? אִי ֶעזֶר Ezr 10:34 .
אובTWOT 37
( meaning?
Thes comp. Arabic return , whence Kö Off.-begr. ii 15 C
Sta G i.504; Bib. Theol. i. 186 Now Arch. ii. 273 as rediens , “revenant”; but doubtful. water-
carrier; but cf. Lag BN 90 ). MV comp. ( אבבwith conjectural sense) to get meaning
have a hollow sound . Deriv. and signif. totally uncertain ) .
אוֹב S 178
TWOT 37a
GK 199 , 200
n. m. Jb 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer ,
etc.— abs. א׳Lv 20:27 + 8 times; pl. אֹבוֹתLv 19:31 + 7 times— 1. skin-bottle ,
only pl. ָשׁים
ִ אֹבוֹת ֲחדnew ( wine -) skins Jb 32:19 . 2. necromancer , in phr. אוֹב
אוֹיִדְּעֹנִיnecrom. or wizard Lv 20:27 ( H ; usually tr. ‘a man also or woman that
hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard’ RV ; but better a man or a woman, if there
should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no suff. reason for exceptional use
of phrase here); א׳ וְיִדְּעֹנִיDt 18:11 2 Ch 33:6 = 2 K 21:6 (where ;) א׳ וידענים
הָאֹבוֹת וְ ַהיִּדְּעֹנִים
Lv 19:31 ; 20:6 ( H ) 1 S 28:3 , 9 2 K 23:24 Is 8:19 (where
repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction,
prob. ventriloquism, & so ) 19:3 . 3. ghost , Is 29:4 היָה ָ ְִא ְמ ָר ֵת ְך ְתּ ַצ ְפצֵף ו
כְּאוֹב ֵמ ֶארֶץ קוֹ ֵל ְך וּ ֵמ ָעפָרand thy voice shall be as a ghost from the ground and
from the dust thy speech shall chirp (so Ge MV Ew De Che al. , but chirping
might be of necromancer, as 8:19 ). 4. necromancy ַת־אוֹב
ֵשׁת ַבּ ֲעל
ֶ אa woman who
אודTWOT 38
( be curved, bent , also trans. burden, oppress , cf. Arabic ) .
† אוּד S 181
TWOT 38a
GK 202
n. m. brand, fire-brand ( orig. perhaps bent
stick used to stir fire ) ָה
ִשּׂ ֵרפ
ְמ א׳ ֻמצָּל Am 4:11 = א׳ ם׳ ֵמאֵשׁ Zc 3:2 , pl. זַנְבוֹת
ֲשׁנִים
ֵ הָאוּדִים ָהע Is 7:4 , stumps of smoking firebrands .
† [ ָה
אוֹדS 182
TWOT 38b
GK 128
] n. f. cause ( perhaps orig. circumstance , cf.
Sab. אודenclosing wall ) —only pl. אוֹדֹתGn 21:11 + ; אֹדוֹתNu 12:1 + ; (8
times + 2 S 13:16 vid. infra ); ַי אֹדוֹתJos 14:6 ; אֹדוֹתֶי ָךib.;— cause , always
with על, & cstr. , except Je 3:8 , where sq. ֲשׁר ֶ עַל־א׳ ; אbecause of Gn 21:11 ,
25 Ex 18:8 Nu 12:1 ; 13:24 Ju 6:7 Je 3:8 ( + ָל־ = ;) כּconcerning ( on
occasion of ) Gn 26:32 Jos 14:6 ( ×2 )
; in 2 S 13:16 read, for אל־אֹדוֹת, ִי אַל אָח
כִּי L It. We Dr .
† אֵיד S 343
TWOT 38c
GK 369
n. m. Jb 18:12 distress, calamity ( under wh.
one bends, cf. Arabic burdening ) — א׳Jb 21:30 + ; cstr. id. Jb 31:23 + ; ֵי אֵיד2
S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 etc.;— distress, calamity (poet. chiefly WisdLt & late); Pr
17:5 ; 27:10 . 1. national calam. of Isr. (apostate) Je 18:17 Ez 35:5 Ob 13 ( ×3 ) ; of
Egypt Je 46:21 ; Moab 48:16 ; Edom ( ֵשׂו ָ ) א׳ ע49:8 ; Hazor v 32 . 2. of
righteous sufferer 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 cf. א׳ אֵלi.e. from God Jb 31:23 &
אָרְחוֹת אֵידָם 30:12 their calamitous paths ( sf. ref. to bereavement, pain, etc.) 3.
often of wicked Jb 18:12 ; 21:17 ; 31:3 Pr 1:26 , 27 (wisd. mocks at; || ַד
) ַפּח
† אֵד S 108
TWOT 38d
GK 116
n. m. mist ( deriv. dub. ; Arabic = be strong;
that which affords protection, shade; otherwise Dl W 125 ) Gn 2:6 ; ֵדוֹ אJb 36:27 .
W 125, cf. WB 22 JAOS 1896, 158 ff.
Arabic derivation very dub. ; Dl KS 2:4 Hpt Gunk
Gn 2:6 Holz Gn 2:6 Buhl cp. Assyrian edu , flood, mass of waters ( √ ) אדה,
editu, overflow (for irrigation); S B Aq in Gn 2:6 have spring , cloud ,
so Jb 36:27 ; add perhaps Jb 36:30 אֵדוֹfor ( אוֹרוֹDu Dr ).
I.אוה TWOT 39 , 43 1. Arabic betake oneself to a place for dwelling, etc.; 2. id. , be
tenderly inclined .
† I. ִי
אS 336 , 337 , 338 , 339
TWOT 39a , 43a , 76 , 77
GK 362 , 363 , 364 , 365
n. m. Is 20:6 ( †
f. Is. 23:2 ) coast, region ( contr. from אוִי
ֱ so Ol § 152 b
; place whither one
betakes oneself for resting, etc., orig. from mariner’s standpoint ) — ִי
אabs. Is 20:6
+ ; cstr. Je 47:4 ; ( Jb 22:30 v. sub IV. ִי
אcf. Di ) pl. ִאיִּים ψ 72:10 + ; איִּן
ִ Ez
26:18 ( Co איֵּי ) איים ִ Gn 10:5 + ;— coast, border region (mostly late), of Philistia
& Phoenicia with adjacent country Is 20:6 ; 23:2 , 6 ; so of Caphtor ( = Crete) Je
47:4 ; היָּם
ַ ֲשׁר ְבּ ֵעבֶר
ֶ ַמ ְלכֵי ָהאִי אJe 25:22 ; elsewhere pl. , coasts of Kittim Je
2:10 Ez 27:6 , of Elishah v 7 ; different countries (on or in sea) v 3 , 15 , 35 ;
26:15 , 18 ( ×2 ) (last del. Co cf. ) cf. 39:6 , so also ַגּוֹיִם
ִאיֵּי הGn 10:5 ( P
); partic. היָּם
ַ ִאיֵּי = coast-lands & islands Is 11:11 ; 24:15 , || ֶץ
הָאָרEst 10:1 ; v.
(without היָּם
ַ ) Dn 11:18 , & ψ 72:10 , so often Is 2 incl. inhabitants, 41:1 , 5 ;
42:4 , 10 ( ֶם
ְישׁבֵיה
ְ וּמְלֹאוֹ || ִאיִּים ו ) ַהיָּםv 12 ; 49:1 ; 51:5 ; 59:18 ; 60:9 ;
66:19 cf. Je 31:10 ψ 97:1 , Zp 2:11 ( ַגּוֹיִם ;) ִאיֵּי הislands , distinctly (taken up
by י׳as little things) Is 40:15 ; coasts, banks , i.e. habitable lands Is 42:15 ( || ָרוֹת נְה
).
Bev A. A. Bevan.
Gunk H. Gunkel.
Holz H. Holzinger.
† ָר אִי ָתמS 385 GK 418 n.pr. m. ( ( is ) land of palms ? Thes ) youngest (4th)
son of Aaron Ex 6:23 ; 28:1 ; 38:21 Lv 10:6 , 12 , 16 Nu 3:2 , 4 ; 4:28 , 33 ;
7:8 ; 26:60 (all P ) 1 Ch 5:29 ; 24:1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ( ×2 ) , 5 , 6 Ezr 8:2 .
[ אַוS 176
TWOT 36 , 40a
GK 197
] n. m. cstr. אוֹ, Kt Pr 31:4 desire , so Thes
MV ; but < Qr אֵי q.v.
† [ אַוָּהS 185
TWOT 40b
GK 205
] n. f. desire — cstr. אַוַּת Dt 12:15 + 5 times;
sf. ִי
אַוָּתHo 10:10 — desire, will , usually sq. ; נֶפֶשׁof natural human desire
(morally indiff.), for meat Dt 12:15 , 20 , 21 ; of longing for sanctuary 18:6 ; of
royal good pleasure 1 S 23:20 ; without ֶשׁ נֶפ, of wild-ass Je 2:24 ; of divine will
Ho 10:10 .
† אוִי
ֱS 189
GK 209
n.pr. m. ( desire ?) one of five chiefs of Midian Nu 31:8 Jos
13:21 .
אוֹת S 226
TWOT 41a
GK 253
n. m. 79 Ex 4:8 ( f. Jos 24:17 ) sign ( Arabic , pl.
, Aramaic ָא
אָת, ) — א׳Gn 4:15 + ; cstr. 9:12 + ; pl. אוֹתוֹת Ex 4:9 + etc.— 1.
sign, pledge, token Gn 4:15 ( J ); ֶת
ֱאמ אוֹתtrue token Jos 2:12 ( J ); of blood of
passover Ex 12:13 ( P ); ָה אוֹת לְטוֹבtoken for good ψ 86:17 ; pledges, assurances
of travellers Jb 21:29 . 2. signs, omens promised by prophets as pledges of certain
predicted events 1 S 10:7 , 9 + v 1 where א׳ins. B , vid. We Dr ;
especially phr. ל
ְ זֶה הָאוֹתEx 3:12 1 S 2:34 ; 14:10 2 K 19:29 Je 44:29 Is 7:11
, 14 ; prob. also Is 44:25 (of false proph.). 3. sign, symbol of prophets Is 8:18 cf.
Ez 4:3 . 4. signs, miracles , as pledges or attestations of divine presence &
interposition Ex 4:8 ( ×2 ) , 9 ( J ) 7:3 ( P ) 8:19 ( J ) ψ 65:9 ; 74:9 2 K 19:29 ;
20:8 , 9 = Is 37:30 ; 38:7 , 22 ; c. ָשׂה ָ עEx 4:17 , 30 Nu 14:11 , 22 Jos 24:17
(all JE) Dt 11:3 Ju 6:17 ; c. ִצוָּהEx 4:28 ( J ); c. ִשׁית10:1 ( J ); c. ִשׂיםEx
10:2 ( J ) ψ 78:43 Is 66:19 ; ֵת ( הָאוֹת וְהַמּוֹפv. מוֹפֵתDt 13:3 cf. 28:46 Is 20:3
; א׳ אוֹ ם׳Dt 13:2 ; ִים
אוֹתוֹת וּמוֹ ְפתDt 4:34 ; 7:19 ; 26:8 ; 29:2 Je 32:21 ; c.
נָתַןDt 6:22 Ne 9:10 ; c. שׂיםJe 32:20 ψ 105:27 ; c. ָשׁלַחDt 34:11 ψ 135:9 .
Ra Rashi.
5. signs, memorials , stones from Jordan Jos 4:6 ( J ); metal of censers Nu 17:3 ( P
); Aaron’s rod Nu 17:25 ( P ); ָם א׳ עוֹלIs 55:13 prob. also Ez 14:8 ( || ָשׁל ָ ;) מ
signs on hands, etc., Ex 13:9 , 16 ( J ) = Dt 6:8 ; 11:18 , prob. belong here; also
memorial pillar in Egypt Is 19:20 . 6. sign, pledge of covenant, ִית ( א׳ ַה ְבּרv. ברית
) e.g. rainbow, of Noachian covenant Gn 9:12 , 13 , 17 ( P ); circumcision, of
Abrahamic covenant Gn 17:11 ( P ); the sabbath Ex 31:13 , 17 ( P ) Ez 20:12 , 20
. 7. ensigns, standards Nu 2:2 ( P ) ψ 74:4 . 8. signs, tokens of changes of weather
& times Gn 1:14 ( P ; of heavenly luminaries) מיִם ַ ַשּׁ
ָ אוֹתוֹת הJe 10:2 (changes of
the heavens as omens to frighten the nations) cf. ψ 65:9 .
† אוּזַי S 186
GK 206
n.pr. m. a Judæan, Ne 3:25 .
† אוֹיS 188
TWOT 42
GK 208
interj. (onomatop.; cf. ) woe! an impassioned
expression of grief and despair: usually with dative ִי
ל אוֹי Is 6:5 woe to me! for I am
undone, so 24:16 Je 10:19 ; 15:10 ; ָנוּ
ל אוֹיwoe to us! 1 S 4:7 , 8 Je 4:13 ; 6:4 ;
אוֹי־נָא לִי Je 4:31 ; 45:3 ; ָנוּ
ל אוֹי־נָא La 5:16 . With the 2nd or 3rd ps. often implying
a denunciation; ך
ָ אוֹי־ ְל מוֹאָבNu 21:29 ( = Je 48:46 ) Je 13:27 Ez 16:23 repeated
; אוֹי אוֹי ָל ְךIs. 3:9 ְשׁם ָ אוֹי ְלנַפv 11 Ho 7:13 ( || ) שֹׁד ָלהֶם9:12 . With a voc. (or
implicit accus.) Ez 24:6 , 9 ִים ; אוֹי עִיר ַה ָדּמabsol. Nu 24:23 . Used as a subst. Pr
23:29 ִי אוֹי ) ְלמִי אֲבוֹי || ( ִלמ.
† אוֹיָה S 190
GK 210
= אוֹי ψ 120:5 ֣אוֹיָה ֖לִּי.
† II. [ ִי
אS 336 , 337 , 338 , 339
TWOT 39a , 43a , 76 , 77
GK 362 , 363 , 364 , 365
] n. m. jackal
( howler , for אָוִי
v. Ba NB 188 , cf. Arabic , whence ) — pl. ִאיִּים, Is 13:22 ;
34:14 Je 50:39 (inhabitant of desert, ruin).
† II. אַיָּהS 344 , 345 TWOT 43b GK 370 , 371 n.pr. m. ( falcon ) 1. a Horite Gn
36:24 1 Ch 1:40 . 2. father of Rizpah 2 S 3:7 ; 21:8 , 10 , 11 .
† ֱאוִיל מְרֹ ַד ְך S 192
GK 213
n.pr. m. ( Bab. Avêl ( Amêl ) Maruduk, man of
Merodach ) son & successor of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, B.C. 562–60, 2 K
25:27 ( v. COT ) = Je 52:31 .
I. אולTWOT 44 , 45
( be foolish , cf. יאל, & Arabic grow thick (of fluids) ) .
† ֱאוִלִי S 196
TWOT 44b
GK 216
adj. id. Zc 11:15 .
ִאוֶּ֫לֶת S 200
TWOT 44c
GK 222
25 n. f. folly .— abs. Pr 12:23 + ; cstr. 14:8 + ;
II. אולTWOT 44 , 45
, ( אילbe in front of, precede, lead; v. Thes Nö MBA 1880,
33. 34
; v. on the other hand Lag Or ii. p. 3; M i. p. 100
& sub I. אלהinfr. Arabic , etc., from
, v. Lane. )
† I. [ אוּלS 193 TWOT 45a , 45b GK 212 , 214 , 215 ] n. [ m. ] body, belly ; sf. אוּלָם
(in contempt) ψ 73:4 (lit. their front, prominent part ).
† I. ָם
אוּלS 197 , 198 , 199
TWOT 45c , 47
GK 219 , 220 , 221
n. m. 1 K 7:8 porch ( cf.
א׳ —) אֵילָם abs. 1 K 6:3 + ; ָם
ֻאלEz 40:48 , 49 ; cstr. אוּלָם1 K 7:6 + ; ֻאלָם
Ez 40:7 + (margin ָם
ֻאלּ1 K 7:7 , 12 , 21 ); pl. cstr. ֻא ַלמֵּיEz 41:15 ( Co sg. c.
sf. ; in Ez Co reads everywhere אילםvid. אֵילָםinfr. )— porch (only K Ch Ez &
Jo). 1. in Solomon’s temple 1 K 7:19 2 Ch 29:7 , א׳ יהוהv 17 ; 8:12 (altar in
front of); א׳ יהוה15:8 ( id. ), cf. ח ַ בֵּין הָאוּלָם וּבֵין ַה ִמּוְ ֵבּEz 8:16 & Jo 2:17 ; א׳
ַההֵיכָל1 K 7:21 ; א׳ ַה ַבּיִתv 12 ; ַתּ ְבנִית הָא׳1 Ch 28:11 . 2. in Sol.’s palace 1 K
7:8 ( ×2 ) ; ַמּוּדִים א׳ ָהע1 K 7:6 cf. v 6 ; א׳ ַה ִכּסֵּא7:7 = ִשׁפָּט ְ א׳ ַהמּv 7 . 3. in
temple of Ezek.’s vision, partic. ַר ַשּׁע
ַ ; א׳ הEz 40:7 , 8 , ( del. Co vid. S B
) 9 ( ×2 ) , 15 , 39 , 40 ; 44:3 ; 46:2 , 8 ; בּיִת ַ א׳ ַה40:48 cf. v 48 , 49 ; 41:25 ,
26 ; צר ֵ ֻא ַלמֵּי ֶה ָחEz 41:15 Co sg. ואילמו החיצוןv. אֵילָם.—( III. אוּלָם, adv. ,
v. p. 19 .)
I. ֫אַיִל S 352
TWOT 45d , 45e , 45f , 45g
GK 380 , 381 , 382
156 n. m. Gn 22:13 ram ( as
×4 four times.
Pentecost 23:18 ; ( d ) peace-offering ( ִים ) ְשׁ ָלמLv 9:4 , 18 , 19 ; beginning of
month Nu 28:11 , 12 , 14 cf. 29:2 , 3 ; passover 28:19 , 20 cf. Ez 45:23 , 24 ;
day of firstfruits 28:27 , 28 ; in 7th month 29:8 + 18 times Nu 29 ; ( e ) in law of
Nazarite Nu 6:14 , 17 , 19 ; ( f ) in consecration of altar of tabernacle Nu 7:15 + 25
times Nu 7 , cf. consecr. of Ezek.’s temple-altar Ez 43:23 , 25 ; ( g ) more
generally 1 S 15:22 Is 1:11 Mi 6:7 Jb 42:8 ψ 66:15 , also Is 34:6 ; 60:7 ; at
bringing ark to Jerus. 1 Ch 15:26 ; other occasions 29:21 2 Ch 13:9 ; 29:21 , 22 ,
32 Ezr 8:35 ; cf. fig. Je 51:40 Ez 39:18 . 3. ִים עֹרֹת אֵילִים מְאָ ָדּמrams’ skins
dyed red , of covering of tabernacle Ex 25:5 ; 26:14 35:7 , 23 ; 36:19 cf. 39:34
(all P ).
pilaster — א׳abs. 1 K 6:31 (but v. infr. ) cstr. id. Ez 40:14 (but del. Co ) 16
( Co better ָיו
אֵיל ;) אֵיל41:3 , אֵל40:48 ; pl. אֵילִים 40:14 + ; ִם
אֵיל40:10 ; sf.
אילוKt 40:9 + 7 times; אלוKt 40:29 + 2 times Qr (in all) אֵילָיו, ; ֵאלָיו
ֵאלֵי ֵהמָֿה40:16 ;— pilaster or projection in wall at each side of entrance ( cf. Bö
Proben , 302; NÄ 927
), in Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:31 ( Bö NÄ 525 reads ָם
) אֵיל, in Ezek.’s
temple Ez 40:9 , 10 + 14 times Ez 40 . 41 + 40:14a Ew Hi Co אילםcf.
B ; 40:38 read אילםso Sm Co cf. ; 40:14b Co del. א׳.
† III. ֫ S
[ אַיִל 352
TWOT 45d , 45e , 45f , 45g
GK 380 , 381 , 382
?] n. m. leader, chief ( =
ram, as leader of flock? cf. Di Ex 15:15 Ol § 142 f
Lag BN 170
& v. Ez 34:17 )
— cstr. אֵלEz 31:11 ; pl. cstr. אֵילֵיEx 15:15 Ez 17:13 + 2 K 24:15 Qr ( Kt
אוליv. ֵאלֵי ;) אוּלEz 32:21 ( del. Co , v. ).— leader, chief א׳ מוֹאָבEx
15:15 ; ֶץ א׳ הָאָרEz 17:13 2 K 24:15 Qr ; א׳ גּוֹיִםEz 31:11 ( ֵאלִיםJb 41:17 v.
sub I. - ; אלהperhaps ֶם ֵאלֵיהEz 31:14 but cf. infr. IV. & אילalso אֶלNote 1).
† IV. ֫ S
[ אַיִל 352
TWOT 45d , 45e , 45f , 45g
GK 380 , 381 , 382
?] n. m. terebinth ( prob.
as prominent, lofty tree, v. Di Gn 12:6 ; 14:6 ) — cstr. אֵילonly n.pr. אֵיל
פָּארָןvid. infr. ; pl. אֵילִיםIs 1:29 ; ֵאלִיםIs 57:5 cstr. אֵילֵיIs 61:3 ; sf.
ֵאלֵיהֶםEz 31:14 ( > del. Co vid. B A ).— terebinth ( cf. ;) ֵאלָהas marking
idol-shrines Is 1:29 ; 57:5 (so Che Di etc. > gods ); fig. of ransomed ones of
Zion ֶק ; אֵילֵי ַה ֶצּד61:3 ; perhaps of haughty ones Ez 31:14 .
† [ ִים
] אֵיל, always אֵילִםS 362
GK 396
n.pr.loc. ( = place of terebinths or other
great trees, v. Di Gn 14:6 & Ex 15:27 ( 12 f ountains & 70 palms) ) 2nd station
אֵי֫ ִלמEx 15:27 Nu
of Isr. in desert after passing sea Ex 16:1 ( ×2 ) Nu 33:9 , 10 ; ָה
BR i. 100, 105
33:9 ; prob. = Wady Gharandel cf. Rob .
† I. ָה
ֵאלS 424 , 425
TWOT 45h
GK 461 , 462 , 463
n. f. terebinth ( = )?( אֵילָה v.
IV. > איל Sta Gesch. 455
wh. derives from ֵל
= אdivine; but cf. ib. on lack of clear
distinction betw. ָה
ֵאל, — ) אַלּוֹן & אֵלוֹןGn 35:4 + 15 times + אֵילָהGn 49:21 (for
MT ָה אַיָּלv. infr. )— terebinth = Pistacia terebinthus , Linn , a deciduous tree
with pinnate leaves & red berries; occasional in Palestine; grows to great age; always
of single tree; near Shechem Gn 35:4 ( E ) cf. † ָה אַלּJos 24:26 ( E , read )? ֵאלָה,
Ophrah Ju 6:11 , 19 ; in Jabesh 1 Ch 10:12 ; tree in which Absalom was caught 2 S
18:9 ( ×2 ) , 10 , 14 ; v. also 1 K 13:14 ; expressly of idol-shrine Ho 4:13 ( || אַלּוֹן,
) ִל ְבנֶה Ez 6:13 ; as fading, withering, sim. of Judah Is 1:30 ; as hewn down, sim.
id. 6:13 ( || ;) אַלּוֹןfig. of Naphtali ָה
ְשׁ ֻלח אֵילָה Gn 49:21 ( Ew Ol Di >
MT אַיָּלָהhind q.v. ) a slender terebinth , v. Di & cf. II. ; ֵאלָהin topogr.
designat. ָא׳ ֵעמֶק ה1 S 17:2 , 19 ; 21:10 ( v. ) ֵעמֶק.
† I. ֵלוֹן
אS 356 , 436
TWOT 45i
GK 471 , 472
n. [ f. ] terebinth ( = א׳ — ) ֵאלָה
cstr. Gn 12:6 + 4 times; pl. cstr. ֵלוֹנֵי אGn 13:18 + 3 times— terebinth (or other
tall tree, cf. infr. on 1 S 10:3 Ju 4:5 ), marking shrine, & hence used in topogr.
designations; ֶה ( א׳ מוֹרteacher’s terebinth ) Gn 12:6 ( v. Di ) so Dt 11:30 ; א׳
( מְעוֹנְנִיםconjurors’ tereb. ) Ju 9:37 ; distinguished by owner or ruler ֵא
ַמ ְמר א׳Gn
13:18 ; 14:13 ; 18:1 ; by neighbouring town (ב)צעניםJu 4:11 ; cf. א׳ ְבּ ַצ ֲעַגנִּים
† אֵלֹנִי S 440
GK 533
adj. gent. of ֵלוֹן
א1. (as n. coll. ) Nu 26:26 .
† אֵילַת S 359
GK 397
n.pr.loc. ( lofty tree ( s coll. ?) i.e. palms? cf. Di Gn
14:6 ) town & harbour, N.E. arm of Red Sea, hence called Ælanitic Gulf ( = Gulf of
Akaba, from neighbouring fortress) Dt 2:8 2 K 14:22 ; 16:6 ( ×2 ) (perhaps later
designat. for fuller איל פארןq.v. ) = Αἰλων, Αἰλαθ , Gr. Αἰλανα , etc.; = ָה ֵאל
(? Gn 36:41 v. Di ), ֵילוֹת
אinfr.
† אֵילוֹת S 359
GK 393
n.pr.loc. id. ( grove of lofty trees (palms?) ) 1 K 9:26 2
K 16:6 2 Ch 8:17 ; 26:2 ( cf. אֵיל פָּאוָן, ) אֵילַת.
[ ָם
אֵילS 361
TWOT 45j
GK 395
] n. m. porch ( =
אוּלָם, q.v. ; only Ez, where
Co always for ָם אוּל, cf. αἰλαμ ; Bö NÄ 929 makes אילםvestibule , אולם
porch ) — ָם אֵילread for אֵילִיםEz 40:37 (so Sm Co ); sf. אילמוKt Ez 40:22 (
×2 )
+ 4 times ( Qr ָיו ) ֵאי ַלמּ+ 41:15 Co (for MT אלמו ;) ֻא ַלמֵּיKt Ez 40:21 + 6
times ( Qr ָיו ) ֵא ַלמּ.— Co all sg. :— pl. ֵאלַמּוֹתEz 40:16 ( Co sg. ) v 30 ( del.
Co cf. MSS. of ℌ , B etc., also Ew Hi Sm ).— porch , of Ezek.’s temple Ez
40:16 , 21 + 13 times.
† אַיָּלוֹן S 357
GK 389
n.pr.loc. ( Deer -field ) Aijalon — א׳ Jos 10:12 + 8
times; אַיָּלֹ֫נָה1 S 14:31 — 1. city in Dan Jos 19:42 ; 21:24 (Levit. city) Ju 1:35 ;
1 S 14:31 doubtless same; so 1 Ch 6:54 (where Dan om.); app. later in Benj. 1 Ch
8:13 2 Ch 11:10 ; 28:18 ( v. Be ); ֶק אַיָּלוֹן ֵעמJos 10:12 almost certainly named
from same; = Epiph. Ιαλω , mod. Jâlo Rob BR ii. 253 , Survey iii. 19 . 2. city in
Zebulun Ju 12:12 .
† I. [ ַי
אוּלS 194 , 195
TWOT 46
GK 217 , 218
] n.pr. fl. Ulai, Eulaeus ( Assyrian Ulâi
, cf. Dl Gr. Εὐλαιος ) only ל֑י
Pa 329
ָ אוּ, river of Elam Dn 8:2 , 16 ; = (at least in
lower part) mod. Karûn (old Pasitigris ) v. Dl Pa 177.189.329 ; in upper part perhaps
also = mod. Kerkhah ( = Choaspes), which was formerly connected with Kar̂n not
far from Susa ( Loftus Trav. & Researches, 423 ff Schaff-Herz. iii. 2178, art. Shushan ).
I. אוןTWOT 48 , 49
( cf. Arabic (med. ) be fatigued, tired , weariness, sorrow, trouble
. cf. also Bev JPhil. xxvi. 300–2
.)
— abs. Nu 23:21 + ; sf. אוֹנִי Gn 35:18 etc.; pl. אוֹנִים Ho 9:4 — 1. trouble,
sorrow ֶן־אוֹנִי
בּson of my trouble or sorrow Gn 35:18 ( E ); לֹא ִהבִּיט אָוֶן ְבּיַעֲקֹב
Nu 23:21 (song of Balaam), he doth not behold trouble in Jacob ( || he doth not see
mischief— ָל — ָעמin Isr.); often || ָעמָל, ψ 7:15 ( ִהנֵּה יְ ַחבֶּל־אָוֶןlo he travaileth
ָשׁ֑ק
with trouble || ֶר וְ ָהרָה ָעמָל וְיָלַד, yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth
a lie ), prob. thence Jb 15:35 ( ָל וְיָלֹד אָוֶן = ) הָרֹה ָעמIs 59:4 ; cf. ָעמָל וָאָוֶןψ
10:7 ; 55:11 ; 90:10 ; Jb 4:8 ; 5:6 Is 10:1 ( v. ָל ;) ָעמalso זוֹ ֵר ַע ַעוְלָה יִ ְקצָר־אָוֶן
Pr 22:8 the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble; in this sense elsewhere only Dt
26:14 Pr 12:21 Je 4:15 Hb 3:7 Am 5:5 , pl. intens. ֶם אוֹנִים ֶלחbread of trouble,
sorrow , or mourning Ho 9:4 . 2. idolatry Ho 12:12 ; צ֑ר
ַ ַה ְפ אָוֶן וּ ְת ָרפִים
stubbornness is idolatry & ( the use of ) teraphim 1 S 15:23 (poet. source); ֵית
בּ אָוֶן
Ho 4:15 (for ֵל
א בֵּיתbecause Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also
5:8 ; 10:5 cf. בָּמוֹת א׳Ho 10:8 ; ִבּ ְקעַת א׳Am 1:5 (Baalbek); בַּחוּרֵי א׳read אוֹן
, = אֹןOn, Heliopolis Ez 30:17 ;— abstr. for concr. = idols Is 41:29 ; 66:3 . 3.
trouble of iniquity, wickedness , אָוֶן ְמתֵיJb 22:15 ; ְשׁי א׳
ֵ אַנ34:36 = men of
trouble, troublers, wicked men; cf. אִישׁ א׳Pr 6:12 Is 55:7 ; פֹּ ֲעלֵי אָוֶןworkers of
trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Jb 31:3 ; 34:8 , 22 ψ 5:6 + (16 times
chiefly late ψ ) Pr 10:29 ; 21:15 Is 31:2 Ho 6:8 ; ְשׁבוֹת אָוֶן ְ ַמחthoughts of trouble,
wicked imaginations Pr 6:18 Is 59:7 Je 4:14 ; often of words & thoughts Jb 11:11
+ (5 times) ψ 36:5 + (9 times) Pr 17:4 ; 19:28 ; 30:20 Is 29:20 ; 32:6 ; 58:9 ;
59:6 Ez 11:2 Mi 2:1 Hb 1:3 Zc 10:2 ; ָה לֹא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַ ֲע ָצרIs 1:13 I cannot
bear iniquity with the solemn meeting ( RV & most mod.; AV it is iniquity, even the
solemn meeting ).
II. אוןTWOT 48 , 49
( cf. Arabic (med. ) be at rest, at ease, enjoy life of plenty; one
enjoying a life of ease, freedom from toil & trouble ) .
אוֹנוֹ S 207 GK 229 n.pr.loc. ( vigorous , for ) אונוןcity in Benjamin Ezr 2:33 Ne
7:37 ; 11:35 1 Ch 8:12 ; valley of same name Ne 6:2 ; prob. Kefr Anâ , NW. of
Lydda, Survey II, 251 .
AV Authorized Version.
III. אוֹן S 202 , 203 , 204
TWOT 49a
GK 226 , 227 , 228
n.pr.loc. v. אֹן.
† אוּפָז S 210
GK 233
( ) whence came gold, זָהָב מֵא׳
n.pr.loc. unknown & dub.
Je 10:9 ; ֶם א׳ כֶּֽתDn 10:5 ; so Thes 1 K 10:18 ;) מֵא׳ = מוּפָז ( זָהָב מוּפָזbut
δόκιμος , & 2 Ch 9:17 ָהוֹר ט, whence MV Klo make מוּפָזHoph. Pt. from פזז
q.v. Klo reads ִיר ( אוֹפq.v. ) for אוּפָזJe 10:9 Dn 10:5 , in view of ֶכּתֶם אוֹפִירIs
13:12 . crpt., v. Siegf ThLZ , Nov. 7, 1883, 530 ; he expl. ֵא׳
מJe 10:9 as error for מוּפָז1
K 10:18 , and א׳Dn 10:5 as borrowed from Je 10:9 ; in Je 10:9 Gie reads
מֵאוֹפִיר, Du either this or ( מוּפָזv. ;) פזזread מֵאוֹפִירperhaps also Dn 10:5 ( Dr
).
אוֹפִיר S 211
TWOT 50
GK 234 , 235
אוֹ ִפ֫יר
n.pr. Ophir — א׳1 K 10:11 + ; ָה
9:28 + ִר
† אוֹפGn 10:29 ; † אֹפִיר1 K 10:11 — 1. n.pr. m. 11th son of Joktan
Gn 10:29 ( J ) = 1 Ch 1:23 ; Οὐφειρ, Ωφειρ , name of an Arabian tribe, vid.
Gn 10:30 & Di . 2. n.pr.loc. ( land or city S. or SE. from Palestine, exact position
unknown, cf. infr. ; Σωφηρα, Σωφειρα, Σουφειρ , etc.; Jb 28:16 Ωφειρ AC,
cf. 1 K 22:49 A Ωφειρδε , B om. ) place whither Sol.’s ships went from Ezion
Geber, bringing thence gold 1 K 9:28 — cf. 22:49 — 2 Ch 8:18 ; gold, almug-
(sandal-?) wood & gems 1 K 10:11 ( ×2 ) , cf. 2 Ch 9:10 ; prob. 1 K 10:22 ref. to
same ships; they came once in 3 years with gold, silver, ivory, apes & peacocks (all
from Ophir?); 2 Ch 9:21 makes these ships go to Tarshish (but on Tarshish-ships,
i.e. large, sea-going vessels, merchantmen, v. 1 K 22:49 & sub ְשׁישׁ ִ ) ַתּר. 3.
characteristic of fine gold (poet. & late) א׳ זְהַב 1 Ch 29:4 ; א׳ ֶכּחֶם Is 13:12 Jb
28:16 ψ 45:10 . 4. hence for fine gold itself Jb 22:24 ( || ֶר ) ֶבּצ.— ( If 2 = 1 , the
southern, prob. south-eastern, Arabia ( cf. Di Gn 10:29 ) furnished the gold; and
other articles, which point farther E. (e.g. to India, toward which the words ִים
קוֹפ
apes & כּיִּיםִ ֻתּpeacockes seem to lead), were either brought to Ophir by traders, & so
found there by Sol.’s men, or were found elsewhere by the latter, whose cruise may
have taken them beyond Ophir, the name of Ophir alone, as source of gold-supply,
being preserved. If (less likely) 1 & 2 are not the same, the only data for determining
loc. of 2 are the articles brought, & one may look toward India, Ceylon or other
islands, or even lower Africa. Particular theories have as yet no adequate support; e.g.
Siegf C. Siegfried.
ThLZ Theol. Literaturzeitung.
Gie F. Giessebrecht.
( a ) old city Supara , or Uppara , in the region of Goa, Malabar coast ( cf. supr.
2 , but also 1 ; form with Σ said on Copt. authority to denote India, v. Jablonskii
Opusc. ed. te Water i. 337
; cf. also Jos Ant. viii, 6, 4 ; in that case its use by may indicate a
theory of the location of Ophir); ( b ) peninsula Malacca; ( c ) island Sumatra; ( d )
Sofâla , with city Zimbabye (SE. Africa); ( e ) west coast of Arabia (where gold &
silver formerly found), etc. On these & other theories, v. Di Gn 10:29 Ri HWB ,
Herzog, Smith Dict. Bib. ; cf. Glaser Skizze ii. 367 ff. WMM As. u. Eur. 111 identifies with
Egypt. Pvnt , on W. coast of Red Sea ) .
†[ אוּץS 213
TWOT 51
GK 237
] vb. press, be pressed make haste — Qal Pf.
אָץ Jos 10:13 ; 17:15 ; ִי ֫אַ ְצתּJe 17:16 Pt. אָץPr 19:2 + 3 times Pr; אָצִיםEx 5:13
;— 5. press, hasten ( trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 ( E ). 6. ( intr. ) be pressed,
confined, narrow Jos 17:15 ריִם ַ כִּי אָץ ְל ָך הַר־ ֶא ְפ. 7. hasten, make haste , sq. ל+ Inf.
( לֹא אָץ לָבוֹאJ , of sun); Pr 28:20 ֲשׁיר
Jos 10:13 ִ א׳ ַל ַהעsq. מִןJe 17:16 לֹא א׳
; מֵרוֹעֶהsq. ( בof particular in wh. one hastens) Pr 19:2 ( ;) ַבּ ַרְג ַליִם29:20 ( ִבּ ַד ָברִים
); cf. also Pr 21:5 ַסוֹר וַכָל־אָץ אַ ְך ַל ַמח. Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאִיצוּGn 19:15 ; ָתּאִיצוּIs
22:4 — hasten ( tr. ) sq. בGn 19:15 ( J ); sq. ל+ Inf. ָא׳ ַלנַ ֲח ֵמנִי אַל־תּIs 22:4 .
(May be Qal Impf. , & vb. ע׳י.)
† II. [ ָה
אוֹרS 219
TWOT 52b , 52c
GK 245 , 246
] n. f. herb ( so Mish. , Ges cf.
נצץ, Arabic = lights & flowers , & Sam. ֶשׁא = יאר ֶ דּof Gn 1:11 , 12 ) only pl.
אֹרֹתherbs 2 K 4:39 ( cf. Is 26:19 supr. sub I. ) אוֹרָה.
† ֻארִים S 224
GK 797
n. [ m. ] pl. region of light, East Is 24:15 ( so Ges
MV Ew De Di RV ; Lo Hi Kn Che read = אייםcoasts , so Cdd. ;—
mostly om. B in doctrina , thinking of Urim , vid. Br MP 297
).
† ִי אוּרS 221 GK 247 n.pr. m. ( fiery , or contr. for ) אוּ ִריָּה1. prince of Judah
Ex 31:2 ; 35:30 ; 38:22 1 Ch 2:20 2 Ch 1:5 ; 2. a porter Ezr 10:24 ; 3. father of an
officer of Solomon 1 K 4:19 .
† אוּרִיאֵל S 222
GK 248
n.pr. m. ( flame of Ēl or my light is Ēl , v. אֵלsub אלה
; cf. Ph. ארמלךin Assyrian Urumilki ( Sen Taylor Cylind. ii. 50
, cf. COT 2 K 18:13 )
) 1. chief of Levit. line of Kohath, in time of David 1 Ch 6:9 ; 15:5 , 11 . 2. maternal
grandfather of Abijah 2 Ch 13:2 .
אוּ ִריָּה S 223 GK 249 n.pr. m. ( flame of Yah or my light is Yah v. ) יָהּ. 1. Hittite
husband of Bathsheba 2 S 11:3f ; 23:39 . 2. priest in reign of Ahaz Is 8:2 2 K
16:10f. 3. priest in time of Nehemiah Ezr 8:33 Ne 3:4 , 21 ; 8:4 .
† ִיר יָאS 2971 GK 3281 n.pr. m. ( he enlightens , or one giving light ) . 1. son of
Manasseh Nu 32:41 ( ×2 ) Dt 3:14 ( ×2 ) Jos 13:30 1 K 4:13 1 Ch 2:22 , 23 . 2. a
judge in Gilead Ju 10:3 , 4 , 5 . 3. father of Mordecai Est 2:5 .
† מָאוֹר S 3974
TWOT 52f
GK 4401
n. m. luminary — abs. Gn 1:16 + ; cstr.
מְאוֹר Pr 15:30 + ; pl. ְאוֹרֹת מGn 1:15 ; מְאֹרֹתv 14 , 16 ; cstr. מְאוֹרֵיEz
32:8 — light, light-bearer, luminary, lamp , of sun & moon Gn 1:14 , 15 , 16 ( ×3 ) (
P ) Ez 32:8 ; moon ψ 74:16 ; ָאוֹר מְנֹרַת ַהמּthe lamp-stand of the luminary or light
(where ַםּ׳
הis sum of seven sacred lamps on golden lamp-stand) Ex 35:14 ( ×2 )
, 28
; 39:37 Nu 4:9 , 16 , cf. Ex 25:6 ; 27:20 ; 35:8 Lv 24:2 (all P ); מְאוֹר־עֵינַיִם
֑ ְשׂמַּח־ל
ֵב ַי Pr 15:30 the luminary of the eyes ( = the eyes as a lamp) gives the light
of joy to the heart; ך
ָ מְאוֹר ָפּנֶיψ 90:8 the luminary of thy face (thy face as a lamp)
in the light of which the secrets are exposed.
† [ ָה
מְאוּרS 3975
TWOT 52g
GK 4402
] n. f. light-hole —only cstr. = — מְאוּרַת
den of great viper Is 11:8 , cf. מָאוֹר Mish. Ohaloth 13:1 (others eye-ball
Ew De Di ).
† III. אוּרS 217 , 218 , 224 TWOT 52d GK 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 n.pr.loc. Ur ( Bab. Uru ;
seat of moon-god worship; hence Eupolemos in Euseb Praep. Ev. ix. 17 says Καμαρίνῃ ἥν
τινας λέγειν πόλιν Οὐρίην ) , ancient city in Southern Babylonia; OT always אוּר
ַשׂדִּים
ְ כּ, i.e. Ur of the Kasdim (Chaldeans) v. ַשׂדִּים
ְ כּsub ; כשׂדhome of Terah,
Abram’s father, & A.’s point of departure for departure for Mesopotamia & Canaan
Gn 11:28 ; 15:7 (both J ), & hence Ne 9:7 ; also Gn 11:31 ( P )—mod. Muqayyar ,
south of Euphrates, c. 150 miles SE. of Babylon; v. KG 94 f Dl Pa 226 f COT on
Gn 11:28 .
ֲאוֵרוֹת S 219
TWOT 52b
GK 246
v. ֻא ְריָהsub I. ארה.
†[ אוּתS 225
TWOT 53
GK 252
] vb. only Niph. Impf. consent, agree ( cf. Rab.
נֵיאוֹתNiph. Pt. especially enjoying NHWB 48 ) sq. ְלGn 34:22 ; יֵאֹתוּ לָנוּv 15
; נֵאוֹת ָלכֶםv 23 ; נֵאוֹתָה ָלהֶםsq. Inf. 2 K 12:9 ְל ִב ְלתִּי ְקחַת־ ֶכּסֶף וַיֵּאֹתוּ
הַבֹּ ֲהנִים.
† ֵאָז מTWOT 54a ( cf. ) , once ( Je 44:18 ) מִן־אָז, lit. from that time: used ( a )
absol. , as adv. = in time past , of old , whether of a nearer 2 S 15:34 Is 16:13 , or
of a remoter past Is 44:8 ; 45:21 ; 48:3 , 5 , 7 , 8 ψ 93:2 Pr 8:22 ; ( b ) with foll.
gen. or relat. clause, as prep. or conj. = from time of, since . With subst. Ru 2:7
מֵאָז הַבֹּקֶרfrom time of morning ψ 76:8 ; with infin. Ex 4:10 מֵאָז ַדּ ֶבּ ְר ָךsince
thy speaking unto thy servant; with finite vb. Gn 39:5 Ex 5:23 וג׳ וּמֵאָז בָּאתִיand
since I came unto Pharaoh, etc. 9:24 Jos 14:10 Is 14:8 Je 44:18 .
† ֲאזַי S 233
TWOT 54
GK 259
= ( אָזprob. a dialectic form; cf. Aramaic דיִן
ַ ) ֱא
then, in that case ψ 124:3 , 4 , 5 , in apod. after ֵי
לוּל: cf. אָז ψ 119:92 .
† אֵזוֹב S 231
TWOT 55
GK 257
n. m. 1 K 5:13 hyssop ( Mish. אזוב, Aramaic
, Arabic Frey ., Ethiopic ὕσσωπος , herb of purging qualities, but perhaps not
precise botanical term, v. Di Lv 14:6f , also Löw 93
) prob. a kind of wild
marjoram ( origanum Maru ) Post Hast DB HYSSOP
.— א׳abs. Ex 12:22 + 4 times;
אֵזֹבLv 14:4 + 4 times;— hyssop , little plant ( contr. ֶארֶזcedar ) 1 K 5:13 , הָא׳
ֲשׁר יֹצֵא ַבּקִּיר
ֶ ; אEx 12:22 ( J ) ֲאֻגדַּת א׳a bunch of h. for sprinkling blood on
doorposts; without אגרת, used in cleansing from leprosy Lv 14:4 , 6 , 49 , 51 , 52
; burnt with red heifer Nu 19:6 ; used in cleansing with ashes of red heifer v 18 (all
P ); cf. ψ 51:9 ה֑רָ ְתּ ַח ְטּ ֵאנִי בְּ׳ וְ ֶא ְט.
אַזְָכּרָה S 234
TWOT 551d
GK 260
v. זכר.
† אָזַלS 235
TWOT 56
GK 261
vb. go (mostly poet.) ( id. , Biblical Aramaic
ֲאזַל, Syriac ) — Qal Pf. אָזַל1 S 9:7 ; 3 fs. ( ֽאָזְלַתpoet.) Dt 32:36 ; ֽאָזְלוּJb 14:11 ;
Impf. 2 fs. ִי ( ֵתּזְלfor ) תֵּאזְלִיJe 2:36 ; Pt. אֹזֵלPr 20:14 — go away Pr 20:14 ; go
about Je 2:36 ְשׁנּוֹת ַ ; אֶת־ ַדּ ְר ֵכּ֑ ְך מַה־ ֵתּזְלִי מְאֹד לbe gone, exhausted, used up Dt
32:36 (subj. יָדstrength ); sq. ִן מ1 S 9:7 ; ַה ֶלּחֶם אָזַל ִמ ֵכּלֵינוּJb 14:11 ֽאָזְלוּ ַמיִם
; ִמנִּי־יָםPu. Pt. מְאוּזָּלEz 27:19 ( RV yarn , cf. Aramaic עזלspin but) read מֵאוּזָל,
v. sub אוּזָלinfr. , so S Hi Sm Co .
† [ אזֶל
ֶS 237
GK 262
] only ָאָ֑זֶל
ה1 S 20:19 read ַה ָלּ(א)זq.v.
† אוּזָל S 187
GK 207
n.pr. m. ( Sam. איזל, Αἰζηλ ) 6th son of Joktan Gn
10:27 1 Ch 1:21 = n.pr.loc. Ez 27:19 , read ֵאוּזָל
מ S Hi Sm Co ; old
capital of Yemen, later San’â , cf. Di Gn 10:27 .
֫
אֹזֶן S 241
TWOT 57a
GK 265
188 n. f. Ex 29:20 ear ( Arabic , Aramaic , דנָא
ְ אוּ,
Assyrian uznu , Ethiopic ) — abs. 2 S 22:45 + ; cstr. Ex 29:20 + ; sf. אָזְנִי1 S
20:2 + , etc.; du. ) ֑נָיִם ( אָזְנַיִםDt 29:3 + ; cstr. אָזְנֵיGn 23:10 + ; sf. ) ־נָ֑י ( אָזְנַי
Nu 14:28 + ; (never with article).— 1. ear , as part of body; of human being, as
bearing earring Gn 35:4 Ex 32:2 , 3 (all JE) Ez 16:12 ; pierced by a master Ex
21:6 ( E ) Dt 15:17 ; touched with blood in consecration ( ך א׳ ְ תְּנוּtip of ear ) Lv
8:23 , 24 ; 14:14 , 17 , 25 , 28 ; cut off by enemy Ez 23:25 (of ָה
אָ ֳהלִיבq.v. ); ear
of dog Pr 26:17 ֶב ; ַמ ֲחזִיק בְּאָזְנֵי־ ָ ֑כלof sheep Am 3:12 (fragment rescued from
lion). 2. especially as organ of hearing , a. of man Dt 29:3 2 S 22:45 = ψ 18:45 ,
Jb 42:5 Is 30:21 ; implanted ( ) נטעby י׳ψ 94:9 ; of idols (do not hear) ψ 115:6 ;
135:17 ; ַע בא׳ ָשׁמ2 S 7:22 + 8 times; especially בְּא׳after vb. of saying = in the
ears, in the hearing of Gn 20:8 ( E ) 23:10 , 13 , 16 ( P ) 44:18 ; 50:4 ( J ) Dt
5:1 ; 31:11 , 28 , 30 + 44 times; cf. Is 5:9 ( vb. om.); after noun of utterance,
sound 1 S 15:14 Jb 13:17 ; 15:21 ; cf. א׳after verbal noun Ez 24:26 ( ָעוּת ַשׁמְ ְלה
) א׳ cf. Is 11:3 ; א׳
ִהטָהincline the ear = give attention ψ 45:11 Pr 22:17 + 9
times; sq. לψ 49:5 + 4 times; so ְשׁיב א׳ ִ ִהקIs 32:3 ; Pr 2:2 ( sq. ֵהבִיא א׳ ל׳ ;) ל
Pr 23:2 ; as receiving words ַח א׳ ִתּקּJb 4:12 cf. Je 9:19 ; as tingling ( ) צללat
dreadful news 1 S 3:11 2 K 21:12 Je 19:3 ; as hearing with satisfaction, triumph ψ
92:12 ֑ענָה אָזְנָי
ְ ִשׁ ַמ
ְ ) וַ ַתּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּ׳ || ( תּbut Che del. ; as intelligent (involving
mental process) ָהּ
ל ָשׁׁ ְמעָה א׳ וַ ָתּבֶןJb 13:1 ; א׳ ִמלִּין ִתּ ְב ָח֑ןJb 12:11 cf. 34:3 ;
as unsatisfied Ec 1:8 עַ ִֹשּׁמ ְ ; לֹא ִת ָמּלֵא א׳ מas seeking ( ) בקשׁknowledge Pr
18:15 ; as hearing & blessing Jb 29:11 ; cf. ַת א׳ שֹׁ ַמעPr 20:12 ; 25:12 a hearing
(responsive, obedient) ear; cf. Pr 15:31 Is 43:8 ; opp. stopping the ears (wilful
ignorance) ִן־ אֹטֵם א׳ מPr 21:13 cf. Is 33:15 ; also of adder in simile of wicked
ψ 58:5 ֵמסִיר א׳ מִן־ ; כְּמוֹ ֶפתֶן ֵחדֵשׁ יַ ְא ֵטם אָוְנוֹPr 28:9 so ֲע ֵרלָה א׳their ear is
uncircumcised Je 6:10 ; ִיד א׳ ִה ְכבּZc 7:11 cf. Is 48:8 Je 5:21 Ez 12:2 ; cf. also
Is 42:20 . b. of Yahweh, ְא׳ י׳ בּafter vb. of utterance Nu 11:18 ( J ) 14:28 ( P ) 1
S 8:21 Ez 8:18 ; after ָה ָעל2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29 ; after בּוֹאψ 18:7 cf. 2 S 22:7
where vb. om.; so also (after noun without vb. ) Nu 11:1 ( J ) ְא׳ י׳ בּ1 Ch 28:8
nearly = in presence of; incline the ear ָה א׳ ִהטּ2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17 Dn 9:18 ψ
86:1 ; sq. לְ ψ 17:6 ; 88:3 ; 116:2 ; sq. אֶל־ψ 31:3 ; 71:2 ; 102:3 ; ְשׁיב א׳ ִ ִהקψ
10:17 ; ל א׳ְ ַשּׁבוֹת ֻ ק2 Ch 6:40 ; 7:15 ψ 80:2 cf. 130:2 ; id. sq. אֶל־Ne 1:6 ,
11 ; vb. om. ֶל־
א א׳ ψ 34:16 ; cf. Is 59:1 ; לֹא כָֽ ְבדָה א׳ La 3:56 אַל־ ַתּ ְעלֵם א׳
ל׳. 3. † ָגּלָה א׳open ears of, reveal to , subj. man 1 S 20:2 , 12 , 13 ; 22:8 ( ×2 ) ,
17 Ru 4:4 ; subj. י׳1 S 9:15 2 S 7:27 1 Ch 17:25 ; ָד גּ׳ א׳ לַמּוּסJb 36:10 , cf. v
15 ; ָה א׳ ָכּרψ 40:7 ; ִשׁמֹ ַע
ְ יָעִירלִי א׳לIs 50:4 ; ָפּתַח־לִי א׳Is 50:5 ; cf. וְא׳
ְשׁים ִתּ ָפּ ַת ְחנָה
ִ ֵחרIs 35:5 ; opp. judicial deafness Mi 7:16 Is 6:10 .
† [ אָזֵןS 240
TWOT 57b
GK 266
] n. [ m. ] coll. implements, tools ( from
ֲ , weapons ) ֲאזֵנֶ֑ךָ׃Dt 23:14 (Cdd. אזניך
sharpness? Aramaic אזֵנִין B אֵזֹר
cf. Di ).
† אָזְנִי S 244
GK 269 , 270
n.pr. m. a son of Gad Nu 26:16 ( my hearing , or my
ear ? Gn 46:16 ֶאצְבּוֹן q.v. )
† אָזְנִי S 244
GK 269 , 270
adj. gent. from same, ָאָזְנִי
הNy 26:16.
consec. consecutive.
acc. rei acc. of thing.
† ֲאזַנֵיָ֫הוּ n.pr. m. ( Yahweh hath heard ) father of Jeshua, a Levite Ne 10:10 .
† ָבוֹר
תּ אַזְנוֹתּ n.pr.loc. ( peaks of Tabor? pl. ) Jos 19:34 place in Naphtali cf.
Di .
† [ מאזןS 3976
TWOT 58a
GK 4404
] n. [ m. ] du. balances, scales ( Arabic ,
Aramaic ( Nasar .) ) — ) ־ָנ֑יִם ( מֹאזְנַיִםIs 40:15 + 4 times; cstr. מֹאזְנֵיLv 19:36
+ 9 times— balances , for weighing money Je 32:10 ְם׳ ֶשׁקֹל ַה ֶכּסֶף בּ ְ ; וָאhair Ez
5:1 ( ָל ִשׁק
ְ ַשׁחַק ם׳ ;) ם׳ מIs 40:15 dust of bal. , sim. of insignif. of nations bef. י׳
; fig. , calamity Jb 6:2 ; men ψ 62:10 ; hills Is 40:12 ( ַל ָהרִים וּגְבָעוֹת בְּם׳ ָשׁק
ם׳ ֶצדֶק ;) ַבּ ֶפּלֶסLv 19:36 ( || אַ ְבנֵי־ץ׳, אֵיפַת ץ׳, ) הִין ץ׳, Ex 45:10 ( || אֵיפַת־ץ׳,
) בַּת־ץ׳cf. Pr 16:11 ( ִשׁפָּט ְ ;) ֶפּלָס וּא׳ מfig. Jb 31:6 ִשׁ ְק ֵלנִי בְּם׳ ְ ; ֶצדֶק יopp.
ם׳ ִמ ְרמָהPr 11:1 ( || ;) ֶאבֶן ְשׁ ֵלמָה20:23 ( || ) ֶאבֶן וָאָ֑בֶןAm 8:5 ( || ְל ַה ְקטִין אֵיפָה
) וּ ְל ַהגְדִּיל ֶשׁקֶלHo 12:8 ; ם׳ ֶר ַשׁעMi 6:11 ( || ) אַ ְבנֵי ִמ ְרמָה.
ֲאזִקִּים S 246
TWOT 577b
GK 272
v. II. זקק.
†[ אָזַרS 247
TWOT 59
GK 273
] vb. gird, encompass, equip ( Talm . id. , Arabic
, Aramaic in deriv. Lag ) . Qal Pf. ֽאָזְרוּ1 S 2:4 ; Impf. sf. יַאַזְ ֵרנִיJb
BN 177 der. from
30:18 ; 2 ms. ֱזוֹר ֶתּאJe 1:17 ; Imv. ֱאזָר־נָאJb 38:3 ; 40:7 ; Pt. pass. אָזוּר2 K
1:8 ;— gird, gird on , sq. acc. rei loins ך
ָ ֲח ָלצֶיJb 38:3 ; 40:7 , ָמ ְחנֶי ָךJe 1:17 ; pass. ,
with ֵזוֹר
א, ְבּ ָמ ְתנָיו וְאֵזוֹר עוֹר אָזוּר2 K 1:8 ; cf. act. c. acc. pers. Jb 30:18 ְכּפִי
ֻכ ָתּנְתִּי יַאַזְ ֵרנִי, subj. ְבוּשׁי
ִ לv. Di ; fig. 1 S 2:4 ֽאָזְרוּ ַחיִל. Niph. Pt. נֶ ְאזָרfig. ψ
65:7 of God ( ָה ) ן׳ ִבּגְבוּרgirded with might . Pi. Impf. 2 ms. sf. וַתְּאַזְּ ֵרנִיψ 18:40 ;
30:12 ; רנִי ִ ְ וַ ַתּז2 S 22:40 ( Ges § 68 R 2 ); Pt. sf. ַהמְּאַזְּ ֵרנִיψ 18:33 ; cstr. מְאַזְּרֵיIs
50:11 but cf. infr. — gird , c. 2 acc. ( pers. & rei) fig. , ψ 18:40 = 2 S 22:40 ψ
18:33 ( חיִל
ַ ); ψ 30:12 ( ;) ִשׂ ְמחָהacc. rei om. Is 45:5 ; acc. pers. om. מְאַזְּרֵי זִיקוֹת
Is 50:11 ; but read rather ֵי
ְמאִירcf. 27:11 ( S Kn Brd Di ). Hithp. Pf. ִהתְאַזָּ֑רψ
93:1 ; Imv. ִהתְאַזְּרוּ Is 8:9 ( ×2 )
— gird oneself , for war Is 8:9 ( ×2 )
; with עֹזψ 93:1
(subj. ) י׳.
† אֵזוֹר S 232
TWOT 59a
GK 258
n. m. Je 13:10 waistcloth ( NH id. , Arabic ,
cf. RS JQ Jan. 1892, 289 ff. ) — א׳abs. Jb 12:18 + 8 times; cstr. 2 K 1:8 + 4
times;—of skin 2 K 1:8 (prophet.); of linen Je 13:1 ( v. Che ) cf. v 2 , 4 , 6 , 7
( ×2 )
, 10 , 11 (symbol. of Isr. & Jud. cleaving to ;) י׳of Assyrian warriors’
waistcloth, ‘ girdle of loins ’ Is 5:27 ; in wall-images of Chaldeans, חֲגוֹרֵי א׳
ְבּ ָמ ְתנֵיהֶםEz 23:15 ( cf. 2 K 1:8 v. sub ) אָזַרso fig. of Yahweh’s power over
kings ֶם וַיֶּאְסֹר אֵזוֹר ְבּ ָמ ְתנֵיהJb 12:18 ( = א׳fetter, cf. Di ; but according to RS
l.c. ( ×2 )
ref. to slaves’ garment); metaph. of righteousness & faithfulness Is 11:5 (
א׳ ָמ ְתנָיו, ) א׳ ֲח ָלצָיו.
ֶאזְרָח S 249
TWOT 580b
GK 275
v. זרח.
act. active.
acc. pers. acc. of person.
R Redactor (e.g. in Hexateuch).
JQ Jewish Quarterly.
Jud. Judæa, Judæan.
† III. אָח S 251 , 253 , 254
TWOT 60 , 62a , 66a
GK 277 , 278 , 279
interj. ( onomatop. ) ah!
alas! Ez 6:11 ; 21:20 . III. אָחEz 18:10 (textual error). Ez 18:10 אָחis a vox nihili
(dittogr. from foll. אחד: v. Comm. ): in 21:10 also dub. ( εὐ̂ ), read ך
ְ אַEw
Hi Sm Toy, חדָּה
ַ Co Berthol , אַ ְתּOort Krae .
† אַ ֲחלַי S 305
TWOT 67a
GK 332
ψ 119:5 and ֵי
אַ ֲחל2 K 5:3 ( perhaps from אָח
and ַי
III. = לAramaic לוּ = ְלוַי: the varying punctuation is due doubtless to the
word being treated by the punctuators as a subst. = wish , with suff. & in c. st. , ‘
my wish is that,’ etc.; cf. Ki on ψ 119 ַי ) ְתּחִנּוֹתַי וּ ַבקָּשׁוֹת, ah that! ( ὄφελον
).
[ ַד
אָחS 258
TWOT 605
GK 284
] vb. v. יחדor ( חדדCo Ez 21:21 ). Ez 21:21
ִהתְאַ ֲחדִיtextual error for ( ִה ְת ַחדְּיDe -Rossi); v. p. 292 ).
ֶאחָדS 259
TWOT 61
GK 285
962 adj. num. one ( Ph. אחד, Sab. id. , cf. DHM
ZMG 1876, 707
, Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic ַד
ח, ; on Assyrian êdu, aḫadu , cf. Dl W No. 139
) — abs. א׳Gn 1:5 + cstr. אַ ַח֫דGn 21:15 + ; so even bef. prep. 1 S 9:3 al. v. Dr ;
f. abs. ח֫ת
ַ אַGn 2:21 + ; ֶא ָח֑תGn 11:1 + ; cstr. אַ ַח֫תDt 13:13 + ; pl. m. ֲא ָחדִים
Gn 11:1 + 4 times; ַד
חEz 33:30 del. Co cf. ;— 1. one Gn 1:9 ; 27:38 , 45 Ex
12:49 Jos 23:10 1 S 1:24 2 S 12:3 + , Zc 14:9 Mal 2:10 Jb 31:15 + , so also
(emph. 2 S 17:3 f or MT ֲשׁר
ֶא We Dr ; one or two ָד
ִשׁנַיִם לֹא לְיוֹם ֶאח
ְ וְלֹא ל
Ezr 10:13 ; as subst. sq. מִן Gn 2:21 Lv 4:2 , 13 Is 34:16 + ; ָא׳
הGn 19:9 ; 42:13 ,
32 2 K 6:3 , 5 + ; one and the same Gn 40:5 Jb 31:15 ; pl. ְדּ ָברִים ֲא ָחדִים † Gn
11:1 cf. Ez 37:17 ( abs. ), but v. Co ; = few, a few א׳ יָמִים † Gn 27:44 ; 29:20
Dn 11:20 ; ָד
ֶאח ְכּאִישׁas one man, together Ju 20:8 1 S 11:7 ; also ָד
ְכּ ֶאחlate =
Aramaic חדָא
ֲ † ַכּEzr 2:64 ( = Ne 7:66 ) 3:9 ; 6:20 Ec 11:6 ; v. especially Is 65:25
( || earlier חדָּו
ְ ַ י11:6 , 7 ). 2. = each, every Ex 36:30 Nu 7:3 , 85 ; 28:21 1 K 4:7 2
K 15:20 + ; also repeated, distrib. sense Nu 7:11 ; 13:2 ; 17:21 Jos 3:12 ; 4:2 , 4 . 3.
= a certain 1 S 1:1 2 S 18:10 2 K 4:1 Est 3:8 + cf. 2 S 17:9 v. Dr 1 S 1:1 ;
hence 4. = indef. art. 1 S 6:7 ; 24:15 ; 26:20 (but del. We Dr ) 1 K 19:4 , 5
+ . 5. only 1 K 4:19 , & ( fem. ) once 2 K 6:10 ψ 62:12 ; 89:36 ( once for all ); אַחַת
Berthol A. Bertholet.
Oort H. Oort.
Krae R. Kraetzschmar.
st. status, state, stative.
ְשׁלוֹשׁ ָשׁנִיםָ ל2 Ch 9:21 , ַשּׁנָה ָ א׳ בּLv 16:34 cf. Jb 40:5 , ַפּעַם ֶא ָח֑תJos 6:3 , 11
cf. v 14 , ַת בְּאַחNu 10:4 בְּאַחַתis rather ‘ in one (of the trumpets)’ Jb 33:14 it = in
one way; at once ח֑ת ָ ְבּ ֶאPr 28:18 read prob. with S Lag Dys Bi ַשּׁ֑חַת ָ בּcf.
וְ ִאנָּֽ ְקמָה נְקַם־אַחַתJu 16:28 is rather ‘vengeance for one of my two eyes’ ( v. GFM ).
Je 10:8 ַת בְּאַחprob. = in one, altogether . 6. one … another, the one … the other … א׳
א׳Ex 17:12 ; 18:3 , 4 Am 4:7 2 S 12:1 Je 24:2 2 Ch 3:17 Ne 4:11 + ; … הא׳ א׳
Lv 14:22 ; 15:15 2 S 14:6 read ִיו ָה ֶאחָד אֶת־אָח We Dr ; one after another, one
by one , ָד
לְאַחַד ֶאחIs 27:12 cf. Ec 7:27 . 7. as ordinal, first (mostly P & late) Gn 1:5
( P ) 2:11 ( J ) Ex 39:10 ( P ) Ez 10:14 Jb 42:14 ; of first day of month Ex 40:2 ( P )
Ezr 3:6 ; 10:16 , 17 Ne 8:2 Hg 1:1 ; first year , ַת
ְשׁנַת אַח2 Ch 36:22 Ezr 1:1 Dn
1:21 ; 9:1 , 2 ; 11:1 ; cf. first (day, יוֹםom.) Gn 8:5 , 13 ַחֹדֶשׁ ; ְבּ ֶאחָד לso Ex 40:17
Lv 23:24 Nu 1:1 , 18 ; 29:1 ; 33:38 (all P ) Dt 1:3 2 Ch 29:17 Ezr 7:9 ( ×2 ) Ez
26:1 ; 29:17 ; 31:1 ; 32:1 ; 45:18 . 8. in combin., a. ָשׂר
ָ אַחַד עeleven ( cf. ָשׂר ָ ע,
ַשׁתֵּי
ְ) ע Gn 32:23 ; 37:9 (JE) Dt 1:2 ; so ֵה
ֶשׂר
ְ אַחַת־עJos 15:51 ( P ) 2 K 23:36 ;
24:18 2 Ch 36:5 , 11 Je 52:1 (precedes noun, except Jos 15:51 ); as ordinal, eleventh
ֶשׁרֵה ָשׁנָה
ְ אַחַת עEz 30:20 ; 31:1 cf. 1 K 6:38 2 K 9:29 ; b. with other numerals, as
cardinal ֵאוֹת
מ ֶאחָד וְאַ ְר ָבּעִים ֶאלֶף וַ ֲחמֵשׁNu 1:41 cf. 2:16 , 28 ; 31:34 , 39 (all P ;
א׳precedes other numeral); but א׳ ( אַ ְר ָבּעִים וְאַחַת ָשׁנָהfollowing) 1 K 14:21 ;
15:10
2 K 14:23 2 Ch 12:13 cf. 2 K 22:1 = 2 Ch 34:1 ; 2 K 24:18 = Je 52:1 = 2 Ch
36:11 ; Jose 12:24 ( D ) Is 30:17 Ezr 2:26 = Ne 7:30 cf. v 37 ; Dn 10:13 ; as
ordinal שׁנָה
ָ ְשׁשׁ מֵאוֹתֵ בְּאַחַת וGn 8:13 ( P ) Ex 12:18 ( P ), 1 Ch 24:17 ; 25:28 2
Ch 16:13 ( א׳preceding); but 1 K 16:23 Hg 2:1 ( א׳following).
† אֵחוּד S 261
GK 287
n.pr. m. ( union from ) ? אֱחוּדa Benjamite 1 Ch 8:6 =
ֵאחִי Gn 46:21 .
אחהTWOT 62
( stem assumed for ; אָחwhich however perhaps bilit. & prim. so
Thes Rob Ges al. ; Dl HA 59 proposes surround, protect; Dl W comp. aḫu , side
Zehnpfund BAS I. 510 proposes belong together , cf. Schult Thes . De Goeje in RS Sem
256 N
suggests connection with ḥayy, family, clan ) .
Rob E. Robinson.
Schult A. Schultens.
I. אָח S 251 , 253 , 254
TWOT 60 , 62a , 66a
GK 277 , 278 , 279
630 n. m. brother ( Ph. אח,
Arabic ( cstr. etc.), Sab. ( א ֿחsf. ) אחֿיהוCIS iv, 1, 17 and 24
al. , Ethiopic Assyrian
aḫu cf. Dl , Aramaic אַח, ; Palm. , Nab. sf. אחוהי, —; ) אחיהabs. אָחGn
W
אַחְאָב S 256 GK 281 91 n.pr. m. Ahab ( father’s brother; = אחיאבNö ZMG 1886,
172
, Αχίαβος was a nephew of Herod. ; cf. like name in Syriac, given ob maximum
cum patre suo similitudinem , Bar Hebræus Chron . Ecclesiast. ii. 23 cf. LCB 1879, 1339 . In
many cases, however, the meaning of n.pr. comp. with אחis dub. , & perfect
consistency, especially in comparison with cpds. of אָב, seems impossible; cf. rem.
sub אביאל, and further We Skizzen , iii. 1 f
, Dl Pr . cap. vi
) — אַחְאָב 1 K 16:28 + ;
וּ ְכ ֶאחָב Je 29:22 — 1. son of Omri, king of Isr. 1 K 16:28 , 29 ; 18:1 , 2 , 3 ; 20:2
ֶאחָב S 256
GK 282
v. אַחְאָב.
† ָן
אַ ְחבּS 257 GK 283
n.pr. m. ( brother of an intelligent one ) son of Abishur, of
Judah 1 Ch 2:29 .
† אֲחוּמַי S 267
GK 293
n.pr. m. descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:2 .
† ֲאחִיאָם S 279
GK 307
n.pr. m. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:33 1 Ch 11:35 .
† ֲאחִיהוּד S 282
GK 310
n.pr. m. prince of Asher Nu 34:27 ; ( brother of
majesty , cf. הוֹד, ; ֲאבִיהוּד v. also ֻד
) ֲאחִיח.
† אַחְיוֹ S 283
GK 311
n.pr. m. (
אחיון, i.e. fraternal ) . 1. a son of Aminadab,
=
brother of Uzzah 2 S 6:3 , 4 ( ֶאחָיו, We אָחִיוbut v. Dr ) 1 Ch 13:7 (
) ֶאחָיו. 2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:14 , but read אָחִיו Be . 3. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:31
= 9:37 ( > ) ֶאחָיו.
Jerem A. Jeremias.
† ֲאחִיטוּב S 285
GK 313
n.pr. m. ( my brother is goodness ) 1. grandson of Eli 1
S 14:3 1 Ch 5:33 , 34 , 37 , 38 ; father of Ahimelech 1 S 22:9 , 20 ( ִטוּב ) ֲאחv
11 , 12 (on identity of pers. v. Be 1 Ch 5:33 ). 2. father of Zadok 2 S 8:17 ( =
1 Ch 18:16 ), but We rds. Ahim. son of Ahitub; 1 Ch 5:38 Ezr 7:2 ; grandfather of
Zadok 1 Ch 9:11 Ne 11:11 (on all cf. We l.c. )
† ֲאחִילוּד S 286
GK 314
n.pr. m. ( according to Thes = ֲאחִי יְלוּדchild’s
brother (?) ) 1. father of Jehoshaphat, David’s chronicler 2 S 8:16 ; 20:24 1 K 4:3
1 Ch 18:15 . 2. father of Baana, officer of Solomon 1 K 4:12 .
† ֲאחִימוֹת S 287
GK 315
n.pr. m. ( my brother is death ) a Levite 1 Ch 6:10 (
cf. ַמחַת 1 Ch 6:20 2 Ch 29:12 ).
† ֲאחִימַן S 289
GK ( my brother is a gift ? so Thes ; cf. Arabic ) 1.
317
n.pr. m.
a son of Anak Nu 13:22 Ju 1:10 ; ̀מנ ָ ֲאחִיJos 15:14 . < ֲאחִימָן, v. Norzi Nu 13:22
GFM Ju 1:10 (after Ven. 1 Mich ). 2. a Levite, מ֑ן
ָ ֲאחִי, 1 Ch 9:17 .
† אַ ְחיָן S 291
GK 319
n.pr. m. ( fraternal , Aramaic ) a Manassite 1 Ch 7:19 .
† ָב
ֲאחִינָדS 292
GK 320
n.pr. m. ( my brother is noble ) an officer of Solomon
1 K 4:14 .
Mich J. D. Michaelis.
† ֲאחִינֹ֫עַם S 293
GK 321
n.pr. f. ( my brother is delight ) 1. wife of Saul 1S
14:50 (daughter of Ahimaaz). 2. Jezreelitess, wife of David 1 S 25:43 ; 27:3 ; 30:5
2 S 2:2 ; 3:2 1 Ch 3:1 .
† ך
ְ ֲאחִי ָס ָמS 294 GK 322 n.pr. m. ( my brother has supported ) father of
Oholiab, a workman on tabern. Ex 31:6 ; 35:34 ; 38:23 .
† ָם ֲאחִיקS 296 GK 324 n.pr. m. ( my brother has arisen ) son of Shaphan,
Josiah’s time 2 K 22:12 , 14 2 Ch 34:20 ; protector of Jerem . Je 26:24 ; father of
Gedaliah 2 K 25:22 Je 39:14 ; 40:5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 16 ; 41:1 , 2 , 6 , 10 ,
16 , 18 ; 43:6 .
† ֲאחִירָם S 297
GK 325
n.pr. m. ( brother of ( the ) lofty = Ph. חרם v. ; חִירָם
cf. ) ֲאבִירָםson of Benj. Nu 26:38 (prob. = אחרח1 Ch 8:1 v. Be ) ( cf. ִי
ֵאח
וָרֹאשׁGn 46:21 ).
† חִירָם S 2438
GK 2671
n.pr. m. Hiram ( Ph. ; חרםabbr. from foregoing ) —
ח׳2 S 5:11 + 18 times 1 K + Kt 1 Ch 14:1 2 Ch 4:11 ; 9:10 (all Qr ָם;) חוּר
חִירוֹם1 K 5:24 , 32 ; 7:40 ; also חוּרָם1 Ch 8:5 + 9 times Ch.— 1. king of Tyre,
contemp. of David & Solomon 2 S 5:11 1 K 5:15 ( ×2 ) , 16 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 ( ×2 )
, 26 , 32 ; 9:11 ( ×2 ) , 12 , 14 , 27 ; 10:11 , 22 1 Ch 14:1 2 Ch 2:2 , 10 , 11 ;
8:2 , 18 ; 9:10 , 21 . 2. an artificer of Tyre, sent by Hiram the king 1 K 7:13 , 40 (
×2 )
, 45 2 Ch 2:12 ; 4:11 ( ×2 ) , 16 . 3. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:5 .
† ִישׁ֑חַר
ָ ֲאח S 300
GK 328
n.pr. m. ( brother of ( the ) dawn , Assyrian Aḫšêri Dl
Pr 202
) a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:10 .
† ִישׁר
ָ ֲאחS 301 GK 329
n.pr. m. ( my brother has sung ) over Solomon’s
household 1 K 4:6 .
† ֲאחִיתֹ֫פֶל S 302
GK 330
n.pr. m. ( my brother is folly ? ) David’s trusted &
( ×2 ) ( ×2 )
traitorous counsellor 2 S 15:12 , 31 , 34 ; 16:15 , 20 , 21 , 23 ; 17:1 , 6 ,
7 , 14 ( ×2 ) , 15 , 21 , 23 ; 23:34 1 Ch 27:33 , 34 .
† חוָה
ֲ אַS 262 , 264 TWOT 618a , 62b
GK 288 , 289
n. f. brotherhood ָא׳
הZc 11:14
(between Judah & Israel).
† חִיאֵל S 2419
GK 2647
n.pr. m. ( prob. ( ֲא)חִיאֵלbrother of Ēl , Αχειηλ ;
cf. & חירםPh. חמלך, etc.; v. Bae Rel 156
) a Bethelite, rebuilder of Jericho 1 K
16:34 .
† אָחוֹת S 269
TWOT 62c
GK 295
114 n. f. sister ( Ph.
אחת, Aramaic ֲאחָת, ,
Arabic , Assyrian aḫâtu , Dl Ethiopic Sab. in n.pr. ֿתאמהו
W
אחOs ZMG 1865, 273
) — abs. אָ׳2 S 13:1 + (never with art.); cstr. אֲחוֹתGn 4:22 + ; sf. ( אֲחֹתִי
) אֲחוֹתִיGn 12:13 + , etc.; pl. sf. ( אַחְוֹתַיQr ) אַחְיוֹתַיJos 2:13 ; אֲחוֹ ַתיְִךEz
16:51 ( Qr ; Kt = ) אחותך2 times ( Co all ך ;) אחיו׳ ְ אַחֲיוֹ ֵתEz 16:52 ( Co ־תיך
); ך
ְ אֲחוֹ ֵתEz 16:52 (must be pl. , but del. Co ); אַחְיֹתָיוJb 42:11 ; אֲחוֹתֵיכֶםHo
2:3 ; ֶם אַחְיֹתֵיה1 Ch 2:16 Jb 1:4 — 1. sister Gn 4:22 ; 12:13 , 19 ; 20:2 , 5 , 12
(same father, diff. mother) so Lv 18:11 cf. Ez 22:11 ; Gn 24:30 ( ×2 ) + , Ex 2:4 ,
7 ; Lv 18:9 (either parent same) so Dt 27:22 Nu 6:7 2 S 13:1 , 2 , 4 + , Ct 8:8 (
×2 )
; called upon, in mourning for dead Je 22:18 ; = near relative Gn 24:59 , 60 (or
because Laban prominent? so Di ); woman of same nationality Nu 25:18 cf. Ho
2:3 . 2. = beloved Ct 4:9 , 10 , 12 ; 5:1 , 2 (4 times || ָה ַכּלּbride; phr. orig.
implying that marriage with half-sister—of same father—was allowed? cf. Nö ZMG
1886, 150
, & Gn 20:12 ). 3. symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodeom & Jerusalem Je 3:7 ,
8 , 10 Ez 16:45 , 52 ( ×2 ) ( del. Co ) + , 23:4 , 11 + . 4. fig. of intimate
connection ָה ָקרָאתי … ִאמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי ָל ִרמּJb 17:14 ; אֲחֹתִי אַ ְתּ אֱמֹר ַל ָח ְכמָהPr
7:4 . † 5. another , ָהּ
ִשּׁה אֶל־אֲחֹת
ָ א, of curtains of tabern. Ex 26:3 ( ×2 ) , 6 , loops
v 5 , tenons v 17 ; of wings of living creatures, Ezek.’s vision Ez 1:9 , 23 ; 3:13 ;
not of persons, but vid. ְעוּת
ר.
† ֫אָחוּ S 260
TWOT 63
GK 286
n. m. Jb 8 , 11 coll. reeds, rushes ( Aramaic
אַ ְחוָא, orig. Egyptian, cf. demot. αχ u̇ from α ̇ χ ȧ be green , v. Ebers AG & BBMos.
338
; Wied Sammlung 16 ) Gn 41:2 , 18 ( E ) Jb 8:11 ; also Ho 13:15 where read
† אָחַזS 270
TWOT 64
GK 290 , 296 , 297
68 vb. grasp, take hold, take possession (
Arabic , Sab. א ֿח ֿד Sab. Denkm. 39 , Aramaic ַד
ְאח, , Assyrian aḫâzu , Ethiopic ) —
Qal Pf. אָחַז Ex 15:14 + ; חזָה
ֲ ֽאָJb 23:11 Is 33:14 ; sf. ֲא ָחזַנִי 2 S 1:9 ; 1 s. sf.
ֲא ַחזְתִּיו Ct 3:4 , etc.; Impf. יֹאחֵזJb 17:9 + ; וַיֹּ֫אחֶז2 S 6:6 ; 3 fs. תֹּאחֵזDt
32:41 ; ֶז וַתֹּאחRu 3:15 ; וַתֹּחֶז2 S 20:9 ; וָאֹחֵזJu 20:6 יֹאחֵזוּןIs 13:8 ; sf.
יֹא ֲחזֵ֫מוֹEx 15:15 ; יֹאחֱזוּ ְךJe 13:21 , etc.;— † as פ׳gutt. וַיֶּאֱחֹזJu 16:3 1 K 6:10 ;
2 ms. ֱחֹז ֶתּאEc 7:18 ; Inf. אֲחֹז1 K 6:6 ; אֱחֹז1 Ch 13:9 + 3 times; Imv. אֱחֹז
Ex 4:4 2 S 2:21 , חזִי־ ֳ ֶאRu 3:15 ; ֶאהֱזוּCt 2:15 ; אֱחֹ֑זוּNe 7:3 ; Pt. act. אֹחֵז2 Ch
25:5 ; pass. אָחוּזEst 1:6 , etc.;— grasp, take hold of , sq. בּ ְ Gn 25:26 Ex 4:4 (both
J ) Ju 16:3 ; 20:6 ( = בּ ְ וַיַּ ֲחזֵק19:29 ) 2 S 4:10 ; 6:6 ; 20:9 1 K 1:51 Ru 3:15 ( ×2 ) ;
1 K 6:6 of beams having hold in a wall; ( cf. ֑חזֶה ֱ ֶֽ בֵּית ֲא ָבנִים יJb 8:17 ; Hoffm reads
;) יֹא׳ = יֹ ֲחזָהalso Ct 7:9 of taking hold of branches, in metaph. ; poet. fig. , of
God’s seizing man in wrath Jb 16:12 ; taking hold graciously ψ 73:23 ; taking hold of
judgment Dt 32:41 ; subj. man ִי
ֲשׁרוֹ ֽאָ ֲחזָה ַרגְל
ֻ ַבּאJb 23:11 ( || ַדּרְכּוֹ ָשׁ ַמ ְרתִּיcf. also
17:9 ); of taking hold of folly Ec 2:3 cf. 7:18 ; subj. ַר
ַשּׁה
ַ הJb 38:13 , ְבּ ַכנְפוֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ
; ֶלאֱחֹזalso sq. acc. Ju 1:6 ; 12:6 ; 16:21 2 S 2:21 Is 5:29 Ct 2:15 ; 3:4 1 Ch
13:9 2 Ch 25:5 ψ 56:1 ; 137:9 ; cf. 1 K 6:10 ( cf. v 6 supr. ), subj. ע
ַ ַהיָּצוּ, ַה ַבּיִת
; ַבּ ֲעצֵי ֲא ָרזִים וַיֶּא׳ אֶת־of a snare catching the heel, in
metaph. Jb 18:9 ; fig. , subj.
God ψ 77:5 ; God’s hand 139:10 ; subj. pain, sorrow, fear, etc. Ex 15:14 , 15 2 S 1:9
Jb 21:6 ; 30:16 ψ 48:7 ; 119:53 Is 21:3 ; 33:14 Je 13:21 ; 49:24 ; subj. man, obj.
fear, etc. Jb 18:20 Is 13:8 ; obj. ך ְ ֶדּ ֶרtake one’s way Jb 17:9 ַדּרְכּוֹ יֹאחֵז ַצדִּיקAV
RV hold on his way ( cf. 23:11 supr. , & Assyrian ṣabâtu urḫu , e.g. V. R 1, 74 );—
abs. Ne 7:3 of barring gates; pt. pass. caught Ec 9:12 ; fastened, held Est 1:6 ; taken
(by lot) 1 Ch 24:6 ( ×3 ) (on text v. Öt ); taken out of a number Nu 31:30 , 47 ; pt.
act. of same form ֶב ֲא ֻחזֵי ֶחרCt 3:8 cf. Thes Ba NB 175 & Ethiopic pt. ; similarly
Aramaic ִיד
אָח, e.g. S Ju 8:10 1 Ch 5:18 ; & Ez 41:6 ( ×2 ) (but v.
Am 2:5 ; e.g.
Co ). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. ֲזוּ
נֹאחJos 22:9 ; ( וְנֹא׳cons.) Nu 32:30 ; Impf. וַיֵּאָחֲזוּGn
47:27 ; Imv. ֲזוּ הֵאָחGn 34:10 Jos 22:19 ; Pt. נֶ ֱאחָזGn 22:13 ; נֶ ֱא ָחזִיםEc 9:12 ;—
be caught Gn 22:13 Ec 9:12 ; elsewhere have possessions Gn 34:10 ; 47:27 Nu 32:30
Öt S. Öttli .
Jos 22:9 , 19 ( P ). Pi. Pt. מְאַחֵז Jb 26:9 c. acc. enclose, overlay (so Assyrian Dl W
, p. 294
, cf. Aramaic , shut ). Hoph. Pt. pl. ָמ ֳא ָחזִים 2 Ch 9:18 fastened to sq. ְל.
אָחָז S 271
GK ( he hath grasped , abbrev. for ( יהואחזq.v. ) cf.
298
n.pr. m.
Assyrian Ia-u-ḫa-zi (i.e. Ahaz) COT on 2 K 16:8 ) 1. king of Judah, son of Jotham,
father of Hezekiah 2 K 15:38 ; 16:1 , 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 + 13 times 2 K; Is 1:1 ; 7:1 , 3
, 10 , 12 ; 14:28 ; 38:8 ; 1 Ch 3:13 , 2 Ch 27:9 + 8 times 2 Ch; Ho 1:1 Mi 1:1 .
2. son of Micah, & great-grandson of Jonathan 1 Ch 8:35 , 36 ; 9:42 ( + 9:41 cf.
L B ).
I. אחחTWOT 65 , 66
( cry, howl , onomat., cf. Arabic ) .
†[ח
ַ ֹ אS 255
TWOT 65a
GK 280
] n. [ m. ] jackal ( Assyrian aḫû Dl W
) pl.
אֹחִים Is 13:21 ) ִציִּים || ( וּמָֽלְאוּ בָּֽתֵּיהֶם א׳.
II. אחחTWOT 65 , 66
?
† II. אָחS 251 , 253 , 254 TWOT 60 , 62a , 66a GK 277 , 278 , 279 n. f. fire-pot, brasier (
Arabic , in Thes , is an error fire-pot is loan-word from Egyptian ḫ according to
WMM OLZ 3, 51 ) always c. art. Je 36:22 ָאָח וְאֵשׁ הthe brasier before him was
burning; v 23 ֲשׁר אֶל־הָא׳ֶ ; ָהאֵשׁ א v 23 ֲשׁר עַל־הָא׳
ֶ ( ָהאֵשׁ אI. אָח, brother
v. sub ; אחהIII. אָחinterj., p. 25 ).
† אֲחוֹחִי S 266
GK 292
( ִי
) אֲחֹחadj. gent. 2 S 23:9 (where for בֶּן־א׳read הָא׳
We Dr ; ref. unknown: Klo proposes )חיִ(ל
ַ בֶּן אִישׁ cf. v 20 ) v 28 = 1 Ch
11:12 , 29 ; 27:4 .
ֵאחִי S 278
GK 305
n.pr. m. a son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 ( P ) ( perhaps corruption
of ָם
ֲאהִירNu 26:38 ( P ); so also אַ ֲחרַח1 Ch 8:1 cf. אַחֵר 7:12 & comm. )
אחלTWOT 67
( existence & meaning dub. )
† אַ ְח ָל֑י S 304
GK 333
n.pr. ( Dl Pr 210
trans. O! would that! ( cf. אַ ְחלַיsub III.
אָח supr. p. 25 ) § comp. interjectional Bab. name Aḫulapia , O! that I at last!
Zim BP 116
; cf. Ol § 277
; otherwise Hal JAS 7, x. 360
) 1. f. daughter of Sheshan 1 Ch
אַ ְחלָב S 303
GK 331
v. חלב.
† אַ ְח ָל֑מָה S 306
TWOT 67b
GK 334
n. f. perhaps amethyst ( etym. dub. ; sub
חלםThes q.v. ; Hal JAs 7, x. 426 from חלםêtre fort, solide; Di Kn comp. Talm .
ַח ְלמִית, malva & think of green malachite; Dl HA 36 N der. from Aramaic land
Aḫamû ) , amethyst according to B Josephus; v. also Lag GGA 1884, 285 , but
cf. Di ; one of the gems on the ephod Ex 28:19 ; 39:12 .
constr. construction.
vbs. verbs.
אֶל־אַ ֲחרֵי
2 S 5:23 2 K 9:18 סֹב אֶל־אַ ֲחרַי v 19 Zc 6:6 . c. † עַל־אַ ֲחרֵי Ez
41:5 beside, at the back of .
† ַי
אַ ֲחרS 310 TWOT 68b , 68c GK 343 adj. Pr 28:23 ( si vera l. ) אָדָם אַ ֲחרַיa
man that turneth backwards ( cf. Je 7:24 ) so Jos Ki De Ol p. 429 (doubtfully)
Now Sta § 301 b : according to Ew § 200 a Hi an abnormal adv. = afterwards ,
Lag Pr conj. ְחוֹ בְּאָרcf. ὁδούς .
אָחוֹר S 268 , 322 TWOT 68d GK 294 , 345 41 subst. (Arabic ) the hinder side, back
part , in the sg. , mostly in adverbial phrases:— a. as accus., in poetry backwards 23
times ( = prose רנִּית ַ ֹ ) אֲחwith vbs. such as נָפַלfall Gn 49:17 , נָשׂוֹגbe turned 2
S 1:22 ( || ָשׁוּב
תּ ) רֵיקָם, שׁוּן ψ 9:4 ; 56:10 + , נָסוֹג35:4 ; 40:15 + (of enemies
repulsed), 44:19 Is 50:5 (from obedience to God), נָזוֹרIs 1:4 , ֵשׁיב
ִ ה44:25 ψ
44:11 , ָה
ִהכּ78:66 ; behind ( opp. ) ֶקדֶם ψ 139:5 Jb 23:8 ; in the phrase וְאָחוֹר
ָפּנִיםin front and behind † 1 Ch 19:10 (altered from ִמףָּ׳ וּמֵאָ׳in 2 S v. infr. ) 2
Ch 13:14 Ez 2:10 . b. ְאָחוֹר † בּPr 29:11 , ְשׁ ְבּ ֶחנָּה
ַ וְ ָחכָם בְּאָחוֹר יGes Hi but a
wise man stilleth it ( ח
ַ רוּanger) backwards (sc. when it would break forth), De in
the background , sc. of his heart ( || ִיא) ְכסִיל כָּל־רוּחוֹ יוֹצ. c. ( לְאָחוֹרα ) as a. † ψ
114:3 , 5 Je 7:24 ; ( β ) of time, hereafter ( cf. פּנִים ָ = ְלbefore) † Is 41:23 ;
42:23 . d. ֵאָחוֹר מbehind ( = מןon the side of) † 2 S 10:9 ִמ ָפּנִים וּםֵ׳in front and
behind , Is 9:11 ֵאָ׳ ִשׁתִּים מ
ְ וּ ְפלand the Philistines behind ( = on the West), opp.
ֲארָם ִמ ֶקּדֶם. † Plur. cstr. אֲחֹרֵיhinder part (of the tabernacle Ex 26:12 , (of a
man or animal) 1 K 7:25 ( = 2 Ch 4:4 ) Ez 8:16 (of God) Ex 33:23 .
אַחֲרוֹן S 314
TWOT 68e
GK 340
51 f. אַחֲרוֹנָה, pl. ( אַחֲרֹנִיםalso ) אַחֲרוֹנִים,
adj. from ַר
אַח, coming after or behind (as a compar. or superl., according to the
context); hence a. of place, behind, hindermost Gn 33:2 ( ×2 )
; היָּם
ַ הָאַחֲרוֹןthe
hinder ( = the Western) sea (i.e. the Mediterranean: opp. ַהיָּם ַה ַקּדְמוֹנִיthe front
sea = the Dead Sea, the Semites, in defining the quarters of the heavens, turning
naturally to the East, cf. קדֶם
ֶ of the East, יָמִין, תֵּימָןof the South, above sv. אָחוֹר
d. and Assyrian mat aḫarru ‘the Western land,’ of Phœnicia & Palestine) † Dt 11:24
; 34:2 Jo 2:20 Zc 14:8 ; Jb 18:20 poet. ֲרֹנִים אַחEw Hi Di De the dwellers
in the West ( opp. ) ַקדְמוֹנִים. More commonly b. of time, latter or last (according to
context) Ex 4:8 Dt 24:3 2 S 19:12 Is 8:23 , of God Is 44:6 ( || ִאשׁוֹן
) ר48:12
(do.) cf. 41:4 ; in genl. subsequent (vaguely), א׳ = יוֹםtime to come † Is 30:8 Pr
31:25 (but Ne 8:18 ַיּוֹם = הָאַ׳ הthe last day), ( ַה)דּוֹר ( ָה)אַ׳the following
generation † Dt 29:21 ψ 48:14 ; 78:4 , 6 ; 102:19 , ֲרֹנִים ( ָה)אַחthey that come
after Jb 18:20 ( Ges Schl) Ec 1:11 ; 4:16 , but Is 41:4 the last , Jb 19:25 ֲרוֹן וְאַח
עַל־ ָעפָר יָקוּםand as one coming after (me) (and so able to establish my innocence
when I am dead) will he ( ִי גֹּֽ ֲאלmy Vindicator) arise upon the dust.—The fem. is
used adverbially ( cf. ִאשֹׁנָה = ) רafterwards or at the last (according to context): (
α ) absol. † Dan 11:29 ; ( β ,) ֲרוֹנָה ( בָּאַחopp. † ) ָבּרִאשֹׁנָהDt 13:10 ; 17:7 1
S 29:2 2 S 2:26 1 K 17:13 Dn 8:3 ; ( γ ) ָאַ׳ † לNu 2:31 ( P ) Ec 1:11 .
אַ ֲחרִית S 319
TWOT 68f , 68g
GK 344
61 n. f. after-part, end ;— a. of place, only
ψ 139:9 (late) א׳ יָם. b. of time, latter part or actual close (according to context),
opp. ֵאשׁית
ִ —; רof year Dt 11:12 ; of a man’s life Nu 23:10 Pr 5:11 Jb 8:7 ;
42:12 ; of a people’s existence Nu 24:20 ; = final lot Dt 32:20 , 29 Je 12:4 ;
31:17 ψ 73:17 ; a future , i.e. a happy close of life, suggesting sometimes the idea of
a posterity, promised to the righteous Pr 23:18 ( || קוָהְ ִתּhope ) 24:14 Je 29:11 (
) ָלרֵת ָלכֶם א׳ וְ ִת ְקוָה, withheld from the wicked Pr 24:20 ( || ְ׃
נֵר יְִדעָֽך: v. infr.
); the end or ultimate issue of a course of action Je 5:31 Pr 14:12 ; 23:32 (of wine,
i.e. of indulgence in it) 25:8 Is 46:10 ( absol. , but implicitly of a phase of history)
47:7 (of the conduct described v 6 b– 7 a) Dn 12:8 Ec 7:8 ; of a prediction =
the event Is 41:22 . ִים בְּאַ ֲחרִית ַהיָּמin the end of the days , a prophetic phrase
denoting the final period of the history so far as the speaker’s perspective reaches; the
sense thus varies with the context, but it often = the ideal or Messianic future; † Gn
49:1 (of the period of Israel’s possession of Canaan) Nu 24:14 Dt 4:30 (of the
period of Israel’s return to God after adversity) 31:29 (of the period of Israel’s
rebellion) Ho 3:5 Is 2:2 ( = Mi 4:1 ) Je 23:20 ( v. Graf) = 30:24 ; 48:47 ;
49:39 Ez 38:16 (of the period of Gog’s attack upon restored Israel) Dn 2:28
(Aramaic) 10:14 (of the age of Antiochus Epiphanes): cf. ַשּׁנִים ָ בַּא׳ הEz 38:8 . c.
א׳ הַגּוֹיִםJe 50:12 the last, hindermost of the nations (of Babylon), opp. ראשׁית
הגויםAm 6:1 (Israel) cf. Nu 24:20 (Amalek) chief of the nations. d. concr.
posterity (extension of usage noted above in Pr 24:20 ) ψ 37:37 , 38 ( possibly not
more than ‘a future’ in v 37 ) 109:13 ( || ְדוֹר ) אַחֵר יִמַּח ְשׁמָם בּAm 4:2 ; 9:1 Ez
( ×2 )
23:25 (according to others, in these four passages, remnant, residue ) Dn 11:4 .
† ִיםַשׁ ַדּ ְר ְפּנ
ְ ֲאחS 323 TWOT 69 GK 346 n. m. pl. satraps ( Pers.
Khshatřapâvan , protectors of the realm , v. Spieg APK 215 = ἐξατράπης, σατράπης
, cf. Lag G. Abh. 68, 14; Sem . i. 42f , who reads ָן
ְשׁ ְד ְרפ
ַ א׳ — ) אַחEst 8:9 ; 9:3 ; cstr.
ַשׁ ַדּ ְר ְפּנֵי
ְ ֲאח 3:12 Ezr 8:36 .
ַשׁוֵרוֹשׁ
ְ ֲאח S 325
GK 347
n.pr. m. Ahasuerus = Xerxes ( Pers. Khshayârshâ =
mighty + eye or man , vid. Spiegel l.c. 216
; in Aramaic חשיארש, CIS II. i. 122
[ B.C.
481] ) king of Pers. Ezr 4:6 Est 1:1 ( ×2 )
, 2 , 9 , 10 + 18 times Est + Est 10:1
Qr ( Kt ַשׁוֵרֹשׁ ;) אחשׁרשׁ ְ ֲאחEst 1:16 ; 2:21 ; 3:12 ; 8:7 , 10 ; also Dn 9:1
where made father of ‘Darius the Mede,’ cf. Meinh .
† ַשׁ ָתּרִי
ְ ֲאח S 326
GK 349
n.pr. m. but in form adj. gent. ( cf. Be ) ֲח׳
ָהא1 Ch
4:6 ( perhaps Pers. = beloging to the realm, royal , vid. infr. )
† [ ָן
ַשׁ ְתּר
ְ ֲאחS 327
TWOT 70
GK 350
] adj. (?) royal ( from Pers. Khshatřa ,
lordship, realm , vid. Spiegel l.c. 215
) pl. ַשׁ ְתּ ָרנִים
ְ ָה ֲאחagreeing with ָה ֶרכֶשׁ Est
8:10 , 14 .
אַחַת v. ֶאחָד.
אַט S 328
TWOT 72b
GK 351
v. אטט.
† אָטָד S 329
TWOT 71a
GK 353 , 354
n. m. Ju 9:15 bramble, buck-thorn ( cf.
Che ψ 58:10 ) ( rhamnus , Arabic , Assyrian eṭidu v. Dl W , No. 153
, Aramaic
אַ ְטדָּא, cf. Löw No. 15
) contr. ֵעצִיםJu 9:14 , 15 ( ×2 )
(personif., in fable); ψ
58:10 as fuel (in fig. , cf. Che ); ָא׳
בְּגֹרֶן ה, n. loc. , Gn 50:10 , 11 ( v. & גֹּרֶן
) אבל מצרים.
אטטTWOT
i. 604 f. i. 66
72
Arabic to emit a moaning or craking sound ( cf. AW Lex. 36
Ges Jes
Lane ).
† [ ִי
ִאטּTWOT 72a
Ol . 412 ] n. m. mutterer , pl. ִאטִּים Is 19:3 mutterers ( ||
אֹבוֹת, ) יִדְּעֹנִיםi.e. either ventriloquists or whisperers of charms ( cf. 8:19 ; 29:4
).
† אַט S 328
TWOT 72b
GK 351
subst. gentleness , used only adverbially:— a. as
adverb. accus. 1 K 21:27 וַיְ ַה ֵלּ ְך אַֽט׃and he (Ahab) went about softly (sc. in
penitence); b. with ל
ְ of norm or state (as in ָל ֶבטַח, v. ) ְל2 S 18:5 לְאַט־לִי ַלנַּעַר
(deal) gently for me with the young man, Is 8:6 the waters of Shiloah ְאַ֑ט הַהֹ ְלכִים ל
that go gently; with pretonic qameṣ Jb 15:11 ְ׃ ָדּבָר לָאַט ִעמָּֽךa word (spoken)
gently with thee; with sf. Gn 33:14 ִי ֶא ְתנַ ֲהלָה ְל ִאטּI will lead on gently (lit.
according to my gentleness ). S. p. 532 for ָאט לsecretly .
†[ אטם ] vb. shut, shut up ( Mish. אטם, cf. ֶם אוֹטstoppage , Aramaic ; ֲאטַם
Arabic contract, stop , fortress; Assyrian aṭamu , in list of headgear, etc. = turban ? Dl
W , No. 155
) — Qal Pt. act. אֹטֵםPr 17:28 + 2 times; pass. ֲא ֻטמִים1 K 6:4 ; ֲאטֻמוֹת
Ez 40:16 + 2 times;— shut, stop , obj. lips Pr 17:28 ; ears 21:13 Is 33:15 ; pass. =
closed (i.e. narrowed, narrowing , cf. S in Co ) ַלּוֹנוֹת א׳ חEz 40:16 ; 41:16 , 26 ;
cf. ִים
חַלּוֹנֵי ְשׁ ֻקפִים ֲא ֻטמ1 K 6:4 . Hiph. Impf. i.q. Qal יַ ְאטֵםψ 58:5 ( juss. with
sense of indic., cf. Dr § 173 obs. ) of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.
†[ אָטַרS 332
TWOT 74
GK 358
] vb. shut up, close, bind ( Arabic bend, curve ,
what surrounds, encloses ) Qal Impf. 3 fs. ֶתּ ְאטַר ψ 69:16 ( ה
ָ פִּי ) אַל תּ׳ ָעלַי ְבּאֵר.
† ִאטֵּר S 334
TWOT 74a
GK 360
adj. shut up, bound ( NH ִאטֵּר, lame ) אִישׁ
א׳ יַד־יְמִינוֹ Ju 3:15 ; 20:16 a man bound, restricted, as to his right hand , i.e. left-
handed .
אַיֵּה S 346 TWOT 75a GK 372 45 ( lengthened from אַי, cf. ֵן ) ִהנֵּה & הinterr. adv.
Where? Gn 18:9 ; 19:5 ; 22:7 ; the most gen. term expressing this idea, used of
both persons & things (but never with a verb [contrast ֵיפֹה
;)] אoften in poet. or
elevated style, where the answer nowhere is expected, Is 33:18 ; 36:19 ; 51:13 Je
2:23 ( cf. Dt 32:37 ֵי ) א17:15 ; 37:19 , Jb 15:23 he wandereth abroad for bread
( אַיֵּהsaying Where is it? 21:28 Zc 1:5 ( ֵם
;) אַיֵּה־הin the (iron.) phrase where is
thy ( their ) God? † ψ 42:4 , 11 ; 79:10 ; 115:2 ( ) אַיֵּה־נָאJo 2:17 ; rhetorically,
of an earnest inquiry Je 2:6 , 8 Job 35:10 , or longing Is 63:11 , 15 Ju 6:13 .
אֵי ְךS 349 TWOT 75 GK 375 59 ( Aramaic ך ְ אֵי, [pron. âch ] ) adv. 1. interrog.
How? Gn 26:9 2 S 1:5 , 14 1 K 12:6 Is 20:6 al. ; often with impf. (especially
in 1 ps.) in an expostulation Gn 39:9 ; 44:8 , 34 Jos 9:7 2 S 2:22 ; 12:18 ψ
137:4 , Is 48:11 f or how should it be profaned? ) איך תאמר(וhow canst or dost
thou (do you) say …? Ju 16:15 Is 19:11 Je 2:23 ( cf. 8:8 ָה ) אֵיכ48:14 ψ 11:1 ;
in an indirect sentence 2 K 17:28 Je 36:17 Ru 3:18 . 2. as an exclam. How !
whether of lamentation 2 S 1:19 Je 2:21 ; 9:18 Mi 2:4 Ec 2:16 ; or of satisfaction
Is 14:4 , 12 Je 48:39 ; 51:41 Ob 5 al. ; with intensive force = how gladly! Je
3:19 , how terribly! 9:6 (but others render here ‘for how [else] should I do’? etc.),
Ho 11:8 according to Hi .
† אֵיכָה S 349
TWOT 75 , 75c
GK 377
( from אַיand כָּה = ; כֹּה cf. Assyrian
ekiam ) adv. 1. interrog. In what manner ? τίνι τρόπῳ ; (rather more definite than
אֵי ְך = πω̂ς ;) Dt 1:12 ; 7:17 ; 12:30 ; 18:21 ; 32:30 Ju 20:3 (indirect sentence) 2
K 6:15 Je 8:8 ψ 73:11 . 2. exclam. How ! (slightly more emph. than ך
ְ ) אֵיIs 1:21
Je 48:17 La 1:1 ; 2:1 ; 4:1 , 2 . 3. Where ? ( prob. north-Isr.; cf. Aramaic ָא
אֵיכ,
where? Cf. Dr Intr. 178, 421 ) only 2 K 6:13 ( K 3
) אֵיכֹה Kt Ct 1:7 ( ×2 )
,—each
time in an indirect sentence.
† אֵיכוֹ S 351
TWOT 75d
GK 378
2 K 6:13 Qr where ? v. אֵיכָה3 .
אָן S 575
TWOT 75g
GK 625
adv. ( contracted from I. ) אַיִןwhere ? or whither ?
1 S 10:14 ( cf. 27:10 S , v. sub אַלad fin. ); only besides in † ֵאָן מ
whence? 2 K 5:25 Kt ( Qr עַד־אָן † ;) מֵאַיִןof time to what point? how long? Jb
8:2 . With הlocale: אָנָה ֫ ( a ) whither? Gn 16:8 ; 32:18 2 S 2:1 ; 13:13 2 K 6:6
( ×2 )
ψ 139:7 + 9 times; in indirect sentence Jos 2:5 Ne 2:16 ; ( b ) pregnantly † Ru
2:19 Is 10:3 ; ( c ) in the phrase אָנֶה וָאָ֫נָה
֫ any whither † 1 K 2:36 , 42 2 K 5:25 ;
( d ) of time, ַד־אָ֫נָה
עhow long? † Ex 16:28 Nu 14:11 ( ×2 )
( c. ) לֹא Jos 18:3 Je
47:6 ( sq. ) לֹאHb 1:2 ψ 13:2 ( ×2 )
, 3 ( ×2 )
; 62:4 Jb 18:2 ; 19:2 (less common
than the syn. ַי
) עַד ָמת.
† ֵיפֹה אS 375 TWOT 75h GK 407 ( from פֹּה & אַיhere ) adv. 1. where ? Gn
37:16 1 S 19:22 2 S 9:4 Is 49:21 Je 3:2 Jb 4:7 ; 38:4 Ru 2:19 ; in indirect
sentence Je 36:19 (less common than אַיֵּה, used of persons [contrast ֵי־וֶה
] אand
with a verb [contrast )] אַיֵּה. 2. of what kind ? ( qualis? ) only Ju 8:18 .
WR C. H. H. Wright.
Ph. אי CIS i. 3, 5
and in איבל165, 18; 167, 11 ; Assyrian ai ) Jb 22:30 אִי־נָקִיthe non-
innocent , read perhaps ֵל
( אMe ), or ( אֱלֹ ַהּLey), with וְ ִת ָמּלֵטin v b.
אִיזֶבֶל S 348
GK ( sense uncertain, CIS i. 158 there occurs the n.pr. f.
374
n.pr. f.
בעלאזבלBaal exalts ? or is husband to ? [ v. ] זָבַל, of which אִיזֶבֶלis conjectured
by DHM to be an intentional alteration, made for the purpose of avoiding the name
Baal. If so, א׳perhaps suggested to the Hebrew ear the idea of un-exalted or un-
husbanded ) , queen of Ahab, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre 1 K 16:31 ; 18:4 ,
13 , 19 ; 19:1 , 2 ; 21:5 + ; 2 K 9:7 + .
I. ִי
אS 336 , 337 , 338 , 339
TWOT 39a , 43a , 76 , 77
GK 362 , 363 , 364 , 365
n. m. isle, coast , v.
I. אָוָה.
֫ S
II. אַיִן 369 , 370 , 371
TWOT 75f , 81
GK 401 , 402 , 403
nought , v. p. 34 .
Me A. Merx.
10:9 ( P ) Dt 1:42 ; 6:19 Je 15:9 ; 34:20 , 21 + ; of enemies of God, as protector of
his people Nu 10:35 ( J ) Ju 5:31 1 S 30:26 2 S 18:19 ψ 66:3 ; 68:1 , 22 Na 1:2 ,
8 Is 66:6 + ; as morally supreme Jb 13:24 ; 33:10 ψ 37:20 ; 92:10 ( ×2 ) + ; of God as
enemy of rebellious people Is 63:10 , in sim. La 2:4 , 5 .
† אֵיבָה S 342
TWOT 78a
GK 368
n. f. enmity — א׳Gn 3:15 + 2 times; cstr.
ֵאיבַת Ez 25:15 ; 35:5 — enmity , personal hostility, betw. men Nu 35:21 , 22 ( P ),
betw. serpent & woman Gn 3:15 ( J ), betw. peoples ָם
עוֹל אֵיבַת Ez 25:15 ; 35:5 .
אִיּוֹב S 347
TWOT 78b
GK 373
n.pr. m. Job ( meaning unknown; Thes √ ; איב
obj. of enmity , cf. for pass. sense ; יִלּוֹדEw comp. Arabic he who turns (to
God); but cf. Di on 1:1 ; all dub. cf. Lag BN 90
) Jb 1:1 , 5 ( ×3 )
, 8 , 9 , 14 +
48 times Jb; Ez 14:14 , 20 .
אֵיד S 343
TWOT 38c
GK 369
, ֵד
אS 108
TWOT 38d
GK 116
v. אוּד.
אַיֵּה S 346
TWOT 75a
GK 372
v. אַי.
TWOT 75 , 75e
GK 379
v. sub ( אַיp. 32 ).
אַיִלS 352 TWOT 45d , 45e , 45f , 45g GK 380 , 381 , 382 , אַיָּלS 354 TWOT 45k GK 385 ,
אַיָּלָהS 355 , 365 TWOT 45l GK 387 , אַיָּלוֹןS 357 GK 389 , אֵילוֹןS 356 GK 390 ,
391
, ָם
אֵילS 361 TWOT 45j GK 395 , אֵילִםS 362 GK 396 , אֵילַתS 359 GK 397 ,
אֵילוֹתS 359 GK 393 etc. v. אול. אִילוֹv. אִי.
† ֱאיָל S 353
TWOT 79
GK 384
n. m. help ( loan-word from Aramaic help , so
Lag Or ii. 7, BN 175
, Nö ZMG 1883, 526
) only in sim. ְכּגֶבֶר אֵין א׳ ψ 88:5 .
† [ איָלוּת
ֱS 360
TWOT 79a
GK 394
] n. f. id. sf. ֱאיָלוּתִי ψ 22:20 my help ( ||
) יהוה.
איםTWOT 80
( cf. , Talm . אַיֵּםterrify Lag BN 28
).
† אָיֹם S 366
TWOT 80a
GK 398
adj. terrible, dreadful — terrible , of
Chaldeans הוּא אָיֹם וְנוֹרָא Hb 1:7 ; of dignified woman, awe-inspiring ֲאיֻמָּה
ַבּנִּ ְדגָלוֹת Ct 6:4 , 10 .
† אֵימָה S 367
TWOT 80b
GK 399
17 n. f. terror, dread ( Talm . id. , cf.
Assyrian imtu , Dl ) — א׳Gn 15:12 + ; אֵי ָמ֫תָהEx 15:16 ( cf. Ges § 90, 2 b );
W R.
cstr. ַת
אֵימPr 20:2 ; sf. אֵי ָמתִיEx 23:27 ; ֵא ָמתִיJb 33:7 , etc.; pl. אֵימִיםJe
50:38 ; ִים
ֵאמJb 20:25 ; אֵימוֹתψ 55:5 ; sf. ֵאמֶי ָךψ 88:16 ;— terror , dread
(mostly poet.), inspired by י׳Ex 15:16 (song in E || ַד ) ַפּח23:27 ( E ) Dt 32:25
Jb 9:34 ; 13:21 cf. 33:7 ; 20:25 ψ 88:16 ( || ֲרוֹנִים ח, בִּעוּתִיםv 17 ); cf. Gn
15:12 ָה ֲשׁכָה גְדֹל
ֵ ; אֵימָה חoccasioned by enemies Jos 2:9 Is 33:18 Ezr 3:3 ; by
king Pr 20:2 ; cf. ψ 55:5 מוֶת ָ יִרְאָה || ( אֵימוֹת, ַרעַד, ַפּלָּצוּתv 6 ); pred. of
snorting of a war-horse Jb 39:20 , of teeth of crocodile Jb 41:6 ; pl. fig. = idols
(i.e. dreadful, shocking things) Je 50:38 ( || ) פּסלים.
† אֵימִים S 368
GK 400
n.pr. m. pl. Emim ( terrors ) ancient inhab. of Moab Gn
14:5 ( ִים
;) ָהאֵימDt 2:10 ( ;) ָהאֵם׳v 11 ( ) אֵם׳.
֫ S
I. [ אַיִן 369 , 370 , 371
TWOT 75f , 81
GK 401 , 402 , 403
], ֵאַ֫יִן
מwhence? v. sub אַי.
† אִין S 371
TWOT 81
GK 403
1 S 21:9 … ִין יֶשׁ־פֹּה
וְאprob. irreg. for ( אֵיןso
Ki Ges Ew § 213 e, 286 h
Ol 640
Sta § 194 c
) with יֵשׁpleon. (as ψ 135:17 ); > dialect.
= Aramaic , ִין
אnum? ( De , but v. Dr Sm
ad loc. )
Hbr Hebraica.
† אֵיפָה S 374
TWOT 82
GK 406
35 , ָה
ֵאפn. f. ephah ( etym. dub. , οιφι
etc., cf. Copt. ôipi , Thes Lag Or . ii. 2
& cit. ) — א׳Nu 5:15 + ; ָה
ֵאפEx 16:36 +
; cstr. אֵיפַת Lv 19:36 + ;— ephah , a grain-measure. 1. a certain quantity of wheat,
barley, etc. = ten omers ( ֶר
) עֹמEx 16:36 ( cf. in measure of offerings Lv 5:11 ;
6:13 Nu 5:15 ; 28:5 , all ָא׳
ה ֲשׂירִית
ִ; ע = 1/10 chomer ( ֶר
) חֹמEz 45:11 ( =
bath, ַת
בּ, liqu. meas. q.v. ) cf. Is 5:10 ; chiefly of offerings, v. supr. & 1 S 1:24
Ez 45:13 ( ×2 ) , 24 ( ×3 ) ; 46:5 ( ×2 ) , 7 ( ×3 ) , 11 ( ×3 ) , 14 ; cf. Ju 6:19 , but also of
food 1 S 17:17 cf. Ru 2:17 & Is 5:10 supr. 2. receptacle or measure, holding an
ephah , in proph. vision Zc 5:6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ; just measure צדֶק ֶ אֵיפַת־Lv 19:36
( || מֹאזְנֵי־ץ׳, בנֵי־ץ׳
ְ אַ, ץ׳ ) הִין cf. Ez 45:10 , 11 ; ָה
אֵיפ
ְשׁ ֵלמָה וָץ׳Dt 25:15 (
|| בן שׁ׳ וָץ׳
ֶ ;) ֶאof unjust measure אֵיפָה וְאֵיפָהDt 25:14 Pr 20:10 ; ַה ְקטִין א׳Am
8:5 ; ָזוֹן אֵיפַת רMi 6:10 . (On the actual size of ephah , cf. ) בַּת.
אֵיפֹה S 375
TWOT 75h
GK 407
v. sub אַי.
SI Siloam Inscription.
ZK Z. für Keilschriftforschung .
SabDenkm Sabäische Denkmäler, edd. Mordmann & Müller .
Prät F. Prätorius.
LOPh Literaturblatt für Orientalische Philologie .
אִישׁ S 376 , 377 , 381
TWOT 83a
GK 408 , 899
2166 n. m. man ( = vir ) ( MI , SI , Ph.
אש, perhaps also Sab. אסם cf. Prät l.c.
) — א׳abs.
, but DHM ZMG 1883, 330
Gn 2:23 + ; cstr. Gn 25:27 + ; sf. ִישׁיִ אGn 29:32 + , etc.; pl. ִישׁים
ִ אψ 141:4
+ 2 times ( Ph. ;) אשםusually ָשׁים
ִ ֲאנGn 12:20 + , from √ אנשׁq.v. ; cstr. ְשׁי
ֵ אַנ
Ju 6:27 + ; sf. ָשׁי
ַ ֲאנ1 S 23:12 etc.;— man , opp. woman Gn 2:23 , 24 Lv
20:27 Nu 5:6 Dt 17:2f Jos 6:21 ; 8:25 Je 40:7 , emph. on sexual distinction &
relation Gn 19:8 ; 24:16 ; 38:25 Ex 22:15 Lv 15:16 ( ר֑ע
ַ ָ ) ִשׁ ְכבַת זv 18 ( ֲשׁר
ֶא
ִשּׁה
ָ ִשׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ׳־ז׳ וְא
ְ) י 20:10f Nu 5:13f Dt 22:22f Is 4:1 + ; thence =
husband , especially c. sf. Gn 3:6 , 16 ; 16:3 ; 29:32 , 34 Lv 21:7 Nu 30:7f
Dt 28:56 Ju 13:6f Ru 1:3f 1 S 25:19 Je 29:6 Ez 16:45 + ; fig. of י׳as husb. of
Isr. ִישׁי
ִ אHo 2:18 ( opp. ;) ַבּ ְעלִיman as procreator, father Ec 6:3 ; of male child
Gn 4:1 cf. ָשׁים
ִ זֶרַע ֲאנ 1 S 1:11 , man , opp. beast Ex 11:7 Lv 20:15 ( cf. אָרָם
); cf. fig. ψ 22:7 but also of male of animals Gn 7:2 ( ×2 )
( ִשׁתּוֹ
ְ ;) אִישׁ וְאman ,
opp. God Gn 32:29 Nu 23:19 ;) וּבֶן־אָדָם וְיִ ְתנֶ ָח֑ם || ( לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִי ַכזֵּבJb 9:32
; 32:13 Ho 11:9 cf. Is 31:8 Jb 12:10 ( ְשׂר־ ַ ;) אִישׁ רוּ ַח כָּל־בּhence in phrases
to denote ordinary, customary, common ָשׁים ִ ֵשׁבֶט ֲאנ2 S 7:14 ( || ;) אָדָם נִגְעֵי ְבּנֵי
ָשׁים
ִ ֶלחֶם ֲאנEz 24:17 , 22 ( cf. Is 8:1 ); ָשׁים ִ ֲאנEz 24:17 , 22 is textual error;
We (ap. Sm ) ֻשׁים ִ ; ֲאנToy ( אוֹנִיםHo 9:4 ). אַמַּת־אִישׁDt 3:11 ; but also
Hpt
contr. אָדָםψ 49:3 ; 62:10 ; man , as valiant 1 S 4:9 ( ×2 ) ( ָשׁים ִ ) וִהְיוּ ַל ֲאנso 1 K
2:2 cf. 1 S 26:15 ; so חיִל ַ אִישׁ31:12 2 S 24:9 1 K 1:42 + ; also אִישׁ ִמ ְל ָחמָה
Nu 31:49 Dt 2:14 , 16 Jos 5:4 , 6 + ; even of י׳Ex 15:3 ָה ; יהוה אִישׁ ִמ ְל ָחמ
often prefixed to other nouns in app. הא׳ אָדוֹןGn 42:30 , 33 , ֵט א׳ ַשׂר וְשֹׁפEx
2:14 , ֵן
א׳ כֹּהLv 21:9 , א׳ ָסרִיסJe 38:7 ; partic. bef. adj. gent. אִישׁ ִמ ְצרִיGn
39:1 Ex 2:11 , 19 cf. Gn 37:28 ; 38:1 , 2 ; 39:14 1 S 17:12 ; 30:11 , 13 + ; a
man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Nu 25:6 Ju 10:1 + (so Ph. );
usually pl. ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ְשׁי י
ֵ אַנ1 S 7:11 ; 31:7 ( ×2 ) cf. Jos 7:4 , 5 + ; also sg. coll.
Dt 27:14 Jos 9:6 , 7 Ju 20:11 1 S 11:8 ( v. Dr ) + ; 2 S 10:6 , 8 ( ( ;) א׳ טוֹבso
MI 10. 13 ); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1 S 18:27 ; 23:3f ; 24:3 ; 25:13 +
cf. Dt 33:8 sg. coll. v. Di ; ִים אִישׁ ֱאלֹהman of God = proph. Dt 33:1 Jos
14:6 1 S 9:6f 1 K 12:22 ; 13:1f + ( v. ;) אלהיםin phrase sq. abstr. v. supr. ;
א׳ רִיבJu 12:2 Je 15:10 , א׳ ֵשׂיבָהDt 32:25 , א׳ ַה ָדּמִים2 S 16:7 cf. v. 8 , א׳
ַה ְבּ ִליַּעַל2 S 16:7 , א׳ ָמוֶת1 K 2:26 , א׳ ָחמָסψ 140:12 Pr 3:31 + ; sq. word of
occupation, etc. א׳שׂדֶה ָ Gn 25:27 , א׳ ָה ֲא ָדמָהGn 9:20 ( cf. Zc 13:5 ), ַה ֵבּנַיִם א׳
champion 1 S 17:4 ( cf. Dr ) v 23 , ָה א׳ בְּשׂר2 S 18:20 , אִישׁ ֲעצָתוֹhis
counsellor Is 40:13 , cf. ִי אִישׁ ֶח ְרמ1 K 20:42 , א׳ ֵרעִיםPr 18:24 ; often distrib. =
( ×2 )
each, every Gn 9:5 ; 10:5 ; 40:5 Ex 12:3 + ; incl. women Jb 42:11 1 Ch
16:3 ִשׂ ָראֵל ֵמאִישׁ וְעַד
ְ ִשּׁה ְלאִישׁ ִכּכַּר־ ֶלחֶם וַיְ ַחלֵּק ְלכָל־אִישׁ י
ָ ; אof inanim. things
1 K 7:30 , 36 ; also ִישׁ אִישׁ אEx 36:4 Nu 4:19 , 49 Ez 14:4 , 7 + ; any one Ex
34:3 ( ×2 )
, 24 + ; also ִישׁ אִישׁ אLv 15:2 ; 22:4 , 18 + ; of gods 2 K 18:33 = Is
36:18 ; one … another ִישׁ־ אֶת־אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶת־ ֵרעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבוֹ וְ ִהרְגוּ אEx
32:27 , … ִישׁ אָחִיו אDt 1:16 Mi 7:2 ( v. ) אָח, אִישׁ … ֵרעֵהוּGn 11:3 , 7 + ( v.
) ֵר ַעof inanimate things Gn 15:10 .
† אִישׁוֹן S 380
TWOT 83b
GK 413
n. [ m. ] pupil of eye ( cf. Dl
HA 9
Prät
LOPh , Feb. 1884
, but also Arabic , & Nö ZMG 1886, 739
) — א׳all cstr. — עיִן
ַ א׳ Dt
32:10 Pr 7:2 ; עיִן
ַ בַּת־ א׳ ψ 17:8 (in all, sim. of preciousness); = middle, midst of
night ָה
ַליְלָה וְ ֲא ֵפל בְּא׳ Pr 7:9 ; ך
ְ חֹשׁ
ֶ בְּא׳ 20:20 Kt i.e. in deep darkness ( Qr
ֶבּאֱשׁוּן v. Now ).
ִישׁי
ַ א S 3448
TWOT 926
GK 414
v. ִשׁי
ַ י.
אִיתוֹן S 2978
TWOT 188a
GK 415
Ez 40:15 Qr v. אתיוןsub אתה.
אַ ְך S 389
TWOT 84
GK 421
159 adv. ( perhaps from the same demonstr. root found
also in ִי
כּ, כֹּה, ) כֵּן. 1. surely . 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what
follows: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit ; b. in contrast with other ideas
generally, only. 1. asseverative, often introducing with emphasis the expression of a
truth (or supposed truth) newly perceived, especially in colloquial language, surely,
no doubt ( doch wohl ); Gn 26:9 ִוא ִשׁ ְתּ ָך ה
ְ אַ ְך ִהנֵּה אof a surety , lo, she is thy
wife! 29:14 ; 44:28 Ju 3:24 ; 20:39 1 S 16:6 surely the anointed of י׳is before
him! 25:21 Je 5:4 ψ 58:12 ; 73:1 , 13 ; but also in other cases, though rarely, Is
34:14 , 15 Zp 3:7 ψ 23:6 ; 139:11 ; 140:14 Jb 16:7 ; 18:21 ; & rather singularly
Ex 12:15 ; 31:13 Lv 23:27 , 39 (all P ). 2. restrictive: a. in contrast to what
precedes, howbeit, yet, but: Gn 9:4 howbeit , flesh with the life thereof … ye shall
not eat, 20:12 Ex 21:21 Lv 21:23 ; 27:26 Nu 18:15 , 17 2 S 3:13 ; Je 10:24
correct me, ָטִשׁפּ
ְ אַ ְך ְבּמbut with judgment, Jb 2:6 ; 13:15 ; sometimes with an
advers. force, as Is 14:15 ; 43:24 ; before an imper. (minimizing the request), Gn
23:13 only , if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me! 27:13 Ju 10:15 1 S 18:17 1 K
17:13 al. So 1 S 8:9 ִי ( אַ ְך כּv. כִּי1 d ; and cf. πλὴν ὅτι ). b. in contrast to other
ideas generally:—( α ) Gn 7:23 ; 18:32 ַה ַפּעַם אַ ְךonly this once (so Ex 10:17 al. )
34:15 Ex 12:16 (note accents), 1 S 18:8 ָה וְעוֹד לוֹ אַ ְך ַהמְּלוּכand there yet
remains for him only the kingdom, 21:5 Isa 45:14 ֵל אַ ְך ְבּ ָך אonly in thee is God!
ψ 62:2 etc. Jb 14:22 ; ψ 37:8 f ret not thyself ךְ ( ְל ָה ֵר ַע אַwhich leadeth) only to do
evil, Pr 11:24 he that withholdeth more than is meet ך ְ ( ְל ַמחְסוֹר אַtendeth) only to
penury, 14:23 ; 21:5 ; 22:16 ; ( β ) attaching itself closely to the foll. word (usually
an adj. , rarely a verb), only , i.e. exclusively, altogether, utterly Dt 16:15 and thou
shalt be ח
ַ אַ ְך ָשׂ ֵמaltogether rejoicing, 28:29 ( cf. v 33 ) רַקIsa 16:7 אַ ְך נְ ָכאִים
utterly stricken, 19:11 Je 16:19 nought but lies, 32:30 Ho 12:12 Jb 19:13 אַ ְך
זָרוּare wholly estranged (with play on אַ ְכזָרcruel ). c. as an adv. of time (with inf.
abs. ), twice: Gn 27:30 ָאֵשׂו בּ
ָ אַ ְך יָצֹא יָצָא יַעֲקֹב … וְעonly just (or scarcely )
had Jacob gone out, … and ( = when) Esau came in, Ju 7:19 .— ך ְ וְאַthrice: Gn 9:5
and only (second limitation of v 3 ); Nu 22:20 but only; Jos 22:19 but howbeit .
Note .—In some passages the affirmative and restrictive senses agree equally with
the context; and authorities read the Hebrew differently. Thus only = nought but,
altogether , is adopted by Ges Ew Hi De in ψ 23:6 ; 62:10 ; 73:1 , 13 ; by Ew
Hi De in 39:6 , 7 ( Che surely ); by Ges Ew De in 39:12 (but Hi Che
surely ); by Ew Hi in 73:18 ( De Che surely ); by Ges Hi De in 139:11 (
Ew doch ). Isa 45:14 Ges Ew Hi Di only; but De Che of a truth .
† אַכַּדS 390
GK 422
n.pr.loc. Akkad Gn 10:10 ַמ ְמ ַלכְתּוֹ ָבּבֶל וְ ֶא ֶר ְך וְא׳ וְַכ ְלנֶה
ֵאשׁית
ִ ; ְבּ ֶארֶץ ִשׁנְעָֽר׃ וַ ְתּהִי רname of a city in Northern (?) Babylonia; = Bab.
Freibrief Neb . I, col. ii, l. 50
Akkadi , mostly name of land or district, but also of city, v. Hilpr ;
Hilpr H. V. Hilprecht.
Neb Nebuchadnezzar.
location uncertain; on possible identif. or confusion with Agade ( Agate, Agane ?), city of
Sargon I, cf. Dl Pa 198 & K 19 f. COT Gn 10:10 Tiele Gesch. i.76 f.
אַ ְכזָב S 391
TWOT 970b
GK 423
, כזִיב
ְ אַS 392
GK 424
v. כזב.
אַ ְכזָר S 393
TWOT 971a
GK 425
, ִי
אַ ְכזָרS 394
TWOT 971b
GK 426
, ִיּוּת
אַ ְכזְרS
395
TWOT 971c
GK 427
v. כזר.
אָכִישׁ S 397
GK 429
n.pr. m. king of Gath 1 S 21:11 , 12 , 13 , 15 + 15 times 1
S 27–29 + 1 K 2:39 , 40 ( perhaps cf. anger ) .
אָכַלS 398
TWOT 85
GK 430
806 vb. eat ( Arabic , Assyrian akâlu Dl
W
, Aramaic
ֲאכַל, ) — Qal Pf. אָכַלEx 34:28 + ; ֽאָ ְכלָהNu 21:28 + , etc. Impf. יֹאכַלGn 49:27
+ ; ַל וַיּאֹ֫כGn 25:34 + ; וַיֹּא ַכ֑לGn 3:6 + ; יֹא ֵכ֑לLv 21:22 + ; אֹכַלGn 24:33 + ;
וָֽאֹ ַכ֫ל27:33 ; וְאֹ ֵכ֑לIs 44:19 ; וָֽאֹכֵלGn 3:12 , 13 ; 3 pl. יֹאכְלוּGn 32:33 + ;
יֹא ֵכ֑לוּDt 18:8 + ; etc. (for יוֹכְלוּEz 42:5 read יוצלו, יאצלו Ew Co ); sf.
יֹא ְכלֶנּוּLv 7:6 + ; תֹּא ַכ ְלכֶםIs 33:11 , etc., prob. also תְּאָ ְכלֵהוּJb 20:26 , either as
secondary form from ( תֹּא׳Ew § 253 Di ) or textual error ( Ges § 68. 1 ) > Pi., Thes Kö
I , 389
; or Po el , Ki De MV ; Imv. ֱכוֹל א1 K 18:41 + , etc.; Inf. abs. אָכוֹלGn
2:16 + ; cstr. ֲכֹל אNu 26:10 + 2 times; ֶלאֱכֹלGn 24:33 + ; לְאָ ְכלָהJe 12:9 ; Pt.
) אוֹכֵל ( אֹכֵלGn 39:6 + , אֹ ֶכלֶתEx 24:17 + , etc.— 1. eat , human subject Gn 3:11 ,
18 + often; mostly c. acc. Ex 16:35 + ; also sq. ִן־ ( מeat of ,—some of,—or from )
Ex 34:15 Ru 2:14 + ; sq. בּ ְ ( eat of or at ) Ex 12:43 f ; abs. Dt 2:6 + ; as act of
worship Gn 31:54 ( cf. 46:1 ) Ex 18:12 ; 24:11 ; 34:15 Dt 12:7 , 18 ; 14:23 , 26
Ju 9:27 + ; of priests Ex 29:32 Lv 10:13 + ; cf. ִים
אָכַל אֶל־ ֶה ָהרEz 18:6 , 11 , 15 ;
22:9 + 33:25 עַל־ ַהדָּם Co ( ; עַל־ ֶה ָהרִיםbut RS Rel. Sem. . i. 324 N would emend first 4 by
last); eat up , finish eating Gn 43:2 ( c. ) כלה1 K 13:28 + ; ֶם = אָכַל ֶלחtake a meal
Gn 43:25 Ex 2:20 1 S 20:24 Je 41:1 + ; so א׳alone Gn 43:16 1 S 20:5 + ; ֶם א׳ ֶלח
= eat, get food Gn 3:19 2 K 4:8 + ; Am 7:12 (i.e. spend one’s life) cf. Ec 5:16 ; לֹא
א׳ ל׳i.e. fast 1 S 28:20 ; 30:12 Ezr 10:6 cf. Dn 10:3 ; fig. ְשׂרוֹ ָ א׳ אֶת־בּEc 4:5
(i.e. waste away); eat words Je 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Pr 30:20 ָה ֽאָ ְכל
; וּמָֽ ֲחתָה ִפּ֑י ָה וְ ֽאָ ְמרָה לֹא־ ָפ ַע ְלתִּי ֽאָוֶן׃eat (taste) good fortune, א׳ בַּטּוֹבָהJb 21:25 ;
אָכְלוֹ ְלפִיaccording to his eating , i.e. according to his needs in eating Ex 12:4 ; 16:16 ,
Tiele C. P. Tiele.
18 also v 21 ; cf. Jb 20:21 & sub ָה אָכַל ַה ְפּרִי ; אָ ְכל2 K 19:29 Am 9:14 , of
peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; fig. of receiving consequences of action, good
or bad Pr 1:31 ; 18:21 Ho 10:13 cf. ֵנוּ וַיֹּאכַל גַּם־אָכוֹל אֶת־ ַכּ ְספּGn 31:15 i.e. he
has reaped all the benefit, cf. Ho 7:9 ; fig. of mourner, ִי ֵאפֶר ַכּ ֶלּחֶם אָ ָכ֑ ְלתּψ 102:10 (
cf. 80:6 Hiph., & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping
(was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obv. l, 21, 22 Zim BP 34, 42 ); of gods, partaking of
sacrifices Dt 32:38 ; fig. = destroy Dt 7:16 ( cf. Nu 14:9 ); cf. Je 10:25 ; 30:16 ;
50:7 Ho 7:7 . 2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gn 37:20 , 33 ; 40:17 , 19 1 K
13:28 ; 14:11 ; 16:4 ; 21:23 , 24 Ho 2:14 + ; specif. of locusts Jo 1:4 ; 2:25 2 Ch
7:13 cf. Am 4:9 ; moth Jb 13:28 ; flies ψ 78:45 ; worms Dt 28:39 ; also Ez 19:3 , 6
(of Isr. under fig. of lion), cf. Je 50:7 , 17 ; 51:34 ; also Ho 13:8 (of י׳under fig. of
lion), Ez 22:25 ( כ֑לוָּ נֶפֶשׁ אָ, of false proph. under fig. of lion). 3. fig. of fire, devour,
consume Lv 6:3 sq. 2 acc. consume offering to ashes ) Na 3:13 Is 5:24 (in sim. ),
partic. of fire from י׳Lv 10:2 ; 16:35 Ju 9:15 f 1 K 18:38 2 K 1:10 , 12 , 14 2 Ch
7:1 ; cf. Am. 1:4 , 7 , 10 , 12 , 14 ; 2:2 , 5 ; 5:6 + ; Dt 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of י׳as
fire (in judgment) Dt 4:24 כִּי י׳ אֱלֹהֶי ָך אֵשׁ אֹ ְכלָה הוּאcf. Dt 9:3 Is 10:17 ( || בּער
) 30:27 , 30 ; 33:14 ( || ָם
) מוֹ ְקדֵי עוֹל. 4. of sword, devour, slay Dt 32:42 2 S 2:26 ;
11:25 ; 18:8 Ho 11:6 Je 2:30 12:12 ; cf. of devastation of land Is 1:7 Je 8:16 . 5. in
genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanim. subj.) of drought Gn 31:40 ; of pestilence Ez
7:15 ; of forest 2 S 18:8 ; cf. Lv 26:38 ֶץ
; אֹיְבֵיכֶם וְ ֽאָ ְכלָה ֶא ְתכֶם ֶארof ַבֹּשׁת
ֶ הJe
3:24 ( v. בֹּשׁת
ֶ ). 6. fig. of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Pr 30:14 Hb 3:14 cf.
ψ 14:4 ; of bitter enmity ִי
ְשׂר
ָ אֶת־בּ ֶלאֱכֹל ψ 27:2 . ( cf. Jb 19:22 ). † Niph. Pf.
וְנֶ ֱאכַלcons. Ex 22:5 Impf. יֵאָכֵלGn 6:21 + ; וַיֵּאָ ֵכ֫לNu 12:12 etc.; Inf. abs.
הֵאָכֹלLv 7:18 ; 19:7 ; Pt. f. נֶ ֱא ֶכ֫לֶתLv 11:47 ;— 1. be eaten by man Ex 12:46 ;
13:3 , 7 ; 21:28 ; 29:34 Lv 6:9 , 16 , 19 , 23 ; 7:6 , 15 , 16 ( ×2 ) , 18 ; 11:41 ; 19:6
, 7 , 23 ; 22:30 Nu 28:17 Ez 45:21 ; of custom, usage Gn 6:21 Ex 12:16 Dt 12:22
Jb 6:6 ; of permission to eat Lv 7:19 ; 11:13 , 34 , 47 ( ×2 ) ; 17:13 ; c. neg. be
uneatable Je 24:2 , 3 , 8 ; 29:17 . 2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zp 1:18 ; 3:8 Zc
9:4 Ez 23:25 . 3. be wasted, destroyed , of flesh Nu 12:12 Je 30:16 . Pu. Pf. ְלוּ ֻאכּbe
consumed with fire Ne 2:3 , 13 cf. Na 1:10 ( fig. ); so Pt. ְמ ֻאכָּל = ( ֻאכָּלEw § 169 d
) Ex 3:2 ; by sword Is 1:20 ְלוּ ְתּ ֻאכּ. † Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. sf. ֶה ֱא ַכ ְלתָּםψ 80:6 ,
וְ ַה ֲא ַכ ְל ִ ֫תּיIs 49:26 ; sf. וְ ַה ֲא ַכ ְלתֵּי ָךcons. Is 58:14 ; ֶה ֱא ַכ ְלתִּי ְךEz 16:19 ; וְ ַה ֲא ַכ ְלתִּים
cons. Je 19:9 ; Impf. sf. ֵנוּ יַ ֲא ִכלNu 11:4 , 18 , etc.; 2 ms. js. ַתּ ֲאכֵלEx 3:3 ; 1 s.
אוֹכִילHo 11:4 (?); Imv. ַה ֲאכִילֵהוּPr 25:21 . etc.; Inf. ִל ָהכִילEz 21:33 (but Co
;) לההלPt. ַמ ֲאכִילJe 23:15 , etc.;— 1. cause to eat, feed with , sq. 2 acc. subj.
mostly ; י׳Ex 16:32 Dt 8:3 , 16 Ez 3:2 Je 19:9 ; abs. Ho 11:4 ; cf. Nu 11:4 , 18 ;
fig. Je 9:14 ; 23:15 Is 49:26 ; 58:14 Ez 16:19 ; also ψ 80:6 ֶם ( ִדּ ְמ ָ ֑עה ֶה ֱא ַכ ְלתָּם ֶלח
cf. 102:10 Qal supr. ); sq. acc. pers. + מןψ 81:17 , but also subj. man Pr 25:21 ; 1
K 22:27 2 Ch 18:26 ַץ וְ ַה ֲא ִכלֻהוּ ֶלהֶם ַל֫חof prison fare; sq. acc. pers. only 2 Ch
28:15 , cf. Ez 3:3 . 2. cause to devour , obj. sword Ez 21:23 (but on text vid. Co ).
֫
אֹכֶל S 400
TWOT 85a
GK 431
40 n. m. Gn 41:36 food ( Arabic , Aramaic
† אָ ְכלָה S 402
TWOT 85b
GK 433
17 n. f. food, eating ( with some verbal force,
cf. Dr JPhl. xi.217
) only P , & Ez always ָה
לְאָ ְכל, 1. especially in phr. like ָלכֶם יִ ְהיֶה
לְאָ׳Gn 1:29 ; 6:21 ; 9:3 Lv 11:39 ; so 25:6 ; וְ ָהיְתָה ַשׁבַּת הָאָרֶץ ָלכֶם לְאָ ְכלָה
cf. ְא׳
נָתַן לGn 1:30 Ex 16:15 . 2. devouring , by wild beasts, only fig. of ravaged
people Ex 29:5 34:5 , 8 , 10 ; 39:4 , cf. 35:12 . 3. consuming , in fire Ez 15:4 , 6
, of fire-sacrifice of children 23:37 ; fig. of judgment of י׳Ez 21:37 ; ( cf. also inf.
of ַל
) אָכ.
† ָה
ֲאכִילS 396
TWOT 85c
GK 428
n. f. an eating, a meal 1 K 19:8 (on form v.
Ba NB 136 ).
instrument for dividing, making small, cf. S[ iegfr. ] ThLZ Nov. 17, ’83
) Ju 19:29 ;
ַמ ֲא ֶכ ֶ ֑לת Gn 22:6 , 10 , pl. ַמ ֲאכָלוֹת Pr 30:14 .
† ַמאֲכֹ֫לֶת S 3980
TWOT 85f
GK 4409
n. f. fuel cstr. , only ֵשׁ
א מַא׳ Is 9:4 , 18
.
† מַכֹּ֫לֶת S 4361
TWOT 85g
GK 4818
n. f. food-stuff , consisting in ִים
ִחטּ, 1 K
5:25 (on form v. Bö § 415
Sta § 112 a. 2
) so read also || 2 Ch 2:9 ( MT ) מַכּוֹת.
† אָכַףS 404
TWOT 87
GK 436
vb. press, urge ( Mish. id. , Aramaic be urgent ,
cf. , Arabic saddle ) ;— Qal Pf. Pr 16:26 ) נֶפֶשׁ ָעמֵל עָֽ ְמלָה לוֹ || ( א׳ ָעלָיו ִפּ֑יהוּi.e.
his hunger impels him to work.
ֶ ֫אכS
† [ ֶף 405
TWOT 87a
GK 437
] n. m. pressure , sf. אַ ְכפִּי Jb 33:7 ( al.
read ִי
ַכּפּcf. 13:21 , but cf. Di ).
אכרTWOT 88
( Arabic dig, till the ground ) .
† ִאכָּר S 406
TWOT 88a
GK 438
n. m. Jo 1:11 ploughman, husbandman (
Arabic , Aramaic , ָא
אִי ָכּר, cf. Mish. ) א׳ sg. abs. Je 51:23 ( + ְדּוֹ
) וְ ִעמAm
5:16 ; pl. ִא ָכּרִים Je 14:4 ; 31:24 ( 23 ) ( || עדֶר
ֵ ָב ) וְנָֽסְעוּ 2 Ch 26:10 ( || ִים
כֹּ ְרמ
) Jo 1:11 ( || id. ), ֶם
ִא ָכּרֵיכIs 61:5 ( || id. )
ְשׁף
ָ אַכ S 407
GK 439
v. II כשף.
I.אַל S 408 , 409 , 510 TWOT 2574 , 90 GK 440 , 441 , 554 ( = , Arabic article, preserved
perhaps in following words derived by Hebrews from (or through) Arabic-speaking
tribes; cf. Eng. algebra, Alhambra, alkali, alcohol, alcove , etc. )
† ִישׁ ֶא ְלָגּכn. [ m. ] hail ( = Arabic gypsum; cf. sub א׳ ) גדשׁ אַ ְדנֵי Ez 13:11 ,
13 ; 38:22 .
† אַלְגּוּמִים S 418
TWOT 89b
GK 454
n. [ m. ] pl. a tree ( foreign & obscure )
always with ֵי
ֲעצ:— 2 Ch 2:7 ְרוֹשים
ִ ( וְאַ׳ ֲעצֵי ֲא ָרזִים בּfrom Lebanon); ֲעצֵי אַ׳ 2
Ch 9:10 ( || ָה
; ֶאבֶּן יְ ָקרboth from Ophir); cf. v 11 . vid. foll.
† אַ ְל ֻמגִּים S 484
TWOT 89c
GK 523
n. [ m. ] pl. id. ֻגּים
אַ ְלמ ֲעצֵי 1 K 10:11 ,
12 (from Ophir); ָא׳
ה ע׳ 1 K 10:12 .
† אַלְקוּם S 510
TWOT 89d , 90
GK 554
band of soldiers ( = Arabic , people; so
E. Castle, Thes etc., cf. Che Job & Sol. 175
; > textual error for ִים
אֱלֹהHi cf. Now
) Pr 30:31 .
† ֶאלְתּוֹלַד S 513
GK 557
n.pr.loc. ( cf. תּוֹלַדsub ) ילדcity in southern Judah
Jos 15:30 ; 19:4 ; cf. also ל֑ד
ָ ( תּוֹq.v. ) 1 Ch 4:29 .
Gl E. Glaser;
SK Studien u. Kritiken .
(like μν́ ), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition: a. ( a ) with a verb, which is
then always an impf. (never an imperative), by preference in the cohort. or jussive
mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gn 15:1 and often
אַל־תִּירָאfear not! 22:12 ִשׁלַח יָֽ ְד ָך
ְ אַל־תּput not forth thy hand, 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ
אַל־ ְתּהִי־בוֹand let not our hand be upon him, 21:16 אַל־ ֶא ְראֶהlet me not look upon the
death of the lad! ψ 25:2 ֵבוֹשׁה
ָ אַל־אlet me not be ashamed; with 1 pl. (rare) 2 S 13:25
Je 18:18 Jon 1:14 . In an imprecation: Gn 49:4 ַר אַל־תּוֹתhave not thou the
excellency! ψ 109:12 Jb 3:4 , 6 . Sometimes strengthened by נָא: Gn 13:8 18:3 al. (
b ) without a verb, ( α ) 2 S 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Is 62:6 ψ
83:2 . ( β ) used absol. , in deprecation Gn 19:18 2 S 13:16 ( v. sub ) אוֹדָה2 K 3:13 ;
4:16 ; 6:27 ( v. RVm : but possibly to be expl. by Dr § 152 iii ; so Th Ke : hardly as
Ew § 355b ) Ru 1:13 ַי אַל בְּנֹתNay , my daughters, cf. Ju 19:23 ; ( γ ) after a preceding
imper. A, 5:14 Jo 2:13 Pr 8:10 , a juss. 27:2 , an inf. abs. 17:12 . ( c ) in poetry
אַלsometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet ( v. Dr § 56–8 ); Is
2:9 ִשּׂא ָלהֶם
ָ וְאַל־תּand forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), ψ 41:3 Pr 3:25 Jb
5:22 ; ψ 34:6 (but S Ew Che here read וּ ְפנֵיכֶם, prob. rightly); 50:3a may our
God come ָשׁ וְאַל־ ֫יֶ ֱ ֥חרand not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a
spectator of the scene v 2 , 3b –c) 121:3 (contrast v 4 ) לֹאJe 46:6 + ., b. once Pr
12:28 joined closely to a subst. ( cf. לֹא2b ): In the way of righteousness is life, and in
the pathway thereof מוֶת ָ אַל־there is no-death! ; but error for ‘ אֶל־unto’ Capp B
B . c. once Jb 24:25 used poet. as a subst. , And bring my words לְאַלto nought!
—N.B. 1 S 27:10 ֶם ְשׁ ְטתּ ַ הַיּוֹם אַל־פּ, אַלwith the pf. is against all analogy; and either
( אֶל־מִיwith B ), or better אָןwhither? (with S : v. 1 S 10:14 ) must be
read.
5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to , as Lv 18:18
thou shalt not take ָהּ
ִשּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹת
ָ אa woman to, in addition to , her sister, Jos 13:22 (
|| Nu 31:8 ; על 1 S 14:34 to eat הדָּם
ַ אֶל־together with the blood ( v 32 & generally
;) עַל 1 K 10:7 ( הוֹסִיף אֶלgenerally ;) עַלJe 25:26 ; Ez 7:26 || ( ְשׁמוּעָה אֶל ְשׁמוּעָה
;) על 44:7 ; La 3:41 let us lift up פּ֑יִם
ָ ְל ָבבֵנוּ אֶל־ ַכּour hearts together with the hands (
AG ii. § 51 c
cf. , Qor 4:2 ; W ).
W W. Wright, ArabicGram.
8. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by , not merely after verbs expressing or
implying motion ( cf. 1 , Gn 24:11 ), as Jos 11:5 and they came and encamped together
אֶל־מֵי מֵרוֹםat the waters of Merom, 1 S 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2
S 2:23 al. and smote him ֶשׁ
אֶל־הַחֹמin or on the belly, Dt 33:28 Ex 29:12 Lv 4:7 ;
but also in other cases, as Jos 5:3 and he circucmcised the Israelites ֶל
אagainst, at the
hill of the foreskins, 22:11 have built an altar רדֵּן
ְ ַַהיּ
אֶל־ְגּלִילוֹתby the districts of
Jordan, Ju 12:6 2 S 3:32 , 14:30 & 18:4 ֶל־יַד אat the side of (elsewhere ְליַד, עַל יַד
), 1 K 13:20 as they were sitting ָן
ַשּׁ ְלח
ֻ אֶל־הat the table, 2 K 11:14 אֶל־ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךby the
king, Je 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., 46:10 ָת אֶל־נְהַר ְפּרby the
Euphrates, Ez 3:15 ; 11:11 ; 17:8 ; 31:7 ; 40:18 ; 43:3 ; 47:7 ; 48:12 .
9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to:
thus ֵי
אֶל־אַ ֲחר2 S 5:23 2 K 9:18 , 19 סֹב אֶל־אַ ֲחרַיturn to behind me, Zc 6:6
(where ֶל
אis pleon., prob. due to clerical error; note אל יצאbefore & after); אֶל־בֵּיןin
between Ez 31:10 , 14 ; בּינוֹת
ֵ אֵל־similarly Ez 10:2 ; ְ׳
אֶל־ ִמבֵּית לto (the part) within (
v. sub בּיִת
ַ ), in within Lv 16:15 , 2 K 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks;
אֶל־מוּל v. אֶל־ ִמנֶּגֶב לְ׳ ; מוּלunto the south of Jos 15:3 ; אֶל־מִחוּץ לְ׳to the outside of
Lv 4:12 , 21 + ; ַח אֶל־נֹכto the front of Nu 19:4 ; אֶל־ ַתּחַתJu 6:19 1 K 8:6 al. ( v.
sub ַת
) ַתּח.
† ַי ֶא ְליְהוֹעֵינS 454 GK 492 n.pr. m. ( unto י׳are mine eyes ) 1. a Korahite 1 Ch
26:3 . 2. a returning exile Ezr 8:4 .
† ֶאלְיוֹעֵינַי S 454
GK 493
n.pr. m. ( id. ) 1. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:23 ,
24 . 2. a Simeonite ענַי
ֵ ֶאלְיוֹ1 Ch 4:36 . 3. a Benjamite ( id. ) 7:8 . 4. priests in time
of Ezra ( a ) Ezr 10:22 ; ( b ) 10:27 ( ענַי
ֵ ( ;) ֶאלְיוֹc ) Ne 12:41 .
II. ֵל
אS 410 , 411 , 412
TWOT 02575 , 92 , 93a
GK 445 , 446 , 447
god , ָד
ֶא ְלדּS 419
GK 455
,
ֶא ְל ָדּעָה S 420
GK 456
etc. v. I. אלה.
† ֵאלָא S 414
GK 452
n.pr. m. father of an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:18 ( = II.
ֵאלָהterebinth ? ) .
intricate, & conclusions dub. It is uncertain whether ֵל אֱלֹהִים & אare from the same √
. Following are the chief theories: 1. a. Thes makes ֵל ֱאלֹהִים & אdistinct, and both
really primitive, but associates ֵל
אin treatment with אֵלstrong , Pt. of √ ; אולstrong ,
according to Thes , being derived from meaning be in front of; (different order in Lex.
Man., RobGes ); b. ֵל אֱלֹהִים & אdistinct; former from אולstrong; latter pl. of אֱלֹ ַהּ
from √ [ = ] אלהּgo to and fro in perplexity or fear, hence הּ
ַ ֹ אֱלfear & object of fear ,
reverence, recered one; = פחד אלtrepide confugere ad Ho 3:5 ; = אלהים פהד Gn
31:42 = מוֹרָאIs 8:13 De ( cf. σἐβασμα , postB . Heb. ְאָה
Gn 1887, 48
יִרNHWB ;
Aramaic ָא ַדּ ֲחלCWB); so De following Fl in De Gn ed. 4, 57
, cf. MV . 2. ֵל
&א
אֱלֹהִיםpossibly connected; = אֵלleader, lord , from √ אולbe in front; so Nö MBAk
1880, 760 f; SBAk 1882, 1175 f
. 3. a. ֵל
אֱלֹהִים & אconnected, & both from a √ ) אלהּ = ( אלה
§ 146 d, 178 b ( v. also Jahrbücher d. bibl. Wiss. x. 11, Bibl.
to which is assigned meaning strong; so Ew
postB post-Biblical.
Fl H.L. Fleischer.
Theol. ii. 330)
; b. ֵל
אfrom √ אלהstrong (not אלהּ, & אֱלֹהִיםexpanded from אֵל, cf. pl.
ֲאמָהוֹתfrom אמהetc.; so Di on Gn 1:1 ; he supports meaning strong by ref. to phrase
יֵשׁ ְלאֵל יָדִיGn 31:29 al. ; c. similarly, אֵל, being very early & common Shemitic
word, formed pl. אלהים, from which sing. הּ ַ אֱלוֹwas afterwards inferred, Nes Theol.
Stud. a. Württ. , 1882, 243;
(criticized by Nö SBA l.c. ). 4. ֵל
אֱלוֹ ַהּ ( א, אֱלֹהִיםdisregarded) from
√ אלהstretch out to, reach after ( cf. prep. ֶל א, ֱאלֵי, also אָלָהswear ), God as the one
whom men strive to reach , ‘ das Ziel aller Menschensehnsucht und alles
Menschenstrebens ,’ Lag Or ii. 3; GN 1882, 173 = M 96 .— Cf. Spurrell Heb. Text of Gn., App. ii ,
where all these views are stated somewhat more fully, & briefly criticized; on the use of
אֱלֹ ַהּ & אֵלin Shemitic languages vid. , exhaustively, Nö MBAk , SBAk , l.c. ) .
II. ֵל
אS 410 , 411 , 412
TWOT 02575 , 92 , 93a
GK 445 , 446 , 447
n. m. ( also, in n.pr. אֶל,
; ֱאלִי Sam. אל, Ph. אל, ( אלןi.e. prob. ) אֵלֹן, Sab. אל, DHM Or Congr. Leiden, 1883
, Assyrian ilu , Dl W
; perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic cf. Nö l.c.
; on goddess אלת
Ph. Palm. Nab. Sab. (also ) אלהתDHM l.c.
, Arabic ( pl. ) Fl Kl.Schr. i. 154
,
Assyrian Allatu Jr 66 , Syriac , cf. also Bae ) god , but with
Rel. 58, 90, 97, 271, 297
Nes E. Nestle.
M (in BAram. Appendix) K. Marti, Gram. d. bibl. Aram.
Or C. von Orelli.
Fl H. L. Fleischer, Kleine Schriften
6. God 217 , the one only and true God of Israel: ( a ) ֵל ָהאthe God, the true God
Gn 31:13 ; 35:1 , 3 ; 46:3 ( E ) 2 S 22:31 , 33 , 48 ( = ψ 18:31 , 33 , 48 ) ψ
68:20 , 21 ; 77:15 ; ָן
ָהאֵל ַהנֶּ ֱאמthe faithful God Dt 7:9 ; הגדול האלthe great God
Dt 10:17 = Je 32:18 Dn 9:4 Ne 1:5 ; 9:32 ; הקדשׁ האלthe holy God Is 5:16 ;
יהוה האלthe God Yahweh Is 42:5 ψ 85:9 . † ( b ) ִי
ֵאלmy God Ex 15:2 (poet.) ψ
( ×2 )
18:3 ; 22:2 , 11 ; 63:2 ; 68:25 ; 89:27 ; 102:25 ; 118:28 ; 140:7 ; Is 44:17 . (
c ) cstr. אל בית אלthe God of Bethel , who had his seat there Gn 35:7 ( E ); אל
אביךGod of thy father Gn 49:25 (poet.); אל ישראלψ 68:36 ; אל יעקבψ 146:5 ;
השמים אלthe God of heaven ψ 136:26 ; אל סלעיthe God who is my rock ψ 42:10
; אל שמחת גיליthe God who is the joy of my exultation ψ 43:4 ; ִי אֵל ֳראthe God
who lets himself be seen Gn 16:13 ( J ); אל הכבודthe God of glory ψ 29:3 ; אל
דעותthe all-knowing God 1 S 2:3 (poet.); אֵל עוֹלָםthe everlasting God Gn 21:33
( J ); אל ישועתיIs 12:2 ; ֑חיָּי
ַ אלψ 42:9 ; אל אמתψ 31:6 = אל אֱמוּנָהDt 32:4
(poet.); אל נקמותψ 94:1 ( ×2 ) ֻלוֹת אל גְּמJe 51:56 . ( d ) אל ֶאחָדone God Mal
2:10 ; אל גדולa great God Dt 7:21 ψ 77:14 ; 95:3 ; אל מסתתרa God hiding
himself Is 45:15 ; אל רחוםa compassionate God Ex 34:6 ( J ) Dt 4:31 ψ 86:15 ;
אל נשאa forgiving God ψ 99:8 ; אל חַנּוּןa gracious God Ne 9:31 Jon 4:2 ; אל
קנאa jealous God Ex 20:5 ; 34:14 ( J ) Dt 4:24 ; 5:9 ; 6:15 Jos 24:19 ( D ) =
אל קנואNa 1:2 ; אֵל חיa living God Jos 3:10 ( J ) Ho 2:1 ψ 42:3 ; 84:3 ; אל
עדיקIs 45:21 ; לא אֵל חפץ רשעψ 5:5 ; לא אֵלDt 32:21 (poet.) Is 31:3 Ez 28:2
, 9;ך ָ מִי־אֵל כָּמוֹMi 7:18 ( cf. Ex 15:11 ). ( e ) God (the only true God, needing
no article or predicate to define him) Nu 12:13 ( E read אַלDi ) always in poetry,
Jb 5:8 + (55 times Jb), ψ 7:12 ; 10:11 , 12 ; 16:1 ; 17:6 ; 19:2 ; 52:3 , 7 ; 55:20 ;
57:3 ; 73:11 , 17 ; 74:8 ; 77:10 ; 78:7 , 8 , 18 , 19 , 34 , 41 ; 82:1 ; 83:2 ; 90:2 ;
104:21 ; 106:14 , 21 ; 107:11 ; 118:27 ; 139:17 , 23 ; 149:6 ; 150:1 Is 40:18 ;
43:12 ; 45:14 , 20 ; 46:9 La 3:41 Ho 11:9 ; 12:1 Mal 1:9 ; ֵל ִעמָּנוּאGod is with
us , as name of child in prediction Is 7:14 cf. 8:8 , 10 .( f ) Ēl , a divine name אל
אלהי ישראלGn 33:20 ( E ); הרוחת אל אלהיNu 16:22 ( P = יהוה אלהי
חרוחתNu 27:16 ); אל אלהים יהוהJos 22:22 ( P ) ψ 50:1 . This is probable also
in the ancient poems, Nu 23:8 , 19 , 22 , 23 ; 24:4 , 8 , 16 , 23 (poet. Balaam ||
) עליון & שדּיDt 32:18 ; 33:26 (poet.) Moses || ) אֱלֹהֵי ֶקדֶם & צוּר2 S 22:32 ;
23:5 (poet. David || ) צוּרand in the combinations עליון ( אל5 times; vid. ) עלאיון
& שדּי ( אל10 times; vid. ) ַשׁדַּי.
† 7. ֵל
אstrength, power (on connection with I. אָלָהcf. Di Gn 1:1 ; 31:29 ) in
יֶשׁ־ ְלאֵל יָדִיit is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Gn
31:29 ( E ; sq. ְל+ Inf. ); יְָד֯י ָך ִבּהְיוֹת ְלאֵלPr 3:27 ( sq. id. ); יֶשׁ־ ְלאֵל יָדָםMi
2:1 ( abs. ); neg. ךָ ֑ וְאֵין ְלאֵל יֶָדDt 28:32 ( abs. ) = thou shalt be powerless , so Ne
5:5 . v. also Brock ZAW xxvi (1906), 29 ff. (meaning ‘might’ very dub. : renders belongs
to the god of (my) hand , supposing phrase a survival, with orig. meaning forgotten,
of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon
particular members of body).
אֱלֹהִים S 430
TWOT 93c
GK 466
2570 n. m. pl. ( f. 1 K 11:33 ; on number of
occurrences of ֵל א, אֱלוֹ ַהּ, אֱלֹהִיםcf. also Nes l.c. ) 1. pl. in number. † a.
rulers, judges , either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine
majesty and power: האלהיםEx 21:6 (Onk S , but τὸ κριτήριον του̂ Θεου̂ )
22:7 , 8 ; אלהים22:8 , 27 ( Ra AE Ew RVm ; but gods , Josephus
Philo AV ; God , Di RV ; all Covt. code of E ) cf. 1 S 2:25 v. Dr ; Ju 5:8 (
Ew , but gods ; God S BarHeb ; יהוהB Be ) ψ 82:1 , 6 ( De Ew Pe ; but
angels Bl Hup ) 138:1 ( S Rab Ki De ; but angels Calv ; God , Ew ;
gods , Hup Pe Che ). † b. divine ones , superhuman beings including God and
angels ψ 8:6 ( De Che Br ; but angels S Ew ; God , RV and most
moderns) Gn 1:27 (if with Philo Jer De Che we interpret נעשהas God’s
consultation with angels; cf. Jb 38:7 ). † c. angels ψ 97:7 ( S Calv ; but
3. ִים
ָהאֱלֹהthe ( true ) God , האלהים
י׳ הואYahweh is ( the ) God Dt 4:35 ,
39 ; 7:9 1 K 8:60 ; 18:39 2 Ch 33:13 הוא האלהים1 K 18:24 Is 45:18 ; י׳
( ×2 )
4. ִים
= אֱלֹהGod ֱאמֶת י׳ אֱלֹהִים = Yahweh is God in truth Je 10:10 . a.
( אלהיםas subj. obj. direct or indirect) is used by P (50 times in story of creation
and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by E (91 times), J chiefly in poetic sources Gn
3:1 , 3 , 5 ( ×2 ) ; 9:27 ; 39:9 Dt 32:17 , 39 , by D (11 times) Ju (21 times) S (50
times) K (29 times) Chr (45 times); in ψ 42—86 (180 times often by editorial
change for an original ) יהוה, elsewhere ψ 3:3 ; 5:11 ; 7:11 , 12 ; 9:18 ; 10:4 , 13
; 14:1 , 2 , 5 ; 25:22 ; 36:2 , 8 ; 77:14 ; 100:3 ; 108:2 , 6 , 8 , 12 ( ×2 ) , 14 Jb
5:8 ; 20:29 ; 28:23 ; 32:2 ; 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Pr 2:5 ; 3:4 ; 25:2 Ec (7
times) Hos (5 times) Am 4:11 ( כמהפכת אלהים את סדםas God overthrew Sodom
= Je 50:40 = Is 13:19 ) Zc 8:23 ; 12:8 Mi 3:7 (but אליהם S ) Is 35:4 Is
2 (9 times) Je 10:10 Ez (13 times) Mal (5 times) Jon (4 times); the phrase היה ל׳
לאלהים R
Gn 28:21 ( E ) 17:7 , 8 Ex 6:7 ; 29:45 Lv 11:45 ; 22:33 ; 25:38 ;
26:12 , 45 Nu 15:41 ( P ) Dt 26:17 ; 29:13 2 S 7:24 ( = 1 Ch 17:22 ) Zc 8:8
† ִיאָב ֱאלS 446 GK 482 n.pr. m. ( God is father , cf. ) ֲא ִביאֵלa. prince of
Zebulon Nu 1:9 ; 2:7 ; 7:24 , 29 ; 10:16 . b. prince of Reuben Nu 16:1 , 12 ; 26:8
, 9 Dt 11:6 . c. brother of David 1 S 16:6 ; 17:13 , 28 ( ×2 ) 1 Ch 2:13 2 Ch 11:18
( cf. ִיהוּ
ֱאל1 Ch 27:18 ). d. a Kohathite 1 Ch 6:12 = ֱאלִיאֵלv 19 cf. ֱאלִיהוּ1
S 1:1 . e. a Gadite 1 Ch 12:9 . f. Levite singer 1 Ch 15:18 , 20 ; 16:5 .
† ֵל ֱאלִיאS 447 GK 483 n.pr. m. ( Ēl is God , or my God is God ) only Ch. a. two
or three of David’s chiefs 1 Ch 11:46 , 47 ; 12:11 . b. chief of Manasseh 1 Ch 5:24
. c. two chiefs of Benjamin 1 Ch 8:20 , 22 . d. chief of the Hebronites 1 Ch 15:9 ,
11 . e. a chief Kohathite 1 Ch 6:19 = ִיאָב ֱאלv 12 cf. ֱאלִיהוּ1 S 1:1 . f. a Levite
2 Ch 31:13 .
† ֱאלִיאָ֫תָה S 448
GK 484
n.pr. m. ( God has come ) a Hemanite 1 Ch 25:4 =
ֱא ִליָּתָה 1 Ch 25:27 .
† ֱאלִיהוּ S 453
GK 490
Jb 32:4 + 3 times; ִיהוּא
ֱאלJb 32:2 + 6 times; n.pr. m. (
He is ( my ) God ) a. the young friend of Job Jb 32:2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ; 34:1 ; 35:1 ; 36:1
. b. an Ephraimite, Samuel’s great-grandfather 1 S 1:1 cf. ֱאלִיאָב 1 Ch 6:12 ,
ֱאלִיאֵל v 19 . c. chief of Manasseh 1 Ch 12:20 . d. a Korahite 1 Ch 26:7 . e. one of
the brethren of David 1 Ch 27:18 ( cf. ֱאלִיאָב 1 S 16:6 ).
† ֫ ֱאל
ִיחֹרֶף S 456
GK 495
n.pr. m. ( Autumn God ? cf. Jb 29:4 ) one of
Solomon’s scribes 1 K 4:3 .
† ָף ֶא ְליָסS 460 GK 498 n.pr. m. ( God has added ) a. chief of Gad Nu 1:14 ;
2:14 ; 7:42 , 47 ; 10:20 . b. chief of Gershon Nu 3:24 .
† ֱאלִיעָם S 463
GK 500
n.pr. m. ( God is kinsman; Ph. ) אלעםa. father of
Bathsheba 2 S 11:3 ; cf. ַעמִּיאֵל 1 Ch 3:5 . b. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:34
Ency. Bib. AMMI, NAMES WITH
(according to some = a ). < = Ēl is kinsman ( v. Gray Nö
ib. NAMES , § 46
).
† ַז
ֱאלִיפS 464 GK 502 n.pr. m. ( God is fine gold ? ) a. son of Esau Gn 36:4 ,
10 , 11 , 12 ( ×2 ) , 15 , 16 1 Ch 1:35 , 36 . b. friend of Job Jb 2:11 ; 4:1 ; 15:1 ;
22:1 ; 42:7 , 9 .
† ֱאלִיפָל n.pr. m. ( God has judged ) one of David’s heroes 1 Ch 11:35 (but v.
ֱאלִי ֶפלֶט 2 S 23:34 ).
† ֱאלִיצוּר S 468
GK 506
n.pr. m. ( צורRock is God , cf. Dt 32:4 ; v. also
) צוּרִיאֵלchief of Reuben Nu 1:5 ; 2:10 ; 7:30 , 35 ; 10:18 .
† ִישׁ֫בַע
ֶ ֱאל S 472
GK 510
n.pr. f. ( God is an oath , by which one swears, cf. Is
19:18 Am 8:14 Zp 1:5 ) wife of Aaron Ex 6:23 ; = Ελεισαβεθ , cf. Lu
1:5 .
Gray G. B. Grau.
† ֱאלִישׁוּ ַע S 474
GK 512
n.pr. m. ( God is salvation , cf. ִישׁע
ָ ֱאל infr. ; or is
opulence , cf. ) ֲאבִישׁוּ ַעson of David 2 S 5:15 1 Ch 14:5 .
† ָשׁיב
ִ ֶא ְלי S 475
GK 513
n.pr. m. ( God restores , cf. Nes Eg 194
& Sab.
תֿובאל DHM ZMG 1883, 16 ) a. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:24 . b. priest of David’s
time 1 Ch 24:12 . c. high priest of Nehemiah’s time Ezr 10:6 Ne 3:1 , 20 , 21 ( ×2 )
; 12:10 ( ×2 ) , 22 , 23 ; 13:4 , 7 , 28 . d. a singer Ezr 10:24 . e. one of the line of
Zattu Ezr 10:27 . f. one of the line of Bani Ezr 10:36 .
† ִישׁמָע
ָ ֱאל S 476
GK 514
( God has heard , cf. ִשׁ ָמעֵאל
ְ י, & Sab. אלסמע,
יסמעאל Hal 187, 193 ) a. chief of Ephraim Nu 1:10 ; 2:18 ; 7:48 , 53 ; 10:22 1 Ch
7:26 . b. son of David 2 S 5:16 1 Ch 3:6 , 8 ; 14:7 . c. scribe of Jehoiakim Je 36:12
, 20 , 21 . d. one of the royal seed 2 K 25:25 Je 41:1 . e. a man of Judah 1 Ch 2:41
. f. a priest 2 Ch 17:8 .
ִישׁע
ָ ֱאל S 477
GK 515
n.pr. m. ( God is salvation , cf. ֱאלִישׁוּ ַע, Sab. יתֿעאל
DHM ZMG 1883, 15
) the prophet Elisha, the successor of Elijah 1 K 19:16 + 57 times
all K ; Ελισα, Ελισαιε ; Ελισαιος Lu 4:27 .
† ִישׁפָט
ָ ֱאל S 478
GK 516
n.pr. m. ( God has judged , Ph. בעלשפט, שפטבעל
) a captain in the time of Jehoiada 2 Ch 23:1 .
207
, Ph. בעליתן, יתנבעל, Palm. עתנתן, והבלתVog Pal. 30 & p. 31 f , Nab.
והבאל, קסנתןEut Nab 12, 1 , Sab. והבאל, אלוהבDHM ZMG 1883, 15. 361. 388 CIS iv.
1, 1.2.6
, Theodore, Diodate ) . a. the grandfather of Jehoiakim 2 K 24:8 ; cf. Je 26:22
( ×3 )
; 36:12 , 25 (?). b. Levites of the time of Ezra Ezr 8:16 .
Lu Martin Luther.
† ֶא ְלעָד S 496
GK 537
n.pr. m. ( God has testified ) an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:21 .
† ֶאלְעוּזַי S 498
GK 539
n.pr. m. ( God is my strength = ֶא ְלעֻזּי, cf. עֻזּיאֵל,
Sab. ) אלעז ( אלעת DHM ZMG 1883, 15
) one of the heroes of David 1 Ch 12:5 .
ֶא ְל ָעזָר
S 499 GK 540 n.pr. m. ( God has helped , cf. עזֶר ֶ ֱאלִיsupr. ) a. Eleazar
the priest Ex 6:23 + (50 times in Hex ) Ju 20:28 1 Ch 5:29 , 30 ; 6:35 ; 9:20 ;
24:1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ( ×2 ) , 5 , 6 Ezr 7:5 . b. son of Abinadab 1 S 7:1 . c. one of David’s
heroes 2 S 23:9 1 Ch 11:12 ; ins. also 1 Ch 27:4 cf. Dr Sm 280 . d. a Levite 1 Ch
23:21 , 22 ; 24:28 . e. priest of the time of Ezra Ezr 8:33 Ne 12:42 . f. one of the
line of Parosh Ezr 10:25 .
† ָשׂהָ ֶא ְלעS 501 GK 543 n.pr. m. ( God has made , cf. ֲשׂהאֵל
ָ ע, ֲשׂיאֵל
ִ יַעetc. )
a. descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:39 , 40 . b. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:37 ; 9:43 . c. of the
line of Pashur Ezr 10:22 . d. son of Shaphan Je 29:3 .
ֶא ְל ָקנָה
S 511 GK 555 n.pr. m. ( God has created , or taken possession ) a. father
of Samuel 1 S 1–2 (8 times) 1 Ch 6:12 , 19 . b. son of Korah Ex 6:24 . c. a ruler in
Jerusalem in the time of Ahaz 2 Ch 28:7 . d. one of David’s warriors 1 Ch 12:6 . e.
several Levites ( α ) 1 Ch 6:8 , 10 , 21 ( β ) v 11 , 20 ( γ ) 9:16 ( δ ) 15:23 .
oath Ne 10:30 ; הביא באלהbring into an oath Ez 17:13 ; נשׂא אלה1 K 8:31 ( =
2 Ch 6:22 ). 2. oath of covenant Gn 24:41 ( ×2 ) ; 26:28 ( J ) Dt 29:11 , 13 ; בזה
אלהdespise an oath Ez 16:59 ; 17:16 , 18 , 19 . 3. curse ( a ) from God Nu 5:23 (
P ) Dt 29:18 , 19 , 20 ; 30:7 2 Ch 34:24 Is 24:6 Je 23:10 Dn 9:11 Zc 5:3 ; ( b
) from men Jb 31:30 ψ 10:7 ; 59:13 . 4. execration in the phrase היה לאלהbecome
an execration Nu 5:27 ( P ) Je 29:18 ; 42:18 ; 44:12 .
I, II. ָה
ֵאלS 424 , 425
TWOT 45h
GK 461 , 462 , 463
v. II. אול, איל.
† אִלּוּ S 432
TWOT 96
GK 467
conj. ( often in Mishnah; Aramaic אִילּוּ, , : from
אִין, , and ) לוּif, though , only in late Heb. , Ec 6:6 Est 7:4 .
† I. ֱלוּל
אS 434 , 435
TWOT 97 , 99a
GK 469 , 470
n.pr. of 6th month, Aug.—Sept. Ne
6:15 ( Mish. id. , Pal. אלול Vog 79
, Assyrian Ululu COT Ne 1:1 , Arabic ,
Aramaic ) .
Kp A. F. Kirkpatrick.
Gei A. Geiger.
† אָלוּשׁ S 442
GK 478
n.pr.loc. a station of Israel in the wilderness Nu 33:13 , 14
.
†[ אָלַחS 444
TWOT 98
GK 480
] vb. only Niph. be corrupt morally; tainted ( Che
ψ 14:3 ) ( cf. Arabic VIII. be confused (of a thing), of milk, turn sour ) Pf. 3 pl.
נֶ ֱא ָל֑חוּ ψ 14:3 ; 53:4 ; Pt. נֶ ֱאלָחa corrupt man Jb 15:16 .
† ִישׁה
ָ ֱאל S 473
GK 511
n.pr.loc. as son of Javan Gn 10:4 1 Ch 1:7 ; א׳ ִאיֵּי Ez
27:7 ( Aeolis Josephus Jer Kn ; H. Derenbourg Mélanges Graux , 235 f ( Eng. trans. Hbr Oct. 1887,
7)
; Hellas Jon etc., Len Orig. ii. 2. 34 f ; Italy , with Sicily , cf. ליָא
ְ ְמדִינַת אִי ַט
Ezek, Di Gn 10:4 ; Carthage = Elissa, Sta De Populo Javan , 8 f ; E. Meyer Gesch. i. § 282 ;
decision difficult; last view very attractive ) .
I. [ אללTWOT 100 , 99
] ( to be weak or insufficient , assumed in Thes as root of
( ) ֱאלִילas also of ) אַל: cf. Arabic to fail in a thing ) .
† II. ֱלוּל
אS 434 , 435
TWOT 97 , 99a
GK 469 , 470
Je 14:14 Kt , i.q. ֱאלִיל, q.v.
† ֱאלִיל S 457
TWOT 99a
( etym. uncertain: most prob. akin to
GK 496
n. m.
Syriac weak, feeble, poor; perhaps also in usage [ cf. b. ] felt to suggest אַלnot; cf.
Che on Is 2:8 ) insufficiency, worthlessness . a. Zc 11:17 ִיל רֹעִי ָה ֱאלthe
shepherd of worthlessness = the worthless shepherd, Jb 13:4 ִל רֹ ְפאֵי ֱאלworthless
physicians ( || ֶר
ֵי־שׁק
ֶ ) טֹ ְפל, Je 14:14 Qr concr. a thing of nought (uttered by
prophets), but here ִיל ֶקסֶם ֱאלa worthless divin. ( || חֲזוֹן ֶשׁקֶר, ) ַתּ ְרמִית ִלבָּם
should perhaps be read ( cf. Gf ). b. especially pl. ִים ֱאלִילconcr. worthless gods,
idols ( cf. ִים
( ) ֲה ָבלpossibly orig. an indep. word = gods , cf. Sab. אלאלת, &
v. Nö SBAk 1882, p. 1191 , but even if so, associated by the prophets with idea of
worthlessness, & used by them in iron. contrast with ִים ֵאל, ) אֱלֹהִיםLv 19:4 (not
to be made ) 26:1 (both H), Is 2:8 , 18 , 20 ( ×2 )
(of silver & gold), 10:10 ַמ ְמלְכֹת
( ָה ֱאלִילcoll. ) kingdoms of idolatrous worthlessness , v 11 ; 19:1 , 3 (of Egypt)
Len F. Lenormant.
Gf K. H. Graf.
31:7 ( ×2 )
Ez 30:13 (Egypt), Hb 2:18 א׳ ִא ְלּמִיםdumb idols, ψ 96:5 ( = 1 Ch
16:26 ) all the gods of the nations are א׳vain, worthless gods 97:7 .
† אַלָּה S 427
TWOT 100a
GK 464
n. f. oak ( cf.
אַלּוֹן, but here τερέμινθος )
only Jos 24:26 the oak which is in the sanctuary of ; י׳read however perhaps ָה
ֵאל,
terebinth ( v. I. ָה
) ֵאל.
† אַ ַלּ ֶמּ ֶל ְך S 487
GK 526
n.pr.loc. in Asher ( = ? אַלַּת ֶמ ָל ְךso Thes MV ) Jos
19:26 (Baer ַםּ׳
) ֲאל.
† אַ ְללַיS 480
TWOT 101
GK 518
interj. ( prob. onomatop.: cf. , ָה
אָל, to wail ,
woe! Di 718
) alas! woe! sq. לִיto me Mi 7:1 Jb 10:15 .
† [ ַם
אָלS 481 TWOT 102 GK 519 , 520 ] vb. bind ( perhaps cf. Assyrian [ alāmu ],
alamattu , fortress Dl in Zim BP 114 & in BD Ezek. xi ; Arabic be in pain , Aramaic
retain anger ) . Niph. ( be bound = ) be dumb , Pf. 3 fs. מ֑ה
ָ נֶ ֱא ָלIs 53:7 ; וְנֶ ֱא ַל ְמ ָ ֫תּ
Ez 3:26 , etc.; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּאָלֵםEz 24:27 ; 3 fpl. תֵּאָ ַל ְמנָהψ 31:19 .— 1. be
dumb , i.e. silent ψ 39:3 ֱשׁיתִי || ( ן׳ דוּ ִמיָּה
ֵ ;) ֶהחcf. v 10 ( || ;) לֹא ֶא ְפתַּח־פִּי
sim. of sheep Is 53:7 ( || id. ); be dumb , i.e. unable to speak Ez 3:26 (result of
) וּלְשׁוֹנְ ָך אַ ְדבִּיק אֶל־ ִח ֶכּ֑ ָךcf. 24:27 … ; וּ ְת ַדבֵּר וְלֹא תֵאָלֵם עוֹד יִָפּתַח פִּי ָך
33:22 ִי עוֹד ; וַיִָּפּתַח פִּי וְלֹא נֶ ֱא ַל ְמתּalso Dn 10:15 ( cf. v 16 ). 2. be made dumb
subj. ֶר ִשׂ ְפתֵי ָשׁ֑קlying lips ψ 31:19 ( || ִשׁאוֹל ְ יִדְּמוּ לv 18 ). Pi. Pt. bind Gn 37:7
( ×4 )
( E ) ִים
מְאַ ְלּמִים ֲא ֻלמּbinding sheaves .
† [ ָה
ֲא ֻלמּS 485
TWOT 102a
GK 524
] n. f. sheaf , in Joseph’s dream Gn 37:7 ( ×4
)
( E ) sq. sf. ִי ֲא ֻל ָמּת, pl. ֲא ֻלמִּים, ; ֲא ֻלמֹּתֵיכֶםalso ψ 126:6 ( ֲאלֻמֹּתָיוin fig.
of ret. from captivity).
† ֵ ֫אלֶם S 482
TWOT 102b
GK 521
n. [ m. ] silence , ψ 56:1 (title) vid. Ol De
† ִאלֵּם S 483
TWOT 102c
GK 522
adj. dumb , unable to speak; Ex 4:11 מִי ָשׂם
; פֶּה לָֽאָדָם אוֹ מִי יָשׂוּם ִאלֵּםIs 56:10 ִא ְלּמִים ְכּ ָלבִיםfig. of false proph.; of idols
ֱאלִילִים א׳Hb 2:18 ; as subst. Pr 31:8 ψ 38:14 Is 35:6 .
† אַ ְלמָן S 488
TWOT 103
GK 527 , 528
adj. widowed , of Israel Je 51:5 ( sq.
) ֵמאֱלֹהִים.
† אַלְמֹן S 489
TWOT 104
GK 529
n. [ m. ] widowhood , fig. of Babylon Is
47:9 ( || שׁכוֹל
ְ , cf. v 8 ; vid. Ba NB 59
).
† אַ ְל ָמנָה S 490
TWOT 105
GK 530
54 n. f. widow ( Mish. id. , Assyrian
alamattu Dl in Zim BP 114
) — א׳ Gn 38:11 + ; no cstr. ; pl. אַ ְלמָנוֹתEx 22:23
+ ; pl. sf. אַ ְלמְנֹתָיו Jb 27:15 , etc.— widow 1 K 17:20 ; ִשּׁה אַ׳
ָ א2 S 14:5 ( ||
ִ ) וַיָּ֫מָת א
ִישׁי 1 K 7:14 ; 11:26 ; 17:9 , 10 ; Gn 38:11 ( J ; living in father’s house)
cf. Lv 22:13 ( H ; || ְרוּשׁה
ָ ;) גּ21:14 ( H ), where widow forbidden as wife of h. p.,
like ְרוּשׁה
ָ גּ, ֲח ָללָה, זֹנָהcf. Ez 44:22 ( ×3 )
( id. of all priests, except widow of
priest); Nu 30:10 ( P ; of widow’s vow, || ְרוּשׁה
ָ אַ ְלמָנוֹת ;) גּ ְשׁיכֶם
ֵנ = ye shall be
slain Ex 22:23 ( || ֶם
ְבּנֵיכ ) יְתֹמִים cf. ψ 109:9 Je 15:8 ; 18:21 Ez 22:25 , also
La 5:3 ( sim. ); of those snatched away by pestilence ֶינָה
ִת ְבכּ אַ ְלמְנוֹתָיו לֹאJb
27:15 ; by sword, id. , ψ 78:64 ; We read ַיּוֹת
אַ ְלמָנוֹת ח2 S 20:3 ( v. אַ ְלמָנוּת
infr. ) of imprisoned concubines; fig. of Jerusalem La 1:1 ; Babylon Is 47:8 ;
especially widow as helpless, exposed to oppression & harsh treatment (often || יָתוֹם,
& ;) גֵּרIs 1:23 ; 10:2 Jb 22:9 ; 24:3 ; 31:16 ψ 94:6 Mal 3:5 ; harshness
forbidden, & care for them enjoined Ex 22:21 ( E ) Dt 14:29 ; 16:11 , 14 ; 24:17 ,
19 , 20 , 21 ; 26:12 , 13 ; 27:19 Is 1:17 Je 7:6 ; 22:3 Zc 7:10 , cf. Jb 29:13 ;
under especially care of God Dt 10:18 Je 49:11 Pr 15:25 ψ 68:6 ; 146:9 ; once of
severity of judgment in not sparing widow Is 9:16 . ( אַל׳Is 13:22 vid. sub ְמוֹן
; אַר
Ez 19:7 vid. ib. )
† [ ָנוּת
אַ ְלמS 491
TWOT 106
GK 531
] n. f. widowhood ( Mish. id. , Ph.
) אלמתsf. ִבּגְדֵי אַ ְלמְנוּתָהּher widow’s garments Gn 38:14 , 19 ; cstr. אַ ְלמְנוּת
חַיּוּת2 S 20:3 (of David’s imprisoned concubines; but text impossible; We
אַ ְלמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת, cf. Dr ; Klo thinks gloss); fig. of Jerusalem Is 54:4 אַ ְלמְנוּ ַתיְִך.
† אַלְמֹנִי S 492
TWOT 107
GK 532
adj. some one, a certain (name unspoken );
מְקוֹם פְּלֹנִי א׳ 1 S 21:3 2 K 6:8 ; א׳ פ׳alone, of person, = such-an-one, so-and-
so Ru 4:1 .
† ָר ֶא ָלּסS 495 GK 536 n.pr.loc. Ellasar Gn 14:1 , 9 ( = Bab. Larsa , mod.
Senkereh , c. 28 miles NE. from Ur; cf. Loft CS 240 f Dl Pa 223 f Tiele Gesch. i. 86 ,
COT ad loc. ).
ֶ ֫אלS
† I. [ ֶף 504 , 505 , 507
TWOT 108a , 109a
GK 546 , 547 , 548 , 549
] n. m. ψ 8:8 ; only
pl. cattle ( Ph. אלף, Assyrian alpu , ) — ֲא ָלפִיםPr 14:4 Is 30:24
COT Gloss.
used in tillage; subject to man ψ 8:8 ( || ;) צֹנֶהtheir increase ךָ ְשׁגַר ֲא ָלפֶיa blessing
ָ ֶַ֑שׁתְּרֹת צֹאנ
Dt 7:13 ; 28:4 , 18 , 51 ( || all ך ְ ) ע.
Loft W. K. Loftus, Chaldaea and Susiana.
Gloss. glossary, rarely = a gloss.
† I. אַלּוּףS 441
TWOT 108b , 109b
GK 476 , 477
adj. tame — א׳abs. Mi 7:5 + ;
cstr. Pr 2:17 + ; sf. אַלּוּפִיψ 55:14 ; pl. אַ ֻלּפִיםJe 13:21 , sf. אַלּוּפֵינוּψ 144:14
, etc.;— 1. tame, docile , ֶשׂ אַלּוּף ֶכּבa docile (gentle) lamb Je 11:19 . 2. n. m.
friend, intimate ψ 55:14 ( || מיֻדָּע ְ ) Mi 7:5 ( || ) ֵר ַעPr 16:28 ; 17:9 Je 13:21 ; of a
woman’s husband ה ָ א׳ נְעוּרֶיPr 2:17 ; fig. of י׳as husband of Judah, id. , Je 3:4 . 3.
i.q. 1. ֶף
אַלּוּ ֵפינוּ ְמ ֻס ָבּלִים ; ֶאלψ 144:14 (i.e. cows).
הָא׳ Jos 18:28 ; perhaps Lifta NW. from Jerus. Survey iii. 18 .
† II. [ ַף
אָלS 502 , 503
TWOT 108 , 109
GK 544 , 545
] vb. denom.
II. [ ַף
אָלS 502 , 503
TWOT 108 , 109
GK 544 , 545
] vb. denom. Hiph. ψ 144:13
ַמ ֲאלִיפוֹתproducing thousands (subj. ) צֹאן.
†[ אָלַץS 509
TWOT 110
GK 552
] vb. Pi. urge ( Aramaic , Sam. )3 fs.
וַתְּאַ ַלצֵהוּ Ju 16:16 ( || ה
ָ ִב ְד ָברֶי ) ֵהצִיקָה לוֹ.
אַלְקוּם S 510
TWOT 89d , 90
GK 554
v. I. אַל.
† ְקֹשׁי
ִ ֶאלS 512 GK 556 adj. gent. c. art. Nahum the Elkoshite Na 1:1 (
perhaps = from Elkosh , but locality unknown; identified by Jer Comm. with a village
Elcesi in Galilee; cf. also Capernaum ( = ַר נַחוּם )? ְכּפElkosh near Mosul
Nahum, etc., 9 ff.
improbable; on etymol., and site of place, v. Da GASm Twelve Proph. ii. 79f.
).
transit. transitive.
Da A. B. Davidson.
GASm George Adam Smith.
† ֵא ֶא ְל ְתּקS 514 GK 558 , ֶא ְל ְתּקֵהS 514 GK 559 n.pr.loc. Levitical city in the
tribe of Dan, between Ekron & Timna, Assyrian Altaku ( COT ) Jos 19:44 ; 21:23 .
† ֶֹא ְלתְּקן n.pr.loc. a city in the tribe of Judah north of Hebron Jos 15:59 .
אִם S 518
TWOT 111
GK 561
conj. ( = Aramaic if [and in , ָא
= ֶאלּif not, except
], Arabic if [and in = if not, except ], Ethiopic ( ĕmma ) if = מָה+ [ ) ( אִםand in (
allâ ) if not, but ], Assyrian šumma; SAr. hm ; Arabic (Lat. an ?) = , cf. ִם ַהא: v.
Nö M p. 208, ZMG 1886, p. 739
; W AG i. § 367 e Onk Jon.
אִם, Hag
אין. )
1. hypoth. part. if . a. construction ( v. more fully Dr § 136–138, 143 Friedrich Die
Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884
): (1) with impf. (continued by pff. & waw consec. ; apod. usually
begins with pf. & waw consec. or bare impf. ; or, if necess., with imper. or juss. )
( a ) of future time: Gn 18:26 ָא אִם־ ֶא ְמצif I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom,
ָשׂאתִי
ָ וְנI will pardon, etc., 24:8 ; 32:9 Dt 19:8 f. 1 K 1:52 b; 6:12 ψ 89:31—33
; Gn 42:37 Ju 13:16 1 K 1:52 a ψ 132:12 . ( b ) of past time (rare, but classical):
Gn 31:8 ַר אִם יֹאמif ever he said … וְיָֽלְדוּthen they used to bear, etc., Ex 40:37 ;
& in the protestations Jb 31:7 , 13 , 16 , 25 etc. (alternating with pff., v. infr. , &
with jussives in apod.) ( c ) assuming a purely imaginary case (with impf. in both
clauses, like the double opt. in Greek), if, though: Gn 13:16 so that ַל אִם־יוּכif a
man were able to number the stars, thy seed also מּנֶה
ָ ִ יmight be numbered, Nu 22:18
Is 1:18 ַשּׁנִים יְַלבִּינוּ
ָ אִם־יִהְיוּ ח׳ כּthough your sins were as scarlet, they should
become white as snow, Am 9:2–4 ְרוּ אִם־יַ ְחתּthough they were to dig into Sheôl,
from thence ֵם ִתּ ָקּחwould my hand fetch them, ψ 27:3 ; 139:8 + . (2) with pt.
(expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apod. as 1 a ) Gn
24:42 , 49 Ju 6:36 ( + ) ישׁ9:15 ; 11:9 ֶם ְשׁיבִים אַתּ
ִ אִם מif ye are going to bring
me back ַן י׳ וְנָתthen י׳will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁor אֵיןGn 44:26 Ex 22:2 1 S
20:8 ; 23:23 ; & with no explicit copula Dt 22:2 ; 25:2 Lv 1:3 , 14 , etc. (3) with
perf. ( a ) of fut. or pres. time (continued by pff. & waw consec. : apod. as 1 a ) Gn
43:9 ך ָ אִם־לֹא ֲהבִיאֹתִיו ֵאלֶי ָך וְ ִה ַצּגְתִּיו ְל ָפנֶיif I do not bring him back ( si eum
non reduxero ) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, 47:6 if thou knowest
that there are men of worth among them ָם ְשׂ ְמתּ
ַ וthen make them, etc., Ju 16:17 2 S
15:33 2 K 7:4 ψ 41:7 ; 94:18 Jb 7:4 ; 9:30 f. 10:14 וּשׁ ַמ ְר ָתּ֑נִי
ְ אִם ָחטָאתִיif I
sin, thou watchest me. On ִם־נָא אGn 18:3 al. v. נָא. ( b ) of past time, whether (
α ) in actual fact, or ( β ) in an assumed case (the pf. is here continued by the impf.
and waw consec. ; apod. begins as before). (4)( a ) Ju 9:16–19 ֶם ֲשׂית
ִ אִם … עif ye
have done honestly ִיכוּ
וַ ַתּ ְמלand have made Abimelech king …, 1 S 26:19 ;
especially in protestations, as ψ 7:4 ָשׂיתִי זאת
ִ אִם עif I have done this …, let the
enemy pursue my soul, etc. Je 33:25 f. Jb 31:5 f. , 9 , etc. ( b ) Nu 5:27 if she have
defiled herself ְעֹל וַ ִתּמand been faithless, וּבָאוּthen shall they come, etc., 15:24 ;
35:22–24 . ( c ) with bare pf. in apod., in sense of If … had …, only Dt 32:30
אִם־לֹא ִכּיwere it not that …, ψ 73:15 . ( לוּis more usual in such cases.) (5) with
= אִם אָ ְמרִיif I say (lit. if (there is) my saying).—
inf. once ( si vera l. ) Jb 9:27
Note that the vb. following ִם
אis often strengthened by the inf. abs. , as Ex 15:26
Sm i. 20, 6
; 19:5 ; 21:5 ; 22:3 , 12 , 16 , 22 Ju 11:30 ; 14:12 ; 16:11 etc.; cf. Dr
.
(3) Part. of wishing, if but …! oh that …! (rare) ψ 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken
to me! 95:7 ; 139:19 Pr 24:11 1 Ch 4:10 . Cf. Ex 32:32 . With imv. ( si vera l. )
Jb 34:16 ִֽינָה
; וְאִם־בּand with an anacoluthon, Gu 23:13 ( P ) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ
ְש ָמ ֵענִיif thou!—oh that thou wouldst hear me!
(4) Nearly = when —with the pf. : ( a ) of past, Gn 38:9 Nu 21:9 … וְ ִהבִּיט
ָשׁ ְך
ַ וְ ָהיָה אִם־נand it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would
Str H. L. Strack, Gram. d. bibl. Aramaic.
Gu H. Guthe, rarely Stan. Guyard.
look, etc., Ju 6:3 ψ 78:34 ( v. Dr § 136 δ Obs. ); Am 7:2 . ( b ) of pres. or fut., Is 4:4
אִם ָרחַץwhen the Lord shall have washed, 24:13 ; 28:25 ; cf. Nu 36:4 (with the
impf. )
אֵם S 517
TWOT 115a
GK 562
v. אמם.
אַמָּה S 4965 , 520 , 521 , 522
TWOT 115b , 115c , 115d , 2582
GK 564 , 565 , 566 , 567
, ָה
ֻאמּS 523 ,
524
TWOT 115e , 2583
GK 569
v. אמם.
† אָמָה S 519
TWOT 112
GK 563
n. f. maid, handmaid ( Ph. אמת, Arabic ,
Sab. אמתin n.pr. Sab.Denkm. 20
, Aramaic Assyrian amtu Zim BP 67 ) — א׳abs.
Gn 21:10 + ; sf. ֲא ָמתִיGn 30:3 + , etc.; pl. abs. ֲאמָהֹתGn 31:33 2 S 6:22 ;
cstr. ְהוֹת
אַמ2 S 6:20 ; אַמְהֹתַיJb 19:15 etc.— maid, handmaid . 1. lit.
maidservant ( = ָה
ִשׁ ְפחq.v. , wh. however sometimes more servile; rarely P in
Hex ) Gn 30:3 ; 31:33 ( || ָה ִשׁ ְפח29:24 , 29 P 30:4 f. J etc.) Ex 2:5 (all E ); 2
S 6:20 , 22 Jb 19:15 Na 2:8 ( sf. refers to mistress, except Jb 19:15 cf. 2 S 6:20
, 22 ); in legisl. ( || ֶד
) ֶעבEx 20:10 , 17 ; 21:20 , 26 , 27 , 32 (all E ) Lv 25:6 ,
44 ( ×2 ) ( H ) Dt 5:14 ( ×2 ) , 18 ; 12:12 , 18 ; 15:17 ( cf. v. 12 ) 16:11 , 14 ; cf.
also Jb 31:13 Ezr 2:65 Ne 7:67 ; applied to concubine ( sf. of master) Gn 20:17 ;
21:12 Ex 23:12 (all E ) Ju 9:18 ; 19:19 ; also Gn 21:10 ( ×2 ) , 13 ( 16:1 f. P
ִשׁ ְפחָהq.v. ) Ex 21:7 (all E ), vid. on this Sta Gesch. i. p. 380 . 2. fig. in address,
ֲאמָֽ ְת ָךetc., referring to speaker, in token of humility;
Ru 3:9 ( ×2 ) ( || שׁפחה2:13 )
( ×2 )
1 S 1:16 ( || id. v 18 ) 25:24 , 25 , 28 , 31 , 41 ( || id. v 27 ) 2 S 14:15 ,
16 ( || id. v 6 , 7 , 12 , 15 , 17 , 19 ); 20:17 ; 1 K 1:13 , 17 ; 3:20 ; in
addressing God (never ) שׁפחה1 S 1:11 ( ×3 ) , cf. ֶן־א׳ בּψ 86:16 ; 116:16 .
† I. אָמוֹןS 525 , 526 , 527 , 528 , 539 TWOT 116l GK 570 , 571 , 572 n.pr. Amon , an
Egyptian god Na 3:8 Je 46:25 , comp. by Greeks with Zeus ( Herod. ii, 42 ; Diod i.
13
), Αμμω̂ν . He was originally the local deity of Thebes ( = נֹא, called נֹא אָמוֹן
Na 3:8 , cf. ִנֹא א׳ מJe 46:25 ), but subsequently became the supreme god of the
Egyptian Pantheon, the successor of the sun-god Ra and so-called Amon Ra . He was
the secret god, who hid himself and was difficult to find (Amon = concealment,
hidden); v. Rawl. Hist. Anc. Egypt, i, 322 Ebers . Ri HWB . Je 46:25 Spiegelberg Randglossen,
43 ff.
reads ( נֹא אָמוֹןas Na 3:8 ) for אָמוֹן נֹא, and finds in both a Thebes in the
Delta. ( II. III. אָמוֹןv. p. 54 .)
† אָמִי S 532
GK 577
n.pr. m. Ezr 2:57 = III. אָמוֹןNe 7:59 .
†[ אָמַלS 535
TWOT 114
GK 581 , 582
] vb. be weak, languish ( cf. Arabic hope,
expect ) . Qal Pt. pass. f. ִל ָבּ ֵת ְך מָה ֲא ֻמלָהhow weak is thy heart! Ez 16:30 (but <
Co ך ְ ;) מַה־לִּי וְִל ְברִי ֵתPu l. Pf. ַל ֻא ְמלJo 1:10 + ; ֻא ְמ ְללָהIs 33:9 + ; ֻא ְמלְלוּJe
14:2 etc.;— be or grow feeble, languish; of loss of fertility (woman) 1 S 2:5 Je 15:9 ;
of fisherman whose trade fails Is 19:8 ( || אנה, ;) אבלin genl. in inhab. of smitten land
Ho 4:3 ( || ֶץ
הָאָר ;) ֶתּ ֱאבַל Is 24:4 cf. infr. usually subj. inanim., personif.; ֶשׁבּוֹןְח
ַשׁדְמוֹתIs 16:8 ; cf. Na 1:4 ; ֵל
ֵתּבIs 24:4 ( || נבל, ֶארֶץ ;) אבל33:9
( ×2 )
( || ;) אבל
subj. ֶן גֶּפIs 24:7 ( || יִ ְצהָר ;) אָבַל תִּירוֹשׁJo 1:10 ( || שׁדד, אבל, ; הובישׁkindred
subj.); אנָה ֵ ְתּv 12 ( || ִישׁהָ ְשׁ ָע־ִים ;) ַהגֶּפֶן הוֹבJe 14:2 ( || ;) יְהוּדָה ֽאָ ְבלָהcf. La 2:8
וַיַּ ֲאבֶל־חֵל וְחוֹמָה יַ ְחדָּו ֻא ְמ ָל֑לוּ.
† [ ָל
ֲא ֵמלS 537
TWOT 114a
GK 584
] adj. feeble ( Mish. id. ; on formation cf.
Ew § 157 b
Sta § 232
) ; ַהיְּהוּדִים ָה ֲא ֵמ ָללִים Ne 3:34 .
אמםTWOT 115
( perhaps be wide, roomy , Assyrian [ amāmu ] whence ummu ,
womb, mother = אֵםcf. Dl Pr 109 ; but אֵםn.prim. according to Thes Sta § 189 b Lag
BN 22
).
אֵם S 517
TWOT 115a
GK 562
221 n. f. mother ( Ph. אם, Arabic , Ethiopic , Sab.
( אםonly in n.pr. cf. e.g. Bae Rel. 118
) Assyrian ummu COT ; Aramaic ֵם
א, Gloss
† I. ָה
אַמּS 4965 , 520 , 521 , 522
TWOT 115b , 115c , 115d , 2582
GK 564 , 565 , 566 , 567
n. f.
only mother-city , metropolis ( cf. אֵם2 S 20:19 & Ph. ); in phrase ָה
הָאַמּ ֶמתֶג
authority of mother-city 2 S 8:1 ; v. ֶג
; ֶמתcf. Dr .
109
MV der. immediately from √ אמםbe wide ( v. supr. ), ָה
= אַמּdistance , &
hence a particular distance, ell, cubit ) — א׳abs. Gn 6:15 + ; cstr. אַמַּת Dt 3:11
Je 51:13 ; du. תיִם
ַ אַ ָמּEx 25:10 + ; pl. אַמּוֹת Ex 26:16 + ;— 1. cubit , so
)
, 4 , 8 ( ×2 ) + ; 6:13 Ez 42:2 ; also often ָה בָּאַמּfoll. all num. Ex 26:2 ( ×2 ) , 8 (
×2 )
; 27:9 , 18 ; 36:9 ( ×2 ) , 15 Nu 35:5 ( ×4 ) 1 K 6:6 ( ×3 ) ; 7:23 ( ×3 ) 2 Ch 4:2 ( ×3 )
Ez 40:21 ; 47:3 Zc 5:2 ( ×2 ) + , cf. ֵשׁ לְאַמּוֹת ָחמ2 Ch 3:11 ; often א׳ וָ ֵחצִיEx
25:10 ( ×3 )
, 17 ( ×2 )
+ , also ָא׳
ה
א׳ וַ ֲחצִיEx 26:16 ; 36:21 1 K 17:31 , 32 etc.; cf.
ֵשׁשׁ אַמּוֹת וָזָ ֶר֑ת1 S 17:4 ; sq. ַבּ ִמּדָּהin measurement Jos 3:4 2 Ch 3:3 . 2. †
measure , full measure, limit, only ךְ אַמַּת ִבּ ְצ ֵעthe measure of thy gain-making Je
51:13 ( || ך ְ ) ִק ֵצּ.
† III. [ ָה
אַמּS 4965 , 520 , 521 , 522
TWOT 115b , 115c , 115d , 2582
GK 564 , 565 , 566 , 567
] n. f.
( etym. & meaning dub. ; Thes foundation ( cf. Talm . AW ), from ֵם אin metaph.
sense, cf. MV ; De on Is 6:4 der. similarly, but makes support of superliminaria
( cf. S B ); Ew Di from √ II. = אמםprecede , whence front; Dl Pr 110 tr.
holder from √ אמםbe wide , hence contain, hold ) only ִים
ַה ִסּפּ אַמּוֹת Is 6:4 .
† ֲאמָם S 538
GK 585
n.pr.loc. in southern Judah Jos 15:26 ( L Αμαμ , so
A , but B Σην ) .
† ֫
אֹמֶן S 544
TWOT 116a
GK 590
n. [ m. ] faithfulness; ֶן
אֹמ אֱמוּנָהperfect
faithfulness (faithfulness, faithfulness) Is 25:1 .
† אָמֵן S 543
TWOT 116b
GK 589
adv. verily, truly Dt 27:15–26 (12 times) 1 K
1:36 Ne 5:13 Je 11:5 ; 28:6 & doxologies 1 Ch 16:36 ( = ψ 106:48 ); אָמֵן
(ו)אָמֵן Nu 5:22 ( P ) Ne 8:6 , & in the doxologies ψ 41:14 ; 72:19 ; 89:53 ;
106:48 . ἀμήν = Amen: ֵן
אָמ אֱלֹהֵי Is 65:16 ( ×2 )
God of Amen De Che RVm ;
cf. Rev 3:14 , or God of faithfulness, God of truth ( RV ) (perhaps read ֶן
אֹמChe
Di ).
† אָמָּן S 542
TWOT 116c
GK 588
( ommān ) n. m. master-workman, artist Ct
7:2 ( Mish. Talm . ָן
אוּמ, אוּמָנוּתhandiwork , Syriac S Ex 28:11 , where =
Heb. & ָחרָשׁis likewise used of gems; Nab. אמנא Vog 94
, Assyrian mar ummâni
II. ) אָמוֹן.
Sargontexte 65 BP 12
, Lyon , cf. Zim ; cf.
† ֵאמֻן S 529
TWOT 116d
GK 573
n. [ m. ] trusting, faithfulness ( on format. cf.
Ges ) . 1. ָבּנִים לֹא ֵאמֻן בָּםchildren in whom there is no trusting Dt
§ 84 a R. 12
Lyon D. G. Lyon.
† אֱמוּנָה S 530
TWOT 116e
GK 575
n. f. firmness, steadfastness, fidelity Ex
17:12 + 46 times; ֱמוּנוֹת
אPr 28:20 . 1. lit. firmness, steadiness: Ex 17:12 וַיְהִי יָדָיו
א׳his hands were steadiness (i.e. steady). 2. steadfastness , אֱמוּנַת ִעתֶּי ָך
steadfastness of thy times Is 33:6 . 3. faithfulness, trust: a. of human conduct ψ 37:3
Pr 12:22 Je 5:3 ; 7:28 ; 9:2 ; in office 2 K 12:16 ; 22:7 2 Ch 19:9 ; 31:12 ; 34:12
; ( ֱמוּנָה ) על
ֶבּאin trust (over) 1 Ch 9:22 , 26 , 31 2 Ch 31:15 , 18 ; ֶדּ ֶר ְך א׳ψ
119:30 ; ֱמוּנוֹת
א אִישׁman of great faithfulness Pr 28:20 ; associated with ֶצדֶקin
human character צדֶק
ֶ יָפִי ַח א׳ יַגִּידwho breatheth out faithfulness sheweth forth
righteousness Pr 12:17 ; cf. 1 S 26:23 Is 59:4 Je 5:1 ; חיֶה ְ ִ ַצדִּיק ֶבּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יa
righteous man by his faithfulness liveth Hb 2:4 ( > faith Luth AV RV ). b. as a
divine attribute ψ 88:12 ; 89:2 , 3 , 6 , 9 Is 25:1 Ho 2:22 La 3:23 ; ֱמוּנָה אֵל א
Dt 32:4 ; his faithfulness is shewn in his works ψ 33:4 ; commands ψ 119:86 ; in
affliction ψ 119:75 ; in his oath to David ψ 89:50 ; it reacheth unto the skies ψ 36:6
; unto all generations ψ 100:5 ; 119:90 ; he will not belie it ψ 89:34 . It is ֱמוּנָה
א
אֹמֶןIs 25:1 ; cf. אֱמוּנָה מְאֹדψ 119:138 . It is closely associated with the divine
ֶחסֶדmercy ψ 89:25 ; 92:3 ; 98:3 Ho 2:22 ; with the divine ֶצדֶק, ְצ ָדקָהψ 96:13 ;
143:1 Is 11:5 ; & salvation ψ 40:11 .
† I. ָה
אָ ְמנS 545 , 546
TWOT 116f , 116g
GK 593 , 594
n. f. bringing up, nourishment
, Est 2:20 .
† I. ָה
ֲא ָמנS 548 , 549
TWOT 116h
GK 591 , 592
n. f. faith, support . 1. כֹּ ְרתִים
ֲא ָמנָה ֲאנַחְנוּwe are plighting faith (make a sure covenant AV RV ) Ne 10:1 . 2. א׳
עַל הם׳support, fixed provision , for the singers Ne 11:23 .
† ֱאמֶת S 571
TWOT 116k
GK 622
n. f. firmness, faithfulness, truth ( contr. for
ֱא ֶמנֶת, from ) אָמֵן Gn 24:48 + 106 times; sf. ֲאמִתּוֹ, ֲא ִמ ְתּ ָךψ 91:4 + 18 times 1.
reliability, sureness: ֶת ֶדּ ֶר ְך ֱאמsure way Gn 24:48 ( J ); אמת שׂכרsure reward Pr
11:18 ; אות אמתsure token Jos 2:12 ( J ); ַע אמת זֶרJe 2:21 . 2. stability,
continuance: ֶת ָשׁלוֹם וֶ ֱאמpeace and stability Is 39:8 ( = 2 K 20:19 ) Est 9:30 Je
33:6 Zc 8:19 , cf. שׁלום אמתJe 14:13 . 3. faithfulness, reliableness: ( a ) of men
אִישׁ ֱאמֶתfaithful man Ne 7:2 ; אנשׁי אמתEx 18:21 ( E ); ָה ַל ְך ֶבּ ֱאמֶתwalk in
faithfulness, faithfully 1 K 2:4 ; 3:6 2 K 20:3 Is 38:3 cf. 1 S 12:24 ; of י׳,
ַבּ ֲא ִמ ֶתּ֑ ָךψ 25:5 ; 26:3 ; 86:11 ; עיר האמתZc 8:3 ; of men ψ 45:5 ; 51:8 2 Ch
31:20 ; 32:1 Pr 29:14 Is 10:20 ; 42:3 ; 48:1 ; בא׳ ובתמיםJu 9:16 , 19 Jos
24:14 ; ֱ׳ ֶחסֶד וֶאmercy and faithfulness Pr 3:3 ; 14:22 ; 16:6 ; 20:28 Ho 4:1 , &
the phrase עשׂה חסד ואמתGn 24:49 ; 47:29 Jos 2:14 ( J ) 2 S 15:20 . ( b ) an
attribute of God ψ 54:7 ; 71:22 Is 38:18 , 19 ; 61:8 ; נתן אמתMi 7:20 ; עשׂה
אמתEz 18:9 Ne 9:33 ; עשׂה חסד ואמתGn 32:11 ( J ) 2 S 2:6 ; חסד ואמת רב
abundant in mercy and faithfulness Ex 34:6 ( J ) ψ 86:15 ; these attributes are also
associated ψ 40:11 , 12 ; 61:8 ; 115:1 ; 138:2 Is 16:5 Gn 24:27 ( J ); they are
messengers of God to men ψ 57:4 ; 85:11 ; 89:15 cf. ψ 43:3 ; כל ארחות י׳ חסד
ואמת ψ 25:10 ; the faithfulness of God endureth for ever ψ 117:2 ; he keepeth it for
ever ψ 146:6 ; it reacheth unto the skies ψ 57:11 ; 108:5 ; it is shield & buckler ψ
91:4 ; he is אל אמתψ 31:6 = אלהי אמת2 Ch 15:3 ; ֶת ֱאמis also associated with
the divine ישׁרψ 111:8 ; צדֶק
ֶ ψ 85:12 ; ְצ ָדקָהZc 8:8 ; ִשׁפָּט
ְ מψ 111:7 Je 4:2 ; &
salvation ψ 69:14 . 4. truth ( a ) as spoken: אמת דברspeak truth 1 K 22:16 2 Ch
18:15 Je 9:4 Zc 8:16 ψ 15:2 ; ֵי א׳ ִדּ ְברEc 12:10 ; ֱאמֶת ַה ָדּבָרthe thing is true Dt
22:20 1 K 10:6 2 Ch 9:5 Dn 10:1 ; אמת נכון הדברthe thing is certainly true Dt
13:15 ; 17:4 ; ֶת אמרים אמת = ִא ְמרֵי ֱאמPr 22:21 ; הגה אמתPr 8:7 ; הגיד א׳
Dn 11:2 , ך
ָ ֲא ִמ ְתּψ 30:10 ; שׂפת אמתPr 12:19 ; ֱאמֶתit is true Is 43:9 ; האמת
אתכםwhether truth is with you Gn 42:16 ( E ) cf. Is 59:14 , 15 . ( b ) of testimony
and judgment ֶת עֵד ֱאמtrue witness Pr 14:25 ; עד אמת ונאמןJe 42:5 ; משׁפט אמת
Ez 18:8 Zc 7:9 ; ַט אמת ָשׁפZc 8:16 . ( c ) of divine instruction ְכּתָב ֱאמֶתDn
10:21 ; אמת תורתMal 2:6 cf. Ne 9:13 ; תורתך אמתψ 119:142 ; ך ָ דבר י׳ ְבּפִי
אמת1 K 17:24 cf. 2 S 7:28 ; אמת משׁפטי י׳ψ 19:10 ; ראשׁ דברך אמתψ
119:160 ; אמת מצותיךψ 119:151 . ( d ) truth as a body of ethical or religious
knowledge Dn 8:12 ; באמתך להשׂכיל Dn 9:13 . 5. adv. in truth, truly ψ 132:11 ;
יהוה אלהים אמתYahweh is God in truth, truly Je 10:10 ; 23:28 ; elsewhere ֶבּ ֱאמֶת
Ju 9:15 ; ψ 145:18 Je 26:15 ; 28:9 ; 32:41 .
† אַמְנוֹן S 550
GK 596
n.pr. m. ( faithful ) 1. eldest son of David 2 S 3:2 ; 13:1–
39 ; = ֲאמִינוֹן 2 S 13:20 ; = אַמְנֹן1 Ch 3:1 . 2. a son of Shimon 1 Ch 4:20 .
ֲאמִינוֹן S 550
GK 578
dimin., so Ew § 167 a
cf. W i. § 269
, or textual error; cf. Dr
2 S 13:20 , v. אַמְנוֹן.
† ַי ֲא ִמתּS 573 GK 624 n.pr. m. ( true , from ֱאמֶתby adj. affix י- ) father of the
prophet Jonah 2 K 14:25 Jon 1:1 .
† ָן
הֵימS 1968 GK 2124 n.pr. m. Heman ( faithful , cf. Aramaic ְמהֵימָן, ) a wise
man with whom Solomon is compared 1 K 5:11 , where app. son of Mahol ( Klo
sons of the dance ); named with 3 others, one being Ethan the Ezrahite; 1 Ch 2:6 a
Heman is named with same 3 + 1 other, & all called sons of Zerah of Judah; Heman
appears ψ 88:1 also as the Ezrahite ( v. sub ) זרח, cf. Ethan supr. ; in other
passages Heman is a Levite; specif. Kohathite, son of Joel, called the singer (
) ַהמְשׁוֹרֵר1 Ch 6:18 ( || Asaph v 24 , Ethan v 29 ); Heman, Asaph & Ethan
named as the singers ( ִים ) ַהמְשֹׁ ְרר1 Ch 15:17 , 19 ; cf. Heman & Jeduthun
16:41 , 42 ( || Asaph v 37 ); Heman, Asaph & Jeduthun 25:6 2 Ch 5:12 ; 35:15 ;
elsewhere ָן
וִידוּתוּן ְבּנֵי אָסָף וְהֵימ1 Ch 25:1 cf. v 4 ( ×2 ) , 5 ( ×2 ) ; ְבּנֵי הֵימָן2
Ch 29:14 ( || ידוּתוּן ;) ְבּנֵי 1 Ch 25:5 Heman is called ְבּ ִד ְברֵי ָהאֱלֹהִים חֹזֵה
W W. Wright.
( ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךcf.
Asaph 2 Ch 29:30 , Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15 ).—On question of identity of
Heman in these various connections, v. Thes Comm.
II. [ ַן
אָמS 539 , 541 , 547
TWOT 116 , 872
GK 586 , 587 , 595
] v. II. ַן
יָמ.
†[ אָמֵץS 553
TWOT 117
GK 599
] vb. be stout, strong, bold, alert ( according to
Lag BN 28 f.
from earlier אָמֹץcf. — ) אֹמֶץQal Pf. 3 pl. ֽאָמְצוּ2 S 22:18 ; + 2
times; Impf. מ֑ץ ָ יֶ ֱאGn 25:23 ; וַיֶּ ֶאמְצוּ2 Ch 13:18 ; Imv. ֱאמַץJos 1:7 1 Ch 28:20 ;
ֱא ַמ֑ץJos 1:6 ; ֱא ָמ֑ץDt 31:7 + 3 times; ִאמְצוּDt 31:6 + 2 times— 1. be strong , of a
people Gn 25:23 ( J ); of personal enemies 2 S 22:18 = ψ 18:18 ; ψ 142:7 (all sq.
מִןof compar.); also (without ) מןprevail 2 Ch 13:18 . 2. Imv. be bold (always || ֲחוַק,
) ִחזְקוּDt 31:7 , 23 Jos 1:6 , 7 , 18 ; ( || id. + ) אַל־תִּירְאוּ וְאַל־ ַתּ ַערְצוּDt 31:6 ; || id.
+ ָת ) אַל־ ַתּעֲרֹץ וְאַל ֵתּחJos 1:9 ; ( || id. + ) אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל ֵתּ ָח֑תּוּJos 10:25 1 Ch
22:13 ; 28:20 2 Ch 32:7 . Pi. Pf. ֵץ ִאמּDt 2:30 etc.; Impf. יְאַמֵּץAm 2:14 etc.;
וַיְאַמֶּץ־לוֹIs 44:14 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. תְּאַ ְמּצֶנּוּψ 89:22 ; 1 s. sf. אֲאַ ִמּ ְצכֶםJb 16:5
etc.; Imv. ֵץ אַמּNa 2:2 ; אַ ֵמּ֑צוּIs 35:3 ; אַ ְמּ ֵצ֑הוּDt 3:28 ; Inf. sf. אַמְּצוֹPr 8:28 ; Pt.
מְאַמֶּץ־Pr 24:5 ;— 1. make firm strengthen , sq. acc. , of giving clouds their place Pr
8:28 (subj. ;) י׳of repairing temple 2 Ch 24:13 ; of physical vigour Pr 31:17
֑ ( זְרוֹעֹתֶֽי ָה ׃ חְָֽגרָה בְעוֹז ָמ ְתנsubj. ֵשׁת ַחיִל
ֶי ָה וַתְּא׳ ֶ ;) אof strength for war א׳ כֹּ ַח
Na 2:2 ( || תנַיִם ְ ) ִחזֵּק ָמAm 2:14 (subj. ;) ָחזָקcf. Pr 24:5 ; of royal power 2 Ch
11:17 ( || חזֵּק ִ ); cf. כֹּשׁלוֹת ְ א׳ ִבּ ְר ַכּיִםIs 35:3 ; א׳ בּ׳ כֹּרְעוֹתJb 4:4 (both || ִחזֵּק
) יַָדיִם רָפוֹתfig. of encouragement; so א׳alone Dt 3:28 ( || ) ִחזֵּקJb 16:5 ( || חשׂך
q.v. ); ψ 89:22 (subj. ע י׳ ַ ;) זְרוֹof support Is 41:10 (subj. עזר || ; י׳, —; תמךDe Che
sub 2 ). 2. assure, secure for one’s self, always sq. ל+ sf. ; of carpenter appropr. tree Is
44:14 ; cf. of י׳appropriating Isr. under fig. of bough ψ 80:16 ; under fig. of chosen
man v 18 . 3. sq. ָב ֵלבharden, make obstinate Dt 2:30 ; (subj. ְשׁה רוּחוֹ || ; י׳ ָ ) ִהקDt
15:7 (of unkind man); 2 Ch 36:13 (of king Zedekiah, || ְפּוֹ ְשׁה אֶת־ ָער ָ ) ִהק. Hithp. Pf.
ִהתְאַמֵּץ1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18 ; Impf. וַיִּתְאַמְּצוּ2 Ch 13:7 ; Pt. ִמתְאַ ֶמּצֶתRu
1:18 ; 1. strengthen oneself , of conspirators 2 Ch 13:7 ( sq. ַל ) ע. 2. confirm oneself in a
purpose, be determined Ru 1:18 ( sq. ל+ Inf. ) 3. make onself alert , make haste 1 K
12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18 ( sq. ל+ Inf. ) Hiph. Impf. Juss. exhibit strength, be strong
וְיַ ֲאמֵץ, ֲחזַק ויא׳ ִל ֶ ֑בּ ָך ψ 27:14 , so also 31:25 .
† ֫
אֹמֶץ S 555
TWOT 117a
GK 601
n. [ m. ] strength, fig. ֑
אֹמֶץ ֳטהָר־יַָדיִם
יֹסִיף Jb 17:9 the clean of hands increaseth strength .
† [ אָמֹץS 554
TWOT 117c
GK 600
] adj. strong , only pl. ֲא ֻמצִּיםof horses Zc
6:3 , 7 (in v 7 perhaps read ִים
ֲא ֻדמּ, cf. v 2 , & Hi ; see another view in Lag
BN 29
).
† ִיץ אַמּS 533 TWOT 117d GK 579 ( ) אַמִּץadj. mighty — א׳abs. 2 S 15:12 +
2 times; cstr. Jb 9:4 + 2 times— mighty , of Absalom’s conspiracy 2 S 15:12 ;
elsewhere of persons; as subst. , instrum. of ( י׳i.e. Assyrians) Is 28:2 ( || חזָק
ָ ); א׳
לִבּוֹ = valiant, conqueror Am 2:16 ; of י׳, ח
ַ ֹכּ ֲחכַם ֵלבָב וְא׳Jb 9:4 ; cf. כֹּ ַח א׳
v 19 ( v. Di & RV ), ח
ַ ֹכּ א׳ Is 40:26 ( || ) רֹב אוֹנִים. Is 40:26 read probably
( אֹמֶץ ).
† ִי
אַ ְמצS 557 GK 603 n.pr. m. 1. a Levite 1 Ch 6:31 . 2. man of priestly line Ne
11:12 (not in || 1 Ch 9:12 ).
† [ ָץ
ַמ ֲאמS 3981
TWOT 117e
GK 4410
] n. [ m. ] power, strength, force , pl.
cstr. ַמ ֲא ַמצֵי־כֹ ַח Jb 36:19 .
אָמַרS 3235 , 559
TWOT 118
GK 3558 , 606 , 607
5287 vb. utter, say ( MI Ph. אמר,
Aramaic ַר
ֲאמ, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare , Arabic command; perhaps √ אמרorig. = be
or make prominent , hence Hithp. infr. , ִיר
; אָמSab. אמרlofty , epith. of king JH
Mordtm ZMG 1876, 37 ; cf. Dl Pr 28 who thinks orig. meaning hell, sichtbar sein ,
whence Assyrian amâru , see & shew, declare, say ) — Qal Pf. א׳Gn 3:1 + , etc.;
Impf. יֹאמַרGn 31:8 + ; וַיּאֹ֫מֶרGn 1:3 + ; וַיֹּא ַמ֑רGn 14:19 + ; in Jb always
וַיֹּא֑מַרJb 3:2 + ; 3 fs. תֹּאמַרGn 21:12 + ; תֹּא ֵמ֑רPr 1:21 ; 1 s. אֹמַרGn 22:2 +
; ָה
אוֹ ְמרψ 42:10 ; וָאֹמַרGn 20:13 + ; וָאוֹמַרNe 2:7 , 17 , 20 ; 3 m. pl. יֹאמְרוּ
Ex 4:1 + etc.; sf. ך ָ יֹמְרוּψ 139:20 ; 2 mpl. תֹּמְרוּ2 S 19:14 ( cf. Kö i . p. 385 );
Imv. ֱמֹר ) ֱאמָר־ ( אGn 45:17 + , etc.; Inf. abs. אָמוֹרEx 21:5 + ; cstr. אֱמֹרEz
25:8 + ; ֲמֹר ( ַה)אJb 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר B Di , or better הֶאָמֹרInf. abs.
c. הinterrog. cf. Ew § 328 d
; sf. ִי
אָ ְמרJos 6:10 + ; ֲא ָמ ְרכֶםJe 23:38 ; ֱא ָמ ְרכֶםMal
1:7 + ; ֵאמֹר לGn 1:22 + , etc.; Pt; act. אֹמֵרGn 32:10 + , etc.; pass. הֶאָמוּרMi
2:7 , but this grammatically indefensible, read ֶאָמוֹר ה, Inf. abs. c. הinterrog., v. Dr
Expositor, April, 1887, 263
.
1. Say (subj. God Gn 3:1 + or man 32:5 , serpent 3:1 , ass Nu 22:28 , horse יֹאמַר
הֶאָח Jb 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personif. Jb 28:14 cf. v 22 etc.; so in allegory
or fable Ju 9:8 2 K 14:9 etc.; especially in narrat., ֶר
וַיֹּאמetc., Gn 4:6 + very often):
mostly sq. thing said, either subst. Je 14:17 ( c. cl. app.) Dt 27:16 f. Ju 12:6 ;
pronoun Gn 44:16 2 K 20:14 + ; or (usually) clause Gn 1:3 ; 3:1 ; 37:20 + often (
orat. recta ); with adv. thus, so Gn 32:5 Nu 20:14 1 K 20:3 , 5 + ; especially כֹּה
אָמַר י׳ Ex 5:1 ; 7:17 , 26 ; 8:16 1 Ch 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually
introduced by ֶל
אGn 3:1 ; 15:7 ; 22:7 Lv 21:1 2 S 3:7 1 K 12:5 , 23 , or ְלGn 3:13
; 4:15 1 S 20:2 2 S 2:21 1 K 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, ְאָזְנֵי
בּ א׳ Is 49:20
( cf. 5:9 & vid. א׳ ִל ְפנֵי ;) דברEz 28:9 ; א׳ ְלעֵינֵיDt 31:7 Jos 10:12 Je 28:11 ; א׳
ְבּJo 2:17 ψ 126:2 ; where בְּ local; in all cases usually sq. dir. obj. of words said, Ex
19:25 Ju 17:2 being singular; Gn 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, cf.
Vrss Di ; = mention, name, designate Gn 22:2 , 3 ; 43:27 , 29 Ex 32:13 Nu 14:40
1 S 10:16 ; 16:3 2 S 6:22 Ne 6:19 ; cf. ψ 139:20 ָה יֹמְרוּ ָך ִל ְמזִמּspeak of thee for
falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che , read ך ָ = ;) יַמְרוּtell, declare, proclaim (
sq. dir. obj. only) ψ 40:11 Ez 13:7 ; in reply to question = answer Ex 12:27 Jos 4:7
1 K 9:9 Je 5:19 ; 22:9 . The obj. spoken of may be referred to by ֶל א2 K 19:32 Je
22:18 ; 27:19 , or ל
ְ Gn 20:13 ִא ְמרִי לִיsay of me, etc. Dt 33:9 Ju 9:54 Is 5:20 ψ 3:3
Dy J. Dyserinck.
; 71:10 , very rarely by a simple accus. Is 3:10 (where read prob. for ְרוּ
ִאמ, אַשׁרֵי
ְ ),
except after ֲשׁר
ֶ אwhere the words used follow ( cf. ֲשׁר
ֶ א4 d ) Gn 3:17 Nu 10:29 ;
14:31 Dt 28:68 Ju 7:4 1 S 9:17 , 23b 1 K 8:29 La 4:20 ; cf. Nu 21:16 2 K 17:12
; 21:4 , & (two extreme cases) Is 8:12 La 2:15 ( v Dr Sm i. 25, 5 ); ֶֽאָמוּר
הMi 2:7
read inf. abs. c. הinterrog. ֶאָמוֹר ( הv. supr. ) shall one say? shall it be said? After
another vb. of saying, introducing thing said: Dt 21:7 ; 25:9 ; 27:15 Ct 2:10 + , even
after אמרGn 22:7 Lv 21:1 Je 34:2 Est 7:5 + ; especially inf. ֵאמֹר ל, after דבר
Gn 8:15 , צוה2:16 ; 3:17 , ענה41:16 , ברך1:22 , נשׁבע24:7 , נדר28:20 , etc.; after
אמר2 S 3:18 1 K 12:23 1 Ch 21:18 + ; after שׁלח2 Ch 35:21 שׁוּבGn 32:7 ; cf.
also Gn 28:6 Ex 5:13 ; 9:5 ; 13:8 ; 17:4 Nu 11:20 Dt 1:28 ; 13:7 Ju 8:15 1 S
23:2 1 K 13:3 Je 32:3 ; 37:9 Ru 4:4 + ; when subj. of ֵאמֹר
לdiffers from that of
preceding clause Gn 31:1 ; 38:13 , 24 etc.; after שׁמעIs 37:9 = 2 K 19:9 .
2. Say in the heart ( = think) בלבב א׳ Dt 8:17 cf. 1 K 12:26 ψ 10:6 , 11 , 13 ;
14:1 ; 35:25 Is 14:13 ; 47:8 , 10 ; 49:21 Ec 2:1 , 15 ; 3:17 , 18 ; ָם
ִל ְל ָבב א׳Ho 7:2
; ִבּוֹ
אֶל־ל א׳ Gn 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subj. י׳, cf. 1 S 27:1 ; ָהֽאָ ְמר
ְשׁי
ִ נַפ La 3:24 ; thence א׳alone Gn 20:11 ; 26:9 Nu 24:11 Ru 4:4 1 S 20:26 2 S 5:6
; 12:22 2 K 5:11 Mal 1:7 ; with ִי כּJu 15:2 ; in particular = desire ְשׁ ָך
ְ מַה־תֹּאמַר נַפ
1 S 20:4 cf. Est 2:13 ; sq. inf. = purpose , Ex 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou
killedst the Egyptian? Jos 22:33 1 S 30:6 1 K 5:19 2 Ch 28:10 , 13 ; expect 2 S
21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Ch 13:8 ; 32:1 .
3. Promise ( sq. inf. ) 1 Ch 27:23 2 Ch 21:7 Est 4:7 ; ( id. + לof pers. ) 2 K 8:19
Ne 9:15 ; ( sq. acc. of dir. obj. + לof pers. + inf. of purpose) Ne 9:23 .
† Niph. Pf. נֶ ֱאמַרDn 8:26 ; Impf. יֵאָמֵרGn 22:14 + ; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֹIs 4:3 ; יֵאָ ַמ֑ר
Gn 10:9 + ; מ֑ר
ַ וַיֵּאָJos 2:2 ; be said, told Gn 10:9 ; 22:14 ψ 87:5 Je 4:11 ; 16:14 (all
abs. , indef. subj., of current saying); so said in a book Nu 21:14 ; be related, told , of
vision Dn 8:26 ; said, told to ( sq. לind. obj. ) Jos 2:2 Ho 2:1 ( ×2 ) Zp 3:16 ; either
so, or told concerning Nu 23:23 ; Ez 13:12 ( ֶל־
ָלכֶם ;) א יֵאָמֵר = ye shall be called (it
֔ ֵ ) ִתּ ָקּ, cf. 4:3 ; 19:18 ; 32:5 ( || ל
shall be said to you) Is 61:6 ( || ראוּ ) יִ ָקּרֵא62:4 ( ×2
)
; hence be called , of Tophet ֵר
עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת לֹא־יֵאָמJe 7:32 ; subj. ֵשׁםGn 32:29 ; Jb
34:31 ִי אֶל־אֵל חֶאָמַר כּ, Rabb. ( cf. AV ) treat הֵאָמַרas Niph. Inf. for ְלהֵאָמֵר, but
against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Pf. , ֵל אֶל־אbeing prefixed to the interrog.
for emphasis ( cf. Je 22:15 ; 23:26 Ne 13:27 ), v. Dr § 9 Di al. ; Hoffm , however,
reads ֵר
הֵאָמinf. abs. = imv. ‘so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.’ † Hiph. Pf.
avow, avouch Dt 26:17 ; אֶת־י׳ ֶה ֱא ַמ ְר ָתּ הַיּוֹם ִלהְיוֹת ְל ָך לֵאלֹהִים v 18 ֶה ֱאמִי ְר ָך
( היום להיות לוֹ ְלעַם וי׳lit. cause to declare , i.e. through agency of Moses; on this &
other interpr. vid. Di ). † Hithp. Impf. ְרוּ יִתְאַמּψ 94:4 subj. כָּל־פֹּ ֲעלֵי אָ֑וֶןact
proudly, boast ( || ִיעוּ ;) יְַדבְּרוּ ָעתָק יַבּprob. also 2 mpl. ִתּ ְתיַ ָמּ֑רוּIs 61:6 (in good
sense, sq. בּ ְ of thing gloried in) S B & cf. ; Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i
. 457 f.
(from [ ] ימרexchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di ; but vid. ) ימר.
† [ ֶר
ֵאמS 561
TWOT 118a
GK 609 , 610
], ֶר
אֹמS 562
TWOT 118a
GK 608
n. m.
ψ 77 , 9 speech, word , only poet., & Jos 24:27 exalted style;— abs. אוֹ׳Jb 22:28
+ 5 times; sf. ְרוֹ ִאמJb 20:29 ; Pl. abs. ֲא ָמרִיםPr 19:7 ; 22:21 ; cstr. ִא ְמרֵיNu
24:4 + ; ָיו ֲא ָמרJb 22:22 ; ִא ְמרֵיכֶםJb 32:14 Is 41:26 (on deriv. from אֹמֶרcf.
Di Jb 33:33 ) etc.;— 1. utterance, word , especially pl. Jb. 6:26 ( || ִים ) ִמלּ32:12 ,
14 ( || לּין ִ ) ִמ33:3 ; 34:37 ; ψ 5:2 ( || ) ָהגִיג, 141:6 (on this v. cf. Che ); Pr 2:1
( || צוָה
ְ ) ִמ, v 16 4:10 , 20 ( || ) ָדּבָר, 7:1 ( || ) ִמ ְצוָה, v 5 19:7 Is 41:26 ;
words of God Nu 24:4 , 16 cf. Jos 24:27 Jb 6:10 ; 22:22 ψ 107:11 ; fig. of day
ψ 19:3 (sing.); cf. v 4 ( || ִים
) ְדּ ָברbut vid. Che on v. ; of wisdom (personif.)
Pr 1:21 ( || ;) קוֹלoften in phrase ִי
ִא ְמרֵי־פDt 32:1 ψ 19:15 ( || ;) ֶהגְיוֹן54:4 ( ||
;) ְתּ ִפלָּה 78:1 ( || ָה
;) תּוֹרPr 4:5 ; 5:7 ; 7:24 ; 8:8 ; cf. Jb 8:2 Pr 6:2 ( ×2 )
; of י׳
Jb 23:12 ( || ָיו
ְשׂ ָפת ;) ִמ ְצוַת ψ 138:4 ; Ho 6:5 (of Yahweh’s words as weapon); in
phrases ֵיישׁר
ֶ ִא ְמרJb 6:25 ; בִינָה א׳ א׳Pr 15:26 ; 16:24 ; א׳ ָד֑עַת
Pr 1:2 ; ַם
נֹע
19:27 ; 23:12 ; ֶת א׳ ֱאמ22:21 , cf. ֵשׁיב ֲא ָמרִים ֱאמֶת
ִ הv 21 return answer;
ָשׁיב ֲא ָמרֶי ָה לָהּ
ִ תּJu 5:29 she returneth (i.e. repeateth ) her words to herself; ָשׂ ְך
ַח
א׳spare (i.e. refrain from) words Pr 17:27 . 2. sg. promise ψ 77:9 ; appointment,
decree Jb 20:29 ; command ψ 68:12 (but v. Che ); plan, purpose Jb 22:28 גָּזַר־א׳
ind. indirect.
; Hb 3:9 Thes sworn are the rods of appointment (i.e. the chastisements decreed),
but passage dub. , v. Comm. ;— Gn 49:21 read ֵי ֲא ִמרcf. ; אָמִירvid. Di
[ ָה
ִא ְמרS 565
TWOT 118b
GK 614
] n. f. utterance, speech, word (poet., mostly
sg. coll. , cf. pl. vb. ψ 119:103 ; but here read prob. pl. n. cf. Ol Hi
De Che )— cstr. ִא ְמרַתIs 5:24 + ; ִא ְמ ָרתִיGn 4:23 + etc.; Pl. abs. ֲאמָרוֹתψ
12:7 ; cstr. ְרֹת ִאמib.;— utterance, speech Gn 4:23 (song of Lamech, || ) קוֹלso
Is 28:23 ; 29:4 ; 32:9 ; Dt 32:2 ( || ַח ) ֶלק, ψ 17:6 Is 29:4 (w. ָשׂא ָ נ, ;) ִצ ְפצֵף
especially saying ( s ), word ( s ) of ( י׳command & promise) Dt 33:9 ( || ִית ;) ְבּרIs
5:24 ( || ָה
) תּוֹר2 S 22:31 = ψ 18:31 ψ 12:7 105:19 ( || ;) ָדּבָרespecially ψ
119:11 , 38 , 41 + 16 times; 138:2 ; 147:15 ( || ָר ) ָדּב, Pr 30:5 .
† אָמִיר S 534
TWOT 118d
GK 580
n. m. top, summit , of tree Is 17:6 ; of mt. v
9 (? so Ew Kn De Di ; Lag Che Brd Or foll. & read ִי
;) ָהאֱמֹרPl.
cstr. ֲא ִמרֵי Gn 49:21 (so read for ֵי
ִא ְמר, Ew Di al. , cf. also I. ֵאלָהp. 18 ).
† ֵר ִאמּS 561 , 564 TWOT 118a GK 611 , 612 , 613 n.pr. m. 1. a priest assigned to Dvd
’s time 1 Ch 24:14 perhaps = 2. ancestor of priest 1 Ch 9:12 cf. Ne 11:13 Ezr
2:37 ; 10:20 Ne 7:40 . 3. priest in Jerem ’s time Je 20:1 . 4. father of Zadok Ne
3:29 . 5. n.pr.loc. (?) Ezr 2:59 = Ne 7:61 .
אֱמֹרִי S 567
TWOT 119
GK 616
n.pr. m. coll. (construed as pl. Dt 3:9 + 5
times) Amorites ( perhaps = mountain-dwellers , cf. Nu 13:29 Dt 1:7 , 19 f. etc.
& Di Gn 10:16 al. ) —always c. art., except Nu 21:29 Ez 16:45 . Meaning
mountain-dwellers very dub. ; on = א׳Egyptian ’A-ma-ra v. WMM As. u. Eur. 229 ff.
, = TelAm. and Assyrian Amurru , v. Wkl TelAm. 36 Jastr EB CANAAN , § 10 Say Hast
DB AMORITES
al. ; cf. also GFM Ju 4 , 5 Dr Dt 1:7 Gray Nu 13:29 . 1. called son
of Canaan Gn 10:16 ( J ) 1 Ch 1:14 = 2. a chief people dispossessed by Hebrews;
† [ ָר
ַמ ֲאמS 3982
TWOT 118e
GK 4411
] n. m. Est 9:32 word, command ( late;
Mish. id. ) cstr. ַמ ֲאמַר Est 1:15 ; 2:20 ; 9:32 .
† ֶל
אַ ְמ ָרפS 569 GK 620 n.pr. m. king of Shinar Gn 14:1 , 9 ( prob. = חמרבי,
Ḫammurabi of Babylon, who reigned c. 2100 B.C. , cf. Schr SBA 1887, xxxi (June 23)
COT ii. 296 f. Dl in De Gen 1887, Excursus ) .
† ֶ ֫אמֶשׁ S 570
TWOT 120
GK 621
adv. yesterday ( etym. dub. ; MV after Fl
Bu K. Budde.
JBTh Jahrbücher f. deutsche Theologie.
darkness, gloom of wasteness, so RV , but dub. , cf. Di ; G. Hoffm reads שׁ׳ אֵם
= the mother of ( all ) the ruined (said of the desert).
ֱאמֶת S 571
TWOT 116k
GK 622
, ַי
ֲא ִמתּS 573
GK 624
v. אמן.
אַ ְמ ַתּ֫חַת S 572
TWOT 1265a
GK 623
v. מתח.
אָן S 575
TWOT 75g
GK 625
adv. v. p. 33 sub אַי.
228
( Gn 41:50 Ez 30:17 ) n.pr.loc. On ( Egypt. Ȧn cf. Eb GS 75
Wied Samml 46
;
perhaps = Assyrian Unu , Steindorff , contr. Dl ) city in lower
BAS i. 610 Pa 318
† ֽאָנָּ֫א S 577
TWOT 122
GK 626
interj. ( from אָהּand נָא, q.v. ) a strong part. of
entreaty, ah, now! I (or we ) beseech thee! often sq. an imper.; Gn 50:17 (to
Joseph) שׂא נָא וג׳
ָ אָנָּאAh, now! forgive, we pray, etc., Ex 32:31 (to God);
אψ 118:25 ( ×2 ) Ne 1:5 , 11 Dn 9:4 . Written ֽאָנָּ֫ה
elsewhere always sq. י׳or ֲדֹנָי
2 K 20:3 ( = Is 38:3 ) Jon 1:14 ; 4:2 ψ 16:4 , 16 .
† אַ ְרנֶבֶת S 768
TWOT 123a
GK 817
n. f. hare ( Arabic , Syriac , Assyrian
annabu, as springer ? ) eating of it forbidden Lv 11:6 ( P ) Dt 14:7 .
Steindorff G. Steindorff.
Wied A. Wiedemann.
I. † [ אָנָהS 578 , 579
TWOT 124 , 126
GK 627 , 628
] vb. mourn — Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְאָנוּ
cons. Is 3:26 ; 19:8 ( || ַל
אָבq.v. )
† ֲאנִיָּה S 592
TWOT 124a
GK 640
n. f. mourning ; Is 29:2 La 2:5 (both times
in combin. אנִיָּה
ֲ ַ) ַתּ ֲאנִיָּה ו.
† ָם
ֲאנִיעS 593
GK 642
n.pr. m. ( lament of people ) 1 Ch 7:19 a man of
Manasseh.
† ֳאנִי S 590
TWOT 125a
GK 639
n. m. 1 K 10:11 & f. v 22 coll. ships, fleet
— abs. 1 K 9:26 + ; cstr. 10:11 + ;—of Sol. 1 K 9:26 , 27 ; called ְשׁישׁ
ִ ַתר א׳
(i.e. large, sea-going vessels, such as sail to Tarshish) 10:22 ( ×2 )
; ָם
חִיר א׳ 10:11 ,
22 ; propelled by oars א׳־שׁיִט
ַ Is 33:21 .
† ֳאנִיָּה S 591
TWOT 125b
GK 641
n. f. unit. a ship — abs. Jon 1:3 + 3 times;
Pl. abs. אנִיּוֹת ֳ Dt 28:68 + ; אֳונִ֯יּוֹת2 Ch 8:18 ; cstr. = abs. 1 K 22:49 + ,
etc.;— a ship Pr 30:19 Gn 49:13 Dt 28:68 Ju 5:17 (where, however, cf. Bu BB
Richter u. Sam. p. 16
on text) 1 K 22:49 , 50 Is 43:14 2 Ch 8:18 ; 20:36 , 37 Jon 1:4 ,
5 ψ 104:26 ; 107:23 Dn 11:40 ; היָּם ַ א׳Ez 27:9 ; propelled by oars Ez 27:29 ;
especially ְשׁישׁ
ִ ( א׳ ַתּרcf. ) ֳאנִי 1 K 22:49 2 Ch 9:21 ( cf. 1 K 10:22 supr. sub
) ֳאנִי ψ 48:8 Is 2:16 ; 23:1 , 14 ; 60:9 Ez 27:25 ; late of ship going to Tarshish 2
Ch 9:21 ; 20:26 Jon 1:3 ; merchant-ship , ֵר
סוֹח א׳ Pr 31:14 ; ב֑ה
ֶ ֵא א׳swift ships
Jb 9:26 ( cf. ;) אבהseamen ְשׁי־ ֳאנִיּוֹת
ֵ אַנ 1 K 9:27 .
† [ ָה
ַתּ ֲאנS 8385
TWOT 126a
GK 9299
] n. f. occasion, time of copulation ; sf.
ַתּ ֲאנָתָהּi.e. of wild ass Je 2:24 .
ֽאָנָּ֫ה S 577
TWOT 122
GK 629
v. ֽאָנָּ֫א.
אֲנוּ S 580
TWOT 128
GK 630
Je 42:6 Kt : v. after אנִי
ֲ.
† [ ַח
אָנS 584
TWOT 127
GK 634
] vb. only Niph. sigh, groan , mostly poet. &
late ( Aramaic אנַה
ֲ , Ethiopic cf. Assyrian [ anâḫu ], inḫu , sigh Zim BP 12, 30
)—
Pf. 3 fs. נֶ ֶאנְחָהLa 1:8 Jo 1:18 ; 3 pl. נֶ ֶאנְחוּIs 24:7 ; Impf. יֵאָנַחPr 29:2 etc.;
֯ ַ֑ הֵאָנEz 21:11 ; Pt. נֶ ְאנָ֑הEz 21:12 ; נֶ ֱאנָחָהLa 1:21 etc.;— 1. sigh , in
Imv. ח
token of grief Is 24:7 Pr 29:2 La 1:4 ( || ) נוּגוֹתv 21 Ez 21:11 ( ×2 ) ; of Jerus.
La 1:8 ; mostly abs. but sq. ַל־ עEz 9:4 ( || ) נֶ ֱאנָקsq. אֶל־ & עַל־21:12 . 2. in
physical distress La 1:11 ( || ֵשׁ ;) ֶלחֶם ִבּקּEx 2:23 sq. מִןby reason of ( || ) זָעַק3.
groan of cattle ( ָה ) ְבּ ֵהמJo 1:18 .
† ֲאנָחָה S 585
TWOT 127a
GK 635
n. f. sighing, groaning (poet. & late);— abs.
ψ 31:11 + ; sf. אַנְ ָחתִי Jb 3:24 + ; ה
ֿ אַנְ ָח ָתIs 21:2 ( sf. with Raphe). Pl. sf.
אַנְחֹ ַתי La 1:22 ;— sighing, groaning , in distress, physical or mental Jb 3:24 ( ||
) ְשׁאָגָה 23:2 ( || ח
ַ ) ִשׂי, ψ 6:7 ; 38:10 ( || ) ַתּ ֲאוָה, Is 21:2 , La 1:22 ; || יָגוֹןψ
31:11 ; Is 35:10 ; 51:11 Je 45:3 ; א׳ קוֹל ψ 102:6 .
ֲאנַחְנוּ S 587
TWOT 128
GK 636
pron. 1 pl. we v. infr.
† ֲאנָֽ ֲח ָר֑ת n.pr.loc. city in Naphtali Jos 19:19 . Kn ( cf. Di ) comp. en-Na‛ûra
BR iii. 339
, on E. side of Jebel Daḥi , little Hermon; cf. Rob .
ֲאנִיS 589
TWOT 129
GK 638
, ֑אָנִיpron. 1 s. comm. I ( , ֲאנָא, , ) Gn 6:17 ; 9:9 ,
12 + often Following a ptcp. as its subj. (to express mostly either a true present or the
fut. instans) Gn 18:17 אנִי ֲ ַה ְמ ַכסֶּהAm I hiding from Abraham that which, etc., Ju 15:3
1 S 3:13 Je 1:12 ; 38:14 ; 44:29 ( v. Dr § 135, 4 ). Appended to a verb, it expresses, in
early Hebrew, a real emphasis, as Ju 8:23 ֶם לֹא ֶאמְשֹׁל ֲאנִי ָבּכI will not rule over
you, 2 S 12:28 lest I take the city, 2 S 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and
֑ יַָע ְצתִּיdid I counsel; but in later Heb. it is sometimes pleonastic, Ec
thus and thus אָנִי
֑ alone = I am, It is I , Gn 27:24 Ju
2:11–15 , 18–20 + . In response to a question, אָנִי
13:11 1 K 18:8 + . With ה
ֲ , † ַה ֲאנִיIs 66:9 . (Syn. אָנֹכִי, q.v. )
† אֲנוּS 580
TWOT 128
GK 630
pron. 1 pl. comm. we ( common in postB Heb. ;
cf. also Amh. ) pl. of אנִי
ֲ (W SG 98
), only Je 42:6 Kt . ( ְנוּ
ֲאנַחQr ).
ֲאנַ֫חְנוּS 587
TWOT 128
GK 636
, ֲאנָ֑חְנוּpron. 1 pl. comm. we ( the pl.
corresp. to ִי
אָנֹכ, as אֲנוּto ; ֲאנִיv. W SG p. 100
; Ph. אנחן, Aramaic ֲאנַ ְחנָא, also
נַ ְחנָא, Syriac , Arabic , Ethiopic ) Gn 13:8 ; 29:4 ; 37:7 ; 42:11 , 13 Nu 9:7 Dt 1:28
, 41 Jo 2:17 , 18 , etc. Like אנִי ֲ , following a ptcp. as its subj. Gn 19:13 Nu 10:29
Ju 19:18 2 K 18:26 ; appended to a vb. for emph. Ju 9:28 2 K 10:4 Is 20:6 .
† ֫נַחְנוּ S 5168
TWOT 128a
GK 5721
, ח֑נוּ
ְ ָ נpron. 1 pl. we ( abbrev. from ; ֲאנַחְנוּ
cf. the forms , חנָא
ְ ַ נ, just cited; also Assyrian nîni ) Gn 42:11 Ex 16:7 , 8 Nu
32:32 La 3:42 . (In 2 S 17:12 נַ ְחנוּis 1 pl. perf. Qal from ח
ַ נוּ.)
† ך
ְ ָ ֲאנS 594 TWOT 129 , 129a GK 643 n. [ m. ] plummet ( cf. words in cogn.
lang. for lead, tin , etym. dub. , perhaps foreign; Arabic ( v. Frä 153 ) Syriac Mand.
אנכא, Assyrian anâku Lyon Sargontexte 92 ; v. Lag Arm. Stud. § 103 cf. Id. BN 175 ) —
אָֽנֹכִי S 595
TWOT 130
GK 644
pron. 1 sg. v. supr. sub אנִי
ֲ.
†[ אָנַןS 596
TWOT 131
GK 645
] vb. only Hithpo. complain, murmur ( Mish.
אנן, Aramaic ֲאנַן, Arabic , Syriac ; cf. Assyrian enênu, unnînu, sigh Zim BP 22 ) —
Impf. ְאוֹנֵן
יִתLa 3:39 ( sq. עַל־in || member); Pt. בְּאָזְנֵי י׳ ִמתְאֹנְנִיםNu 11:1 ( sq.
acc. ; vid. Di ).
†[ אָנַסS 597
TWOT 132
GK 646
] vb. compel, contrain ( late, often Mish. id. ,
Aramaic אנַס
ֲ , ) — Qal Pt. אֵין אֹנֵסviz., to drink Est 1:8 ( || ִישׁ
אִישׁ וָא ) ִכּרְצוֹן.
†[ אָנֵףS 599
TWOT 133
GK 647
, אָנַףS 599
TWOT 133
GK 647
] vb. denom.
from אַףbe angry ( MI id. , cf. Arabic , Assyrian etc. in deriv. ) — Qal Pf. אָנַ ְפ ָתּ ψ
60:3 , etc.; Impf. אנַף
ֱ ֶ יψ 2:12 , etc.;— be angry , of ; י׳usually sq. ְבּ1 K 8:46 = 2
Ch 6:36 Is 12:1 ψ 85:6 Ezr 9:14 ; abs. ψ 60:3 ; 79:5 ; cf. also ψ 2:12 . Hithp. id.
always sq. בּ ְ , & awl. of י׳, Pf. ִהתְאַנַּףDt 1:37 ; 4:21 ; 9:20 ; Impf. וַיִּתְאַנַּףDt 9:8
1 K 11:9 2 K 17:18 .
† אַ ַפּיִם S 649
GK 691
n.pr. m. a son of Nadab, 1 Ch 2:30 , 31 .
† ֲאנָפָה S 601
TWOT 133a , 133b
GK 649
n. f. an unclean bird ( cf. Assyrian
anpatu Dl HA 33
; meaning quite dub. ; on conjectures v. Di Lv 11:19 ) Lv
11:19 Dt 14:18 .
†[ אָנַקS 602
TWOT 134
GK 650
] vb. cry, groan ( Aramaic אנַק
ֲ , ) — Qal Impf.
יֶאֱנֹק Je 51:52 ; Inf. cstr. אֱנֹק Ez 26:15 , both of groaning of wounded ( ָל
) ָחל.
Niph. id. , in mourning, lamentation; Inf. cstr. הֵאָנֵק Ez 24:17 ( || ֶל
ֵאב ָשׂה
ָ ;) ע Pt.
נֶ ֱאנָקִים 9:4 ( || ִים
) נֶ ֱאנָחsq. עַל.
† I. ָה
ֲאנָקS 603 , 604
TWOT 134a , 134b
GK 651 , 652
n. f. crying, groaning , in
distress ( Aramaic ) Mal 2:13 ( || ָה
ִדּ ְמע, ;) ְבּכִיcstr. ֶאנְקַת ψ 12:6 (of poor, ביוֹן
ְ ֶא
) 79:11 (of prisoner ִיר
) אָס, so 102:21 .
† I. [ אָנַשׁS 605
TWOT 135
GK 631 , 653
] vb. be weak, sick ( Assyrian anâšu Zim
BP 56, 70
; Wetzst in De Psalmen, ed. 4, 882
der. from II. אנשׁper antiphrasin; Dl Pr 160
II.אנשׁ TWOT 136 , 137 ( cf. Arabic be inclined to, friendly, social , which however
Nö ZMG 1886, 739 thinks denom., cf. coll. men, people; v. on the other hand Wetzst l.c.
Zim BP 20 , v. also Lag BN 68 ;—hence ָשׁים ִ ֲאנpl. of ; אִישׁv. also sub ) אישׁ.
ִשּׁה
ָא S 802
TWOT 137a
GK 851
775 n. f. woman, wife, female ( Arabic , Sab.
אנתֿתetc. DHM , Aramaic ָא
ZK 1884, 360
ִא ְתּת, ִאנְ ְתּתָא, ִאתָּא, , Palm. Nab.
אנתתא, Ethiopic Ph. אשת, Assyrian aššatu COT Gloss ) — א׳abs. Gn 2:23 + ;
cstr. ֵשׁת
ֶ אGn 11:29 + (appar. abs. Dt 21:11 1 S 28:7 ψ 58:9 but cf. Bö § 728
Ges § 130.5 ); sf. ִי
ִשׁתּ
ְ אGn 20:11 + ; ִשׁ ְתּ ָך
ְ אGn 12:18 + ( ֶשׁ ְתּ ָך ְ אψ 128:3 ), etc.;
Pl. † אִשֹּׁתEz 23:44 ( Co ָשׁים ;) לעשּׂות ִ נGn 4:19 + ; cstr. ְשׁי
ֵ נGn 4:23 + ;
sf. ָשׁי
ַ נGn 30:26 1 K 20:7 ; ְשׁיכֶם
ֵ נEx 22:23 + , etc.;— 1. woman Gn 3:1 , 2 ;
12:11 + ; opp. man 2:22 , 23 Ex 35:29 ; 36:6 Dt 17:2 , 5 ; 22:22 1 S 21:5 + ;
א׳emphat. a genuine (or ideal) woman Ec 7:28 ( || ;) אדםsim. of men as feeble,
timid Je 50:37 ; 51:30 ; note especially ָשׁיםִ ַחטַּף ַבּנּthe children among the women,
female children Nu 31:18 ( P ); as conceiving Ex 2:2 Lv 12:2 2 S 11:5 + ;
travailing Je 13:21 ; bearing children Ju 13:24 1 K 3:18 ; cf. Jb 14:1 ; 15:14 ;
25:4 + , etc.; suckling Is 49:15 ; ָשׁים
ִ אֹרַח ַכּנּGn 18:11 ; ָשׁים ִ ֶדּ ֶר ְך נ31:35 ; with
adj. , or app., ֶת
א׳מֵינֶקnursing woman, nurse Ex 2:7 ; זוֹנָה א׳harlot Jos 2:1 ; 6:22
Ju 11:1 ; 16:1 1 K 3:16 Pr 6:26 Je 3:3 Ez 16:30 ; 23:44 ; so ָה א׳ זָרPr 2:16 ;
7:5 ; cf. also Ez 23:44 supr. ; ֶת א׳ ְמנָאָ֑פadulteress Pr 30:20 ( cf. ֵשׁת אִישׁ ֶא
6:26 ), ֵשׁת זִנוּנִים ֶ אHo 1:2 ; ָשׁים נָ ְכרִיּוֹת
ִ נforeign women 1 K 11:1 , 8 Ezr 10:2 ,
10 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 44 Ne 13:26 , 27 ( cf. v 23 ); ָת א׳ ֲת ָכמwise woman ,
one known as clever, shrewd 2 S 14:2 ; 20:16 , etc.; also לגֶשׁ ֶ א׳ פּיconcubine Ju
19:1 , 27 : מנָה ָ א׳ אַ ְלwidow 2 S 14:5 1 K 11:26 ; 17:9 , 10 ; א׳ נְבִיאָהprophetess
Ju 4:4 ; also cstr. bef. noun of quality ר֑ע ָ ֵשׁת
ֶ אPr 6:24 ; א׳ ְכּסִילוּת9:13 ; א׳ חֵן
11:16 ; חיִלַ א׳12:4 ; 31:10 Ru 3:11 ; א׳ ִמ ְדיָנִיםPr 21:9 ; 25:24 ; 27:15 ; א׳ ם׳
וָָכ֑עַס21:19 .
2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf. ) Gn 2:24 , 25 ; 3:8 ,
17 ; 4:1 , 17 + often; of one betrothed ( ) ארשׂDt 20:7 ; 28:30 ; ִשּׁה
ָ ַבּעַל ( ָה)אEx
21:3 , 22 ; ִשּׁה
ָ ָהא אִישׁ Ju 20:4 ; ִשּׁה
ָ ְלאto wife Gn 12:19 ; 16:3 ; 34:21 + often
(after ַח ָלק, נָתַןhusband or father subj.); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subj.) Gn
20:12 Nu 36:3 , 6 ( ×2 ) , 11 , 12 Dt 22:19 , 29 + ; for unfaithful wife cf. 1 ; cstr.
ָ ֵ֑שׁת חֵי ֶק
in phr. ך ֶ אDt 13:7 cf. 28:54 ; א׳ נְעוּרֶי ָךPr 5:18 Mal 2:14 , 15 ; א׳
ְבּרִי ֶת֑ ָך v 14 ; אָב ֵשׁת
ֶא = step-mother Lv 18:8 , 11 ; 20:11 .
( ×2 )
3. Female of animals Gn 7:2 ; v. also sub 4 .
† 4. With distrib. & recipr. sense, ֵת רְעוּתָהּ א׳ ֵמאeach woman from her
neighbour Ex 11:2 ( E ); cf. Ru 1:8 , 9 Je 9:19 ; each one , of birds of prey Is
34:15 cf. v 16 ( del. Bi Che ); of cows ( fig. of heartless women of Isr.) Am
4:3 ; of sheep ( fig. of Isr.) Zc 11:9 ; & of inanimate things ( P , & late) ֶל
א׳ א
אֲחֹתָהּ Ex 26:3 ( ×2 )
, 5 , 6 , 17 ( P ) Ez 1:9 ( del. Co ) v 23 ; 3:13 .
( אנתthe root of the pron. 2 pers. in Shemitic: , anta; f. , antī ; Biblical Aramaic
Kt ָה ( אַנְתּm. ), ( אַ ְתּ & אַנְ ְתּboth m. & f. ); Syriac , f. , the n being written but not
pronounced; Assyrian atta , f. atti-e Dl § 55 a , the nt being merged in the double t;
Heb. similarly. Pl. , f. , Aramaic אַנְתּוּן, , f. ִין אַתּ, , Assyrian attunu ) .
אַ ָתּ֫ה S 859
TWOT 189
GK 905 , 911
( ֑אָתּso regularly; but 26–7 times, with
, ָה
֑אַתּ: v. Fr
different disj. accents, ָה MM 228
; Sta § 178 a (read 8 for 18)
pron. 2 s. m. thou
( for anta , v. supr. ; cf. תּ
ָ נָ ַתfor ) נָ ַתנְ ָתּGn 3:11 , 19 + often. Written † אַ ָתּ1 S
24:18 ψ 6:4 Jb 1:10 Ec 7:22 Ne 9:6 . Appended to a vb. for emph., Ex 18:19 (
×2 )
1 S 17:56 ָה
ְשׁאַל אַתּinquire thou , 20:8 ; 22:18 Is 43:26 ַספֵּר אַתָּה. Added
for the purpose of strengthening a gen. or accus. sf. 1 K 21:19 Pr 22:19 ( Ges §
135.2
).
אתי, i.e. אַתִּי, the older & more original form of אַ ְתּthou ( fem. ), preserved, prob.
dialectically, 7 times in Kt , Ju 17:2 1 K 14:2 2 K 4:16 , 23 ; 8:1 Je 4:30 Ez
36:13 . ( V. supr. As in Syriac, the יmay not have been fully sounded: the
Massorites direct תּ
ְ אַto be everywhere read. )
אַ ְתּ S 859
TWOT 189
GK 905
ְ ֑אָpron. 2 s. f. thou ( fem. ) ( shortened from אַתִּי
,תּ
( q.v. ); in Syriac the two genders are written differently, , but, the not being sounded,
are pronounced alike: in both are written תּ
ְ אַor ) אַנְ ְתּGn 12:11 , 13 ; 24:23 +
often. Thrice Nu 11:15 Dt 5:24 Ez 28:14 used as a masc. (as in Aramaic of );
but prob. תּ
ָ ( אַv. sub ) אַתָּהshould be here read.
אַ ֶתּם S 859
TWOT 189 , 189b
GK 917
pron. 2 m. pl. you (masc.) ( for antem , v.
supr. ) Gn 9:7 ; 26:27 ; 29:4 + often. With ה
ֲ , † הָאַתֶּםJu 6:31 ; following the
vb. for emph. Ju 15:12 Je 34:15 ; construed inaccurately with a fem. Ez 13:20 .
† אַתֵּן S 859
TWOT 189
GK 920
) אַתּ, אַ ֵתּ֫נָהGn 31:6 Ez
Ez 34:31 (many edd. ֶן
13:11 , 20 (edd. תּ֫נָּה
ֵ ) אַ34:17 pron. 2 f. pl. you ( fem. )
אסםTWOT 139
( gather, store , Aramaic ) .
† [ ָם
אָסS 618
TWOT 139a
GK 662
] n. m. Pr 3:10 storehouse ( Aramaic אסנא,
id. , store, supply ) pl. sf. ֲא ָסמֶי ָך Dt 28:8 Pr 3:10 .
† ֽאָ ְסנַת
S 621 GK 664 n.pr. f. wife of Joseph ( Ασεννεθ , L
Speaker’s Comm.
Ασσενεθ ; Egyptian, = belonging to (goddess) Neith ( Thes ); Cook
i.479
proposes either As-Neit, favourite of Neith , or < Isis-Neit ) Gn 41:45 , 50 ;
46:20 .
אָסַףS 622
TWOT 140
GK 665
200 vb. gather, remove ( Assyrian esêpu , Dl
Pr 45
)
— Qal Pf. אָסַף Gn 30:23 + ; תּ
ָ אָ ַס ְפψ 85:4 , etc.; Impf.
יֶאֱסֹף2 K 5:3 ; יַאַ ְס ֵפנִיψ
27:10 , etc.; also ֶף וַיֹּס2 S 6:1 ; 2 ms. תֹּסֵףψ 104:29 ; 1 s. אֹ ְספָהMi 4:6 ; so
prob. ( sf. ) ךָ אֹסִֽ ְפ1 S 15:6 (read ) אֹ ִס ְפ ָךv. Kö i 382 Dr Sm ; Imv. אֱסֹףNu
21:16 + ָה ֶא ְספNu 11:16 ; 2 fs. ִא ְספִּיJe 10:17 ; ִאסְפוּψ 50:5 + ; Inf. abs. אָסֹף
Je 8:13 + (Hiph., from סוףaccording to Ba NB 73 ); cstr. ֱסֹף א2 K 5:7 + ; אָ ְס ְפּ ָךEx
23:16 ; ֶם אָ ְס ְפּכLv 23:39 ; Pt. act. אֹסֵףNu 19:10 ; אֹ ִס ְפ ָך2 K 22:20 2 Ch 34:28
(pointed ךָ אֹסִֽ ְפi.e. Hiph.; cf. Kö l.c. ); אֹ ְספָםψ 39:7 ; pass. pl. cstr. ֲא ֻספֵיEz
34:29 ;— 1. gather, collect ( a ) persons Gn 29:22 ; 42:17 ( sq. ) אֶל־Ex 3:16 ; 4:29
Nu 11:16 , 24 ; 21:16 Jos 2:18 ( sq. אֶל־+ ־ה loc. ) 24:1 ( sq. ־הloc. ; all these
JE); 1 S 5:8 , 11 2 K 23:1 ( sq. ) אֶל־ Jo 2:16 Is 11:12 Zp 3:8 Hb 2:5 Ez 11:17
(all || ) קבץ+ ; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Nu 21:23 ( E ) Ju 11:20 1
S 17:1 2 S 10:17 ; 12:29 + ; cf. Zc 14:2 ( sq. ֶל־ אagainst ); ( b ) once obj. beasts
Je 12:9 ; ( c ) things, especially fruits of earth Ex 23:10 , 16 (Cov’t code) Lv 23:39 ;
25:3 , 20 ( H ) Dt 11:14 ; 16:13 ; 28:38 Is 17:5 Je 40:10 , 12 Jb 39:12 ψ 39:7 ; cf.
Ru 2:7 ( || לקטglean ); the quails Nu 11:32 ( ×2 ) ; food in gen. ( ָל ) ַמ ֲאכGn 6:21 ( sq.
;) אֶל־eggs Is 10:14 ; money 2 K 22:4 2 Ch 24:11 ; ashes of red heifer Nu 19:9 , 10 ;
chariots 1 K 10:26 2 Ch 1:14 , etc.; of fisherman ( ְתּוֹ
ְבּ ִמ ְכ ַמר, in metaph. ) Hb 1:15 ;
of collecting wind Pr 30:4 א׳־רוּ ַח ְבּ ָח ְפנָיו מִי. 2. gather an individual into company of
others: ( a ) obj. pers. especially gather to one’s fathers 2 K 22:20 ( ך ָ = ) עַל־אֲבֹתֶי
2 Ch 34:28 ( ֶל־
; אboth || Niph. of same vb. q.v. ); hence also ( b ) bring , obj. pers.
1 S 14:52 (on form here v. Dr ) 2 S 11:27 (both sq. ) אֶל־, association, responsibility,
protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Dt 22:2 ( sq. ך ְ ;) אֶל־תּוֹhence also (
c ) take up, care for , subj. י׳ψ 27:10 ( cf. perhaps Is 40:11 ( ;) קבץd ) draw up the
feet upon the bed ( ֶל־ ) אGn 49:33 . 3. bring up the rear of Is 58:8 כְּבוֹד י׳ יַאַ ְס ֶ ֑פ ָךi.e.
be thy rear-guard ( || ך ָ ֑ —) ָה ַל ְך ְל ָפנֶי ָך ִצ ְד ֶק52:12 has Pi. ְמ ְא ִסּ ְפכֶםq.v. † 4. gather
and take away, remove, withdraw 1 S 14:19 ( obj. hand), Je 10:17 (bundle, sq. ִן ) מ,
leper 2 K 5:11 ( v. ;) צרעcf. also ַת א׳ ִמ ָצּ ַרע, remove (set free) a man from leprosy v
3 , 6 , 7 ; Gn 30:23 Is 4:1 (reproach), ψ 85:4 (wrath, || ֵשׁיב ִ ) ה, Je 16:5 (peace, sq.
) מִן, Jo 2:10 ; 4:15 (light), ψ 26:9 ( ) נֶפֶשׁso Ju 18:25 ; ψ 104:29 ( ) רוּ ַחv. also Jb
34:14 ( sq. ֶל־ ;) אhence destroy 1 S 15:6 ( obj. pers. ); pass. ֲא ֻספֵי ָרעָבdestroyed
with hunger Ez 34:29 ; also Inf. abs. Je 8:13 Zp 1:2 (joined with ִיף ֵהסfrom סוף,
v. Kö i 445
; considered Hiph. Inf. abs. by Ba NB 73
v. supr. ) Niph. Pf. ַף נֶ ֱאסNu
27:13 + ָה נֶ ֶא ְספJe 48:33 etc.; Impf. יֵאָסֵףEx 9:19 + ; וַיֵּאָ֫סֶףGn 25:8 + ; יֵאָסֵכּ֑וּןψ
104:22 etc.; Imv. ֵף הֵאָסDt 32:50 ; ֵה ֽאָ ְספִיJe 47:6 ; ֵה ֽאָסְפוּGn 49:1 + ; Inf. abs.
הֵאָסֹף2 S 17:11 (on form cf. Ba NB 74 ); cstr. הֵאָסֵףGn 29:7 Nu 12:15 ; Pt.
נֶ ֱאסָףGn 49:29 ; נֶ ֱא ָספִים1 S 13:11 Is 13:4 ; נֶ ֱא ָספִיםIs 57:1 ;— 1. assemble, be
gathered , reflex. ( a ) subj. men Gn 49:1 ( || קבץv 2 ), Is 43:9 ( || ) קבץ, 2 Ch
30:3 ( sq. ל ְ ) v 13 ( sq. acc. loc. ), Ezr 3:1 ; 9:4 Ne 8:1 , 13 (all sq. ) אֶל־9:1 ;
12:28 ; earlier mostly of assembling for war Gn 34:30 ( sq. ַל־ ) ע, Jos 10:5 Ju 6:33 ;
9:6 ; 10:17 ( || ) נצעק, 20:11 ( sq. ֶל־ ) אv 14 ( sq. ־הloc. ), 1 S 13:11 ( sq. acc.
reflex. reflexive.
loc. ) + ; ( b ) subj. flocks, etc. Gn 29:3 ( pass. ; sq. ָה
) ָשׁמּv 7 , 8 (all J ); fish Nu
11:22 ( cf. Hb 1:16 Qal); ( c ) inanim. subj. herbs Pr 27:25 ; water 2 S 14:14 (in sim.
); bones for burial Je 8:2 cf. 25:33 (bodies of slain) v. also Ez 29:5 ( || קבץwhich
Co reads ) קבר, appar. = compose, arrange for burial so ֵף
יֵאָסJb 27:19 ; but read
prob. ִף
= יאס ( יוֹסִףEx 5:7 ), S Ew De Di Du . 2. pass. of Qal 2 ; ( a ) be
gathered to one’s fathers ָיו
נֶא׳ אֶל־אֲבוֹהJu 2:10 ; elsewhere to one’s people אֶל־ ַעמָּיו
(all P ) Gn 25:8 , 17 ; 35:29 ( || ָת ) וַיְִּגוַע וַיָּמ49:29 , 33 ( || ) גוע, Nu 20:24 , 26 ( ||
) מות27:13 ; 31:2 Dt 32:50 ( ×2 )
(both || ;) מותalso ך ָ אֶל־ ִקבְרֹתֶי2 K 22:20 = 2
Ch 34:28 (both || Qal q.v. ); abs. Nu 27:13 ; ( b ) be brought in (into association with
others, etc.) Nu 12:14 , 15 ( E ) of Miriam, after leprosy; also refl. betake oneself , of
Moses 11:30 ( E ), cf. 2 S 17:13 (both sq. ֶל־ ;) אeven with inanim. subj. Je 47:6
( אֶל־ ַתּ ְע ֵר ְך ֵה ֽאָ ְספִיaddressed to sword); of man & beast brought home ( sq. ־ה loc. ) for
protection Ex 9:19 .
† ֫
אֹסֶף S 625
TWOT 140a
GK 668
n. m. Is 32:10 gathering ( on formation cf.
Ba NB 109
) of summer fruit אָ ְספֵּי־ ַקיִץ Mi 7:1 ; cf. abs. אֹסָף Is 32:10 ; א׳
ֶה ָחסִילgathering of the locust , i.e. as the locust devours, destroys Is 33:4 .
אָסָף S 623
GK 666
n.pr. m. ( gatherer , cf. Ph. n.pr. f. ) אספת † 1. father of
יוֹאָחthe recorder 2 K 18:18 , 37 = Is 36:3 , 22 . 2. one of David’s chief
musicians, a Levite, son of Berechiah 1 Ch 6:24 ( ×2 )
( || ָן
הֵימv 18 , אֵיתָןv 29
vid. these names); 15:17 ( || Heman & Ethan, all called) ִים ַהמְשֹׁ ֲררv 19 , v.
( ×2 )
also 16:5 , 7 cf. v 37 ( || Heman & Jeduthun v 41 , 42 ); 25:9 , named
with Heman & Jeduthun also 25:6 2 Ch 5:12 ; 35:15 ; ψ 50 . 73–83 are ascribed
to Asaph; cf. also ָף בִּימֵי ָדוִיד וְאָסNe 12:46 ; he is called also הַחֹזֶה2 Ch 29:30 ,
cf. אָסָף ַהנִּבָּא עַל־יְדֵי ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך1 Ch 25:2 ; repeated mention is made also of sons of
Asaph ָף ְבּנֵי־אָס, sons, descendants, and pupils, or those who sang and played after
his manner 1 Ch 25:1 ( || Heman & Jeduthun) v 2 ( ×2 ) ; called ִים ַהמְשֹׁ ֲרר2 Ch
35:15 Ezr 2:41 Ne 7:44 ; 11:22 , cf. Ezr 3:10 ; performing service of purification,
Hezekiah’s time 2 Ch 29:13 , one of them prophesying 2 Ch 20:14 ;— 1 Ch 26:1 f
or ָף
ְבּנֵי אָסread ְבּנֵי ֶא ְביָסָף, cf. 9:19 ; on זִ ְכרִי9:15 , זַ ְבדִּיNe 11:17 , זַכּוּר
12:35 , called ָף
בֶּן־אָס, v. these names. † 3. keeper of king’s park Ne 2:8 .
† אָסִיף S 614
TWOT 140b
GK 658
n. [ m. ] ingathering, harvest ( on formation
cf. Lag BN 173
Ba NB 136
) ַחג הָאָסִיף Ex 34:22 ( J ); ִף
הָאָס ח׳ Ex 23:16 ( E )—
both Cov’t codes.
† [ אָסֹףS 624
TWOT 140c
GK 667
] n. [ m. ] what is gathered, store , hence
בֵּית ָה ֲא ֻספִּיםstore-house , near south gate of temple 1 Ch 26:15 ( cf. 2 Ch 25:24 );
v 17 ָא׳ הalone in same sense; cf. ַשּׁ ָערִים
ְ ֲא ֻספֵּי ה Ne 12:25 .
† [ ָה
ֲא ֻספּS 627
TWOT 140e
GK 670
] n. f. collection ( cf. Ph. אספתassembly
) only ַבּ ֲעלֵי ֲאסֻפּוֹת
Ec 12:11 ( ִים
) ִדּ ְברֵי ֲח ָכמcompared to driven nails; members
of learned assemblies Thes MV al. ; so postB Heb. NHWB i. 127 ; but Hitz-
Now al. refer to the wise utterances, called lords (possessors) of collection because
of their well-connected grouping.
† [ ֻף
ֲא ַס ְפסS 628
TWOT 140f
GK 671
] n. [ m. ] collection, rabble , only
הָא ַס ְפסֻף Nu 11:4 of the camp-followers attending Hebrews at the Exodus.
† אַ ְס ָפּ֑תָא S 630
GK 672
n.pr. m. 3rd son of Haman Est 9:7 ( Pers. aspadâta ,
ab equo sacre datus according to Thes Add 71 , after Pott & Benefy ) .
†[ אָסַרS 631
TWOT 141
GK 673
] vb. tie, bind imprison ( Arabic , Assyrian
asâru , cf. COT Gloss
, Aramaic ַר
ֲאס, , Ethiopic ) — Qal Pf. sf. ֲא ָסרָם Jb 36:13 ; 3
fs. ֽאָ ְסרָה Nu 30:5 + , etc.; Impf. יֶאְסֹר 1 K 20:14 ; ֱסֹר
וַיֶּאGn 42:24 ; וַיֶּאְסֹרGn
46:29 + ; pl. sf. יַאַ ְס ֻרנִי Ju 16:7 etc.; Imv. אֱסֹר1 K 18:44 2 K 9:21 ; ִאסְרוּJe
46:4 ψ 118:27 ; Inf. abs. אָסֹרJu 15:13 ; אָסוֹר16:11 ; cstr. ֶלאְסֹרNu 30:3 + ;
ֶלאֱסוֹרJu 15:10 ; ֶל ֱא ָס ְר ָך15:12 ; אָ ֳסּרָםHo 10:10 ; Pt. act. cstr. אֹ ְסרִיGn 49:11 ;
pass. אָסוּרGn 40:3 + ; pl. ִים אֲסוּר39:20 + ; also Ju 16:21 , 25 Qr ( Kt אסירים
); ִים הָסוּרEc 4:14 ( cf. Now ); ֲאסֻרוֹת2 S 3:34 ; cstr. אסוריGn 39:20 Kt ( Qr
—;) ֲאסִירֵי1. tie, bind , for security, foal to vine ( sq. ) לGn 49:11 (blessing of Jacob);
horses and asses 2 K 7:10 ( ×2 ) ; ψ 118:27 is dub. De bind the festal victim with
cords; Che bind the procession with branches , etc. 2. tie, harness , kine to ( ) בcart 1 S
6:7 , 10 ; so ( metaph. ) Ho 10:10 harness them to ( ) לtheir two iniquities (but Jer
Ew Now make א׳here = יסרchastise , cf. ֵם ֶא ֳסּרv a); also sq. acc. chariot Gn
46:29 ( J ) Ex 14:6 ( E ) 2 K 9:21 ; abs. 1 K 18:44 2 K 9:21 ; even of making ready
chargers ִים א׳ הַסּוּסJe 46:4 ( || ָשׁים
ִ ) עֲלוּ ַה ָפּר. 3. bind , with cords, fetters, etc., as
prisoner, Simeon Gn 42:24 ( E ), Samson Ju 15:10 , 12 , 13 ( ×3 ) ; 16:5 , 7 , 8 , 11 (
×2 )
, 12 ; תּיִם
ַ ֻשׁ
ְ א׳ ַבּנְח2 K 25:7 = 2 Ch 36:6 = Je 39:7 ; 52:11 ; also 2 Ch 33:11 ;
cf. (without ַן׳
) בּ2 K 17:4 ( ) ָעצַר || א׳ בֵּית ֶכּלֶא, 23:33 ; cf. of divine chastisement
Jb 36:13 & v. also Ez 3:25 ψ 149:8 ; fig. of absolute authority ψ 105:22 ; especially
Pt. pass. 2 S 3:34 thy hands were not bound ( || and thy feet not put in fetters ); א׳
ָבּ ֿאזִקִּיםJe 40:1 cf. ִים א׳ ַבּזִּקּJb 36:8 (prob. fig. || ;) ַח ְבלֵי־עֹ֑נִיmetaph. of king
held captive by a woman’s tresses Ct 7:6 ; perhaps = imprisoned (whether bound or
not) Gn 39:20 ; 40:3 , 5 (all JE); as subst. pl. prisoners Gn 39:20 ( Kt , v. supr. );
so (late) as distressed, & obj. of divine compassion Is 49:9 ; 61:1 ψ 146:7 ; ֵית בּ
֯
האסירים prison Ju 16:21 , 25 ; cf. Ec 4:14 . 4. gird (rare & late) ֶם א׳ אֵזוֹר ְבּ ָמ ְתנֵיה
Jb 12:18 ( ֵזוֹר = אslaves’ waistcloth, RS p. 25 supr. ; Hoffm reads וַיָּסַרfor וַיֶּאְסֹר
); תנָיו
ְ ַחרְבּוֹ אֲסוּרִים עַל־ ָמNe 4:12 . 5. sq. ִמ ְל ָחמָהbegin the battle, make the attack (
cf. Germ. mit jemandem anbinden ) 1 K 20:14 2 Ch 13:3 . 6. fig. of obligation of oath
or vow (only Nu 30 , P ) ֶשׁ
א׳ עַל־נֶפ, usually sq. acc. cogn. ֱאסָר, ִאסָּרNu 30:3 , 5
( ×2 )
, 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 ; without ָר
ֱאסetc., v 7 , 10 ; cf. v 4
עַל־נֶפֶשׁ ( א׳ ִאסָּר
om.) Niph. pass. of Qal 3 , be bound, imprisoned, Impf. ( juss. ) ֵר
יֵאָסGn 42:19 ( E );
2 ms. ֵר ֵתּאָסJu 16:6 , 10 , 13 (of Samson); Imv. ֵה ֽאָסְרוּGn 42:16 ( E ). Pu. Pf. be
ֻאסּIs 22:3 ; ֻא ָסּ֑רוּib.
taken prisoner ְרוּ
† אֵסוּר S 612
TWOT 141a
GK 657
n. m. Ju 15:14 band, bond ( Aramaic ֱסוּר
א
, ; on the form v. Ges ) אֲסוּרָיו, of Samson Ju 15:14 ; אֲסוּרִים
§ 84 a 12. R.
Ec 7:26
of hands of evil woman; ֵסוּר
= בֵּית ָהאprison Je 37:15 .
† אָסִיר S 615
TWOT 141b
GK 659
n. m. Gn 39:20 bondman, prisoner ( Arabic
, Aramaic , MI א׳ — ) אסרabs. ψ 79:11 ; 102:21 ; pl. ֲאסִירִםGn 39:22 = , cf.
Ju 16:21 , 25 Kt ; cstr. ֵי
ֲאסִירψ 107:10 + , Gn 39:20 Qr ; ֲאסִירָיוψ 69:34 + ,
etc.;— prisoner Gn 39:20 , 22 ( J ), elsewhere only poetic; Is 14:17 ; as having rest
in grave from task-master Jb 3:18 ; especially as obj. of divine compassion ψ 68:7
( || ִיד
) יָח, 69:34 ( || ֶאנְקַת א׳ ;) ֶאבְיוֹן79:11 ; 102:21 (both || ) ְבּנֵי תְמוּתָה, 107:10
חֹשׁ ְך וְ ַצ ְל ָ ֑מוֶת || ( א׳ ֳענִי וּ ַב ְרזֶל
ֶ ישׁבֵי
ְ ); א׳ אָ֑רֶץLa 3:34 ; specif. of liberated
cf.
exiles of Isr. Zc 9:11 , called captives of hope קוָה
ְ א׳ ַה ִתּv 12 .
I. † ִיר אַסּS 616 , 617 TWOT 141c GK 660 , 661 n.pr. m. son of Korah Ex 6:24 1
Ch 6:7 ; called son of Ebiasaph v 8 , 22 .
† ִאסָּר S 632
TWOT 141d
GK 674
n. m. Nu 30:8 bond, binding obligation ( cf.
Biblical Aramaic ָר
ֱאב, Syriac ; so forms with suff. infr. v. Ba NB 62
cf. Sta §
208a
; but perhaps Aramaic loanword v. Lag BN 175
) — א׳ abs. Nu 30:3 + ; cstr.
ִאסַּר v 13 ; sf. ֱא ָסרָהּ v 5 ; pl. sf. ֱא ָסרֶי ָה v 6 , 15 , ה
ָ ֱא ָס ֶרv 8 —only Nu
30 ( P ), binding obligation of oath or vow; mostly acc. cogn. with ַר
( אָסq.v. ); Nu
30:3 , 4 , 5 ( ×2 )
, 6 , 8 , 11 , 12 ; ְשׁהּ
ָ נַפ ִאסַּר v 13 ; ָר
אַסּ ְשׁ ֻבעַתbinding oath v
14 .
† מָסֹ֫רֶת S 4562
TWOT 141e
GK 5037
n. f. cstr. ם׳ ַה ְבּרִיתbond of the covenant
Ez 20:37 ( = ; ַמאֲסֹרֶתtext dub. cf. Lag GN 1882, 168 f. M 61
; Co reads מוסר,
i.e. ָר
מוּסv. sub ; יסרso S ) .
† [ ֵר
מוֹסS 4147
TWOT 141f
GK 4591
] n. m. Is 28:22 band, bond , poet. & late
( ; מֹאסֵרEthiopic Syriac , cf. Assyrian mêsiru , sheathing, plating , e.g. Lyon
=
) — cstr. מוֹמַרJb 12:18 (so Di Hoffm al. for ;) מוּסַרpl.
Sargontexte , p. 16, l. 65 & p. 80
מוֹסֵרוֹתJe 5:5 ; 27:2 ; cstr. מֹסְרוֹתJb 39:5 ; מוֹ ְסרֵיIs 52:2 ; sf. ֑ מוֹ ֵסרָיψ
† ָה מוֹ ֵסרS 4147 , 4149 TWOT 141f GK 4593 , 4594 n.pr.loc. station of Isr. in
wilderness, where Aaron died (this was Mt. Hor according to Nu 20:22 f. ; 33:37 f. )
Dt 10:6 ; locality unknown. Another form is
† מֹסֵרוֹת S 4149
GK 5035
n.pr.loc. id. , Nu 33:30 , 31 .
ֶא ְסתֵּר S 635 GK 676 n.pr. f. Esther ( Pers. stâra , star ) —daughter of Abihail,
cousin and adopted daughter of Mordecai, of tribe of Benjamin; made queen in
Vashti’s place by Ahasuerus; her Jewish name סּה ָ ֲה ַדq.v. Est 2:7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 15
( ×2 )
, 16 , 17 + 47 times Est.
2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with ref. to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori , the
more so ( = how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a neg.
one): † 2 S 4:10 f. when one told me, Saul is dead … I took hold of him and slew him
… ְגוּ וג׳ ְשׁעִים ָהר
ָ ָשׁים ר
ִ אַף כִּי־ ֲאנà fortiori , how much more (should I do so), when
wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ez 14:21 ( Ew Hi ) 15:5 Pr 21:27 (in
all these passages ִי = כּwhen ) Jb 4:19 . So † וְאַף1 S 23:3 2 K 5:13 … וְאַף כִּי־אָמַר
ֵאלֶי ָךand the more ( = and how much rather ), when he hath said to thee, etc. More
commonly in this sense strengthened by ִי
( כּq.v. ), v. infr.
אַף כִּי1. furthermore † Ez 23:40 Hb 2:5 ( Ges quin imo, quin etiam ). 2. in a qu. ,
indeed (is it) that …? † Gn 3:1 אַף כִּי־אָמַר אֱלֹהִיםindeed, that God has said …? i.e.
has God really said …? ( cf. ַאַף הabove). 3. with ref. to a preceding sentence (which is
often introduced by ֵן הor ) ִהנֵּהyea, that …! i.e. how much more (or less )! † Pr. 11:31
lo, the righteous is recompensed in the earth ֵא ָשׁע וְחוֹטָ אַֹ́ף כִּי רtis indeed that ( =
how much more) the wicked and the sinner! 15:11 ; 17:7 ; 19:7 , 10 Jb 9:14 ; 15:16 ;
25:6 1 S 14:30 1 K 8:27 ( = 2 Ch 6:18 ) lo, the heavens … cannot contain thee ַ֕אף
כִּי ַה ַבּיִת ַהוֶּה tis indeed that this house (cannot do so), i.e. how much less this house! 2
Ch 32:15 . So ִי
כּ וְאַף † Dt 31:27 1 S 21:6 (perhaps; v. RS Sem i.436
Dr Sm 293
) 23:3
2 S 16:11 2 K 5:13 . (In Jb 35:14 ( Hi De ) Ne 9:18 אַף כִּיis simply = yea, when
…)
אֵפוֹד S 640
TWOT 142a
GK 679
(28 times) & ֵפֹד
אS 641 , 646
TWOT 142 , 142.1a
GK 680 , 681 (20 times) n. m. Ex 28:7 ephod ( Ethiopic cf. Aramaic id. (on
meaning v. Lag l.c. ), perhaps also Assyrian pid, pittu Zim BP 39 ; on form v. Ges
§ 84 a 12. R.
but Lag l.c. comp. , & thinks ֵפוֹד
אshortened from ֵשׁב הָא׳
ֶ ‘ חrobe of
approach ’ to Good ) — א׳abs. Ex 25:7 + ; cstr. 1 S 2:18 + ;— 1. ephod ,
priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle; a. as worn by ordinary priest made of
white stuff ( ַד
) בּ1 S 22:18 ; נֹשׂא א׳
ֵ cf. 2 ; so Samuel as a temple-servant 2:8 ,
חָגוּר א׳girt with an eph. ; so David when dancing before ark 2 S 6:14 ( id. ) 1 Ch
15:27 ַל דויד א׳ ; וְעb. as prescribed in P for high priest, more costly, woven of
gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שׁשׁ ֵ ) threads, provided with shoulder-pieces &
breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold, Ex 25:7 ; 28:4 , 6 ,
12 , 15 ; 29:5 ; 35:9 , 27 ; 39:2 , 7 + 17 times Ex 28 , 39 , also Lv 8:7 ; cf.
prob. 1 S 2:28 ( נֹשׂא א׳
ֵ ) 14:3 ; 21:10 ( v. sub 2 ); ְשׁב הָא׳
ֶ חEx 28:27 , 28 ;
29:5 ; 39:20 , 21 Lv 8:7 ; ָא׳
ה ְמעִיל Ex 29:5 ; 39:22 ( cf. Lv 8:7 ); with vb. נָתַן
אֶת־הָא׳ עַל־put the ephod on Aaron Lv 8:7 . 2. ephod used in consulting י׳1 S
23:6 א׳borne in hand (read בּיָדוֹ ְ יָרַד וְהָא׳ We Dr ) v 9 ; 30:7 ( ×2 ) (all c.
) ִהגִּישׁ+ 14:18a ( & ) הגישׁv 18b , in both read הָא׳for & ארוןv 18b also
נֹשׂא
ֵ Klo Dr ; a. according to Thes MV Di Ex 28:6 al. properly sub 1 b ;
consultation of י׳in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the
ephod ( cf. Ex 28:28–30 & v. ִים ;) אוּרif so, in view of נשׂא1 S 2:28 ; 14:3 , 18
( cf. supr. ), not used elsewhere = wear except 22:18 , & of 23:6 , the word might
be used by meton. for the breast-piece itself; b. others, e.g. Sta Gesch. i. 466, 471 Bu RS
115
al. , think of an image representing ; י׳cf. following. 3. a. ephod of gold made by
Gideon Ju 8:27 f or a local sanctuary, by which Isr. was ensnared; = 2 b according
to S Thes (‘sine controversia’) Stu al. + Sta Bu l.c. ; orig. = gold sheathing
of an image ( cf. etymol. supr. & Is 30:22 sub פדָּה ֻ ;) ֲאMV Be Kö Hauptprobleme 59
think of garment, as sub 1 v. supr. b. made (material not given) for a private, local
sanctuary Ju 17:5 ; 18:14 , 17 , 18 , 20 ( || ֶל
ֶפּס, ַמ ֵסּכָה, ְתּ ָרפִיםin all, for
gives ָה ַמ ֵסּכv 20 , om. ℌ ); cf. Ho 3:4 Isr. shall abide without king, prince,
sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; according to Thes al. + Sta Bu l.c. = 2 b ;
Stu Be Ry al. regard as sub 1 ; in view of distinction from פסל, תרפים & מסכה
it seems more likely that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity,
perhaps in imitation of Urim & Thummim.
אַ ֶפּ֫דS
† [ ֶן 643
TWOT 142 , 142b
GK 683
] n. [ m. ] palace ( Syriac ; both from
Altpers. Keilschr. 128
Pers. apadâna , cf. Spiegel , but this = treasury, armoury , M.
Schultze ZMG 1885, 48 f.
) אָ ֳהלֵי אַ ַפּדְֿנוֹDn 11:45 , of the ‘king of the north,’ i.e.
Antiochus Epiphanes. Dieulafoy RÉJ xvi (1888), p. ccixxv f. makes apadâna , more precisely,
throne-room , cf. Dr Dn 11:45 .
† אָפָהS 644
TWOT 143
GK 684
vb. bake ( Assyrian epû , Zim
BP 43
Aramaic
ֲאפָא, ) — Qal Pf. א׳Gn 19:3 ; אָפִיתִיIs 44:19 ; וְאָפוּconsec. Lv 26:26 etc.; Impf.
3 fs. sf. ֵחוּ וַתֹּפ1 S 28:24 ; יֹאפוּEz 46:20 ; תֹּאפוּEx 16:23 ; Imv. אֵפוּEx 16:23
; Pt. ֶח אֹפGn 40:1 + ; אֹ ֵפהֶםHo 7:6 ; pl. אֹפִיםGn 40:16 + ; אֹפוֹת1 S 8:13 ,
etc.— bake , obj. ֶם ֶלחLv 26:26 ( H ) Is 44:15 , 19 ( cf. Je 37:21 ); מַצּוֹתGn 19:3 (
J ) 1 S 28:24 ; ֻגֹת מצות עEx 12:39 ( J ); חַלּוֹתLv 24:5 ( H ); ִמנְחָהEz 46:20 ; מָן
Ex 16:23 ( ×2 )
( P ;— c. 2nd obj. of material Ex 12:39 ֵק ָבּצ, Lv 24:5 סֹלֶת, 1 S
28:24 ַח ) ֶקמ. Pt. always as subst. baker Gn 40:1 , 2 , 5 , 16 , 17 , 20 , 22 ; 41:10
(all E ) Ho 7:4 , 6 ; Je 37:21 ָא׳ מִחוּץ הout of the bakers’ street; also 1 S 8:13 ( ||
ַטבָּחוֹת, ; ַרקָּחוֹתonly here fem. ) Nowhere as a menial office, not even 1 S 8:13 where
despotic power & growth of court emphasized. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. ֶה תֵּאָפLv 6:10 ; 7:9 ;
3 fpl. פנָה
ֶ תֵּאָLv 23:17 ;— pass. of Qal be baked, baken of ֶלחֶםLv 23:17 ; ִמנְחָה7:9
cf. 6:10 .
† [ ֶה
ַמ ֲאפS 3989
TWOT 143a
GK 4418
] n. [ m. ] thing baked , cstr. ַמ ֲאפֵה
תַנּוּר ִמנְחָה Lv 2:4 .
† אֵפוֹS 645
TWOT 144
GK 686
( Jb 17:15 ; 19:6 , 23 ; 24:25 ), elsewhere
אֵפוֹאS 645
TWOT 144
GK רִבּוֹand ) רִבּוֹא, enclitic part. then ( prob.
686
( cf.
from פּוֹ, a part. with a demonstr. force, cf. פּוֹ, פֹּהhere , with אprefixed. In the
Targs. פּוֹןis used somewhat similary, e.g. Gn 26:10 Nu 11:29 Is 1:9 ; 48:18 , 19 )
,—used 1. in connexion with interrogatory pronouns or adverbs (like ἄρα, ποτε , tandem
): ֵפוֹא
מִי אGn 27:33 who, then , …? v 37 ֱשׂה ֶ וּ ְלכָה אֵפוֹא מָה ֶאעand for thee, then ,
what shall I do, my son? Ex 33:16 וּ ַבמֶּה יִוָּדַע אֵפוֹאand wherein shall it be known, then
…? ֵפוֹא
א אַיֵּהwhere, then? Ju 9:38 Is 19:12 Jb 17:15 ; Ho 13:10 ֵפוֹא ; ֱאהִי ַמ ְל ְכּ ָך א
Is 22:1 ֵפוֹא מַה־ ָלּ ְך אwhat is there to thee, pray …? 2. in a command or wish: 2 K 10:10
דְּעוּ אֵפוֹאknow, then; (in apod.) Pr 6:3 Jb 19:6 ; Jb 19:23 ָי ֑ מִי־יִתֵּן אֵפוֹ וְיִכָּֽתְבוּן ִמלּ
would, then , that my words were written! 3. after ִם א, Gn 43:11 אִם־כֵּן אֵפוֹא זֹאת
עֲשׂוּif it be so, then , do this, Jb 9:24 if not then , who is it? 24:25 .
אפלTWOT 145
( Arabic disappear, depart, set (of the sun) ) .
† ֫
אֹפֶל S 652
TWOT 145a
GK 694
n. m. Jb 3:6 darkness, gloom (only poet.)—
א׳always abs. — 1. darkness , of night ψ 91:6 ( opp. ;) צָֽ ֳהרָֽיִםdeep in the earth,
ֶאבֶן א׳Jb 28:3 ( || חֹשׁ ְך
ֶ , ;) ַצ ְל ָמוֶתdarkness, gloom of underworld Jb 10:22 ( ×2 ) (
|| ך
ְ חֹשׁ
ֶ ֶארֶץ, א׳ עֵי ָפפָה, ;) ַצ ְל ָמוֶתpersonif. Jb 3:6 that night—let darkness take it
; יִ ָקּחֵהוּ א׳fig. of spiritual darkness Is 29:18 ( || חֹשׁ ְך
ֶ ); of secrecy, treachery ψ
11:2 . 2. especially fig. of calamity Jb 23:17 ( || חשׁךq.v. ), 30:26 ( opp. ) אוֹר.
† אָפֵל S 651
TWOT 145b
GK 695
adj. gloomy , of day of י׳Am 5:20 ( || חשׁך,
opp. ) נֹגַהּ cf. ֲא ֵפלָה.
† [ ִיל
אָפS 648
TWOT 145d
GK 689
] adj. (darkened, concealed, thence) late, of
crops;— ִילֹת
ֲאפEx 9:32 of wheat & spelt.
BAS 471
thinks this יָהan enclitic part. of emphasis, & comp. Assyrian ) —only ֶץ ֶאר
ם׳ Je 2:31 fig. of י׳in dealing with his people ( || ָר
) ִמ ְדבּ.
אפןTWOT 146
( meaning dub. , perhaps turn , cf. ) פנה.
† אוֹפַן S 212
TWOT 146a
GK 236
, ָן
אוֹפn. m. Ez 1:20 wheel .— abs. אוֹפַן 1
K 7:32 + ; ָן
אוֹפEz 1:16 + ; cstr. אוֹפַן 1 K 7:33 Is 28:27 ; ַן
אֹפEx 14:25 ; pl.
אוֹ ַפנִּים 1 K 7:32 + ; cstr. אוֹ ַפנֵּי 1 K 7:30 ; ֶם
אוֹ ַפנֵּיהEz 10:12 , etc.— a. wheel of
chariot ( ָה ) ֶמ ְר ָכּבEx 14:25 1 K 7:33 Na 3:2 ; of (threshing) cart ( ) ֲעָגלָהIs
28:27 cf. Pr 20:26 (as instr. of punishment). b. wheels in Ezek.’s vision Ez 1:15 ,
16 ( ×3 ) , 19 ( ×2 ) , 20 ( ×2 ) , 21 , ( del. Co ) 21 ; 3:13 ; 10:6 , 9 ( ×4 ) , 10 ( ×2 ) , 12
( ×3 )
, 13 , 16 ( ×2 ) , 19 ; 11:22 . c. wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in
Sol.’s temple 1 K 7:30 , 32 ( ×3 ) , 33 .
† [ ֶן ֫ S
אֹפ 655
TWOT 146b
GK 698
] n. [ m. ] circumstance, condition ( perhaps
lit. turning ) only du. (or pl. ) sf. פנָיו ְ = עַל־אָin (right) circumstances Pr 25:11 (
Syn. d. Zeit u. Ewigkelt 38 f.
cf. Str ad loc. , also Orelli ).
† ֑
אָפוּנָה S 6323
TWOT 1744
GK 687
ψ 88:16 ( ἅπ. λεγ . Dl Pr 135 f.
comp.
Assyrian appuna(ma) adv. = ma’diš , very, very much , but dub. ; Thes MV
form from √ פון, & comp. Arabic diminuit, mente diminuit ( Frey ), hence be
confused, helpless , cf. ἐξηπορήθην ; B conturbatus sum; others emend אָפוּגָה
or ֶפּוֹגָה
אfrom פּוּגq.v. , but vb. not needed for parallelism. Arabic in fact = milk
(camel, etc.) dry, empty; = empty-headed man; this does not support be confused,
helpless ( GFM , privately) ) .
† אָפֵסS 656
TWOT 147
GK 699
( cf. II. ַס
) ָפּסvb. cease, fail, come to an end :
only Qal Pf. 3 ms. ; Gn 47:15 , 16 (of money, ֶף
) ֶכּס, Is 16:4 (extortioner: || ָכּלָה,
) תַּם, 29:20 (terrible one: || ָה
ָכּל, ) נִ ְכרַת, ψ 77:9 ( ַחסְדּוֹ: || ) גָּמַר.
† ֶ ֫אפֶס S 657
TWOT 147a
GK 700
֑אָפn. m. proposes ceasing , hence 1. end,
, ֶס
extremity , only in the poet. phrase ֵי ( ֶארֶץ אַ ְפסψ 59:14 ) א׳ הארץends, extreme
limits , of the earth, used especially hyperbolically: Dt 33:17 1 S 2:10 Mi 5:3 Je
16:19 ψ 2:8 ; 59:14 ; 72:8 ( = Zc 9:10 ); + ָל־ כּIs 45:22 ; 52:10b ( = ψ 98:3b
) ψ 22:28 ; 67:8 Pr 30:4 .
† [ ֶס ֫ S
אֹפ 657
TWOT 147a , 147b
GK 701
] n. [ m. ] only in the du. ס֑יִם
ָ ( אָ ְפnot אַ׳
; v. Baer), lit. the two extremities , i.e. either the soles of the feet (so AW Ges ;
cf. Aramaic ָא פִּי ְסּת, ), or the ankles (so S B , & most): only Ez 47:3 מֵי א׳
water of (i.e. reaching to) the soles (or ankles ); cf. v 4 ָמ ְתנָ֑יִם מֵיwater reaching
to the loins.
ֶ ֫אפS
† [ ַע 659
TWOT 1791a
GK 703
מֵאָ֑פIs 41:24 text error for מֵאָ֑פֶסv.
] ַע אפס
; so B Saad Thes Ew Di al.
†[ אָפַףS 661
TWOT 148
GK 705
] vb. surround, encompass ( Assyrian apâpu
Zim BP 59
) — Qal Pf. ֽאָפְפוּψ 40:13 , ֲאפָפוּנִיψ 18:5 + ;— encompass (poet.) lit. Jon
2:6 (subj. מיִם
ַ ); fig. , subj. evils & misfortunes רָעוֹתψ 40:13 ( sq. ִשׁ ְבּרֵי ;) ָעלַי
ְמ
מות2 S 22:5 , cf. ֶה ְבלֵי ם׳ψ 18:5 , also 116:3 .
†[ אָפַקS 662
TWOT 149
GK 706
] vb. hold, be strong ( so Thes wh. comp.
Arabic excel = multum valuit; MV comp. also ) — Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. ִהתְאַ ָפּ֑קוּIs
63:15 ; Inf. ְל ִהתְאַפֵּקGn 45:1 ; Impf. וְיִּתְאַפַּקGn 43:31 ; 2 ms. ִתּתְאַפַּקIs 64:11 ;
ֶאתְאַ ָפּ֑קIs 42:14 ; וָ ֶאתְאַפַּק1 S 13:12 — 1. compel oneself 1 S 13:12 . 2. restrain
oneself, refrain Gn 43:31 ; 45:1 Is 42:14 Est 5:10 ; of י׳Is 64:11 ; of Yahweh’s
compassion Is 63:15 , ך ָ ( ֵאלַי ִהתְאַ ָפּ֑קוּ ֵמעֶי ָך וְ ַר ֲחמֶיalmost passive).
† [ ִיק
אָפS 650
TWOT 149a
GK 692 , 693
] n. m. 2 S 22:16 channel ( as holding,
confining waters; poet. ) — cstr. ֲאפִיק Jb 6:15 ; pl. ֲאפִיקִיםEz 6:3 ; ֲא ִפקִיםEz
32:6 ; cstr. ֲא ִפ(י)קֵי 2 S 22:16 Jo 1:20 ; sf. ֲאפִיקֶי ָךEz 35:8 ; ֲאפִיקָיוIs 8:7 —
channel = stream-bed, ravine , מיִם
ַ א׳ψ 42:2 Jo 1:20 cf. 4:18 Ct 5:12 ; also ψ
18:16 , but better א׳ יָםas 2 S 22:16 ; ִים
א׳ נְ ָחל Jb 6:15 ; of river-bed Is 8:7 ; so
also (without defining word) Ez 31:12 ; 32:6 ; 34:13 ψ 126:4 ; || ַגּיְאEz 6:3 ; 35:8
† ֲאפֵק S 663
GK 707
, ִיק
( ֲאפJu 1:31 ) n.pr.loc. Aphek ( perhaps enclosure , or
fortress ) . 1. city near Jezreel (Assyrian Apḳu , cf. Dl Pa 287
) Jos 12:18 1 S 29:1
ֲא ֵפ֑ק, so) 1 K 20:26 , 30 cf. 2 K 13:17 . 2. city in tribe of Asher Jos 19:30 Ju
( ָה
1:31 ( ִיק
) ֲאפ. 3. city NE. of Beirût, mod. Afqa Jos 13:4 ֲא ֵכּ֑קָה v. Di . 4. place
near Mizpah 1 S 4:1 ( cf. 7:12 ). Jos 12:18 ; 1 S 4:1 ; 29:1 and 2 K 13:22 L
l.c. Comp 254
; town not near Jezreel but at N. end of Philistine plain; cf. L We
OTJC 2, 435 Geogr. 400 f. Geogr. 212 (and N.)
Dr 1 S 29:11 RS GASm Buhl Bu RS 235 f. ;
more doubtful are 1 K 20:26 , 30 ; 2 K 13:17 (Kit 1 K 20 , 26 ); these, with Jos
19:30 Ju 1:31 , might denote an Apheḳ near Jezreel.
† ָה ֲא ֵפקS 664 GK 708 n.pr.loc. ( meaning perhaps id. ) one of a group of cities
including Hebron Jos 15:53 .
† ֵ ֫אפֶר S 665
TWOT 150a
GK 709
n. [ m. ] ashes ( as light, flying ? ) — א׳abs.
Gn 18:27 + ; cstr. Nu 19:9 , 10 — ashes of red heifer, used in purifications Nu
19:9 , 10 ; on head, as sign of humiliation 2 S 13:19 ; contrition Dn 9:3 ( || צוֹם,
) ַשׂק, Jon 3:6 ( || שׂק
ַ ) cf. Jb 42:6 ( וא׳) ָעפָר, Is 58:5 ( || ;) ַשׂקmourning Est
4:1 , 3 ( || שׂק
ַ ) cf. Jb 2:8 ( ) ישׁב בתוך הא׳, Je 6:26 ( || ) ַשׂק, Ez 27:30 ( || עפר
); in sim. scattereth hoarfrost ָא׳
כּψ 147:16 ; but also as filthy, loathsome כעפר וא׳
Jb 30:19 ( Di sim. of mourning, grief), as worthless, ֵי א׳ ִשׁל
ְ מJb 13:12 proverbs
of ashes; fig. of worthlessness Is 44:20 ; insignificance עפר וא׳Gn 18:27 ;
ignominy Ez 28:18 Mal 3:21 ; distress & sorrow ִי א׳ ַכּ ֶלּחֶם אָ ָ ֑כ ְלתּψ 102:10 (so
Assyrian cf. Zim BP 42 ) cf. La 3:16 Is 61:3 ( ֶר ) ְפּאֵר ַתּחַת ֵאפ.
comp. Arabic , cover; MV comp. Aramaic מעפרא, mantle, turban; but connection of
√ ( ) פּ׳ עwith אפרis dub. )
† ֲאפֵר S 666
TWOT 151a
GK 710
n. [ m. ] covering, bandage ( Assyrian ipru ,
covering Zim BP 95
, êpartu , garment , Id. ib. & Dl Pr 54
) א׳ עַל־עֵינָיו 1 K 20:38
cf. v 41 .
ִה ְפרָה, Hiph. of פרה, cf. פראHiph. Ho 13:15 ) . 1. 2nd son of Joseph Gn 41:52 ;
46:20 ; reckoned among sons of Jacob, blessed by him, and given preference over
Manasseh 48:1 , 5 , 13 , 14 , 17 ( ×2 ) ( cf. v 19 ) v 20 ( ×2 ) ; 50:23 Nu 1:10 1
Ch 7:20 , 22 . 2. ריִם
ַ = ( ְבּנֵי ֶא ְפdescendants, tribe of E.) Nu 1:32 ; 2:18 , 24 ;
7:48 ; 10:22 ; 26:35 , 37 Jos 16:5 , 9 (boundaries of territory), 17:8 1 Ch 9:3 ;
12:30 ( 31 ); 27:10 , 14 , 20 2 Ch 28:12 ; less often טּה א׳ ֵ ַמNu 1:33 ; 13:8 Jos
21:5 1 Ch 6:51 ; א׳ ַמטֵּה ְבנֵיNu 34:24 Jos 16:8 cf. 14:4 ; ֵשׁבֶט א׳ψ 78:67 ( ||
בֵּית א׳ ;) אֹהֶל יוֹסֵףJu 10:9 ; also א׳alone, tribe Ephraim Nu 26:28 Dt 33:17
Jos 16:10 + often; ַשּׁה ֶ א׳ וּ ְמנJos 17:17 cf. Ju 12:15 ( ) א׳ א׳ ום׳2 Ch 30:10 3.
הַר־ ֶא ְפ ַריִםthe mountain-country of Ephraim , a ridge stretching from N. to S.
through territory assigned to Ephr. , with fruitful land on both slopes, especially the
western ( cf. Di Jos 16:1 ) Jos 17:15 ; 19:50 ; 20:7 Ju 2:9 ; 3:27 ; 4:5 + 26
times 4. by Ho & Is (rarely later) ריִם
ַ = ֶא ְפkingdom of northern Israel (from Ephr.
as largest & strongest tribe in it) Ho 4:17 ; 5:3 ( ×2 ) , 5 ( || ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ) יv 11 , 12 +
30 times Ho; Is 7:2 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 17 + 9 times Is; also Je 7:15 ; 31:9 , 18 , 20 Ez
37:16 ( del. Co ) v 19 ψ 78:9 2 Ch 25:7 , 10 cf. 30:1 ψ 60:9 = 108:9 ;
ָערֵי א׳2 Ch 17:2 cf. 34:6 ; ְשׁדֵה א׳Ob 19 ; hence א׳alone in loc. sense 2 Ch
31:1 ; also Ho 5:9 , where fem. (& perhaps Is 7:2 ). † 5. ריִם
ַ ֶא ְפ יַעַר 2 S 18:6 , E.
of Jordan; L Klo read חנַיִם
ֲ ַמ יער, cf. 17:24 , 27 . † 6. name of a city near
Baal-hazor 2 S 13:23 ( = Εφραϊμ John 11:54 & 1 Macc 11:34 ? Klo comp.
L Γοφραιμ & עפרון, Qr ֶע ְפ ַריִן 2 Ch 13:19 ; so previously Bö Th Ke cf.
Dr ). † 7. ריִם
ַ ַשׁעַר ֶא ְפa chief gate of Jerusalem 2 K 14:13 2 Ch 25:23 Ne 8:16 ;
12:39 ; perhaps at NW. angle, near Holy Sepulchre, cf. Schick-Guthe ZPV 1885 .
אפתTWOT 152
( meaning dub. √ whence Arabic calamity , & also wonder,
portent; according to Thes Arabic √ = suffer evil but Thes 612, Add. 72
del. אפת, and
der. ֵת
מוֹפfrom √ ́ פ׳ו, so Ba NB § 172 c
; v. also, on as late by-form of , DBMacdonald
JBL xiv (1895), 58 ff
).
† מוֹפֵת S 4159
TWOT 152a
GK 4603
n. m. Dt 29:2 wonder, sign, portent ( =
מוֹפֵת — ) מֹאפֵתEx 7:9 + 14 times; מוֹ ֶפ ְתכֶםEz 12:11 ; מוֹ ְפתִיםDt 4:34 + 4
times; ִים
מֹ ְפתDt 6:22 + 9 times; מוֹ ְפתַיEx 7:3 ; 11:9 ; מוֹ ְפתָיוψ 78:43 ; מֹ ְפתָיו
1 Ch 16:12 ψ 105:5 — 1. wonder , as special display of God’s power Ex 7:3 ; 11:9
ψ 105:5 1 Ch 16:12 Jo 3:3 ; by Moses and Aaron Ex 4:21 ; 11:10 cf. 7:9 (in
mouth of Pharaoh), by false proph. Dt 13:2 , 3 ( || ;) אותusually || אותDt 4:34 ;
6:22 ; 7:19 ; 26:8 ; 29:2 ; 34:11 ψ 78:43 ; 105:27 ; 135:9 Je 32:20 , 21 Ne
9:10 ; applied to effect of Yahweh’s curse Dt 28:46 ( || ;) אותto one protected by י׳
ψ 71:7 . 2. sign or token of future event ( cf. ) אוֹת 1 K 13:3 ( ×2 )
, 5 2 Ch 32:24 ,
31 ; symbolic act Is 20:3 ( || ;) אותas such the term is applied to persons Is 8:18 ( ||
) אות ְשׁי ם׳
Ez 12:6 , 11 ; 24:24 , 27 ; cf. ֵ אַנZc 3:8 men who serve as a symbol
or sign .— Vb. used, of divine act, is נתןEx 7:9 etc., שׂיםJe 32:20 ; שׂיםalso of
entrusting to human power Ex 4:21 , cf. ֶר ִדּבּ1 K 13:3 ; of human agency עשׂהEx
4:21 ; 11:10 , נתן1 K 13:3 , 5 .
sf. ֶא ְצלִי, ֶאצְלוֹetc.; only used as a prep. a. (as an implicit accus.) in proximity to
(as though Lag BN 68 ), beside : Gn 39:10 , 15 ; 41:3 and stood ָרוֹת ֵאצֶל ַהפּbeside
the kine, 1 S 5:2 ֶל דָּגוֹן ֵאצbeside Dagon, 20:19 1 K 13:24 , 25 ; 21:1 Pr 8:30
Ez 1:15 , 19 ; 33:30 ; 39:15 ; often in phrase ( ח ) ם׳ י׳ ַ ֵאצֶל ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּLv 1:16 ; 6:3
Dt 16:21 1 K 2:29 Am 2:8 + ; of a locality ( cf. II. ֵת א2 ) Dt 11:30 beside the
terebinths of Moreh, 1 K 1:9 ; 4:12 Je 41:17 . After a vb. of motion (late) Dn 8:7 ,
17 ; cf. 2 Ch 28:15b . b. with ִן
מ, ֵמ ֵאצֶלfrom proximity to, from beside ( cf. ֵמאֵת,
) ֵמעִם: † 1 S 20:41 (read with ֵמ ֵאצֶל הָאַ ְרגָּבfrom beside the mound); Ez 40:7
contiguous to, beside ( ִן
מ1 c ); with suff. 1 S 17:30 וַיִּסֹּב ֵמ ֶאצְלוֹand he turned
about from beside him , 1 K 3:20 ; 20:36 Ez 10:16 .
† [ ַל
אָצS 680
TWOT 153
GK 724
] vb. denom. lay aside, reserve, withdraw,
withhold — Qal Pf. אָ ַצ ְל ָתּGn 27:36 ; אָ ַצ ְלתִּיEc 2:10 ; וְ ֽאָ ַצ ְל ִתּ֫יcons. Nu 11:17
;— reserve , ָה
לִי ְב ָרכGn 27:36 ; ( withdraw ), set apart מִן־הָרוּ ַחNu 11:17 ;
withhold ֶם
ֵמהEc 2:10 . Niph. Pf. נֶ ֱאצַלEz 42:6 be withdrawn , i.e. shortened or
narrowed . Hiph. Impf. ֶל וַיָּאצNu 11:25 ( Kö i 390 ) = Qal Nu 11:17 .
† II. ֵ ֫אצֶל S 1018 , 681
TWOT 153a
GK 725 , 726
בֵּית־ ָה ֵא֫צMi 1:11 ,
in n.pr. [ m. ] ֶל
according to Hi Ew Ca Ke = ָ ֒אַצל Zc 14:5 , but dub. ; cf. II. אָצֵל infr.
† I. ֵל
אָצS 682
GK 727 , 728
, in pause צ֑ל
ַ ( אָGes § 29. 4 c
) n.pr. m. ( perhaps noble
, cf. אָצִיל2 ) a descendant of Jonathan 1 Ch 8:37 , 38 ( ×2 )
= 9:43 , 44 ( ×2 )
.
II.[ ֵל אָצS 682 GK 727 , 728 ], in pause אָצַלZc 14:5 , according to Thes
Ew al. , n.pr.loc. near Jerusalem; but no site found, & identification with
בֵּית־ ָה ֵאצֶלuncertain; hence Symm B Köh WR make subst. , = אֶל־ ָאַ֒צלvery
near, hard by ( ֵל
אָצbeing the supposed abs. form of I. ; ֵאצֶלcf. Ol § 167 b
).
† [ ִיל
אָצS 678
TWOT 153b
GK 721 , 722
] n. [ m. ] side, corner, chief — pl. cstr.
ֲאצִילֵיEx 24:11 ; sf. ֲאצִילֶי ָהIs 41:9 ;— 1. sides (borders) of earth Is 41:9 ( ||
;) קצותcf. ירכתי א׳Je 6:22 etc. 2. fig. nobles ( perhaps as sides, supports , cf.
sub ִנּוֹת ; פּso Ew Di : but perhaps = noble —from be rooted , root , met. origin,
stock —proposes a man having a (known) origin, sprung from an ancient and famous
stock; so Ges , cf. Lag BN 68 ) Ex 24:11 .
† [ ִיל
אַצּS 679
TWOT 153c
GK 723
] n. [ f. ] joining, joint ( cf. elbow ) — pl.
cstr. ] אַצִּילֵי יד[יEz 13:18 (on ידcf. Sm Co );— joint of hand, i.e. elbow Ez
13:18 ; ך
ָ אַצִּילוֹת יָדֶיJe 38:12 arm-joints .— אַצִֽילָה ׃Ez 41:8 is obscure; perhaps
א׳is here a technical architectural term to the joining ( cf. Sm Ke ).
Ca C. P. Caspari.
†[ אָצַרS 686
TWOT 154
GK 732
] vb. lay up, store up ( Mish. id. , Aramaic
ֲאצַר, , Arabic confine, restrict ) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. ֽאָצְרוּ2 K 20:17 Is 39:6 ; Pt.
הָאֹ ְצרִיםAm 3:10 ;— store up treasure 2 K 20:17 = Is 39:6 ; obj. ָחמָס וָשֹׁדAm
3:10 , i.e. treasure gained by violence and robbery. Niph. Impf. ֵר יֵאָצbe stored up , of
the merchandise of Tyre Is 23:18 . Hiph. Impf. ָה ( וָאוֹ ְצרcf. Kö i 391 ) ( denom. from
) אוֹצָרNe 13:13 and I appointed treasurer , sq. acc. pers. + עַל־אוֹצָרוֹת.
† ֵ ֫אצֶר S 687
GK 733
n.pr. m. ( treasure; or covenant Arabic ) a chief of the
Horites Gn 36:21 , 27 , 30 1 Ch 1:38 , 42 .
† אוֹצָר S 214
TWOT 154a
GK 238
n. m. Pr 15:16 treasure, store, treasury,
storehouse ( so Aramaic, also ) — ָר
אוֹצPr 15:16 + ; cstr. אוֹצַרJos 6:19 + ; sf.
אוֹצָרוֹDt 28:12 + 2 times; pl. אֹצָרוֹתJo 1:17 + ; אוֹצָרוֹתPr 21:6 + ; cstr.
אוֹצְרוֹתPr 10:2 + ; אֹצְרוֹתJb 38:22 + ; pl. sf. אוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃Dt 32:34 Is 39:4 ;
אוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃Dt 32:34 ; אוֹצְרוֹתֶי ָךJe 17:3 ; אוֹ ְצרוֹתָםIs 30:6 ; אֹצְרֹתֵיהֶםPr 8:21
, etc.— 1. treasure ( s ), gen. pl. (gold, silver, costly utensils, etc.) Jos 6:19 , 24 Is
2:7 ; 30:6 ; 45:3 ( ך ְ חֹשׁ
ֶ א׳, i.e. concealed, hoarded) Ho 13:15 Je 15:13 ; 17:3 ;
20:5 ; 48:7 ; 49:4 ; 51:13 ; 1 K 14:26 ( ×2 ) 2 K 24:13 ( ×2 ) , perhaps also Is 39:2 , 4
= 2 K 20:13 , 15 ; wealth Pr 15:16 ; 21:6 , 20 ; gathered for temple-building ( sg.
) ֵית י׳
א׳ בּ1 Ch 29:8 , א׳ ַה ְמּלָאכָהEzr 2:69 = Ne 7:71 ( 70 ), also v 70 ( 69 ) (
cf. 1 Ch 26:27 ). 2. store , supply of food, drink, etc., 2 Ch 11:11 1 Ch 27:27 , 28 ;
fig. ֶשׁע
ַ א׳ רMi 6:10 Pr 10:2 ; יִרְאַת י׳ הִיא אוֹצָרוֹIs 33:6 . 3. בֵּית אוֹצָרa.
treasure-house Ne 10:39 cf. Dn 1:2 ; b. storehouse, magazine Mal 3:10 ; &
without ביתa. treasure-house or chamber, treasury 1 K 7:51 ; 15:18 ( ×2 ) 2 K
12:19 ; 14:14 ; 16:8 ; 18:15 Je 38:11 ; 50:37 (?) 1 Ch 9:26 ; 26:20 ( ×2 ) , 22 , 24
, 26 ; 28:12 ( ×2 ) 2 Ch 5:1 ; 16:2 (?) 32:27 cf. Ez 28:4 ; b. storehouse Jo 1:17
Pr 8:21 1 Ch 27:25 ( ×2 ) Ne 13:12 , 13 ; c. magazine of weapons, fig. of Yahweh’s
armoury Je 50:25 ; d. storehouses of God for rain, snow, hail, wind, sea Dt 28:12
Jb 38:22 ( ×2 ) Je 10:13 ; 51:16 ψ 135:7 ; 33:7 .
אֶקדָּח v. קדח.
† אֵקּוֹ n. m. wild goat (?) only Dt 14:5 in list of clean animals וָזָ֑מֶר אַיָּל וּ ְצבִי
( וְיַחְמוּר וְאַקּוֹ וְדִישֹׁן וּתְאוֹ ὄρυξ , S ibex; cf. Bo Hieroz. i. 900 f.
, Thes
† ָא ֲארS 690 GK 736 n.pr. m. ( meaning unknown, Thes conject. = ֲארִיlion )
a descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:38 .
† אָרַבS 693
TWOT 156
GK 741
vb. lie in wait ( Arabic I. was crafty , III. went
obliquely Dozy (knot) Frey ) — Qal Pf. וְאָרַב וַ ֲא ַר ְבתֶּםJu 21:20
consec. Dt 19:11
; ִי׃
אָרָֽ ְבתּJb 31:9 ; ֽאָרְבוּψ 59:4 La 4:19 ; Impf. יֶאֱרֹבψ 10:9 ; ֱרֹ֑בוּ יֶאPr
( ×2 )
1:18 Mi 7:2 ; ְבוּ וַיֶּֽ ֶארJu 9:34 ; 16:2 ; נֶֽ ֶא ְרבָהPr 1:11 ; Imv. אֱרֹבJu 9:32 ; Inf.
ֱארָב־Pr 12:6 ; Pt. אֹרֵבJos 8:2 + 11 times; אוֹרֵבJos 8:12 + 4 times; אֹ ְרבִיםJos
8:4 + 2 times;— lie in wait (with hostile purpose), abs. Ju 9:32 , 43 + 21:20 Jb 31:9
ψ 10:9 Pr 7:12 ; 23:28 1 S 22:8 , 13 La 3:10 (of bear, cf. ψ 10:9 ); c. inf. of
purpose ψ 10:9 ; c. acc. א׳ דָּםPr 12:6 ; c. ַל ע, and pers. against whom Ju 9:34 ;
usually c. לDt 19:11 Mi 7:2 Ju 16:2 ψ 59:4 Pr 1:11 , 18 ; 24:15 La 4:19 cf.
Jos 8:2 , 4 , 14 ; Pt. as subst. = liers-in-wait ( pl. ) Ju 20:29 ; usually sg. coll.
ambush Jos 8:2 , 12 , 14 , 19 , 21 Ju 16:9 , 12 ; 20:33 , 36 , 37 ( ×2 ) , 38 Ezr 8:31 ;
pl. of this sing. = ambuscades Je 51:12 ; sg. = place of lying-in-wait, ambush ( loc.
sense) Jos 8:7 . Pi. Pt. pl. ִים ְמ ֽאָ ְרבliers-in-wait . Qal Pt. Ju 9:25 ( c. ) ל, 2 Ch
20:22 ( c. ) עַל.? Hiph. Impf. ( בנחל וַיָּרֶבfor ) וַיַּ ֲארֶב 1 S 15:5 ( cf. Dr Kö i 390
;
Ges - Kau § 68. 2
queries) but text dub. ; cf. Ol § 257 b
, & Klo , who proposes ויעבר
בנחל.
ֶ ֫ארS
† [ ֶב 695
TWOT 156a
GK 743
֑אָרn. [ m. ]— 1. a lying-in-wait Jb 38:40
] ֶב
. 2. covert, lair 37:8 ( || ְעוֹנוֹת
) מ.
† ֲארָבS 694 GK 742 n.pr.loc. city near Hebron Jos 15:52 ( Ερεμ , L
On. 254, 2nd ed. 260 119, 2nd ed. 152
Ερεβ ; according to Onomast. Ερεμινθα Lag Ereb Id. ,
a village Heromith in Daroma; cf. Di Survey iii.311
).
† [ ֶב ֫ S
אֹר 696
TWOT 156b
GK 744
] n. [ m. ] ambuscade only fig. — a. ָשׂים
ִי
אָרְבּוֹ Je 9:7 i.e. he planneth treachery. b. ָם
אָ ְרבּtheir intrigue Ho 7:6 cf. Now p.
126
.
† [ ָה
אָ ְרבּS 698 TWOT 156c GK 747
] n. f. artifice , pl. cstr. אָרְבוֹת ידיו Is
25:11 (lit. tricks of his hands ).
† ֲארֻבּוֹת S 700
GK 749
n.pr.loc. ( = ? ֲארָב cf. Klo ad loc. ) 1 K 4:10
ָבּ ֲארֻבּוֹת.
אַ ְרבֵאל S 1009
GK 745
cf. בֵּית אַ ְרבֵאל, sub בית.
אַ ְרבֶּה S 697
TWOT 2103a
GK 746
v. sub I. רבה.
אַ ְרבַּעS 702 , 703 , 704 , 706 TWOT 2106a , 2986a GK 752 , 753 , אַ ְר ָבּעָה, אַ ְר ַבּ֫עַת,
אַ ְר ָבּעִיםS 705 TWOT 2106b GK 754 etc. v. I. רבע.
†[ אָרַגS 707
TWOT 157
GK 755
] vb. weave ( Mish. id. cf. Ph. ארגweaver )
— Qal Impf. 2 fs. תַּאַ ְרגִיJu 16:13 , 3 mpl. יֶאֱרֹ֑גוּIs 59:5 ; Pt. אֹ ֵרגEx 28:32 +
4 times; pl. אֹ ְרגִיםIs 19:9 + 5 times; אֹרְגוֹת2 K 23:7 ;— weave cloth, etc.
Is 19:9
(in Egypt) 2 K 23:7 , Samson’s locks Ju 16:13 ; metaph. weave spider’s web =
intrigue Is 59:5 ; most often Pt. used as subst. = weaver Is 38:12 ; work of the
weaver מעשׂה א׳Ex 28:32 ; 39:22 , 27 cf. 35:35 ; weavers’ beam ( pl. ) ְנוֹר א׳ מ1S
17:7 2 S 21:19 1 Ch 11:23 ; 20:5 ( sim. of huge spear-shaft)— cf. also sub יֲַערֵי
ארגים.
† ֶ ֫ארֶג S 708
TWOT 157a
GK 756
n. [ m. ] loom ( v. GFM
POS Oct. 1889
)—
ֶארֶגJu 16:14 hand-loom to which Samson’s hair was fastened, plucked up by him (
א׳obj. of ; וַיִּסַּעdel. ַהיְתַדas gloss, cf. GFM supr. ); Jb 7:6 יָמַי קַלּוּ ִמנִּי אָ֑רֶג
my days are swifter than a loom .
אַרְגֹּב S 709
GK 758 , 759
, ָב
אַ ְרגּTWOT 2111b
GK 757
v. רגב.
אַ ְרגָּז S 712
TWOT 2112d
GK 761
v. רגז.
† אַ ְרגָּמָן S 713
TWOT 157b
GK 763
n. [ m. ] purple, red-purple , i.e. purple
thread & cloth ( Assyrian argamannu COT Ex 25:4 , Arabic , Aramaic , cf.
אַ ְרְגּוָן
supr. ; etym. dub. ; possibly Skr. râgaman , adj. red, reddish , from râga ,
red colour, so Benary cf. Thes Add 111 RobGes ; vid. MV ; Thes earlier, from
; רגםbut prob. loan-word, cf. also Lag BN 205 ; Pers. is also cited by PS ) —form
always as above— 1. purple thread , cf. especially Ex 35:25 ; 39:3 Est 1:6 ; a.
mostly Ex ( P ) with ref. to the hangings of tabernacle, the ephod, etc.; seld. alone;
c. ֶת ְתּ ֵכל, violet ( q.v. ), תּוֹ ַלעַת ָשׁנִי, ( ָשׁזָר
ְ ֵשׁשׁ ) מ, (also ) ִעזִּיםEx 25:4 ; 26:1 ,
31 , 36 ; 27:16 ; 35:6 , 25 , 35 ; 36:8 , 35 , 37 ; 38:18 , 23 ; 39:24 (on text v.
Di ) v 29 ; with these + ָב זָה28:5 , 6 , 8 , 15 ; 39:2 , 3 , 5 , 8 ; om. ֵשׁשׁ ם׳
28:33 ; 39:1 ; also of temple-hangings, with ֶת
ְתּ ֵכל, ַכּ ְרמִיל & בּוּץ2 Ch 3:14 cf.
2:13 ( v. also 2:6 v. sub רְגּוָן
ְ ) אַ. b. as indicating wealth & luxury of Tyre, c. ֵשׁשׁ
† אַ ְר ְדּ S 714
GK 764
n.pr. m. Gn 46:21 son of Benjamin, but Nu 26:40 grand
son of Benjamin = אַדָּר 1 Ch 8:3 .
† אַ ְרדִּי S 716
GK 766
adj. gent. c. art. as n.pr. coll. , ִי
הָאַ ְרדּ ִשׁף׳
ְמ Nu 26:40 .
† אֲרוֹד S 720
GK 769
n.pr. m. son of Gad Nu 26:17 = אֲרוֹדִי Gn 46:16 .
† אֲרוֹדִי S 722
GK 771 , 772
adj. gent. c. art. as n.pr. coll. , ִשׁף׳
ְמ הָא׳ Nu 26:17
; without art. as n.pr. = אֲרוֹד Gn 46:16 .
† אַרְדּוֹן S 715
GK 765
n.pr. m. son of Caleb, of tribe of Judah 1 Ch 2:18 .
† אַ ְרוָד S 719
GK 770
n.pr.loc. city of Phenicia ( Assyrian Aruada , etc. v. COT
Gn 10:18 Dl ; Αραδιοι ; mod. Ruâd ) on an island near main land,
Pa 281
† אַ ְרוָדִי S 721
GK 773
adj. gent. c. art. as n. coll. ( Assyrian Arudai , etc.
COT Gloss
) mentioned among Canaanites, הָאַ ְרוָדִי Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16 .
† ַי
ֲארִידn.pr. m. a son of Haman Est 9:9 ( Pers. , perhaps = haridayas, delight
of Hari , v. Add Thes 72 ; but text very uncertain; cf. diff. tradition as to the names
in ).
† I. [ ָה
אָרS 717
TWOT 158
GK 768
] vb. pluck, gather ( Ethiopic ) — Qal Pf. 1
s. ִי
אָרִיתCt 5:1 ; 3 pl. sf. וְאָרוּ ָה ψ 80:13 pluck (grapes from) vine ψ 80:13 ,
myrrh Ct 5:1 .
† ֲארִי S 738
TWOT 158a
GK 787
n. m. Pr 28:15 lion ( Assyrian aria , Ethiopic
wild beast , cf. also ריֵה
ְ אַinfr. ) — ֲארִיAm 3:12 + 13 times + 2 S 23:20 Qr (
Kt ) אריה, La 3:10 ( id. ) + ψ 22:17 ( כָּֽ ֲארִיfor wh. read כָּרוּ = כארוcf. De
Pe Che crit. note); pl. ריִים
ָ ֲא1 K 10:20 ; ( ֲארָיוֹתalso m. ) Zp 3:3 + 16 times ( f.
Je 51:38 ? but cf. Ju 14:5 );— lion , lit. in narrative Ju 14:5 1 S 17:34 , 36 , 37
2 S 23:20 = 1 Ch 11:22 2 K 17:25 , 26 Pr 22:13 ; 26:13 Ct 4:8 cf. Am 3:12 ;
5:19 ; lion-images 1 K 7:29 ( ×2 ) , 36 ; 10:19 , 20 = 2 Ch 9:18 , 19 ; in
comparison Nu 23:24 ; 24:9 Ju 14:18 Is 38:13 Je 51:38 2 S 1:33 Ez 22:25 La
3:10 ; metaph. Na 2:12 Zp 3:3 Je 50:17 Ez 19:2 , 6 Pr 28:15 . For כאריψ
22:17 read כארו, cf. above. Cf. also ריֵה
ְ אַ.
† [ ריָה
ְ ֻאS 723
TWOT 158b
GK 774 , 795
] n. f. manger, crib ( Aramaic ריָא
ְ אוּ, ,
Arabic stall , etc., Assyrian urû Dl BAS i. 211
) — Pl. ֻארָוֹת2 Ch 32:28 (Aramaic
form for ָוֹת
; ֳארcf. Lag BN 172 ); cstr. ֻארְוֹת1 K 5:6 , אֻֽרְיוֹת2 Ch 9:25 ;— crib
of horses 1 K 5:6 (app. in enumeration of horses themselves, Eng. head , or span ,
cf. also 2 Ch 9:25 with 1 K 10:26 ; so Th MV , but text here dub. cf. Klo ),
hence 2 Ch 9:25 ; of any animals ( ) כל־בהמה2 Ch 32:28 (on ֲ׳ ַלאv. Add.).
Vulg.Ar. = manger Moḥiṭ 19, 15 ( GFM , privately), cf. Lane 51 c. . Also pl.
ֲאוֵרוֹת2 Ch 32:28 b (read prob. וְ ֻארָות ָל ֲע ָדרִים B Kit Benz al. ).
cf. Is 11:7 ; 35:9 ; 65:25 ; in simile Gn 49:9 2 S 17:10 ψ 7:3 ; 10:9 ; 17:12 ;
22:14 Is 21:8 ; 31:4 Je 2:30 ; 12:8 ; 49:19 ; 50:44 La 3:10 ( Kt ) Ez 1:10 ;
10:14 1 Ch 12:8 Ho 11:10 Jo 1:6 Mi 5:7 , cf. Am 3:4 , 8 Ec 9:4 ; metaph.
Gn 49:9 Dt 33:22 Jb 4:10 ψ 22:22 Is 15:9 Je 4:7 ; 5:6 Na 2:12 ( ×2 ) , 13 .
Benz J. Benzinger.
29:1 ( q.v. ) makes 1 = ֲארִיאֵיל, from אָרָה+ לafform., hearth (not + אֵלhearth of
̄El) . 2. n.pr. m. a chief man among returning exiles Ezr 8:16 . 3. ֵל מוֹאָב ֲא ִרא2 S
23:20 = ֵל ם׳ ֲארִיא1 Ch 11:22 taken by RV Dr Sm
al. as n.pr. m. , read
two sons of Ariel of Moab; RS Sem i. 469 comp. אראלMI 12, altar-hearth (so Sm
& So , and Dr Sm xci , v. sub ֵיל ) ֲארִיאand transl. א׳ מוֹאָבaltar-hearths of Moab
. 4. Ez 43:15 & Qr v 15 , 16 vid. sub ֵיל ֲא ִרא.
† אַ ְר ֵאלִי S 692
GK 739 , 740
n.pr. m. ( app. n.gent. from foregoing, but Nu
26:17 Αριηλ ( Gn 46:16 Αροηλεις, Αροηδις, Απηδεις ) = foregoing ) a son
of Gad Gn 46:16 Nu 26:17 ; also adj. gent. c. art. as n.pr. coll. Nu 26:17
ִשׁ ַפּחַת הָאַ ְר ֵאלִי
ְמ Αριηλει .
† [ ֵל
ֶא ְראS 691
TWOT 159a
GK 737
] n. [ m. ] ( form & meaning dub. v. infr.
) —only in ֶא ְר ֶאלָּםIs 33:7 ; Ges אַ ְר ֵאלִםheroes; cf. Thes Kn Che ; Hi
; ֲא ִר ֵאלָםcf. De , who der. from ֲארִיאֵל, lit. = lion of God , coll. c. sf. , &
transl. their heroes; n.gent. from ֵל = ֲארִיאZion Nbr Athen. 1886, p. 400 cf. Say ib. 466 ;
Ew ְאָל אַ ְרעָל = אַרtrembling , cf. Di . Brd proposes ‘ הילילוcry pitifully.’ S
al. read some form of ראה, ירא. Wholly uncertain.
† [ ָה
אֲרוּמS 725
GK 777
] n.pr.loc. home of Abimelek ( Thes Add sub ) ארםJu
9:41 ָה
בָּארוּמ, prob. = רוּמָה2 K 23:36 , cf. Jer Lag Onomast. 146, 2nd ed. 178 . It
must have lain near Shechem; identified by MV al. with El Ormah , 2 hours SE.
Nbr A. Neubauer.
Reisen ii. 268
from Shechem ( vandeVelde ), but this place not otherwise known; cf.
Survey ii. 387 .
ארזTWOT 160
( cf. Arabic be firm , also withdraw, retreat ) .
† ֶ ֫ארֶז S 730
TWOT 160a
GK 780
n. m. Ez 17:23 cedar ;— f. Ez 17:22 א׳
ָה ָרמָה, but del. הרמה Co ;— ( Arabic pine-tree , etc.; Ethiopic Syriac ) — א׳
֑אָרJb 40:17 + 6 times; pl.
abs. Lv 14:4 + 19 times, ֶז ֲא ָרזִיםIs 9:9 + 35 times;
cstr. רזֵיְ אַIs 2:13 + 5 times; sf. ֲא ָרזֶי ָךJe 22:7 Zc 11:1 ; רזָיוָ ֲאIs 37:24 = 2 K
19:23 ;— 1. cedar-tree , ( a ) as growing Nu 24:6 ψ 148:9 Is 41:19 ; 44:14 cf.
Ez 31:8 ; especially as growing on Lebanon 1 K 5:13 ; 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18
(both in fable of Jehoash); often ָנוֹן אַ ְרזֵי ( ַה) ְלּבJu 9:15 Is 2:13 ; 14:8 ψ 29:5 ( ×2 )
( fig. ) 104:16 , cf. 1 K 5:20 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24 ψ 92:13 Ct 5:15 Ez 27:5 (
sg. coll. ) Zc 11:1 , 2 ( fig. ); Ct 1:17 Ezr 3:7 Je 22:23 ( fig. ) Ez 17:3 ( fig. ); (
b ) especially in sim. , of outward power, stateliness & majesty ψ 80:11 ( ֵל ) א׳ א
cf. Ez 31:3 (personif., but v. Co on text), Am 2:9 ; of individuals Je 22:7 ψ
92:13 Ez 17:22 , 23 ; cf. other exx. of fig. use, supr. ; sim. of straightness &
strength Jb 40:17 (tail of hippopotamus). 2. cedar-timber, cedar-wood for building,
ֲעצֵי ֲא ָרזִים2 S 5:11 1 K 5:22 , 24 ; 6:10 ; 9:11 1 Ch 14:1 ; 22:4 ( ×2 ) 2 Ch 2:7
Ezr 3:7 ; without ֵץ
ע2 S 7:2 , 7 1 K 6:9 , 15 , 16 , 18 ( ×2 ) , 20 , 36 ; 7:2 ( ×2 ) , 3
, 7 , 11 , 12 ; 10:27 1 Ch 17:1 , 6 2 Ch 1:15 ; 2:2 ; 9:27 & Ct 8:9 Is 9:9 Je
22:14 , 15 ( cf. also Is 44:14 1 K 5:20 Ez 27:5 supr. ) 3. cedar-wood used in
purifications, c. ֵץ
עLv 14:4 , 6 , 49 , 51 , 52 Nu 19:6 (all P ).
† אַ ְרזָה S 731
TWOT 160b
GK 781
n. f. coll. cedar-panels, cedar-work Zp 2:14
.
† [ אָרוּזS 729
TWOT 160c
GK 775
] adj. firm, strong ( cf. Arabic supr. )
ֲא ֻרזִים Ez 27:24 .
vandeVelde C. W. M. van de Velde, esp. circa., Reis door Syrie en Palestina; E. T.,
Narrative of a Journey through Syria and Palestine;
† מֵרוֹז S 4789
GK 5292
n.pr.loc. Meroz, in northern Palestine Ju 5:23 ( expl. as
= ֶמ ֱא וֹז, retreat by Thes MV al. )
† ֫
אֹרַח S 734
TWOT 161a
GK 784
n. m. Jb 6:18 ( f. Pr 15:19 ) way, path (
Bae F. Baethgen.
) פִּקּוּדִים Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 ( || ִים
) ְדּ ָרכcf.
ִשׁ ָפּטֶי ָך
ְ א׳ מIs 26:8 ; also way of
justice, uprightness , etc. ָט ִשׁפְּ א׳ מPr 2:8 ( || ) ֶדּ ֶר ְך17:23 Is 40:14 ( || ) ֶדּ ֶר ְך, א׳
ישׁר ֶ Pr 2:13 ( || id. ), א׳ ְצ ָדקָה8:20 ( || ) נְתִיבוֹת, 12:28 ( || ;) ֶדּ ֶר ְך נְתִיבָהso
אֹרַחalone Is 30:11 ( || ) ֶדּ ֶר ְךPr 15:10 ; note especially אֹרַח ַחיִּים, path of life ,
in righteousness & enjoyment of God ψ 16:11 Pr 2:19 ; 5:6 ; 15:24 ( opp. שׁאוֹל ְ
), also חיִּיםַ א׳ ְל10:17 (on these cf. Str Pr 14:32 ); c. of wickedness, א׳ ָפּרִיץ
way, path of the violent ψ 17:4 , cf. also Pr 22:25 ; ִים ְשׁע
ָ א׳ רPr 4:14 ( || ) ֶדּ ֶר ְך,
א׳ בֹּ ֵצ ַע1:19 ; sq. abstr. א׳ ָשׁ֑קֶרψ 119:104 , so v 128 ( || ) פִּקּוּ ִדים, also c.
adj. ָע א׳ רψ 119:101 cf. Pr 2:15 ( ְשׁים ִ ִעקּcrooked ) called הָא׳ עוֹלָםJb 22:15 ;
note also ֵידָם א׳ אtheir destructive ways , i.e. ways that cause destruction Jb 30:12 (
cf. 19:12 ). 4. by meton. traveller, wayfarer Jb 31:32 ( cf. ך ְ ֵה ֶל2 S 12:4 ) & in pl.
caravans 6:18 , 19 ; but read perhaps ח ַ לָאֹ ֵר31:32 , אֹרְחוֹת6:18 ( v. ) ָלפַת, 19
.
† ַח אָרS 732 , 733 TWOT 161 GK 782 , 783 n.pr. m. ( traveller ? ) 1. a man of Asher
1 Ch 7:39 . 2. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:5 = Ne 7:10 ; perhaps =
אָ ַר֑חNe 6:18 .
† [ ָה
אֹ ְרחS 736
TWOT 161c
GK 785
] n. f. travelling company, caravan (
strictly Pt. of ַח
) אָר, cstr. אֹ ְרחַת Gn 37:25 ; pl. cstr. אֹרְחוֹת Is 21:13 ; cf.
also sub ַח
אֹר, 4.
†[ אָ ַר ְךS 748
TWOT 162
GK 799
, אָ ֵר ְךS 750
TWOT 162b
GK 800
] vb. be
long , almost always of time ( Assyrian arâku COT Gloss
, Aramaic ך
ְ ֲא ַר, ) — Qal Pf.
ֽאָרְכוּ Gn 26:8 ; Impf. יַאַרְכוּ Ez 12:22 ; 3 fpl. כנָה
ְ וַ ֶתּ ֱא ַרEz 31:5 ( del. B Co )—
be long , subj. ִים
( ַהיָּמi.e. a long time passed Gn 26:8 ( J ); cf. Assyrian urriku ûmî ,
days grew long , Creation Tablet a v. COT Gn 1:1 ); of delayed fulfilment of prophecy
Ez 12:22 ; subj. פֹּארֹתEz 31:5 (but cf. supr. ) Hiph. Pf. ך ְ ֶה ֱארִיPr 19:11 ;
֫וְ ַה ֲא ַר ְכ ָתּ Dt 22:7 , etc.; Impf. יַ ֲארִי ְך Dt 17:20 + ; ִיכוּ
יַ ֲארDt 25:15 ; יַ ֲארִכוּןEx 20:12
cf. Dt 5:16 ; 6:2 ; ֻן
ַתּ ֲארִיכDt 4:26 ; 30:18 , etc.; Imv. fs. ַה ֲארִיכִי Is 54:2 : Inf.
cstr. ַה ֲארִי ְךNu 9:19 , 22 ; Pt. ַמ ֲארִי ְךEc 7:15 ; 8:12 ;— 1. trans. prolong , ( a )
obj. ִים ( יָמi.e. live long) Dt 4:26 , 40 ; 5:30 ; 11:9 ; 17:20 ; 22:7 ; 30:18 ; 32:47 Jos
24:31 = Ju 2:7 ( c. ֵי = אַ ֲתרsurvive ), Pr 28:16 Is 53:10 Ec 8:13 ; also (late)
without ימיםEc 7:15 ; 8:12 ; ( b ) id. 1 K 3:14 י׳subj. ך ָ וְ ַה ֲא ַר ְכתִּי אֶת־יָמֶיI will
prolong thy days; ( c ) postpone anger Is 48:9 cf. Pr 19:11 (i.e. shew oneself slow to
anger); v. also Jb 6:11 ְשׁיִ אַ ֲארִי ְך נַפi.e. be patient; ( d ) lit. (but in fig. ) make long
furrows ( c. )ל ψ 129:3 ; tentcords Is 54:2 ; tongue 57:4 (stretch out in mockery). 2.
intrans. grow long, continue long (i.e. display length or continuance), subj. ִים
יָמEx
20:12 = Dt 5:16 ; 6:2 ; 25:15 ; tarry long Nu 9:19 , 22 (subj. ענָן
ָ ) ֶה, last (continue)
long , subj. ֵן
כּPr 28:2 ; be long (lit.) of staves of ark 1 K 8:8 2 Ch 5:9 .
֫
אֹ ֶר ְך S 753
TWOT 162a
GK 802
94 n. [ m. ] length —only sg. , א׳abs. Ex 27:1
+ ; cstr. Gn 6:15 ; רכּוֹ ְ אָEx 25:10 + ; אָ ְרכָּם2 Ch 3:11 ; אָ ְרכָּןEz 42:11 , etc.— a.
length of ark Gn 6:15 ( P ), of land of Canaan 13:17 ( J ); most often of ark & other
measurements in tabernacle & temple Ex 25:10 , 17 ; 26:2 , 8 ; 27:1 , 9 + (22
times Ex, P ), 1 K 6:2 , 3 , 20 + (13 times K & Ch), Ez 40:7 , 11 , 18 + (41
times Ez), etc. b. of time ִים א׳ יָמDt 30:20 Jb 12:12 ψ 21:5 ; 23:6 ; 91:16 ; 93:5
Pr 3:2 , 16 La 5:20 . c. פּיִם
ַאַ א׳forbearance, self-restraint , Pr 25:15 .—( Ez 31:7
S Co read רֹבfor אֹ ֶר ְך, cf. v 5 where Co del. vb. ; ארך41:22 read
prob. אדנו Sm , or אדניוCo = base .)
Zim H. Zimmern.
KAT E. Schrader, 3 rd ed. by H. Winckler and H. Zimmern.
†[ך
ְ אָ ֵרS 750
TWOT 162b
GK 800
] adj. long —only cstr. ֶ ֫א ֶר ְך Ex 34:6 + 14
times— ֶר
ָה ֵאב א׳long of pinion Ez 17:3 ( || גְּדוֹל
) ַה ְכּנָ ַפיִםof eagle, in metaph. ;
elsewhere always of feelings, as subst. Ec 7:8 ח ַ א׳ רוּthe patient of spirit ( opp.
א׳ אַ ַפּיִם ;) גְּבַהּ ר׳one slow to anger Pr 14:29 ( opp. ) ְקצַר־רוּ ַח, so 15:18 ( opp.
) אִישׁ ֵחמָה, 16:32 ( || משׁל בְּרוּחוֹ ֵ ); more often of י׳, א׳ אַ ַפּיִם, Ex 34:6 רַחוּם
וְחַנּוּן א׳ אַ ַפּיִם וְרַב־ ֶחסֶד וֶ ֱאמֶתcf. Nu 14:18 Ne 9:17 ψ 86:15 ; 103:8 ; 145:8 ;
so + ָה וְנִחָם עַל־ ָה ָרעJo 2:13 cf. Jon 4:2 (where ) אֵל, א׳ אַ ַפּיִם וּגְדוֹל כֹּ ַחNa
1:3 ; ךָ ְל ֶא ֶר ְך אַ ְפּonly Je 15:15 , א׳appar. noun; read ? אֹ ֶר ְךcf. Pr 25:15 .
†[ך
ְ ֹ אָרS 752
TWOT 162c
GK 801
] adj. long —only fs. abs. —; ֲא ֻרכָּהa. of
time, א׳ ַה ִמּ ְל ָחמָהlong war 2 S 3:1 ; of the exile Je 29:28 ; b. fig. of God’s wisdom
א׳ ֵמ ֶארֶץ ִמדָּהּJb 11:9 ( || ) ְר ָחבָה ִמנִּי־יָם.
† ֶ ֫א ֶר ְך S 751
GK 804
n.pr.loc. city in Babylonia ( Bab. Uruk ) , mod. Warka on
† אַ ְרכִּי S 757
GK 805
( deriv. unknown ) applied to חוּשׁי
adj. gent. ַ 2 S 15:32 ;
16:16 ; 17:5 , 14 1 Ch 27:33 ; with art. = n. coll. ָא׳ גְּבוּל הJos 16:2 (not far
from Bethel).
ֲארָםS 758
TWOT 163
GK 806
149 n.pr. m. Aram ( Assyrian Aramu , etc., v. Dl
Pa
257
; Thes al. proposes √ רום = ארםbut cf. Nö as below ) — 1. 5th son of Shem
Gn 10:22 , 23 1 Ch 1:17 . 2. grandson of Nahor Gn 22:21 . 3. 1 Ch 2:23 . 4. a
descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:34 .—Elsewhere only of Aramæan people & land ( = 1
supr. ), f. 2 S 8:5 m. 2 S 10:14 . a. people, sg. coll. = the Aramæans , a leading
Dn 2:4 .
ארםTWOT 164
( √ of following; cf. ) ? רום.
† אַרְמוֹן S 759
TWOT 164a
GK 810
n. m. Is 32:14 citadel — א׳abs. Je 30:18
+ ; cstr. Is 25:2 ; pl. ְנוֹת אַ ְרמabs. Am 3:9 ( ×2 ) ; cstr. 1:4 + ; אַ ְרמְנוֹתֵינוּMi
5:4 + , etc.— citadel, castle, palace , not used before royal period, mostly in
prophets, especially common in Am & Je; citadel as securely barred (in sim. ) Pr
18:19 ; ך
ְ א׳ בֵּית ַה ֶמּ ֶלi.e. the citadel, stronghold 1 K 16:18 , cf. 2 K 15:25 ; usually
more general, of castles, palaces , prominent buildings; especially used in speaking of
conquest, because the fine buildings would be especially object of attack & plunder,
palaces of Isr. Am 6:8 ; of Jerusalem Is 32:14 ( sg. coll. ) La 2:5 , 7 2 Ch 36:19
ψ 48:4 , 14 ; 122:7 cf. Ho 8:14 Mi 5:4 Am 2:5 Je 17:27 ; of Samaria Am 3:10
Kiep H. Kiepert.
, 11 ; also Je 6:5 ; 9:20 belonging to Benhadad (i.e. Aramaic) Am 1:4 Je 49:27 ;
of Tyre Is 23:13 Am 1:10 ; of Babylon Is 25:2 ( sg. coll. ), cf. 13:22 where read
אַ ְרמְנוֹתָיוfor אלמנותיוso S B Che Di ( || ; היכליםcf. Ez 19:7
according to al. ; Dl BD xi defends MT in Ez 19:7 & comp. Assyrian
almattu , fortress ); of Edom Is 34:13 , of Gaza Am 1:7 , of Rabbah 1:14 , of Bozrah
1:12 , of Kerioth 2:2 , of Ashdod 3:9 , of Egypt 3:9 .
† אַרְמֹנִי S 764
GK 813
n.pr. m. a son of Saul ( palatinus ) 2 S 21:8 .
† ֲארָן S 765
GK 814
n.pr. m. a descendant of Esau ( ? Aramaic wild-goat ) Gn
36:28 = 1 Ch 1:42 ( v. also ִישׁן
ָ ) דּ.
† I. ֶן ֫ S
אֹר 766 , 767
TWOT 165a
GK 815 , 816
n. [ m. ] fir or cedar ( Assyrian
† II. ֫
אֹרֶן S 766 , 767
TWOT 165a
GK 815 , 816
n.pr. m. ( fir-tree ) a descendant of
Judah 1 Ch 2:25 .
† אַ ְרנָן S 770
GK 820
n.pr. m. a descendant of David 1 Ch 3:21 .
† ָן
אָ ְרנS 771 GK 821 n.pr. m. a Jebusite, whose threshing-floor was bought by
David to erect an altar 1 Ch 21:15 , 18 , 20 ( ×2 ) , 21 ( ×2 ) , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 28 ,
& according to 2 Ch 3:1 became site of temple; called רוְנָה ַ ֲא2 S 24:16 f. q.v.
† אַרְנוֹן S 769
GK 818
, ְנֹן
אַרn.pr. fl. Arnon , wady & stream in Moab ( MI
ארנן, Thes Add Rob Ges MV der. from רנן, i.e. the rushing, roaring stream )
— ְנוֹן
אַרNu 21:13 ( ×2 ) , 14 + 12 times, ְנֹן
אַרNu 21:28 + 10 times—called
boundary between Moab & Amorites Nu 21:13 Ju 11:18 , 22 cf. גְּבוּל אַרְנֹןNu
22:36 ; often ְנֹן
אַר נַחַל Dt 2:24 , 36 ; 3:8 , 12 , 16 ; 4:48 2 K 10:33 ; ְנוֹן
ן׳ אַר
Jos 12:1 , 2 ; 13:9 , 16 ; ְנוֹן
אַר ַהנְּ ָחלִיםNu 21:14 ; i.e. the stream-ravines that unite
to form Arnon, cf. Di : also ְנֹן
בַּמוֹת אַרheights of Arnon Nu 21:28 ; מעברות
אַרְנוֹןfords of ArnonIs 16:2 ; elsewhere Nu 21:13 , 24 , 26 Ju 11:13 , 18 , 26 ;
syn. of Moab Je 48:20 ; ( cf. Tristr Moab 125 f. ; mod. Môjib )
אֲרוֹן S 727
TWOT 166a
GK 778
, c. art. ָאָרוֹן
ה, הָאָרֹן203 n. m. Ex 35 , 12 (
f. 1 S 4 , 17 ; 2 Ch 8 , 11 ) chest, ark ( Ph. ארן, sarcophagus , Assyrian êrênu
(& êrû ) chest Zim , Arabic chest , so Aramaic also Nab. ארנא, Vog p. 102 ,
BP 6, 22
Ph. Mish. also pl. — ) ארונותonly sg. ; abs. † ֲרוֹן א2 K 12:10 = 2 Ch 24:8 ;
c. art. ָאָרוֹן
הDt 10:2 + always except Ex Lv Nu where ( הָאָרֹןEx 25:14 ( ×2 ) + 13
times Ex, Lv 16:2 Nu 3:31 ; 10:35 ); cstr. ֲרוֹן אEx 25:10 + , † אֲרֹןEx 30:6
Nu 4:5 ; 7:89 ;— † 1. chest , for money-offerings 2 K 12:10 , 11 2 Ch 24:8 , 10 ,
11 ( ×2 ) . † 2. sarcophagus, mummy-case , of Joseph Gn 50:26 ( E ). 3. chest, ark in
tabernacle & temple, containing tables of law, with cherubim above, the especially
seat of י׳among his people, only Hex (71 times) S (61 times) K (12 times) & Ch
(48 times) + Ju 20:27 Je 3:16 ψ 132:8 ; used alone & in various combinations ( cf.
Seyring ZAW 1891, 114 f. ). a. indef. ִים
אֲרוֹן ֲעצֵי ִשׁטּan ark of shittim-wood Ex 25:10
Dt 10:3 cf. v 1 . b. def. ָא׳
הEx 25:14 + 54 times ( Hex P , except Jos JE; S K
Ch). c. יהוה א׳Jos 4:11 + 32 times Jos (JED) S K Ch. d. † אֱלֹהִים א׳1 S 3:3 ;
4:11 ; ִים א׳ ָהאֱלֹה1 S 4:13 + 32 times S Ch (but 1 S 14:18 ( ×2 ) read ָהאֵפוֹד
We Dr ), cf. ֵינוּ † א׳ אֱלֹה1 Ch 13:3 . e. ִשׂ ָראֵל ְ א׳ אלהי י1 S 5:7 + 6 times S,
term used only by Philistines; ֵל ִשׂ ָרא
ְ † א׳ יהוה אלהי י1 Ch 15:12 , 14 ; א׳ יהוה
† אֱלֹהֵיכֶםJos 4:5 (JE); † אֲדֹנָי יהוה א׳1 K 2:26 ; † א׳ יהוה אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ
Jos 3:13 (JED) cf. א׳ ] הברית [ אדון כל־הארץv 11 , where ( הבריתc. art. is
prob. interpol., v. Di ; only once & late the long phrase ָא־שׁם ֵ ֲשׁר נִ ְקר
ֶ ַהכְּרוּבִים א
יוֹשׁב
ֵ א׳ האלהים יהוה1 Ch 13:6 . f. in combination with ְבּרִית, largely D &
under D ’s influence; ִית ארון ַה ְבּרark of the covenant † Jos 3:6 ( ×2 ) , 8 ; 4:9 ; 6:6
(all JED); ִית יהוה א׳ ְבּרNu 10:33 ; 14:44 (both J ) Dt 10:8 ; 31:9 , 25 Jos 4:7 ,
18 ; 6:8 ; 8:33 Je 3:16 + 17 times S K Ch; once longer ישׁב ֵ א׳ ְבּרִית י׳ ְצבָאוֹת
† ַה ְכּ ֻרבִים1 S 4:4 ; also † א׳ ְבּרִית ָהאֱלֹהִיםJu 20:27 1 S 4:4 2 S 15:24 1 Ch
16:6 ; & ִית י׳ אלהיכם א׳ ְבּרDt 31:26 Jos 3:3 . g. אֲרוֹן ָהעֵדוּתark of the
testimony , only in P , corresponding to ִית ( א׳ ְבּרcf. Di on Ex 25:16 ), Ex 25:22
+ 8 times Ex, † Nu 4:5 ; 7:89 Jos 4:16 . h. † ַקֹּדֶשׁ א׳ ה2 Ch 35:3 . i. ֑ א׳ ֻעזֶּ ָךthe
ark of thy strength 2 Ch 6:41 ψ 132:8 .—( Cf. also tables given by Seyring l.c. &
his theory as to earliest designation of ark.)
אַ ְרנֶ֫בֶת S 768
TWOT 123a
GK 817
v. אנב.
ארניה v. ֲא ַרוְנָה.
† ְשׁד
ַ אַ ְר ַפּכ S 775
GK 823
n.pr. m. 3rd son of Shem א׳Gn 10:22 , 24 ; 11:12 ,
13 1 Ch 1:17 , 18 , 24 ; ְשׁ֑ד
ָ אַ ְר ַפּכGn 11:10 , 11 ; doubtless a geogr. name (
deriv. & meaning dub. , Thes der. from boundary (stem define, limit ), cf. also
Ethiopic wall , + ֶשׂד = כשׁדֶ כּ, i.e. Chaldean; so Schr COT Gn 10:22 who
identifies with Babylonia ( cf. Gn 11:12 f. & ַשׂדִּים
ְ אוּר כּv 28 , 31 ); v. another
interpr. Dl Pa 255 , according to most = Arrapachitis on Upper Zab, NE. from
Nineveh, Assyrian Arbaḫa , Armen. Albak Lag Armen. Stud. 55 & reff. so Bö MV , Di
Gn 10:22 Lag Sy i. 54 Nö ZMG 1882, 182 ; but Assyrian Arbaḫa is unfavourable to this
).
ֶ ֫ארֶץS 776
TWOT 167
GK 824
2407 n. f. Gn 10:11 & ( seld. ) m. Ez 21:24 earth,
Bö S. Bochart.
5:8 cf. Gn 7:11 ; personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Dt 32:1
Je 6:19 ; 22:29 Is 1:2 Mi 1:2 Jb 16:18 . c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gn 6:11 ;
11:1 1 K 2:2 ; 10:24 ψ 33:8 ; 66:4 + cf. ֵל א׳ ֵתּבPr 8:31 Jb 37:12 . 2. land = a.
country, territory, ָר א׳ ִשׁנְעGn 10:10 , א׳ ִמ ְצ ַריִם21:21 ; cf. also 10:11 ; 11:28 , 31 ;
13:10 ; 47:6 , 27 ; 50:8 Is 7:18 ; 23:1 , 13 ; 27:13 ψ 78:12 Je 25:20 1 Ch 1:43 ;
personif. Is 62:4 Ec 10:16 , 17 . b. district, region Gn 19:28 ; 22:2 Jos 11:3 ψ 42:7 .
c. tribal territory Dt 34:2 Ju 21:21 1 S 9:4 , 16 ; 13:7 1 K 15:20 Is 8:23 ; and still
smaller territories 1 S 9:4 , 5 . d. piece of ground Gn 23:15 . e. specif. land of Canaan,
or Israel Gn 11:31 ; 12:1 , 5 , 6 , 7 ; 31:3 Lv 14:34 Dt 17:14 ; 18:9 2 K 5:2 , 4 + ;
especially obj. of ַשׁ יָרpossess Dt 3:20 + often Dt ψ al. ; so after נָחַלJos 19:49 + ;
נָתַן Dt 1:21 + . f. = inhabitants of land Lv 19:29 Ez 14:13 + cf. Dt 24:4 Zc 12:12
etc. g. used even of Sh ’ôl Jb 10:21 , 22 ( cf. Assyrian irṣit la târat , land without
return , in Descent of Ishtar, v. Jr 10 , 65 ); v. also ψ 139:15 Is 44:23 . 3. a. ground ,
surface of ground = ָה ֲא ָדמq.v. Gn 1:26 , 30 ; 18:2 ; 33:3 ; 38:9 Ex 4:3 ; 16:14
Ru 2:10 1 S 5:4 + very often in S. b. soil , as productive = ָה ֲא ָדמGn 1:11 , 12 Lv
19:9 ; 25:19 ; 26:4 cf. Nu 14:7 , 8 Is 36:17 = 2 K 18:32 ψ 72:6 , 16 ; 107:34 ,
35 Ezr 9:12 Ne 9:35 . 4. ֶץ ֶארin phrases: a. people of the land עַם־הָא׳of non-
Israelites Gn 23:7 , 12 , 13 ( P ) Nu 14:9 (JE); as well as Isr. Lv 20:4 ( H ) 2 K 15:5
; 16:15 ; 21:24 ( ×2 ) ; especially common people, opp. officials, princes Lv 4:27 ( P )
Ez 7:27 2 K 11:18 , 19 . † b. in measurements of distance, ָא׳ ִכּ ְברַת הthe space or
distance of country ( v. ) כּברה Gn 35:16 , so א׳ ִכּ ְברַתsome distance Gn 48:7 2 K
5:19 . c. ִישׁוֹר
ַהמּ ֶארֶץthe country of the plain, level or plain country Dt 4:33 Je 48:21 ;
א׳ מִישׁוֹרfig. ψ 143:10 (but read אֹרַחS Bi Gr Che , cf. ψ 27:11 ). d. א׳ ַחיִּים
land of the living ψ 27:13 ; חיִּיםַ א׳ ַהψ 142:6 + . e. ְקצֵה הָא׳end ( s ) of the earth Is
42:10 ; 43:6 ( || ָחוֹק ) רψ 135:7 Pr 17:24 , so אַ ְפסֵי א׳Pr 30:4 + ; קְצוֹת הָא׳Is
40:28 ; 41:5 , 9 . 5. pl. ָצוֹת ֲארis almost wholly late, Je 16:15 + 6 times Je; 23 times
Ez; Is 36:20 ; 37:11 = 2 K 18:35 ; 19:11 ( Is 37:18 read ַגּוֹיִם הv. Che Di & cf.
2 K 19:17 ); 22 times Chr; Dn 9:7 ; 11:40 , 42 ; ψ 105:44 ; 106:27 ; 107:3 ; 116:9 ;
besides these only P Gn 10:5 , 20 , 31 Lv 26:36 , 39 , except Gn 26:3 , 4 ( J R )
41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries , often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations ,
etc., v. especially abs. Ez 20:32 ; 22:4 ; = the various petty divisions of Canaan
afterward united under Israel’s control Gn 26:3 , 4 , cf. 1 Ch 13:2 ֵל ִשׂ ָרא
ְ אַרְצוֹת י, 2
Ch 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.
† אַ ְרצָא S 777
GK 825
n.pr. m. chamberlain of Zimri 1 K 16:9 .
[ ַר
אָרS 779
TWOT 168
GK 826
] vb. curse ( Assyrian arâru Zim BP 68
; on
relation of meanings bind & curse in Assyrian v. Dl ) —Qal Pf. 1 s. וְאָרוֹ ִת֫י
Pr 101
,ה
ָ אָרוֹתִיMal 2:2 ; Impf. 2 ms. תָּאֹר Ex 22:27 Nu 22:6 , 12 ; אָאֹרGn 12:3 ;
Imv. ֫אָרָה־Nu 22:6 ; 23:7 ; אוֹרוּ, & אֹרוּInf. abs. אָרוֹרall Ju 5:23 ; Pt.
אֹ ְררֵיJb 3:8 ; אֹ ְררֶי ָךGn 27:29 Nu 24:9 ; אָרוּרGn 3:14 + 36 times etc.;—
curse || ך
ְ ֵבּ ֵרbless , chiefly in poetic & legal sources of JED & later imitations: Gn
12:3 ; 27:29 ( J ) Nu 22:6 , 12 ; 23:7 ; 24:9 ( E ) Ex 22:27 ( E ) Mal 2:2 ; אֹרוּ
ְ = אָרוֹרcurse for ever her inhabitants Ju 5:23 ; אֹ ְררֵי יוֹםcursers of the
ישׁבֶי ָה
day (magicians whose imprecations made days unlucky) Jb 3:8 . Pt. pass. אָרוּר,
chiefly as exclamation, || ך ְ בָּרוּGn 3:14 , 17 ; 4:11 ; 9:25 ; 27:29 ; 49:7 Nu 24:9
( E , poet.) Dt 27:15–26 Ju 21:18 1 S 14:24 , 28 ; 26:19 Je 11:3 ; 17:5 ; 20:14 ,
15 ; 48:10 ( ×2 ) Mal 1:14 ; ך
ָ אֲרוּרִים הַשֹּׁגִים ִמ ִמּצְוֹתֶיcursed be those who wander
from thy commands ψ 119:21 ( S Jer De Ri ), ָהאֲרוּרָה הַזֹּאתthis cursed
woman 2 K 9:34 . † Niph. Pt. ִים נֵאָרcursed Mal 3:9 . † Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf.
ֵא ֲררָהּcurse, lay under a curse Gn 5:29 ( J ); Pt. ַה ַמּיִם ַהמְאָ ְררִיםthe curse-
bringing waters Nu 5:18–27 ( P 6 times waters destroying the perjured adulteress
֑ be cursed Nu 22:6 ( E ).
drinking them). † Hoph. Impf. יוּאָר
†[ אָרַשׂ S 781 TWOT 170 GK 829 ] vb. betroth ( Mish. ארס, Ph. ארשin n.pr.
, Lag Sem i. 50 connects with Arabic a fine , lit. pay the price , & so gain the right of
possession; cf. Aramaic ִיס אָרone who farms land; Assyrian mirsu, tribute , Zehnpf
BAS i. 518
) —only Pi. Pu. ; Pi. Pf. 3 ms. ֵארַשׂDt 20:7 ; ַשׂתִּי
ְ ֵאר2 S 3:14 ; sf.
ַשׂתִּי ְך
ְ ֵארHo 2:21 ( ×2 ) , 22 ; Impf. 2 ms. תְּאָרֵשׂDt 28:30 ;— betroth (subj. man)
obj. woman, ִשּׁה ָ אDt 20:7 ; 28:30 ; sq. בof price paid to father & לof husband 2 S
3:14 ; בof gift to bride & לof husband Ho 2:21 , 22 , where fig. of Yahweh’s
Zehnpf R. Zehnpfund.
אֹ ָר֑ ָשׂהbe betrothed , c. לֹא, subj. בְּתוּלָהEx
covenant mercy to Israel. Pu. Pf. 3 fs.
22:15 Dt 22:28 ( ;) נער בתולהPt. f. ָשׂהָ מְאֹרDt 22:23 , where affirmed of נער
( בתולהsq. לof husband) v 25 , 27 (in both subj. ) ַהנַּ ֲע ָ ֯ר.
ְשׁ ְשׂתָּא
ַ אַ ְר ַתּח S 783
GK 831
n.pr. m. Artaxertex ( Pers. Artakhshatrâ , Spieg
APK 68, 207
Αρταξερξης , cf. BeRy on Ezr 4:23 ; 7:1 f. Ne 1:1 ) א׳ Ezr 4:7
v. BD ; ְא
102
ְשׁ ְשׂתּ
ַ אַ ְר ַתּחEzr 4:7 , 23 , ְשׁ ְס ְתּא
ַ אַ ְר ַתּחEzr 7:1 , 11 ; 8:1 Ne 2:1 ;
5:14 ; 13:6 ; Artaxerxes I , or Longimanus , son & successor of Xerxes, regined B.C.
465–424.
† ֲשׂ ְראֵל
ַא S 840
GK 832
n.pr. m. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:16 ( the latter
element in this & foll. may be ֵל
אGod , but meaning of former part dub. Thes
comp. אסרbind, quem Deus obligavit sc. voto ) .
† ֲשׂ ְר ֵא֫לָה
ַא S 841
GK 833
n.pr. m. a son of Asaph 1 Ch 25:2 cf. ְשׂ ְר ֵא֫לָה
ַי v
14 .
† ֵל
אַשׂרִיא
ְ S 844 GK 835 n.pr. m. a Manassite ( Thes votum Dei , cf. supr. )
Nu 26:31 Jos 17:2 1 Ch 7:14 .
† אַשׂ ִר ֵאלִי
ְ S 845
GK 834
adj. gent. הָא׳as n. coll. Nu 26:31
Kenn B. Kennicott.
145 u (or 121 b)
: cf. Albr ZAW xvi (1896), 63
. fire ( Assyrian išatu COT Gloss
, Syriac , deriv.
from II. אנשׁ, , sociable, friendly element ( MV Wetzst in De Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888
Lag BN
68
cf. ), improb. especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh prob. secondary; cf. also Sta §
189 b
) — א׳abs. Ex 9:24 + ; cstr. Lv 6:2 + ( seld. ); † sf. אִשּׁוֹDt 4:36 Jb 18:5 ;
ֶשׁכֶם
ְא Is 50:11 ; ִשּׁם
ָ אIs 66:24 ;— 1. fire , of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering
or destroying crops ִים
קֹצ ֵתּצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָֽצְאָה ( ַה ְסּנֶה בֹּעֵר ָבּאֵשׁboth
Ex 22:5 cf. 3:2
E ); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, especially ֵשׁ
ָבּ ( ָשׂרַף ָבּאc. qam.
preton.) obj. golden calf Ex 32:20 ( J ), other idols Dt 7:5 , 25 , Asherim 12:3 ,
chariots Jos 11:6 , 9 2 K 23:11 , house Ju 12:1 ; 14:15 , tower 9:52 , city-gates Ne
1:3 ; 2:3 , 13 , 17 , city Jos 6:24 Ju 18:27 cf. Is 1:7 + ; also בְּ ִשׁלַּח אֵשׁAm 1:4 ,
7 , 10 + ; ֵשׁ
ָבּא † ִשׁלַּח אֶת־ ָהעִירJu 1:8 ; 20:48 cf. 2 K 8:12 ; ִהצִּית אֶת־ ָהעִיר
ָבּאֵשׁ Jos 8:8 , 19 ֵשׁ ב׳ הץ׳ אJe 17:27 + ; cf. Ju 9:49 2 S 14:30 , 31 (of field, cf.
Ex 22:5 supr. ). 2. of supernatural fire, attending theophany Ex 3:2 ; 19:18 (both JE)
Dt 4:11 , 12 , 15 , 33 , 36 + ; specif. ֵשׁ עַמּוּד ( ָה)אEx 13:21 , 22 ; 14:24 (all JE) Ne
9:12 , 19 cf. Dt 1:33 ( v. ַמ ְראֵה־אֵשׁ Nu 9:15 , 16 P ); of destructive fire from י׳
Nu 11:1 , 2 , 3 ( J ) 26:10 ( P ) Lv 10:2 ( P ); cf. ֶת א׳ אֹ ֶכלin sim. of Yahweh’s
glory Ex 24:17 ( E ) Dt 4:24 ; 9:3 ; v. also 1 K 18:24 , 38 2 K 1:10 ( ×2 ) , 12 ( ×2 ) ,
14 Jb 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended), cf. further of lightning Ex 9:23 , 24 (JE) ψ
18:13 , 14 ; 148:8 etc. 3. fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. ֵשׁ ְצלִי אroasted at a
fire Ex 12:8 , 9 ( P ) cf. Lv 2:14 2 Ch 35:13 Is 44:16 , 19 ; of tinder for lighting fire
Gn 22:6 , 7 ( E ); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Ex 32:24 ; for
refining Je 6:29 , where read with Qr ֶת ; ֵמאֵשׁ תַּם עֹפָֽרcf. Mal 3:2 ( sim. of
purifying work of messenger of cov’t). 4. especially of altar-fire Lv 1:7 ( ×2 ) ; 6:2 , 3 , 5
, 16 + ; in offering incense Lv 10:1 , also ָה אֵשׁ זָרstrange fire , i.e. an incense not
commanded, offered presumptuously 10:1 Nu 3:4 ; 26:61 ; fire from י׳consuming
sacrifice ( cf. 2 Lv 9:24 2 Ch 7:1 , 3 ; of fire in child-sacrifice (usually ( ל
ְ) ֶה ֱעבִיר בֵּן
) ָבּאֵשׁ2 K 16:3 ; 21:6 cf. 17:17 ; 23:10 2 Ch 33:6 ; also שׂרף בָּא׳2 K 17:31 ,
בער בָּא׳2 Ch 28:3 . 5. fig. of Yahweh’s anger ψ 89:47 ( sim. ) cf. Na 1:6 La 2:4
אֵשׁ־ ֶל ְב ָרתִיEz 21:36 ; 22:31 ; 38:19 , אֵשׁ־ ִקנְאָתִיEz 36:5 ; v. also Is 66:15 ψ 79:5
etc.; of word of י׳Je 23:29 ; fig. of outbursting emotion ψ 39:4 ; of flagrant wickedness
Is 9:17 , etc. 6. in various combinations, ֵשׁ ַלפִּיד אGn 15:17 ( J ) a torch of fire ( cf. Di
); ֵשׁ ַלבַּת־אEx 3:2 flame of fire , ַלהַב אֵשׁJo 2:5 , ( ַלפִּידֵי אֵשׁin sim. ) Dn 10:6 cf.
Zc 12:6 , ֲבוֹת אֵשׁ ַלהψ 29:7 ַל ֲהבֵי אֵשׁIs 66:15 cf. א׳ ֶלהָבוֹתψ 105:32 , נֹגַהּ א׳
ֶל ָהבָהIs 4:5 cf. Ho 7:6 ; ְשׂבִיב אִשּׁוֹspark of his fire Jb 18:5 cf. כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ41:11 ;
תַּנּוּר אֵשׁψ 21:10 oven of fire , כִּיּוֹר אֵשׁZc 12:6 ; אוֹר אֵשׁlight of fire ψ 78:14 ; אֵשׁ
Albr K. Albretch.
לֹהֵטflaming fire ψ 104:4 ; ֵשׁ
א לְשׁוֹן Is 5:24 tongue of fire , ֵשׁ
א ַגּ ֲחלֵי Ez 1:13 coals
of fire , so 10:2 , cf. ִשׁפֵּי אֵשׁ
ְר Ct 8:6 ; on ֵשׁ
א
אַ ְבנֵיEz 28:14 , 16 v. אֵשׁ דַּת ; ֶאבֶן
Dt 33:2 , lit. fire of a law , or fire was a law , but דָּתlaw is Pers. & late; read perhaps
אֵשׁ [ ַל ִפּ]דֹתcf. Ex 20:18 or אֵשׁ [יֹ ֶק]דֶתcf. Is 65:5 .
† [ ֶשּׁה
ָ ] אn. f. id. Je 6:29 Kt (מ)אשׁתםi.e. from their fire , but Qr ֵמאֵשׁ תַּם,
v. sub ֵשׁ
א.
ִשּׁה
ֶא S 801
TWOT 172a
GK 852
n. m. Jos 13 , 14 an offering made by fire ( >
Wetzst in De Psalmen., ed. 4, 889
der. from √ II. אנשׁ, means to friendly relations betw.
God & man; cf. Lag BN 190
) ִשּׁה
ֵ אLv 1:9 + 14 times
Ex 29:18 + 32 times; cstr.
pl. cstr. שּׁיֵ ִאLv 4:35 ; 24:9 + 15 times; sf. ִשּׁיַ אNu 28:2 , ִשּׁ֑י
ָ אLv 6:10 ; used
chiefly of offerings of animals, but also of the ָה
ִמנְחLv 2:11 , and of the sacred
bread and frankincense Lv 24:7 which was placed on the table as a memorial, and
finally went to the priests. The word is used in Dt 18:1 Jos 13:14 ( D ) 1 S 2:28 ;
elsewhere in P Lv 6:10 ; 10:15 ; 22:22 Nu 28:2 , 3 , especially in phrases יהוה
ִשּׁי
ֵ אLv 2:3 + 11 times ִשּׂה רֵי ַח נִיחֹ ַח ליהוה
ֶ אLv 1:9 + 14 times, ריח ניחח אשׁה
ליהוהEx 29:18 + 6 times, ליהוה ריח ניחח אשׁהLv 23:13 , אשׁה לריח ניחחLv
3:16 Nu 18:17 , אשׁה (הוא) ליהוהEx 29:25 Lv 2:16 ; ִשּׁה ליהוה ֶ אacc. after
verbs of offering Ex 30:20 + 14 times, ִשּׁה ֶ עֹלָה ליהוה אNu 28:19 , ִשּׁה
ֶ ָק ְרבָּן א
ליהוהLv 22:27 Nu 15:25 .
† אִשׁ S 786
TWOT 173
GK 838
2 S 14:19 Mi 6:10 , softer form for the usual ( יֵשׁ
q.v. ) there is, are . ( Cf. Aramaic ַי
ִאת, Arabic ; and on the softening of ye, yi to ’ î ,
see Ew § 53 c
Ol p. 425
Nö § 40 c
).
† אַשׁבֵּל
ְ S 788
GK 839
n.pr. m. ( = אַשׁ ְבּאֵל
ְ ? so Thes ; more likely ַל
ֶשׁ ַבּע
ְ) א
2nd son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 ( Ασβηλ ) Nu 26:38 ( Ασυβηρ ) 1 Ch
8:1 ( B Σαβα , A & L Ασβηλ ).
† אַשׁ ֵבּלִי
ְ S 789
GK 840
adj. gent. הָא׳as n. coll. Nu 26:38 .
† ֶשׁבָּן
ְא S 790
GK 841
n.pr. m. a chief of Edom Gn 36:26 1 Ch 1:41 ( etym.
dub. , Ασβαν, Εσεβαν, Ασεβων . )
ֶשׁ ַבּעַל
ְא S 792
GK 843
v. ִישׁ־בֹּשׁת
ֶ א.
אשׁדTWOT 174
( √ of following, cf. prob. Assyrian išdu , foundation . )
† ֶ ֫א ֶשׁד S 793
TWOT 174a
GK 845
n. [ m. ] foundation, bottom, lower part
† [ ָה
ֲשׁד
ֵ אS 794
TWOT 174b
GK 844
] n. f. foundation , (mountain-) slope ( cf.
supr. ) —only pl. abs. ֲשׁדוֹת ֵ אJos 10:40 ; 12:8 ; cstr. אַשׁדּוֹת ְ Jos 12:3 ; 13:20 ;
אַשׁדֹּת
ְ Dt 3:17 ; 4:49 — mountain-slopes Jos 10:40 ; ההר והנגב והשׁפלה והא׳
12:8 ( || id. + ;) מדברelsewhere defined ַת א׳
ַה ִפּ ְסגָּה ַתּחDt 3:17 ; 4:49 Jos 12:3
cf. 13:20 .
† אַשׁדּוֹד
ְ S 795
GK 846
n.pr.loc. Ashdod ( Assyrian Asdudu , COT
Gloss
Dl Pa
289
; Thes MV der. from √ שׁדדq.v. ) a powerful city of the Philistines on
Mediterr. Sea, W. from Jerusalem, modern Esdûd , Jos 11:22 ; 15:46 , 47 (where
assigned to Judah) 1 S 5:5 , 6 (but del. Dr cf. 6:17 Am 1:8 ; 3:9 Zp 2:4
Zc 9:6 Is 20:1 Je 25:20 2 Ch 26:6 ; c. ָ — הloc. 1 S 5:1 Is 20:1 ; ְשׁי א׳ ֵ אַנ 1
S 5:7 ; appar. = territory of Ashdod 2 Ch 26:6 ְאַשׁדּוֹד
ְ וַיְִּבנֶה ָערִים בּ. ( Cf.
Survey J , 442 .)
† אַשׁדּוֹדִי
ְ S 796
GK 847
adj. gent. Ashdodite , ָא׳
הn. sg. coll. Jos 13:3 ;
usually pl. אַשׁדּוֹדִים
ְ ) ( ָה1 S 5:3 , 6 Ne 4:1 , and as adj. f. ָשׁים אשׁדודיות
ִנ Ne
13:23 Kt ( Qr ִיּוֹת
אַשׁ ֳדּד
ְ ).
† אַשׁדּוֹדִית
ְ S 797
GK 848
adv. in the language of Ashdod i.e. Philistines Ne
13:24 ְמ ַדבֵּר א׳.
אשׁהTWOT 175
( √ of foll. ) .
TP Tiglath-Pileser.
† [ אָשׁיָה
ְ S 803
TWOT 175a
GK 853 , 859
] 1. n. f. wall, bulwark ( Talm אָשׁיתָא
ִ
(levy Nö ); Mand. אשיתאwall Nö ; pl. sf. ָא
ֲשׁי ָתה
M 113
ִ ( אDalm WB
אָשׁיָ ַתהָא
ְ ) Je 50:15 , אשיתנאCt 2:9 ; Arabic column, support is loan-word
according to Frä 11 ) ;—only pl. sf. bulwarks of city of Babylon. 2. n. f.
(support) buttress ( Arabic column, support . AW Nö M 113 , Assyrian asîtu pillar
) only pl. sf. buttresses of city of Babylon Je 50:15 אשׁויתיהKt , אָשׁיוֹתֶי ָה
ְ Qr (
|| ה
ָ ) חוֹמוֹתֶי.
יֹאשׁיָּ֫הוּ
ִ S 2977
GK 3288
, יֹאשׁיָּה
ִ S 2977
GK 3287
n.pr. m. ( י׳supporteth ) 1.
יֹאשׁיָּהוּ
ִ king of Judah, son of Amon 1 K 13:2 2 K 21:24 , 26 + 11 times K , + 19
times Ch, + 17 times Je + Zp 1:1 ; also שׁיָּהוּ ֯
ִ יֹאו Je 27:1 . 2. יֹאשׁיָּה
ִ a returned
exile Zc 6:10 .
ִשּׁה
ָא S 802
TWOT 137a
GK 851
v. sub III. אנשׁ. ִשּׁה
ֶ אv. sub אֵשׁ.
אֱשׁוּן S 380
TWOT 83b
GK 854
Qr Pr 20:20 v. אִישׁוֹןsub אישׁ.
אַשּׁוּר n.pr. gent. & terr. Asshur, Assyria ( Assyrian Aššur , land & Dl
Pa 252
COT on Gn 2:14 ; Pers. Athura Syriac on the connection with name of god Ašur ,
& with √ ישׁר = אשׁרgood, gracious , cf. COT l.c. ; v. also Jen ZA 1886, 1 f. Schr
Nö ib. 268 f. ) 1. Asshur as person, 2nd son of Shem Gn 10:22 ( P , in table of
ib. 209 f.
nations) 1 Ch 1:17 . 2. people of Asshur (often as invading army & even world-
power) Nu 24:22 , 24 (poem of Balaam) Ho 12:2 ; 14:4 Is 10:5 ; 14:25 ; 19:23 (
×2 )
, 24 , 25 ; 23:13 ; 30:31 ; 31:8 ; 52:4 La 5:6 ; Ez 23:5 ; 27:23 ; 32:22 (here
fem. ) Zc 10:11 ; ψ 83:9 perhaps read גְּשׁוּר, cf. 2 S 2:9 sub ִי ; אֲשׁוּרor (if ψ 83
be late) regard ( אַשּׁוּרlike ֵק ֲע ָמלib .) as used because of ancient significance;
sometimes personified as one Is 10:5 Ez 31:3 (but del. Co q.v. ), cf. also Mi
5:4 , 5 Zp 2:13 ; חנֵה א׳ֲ ַמ2 K 19:25 = Is 37:36 ; ְבּנֵי א׳Ez 16:28 ; 23:7 , 9 ,
12 , 23 . 3. land of Assyria Gn 2:14 ; 10:11 Ho 5:13 ; 7:11 ; 8:9 ; 9:3 ; 10:6 Is
11:11 , 16 ; 19:23 Je 2:18 , 36 Mi 7:12 Zc 10:10 ; ָה ֫ Gn 25:18 Is 19:23
אַשּׁוּר
2 K 15:29 ; 17:6 , 23 ; 18:11 ; אַשּׁוּר ֶארֶץ Is 7:18 ; 27:13 Ho 11:11 Mi 5:5 . 4.
especially ך
ְ ֶמ ֶל אַשּׁוּר Is 8:4 ; 10:12 ; 20:1 , 4 , 6 (prob. gloss Is 7:17 , 20 ; 8:7 )
2 K 15:19 + 41 times 2 K; 14 times Is 36–38 ; 1 Ch 5:6 ( אַשּׁר ֻ ) + 13 times Ch;
also Je 50:17 , 18 Na 13:18 Ezr 4:2 ; (only Ezr 6:22 of Persian or any king not
strictly Assyrian); note also ך א׳
ְ ַה ֶמּ ֶלIs 36:8 , 16 ( א׳perhaps gloss, cf. Di who
† ִם אַשּׁוּרn.pr. gent. pl. an Arab tribe traced back to Abraham & Keturah Gn
25:3 cf. Di .
† אֲשׁוּרִי S 805
GK 856
adj. gent. הָא׳as n. coll. 2 S 2:9 , but read perhaps
ַהגְּשׁוּרִי q.v. , cf. also We Dr ; Köh Klo al. read ִי
ֽשׁר
ֵ & ָהאָcomp. Ju 1:32 .
אַשׁחוּר
ְ S 806
GK 858
v. שׁחר.
ְ ֶ ֫א ֶשׁS
†[ך 810
TWOT 177
GK 863
] n. [ m. ] testicle ( Syriac , Ethiopic etym.
ְ אָ֑ ֶשׁ
unknown ) only ך מְרוֹ ַח Lv 21:20 .
† ֶשׁכֹּל
ְא S 812
GK 866
n.pr. 1. m. an Amorite, brother of Mamre, dwelling in
neighbourhood of Hebron Gn 14:13 , 24 . 2. in combination ֶשׁכֹּל
ְא נַחַל Nu 13:23
Dt 1:24 ; ֶשׁכּוֹל
ְא ן׳ Nu 13:24 , 32:9 ;— valley of Eschol , = valley of a cluster ,
region of Hebron ( cf. 13:22 ); in 13:24 der. from א׳cluster , q.v. ; see however Di
ad loc.
אַשׁ ְכּנַז
ְ S 813
GK 867
n.pr. m. 1. a descendant of Japhet Gn 10:3 = 1 Ch 1:6 ; =
2. a northern people Je 51:27 כּ ֑נָז ְ ( ַמ ְמלְכוֹת ֲא ָררָט ִמנִּי וְאַ ְשׁperhaps a people of
Bithynia, = Ascan ( ians ) + az ending of Armen. patronymics, v. especially Len
Or. ii. 388 f.
. also Lag Ges Abhandl. 254 f. Di Gn 10:3 ; but v. Lag Armen. Stud. 143 ) .
ֶשׁכָּר
ְא S 814
GK 868
v. II. שׁכר.
אשׁלTWOT 179
( be firm, firmly rooted , cf. Arabic be firm ) .
† ֵ ֫א ֶשׁל S 815
TWOT 179a
GK 869
n. m. tamarisk-tree ( Arabic Sab. אתֿל
Sab.Denkm. 65
cf. DHM BS ii. 958
; on an Aramaic ָא
אַ ְתלv. Löw No. 38
; cf.
Tristr ) planted by Abraham Gn 21:33 ( J ); in 1 S 22:6 Saul is dwelling
FFP 250
ֵשׁל ָבּ ָרמָה
ֶ ; ַבּנִּ ְבעָה ַתּחַת־ ָהא31:13 Saul and his sons are buried ; ַתּחַת־הָא׳it was
perhaps a sacred tree, marking shrine.
† אָשׁם
ַ S 816
TWOT 180
GK 870
, אָשׁם
ֵ S 818
TWOT 180a
GK 872
vb. offend,
be guilty ( Arabic peccavit , offence , , requital, fault, mulct , cf. Ethiopic : ) — Qal Pf.
אָשׁם ַ Lv 5:19 Nu 5:7 ; אָשׁם
ֵ Hb 1:11 + 7 times; ֽשׁמָה ֑ ָ Pr 30:10 ;
ְ אָNu 5:6 ; אָשׁ ְמ ָתּ
אָשׁ ְמ ְתּ ֑ ֵ Lv 4:13 ; Impf. ְשׁם
ַ Ez 22:4 ; אָשׁמוּ ַ יֶאHo 4:15 + 13 times; Inf. abs. אָשֹׁם
Lv 5:19 ; אָשׁוֹםEz 25:12 ;— 1. commit an offence, a trespass, do a wrong , or an injury
, with לְ : אָשׁם ליהוה
ַ אָשֹׁםhe hath done a great wrong to Yahweh (in violating the
commands) Lv 5:19 ( P ); אָשׁם לוַֹ ֲשׁרֶ וְנָתַן ַלאand he shall give it (restitution) to him
to whom he did wrong Nu 5:7 ( P ), cf. 2 Ch 19:10 , 10 ; ְשׁמוּ אָשׁוֹם ְ וַיֶּאand they
committed lasting wrong (irreparable wrong, the Edomites against Judah) Ez 25:12 . 2.
be or become guilty Ju 21:22 Je 50:7 Ho 4:15 Hb 1:11 ; in offences requiring sin-
offering Lv 4:13 , 22 , 27 ( P ), of trespass-offering Lv 5:2 , 3 , 17 , 23 Nu 5:6 ( P
); with לguilty of Lv 5:4 , 5 ( P ), with בin or through Ez 22:4 Ho 13:1 . 3. be held
guilty, bear punishment ψ 34:22 , 23 Pr 30:10 Is 24:6 Je 2:3 Ho 5:15 ; 10:2 ; 14:1
Zc 11:5 Ez 6:6 (but cf. ֵם ) ָשׁמ. Niph. ְשׁמוּ
ָ נֶאsuffer punishment Jo 1:18 . ( si vera l. ;
Me We al. ָשׁמּוּ ַ נ, √ שׁמם, cf. Dr ad loc
). Hiph. Impf. sf. ֲשׁימֵם
ִ ַהאdeclare them
guilty ψ 5:11 .
אָשׁם
ָ S 817
TWOT 180b
GK 871
n. m. offence, guilt — א׳Gn 26:10 + 37 times
sf. ֲשׁמוֹ
ָא Nu 5:7 + 7 times— 1. offence, trespass, fault ψ 68:22 ( guiltiness RV ).
2. guilt Gn 26:10 ( J ) Pr 14:9 Je 51:5 . 3. compensation , ָיו ָאָשׁם ֵאל
ָ ָשׁיב הִ ְלהto
whom to return the compensation (or satisfaction for injury) Nu 5:8 ; cp. v 7 ( P ;
restitution for guilt RV ). 4. trespass-offering ( AV , but guilt-offering RV ) used
only in Lv 5 , 6:10 ; 7 , 14 , 19:21 , 22 Nu 6:12 ; 18:9 ( P ), & Ez 40:39 ; 42:13
; 44:29 ; 46:20 , cf. Ezr 10:19 . This offering seems to have been confined to
offences against God or man that could be estimated and so covered by
compensation. The ordinary trespass-offering was a ram, together with restitution and
a penalty of a fifth of its value. The tresspass-offerings of the leper and Nazirite were
he-lambs Lv 14 Nu 6:12 ; if the person who suffered wrong or his kinsmen were not
living the fine went to the priests. The victims were offered, the blood and fat pieces
going to the altar, the skin and flesh to the priests. There seems to have been no
application of the blood to the horns of the altar (the chief ceremony of the sin-
offering) because the guilt was not expiated at the altar but by compensation to the
wronged person or his representative. A part of the blood of the leper’s trespass-
offering was applied to his person to consecrate him (as in the case of the ram of
consecration to consecrate the priests Lv 8:23 ). The trespass-offering is unknown to
JED and the older Hebrew literature. However, the Philistines send an אשׁםof golden
mice and tumours 1 S 6:3 , 4 , 8 , 17 , and an אשׁםof money was given to the
priests 2 K 12:17 , but these are entirely different from the trespass-offering of P .
The Messianic servant offers himself as an אשׁםin compensation for the sins of the
people, interposing for them as their substitute Is 53:10 (incorrectly offering for sin
AV RV ). See further Oehler OT Theol. § 137 Di Lv 5:14 .
† אַשׁמָה
ְ S 819
TWOT 180c
GK 873
n. f. wrong-doing, guiltiness ( properly Inf.
cf. אַ ֲהבָה, א׳ — ) יִרְאָהLv 22:16 + 5 times, cstr. אַשׁמַת
ְ Ezr 10:10 + 3 times;
sf. אַשׁמָתוֹ
ְ Lv 5:24 + 6 times; pl. ֲשׁמוֹת ָ א2 Ch 28:10 ; sf. אַשׁמוֹתַי
ְ ψ 69:6 ;—
1. doing wrong, committing a trespass or offence 2 Ch 24:18 ; 28:10 , 13 ( ×3 ) ( ||
חטאתv 13 ) 33:23 Ezr 9:6 , 7 , 13 , 15 ( || עָוֹןv 13 ) ψ 69:6 ( || ;) ִאוֶּלֶת
ֲשׁה
ֶ ֲשׁר יַעֶ ְאַשׁמָה בָהּ מִכֹּל א
ְ לof all that one may do wrong therein Lv 5:26 ( P ; ||
ַלחֲטֹא ָב ֵהנָּהv 22 ). 2. becoming guilty 1 Ch 21:3 Ezr 10:10 , 19 ; יֶ ֱהטָא
ְאַשׁמַת ָהעָם
ְ לsin to the becoming guilty of the people (so that the people incur guilt)
Lv 4:3 ; ְרוֹן אַשׁמַת שֹׁמְ guilt of Samaria (their idols) Am 8:14 . 3. bringing a
trespass-offering , ָתוֹ
אַשׁמ
ְ בְּיוֹםin the day of his bringing his trespass-offering Lv
5:24 ; ָה
אַשׁמ
ְ עֲוֹןiniquity requiring a trespass-offering Lv 22:16 .
אַשׁמוּרָה
ְ S 821
TWOT 2414e
GK 874
( ֻרוֹת
־מ, ) ־מֹרֶתv. שׁמר.
אַשׁ ַמנִּים
ְ S 820
TWOT 2410d
GK 875
v. שׁמן.
√ ( אשׁןassumed for foll; perhaps be hard, firm , cf. Aramaic אֲשׁוּנָא, ֲשׁינָא
ִ א,
something firm . )
ֶשׁנָב
ְא S 822
TWOT 2418a
GK 876
v. שׁנב.
ֶשׁעָן
ְא S 824
GK 878
v. שׁען.
†[ אַשּׁף
ָ S 825
TWOT 181
GK 879
] n. m. conjurer, necromancer ( prob. Bab.
loan-word, Assyrian âšipu COT Gloss
cf. Dl Pr ] 41
, Aramaic אָשׁף
ַ ; v. also Assyrian
šiptu conjuration ) only pl. אַשּׁפִים
ָ Dn 1:20 ( || ִים
) ַח ְר ֻטמּ, 2:2 ( || ח׳, ַשּׁפִים
ְ ְמב,
ַשׂדִּים
ְ ) כּ.
אשׁףTWOT 182
( √ of dub. meaning, whence foll. )
† ָהאַשׁפּ
ִ n. f. quiver for arrows ( Assyrian išpatu Dl K 29 ) א׳lit. as part of
warlike equipment Jb 39:23 Is 22:6 Je 5:16 ; fig. in sim. of sons of one’s youth
as arrows (weapons which the father may wield) ψ 127:5 לּאֵ ֲשׁר ִמ
ֶ אַשׁרֵי ַהגֶּבֶר אְ
ֶת־אַשׁפָּתוֹ ֵמהֶם
ְ אthe happiness of the man that hath filled his quiver with them! of
Yahweh’s quiver, in metaph. of prophet as arrow of י׳Is 49:2 ר֑נִי ָ ְאַשׁפָּתוֹ ִה ְסתִּי
ְ בּ
ְשׂי ֵמנִי ְלחֵץ בָּרוּר
ִ וַיand he made me into a polished arrow, in his quiver he hid me;
also of quiver in which י׳has his arrows of chastisement, בּנֵי
ְ אַשׁפָּתוְֹ , i.e. his arrows
La 3:13 ( || ֵץ חv 12 ).
† אַשׁ ְפּנַז
ְ S 828
GK 881
n.pr. m. the ִים
רַב־ ָסרִיס, chief of eunuchs, of
Nebuchadrezzar Dn 1:3 ( meaning unknown ) .
† ָרֶשׁפְּ אS 829 TWOT 182 , 182a GK 882 2 S 6:19 = 1 Ch 16:3 ; 2 S 6:19
Aq Symm cake or roll; other Verss ancient & mod. have various conjectures, but a
actual etym. & meaning unknown; v. Lag GGA 1884, No. 7, 262 = M i. 214 Dr Sm .
אַשׁפֹּת
ְ S 830
TWOT 2441b
GK 883
, ַתּוֹת
אַשׁפּ
ְ v. שׁפת.
† אַשׁקְלוֹן
ְ S 831
GK 884
n.pr.loc. a city of the Philistines ( Assyrian Isqaluna
COT Gloss Dl Pa 290 ; Ph. adj. gent. cf. infr. ) Ju 1:18 ; 14:19 1 S 6:17 2 S
1:20 Je 25:20 ; 47:5 , 7 Am 1:8 Zp 2:4 , 7 Zc 9:5 ( ×2 ) ; on the Medit. Sea, S. of
W. from Jerusalem, mod. ‛Asqalân , Survey iii. 237 f. (with plan); cf. also ZPV ii. 164 f.
† ֶשׁקְלוֹנִי
ְא S 832
GK 885
adj. gent. c. art. as subst. הָא׳ Jos 13:3 ( Ph.
) אשקלני.
†[ אָשׁר
ַ S 833
TWOT 183
GK 886 , 887
] vb. go straight, go on, advance ( Assyrian
ašâru Zim BP 11
; Arabic Aramaic in deriv. ) — Qal Imv. ִשׁרוּ
ְ אPr 9:6 ִשׁרוּ ְב ֶד ֶר ְך
ְא
בִּינָהgo straight on in the way of understanding . Pi. Pf. ִשּׁרוּ
ְ אMal 3:12 Gn 30:13 ;
Impf. ְאַשּׁרֵ תּPr 4:14 + 4 times; Imv. אַשּׁר ֵ Pr 23:19 ; Pt. pl. ִים
ְאַשּׁר
ְ מMal 3:15 +
2 times;— 1. intensive go straight on, advance Pr 4:14 . 2. causative lead on Pr 23:19
Is 3:12 ; 9:15 . 3. set right, righten Is 1:17 . 4. pronounce happy, call blessed Gn 30:13
( J ) Jb 29:11 ψ 72:17 Pr 31:28 Ct 6:9 Mal 3:12 , 15 . Pu. Impf. Kt ֻשּׁר ַ יְאQr
ֻשּׁר
ַ וְא ψ 41:3 ; Pt. ֻשּׁר
ָ ְמאPr 3:18 Is 9:15 . 1. be led on Is 9:15 . 2. be made happy,
blessed ψ 41:3 Pr 3:18 .
ֶ ֶ ֫אS
† [ שׁר 835
TWOT 183a
GK 890
, or אָשׁר
ָ , cf. Lag BN 143
] n. [ m. ] only
Pl. cstr. אַשׁרֵי
ְ happiness, blessedness of 1 K 10:8 + 32 times & c. sf. , v infr.
; abstr. intens. exclam. O the happiness, blessdness of , ָשׁי ָך
ֶ אַשׁרֵי ֲאנ
ְ ֲע ָבדֶי ָך ֵאלֶּה
אַשׁרֵיְ happy thy men, happy these thy servants 1 K 10:8 ( = 2 Ch 9:7 ); אֱלוֹ ַהּ
אַשׁרֵי אֱנוֹשׁ יוֹכִיחֶנּוּ ְ blessed the man whom Eloah correcteth Jb 5:17 ; אַשׁרֵי ְתמִימֵי ְ
ֶד ֶר ְךblessed the perfect in way ψ 119:1 ; אַשׁרֵי ָבנָיו אַ ֲחרָיו
ְ blessed his children
after him Pr 20:7 ; elsewhere cstr. with אָדָםψ 32:2 ; 84:6 , 3 Pr 3:13 ; 8:34 ;
28:14 ; with ֶר ַהגְּבψ 34:9 ; 40:5 ; 94:12 ; 127:5 ; ( ָה)אִישׁψ 1:1 ; 112:1 ; אֱנוֹשׁIs
56:2 ; ַגּוֹי הψ 33:12 ; ָהעָםψ 89:16 ; 144:15 ( ×2 ) ; before ptcp. ψ 2:12 ; 32:1 ;
41:2 ; 84:5 ; 106:3 ; 119:2 ; 128:1 Is 30:18 Dn 12:12 ; before verbal clauses
without relative ψ 65:5 Pr 8:32 ; with שׁ־
ֶ ψ 137:8 , 9 ; 146:5 ; with sf. אַשׁרֶי ָך
ְ
(for ך
ָ ֲשׁרֶי
ָ ) אO thy happiness! Dt 33:29 ψ 128:2 ; אַשׁרֵי ְך
ְ Ec 10:17 ; אַשׁרֵיכֶם
ְ Is
32:20 ; ָיו
אַשׁר
ְ Pr 14:21 , 16:20 ; אַשׁרֵהוּ
ְ Pr 29:18 (on these forms v. Ges § 93, R .
1, E
).
† [ ֲשׁוּר
אTWOT 183c
, ] אָשׁוּרn. f. ψ 44:19 step, going ( cf. Arabic Ethiopic
footstep ) only sf. ֲשׁרוֹֻ אJb 23:11 Pr 14:15 ; אֲשׁוּרַיψ 17:5 ; ֲשׁ ָר֑י
ֻ אψ 40:3 ; 73:2
; ֵנוּ
ֲשׁר
ֻ אψ 44:19 ; ֲשׁרָיו
ֻ אψ 37:31 , all poet. & fig. of mode of life, etc.
† [ אַשּׁר
ֻ ] n. f. Jb 31:7 step, going , same usage, אַשּׁרִי
ֻ Jb 31:7 ; אַשּׁרֵנוּ
ֻ ψ
17:11 .
† אָשׁר
ֵ S 836 , 839
TWOT 183e
GK 888
n.pr. m. Asher ( happy one, Felix , cf.
Ph. אשרשלח, which however may contain (god) Asshur or Osiris, cf. Bae Rel 161
† אָשׁרִי
ֵ S 843
GK 896
adj. gent. c. art. ָא׳
הas n. coll. Ju 1:32 .
† ִיםֲשׁר
ֻ אS 843 TWOT 183f GK 898 , in א׳ בַּת Ez 27:6 (read ִים
ְאַשּׁר
ֻ ִבּתwith
box-wood Bö Hi MV Co al. cf. foll.)
† ְאַשּׁוּר תּS 8391 TWOT 183g GK 9309 n. f. box-tree ( on form cf. Sta § 267 )
Is 14:19 ; 60:13 Ez 27:6 ( cf. supr. ) a small evergreen tree about 20 f eet high,
growing on Lebanon, Bö Tristr Nat. Hist. Bib. 339 , so B RV . (Others sherbîn , a
species of cedar distinguished by the smallness of its cones and the upward direction
of its branches, cf. Thes RobGes )
† ָהֲשׁר
ֵ אS 842 TWOT 183h GK 895 , ֲשׁירָה ֵ א2 K 17:16 n.pr. f. Ashera (
Assyrian n.pr. f. Aš-ra-tu , c. sign for deity, in Canaanitish n.pr. Abad-Ašratum ,
servant of A. Schr ZA 1888, 363 , cf. Wkl & Abel Thontafelfund v. El Amarna ii. No. 77, 1. 9 , &
RP 2 . ii. 67, iii. 71
Sayce ; on deriv. cf. Assyrian aširat , adj. fem. gracious , COT
Gloss
) see now also GFM EB ASHERAH Dr Dt 16:21 Allen DB ASHERAH , all doubtful as
to Can. goodess Asherah; question left open by Zim KAT 3 . 436 ff. (on Sem. goddess
Aširtu-Ašratu Id. ib. 432 ff. ); but v. Jerem AT1 im Licht d. Alten Orients 207 (name of goddess
Aširat in letter found at Taanach by Sellin (1902–3) and Id. ib. 37. 237 ) (Oppenheim’s
find at Ras el-’Ain in Mesop., stone shaft with veiled head as top, supposed to
identify post with goddess; if 2 K 23:7 refers to draped Asherim [ v. on text Benz
Bur ], this even more plausible), Id. ib. 23, 208 f., 286 . On pictorial representations of
Asherah -symbol v. WHWard AJSL xix. 1 (Oct. 1902) .:—usually with the art.: prob. a. a
Canaanitish goddess of fortune & happiness; having prophets 1 K 18:19 , an image
15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 2 K 21:7 , sacred vessels 2 K 23:4 , houses v 7 . b. a
symbol of this goddess, a sacred tree or pole set up near an altar 1 K 16:33 2 K 13:6
; 17:16 ; 18:4 ; 21:3 ; 23:6 , 15 ; prohibited Dt 16:21 ; burnt by Gideon Ju 6:25 ,
26 , 28 , 30 . Pl. ֲשׁרוֹת ֵ אa. the goddess Ju 3:7 (prob. error for ַשׁתָּרֹת ְ עB ). b.
sacred tress or poles 2 Ch 19:3 ; 33:3 ; elsewhere ִים ֲשׁרֵ אid. Is 27:9 + 12 times;
sf. Mi 5:13 + 5 times;— Ex 34:13 ( J ) Dt 7:5 ; 12:3 Is 17:8 ; 27:9 Je 17:2 Mi
5:13 1 K 14:15 , 23 2 K 17:10 , 23:14 2 Ch 14:2 ; 17:6 ; 24:18 ; 31:1 ; 33:19 ;
34:3 , 4 , 7 .—( Cf. also Sta ZAW 1881, 344 f. RS Sem i. 171 f., 175n. We H 235 , who think
א׳only the sacred pole.)
ֲשׁר
ֶ אS 7945 , 834
TWOT 184 GK 8611 , 889 part. of relation ( Moab. id. ; origin dub. :
1. according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167
Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hbr . ii. 51 Lag M . i. 255 & especially Kraetzschmar
Hbr . vi. 298 ff
orig. a subst. ‘place’ = footstep, mark (do.), ַר ֲאת, place , Assyrian ašar ,
used ( v. Kraetz.) both as a subst. ‘there, where,’ and as a relative of place ‘where’: in
Heb. this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally.
The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Heb. from the other
Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots ( cf.
also Nö ZMG 1886, 738 ). 2. according to Phi St . C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15–22 for
ֲשׁל
ֶ א, developed from the relative ( שׁq.v. ) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely
prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal ( אgiving rise to אש, the form of the relative in
Ph. ), and (2) the addition of the demonstr. root [ לfound also in ֵל
א, ֵאלֶּה, ( ַה ָלּזֶהq.v. ).
he who , who ( pl. )]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of לto ר,
which is hardly rendered probable by the comp. of Syriac by side of Targ. ָא ָה ְלכּ. 1
seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the
8. ֲשׁרֶ אbecomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conj. approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. =
quod , ὅτι , that , subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering,
etc. ( α ) with ֵת
אDt 9:7 f orget not ֲשׁר ִה ְק ַצ ְפ ָתּ
ֶ אֵת אthe fact that ( = how ) thou
provokedst, etc., 29:15 Jos 2:10 1 S 24:11 , 19 2 S 11:20 know ye not אֵת
ֲשׁר־יֹרוּ
ֶ אhow they shoot from off the wall? 2 K 8:12 Is 38:3 + often. As subj. (rare)
1 K 14:19 2 K 14:15 ; 20:20 . Of time (peculiarly) † 2 S 14:15 ֲשׁר ֶ ַעתָּה אnow (is it)
that … Zc 8:20 (prob.) yet (shall it be) that … v 23 ; cf. שׁ ֶ ִכּ ְמעַטCt 3:4 . ( β )
without ֵת( אnot very common, כִּיbeing usually employed): after יָדַעEx 11:7 Nu
32:23 Ez 20:26 (strange in Ez: v. Hi ) Jb 9:5 ( Ew De Di ) Ec 8:12 , ָאָה רDt 1:31
( RV ) 1 S 18:15 , תוַדָּה
ְ ִהto confess Lv 5:5 ; 26:40b , ִשׁבִּי ַע
ְ ה1 K 22:16 (caused to
swear that …); after a noun Is 38:7 ֲשׁר ֶ הָאוֹת אthe sign that … ( || 2 K 20:9 ) כִּיwith
growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Ch 2:7 , and especially Ne Est: Ne 2:5 , 10 ; 7:66
( = Ezr 2:63 ) 8:14 , 15 ; 10:31 ; 13:1 , 19 , 22 Est 1:19 ; 2:10 ; 3:4 ; 4:11 ; 6:2 ;
8:11 Ec 3:22 ( ֲשׁר
ֶ ) ֵמא5:4 ; 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ru 2:22 ) v 22 , 29 ; 8:12 ,
14 ; 9:1 Dn 1:8 ( ×2 ) . ( γ ) prefixed to a direct citation, like ִי
כּq.v. ( = ὅτι recitativum
) (rare) 1 S 15:20 2 S 1:4 ; 2:4 ( v. Dr ) ψ 10:6 (prob.), Ne 4:6 . b. it is resolvable
into so that: Gn 11:7 ִשׁמְעוּ
ְ ֲשׁר לֹא י
ֶ אso that they understand not, etc., 13:16 ; 22:14
ֲשׁר יֵאָמֵר
ֶ אso that it is said, Ex 20:26 Dt 4:10 , 40 ֲשׁר יִיטַב ְל ָך
ֶ א6:3 ; 28:27 , 51
1 K 3:12 , 13 2 K 9:37 Mal 3:19 . c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since:
Gn 30:18 ; 31:49 and Mizpah, ַר
ֲשׁר אָמ ֶ אfor that he said. 34:13 , 27 ; 42:21 we are
guilty, ִינוּ
ֲשׁר ָראֶ אwe who saw (or, in that we saw), Nu 20:13 Meribah, because they
strove there, Dt 3:24 Jos 4:7 , 23 ; 22:31 Ju 9:17 1 S 2:23 ; 15:15 ; 20:42 go in
peace, ְנוִּשׁ ַבּע
ְ ֲשׁר נ
ֶ אforasmuch as we have sworn, 25:26 thou whom ( = or, seeing
that ) י׳hath withholden, 2 S 2:5 blessed are ye of י׳, ֶם
ֲשׂית
ִ ֲשׁר ע
ֶ א, who ( οἵτινες )
have done (or in that ye have done), 1 K 3:19 ; 15:5 2 K 12:3 ; 17:4 ; 23:26 Je 16:13
Ec 8:11 , 12 ( Hi De Now ). Here also belongs its use in ָה ֲא ֶשׁר ָלמּsince why …? (
= lest ) Dn 1:10 : v. sub ָה
ָלמּ. On כֵּן ֲשׁר עַל
ֶ אforasmuch as Jb 34:27 v. sub כִּי עַל
כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lv 4:22 ָשׂיא יֶ ֱחטָא ִ ֲשׁר נ
ֶ אin (case)
that = when (or if ) a ruler sinneth ( v 3 , 13 , 27 ִם ) א25:33 ; Nu 5:29 (explained
differently by Ew § 334a
), Dt 11:27 and the blessing ְעוּ ִשׁמ
ְ ֲשׁר תֶּ אif ye hearken ( v 28
) אִם, 18:22 Ges § 159 cc
Jos 4:21 … ִשׁאָלוּן ְ ֲא ֶשׁר יwhen they ask …, then … ( v 6
) כִּי, Is 31:4 . In 1 K 8:33 ( || 2 Ch 6:24 כִּי, cf. K v 35 , 37 ) ֲשׁר ֶ אmay be rendered
indifferently because or when . Once, similarly, ֲשׁר ֶ אֵת א1 K 8:31 v. p. 85 . e.
perhaps (exceptionally) = ֲשׁר ֶ ַכּא, as , Je 33:22 Is 54:9 ( sq. ; כֵּןbut כֵּןq.v.
sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁרmay in these passages connect with what
precedes); according to some also Je 48:8 ψ 106:34 (in a connexion where ֲשׁר ֶ ַכּא
would be more usual: ֲשׁר ֶ אmay however be the obj. of ) אָמַר. In 1 S 16:7 ֲשׁר ֶ הָאָדָם א
יִ ְראֶהread ֲשׁרֶ ַכּא, v. Dr .In Dt 15:14 also read ֲשׁר ֶ ַכּא: note ברכךbefore. f.
combined with preps., ֲשׁר ֶ אconverts them into conjunctions: see below, ֲשׁר ֶ ַבּא, ֲשׁר
ֶ ַכּא,
ֲשׁרֶ ֵמא. On its use similarly with (אַ ֲחרֵי) אַחַר, ִמ ְבּלִי, ַבּעֲבוּר, עַל ְדּבַר, יַעַן, ְל ַמעַן,
ְכּפִי, עַד, עַל, ֵעקֶב, ִמ ְפּנֵי, ַתּחַת, see these words.— ֲשׁר ֶ ַהא, with הinterrog. , occurs
once, 2 K 6:22 .
Note 1. ֲשׁר ֶ אbeing a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent
in Engl., its force is not unfreq. capable of being represented in more than one way. See
e.g. 2 S 2:5 (above 8 c ), Is 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them .
Note 2. The opinion that ֲשׁרֶ אhas an asseverative force (like כִּי, q.v. ), or introduces
the apodosis, is not prob., being both alien to its general usage & not required by the
passages alleged. Render Is 8:20 either ‘Surely according to this word will those speak
who have no dawn,’ or ‘… will they speak when ( cf. supr. 8 d Dt 11:27 Jos 4:21 )
they have no dawn.’
ֲשׁר
ֶ ַבּא19 a. in (that) which … Is 56:4 ; 65:12 ; 66:4 ( supr. 1 ); Ec 3:9 in (that,
in) which ( 4 c ); Is 47:12 ( v. 2 ). b. adv. in (the place) where: supr. 4 b ( γ ). c.
conj. in that, inasmuch as , † Gn 39:9 , 23 Ec 7:2 ; 8:4 ; cf. d. † Jon 1:8 ִי ְלמ
ֲשׁר
ֶ ַבּאon account of whom? ( ֲשׁר ְל
ֶ ַבּאon account of , framed on model of Aramaic
ְבּדִיל: v. sub ) ֶשׁל.
ֲשׁר
ֶ ַכּא v. sub ךּ
ְ.
ֲשׁר
ֶ ֵמא17 a. from (or than ) that which ( him, them , etc., that …)Gn 31:1 Ex 29:27
( ×2 )
Nu 6:11 (see Lv 4:26 ) Jos 10:11 Ju 16:30 Is 47:13 + ; than that … † Ec
3:22 ; ֲשׁר
ֶ † ְלבַד ֵמאEst 4:11 . b. adv. from (the place) where: supr. 4 b ( γ ). c.
conj. from (the fact) that …, since † Is 43:4 .
†[ אשׁשׁTWOT 185
] ( cf. found, establish ) Hithpo. ְאשׁ֑שׁוּ
ָ וְ ִהתIs 46:8 (der.
from above by Jer Hi Kn De MV , shew yourselves firm , but) read perhaps
ְבּשׁ֑שׁוּ
ָ ִהת Lag Che , from ( בּוֹשׁThes expl. as denom. from ִישׁ
; אon other views cf.
Di ).
† ישׁה
ָ ֲשִׁ אS 809 TWOT 185a GK 862 n. f. (pressed) raisin-cake — א׳2 S 6:19
1 Ch 16:3 distributed, with other viands, to people, especially as stimulating, pl.
ֲא ִשׁישׁוֹתCt 2:5 ; more explicitly ישׁי ֲענָבִים
ֵ ֲשׁ
ִ אHo 3:1 used in sacrificial feasts (
cf. RS OTJC Lect. xi. n. 7 ); ישׁי
ֵ ֲשׁ
ִ ֶשׂת א
ֶ קִיר ֲחרIs 16:7 , i.e. the raisin-cakes which were
an article of trade at Qir-ḥareseth (taken by Thes al. = foundations , i.e.
foundations exposed by ruin, from [ אָשׁישׁ ִ ] with such a meaning).
ֵ ֫א ֶשׁת v. ִשּׁה
ָ אsub III . אנשׁ.
† ֶשׁתָּאוֹל
ְא S 847
GK 900
Jos 15:33 + 2 times, ָאֹל
ֶשׁתּ
ְ אJu 13:25 + 3 times
n.pr.loc. ( in form like the inf. of the Arabic VIII. conj. from ָשׁאַל: so ֶשׁתְּמֹ ַע
ְא
from ַע ָשׁמ. Perhaps Arabic-speaking tribes may have settled in parts of S. of Judah )
city of Danites in the ָה
ְשׁ ֵפלof Judah, named with ָצ ְרעָהJos 15:33 ; 19:41 Ju
iii. 25 Pal. ii. 13
13:25 ; 16:31 ; 18:2 , 8 , 11 ; perhaps mod. ’Eshû Survey Guérin
f. 382
.
† ֶשׁתּוֹן
ְא S 850
GK 902
n.pr. m. a man of Judah ( perhaps from ֵשׁת
ֶ= א
effeminate or uxorious ) 1 Ch 4:11 , 12 .
† ע
ַ ֶשׁתְּמוֹ
ְ אJos 21:4 , ֶשׁתְּמֹ ַע ְ א1 S 30:28 1 Ch 4:17 , 19 ; 6:42 . ֶשׁתְּמֹה ְ אJos
15:50 n.pr.loc. Levitical city in mountain-country of Judah, south of Hebron, mod.
Semû v. Rob BR i. 464, ii. 204 Survey iii. 403 Bd Pal. 153 ; 1 Ch 4:17 , 19 it appears
as n.pr. m. of a man of Judah. ( On the form cf. sub ָאוֹל ֶשׁתּ
ְ א. )
1. As mark of the accus. prefixed to substs. defined either by the art. (or ) כֹּל, or by
a genitive or pron. affix, or in virtue of being proper names: a. with transitive verbs, Gn
1:1 , 16 , 29 , 30 ; 2:11 ; 4:1 , 2 ; 9:3 ( ֹֽל׃ ) ֶאת־כּetc. Similarly אֶת־מִיwhom (in
particular), Jos 24:15 1 S 12:3 ; 28:11 Is 6:8 al. (but never ָה
;) אֶת־מalso with זֶה
Gn 29:33 ; 44:29 1 S 21:16 1 K 22:27 + , זֹאתGn 29:27 2 S 13:17 + , ֶה
ֵאלּGn
Bd Bädeker’s Palestine.
46:18 Lv 11:22 Is 49:21 + . So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אתis
commonly dispensed with. By the use of אתwith the pron. affix, a pron. can at once, if
required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of
view be carefully noticed in the foll. passages: Gn 7:1 ; 24:14 ; 37:4 Lv 10:17 ; 11:33
Nu 22:23 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive ( cf. Gn 41:13 ), Dt 4:14 ; 6:13 ,
23 ; 13:5 Ju 14:3 לי ִ אוֹתָהּ קַחtake for me her , 1 S 14:35 ; 15:1 ; 18:17 ; 21:10
אִם־אֹתָהּ ִתּקַּח־ ְל ָך ָ ֔קהif thou wilt take that , take it, 1 K 1:35 ; 14:19 Is 43:22 ;
57:11 Je 9:2 . So ִי † הַאוֹתJe 5:22 ; 7:19 . It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense
to be expressed (elsewhere ְשׁם ָ ) נַפJe 7:19 Ez 34:2 . Rarely with a subst. which is
undefined ( Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1 R. 2 ), as Ex 21:28 Nu 21:9 Lv 20:14 1 S 24:6
(but v. Dr ) 2 S 4:11 ; 18:18 ; 23:21 ; or which, though definite, is without the art.,
Gn 21:30 2 S 15:16 Lv 26:5 1 S 9:3 (so Nu 16:15 ) Is 33:19 ; 41:7 Ez 43:10 (for
further exx. v. Ew l.c. ) b. with a passive verb ( Ges § 121.1 Ew § 295 b ) conceived as
expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accus. of
that which is its real object: exx. occur with tolerable frequency from Gn 4:18 ( J )
אֶת־עִירָד וַיִּוָּלֵד ַל ֲהנוֹ ְך, 17:5 ( P ) ֶת־שׁ ְמ ָך אַ ְברָם
ִ לֹא יִ ָקּרֵא עוֹד אthere shall not be
called ( = one shall not all) thy name any more Abram , 21:5 ( E ), 27:42 2 S 21:11
1 K 18:13 Ho 10:6 etc., to Je 35:14 ; 38:4 ; 50:20 Ez 16:4 , 5 Est 2:13 ( cf. Dr
JPhl. xi. 227 f.
): also with pass. vbs. of filling ( Ew § 281 b ), as Ex 1:7 + . c. with neuter
verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding , or treating , appy.
by a constr. κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Jo 22:17 2 S 11:25 Ne 9:32 ( cf. 1 S 20:13 Dr 1
K 8:31 ). Once after ֵין א, Hg 2:17 אֵין ֶא ְתכֶם ֵאלַי. d. poet. ( si vera l. ), after an abstr.
noun used with a verbal force, † Hb 3:13 ( Am 4:11 Is 13:19 Je 50:40 ָה ַמ ְה ֵפּכexerts
AG i. § 196, 43
a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [ v. W ]; and Nu 10:2 Ez 17:9
ְל ַמסַּע, ַשׂאוֹת
ְ ְלמare Aramaizing infinitives: cf. Ew § 239 a
).
2. אתmarks an accus. in other relations than that of direct obj. to a verb: a. with
verbs of motion (very rare) Nu 13:17 Dt 1:19 ; 2:7 (to ‘walk the wilderness’); denoting
the goal Ju 19:18 Ez 21:25 ( Ew § 281 d, n. , 282 a 1 ). b. denoting time (duration), also
very rare: Ex 13:7 Lv 25:22 Dt 9:25 . c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare):
Gn 17:11 , 14 1 K 15:23 .
7. ֵת
ֵמ ִאתִּי ( ֵמא, etc.; also - מֵאוֹת, v. p. 85 ) from proximity with (like Gk. παρά
with a genit., Fr de chez ; in Syriac Arabic correspond. Synon. ִם
; ֵמעsee below):
coupled almost always with persons (contrast ִם
ֵמע, a ). Thus a. with ָקנָהto buy Gn
25:10 + often; ( cf. 17:27 ); ַח
ָלקGn 42:24 Ex 25:2 Lv 25:36 Nu 17:17 + often;
ָשׂא
ָנ ψ 24:5 ; ַח
ִשׁלּ, as Gn 8:8 ְשׁלַּח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָה ֵמאִתּוֹ
ַ וַיand he sent forth the dove from
with him 26:27 ; ך
ְ ָה ַלGn 26:31 1 K 18:12 ; 20:36 Je 9:1 , of a wife deserting her
husband Ju 19:2 וַ ֵתּ ֶל ְך ֵמאִתּוֹ, Je 3:1 ( cf. Is 57:8 ); with sim. words Gn 38:1 Dt
2:8 1 K 11:23 Je 2:37 ( v. Ex 5:20 ); Is 54:10 ψ 66:20 ; with שׁאַל
ָ Ju 1:14 1 K
2:16 ψ 27:4 + , ַשׁ
ָדּר1 K 22:7 al. , ָשׁמַע1 S 2:23 .— פּ׳ ֵמאֵת ְפּנֵי Gn 27:30 ; 43:34
Ex 10:11 Jb 2:7 ; Lv 10:4 ( ַקֹּדֶשׁ
) ה, 2 K 16:14 ( ) ַה ַבּיִת. Hence b. of rights or dues,
handed over from , given on the part of , any one: Gn 47:22 ; חֹק ֵמאֵת ַפּרְעֹהoften in
P , as Gn 23:20 Ex 27:21 a perpetual due ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ֵמאֵת ְבּנֵי יfrom , or on the part of , the
children of Israel, Lv 7:34b ; 24:8 Nu 3:9 ; 7:84 + ; Dt 18:3 1 S 2:13 ( , etc.; v.
1 d ) 2 S 15:3 וְשֹׁ ֵמ ַע אֵין־ ְל ָך ֵמאֵת ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךbut there is none to hear thee deputed of the
king, 1 K 5:14 . c. expressing origination: 1 K 1:27 ֲדֹנִי ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך נִ ְהיָה אִם ֵמאֵת א
Especially ֵת י׳
— ֵמאof a concrete object proceeding from him: Gn 19:24 (brimstone),
Nu 11:31 (a wind), 16:35 (fire), 1 S 16:14 (evil spirit), Is 38:7 (a sign), Je 51:53
(wasters), Mi 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zc 7:12 ( cf. Nu 17:11 ), teaching Is 51:4 , the word
of prophecy Je 7:1 (so 11:1 ; 18:1 + often in Je) 37:17 Ez 33:30 ; with ‘have I (we)
heard’ Is 21:10 ; 28:22 Je 49:14 ( = Ob 1 ); of an event, or phase of history Jos
11:20 ָה ֵמאֵת י׳ הָֽיְתit came of י׳to …, 1 K 12:24 Hb 2:13 ψ 118:23 ֵמאֵת י׳ הָֽיְתָה
( זֹאת παρὰ Κυρίου ) Ezr 9:8 Ne 6:16 ; of trouble ( ָה ) ָרע2 K 6:33 Mi 1:12 (
;) יָרַדof a good or evil lot, having its source in י׳Je 13:25 Is 54:17 ψ 109:20 , cf. Jb
2:10 ; ψ 22:26 ִי ֵמ ִא ְתּ ָך ְת ִה ָלּתfrom thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Is
44:24 Qr ִי ֵמ ִאתּof myself ( cf. ἀπ ἐμαυτου̂ John 5:30 ; Kt is מִי ִאתִּיwho was with
Fr S. Frensdorff.
me?), 54:15 ֶאפֶס מֵאוֹתִיnot at my instance ( cf. לֹא ִמנִּי30:1 , לֹא ִמ ֶמּנִּיHo 8:4 ). d.
of a place † 1 K 6:33 (corrupt: read with S B [partly] מְזוּזֹת ְרבֻעוֹת, & cf.
Ez 41:21 ).
Note . ֵת
אexpresses closer association than עִם: hence while ֵמעִםsometimes denotes
hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of , ֵת
ֵמאexpresses from close
proximity to . Thus Saul asks, ָנוּ
ֵמ ִעמּ
מִי ָה ַל ָךwho has gone from (those) about us? but
Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Gn 44:28 ִי וַיֵּצֵא ָה ֶאחָד ֵמ ִאתּand the one is
gone from with me. ֵת ֵמאis accordingly preferred to ֵמעִםin the sense of origination or
authorship; מאתis not usual in the sense of ִם ֵמעc , nor ֵמעִםin the sense of ֵמאֵתb.
† אִיתִיאֵל S 384
GK ְלאִיתִיאֵל וְ ֻאכָֽל׃ נְאֻם ַהגֶּבֶר ְלאִיתִיאֵל,
417
1. Pr 30:1 ( ×2 )
III. ֵת
אS 853 , 854 , 855
TWOT 186 , 187 , 192a
GK 254 , 906 , 907 , 908
v. אתת.
אַתָּה S 859
TWOT 189
GK 905 , 911
,תּ
ְ אַS 859
TWOT 189
GK 905
, ְי
אַתּv. sub
אנת.
† אָתָהS 857
TWOT 188
GK 910
vb. come (in Heb. only poet.) ( Arabic , Sab.
אתו DHM ZMG 1875, 597; 1883, 343
, Aramaic ָא
ֲאת, ) — Qal Pf. א׳ Dt 33:2 ; ָא
אָתIs
21:12 v. Ges § 75 R. 22
; 1 pl. אָתָנוּ Je 3:22 ; Impf. יֶ ֱאתֶה Jb 37:22 Pr 1:27 ; ֵא
וַיֵּת
Dt 33:21 ( = וַיֶּ ֱאתֶה cf. Di Kö i . 577
), וַיַּאתIs 41:25 ; sf. וַיֶּ ֱא ָתיֵנִי Jb 3:25 ; 3 fs.
תֵּאתֶה Mi 4:8 ; 3 mpl. יֶ ֱא ָת֫יוּJb 16:22 + 2 times; וַיֶּ ֱאתָיוּ֑ןIs 41:5 ; Imv. mpl. ֵא ָת֫יוּ
Is 21:12 + 2 times; Pt. fpl. ִיּוֹת אֹתIs 41:23 + 2 times;— come , of men Dt 33:21 ψ
68:32 Is 41:25 ; 56:12 Imv. = come now , with hostile purpose Jb 30:14 , of men
unto י׳Je 3:22 ( sq. ל
ְ ) cf. Is 21:12 ; of י׳Dt 33:2 ; of ends of earth, etc., personif. Is
41:5 ; of time, morning Is 21:12 , years Jb 16:22 ; of weather Jb 37:22 ; of beasts, to
devour Is 56:9 ( sq. inf. ), of calamity Pr 1:27 Jb 3:25 come upon , c. sf. , of
dominion Mi 4:8 ( sq. ַד ) ע. Pt. pl. fem. as subst. things to come , future things Is
41:23 ; 44:7 ; 45:11 . Hiph. bring, Imv. ֵה ָת֫יוּ ַמיִם Is 21:14 bring water (on form, for
ֶהאֱתוּ cf. Di Ew § 141 a
Ges § 68, 2 R. 1, § 76. 2 (c1)
); Je 12:9 bring beasts , to devour.
† אִיתוֹן S 2978
TWOT 188a
GK 415
Qr , יאתוןKt , n. m. entrance , ִתוֹן
הָי֯א
Ez 40:15 ; Co reads ; אתיוןcf. Sm Ol § 215 d
.
ִאתַּי S 863
GK 915
, ַי
ִא(י)תS 383 , 863
TWOT 2572
GK 416
, ֵל
אִיתִיאS 384
GK
417
v. sub II. ֵת
א.
† ֵאתָם S 864
GK 918
( perhaps = Egyptian Chetem , cf. Ebers GS 521 f.
n.pr.loc.
but Οθομ, Οθωμ , cf. Lag BN 54 ) Ex 13:20 in Egypt, place on edge of
desert, so Nu 33:6 , 7 ; ָם
ִמ ְדבַּר ֵאתNu 33:8 .
אַתֶּם S 859
TWOT 189 , 189b
GK 917
v. sub אנת.
ֶאתְמוֹל S 865
TWOT 2521
GK 919
v. sub תמל.
אתןTWOT 190
( meaning? Thes comps. Arabic take short steps , but this appy. only
by-form of ) .
† אָתוֹן S 860
TWOT 190a
GK 912
n. f. Gn 45:23 she-ass ( Arabic , Aramaic
אַ ָתּנָא, , Assyrian atânu ) — אָתוֹןNu 22:23 + 10 times; ֲאתֹנְ ָךNu 22:30 , 32 ;
אֲתֹנוֹGn 49:11 + 2 times; pl. abs. אֲתֹנֹתGn 12:16 + 2 times; אֲתֹנוֹתJu
5:10 + 12 times; ֲתוֹנוֹת אJb 1:3 ; 42:12 ;— she-ass , as dam Gn 49:11 Zc 9:9 ; as
property (constituting wealth) Gn 12:16 ; 32:16 Jb 1:3 , 14 ; 42:12 cf. 1 Ch
27:30 ; so of the asses of Kish 8 times 1 S 9:3 ( ×2 ) , 5 , 20 ; 10:2 ( ×2 ) , 14 , 16 ; as
beasts of burden Gn 45:23 ; for riding Ju 5:10 Nu 22:21 , 22 2 K 4:22 , 24 ; of
Balaam’s ass 14 times Nu 22:21 , 22 , 23 ( ×3 ) , 25 , 27 ( ×2 ) , 28 , 29 , 30 ( ×2 ) ,
32 , 33 .
ֵאתָן v. sub. יתן.
אַתֵּן S 859
TWOT 189
GK 920
, ָה
אַ ֵתּנv. sub אנת.
ֶא ְתנָה S 866
TWOT 2524a
GK 921
v. תנה.
† אַתִּיק S 862
TWOT 191a , 191b
GK 916
n. m. id. Ez 42:3
( ×2 )
; pl. אַתִּיקִים Ez
42:5 ; 41:15 Qr , v. אתוק Kt ; v 16 ( הָאַתִּיקִיםCo del. ).
† III. [ ֵת
אS 853 , 854 , 855
TWOT 186 , 187 , 192a
GK 254 , 906 , 907 , 908
] n. [ m. ] a
cutting instrument of iron, usually transl. ploughshare — sg. sf. אֵתוֹ 1 S 13:20 ;
pl. ֵאתִים 1 S 13:21 , ִים
ִאתּIs 2:4 = Mi 4:3 ; sf. ִאתֵּיכֶם Jo 4:10 ; according to
Klo al. also 2 K 6:5 אֶת־ ַה ַבּ ְרזֶל, i.e. the axe of iron .
ב, בּ, Bêth, 2nd letter; post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 2 (and so in margin of printed
MT ); = ̈ ב2000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.
I. ְבּS 1119
TWOT 193
GK 1198
, prep. in ( Moab. בּ, Syriac , Arabic , Ethiopic ) before
tone-syllables in certain cases ( Ges § 102. 2
)בּ
ָ , with suff. ( ְבּ ָך ; בִּיEx 7:28 Kt . 2 S
22:30 ψ 141:8 ) ְבּכָה, in pause and fem. ( בּוֹ ; ָבּ ְךonce, Je 17:24 Kt ) בֹּה, ; בָּנוּ ; בָּהּ
ָבּכֶם, [ ָבּהֶם ;] ָבּכֶן, [ בָּםalso † ָבּ ֵה֫מָּהEx 30:4 ; 36:1 Hb 1:16 ], † ָבּהֶן1 S 31:7 Is
38:16 Ez 42:14 [15 times ֵן ( ָבּהFr MM 235 ), and thrice, Lv 5:22 Nu 13:19 Je 5:17 ,
] ָבּ ֵה֫נָּה. Prep. denoting properly in , Gk. ἐν , but applied in many derived and fig.
significations. The senses expressed by בּ ְ are grouped by the Rabbis in three classes, בֵּית
ַה ְכּלִיBeth vasculi , בֵּית ַה ִדּיבִּוּק וְ ַהנְּגִיעָהBeth coniunctionis et viciniae , בֵּית ָה ֵעזֶר
Beth auxilii; and the same arrangement may be followed here, though the limits between
the three classes are not clearly defined, and they sometimes overlap one another.
= equivalent, equals.
MT Masoretic Text.
OT Old Testament.
S Strong’s Concordance
TWOT Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament .
GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbering system of the NIV Exhaustive Condordance .
Ges W. Gesenius, Heb. Gram. ed. by Kautzsch;
Kt K e thibh .
fem. feminine, feminae.
† prefixed, or added, or both, indicates ‘All passages cited.’
Fr S. Frensdorff, Massora Magna.
fig. figurative.
Heb. Hebrew.
al. et aliter , and elsewhere; also et alii , and others.
+ plus, denotes often that other passages, etc., might be cited. So also where the forms of
verbs, nouns, and adjectives are illustrated by citations, near the beginning of articles;
speak ְאָזְנֵי
בּin the ears of …; to be good ( or evil, etc.) ְבּעֵינֵיin the eyes of … 2. of
presence in the midst of a multitude, among Ex 14:28 there was not left ֶם
ָבּהamong
them even one, Lv 26:36 2 S 15:31 Ahitophel ִים
ַקּשׁר
ְ בּis among the conspirators, 2 K
18:5 בְּכֹל ַמ ְלכֵי יְהוּדָה. So ְבּ ָךin thee (of Israel, coll. ) Dt 7:14 ; 15:4 , 7 ; 18:10 ;
23:11 ; 28:54 (diff. from ך ְ ֑ ִע ָמּbeside thee Lv 25:35 ).—Spec. a. of an individ.,
implying eminency among: Jos 14:15 Je 46:18 Tabor among the mountains, 49:15 Pr
30:30 Ct 1:8 ָשׁים ִ ַהיָּפָה ַבנּthe fair one ( = the fairest) among women, La 1:1 : cf.
Luke 1:42 . On 1 S 17:12 v. Dr . b. hence with some verbs, when the action refers to
only a part of the object, as בּ ְ ִה ָכּ ַהto smite among … i.e. to smite some of … 2 S 2:31 ;
cf. ָה ַפ ְך ְבּ Am 4:11 ; בּ
ְ ָהרַג ψ 78:31 ; בּ
ָשׂא ְ
ָ נto bear in , i.e. to share in bearing, Nu
11:17 al. ; בּ
ְ ָבּנָהto build in or at Zc 6:15 Ne 4:4 ; ָשׂה ְבּ ָ עEx 5:9 ; ָעמַל ְבּto toil on
Jon 4:10 ψ 127:1 ; בּ ְ אָכַל, ָשׁתָה ְבּto eat or drink of Ju 13:16 Pr 9:5 ; ָחלַק ְבּto give a
share in Jb 39:17 . c. specifying the parts of which a whole consists (especially in P )
Gn 7:21 ; 8:17 ; 9:10 , 16 ; 17:23 Ex 12:19 Nu 31:11 , 26 Ho 4:3 . 3. with ref. to
the limits enclosing a space, within: Ex 20:10 ך ָ ִשׁ ָערֶי
ְ בּwithin thy gates, Is 56:5
בְּחוֹמֹתַיwithin my walls. 4. often pregn. with verbs of motion, when the movement to a
place results in rest in it, into: after ָא
בּGn 19:8 Is 19:23 ; נָתַןGn 27:17 ; ָשׁלַחto send
Lv 16:22 ; in among Jos 23:7 , 12 1 K 11:2 .— Ho 12:7 (an extreme case) בּ ְ שׁוּבto
return (and rest) in thy God, 1 S 16:3 (unless ב֑ח ַ ָ ַלזּshould be read, as v 5 ).— ַעיִן
( ְבּ ַעיִןwith) eye (looking) into eye † Nu 14:14 Is 52:8 ; † ָפּנִים ְבּ ָפנִיםDt 5:4 ; עֵינֵי פְ׳
ְבּthe eyes of … are upon , both in favourable ( Dt 11:12 ψ 101:6 ) and hostile ( Am 9:8
Jb 7:8 ) sense. 5. applied to time , as Gn 1:1 ֵאשׁית ִ ְבּרin the beginning; 2:2 בַּיּוֹם
ַשּׁבִיעִי ְ הon the seventh day ( v. יוֹם7 g ); Ju 10:8 ַשּׁנָה ַההִיאָ בּin that year; &
constantly. 6. of a state or condition, whether material or mental, in which an action takes
place: so ְשׁלוֹםָ בּin peace Gn 15:15 ; ַבּ ָצּרָהψ 81:8 ְבּץָ׳91:15 in distress ; ָה ַל ְך ְבּתֻמּוֹ
to walk in his integrity Pr 28:6 ; Ex 5:19 ָע ְבּרin evil case. 7. ְבּintroduces the predicate
, denoting it as that in which the subj. consists, or in which it shews itself (the Beth
essentiae ,—common in Arabic, especially with a ptcp. or adj. and in a negative
while ‘etc.’ in such connexions commonly indicates that other forms of the word occur,
which it has not been thought worth while to cite.
coll. collective.
cf. confer , compare.
v. vide , see.
Dr S. R. Driver.
P Priests’ Code or Narrative.
v verse.
ptcp. Participle.
adj. adjective.
sentence: Qor 2:79 and God (appears) not as one remiss; 2:7 and they are not believers
[ comp. French en—en honnête homme ]; v. W AG ii. § 56 a ): viz. a. a primary pred., Ex
18:4 the God of my fathers ִי
ְבּ ֶעזְרwas my help, ψ 146:5 Ho 13:9 (read כִּי מִי
ְב ֶעזְרֶֽךָ׃with S Che al. ); ψ 68:5 ְבּיָהּ ְשׁמוֹhis name consists in Yah, Jb 23:13 ;
37:10 . With the pred. in the pl. (as pl. maj. ) ψ 118:7 רי ֑ ָ ְ י׳ בְּעֹזJ . is my great
helper, 54:5 ( v. Che ), Ju 11:35 . b. a secondary pred., Ex 6:3 and I appeared unto
them ֵל ַשׁ ָדּ֑י ְבּאas God Almighty, Nu 26:53 ְבּנַ ֲחלָהas an inheritance, 34:2 Ez 46:16 :
47:14 Dt 10:22 ; 26:14 I have not put away therefrom ֵא
ְבּ ָטמas one unclean = while
unclean, 28:62 Is 40:10 חזָק יָבוֹא ָ ְבּhe cometh as a strong one, ψ 35:2 (where v. De
) and rise up as my help, v 16 , 39:7 ; 55:19 Pr 3:26 Jb 36:32 ( De ); cf. Dt 33:26
1 S 17:11 Na 3:9 . c. a pred. as accus., Dt 1:13 ֶם ָאשׁיכ
ֵ ֲשׂימֵם ְבּר ִ וַאthat I may make
them heads over you ; Jos 21:12 Ez 20:41 Nu 18:26 ; 36:2 Jos 13:6 , 7 ; 23:4 Ez
45:1 ; 47:22 ( ×2 ) (read ִלוּ
) יַפּ48:29 ( v. Co ) all ָה ( ְבּנַ ֲחלcf. b. ), ψ 78:55 &
allotted it ָה
נַ ֲחל
ְבּ ֶחבֶלas a line of inheritance (i.e. as a measured inheritance). Is 26:4
כִּי ְבּיָהּ יהוה צוּר עוֹ ָלמִים י׳is different—for in Yah there is a rock of ages ( cf. Qor
4:7, 47 there is sufficiency in God as a patron). d. in comparisons, ψ 37:20 consume
away ָשׁןָ ֶבּעin the form of, as , smoke 78:33 ; 102:4 Jb 34:36 ; 36:14 .
II. Denoting proximity— 1. at, by (rare): Dt 2:4 1 S 29:1 ָבּ ַעיִןby the spring; Ez
10:15 , 20 ִבּנְהַר ְכּבָרby the river Chebar ( 1:3 ) עַל ψ 27:6 . 2. on: Gn 8:20 Nu 23:2
ַבּ ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַחon the altar; Ju 8:21 on the necks of the camels; 1 K 2:5 al. ְבּ ָמ ְתנָיוon his
loins; Is 59:17 a helmet ְרֹאשׁוֹ
בּon his head. 3. often with verbs of touching,
approaching, taking hold of, cleaving , etc., as ַז
אָח, ָדּבֵק, ָשׁק
ַ ח, נָגַע, נָגַשׁ, ָקרַב, ָפּגַּע,
ָתּ ַמ ְך, ( ָתּפַשׂsee these words). 4. with words expressing or implying an act of hostility—
a. against: Gn 16:12 ַכֹּל וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ יָדוֹ בhis hand against all, and the hand of all
against him; ְ׳ בּ הָֽיְתָה יַד פּDt 13:10 1 S 5:9 ; 18:17 + often Hence after verbs ( q.v. )
Qor Qoran.
comp. compare, compares, comparative.
W W. Wright, ArabicGram.
Greek version of the LXX.
S Syriac Version.
Che T. K. Cheyne.
pl. plural.
J Jehovist.
De Franz Delitzsch.
×2 two times.
Co C. H. Cornill.
q.v. quod vide.
of fighting ( ַם
נִ ְלח, ) רִיב, going up to invade ( ) ָעלָה, being angry ( ִה ְת ַעבֵּר, אָנַף, ָחרָה
) אַף, sinning or acting treacherously ( ָחטָא, ָבּגַד, ָמרַד, ָמרָה, ָמעַל, ָשׁע ַ פּ, ִשׁקֵּר, ִכּזֵּב
, ֵשׁ
) ִכּח, testifying ( ָענָה, ) ֵהעִיד, mocking ( ִה ְלעִיג, ) ֵהתֵל, feeling loathing ( ) קוּץ,
rebuking ( ַר גָּע: proposes to protest loudly), speaking ( ִדּבֶּר: Nu 12:8b ), etc., & even
(an extreme case) Ho 7:14 ִי יָסוּרוּ בthey turn aside (so as to be) against me. In a
weaker sense ִיר ַשׁתִּין ַבּקּ
ְ מmingens ad parietem 1 S 25:22 al. b. down to, upon (
super with accus.), especially in such phrases as ָיו בּוֹ ָדּמLv 20:9 al. his blood be upon
him; ְרֹאשׁוֹ דָּמוֹ בhis blood be upon his head Jos 2:19 ; ֵשׁיב י׳) בְּרֹאשׁוֹ ִ שׁוּב (הJu
8:57 ( ָה ) ָרע, 1 K 2:33 ( ) דָּם, v 44 ( ) ָרעָה, ψ 7:17 ( בְּרֹאשׁוֹ נָתַן ֶדּ ֶר ְך פּ׳ ;) ֲעמָלוֹ
1 K 8:32 & often in Ez, as 9:10 ; 11:21 .
IV. ְבּis used also with certain classes of verbs, though the explanation of its use may
be sometimes doubtful: viz. a. with verbs of taking refuge, trusting, relying , as ִין ֶה ֱאמ,
ָבּטַח, ָחסָה, ִשׁעַן
ְ נ. b. with verbs of ruling, governing, restraining , as ָמ ַל ְך, ָשׁל
ַ מ, נָגַשׂ
, ַר
ָעצ, ָרדָה, ָשׁלַט. c. with verbs of rejoicing, feeling pleasure or satisfaction , etc., as
גִּיל, ָעלַץ, שׂוּשׂ, ָשׂ ֵמ ַח, ָחפֵץ, ָרצָה, ( ָשׂבַעbut with this verb מִןis more common).
[Prob. a case of III. 5. ] d. with verbs expressive of sensible perception, to denote the
pleasurable or attentive exercise of the faculty concerned, as בּ ְ ָשׁמַעto listen to , ִהבִּיט ְבּ
, ָאָה
ר, ָחזָה, to look upon , ֵהרִי ַח ְבּto smell at (see these words). e. occasionally also
with verbs of speaking, thinking, mentioning, knowing , to denote the object of the action,
V. Followed by an inf. c. , בּ ְ forms a periphrasis for the gerund, though in English it
is commonly to be rendered by a verb and conj. , viz.:— 1. as a temporal conj. , as Gn
2:4 ְאָם ְבּ ִהבָּֽרin their being created = when they were created, 4:8 ִבּהְיוֹתָםin their
being ( = when they were ) in the field; and constantly. Sometimes it has in appearance
the force of after that , as Gn 33:18 Ex 3:12 ; 13:17 ; but as a rule this is really due to
the action denoted by the inf. being treated as extending over a period within which the
action of the principal verb takes place: so especially in the phrase ֵאת ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַריִם ְבּצ
ִשׂ ָראֵל
ְ י, even of events at the close of the 40 years,Dt 4:45 ; 23:5 Jos 5:4 ; the whole
period being treated as that in which Egypt was left ( comp. 2 K 2:1 , where the time
included is future). Cases, however, occur in which this explanation will hardly apply, as
Dt 27:4 , 12 . 2. as a causal conj. ( cf. above III. 5 ), as Gn 19:16 ַת י׳
ָעלָיו ְבּ ֶח ְמל
through J .’s having compassion upon him, Ex 16:7 ; 33:16 ; 34:29 Dt 1:27 ְשׂנְאַת
ִבּ
י׳ אֹתָנוּthroughJ .’s hating us, etc. ( 9:28 similarly ִן
) מ, 1 K 18:18 ( = in that ye
have …) Ez 9:8 ; 43:8 ; 44:7 2 Ch 28:6 . 3. as a concessive conj. , when = though: Is
1:15 ψ 46:3 ֶץ ְבּ ָהמִיר אָ֑רthough the earth do change.
Note .— Ex 10:12 בָּאַ ְרבֶּהcan only be rendered ‘ with the locusts,’ the locusts being
conceived as implicit in Moses’ uplifted hand: but prob. ֶה לָאַ ְרבּshould be read. Thrice in
late Heb. בּ ְ is used peculiarly: 1 Ch 7:23 f or with misfortune was it in his house (
ְבּ ָרעָהchosen for the purpose of explaining ;) ְבּרִיעָה9:33 ֲעלֵיהֶם ַבּ ְמּלָאכָהit devolved
upon them with the work; Ezr 3:3 f or with terror (was it) upon them from the peoples of
the countries (the sentence without a verb as often in Chr.: Dr Intr. 504 f. ): cf. 8:34 .
Comp. Ew § 295 f.
† בְּמוֹ S 1119
TWOT 193
GK 1198
poet. for בּ
ְ ( v. sub מוֹ: cf. Sab. בם, DHM
ZMG 1883, 344
) Is 25:10 Qr ( < Kt ) ְבּמֵי 43:2 ; 44:16 , 19 ψ 11:2 Jb 9:30 Kt (
> Qr ) ְבמֵי 16:4 , 5 ; 19:16 ; 37:8 .
inf. Infinitive.
c. circa , about; also cum , with.
conj. conjecture(s); also conjection.
Dr S. R. Driver, Introduction to Literature of O. T.
Sab. Sabean.
DHM D. H. Müller.
ZMG Zeitschrift d. deutsch. Morgenländ. Gesellschaft.
II. בּ
ְS 1119
TWOT 193
GK 1198
, perhaps abbrev. in n.pr. for ֶן־
בּ, בֵּיתq.v.
בִּאָה S 872
TWOT 212a
GK 929
v. sub בּוֹא.
† ֵר ְבּאS 875 , 876 , 884 TWOT 194a GK 931 , 932 , 933 n. f. Gn 26:21 well, pit ,
mostly Hex , Gn 23 times Ex 1 times Nu 5 times, 37 times in all; Arabic ,
Aramaic ָא
ְבּ ֵאר, בֵּיר, בֵּירָא, , Sab. בארDHM ZMG 1875, 608 , Assyrian bêru ,
Lyon Sargon 61 ( connexion with above √ not clear; Lag l.c. ; spring of water, as
coming to light, appearing; possible, although meaning in use rather well , than
Qr Q e rê.
< indicates that the following is to be preferred to the preceding.
> indicates that the preceding is to be preferred to the following.
n.pr. nomen proprium, proper name.
vb. verb.
NH New (Late) Hebrew.
Lag P. de Lagarde, Bildung d. Nomina .
infr. infra, below.
Thes W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae .
Lag P. de Lagarde.
l.c. in loco citato.
Pf. Perfect.
ms. masculine singular.
Imv. Imperative.
Bö F. Böttcher, Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache .
n. nomen , noun.
Hex Hexatuch.
Lyon D. G. Lyon.
√ root or stem.
spring; v. however, Gn 16:14 cf. v 7 ; 26:19 Nu 21:17 ) — בּ׳ abs. Gn 21:30
+ ; cstr. 21:19 + ; sf. ְבּ ֵא ֶר֑ ָךPr 5:15 ; Pl. abs. ְבּ ֵארֹתGn 26:15 ; cstr. id.
26:18 ; cf. ֶבּאֱרֹת ֶבּאֱרֹת ֵחמָרGn 14:10 ;— 1. a well , often as made by digging (
) ָחפַר Gn 21:25 , 30 ( E ), 26:15 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 32 (all J ), also poet. Nu
21:18 ( + ) כרהvid. also v 16 , 17 (where the well addressed, in song, ֵר
ְבא ֲעלִי
; also c. כרהin prose Gn 26:25 ; also with no ref. to its origin Gn 16:14 ( J ; || עיִן ַ
v 7 ) 29:2 Ex 2:15 ( J ) Nu 20:17 21:22 ( E ) 2 S 17:18 , 21 ; מיִם ַ ) ְבּאֵר (הGn
21:19 ( E ) 24:11 ( J ; || עיִן ַ vv 13 , 16 , 43 , 45 ); ( cf. also 21:25 ; 26:18 supr.
& especially v 19 חיִּים ַ ;) ְבּאֵר ַמיִםwater taken from it by drawing ( ) ָשׁאַבGn
24:11 , 20 ; flocks watered from it ( ָה ִשׁק ְ ) מִן־ ה29:2 , 3 , 8 , 10 ( cf. especially
Ex 2:16 they drew , דלה, and filled the troughs); also ך ָ ְשׁתֵה ַמיִם … מִתּוֹ ְך ְבּ ֵא ֶ ֑רPr
5:15 ( || ;) בּוֹרthe opening called ֵר פִּי ַה ְבּאGn 29:2 , 3 ( ×2 ) 8 , 10 ; cf. ְפּנֵי הַבּ׳2
S 17:19 (read prob. פּיso Sam. S B , cf. Dr ); fig. of fresh delights of
woman beloved Ct 4:15 חיִּים ַ וְנוֹזְלִים מִן־ ְלבָנוֹן ַמ ְעיַן ַגּנִּים ְבּאֵר ַמיִם. 2. pit ( =
;) בּוֹרpits of bitumen Gn 14:10 ( cf. supr. ); ְבּאֵר ַשׁחַתψ 55:24 pit of ( the )
grave; cf. 69:16 ה ָ וְאַל־ ֶתּ ְאטַר ָעלַי ְבּאֵר פִּיand let not ( the ) pit shut its mouth
over me ( || ָה ;) מְצוּלfig. of strange woman ְבּאֵר ָצרָהa narrow pit , out of which
rescue is difficult Pr 23:27 ( || ָה ) ֲע ֻמקָּה שׁוּח. 3. as n.pr.loc. a. c. ָ — הloc.
ְבּ ֵא֫רָהa station of Isr. in desert Nu 21:16 , possibly = ְבּאֵר אֵילִיםIs 15:8 . b. same
form Ju 9:21 , according to Euseb. Lag Onom. 238, 2nd ed. 250 8 miles north of
Eleutheropolis; cf. Rob BR i. 452 who comp. el-Bîreh , near Beth-shemesh.
cstr. construct.
sf. suffix, or with suffix.
E Elohist.
vid. vide , see.
supr. supra, above.
Sam. Samaria, Samaritan (rarely = Samuel).
Targum.
B Vulgate.
n.pr.loc. nomen proprium loci, proper name of place.
loc. local, locality.
Lag P. de Lagarde, Onomastica Sacra .
Rob E. Robinson, Biblical Resarches.
† ְבּאֵר ַלחַי רֹאִי S 883
TWOT 194b
GK 936
n.pr.loc. ( lit. well of the living One
that seeth me ) Gn 16:14 (where explan., from story of Hagar) 24:62 ; 25:11 (all J
); perhaps name of ancient shrine or holy place, ַי
ַלחperhaps orig. I. ְלחִיJaw (- bone
); on n.pr.loc. cpd. with לחי, γνάθος , v. Ju 15:9 We Prol. 344 Nes Am. J. Sem.
Lang. xiii (1897), 176
. cf. Sta ZAW ii, 347 & Di Gn 16:14 ; W . of Kadesh, cf. Jer sub
Barad, Lag Onom. 101, 2nd ed. 135 , v. Rowlands in Williams Holy City, 489 Trumbull Kadesh-
Barnea 64
.
† ִי ְבּ ֵארS 882 GK 941 n.pr. m. ( my well ) . < the man from Beer ? Nes l.c.
. 1. a
Hittite, Esau’s father-in-law Gn 26:34 . 2. Hosea’s father Ho 1:1 .
I. † בּוֹר S 953
TWOT 194e
GK 1014
n. m. Gn 37:20 pit, cistern, well ( = בְּאֹר
, MI בר, Arabic hole or hollow for cooking, Assyrian bûrtum Dl Pr 182
, bûru Lotz
TP 169
) — בּ׳abs. Gn 37:22 + ; בֹּרEx 21:33 ( 2 S 23:20 Qr , v. בארsupr. );
cstr. בּוֹר2 K 10:14 + ( 2 S 23:15 , 16 Qr , v. בארsupr. ); ָה ֫ ( ָ — הloc. )
בֹּר
Gn 37:24 ; sf. בּוֹרוֹIs 36:16 = בֹּרוֹ2 K 18:31 ; ך ָ ֑ בּוֹ ֶרPr 5:15 ; pl. בֹּרוֹתGn
37:20 + 3 times; בֹּרֹתDt 6:11 :— 1. cistern , containing water, made by digging (
) חצבDt 6:11 2 Ch 26:10 Ne 9:25 ; also (without ref. to origin) Pr 5:15 ( || ְבּאֵר
), Lv 11:36 ( || עיָן ְ ) ַמ, 1 S 19:22 Is 36:16 = 2 K 18:31 . 2. later appar. well ( =
) ְבּאֵר1 Ch 11:17 , 18 = Qr 2 S 23:15 , 16 (yet now no well at Bethlehem Rob
BR i. 470, 473
cf. also Survey iii. 28 Guérin Judée i. 130 ) cf. Ec 12:6 & Je 6:7 Kt בור ֯
מֵימֶי ָה ְכּ ָהקִירas a well casteth out its water ( Qr ;) ַבּיִרbut הקירperhaps keep cool,
Bd Bädeker’s Palestine.
gent. gentis , of a people, gentilicium .
sg. singular.
MI Mesha-Inscription.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?
TP Tiglath-Pileser.
Guérin V. Guérin, Description geographique de la Palestine.
fresh B ) פתח, v 33 ( ) כרה, cf. v 34 ; cf.
Hi Gf 3. pit Ex 21:33 ( vb.
fig. ψ 7:16 of wickedness ( || ַת ; ַשׁחvb. כרה, ;) חפר1 S 13:6 as hiding-place; 2
S 23:20 ( Qr ) = 1 Ch 11:22 2 K 10:14 ֶד ; בּוֹר בֵּית ֵע֫קof pit into wh. Joseph was
cast Gn 37:20 , 22 , 24 ( מ֑יִםָ ) וְהַבּוֹר רֵק אֵין בּוֹv 28 , 29 ( ×2 ) (JE) cf. further
Je 41:7 , 9 ; fig. of Sarah as mother of Israel ֶת בּ׳ ַמ ֶקּבIs 51:1 ; fig. of calamity ψ
40:3 שׁאוֹן ָ ; בּוֹרcf. ψ 88:7 בּ׳ ַתּ ְחתִּיּוֹת. 4. dungeon (pit with no water in it Je
38:6 Zc 9:11 cf. Gn 37:24 supr. ) Gn 40:15 ; 41:14 ( E ) Is 24:22 Je 38:6 ( ×2 )
( מיִם
ַ ) בּ׳ אֵיןv 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 ; also בֵּית הַבּוֹרprison Ex 12:29 Je 37:16 ;
fig. of exile Zc 9:11 ( בּוֹ ;) מִבּוֹר אֵין ַמיִם cf. also La 3:53 , 55 . 5. (poet. & late;
never c. art.) pit of the grave Pr 28:17 ; so ב׳ אַ ְבנֵיstones of the pit Is 14:19 (of
sepulchre, walled with stones) & of Sh ’ôl ψ 30:4 ( || ֵי ב׳ ;) שׁאול יַ ְר ְכּתloins of (
the ) pit , i.e. remotest pit Is 14:15 ( || ) שׁאולEz 32:23 especially in phrase ֵי יוֹ ְרד
בוֹרthose going down to ( the ) pit ψ 28:1 ; 143:7 Is 38:18 Ez 26:20 ; 32:25 , 29 ,
30 ; also, ( || ) שׁאול, ψ 88:5 Pr 1:12 ; further Ez 26:20 32:18 , 24 (all || ֶץ ֶאר
) ַתּ ְחתִּיּוֹת, 31:14 , 16 (both || ; ַתּ ְחתִּית ֶארֶץv 14 || also ָמוֶת, v 16 ) ְשׁאוֹל.
† ָשׁן
ָ ( בּוֹר עso read for ordinary כור ע׳, v BD Gn, p. vi.
S ) n.pr.loc. 1 S
30:30 ( smoking pit ) , in S.W. of Judah; elsewhere ָשׁן
ָע q.v.
ַבּיִר S 953
TWOT 194e
GK 1071
Qr Je 6:7 v. ( בּוֹרsupra )
† ֵבּרִי S 1275
GK 1373
n.pr. m. a descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:36 ( perhaps =
) ְבּ ֵארִי.
† בֵּרוֹ֫תָה S 1268
GK 1363
n.pr.loc. near Hamath Ez 47:16 ( contr. from ָה
ְבּאֵרוֹת
? ) , cf. foll.;—hardly = Berytus (Beirût) with wh. form of name might agree v.
Hi F. Hitzig.
Gf K. H. Graf.
MV Gesenius, Handwörterbuch über das A. T. , edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck.
contr. contract, contracted.
Phen. ii. i, 110 n.
Steph. Byzant. al. in Movers ; perhaps Bereitān near Baalbek, v.
Furrer ZPV viii, 34.
† בֵּרֹתִי S 1307
GK 1409
adj. gent. 1 Ch 11:39 v ַה ְבּאֵרֹתִי supr.
† בָּאַשׁS 887
TWOT 195
GK 944
vb. have a bad smell, stink ( Arabic be evil ,
Aramaic ֵשׁ
ְבּא, be evil , Assyrian biÆšu Lotz ) — Qal Pf. וּבָאַשׁconsec. Ex
TP 78
Phen. Phenician.
ZPV Z. d. deutsch. Pal.-Vereins .
consec. consecutive.
Impf. Imperfect.
fs. feminine singular.
Lo R. Lowth.
sq. followed by.
acc. pers. acc. of person.
without obj. Pr 13:5 a wicked man makes odious and shameful ( De Now Str ; Be
Ew Hi Zö acts odiously and shamefully ). Hithp. Pf. ֲשׁוּ
ִה ְת ָבּא1 Ch 19:6 they had
made themselves odious ( = Niph. in || 2 S 10:6 ), sq. עִם.
† בְּאֹשׁ S 889
TWOT 195a
GK 945
n. m. stench — בּ׳cstr. Am 4:10 ; sf.
ָבּאְשׁוֹ Jo 2:20 ; ְשׁם
ָ ָבּאIs 34:3 ;— ַמ ֲחנֵיכֶם בּ׳, i.e. stench of corpses Am 4:10 , also
Is 34:3 ; cf. Jo 2:20 of locusts ָה בּ׳
) ַתּעַל ַצ ֲחנָתוֹ || ( ָעל.
† ְשׁה
ָ ָבּא S 890
TWOT 195b
GK 947
n. f. (stinking things) stinking or noxious
weeds , Jb 31:40 ְשׁה ַתּחַת ִחטָּה יֵעֵא חוֹ ַח וְ ַתחַת־
ָ ְשׂעֹרָה ָבאinstead of wheat may
there spring forth bramble, and instead of barley stinking weeds ( cf. Assyrian bîšu
Zehnpfund BAS I. 633 ) .
† ֻשׁים
ִ ְבא n. [ m. ] pl. stinking or worthless things, wild grapes ( NH n.
unit. ְאוּשׁה
ָ ( ) בּperhaps adj. om. ֲענָבִיםcf. Di ) Is 5:2 , 4 of Yahweh’s vineyard,
B labruscau ( v further De ).
† [ ָה
ָבּבS 892
TWOT 196
GK 949
] n. f. only ֵינוֹ
ע ָבּבַתZc 2:12 the apple of his
eye ( Aramaic ; ָא ָבּבgate Est 5:14 ; Thes sub נבבto which Ges gives sense
perforate , hence opening of eye; but cf. Arabic pupil of eye, perhaps = Dozy 49
babe, baby, bébé (imitating infant’s prattle) i.e. child of the eye; v. Hi St , Fl in
ChWB i. 419 b ; cf. ) ? אישׁוֹן
ֵבּבַי S 893
GK 950
n.pr. m. a chief of returning exiles ב֑י
ָ ֵבּNe 10:16 ; ֵבבַי ְבּנֵי Ezr
֑ ָ בֶּן־ ֵבּEzr 8:11 ; ֵב ָב֑י
8:11 ; בי ְבּנֵי Ezr 2:11 ; 10:28 Ne 7:16 .
obj. object.
Now W. Nowack.
Str H. L. Strack.
Be E. Bertheau.
Ew H. Ewals.
Zö O. Zöckler.
BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie u. Semit. Sprachwissenschaft , edd. Dl. & Hpt.
Ges W. Gesenius.
Dozy R. Dozy, (usually) Supple. aux Dict. Arabes.
St H. Steiner.
Fl H.L. Fleischer.
ChWB J. Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch.
ָבּ ֶב֫ל S 894 , 895
TWOT 197
GK 10093 , 951
262 n.pr.loc. Babel, Babylon ( in Assyrian
בַּג S 897
TWOT 225a
Ez 25:7 read ַז
בּv. בזז.
†[ ָבּגַדS 898
TWOT 198
GK 953
] vb. act or deal treacherously — Qal Pf. ָבּֽגְדָה
Je 3:20 + 14 times; Impf. יִבְגֹּדMal 2:15 + 5 times; נִ ְבגַּדMal 2:10 ; Inf. abs.
בָּגוֹדּ Is 48:8 Je 5:11 ; cstr. ְגֹדּ בּIs 33:1 ; ִבּגְדוֹEx 21:8 ; Pt. בֹּגֵדPr 22:12 + 11
times; בּוֹגֵדIs 33:1 + 10 times— act or deal treacherously, faithlessly, deceitfully , in
the marriage relation, in matters of property or right, in covenants, in word and in general
conduct. a. abs. 1 S 14:33 Jb 6:15 ψ 78:57 Is 24:16 ; 33:1 ( ×2 ) ; 48:8 Mal 2:11 .
Cf. phrases אחי בגדו כמו נחלmy brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook Jb 6:15 ;
ָבּגָ֑דוּ בֹּגְדִים ָבּגָ֑דוּ וּ ֶבגֶד בּוֹגְדִיםthe treacherous have dealt treacherously, yea in
treachery have the treacherous dealt treacherously Is 24:16 (striking alliteration); בֹּגְדֵי
אָוֶןtreacherous in wickedness ψ 59:6 . b. with בְּ Ex 21:8 ( E ), Ju 9:23 Is 33:1 ( ×2 )
ֶ ֫בּגS
† I. ֶד 899
TWOT 198a , 198d
GK 954 , 955
n. [ m. ] treachery , Is 24:16 Je
12:1 .
† [ ָגוֹד
בּS 901 TWOT 198c GK 957 ] adj. treacherous , f. ( בָּֽגוֹדָהon form cf.
Ew § 152 b Nö § 107 ) Je 3:7 , 10 .
ֶ ֫בּגS
II. ֶד 899
TWOT 198a , 198d
GK 954 , 955
n. m. ( except Lv 6:20 ָעלֶי ָה, but
Sam. עליו, Ez 42:14 Pr 6:27 , cf. Kö ) garment, covering — Gn 28:2 +
i , 482
36 times; sf. בּגְדוִֹ Ez 9:3 + (14 times without dag. lene Ges Lbg 94 ); pl. ְבּגָדִים
Lv 6:4 + 32 times; cstr. ֵי ִבְּגדGn 27:15 + 39 times; sf. ְבּגָדֶי ָך1 K 22:20 + 81
times ך
ָ ִבּגְדֹתֶיψ 45:9 ;— 1. garment, clothing, raiment, robe of any kind, from the
filthy clothing of the leper to the holy robes of the high priest, the simplest coverign
of the poor as well as the costly raiment of the rich and noble, used throughout Heb.
Lit.: Gn 24:53 ( J ), 28:20 ( E ; 14 times JE), Ex 28:2 + ( P 90 times), Dt 24:17
Ju 8:26 + 4 times 1 S 19:13 + 10 times, 1 K 1:1 + 23 times, 2 Ch 18:9 + (Chr 9
times), Est 4:1 , 4 Jb 13:28 ; 22:6 ; 37:17 ψ 22:19 ; 45:9 ; 102:27 ; 109:19 ; Pr
6:27 ; 20:16 ; 25:20 ; 27:13 Ec 9:8 Is 2 24:16 ; 36:22 ; 37:1 Is 3 50:9 + 10
times, Je 12:1 + 3 times, Ez 16:16 + 13 times, Jo 2:13 Am 2:8 Hg 2:12 Zc 3:3 ,
4 , 5 ; 14:14 ; בּגְדוֹ
ִ מְלֹאhis lap-ful 2 K 4:39 . 2. covering, wrapping , of furniture
of tabernacle Nu 4:6–13 (6 times); coverlet of a bed 1 S 19:13 .
† גוַי
ְ ִבּS 902 GK 958 n.pr. m. ( cf. Skr. bhagavân , happy ? ) 1. a companion of
Zerubbabel Ezr 2:2 = Ne 7:7 ; perhaps = head of a family of returning exiles Ezr
2:14 ( בְּגוָ֑י
ִ ) = Ne 7:19 , cf. Ezr 8:14 . 2. a chief of the people in Nehemiah’s time
Ne 10:17 ; cf. Sm Listen 13 .
abst. abstract.
Nö T. Nöldeke, Beiträge z. semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.
Kö E. König, Heb. Gram.
Ges W. Gesenius, Lehrgebaude d. Heb. Sprache.
Skr. Sanskrit.
Sm R. Smend, listen Der Bücher Esra u. Nehemia .
ִבְּגלַל S 1559
v. גלל.
† ִבּגְתָן S 904
GK 961
n.pr. m. ( Pers. bagadâna , gift of God ? ) a eunuch of
Ahasuerus Est 2:21 = ִבּגְ ָתנָא 6:2 .
† I. ַד
בּS 905 , 906 , 907
TWOT 199 , 201a , 202a
GK 963 , 964 , 965 , 966 , 967
֑ ָ n. [ m. ]
, בּד
white linen ( deriv. unknown ) pl. ַדּים אֵפוֹד ָבּ֑ד — בּ1 S 2:18 (priests of Nob), 2
S 6:14 = 1 Ch 15:27 (David): in P as material of diff. priestly vestments Ex
28:42 ; 39:28 Lv 6:3 ( ×2 ) 16:4 ( ×4 ) , 23 , 32 . Pl. בּדִּים
ַ ) (ה)לבושׁ ( ַהclad in
(the) linen garments , of angel Ez 9:2 , 3 , 11 ; 10:2 , 6 , 7 Dn 10:5 ; 12:6 , 7 .
II , III . ַד
בּS 905 , 906 , 907
TWOT 199 , 201a , 202a
GK 963 , 964 , 965 , 966 , 967
v. sub I , II.
בדד.
† ָבּדָא S 908
TWOT 200
GK 968
vb. devise, invent (bad sense) ( Mish. id. ,
Aramaic בּדָא
ְ , invent; cf. Arabic begin, make a beginning ) — Qal Pf. ָבּדָא 1K
12:33 ; Pt. sf. ( בּוֹדָאםinstead of ) בּוֹדְאָםNe 6:8 —Jeroboam devised a feast in
8th month 1 K 12:53 ; invent accusation Ne 6:8 .
† I. [ ָבּדַד S 909 TWOT 201 GK 969 ] vb. be separate, isolated ( Arabic cause to
withdraw; II. separate, disunite , Gn 11:8 Saad ; IV. divide into parts; X. go alone, act
independently ) , only Pt. בּוֹדֵדIs 14:31 (of straggler in army), Ho 8:9 ֶא בוֹדֵד לוֹ ֶפּר
a wild-ass ( sim. of Ephr. ) going alone for itself (i.e. wilfully: v sub ל
ְ ), ψ 102:8 (of
bird sitting solitarily).
Pers. Persian.
×4 four times.
Mish. Mishna.
Saad Arabic Version of Saadya.
sim. simile.
Ephr. Ephraimitic source or Ephrem Syrus.
II. בַּד S 905 , 906 , 907
TWOT 199 , 201a , 202a
GK 963 , 964 , 965 , 966 , 967
֑ ָ n. m.
, בד
separation concr. part ( portion ) — sf. (always with ל
ְ ) ְל ַבדִּי, ְלבַדּוֹetc., 3 f.
pl. † Gn 21:28 ְל ַב ְדּהֶן, v 29 —; ְל ַב ָדּ֫נָה1. with ְל, only in sg. , ְלבַדproposes in
a state of ( v sub ל
ְ ) separation, alone, by itself ( Fr à part ). a. Ex 26:9 ( = 36:16
) five curtains ַד
ְלבby themselves , and six curtains ְלבַדby themselves , Ju 7:5 him
shalt thou set לבדapart , Zc 12:12–14 . b. with sf. (89 times) to express the idea of
by oneself, alone (proposes in his, thy, my separation ), Gn 2:18 it is not good for
man to be ַדּוֹ ְלבalone , 21:28 and A. set the seven lambs ְל ַב ְדּהֶןby themselves (lit.
in their separation), 32:17 ; 43:32 2 S 10:8 Is 5:8 ; Gn 42:38 הוּא ְלבַדּוֹhe alone
, Ex 18:14 ך ָ אַתָּה ְל ַב ְדּthou alone , Nu 11:14 אָנֹכִי ְל ַבדִּיI alone , 1 K 19:10 , 14
; Dt 8:3 not upon bread alone , 29:13 2 S 13:32 ; 18:24 Is 44:24 ; 49:21 ; 63:3
+ ; after an oblique case, as a dat. Ex 22:19 Ju 3:20 ψ 51:6 ך ָ ְל ָך ְל ַב ְדּagainst thee
alone have I sinned; a genit. 71:16 I will make mention of ָ׃ ִצ ְדקָֽ ְת ָך ְל ַבדֶּֽךthe
righteousness of thee alone . c. as adv. of limitation, † Is 26:13 only through thee
do we celebrate the name, Ex 7:29 . d. followed by ִן מit becomes a prep., apart
from, besides , Ex 12:37 Nu 29:39 Dt 3:5 ; 18:8 (read ָיו
ִמ ְמּ ָכרwith S
Aq Ew Di ) Ju 8:26 ; 20:15 al. (15 times); once, Ezr 1:6 , with ַל
עinstead of מִן
. e. ַד
ִמ ְלּב33 (prob. inverted for ) ְלבַד מִןbesides (Chiefly P and late): Gn 26:1 ;
46:26 Lv 9:17 ; 23:38 (4 times) Nu 5:8 ; 6:21 ; 17:14 + 12 times Nu 28–29 ; Dt
28:69 Jos 22:29 1 K 10:13 1 Ch 3:9 2 Ch 9:12 ; 17:19 ; 31:16 Ezr 2:65 = Ne
7:67 Dn 11:4 . With sf. † Dt 4:35 ַדּוֹ אֵין עוֹד ִמ ְלּבthere is none else besides him (
cf. ִמ ַבּ ְל ָעדַי Is 45:21 ).
concr. concrete.
Fr S. Frensdorff.
adv. adverb.
Aq Aquila.
gate) Jb 17:16 fig. ( ַבּדֵּי ְשׁאֹלcf. Is 38:10 ) read ִי
( ַה ִע ָמּדfor ) ַבּדֵּי Du Dr ,
with ח֑ת
ָ ֵ נin v ) ֫נָח.
b (for ַת
† ָבּדָד S 910
TWOT 201b
GK 970
n. [ m. ] isolation, separation : Is 27:10 עִיר
בְּצוּרָה ָבּדָדthe fenced city is isolation , i.e. is solitary ( subst.
for adj. : Dr § 189.2 );
more usually as adv. accus., to signify alone , Dt 32:12 ; especially with vbs. of
dwelling, Lv 13:46 ֵשׁב ֵ ָבּדָד יhe shall dwell alone (lit. in isolation ), Je 15:17 La
1:1 ; 3:28 : fig. of freedom from attack, security Dt 33:28 (of Isr.), Je 49:31
(Kedar); so בדָד
ָ ְלNu 23:9 (Isr.) Mi 7:14 ψ 4:9 f or thou תּוֹשׁי ֵבנִי ִ ְל ָבדָד ָל ֶבטַח
makest me dwell solitarily , in safety ( v. Dt 33:28 ).
† III. [ ַד
בּS 905 , 906 , 907
TWOT 199 , 201a , 202a
GK 963 , 964 , 965 , 966 , 967
] n. m. only
Pl. ַבּדִּים. a. empty, idle talk ( Ph. CIS listen not to = בדנםHeb. ; ַבּדֵּיהֶםcf.
3, 6
vain talk ) , especially with collat. idea of imaginary pretensions or claims: Jb 11:3
ְמתִים יַ ֲחרִישׁוּ ַבּדֶּי ָךthy idle talk brings men to silence ( || ) וַ ִתּ ְלעַג, Is 16:6 (of
Moab) ָיו לֹא כֵן ַבּדּhis boastings are not right (unfounded), hence Je 48:30 . b.
concr. empty talkers, praters ( cf. NH בּדָּאָה ַ , Syriac liar ) , of false prophets, Is
44:25 Je 50:36 .
ְבּדֵי S 1767
TWOT 425
GK 972
v. דַּי.
Du B. Duhm.
subst. substantive.
Dr S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses;
vbs. verbs.
i.q. id quod, i. e. the same with.
CIS Corpus Inscript. Semiticarum.
LXX of Lucian ( Lag ).
[ ָבּדַלS 914
TWOT 203
GK 976
] vb. be divided, separate ( Arabic change,
substitute , Mish. ָבּדַלdivide , Syriac Ithp. Ethp. ) — Hiph. divide, separate; Pf.
ִה ְבדִּילNu 16:9 Dt 10:8 ; sf. וְ ִה ְבדִּילוֹconsec. Dt 29:20 ; 3 fs. וְ ִה ְבדִּילָהEx 26:33
;תָּ וְ ִה ְב ַדּ ְלNu 8:14 ; ִה ְבדִּילוּEz 22:26 , etc. Impf. יַ ְבדִּילLv 1:17 + ; וַיַּ ְבדֵּלGn 1:4 ,
7 1 Ch 25:1 ; sf. לנִי ַ יַ ְבדִּיIs 56:3 ; וָאַ ְבדִּלLv 20:26 ; וָאַ ְבדִּילָהEzr 8:24 , etc.; Inf.
abs. בדֵּל ְ ַהIs 56:3 ; cstr. ְל ַה ְבדִּילGn 1:14 + ; Pt. ַמ ְבדִּילGn 1:6 ; ַמ ְבדִּילִיםIs 59:2
;— 1. divide, separate , subj. God Gn 1:4 sq. ֵין בֵּין … וּבbetween light and darkness ,
cf. v 7 ; subj. heavenly bodies v 14 , 18 ; subj. firmament sq. ל ְ … בֵּיןGn 1:6 (all
in P ’s source); Ex 26:33 of the ֶת פָּרֹכin tab., sq. … ; ָלכֶם בֵּין … וּבֵיןof iniquities,
separating men from God ֵין בֵּין … ְלבIs 59:2 . 2. separate, set apart , sq. מִן, of י׳,
setting off Isr. from other peoples Lv 20:24 ( H ) Nu 16:9 ( P ); Lv 20:26 sq. also
; ִלהְיוֹת לִיcf. 1 K 8:53 ִהבְדּ׳ ְל ָך ְלנַ ֲחלָהseparate them to thyself as an inheritance; of
Moses, setting apart Levites, sq. מִתּוֹ ְך Nu 8:14 ; of separating an individual from the
people, i.e. excluding him Dt 29:20 , sq. also ָה
; ְל ָרעsq. ֵמעַל Is 56:3 ( ×2 )
, i.e.
excluding him; cf. also Ne 13:3 sq. ; מִןof setting apart (forbidding) beasts as unclean
ָלכֶם ְל ַטמֵּאLv 20:25 ; of setting apart the tribe of Levi ָשׂאת וגו׳ ֵ לDt 10:8 (subj. ;) י׳
cf. also (hum. subj.) 1 Ch 25:1 , sq. ֲבֹדָה ַלע, 2 Ch 25:10 sq. Inf. ; similarly Ezr
8:24 ; even sq. ; ptcp. Ez 39:14 they shall set apart men ִים עֹ ְבר, i.e. to pass through ,
or men that shall pass through ( RV ); so of setting apart cities, acc. Dt 4:41 cf. 19:2 ,
7 . 3. make a distinction between clean and unclean, holy and profane, sq. ֵין בֵּין … וּב
Lv 20:25 ( H ); 10:10 ; 11:47 (both P ); sq. ל ְ … בֵּיןEz 22:26 ; 42:20 . 4. divide into
parts Lv 1:17 ; 5:8 ( P ), prohibited in case of fowls offered in sacrifice. Niph. Pf.
נִ ְבדְּלוּ1 Ch 12:8 Ezr 9:1 ; Impf. יִ ָבּדֵלEzr 10:8 ; וַיִּ ָבּדֵל1 Ch 23:13 ; וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּEzr
10:16 Ne 9:2 ; Imv. ְלוּ ִהבָּֽדNu 16:21 Ezr 10:11 ; Pt. נִ ְבדָּלEzr 6:21 Ne 10:29 . 1.
(reflex. of Hiph. 2 ) a. separate oneself from people of the land, heathen, and their
practices, also from non-Jewish wives, sq. ִן מEzr 6:21 ; 9:1 ; 10:11 Ne 9:2 ; abs. in
same sense Ezr 10:16 ( cf. Sta G ii. 199 & 179 n. Wl Pharisäer u. Sadd. 76 ). b. withdraw from
(Moses & Aaron from Israel) Nu 16:21 ( P ), sq. ך ְ מִתּוֹ. c. separate oneself unto ( ) אֶל
David 1 Ch 12:8 . d. Ne 10:29 combines. a. & c. separate oneself אֶל־תּוֹרַת ָהאֱלֹהִים
ֵמ ַעמֵּי הָֽ ֲארָצוֹת. 2. pass. , be separated . a. be excluded from the people, sq. מִןEzr
10:8 . b. be set apart , of Aaron, sq. קדִּישׁוֹ ְ ְל ַה1 Ch 23:13 .—On הבדיל, & distinction
from הפרידv. Dr JPh. xi. 219
.
H Code of Holiness.
RV Revised Version.
Sta B. Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel.
† [ ָל
ָבּדS 915
TWOT 203a
GK 977
] n. [ m. ] piece, severed piece , cstr.
ְבּדַל־אֹזֶן Am 3:12 .
† [ ָה
ִמ ְב ָדּלS 3995
TWOT 203b
GK 4426
] n. f. separate place , ָלוֹת
ַה ִמּ ְבדּJos
16:9 (appos. ִים
;) ֶה ָערbut read prob. ַה ֻמּ ְבדָּלוֹתHoph. Pt. from בדל, or ַהנִּ ְבדָּלוֹת
Niph. Pt. cf. Di
† ְבּדִיל S 913
TWOT 203c
GK 974
n. [ m. ] alloy, tin, dross ( orig. that which is
separated from precious metal; cf. Plin. Hist. Nat. xxiv. 16, xxxiii. 9 ) — בּ׳abs. Nu 31:22
+ 4 times; Pl. sf. ְבּדִי ָל֑יְִךIs 1:25 ;— 1. alloy, Is 1:25 fig. of evil of Jerusalem,
which י׳will remove ( ִיר ) ִסגָ֑יְִך || ; ֵהס. 2. tin ( plumbum album ) Nu 31:22 ( P ; +
ֶ נ, ַבּ ְרזֶל, ;) עֹ ָפ֑רֶתfig. of Isr. Ez 22:18 ( + ְחשׁת
זָהָב, ֶכּסֶף, ְחשׁת ֶ נ, ַבּ ְרזֶל,
;) עוֹ ֶפרֶתin simile v 20 ( + id. + ;) ֶכּסֶףas article of commerce brought to Tyre
from Tarashish Ez 27:12 ( + ֶף ֶכּס, ַבּ ְרזֶל, ) עוֹ ֶפרֶת. 3. plummet , ָה ֶאבֶן ַה ְבּדִיל
(appos.) Zc 4:10 .
† בְּדֹ֫לַח S 916
TWOT 203d
GK 978
n. [ m. ] prob. bdellium ( S ; בְּדוּ ְלחָא
; etym. dub. ; Lag Ges . Abh. 20 prop. Skr. udûkhala ) c. art. ְ׳
ַהבּ, apparently
therefore well known; one of the products of the land Havilah Gn 2:12 ; used in
simile of colour of manna ַח וְעֵינוֹ ְכּעֵין ַהבְּדֹלNu 11:7 .—Meaning somewhat
uncertain; Gn 2:12 ἄνθραξ , Nu 11:7 κρύσταλλος ; Saad . A W Ki Bö al.
pearls , cf. Lag Or ii. 44 ; Jos Ant. iii, 1, 6 Aq Theod Symm B most bdellium ,
an odoriferous transparent gum, of yellowish colour. ( Cf. Smith Dict. Bible Sigismund
Armata, 18
.)
( בדקpenetrate, split ? cf. Aramaic ְבּדַק, explore; but these perhaps denom. cf.
Lag GN 1882, 400
).
ֶ ֫בּדֶק S 919
TWOT 204a
GK 981
n. m. 2 K 12:6 fissure, rent, breach ( Aramaic
ִבּי ְדקָא, ( Nasar ) ) — בּ׳ abs. 2 K 12:6 ; cstr. ib. + 6 times; sf. ִבּ ְד ֵק ְך Ez 27:9 ,
27 ;—in as building; temple בּיִת
ַ ַה ב׳2 K 12:6 , 7 , 8 ( ×2 )
, 9 ; 22:5 , cf. 12:13 (
;) ב׳ בֵּית י׳
v 6 abs. ; law. c. ִחזֵּקrepair; cf. ב׳ ַמ ֲחזִיקֵיrepairers of thy fissures
Ez 27:9 , 27 (of Tyre).
† [ ַק
ָבּדS 918
TWOT 204
GK 980
] vb. denom. mend, repair , only Qal Inf. cstr.
ִלבְדוֹק וּ ְל ַחזֵּק ַה ָבּ֑יִת 2 Ch 34:10 .
בההTWOT 205
( cf. Arabic be empty; on a possible connexion in Assyrian cf. Hpt
BAS i. 18
).
† ֫
בֹּהוּ S 922
TWOT 205a
GK 983
n. [ m. ] emptiness ( on form v. Ges
§ 84 a, 1
b
Sta § 95, 198 a
, on usage cf. Lag Or ii. 60 f.
) always c. תֹּהוּ q.v. ;— תֹּהוּ וָבֹהוּ
Gn 1:2 of primæval earth; Je 4:23 of earth under judgment of ; י׳ וְאַ ְבנֵי בֹהוּ
קַו־תֹֿהוּ Is 34:11 , the line of wasteness and the stones of emptiness , i.e. plummets,
employed, not as usual for building, but for destroying walls; cf. Di v. sub אבן6 .
† ַ ֫בּהַט S 923
TWOT 206
GK 985
n. [ m. ] a costly stone, perhaps porphyry ( cf.
Egyptian behiti, behet, behat Brugsch Dict. v. 438
Dümichen Gesch. 167 f.
Wendel Altäg. Bau-
We J. Wellhousen.
Nasar Lexid. cod. Nasaraei, ed. M. Norberg.
Hpt Sacred Books of the O.T., ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).
Sta B Stade, Heb. Gram.
Gesch. Geschichte.
u. Edelsteine (1888) 77 f.
; has σμαραγδίτης ) , Est 1:6 ָשׁשׁ וְדַר וְסֹ ָח֑רֶת
ֵ רִֽ ֲצפַת ב׳־ו
עַלupon a pavement of porphyry and marble , etc.
†[ ָבּהַלS 926
TWOT 207
GK 987
] vb. ( NH id. Pt. pass. בהולdisquieted; Pi.
disquiet; Pa. ֵיל ַבּהhasten, be precipitate , also dismay: but is be quiet ) — Niph. Pf.
נִ ְבהַל1 S 28:21 ; נִ ְב ֲהלָהψ 6:4 ; נִ ְב ַה ְלתִּיIs 21:3 ; וְנִ ְב ָה֑ ְלתִּיconsec. Jb 21:6 ; נִ ְבהֲלוּ
Gn 45:3 + , etc.; Impf. ֵל וַיִּ ָבּהJu 20:41 ; 2 ms. ִתּ ָבּהֵלEc 8:3 ; יִ ָבּהֵלוּ֑ןψ 104:29 ,
etc.; Pt. ָל נִ ְבהψ 30:8 ; נִֽ ֳבהָלPr 28:22 ; f. נִ ְב ָהלָהZp 1:18 ;— 1. bedisturbed,
dismayed, terrified , Gn 45:3 ( E ) Ju 20:41 1 S 28:21 2 S 4:1 ( || ְפּוּ יָדָיו וַיִּר, cf. Ez
7:27 supr. ); of bones of sufferer ψ 6:3 ( || cf. infr. v 4 ); of hands of dismayed
people Ez 7:27 ; especially at chastisements & judgments of י׳Ex 15:15 (song, in E )
ψ 6:4 (subj. ֶשׁ
נֶפ, || cf. supr. v 3 ) v 11 ( || ) בושׁ30:8 ; 48:6 ; 104:29 ; 83:18 ( ||
) בושׁ 90:7 Is 13:8 ; 21:3 ( sq. מִןso as not to ) Jb 23:15 ( ) מפניJe 51:32 Ez 26:18
( del. Co ); Jb 4:5 ( || ) לאה, cf. also 21:6 as adj. terrible Zp 1:18 ָכּלָה
אַךְ־נִ ְב ָהלָה. 2. be in haste, hasty (late, cf. Aramaic above): Ec 8:3 אַל־תִּבּ׳ ִמ ָפּנָיו ֵתּ ֵל ְך
be not hasty ( to ) go from him; Pr 28:22 נִ ֳבהָל לַהוֹןhastening after riches . Pi. Impf.
וַיְ ַבהֵלEst 2:9 ; sf. יְ ַב ֲהלֻהוּDn 11:44 ; וִי ַב ֶה ְל ָךJb 22:10 ; יְ ַב ֲהלֵמוֹψ 2:5 ; 2 ms.
ְתּ ַב ֲהלֵםψ 83:16 ; אַל־ ְתּ ַבהֵלEx 5:1 ; 7:9 ; Inf. sf. ְל ַב ֲה ֵלנִי2 Ch 35:21 ; ָ — ם
32:18 ; Part. מבלהיםKt , ִים ְמ ַב ֲהלQr Ezr 4:4 ( BeRy pref. Kt , v. —;) בלהּ1.
dismay, terrify , sq. sf. 2 Ch 32:18 ( || ) ירא, Dn 11:44 Jb 22:10 (subj. ַד ) ַפּח, ψ 2:5
(subj. ) י׳83:16 ( || ; רדףsubj. ;) י׳cf. also Ezr 4:4 ( v. sub ) בלהּ. 2. hasten, make
haste, act hastily (late), 2 Ch 35:21 לנִי ֵ וֵאלֹהִים אָמַר ְל ַב ֲהGod hath given command to
speed me ( RVm ); sq. inf. make haste Est 2:9 ; of hasty speech Ec 5:1 ך ָ עַל־פִּי
;) וְִל ְבּ ָך אַל־יְ ַמהֵר לְהוֹצִיא ָדבָר || ( אַל־תְּב׳of anger Ec 7:9 אַל־תְּב׳ בְּרוּ ֲח ָך ִלכְעוֹם.
Pu. Pt. pl. ִים מְבֹ ָהלEst 8:14 , cf. מְבֹ ֶהלֶתQr Pr 20:21 (so read with Vrss Now
Str ; AV RV ); Kt מבחלתv. —; בחלhastened Est 8:14 of royal posts ( || ִים ;) דְּחוּפ
hastily gained ְב׳ נַ ֲחלָה מPr 20:21 . Hiph. Pf. sf. ִה ְבהִי ָל֑נִיJb 23:16 ; Impf. sf.
וַיַּ ְבהִלוּהוּ2 Ch 26:20 ; 3 mpl. וַיַּ ְבהִלוּEst 6:14 ;— 1. dismay, terrify , sq. sf. Jb
15:8 ;— sudden terror Lv 26:16 ֶם בּ׳ ( וְ ִה ְפ ַק ְד ִתּ֫י ֲעלֵיכappositives follow); cf. Je
15:8 ; Is 65:23 ָה
לֹא יֵֽלְדוּ ַל ֶבּ ָהל, ψ 78:33 וּשׁנוֹתָם ַבּ ֶבּ ָהלֶה וַיְכַל־ ַבּ ֶהבֶל ְ יְמֵי ֶה֑ם
and he ended their days in a breath, and their years in sudden terror.
בהםTWOT 208
( Arabic IV. shut , X. impeded in speech, tongue-tied; Ethiopic be
dumb ) .
בהןTWOT 209
( cf. Arabic IV. shut, cover ( v. foregoing) whence also = ; בֹּהֶןas
closing and covering the hand, cf. Lane ).
† ֫
בֹּהֶן S 931
TWOT 209a
GK 984 , 991
n. [ f. ] ( cf. Sta
§ 310 c
) c. יַדthumb , c.
ֶרגֶלgreat toe ( Arabic & (vulg.) ) — בּ׳only cstr. Ex 29:20 ( ×2 ) + 12 times; pl.
cstr. ְהֹנוֹת בּJu 1:6 , 7 (from sg. [ ] בְּהוֹןas always Cod. Sam. for MT בֹּהֶן
);— thumb ( בּ׳ יָדוֹ ) יָדָם, & great toe ( ָם ( בּ׳ ַרגְלוֹ ) ַרְגלalways named together) Ex
29:20 ( ×2 )
Lv 8:23 ( ×2 )
, 24 ( ×2 )
; 14:14 ( ×2 ) , 17 ( ×2 ) , 25 ( ×2 ) , 28 ( ×2 ) ; ְהֹנוֹת
בּ
י׳ וְר׳Ju 1:6 , 7 .
† ֫
בֹּהַן S 932
GK 992
n.pr. m. ( closing, covering ? ) בֶּן־רְאוּבֵן ֶאבֶן בּ׳ Jos 15:6
; 18:17 , a mark of division between Judah & Benjamin.
בהקTWOT 210
( NH ָבּהַקshine , Aramaic ְבּהַק, , Aph. id. ; hence ַבּ ֲהקִיתָא, an
eruption, v. sq. )
† ֫
בֹּהַק S 933
TWOT 210a
GK 993
n. m. a harmless eruption on the skin ( NH
בהרTWOT 211
( NH Hiph. be bright, shine; cf. Aramaic ַר
ְבּה, (not Pe .) &
deriv.; Ethiopic Arabic surpass , especially in brightness, shine brightly ) .
† ָבּהִיר S 925
TWOT 211b
GK 986
adj. bright, brilliant , of light; only Jb 37:21
ַשּׁ ָחקִים
ְ לֹא רָאוּ אוֹר בּ׳ הוּא בּ.
בּוֹאS 935
TWOT 212
GK 995
2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go ( Assyrian bâ’u Hpt
KAT 499
, Ethiopic Arabic return ) — Qal Pf. בָּאGn 6:13 + ; 3 fs. ָ ֫בּאָהGn 15:17 + ;
sf. ְנוּ בָּאַתψ 44:18 ; 2 ms. ָ ֫בּא ָתJos 13:1 + , ָ ֫בּאתָה2 S 3:7 ; 2 fs. בָּא ְתGn 16:8
Ru 2:12 , ת ְ וּבָאconsec. Ru 3:4 2 S 14:3 Mi 4:10 ; 3 pl. בָּאוּGn 7:9 + ; 1 pl.
בָּאנוּGn 32:7 + ( בָּנוּ1 S 25:8 ), etc.; Impf. יָבוֹאGn 32:9 + , יָבֹאGn 49:10 + ; 3
fs. ָבוֹא תּGn 41:50 + ; sf. תְּבוֹ ֽאָ ְת ָךJb 22:21 (but text dub. v. Kö i . 644 ); 2 ms.
תָּבוֹאGn 15:15 + ; 2 fs. תָּבוֹאִיRu 3:17 + ; 1 s. אָבוֹאGn 33:14 + ; cohort. אָבֹאָה ֫
Ju 15:1 , אָבוֹאָה ֫ Gn 29:21 + , וַתָּבֹאתִי1 S 25:34 ( Qr וַתָּבֹאת, but text prob. wrong,
v. Kö i . 647
Dr , read ִי
;) וַתָּבֹא3 pl. m. יָבוֹאוּGn 6:20 + , also (by textual error)
בֹּאוּJe 27:18 cf. Kö i . 645 , בֹאוּן ֑ ְ יψ 95:11 , sf. יְבֹאוּנִיψ 119:77 , וִיבֹ ֻאנִיv 41
; 3 f. pl. ָָבֹאן תּGn 30:38 , תָּבוֹאנָה1 S 10:7 + ; תְּבֹאֶינָה1 S 10:7 ψ 45:16 , etc.;
Imv. בּוֹא, בֹּאGn 7:1 + , בֹּאָה ֫ 1 S 20:21 1 K 13:7 , ֫בּוֹאִי, בֹּאִי ֫ 2 S 13:11 + ;
mpl. בֹּאוּ ֫ Gn 45:17 + ; Inf. בּוֹא, בֹּאGn 39:16 + ; sf. בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִיGn 48:5 + ,
בּוֹ ֲא ָך1 S 29:6 + , בֹּ ֲאכָהGn 10:19 + , etc., בֹּאָםGn 34:5 + , בֹּאָןGn 30:38 cf.
Ez 42:12 (where Co for ְבוֹאָן בּreads ;) לבוא להנהPt. בָּאGn 33:1 + ; f. בָּאָ֫הGn
29:6 + , בּ֫אָה ָ ַהGn 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N. ); pl. ָבּאִיםGn 18:11 + ; cstr.
ָבּאֵיGn 23:10 + ; f. abs. בָּאוֹתGn 41:29 ; (see further on forms Kö i . 634 f. );— 1.
come in , sq. ֶל אGn 6:18 ; 7:9 , 13 , sq. ְבּGn 19:8 & so (subj. ) רוּ ַחEz 2:2 ; 37:10
, sq. ל ְ Est 6:4 , sq. ָ — הloc. Gn 12:11 ; 41:57 Nu 14:24 , sq. acc. ( ) ביתJu
18:18 2 K 11:19 cf. ψ 100:4 ( ָיז ) ַשׁ ֲער, & ָבּאֵי ַשׁעַר עִירוֹGn 23:10 , 18 ; even of
Pe J. J. S. Perowne.
KAT E. Schrader, Keilinschr. u. d. Alte Testament.
lifeless things 2 K 18:21 , ַפּוֹ
ְבכ ( וּבָאof broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink ( sq.
) אֶל־Dn 10:3 cf. Gn 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); v. also ( sq. ) ְבּNu
5:22 , 24 , 27 ; abs. Gn 7:16 ; 24:31 1 K 1:42 ; 14:6 cf. 2 K 11:5 , 9 = 2 Ch
23:4 , 8 + ; more partic. a. opp. ָא יָצ, go out and come in ( Sab. בהאם וצֿאם אוHal
152
) Jos 6:1 1 K 15:17 = 2 Ch 16:1 2 K 11:8 = 2 Ch 23:7 ; especially in sense of
going about one’s affairs Dt 28:6 ; 19 Zc 8:10 ψ 121:8 ; id. + ישׁב2 K 19:27 = Is
37:28 ; also sq. ָם ִל ְפנֵי ָהעetc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Nu 27:17 2 Ch 1:10 cf. 1 K
3:7 ; of leading an army 1 S 18:13 , 16 cf. also Jos 14:11 ; v. further Dt 31:2 1 S
29:6 & sub c. infr. b. of taking part in worship of congregation Dt 23:2 , 3 ( ×2 ) , 4 ( ×2
)
+ ( sq. בּ
ְ ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Ex 28:29 , 35 Lv 16:22 (all
sq. ) אֶל־, Ex 28:30 ( sq. ) ִל ְפנֵי יהוה, Lv 16:17 ( sq. inf. ) + . c. of entering on
official duty 2 K 11:9 = 2 Ch 23:8 1 Ch 27:1 (all opp. ) יצא. d. of bride coming
into her husband’s house Jos 15:18 = Ju 1:14 . e. of entering a woman’s tent or
apartment (with implication coire cum femina , cf. Arabic NH ִיאָה בּcoitio ; on origin
ִשׁתִּי ֶה ָח֑ ְדר
of this use of word cf. RS K 90, 167, 291 ) Ju 15:1 ָה ְ אֶל־א, 16 ; 1 Gn 6:4 ;
16:2 ; 30:3 ; 38:8 , 9 ; 39:14 Dt 22:13 2 S 12:24 ; 16:21 ; 20:3 Ez 23:44 ( ×3 ) Pr
6:29 (all sq. ֶל־ ;) אsq. עַל־Gn 19:31 Dt 25:5 ִשּׁה יָבֹא ָעלֶי ָה ָ ; וּ ְל ָקחָהּ לוֹ ְלאcf.
ָבּאֶי ָה Pr 2:19 ;—subj. rarely woman Gn 19:34 2 S 11:4 . f. of associating with ( sq. ְבּ
) Jos 23:7 , 12 cf. Gn 49:6 ְשׁי
ִ ) ִבּ ְק ָהלָם || אַל־ ֵתּחַד ( בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפ. g. of
entering into specific relations, ָה
בּ׳ בְאָל, ( בּ׳ ִב ְברִיתv. אלה, ְב ָדמִים בּוֹא ;) ברית
come into blood-guiltiness , became guilty of murder 1 S 25:26 . h. of burial, בּ׳
אֶל־ ֶקבֶר1 K 13:22 ; 14:13 cf. תָּבוֹא אֶל־אֲבוֹתֶי ָךGn 15:15 ( || ) ִתּ ָקּבֵר. i. of sun, set
(go in, enter, cf. Assyrian erîb šamši COT Gn 19:23 ; opp. יצאgo forth, rise ) Gn
15:12 , 17 ; 28:11 Ex 17:12 ; 22:25 Lv 22:7 Dt 16:6 ; 23:12 ; 24:13 , 15 Jos 8:29
; 10:13 , 27 Ju 19:14 Ec 1:5 2 S 2:24 ; 3:35 1 K 22:36 ; 18:34 ; so also fig. Je
15:9 of calamity ָם
ְשׁהּ בְּעוֹד יוֹמ
ָ ַשּׁ ְבעָה || ( בּאה ִשׁמ
ִ ֻא ְמ ְללָה יֹ ֶלדֶת הetc.), cf. Is 60:20
; Mi 3:6 ַשּׁמֶשׁ עַל־ ַהנְּבִיאִים
ֶ וּב׳ הof ignorance and confusion. j. of harvest, come in =
be gathered Lv 25:22 ( cf. ְבוּאָה ;) תּso of revenue ( income ) 1 K 10:14 = 2 Ch 9:13
( sq. ל
ְ pers. ),— opp. יצאbe expended . k. in other phrases: וַתָּבֹא ָהעִיר ַבּמָּצוֹר2 K
24:10 + and the city came into siege; cf. ψ 105:18 ָאָה נַפְשׁוֹ ַבּ ְרזֶל בּhis soul came into
iron ( v. AV RVm ; Che felt iron chains , cf. Ew Ol Hup Pe ; Hi De al.
Hal J. Halévy.
RS W. Robertson Smith, Kinship & Marriage in Early Arabia;
×3 three times.
pers. person, personae.
Ol J. Olshausen.
Hup H. Hupfeld.
iron came upon his soul ); ִים
ַבּיָּמ בָּאcome into ( the ) days , = advanced in age Gn
24:1 Jos 13:1 ; 23:1 (all || ֵן
;) זָקon 1 S 17:12 v. Dr 2. come (approach, arrive) opp.
ָה ַל ְךGn 16:8 1 S 20:21 ( cf. v 22 ) Ne 6:17 Ec 5:14 , 15 (of birth opp. death);
sq. ֶל־ אpers. vel rei Gn 14:7 ; 37:23 ; sq. עַל־ Ex 18:23 2 Ch 20:24 ( come up
upon , almost = ascend ); cf. also Lv 21:11 Nu 6:6 ; sq. ְל1 S 9:12 2 Ch 29:17 ;
sq. ַד עNu 13:22 Ju 15:14 2 S 16:5 ; cf. ַשׁבֵּר ְ בָּאוּ ָבנִים עַד־מ2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3
children have come to the birth; sq. ַד ע+ אֶל2 K 9:20 ; בָּא עַד ֲאלֵיהֶםsq. ָ — ה
loc. Ju 11:16 2 K 6:4 ; sq. acc. 1 S 4:12 ; 2 K 8:7 Je 32:24 ; cf. also La 1:4 ֵי ָבּא
מוֹעֵדthose coming to an appointed feast; abs. Gn 45:16 Joseph’s brethren are come ,
& often; also of lifeless things, ark of י׳1 S 4:6 ; wind Jb 1:19 ; so ל֑י
ָ ַכּ ְס ְפּכֶם בָּא ֵאGn
43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to
us Nu 32:19 ( c. ֶל־
;) אso 1 S 9:16 its cry is come unto me , cf. Gn 18:21 Ex 3:9
La 1:22 ; of time, often of imminent future, especially in phr. ִים
ָבּא ִהנֵּה יָמִים Is 39:6 =
2 K 20:17 Je 7:32 ; 9:24 ; 16:14 ; 19:6 ; cf. also 1 S 26:10 Ez 7:7 + ; of day of י׳
Jo 2:1 ; 3:4 Zc 14:1 Mal 3:2 , 19 , 23 ; also ptcp. as adj. ַהיָּמִים ַה ָבּאִיםEc 2:16
cf. Je 47:4 ; as subst. ָאוֹת ַהבּIs 41:22 things to come , future things; & ַה ָבּאִיםalone
= adv. in ( days ) to come Is 27:6 ; partic. a. come with , i.e. come, bringing, sq. בּ ְ:
אָבוֹא בֵי ְת ָך בְעוֹלוֹתψ 66:13 ; אָבוֹא ִבּגְבֻרוֹת אדני י׳ψ 71:16 ( || ) אַזְכִּיר ִצ ְדקָֽ ְת ָךso
Lv 16:3 & perhaps Pr 18:6 — cf. בּ ְ III. 1. b. b. come upon, fall or light upon , of
enemy, attack , sq. ַל־ עGn 34:27 1 S 11:12 cf. Gn 32:9 ( sq. ;) אֶל־sq. sf. Jb
15:21 , so also 20:22 Ez 32:11 ; of calamity, etc. Pr 10:24 ; 28:22 ψ 36:12 ; 44:18
(all c. sf. ); sq. ל
ְ Jb 3:25 ( || אתהc. sf. ) Is 47:9 ( || ;) בוא עלof blessing, sq.
עַל־ Jos 23:15 ; sq. sf. Jb 22:21 ( cf. Di ) ψ 119:41 , 77 . c. come to pass , of signs,
wonders, predictions, etc. Dt 13:3 Jos 23:14 1 S 9:6 ( ) בֹּא יָבֹאIs 42:9 Je 28:9
Pr 13:12 Jb 6:8 + . d. Gn 6:13 ָשׂר בָּא ְל ָפנַי
ָ קֵץ כָּל־בּperhaps has presented itself
before me ( v. Kn ), cf. La 1:22 supr. & 2 Ch 7:11 (where בואfor usual ;) עלהbut
perhaps ( cf. Di ) has come to pass before me , i.e. in my mind it is already a fact. e. †
in phr. עזָּה
ַ עַד־בּוֹ ֲא ָךJu 6:4 cf. 11:33 1 S 17:52 2 S 5:25 1 K 18:46 ( ) עַד־בֹּ ֲאכָה
until thou comest to = as far as; so also ך
ָ ) בֹּ ֲאכָה ( בּוֹ ֲאalone, = as far as, or in the
direction of, Gn 10:19 ( ×2 )
, 30 ; 13:10 ; 25:18 1 S 27:8 (all sq. ָ—ה loc. ) 1 S
15:7 ; so ָת
ֲחמ לְבֹא Nu 13:21 ; 34:8 Ez 48:1 , cf. Ez 47:15 (in a different connexion
לָבוֹא אפרתה Gn 35:16 ; 48:7 ); ח׳ עַד לְבוֹא Jos 13:5 Ju 3:3 1 Ch 13:5 , cf. 5:9 2
Ch 26:8 Ez 47:20 ; ח׳ ִמלְּבוֹא Am 6:14 1 K 8:65 2 K 14:25 2 Ch 7:8 ; of Isaac בָּא
מִבּוֹא ְבּאֵר ַלחַי רֹאִי Gn 24:62 (but text dub. ) f. attain to לשׁה
ָ ַשּׁ
ְה לֹא בָא וְעַד 2S
Kn A. Knobel.
23:19 = 1 Ch 11:21 . g. be enumerated ְשׁמוֹת
ֵבּ ַה ָבּאִים, lit. those coming with names
1 Ch 4:38 . 3. go , i.e. walk, associate with ( ִם ) עψ 26:4 , so c. אֵתPr 22:24 ( cf. הלך
את13:20 & התהלך אתGn 5:22 , 24 ; 6:9 ). 4. go ( cf. ) הלךfrom speaker, but with
limit of motion given Is 22:15 ֶל־ ֶלךְ־בֹּא א, so Ez 3:4 , 11 ; Gn 45:17 אַ ְרצָה ְכּנָ֑עַן
; וּלְכוּ־בֹאוּ1 S 22:5 ; ֵל ְך וּבָאתָ־ ְל ָך ֶארֶץ יְהוּדָהIs 47:5 Jon 1:3 ְשׁישׁ ִ ֳאנִיָּה בָּאָה ַתר
a ship going to Tarshish; go to war ָה יָבֹאוּ ַל ִמּ ְל ָחמNu 32:6 . Hiph. Pf. ֵהבִיאGn 4:4
+ ; sf. ִיאַנִי ֱהבDt 9:4 + , etc.; 2 ms. ֵהבֵיא ָתIs 43:23 , ֵהבֵא ָתGn 20:9 + , etc.; sf.
ֲהבִיֹא ַתנִי2 S 7:18 1 Ch 17:16 , ֲהבִיאֹתָנוּNu 16:14 , ֲה ֵבתָנוּψ 66:11 ; 1 s. ֵהבֵאתִי
Gn 31:39 + , והבאותיJe 25:13 Kt ( Qr ִי ;) וְ ֵהבֵאתsf. וַ ֲהבִיאוֹתִי ָךEz 38:16 + ,
ֲהבֵאתִי ָהIs 37:26 , etc.; 3 pl. ֵהבִיאוּGn 43:2 + ; sf. ֱהבִיאוּהוּ2 Ch 28:27 etc.; 2
mpl. ֶם ֲהבֵאתNu 20:4 + ; וַ ֲהבִיאֹתֶם1 S 16:17 ; 1 pl. sf. ֲהבִיאֹנֻםNu 32:17 ;
Impf. ִיא ) יָבִא ( יָבLv 4:32 + , וַיָּבֵאGn 2:19 + ; sf. וַיְבִי ֵאנִיEz 40:17 , etc.; 2 ms.
ָתּבִיאJb 14:3 ; sf. ְתּבִיאֵהוּJe 13:1 , וַ ְתּבִיאֵםNe 9:23 , ְתּ ִב֗אֵמוֹEx 15:17 , אָבִיאEx
11:1 + ( ִי אָב1 K 21:29 Mi 1:15 ), etc.; Imv. ָהבֵאGn 43:16 Ex 4:6 , ָהבֵיא1 S
20:40 , ִיאָה ָהבGn 27:7 + ; fs. ָהבִיאִי2 S 13:10 + , etc.; Inf. abs. ָהבֵאHg 1:6 ;
cstr. ִיא ָהבGn 18:19 + ; Pt. ֵמבִיאψ 74:5 + , ֵמבִי1 K 21:21 + 3 times, ְמבִי ֲא ָךDt
8:7 ; pl. ִים ) ְמ ִבאִים ( ְמבִיא1 K 10:25 + ; cstr. ְמ ִבאֵיJe 17:26 , ְמבִיאֶי ָהDn 11:6 ;—
1. cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals), sq. ֶל־ אGn
6:19 Ct 2:4 ; 3:4 ; sq. בּ ְ Lv 26:41 ψ 66:11 ; sq. ְלJu 19:21 1 S 19:22 ; sq. ִל ְפנֵי
Est 1:11 , 17 ; sq. ָ — הloc. Gn 24:67 ; 46:7 ; sq. ָ — ה+ ֶל־ אGn 19:10 , sq.
acc. ( חדֶר ֶ ) Ct 1:4 2 K 9:2 ; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), sq. אֶל־Nu 31:54
Mal 3:10 ; sq. בּ ְ Je 17:21 ; send , of sending (shooting) arrows ( fig. ) La 3:13 ; cf. Lv
26:36 ; of sending breath ( ח ַ ) רוּinto dry bones Ez 37:5 ( Co ;) עלsq. ְלNe 13:12 ;
sq. ָ — הloc. Ex 26:33 2 K 20:20 ָה ; וַיָּבֵא אֶת־ ַה ַמּיִם ָה ִע֑ירsq. acc. ( ) ֶחדֶר2 S
13:10 ; also 2 Ch 15:18 ( ֵית ;) בּabs. 2 S 6:17 ; partic. a. opp. ( הוֹצִיאbring out ) Dt
9:28 ( sq. ֶל־ ;) אespecially in combination with הוֹצִיאlead out and in (to and from
battle) Nu 27:17 1 Ch 11:2 . b. bring in women as wives for sons ( sq. ַחוּץ ) מִן הJu
12:9 ( opp. ָה ) ִשׁלַּח הַחוּצ. c. bring into judgment ִשׁפָּט ִע ָמּ֑ ְך ְ וְאֹתִי ָתבִיא ְבּמJb 14:3
cf. Ec 11:9 ; 12:4 . d. cause sun to go down Am 8:9 (symbol of judgment). e. of
harvest, bring in, gather 2 S 9:10 Hg 1:6 ( opp. ) זרעcf. Ne 13:15 . f. put staves into
(בּ
ְ ) rings Ex 25:14 ; 37:5 ; 38:7 cf. 26:11 Lv 14:42 ; hand into ( ) ְבּbosom Ex 4:6
( ×2 )
ְ ) water Je 13:1 . g. other phrases, ַצוָּ֯רָם
; girdle into ( בּ ַבּעֲבֹדַת אֲדֹנֵיהֶם ֵהבִיאוּ
Ne 3:5 put their necks to the work , etc.; fig. ְעֹל הביאו את־צואריכם בּJe 27:12 ;
לַמּוּסָר ֵל ֶבּ֑ ָך ָהבִיאָהPr 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִא ְלבַב ָח ְכמָהψ 90:12
that we may gain a heart of wisdom . 2. cause to come, bring, bring near , etc. (animate
obj. ) sq. ֶל־
אGn 2:19 , 22 ; 43:9 Lv 24:11 Nu 5:15 ; often of bringing Isr. to
Canaan Ex 6:8 ; 23:23 + , cf. Is 14:2 ; 56:7 Ne 1:9 ; abs. Dt 4:38 ; 6:23 ; sq. ְל
Gn 39:14 , 17 ; sq. ָ — הloc. Ez 12:13 ; sq. ֲלֹם הJu 18:3 , & ( עַד־הֲלֹםfig. of
Yahweh’s prospering care) 2 S 7:18 = 1 Ch 17:16 ; abs. Gn 46:32 ; also with lifeless
obj. , Gn 27:10 ( sq. ל
ְ ), so 2 Ch 36:7 ; Gn 31:39 ( sq. ;) אֶל־sq. acc. 2 K 12:5 2
Ch 36:18 Dn 1:2 ( ×2 )
; sq. ָ—ה loc. Ex 26:33 Je 20:5 ; sq. ִל ְפנֵי 2 Ch 24:14 ; of
ravens bringing food 1 K 17:6 ( sq. ;) ְלof bringing presents Gn 43:26 1 S 9:7 ; 10:27
(all sq. לְ ); cf. 1 S 17:18 ; especially offerings, sq. ְלGn 4:3 Nu 15:25 Ne 10:35 ,
37 ( ֵית ) ְלב, etc.; Lv 2:2 sq. אֶל־of priest; abs. Gn 4:4 Lv 4:32 ; 23:14 , 15 Mal
1:13 ( ×2 ) 2 Ch 31:5 ; cf. also Ex 35:21 , 22 , 23 , 24 : ( ×2 ) , 27 , 29 ( sq. ל ְ for ) so
36:3 + ; of time, cause a day to come La 1:21 ; cause cry to come ( ַל־ ) עJb 34:28 ; =
carry ֶן והב׳ ָבּנַיְִך בְּחֹצIs 49:22 ( || ;) עַל־ ָכּתֵף נשׂאcarry God in ( ) ְבּthe hand Jb
12:6 ( cf. הּ ַ אֱלp. 43 ); allow to come , almost = invite Est 5:12 ( sq. ) אֶל־cf. v 10
; partic. a. sq. ַל־ עbring against , or upon , bring enemies against Je 25:9 cf. Ez
23:22 ; obj. sword Lv 26:25 Ez 5:17 ; 11:8 ; 14:17 ; 33:2 ; plague Ex 11:1 ; curse or
calamity Gn 27:12 Dt 29:26 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22 Jb 42:11 cf. Je 25:13 ; 36:31 ;
44:2 ; 49:8 , 37 Ez 14:22 ; sin Gn 20:9 ; 26:10 Ex 32:21 ; cf. also sq. ֶל־ אJe
32:42 ; 49:36 . b. bring to pass 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 cf. 1 Ch 4:10 ψ 78:29 . c.
bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Mi 1:15 Zc 3:8 . d. bring for a purpose, sq.
inf. ψ 78:71 ַר עָלוֹת ֱהבִיאוֹ ִלרְעוֹת ְבּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ מֵאַח. e. bring, procure ְשׁנוּ נָבִיא
ֵ ְבּנַפ
ַל ְחמֵנוּ La 5:9 , ψ 90:12 . † Hoph. Pf. הוּבָאLv 10:18 + ; 3 fs. ֻהבָאתGn 33:11 ( v.
infr. ); 2 ms. ָה ֻה ָב֫אתEz 40:4 ; 3 pl. הוּבְאוּGn 43:18 ; Impf. יוּבָאLv 6:23 + ,
יוּ ָב֑אוּJe 27:22 ; Pt. מוּבָא2 K 12:10 + ; pl. מוּ ָבאִיםGn 43:18 Ez 30:11 + 23:42 (
Co ) מרבדים, ָאוֹת מוּבψ 45:15 ;— a. be brought in (of pers. and things), abs. Gn
43:18 ; sq. ביתinto a house Gn 43:18 ; temple 2 K 12:5 , 10 , 14 , 17 ; 22:4 2 Ch
34:9 , 14 . b. be brought , sq. ל ְ Gn 33:11 (but read Hiph. I have brought ), ψ
45:15 ; sq. ֶל־ אunto Lv 6:23 ; 10:18 ; 13:2 , 9 ; 14:2 ; cf. Ez 23:42 (but v. Co
VB ); sq. הנָּה ֫ ֵ Ez 40:4 ; sq. ָבּ ֶב֫לָהJe 27:22 ; sq. inf. Lv 16:27 Ez 30:11 ; sq. מִן
Je 10:9 . c. be introduced, put , sq. בּ ְ , stavesinto rings Ex 27:7 ; vessel into water Lv
11:32 .
VB Variorum Bible.
† ִאָה בּS 872 TWOT 212a GK 929
n. f. entrance, entry , ִאָה
ַבּבּEz 8:5 , i.e. of
temple (but del. B Co ).
† [ ָא
מוֹבS 4126
TWOT 212b
GK 4569
ָ ֑מוֹ ָב ֶא
] n. [ m. ] in-coming, entrance , ך
Qr 2 S 3:25 , cf. Kt sub ָאָיו ; מבוא
וּמוֹבEz 43:11 and its entrances ( || וּמוֹצָאָיו
), del. B Co In both, ungramm. form for assonance with מוצא.
† תְּבוּאָה S 8393
TWOT 212c
GK 9311
n. f. proventus , product, revenue — תּ׳
abs. ψ 107:37 + 3 times; cstr. תְּבוּאַת Lv 23:39 + 11 times; sf. תְּבוּאָתִי Jb 31:12
ָ תְּבוּאָ ְתDt 14:28 + 2 times; תְּבוּאָ ֶת֑ ָךPr 3:9 ; תְּבוּאָתוֹLv 19:25 + Ez
Pr 8:19 ; ך
48:18 Qr ( Kt ) תבואתה, תְּבוּאָתֹהJe 2:3 ; תְּבוּאָתָהּEx 23:10 + 7 times + Ez
48:18 Kt (so Co ); ֵנוּ תְּבוּאָתLv 25:20 ; pl. תְּבוּאֹתLv 25:15 + 4 times;
תְּבוּאוֹתPr 14:4 ; 16:8 ; תְּבוּאֹתֵיכֶםJe 12:13 ;— 1. product, yield , usually of earth
( = crops, etc.) ֶץ
תּ׳ הָאָרEx 23:10 Lv 19:25 ; 23:39 ; 25:3 , 7 (used as food for
man & beast, cf. v 22 ) Jos 5:12 , cf. Ne 9:37 Lv 25:15 , 16 , also Ez 48:18 ; in
Gn 47:24 ַתּ׳ בּmust = of the crops ( בּpartitive, cf. ְבּI. 2. b. ; del. בּ
ְ ); תּ׳
ָשׂדֶה 2 K 8:6 2 Ch 31:5 ; ֶם
ֶכּר תּ׳ Dt 22:9 cf. ψ 107:37 ; תּ׳ ָה ֲא ָדמָה ֶלחֶם Is
juss. jussive.
WisdLt Wisdom Literature.
ZK Z. für Keilschriftforschung .
† I. בּוּזִיS 940 , 941
GK 1000 , 1001
adj. gent. ( = בעזיfrom בֹּעַזaccording to J.
Derenbourg RÉJ i. 6
) of Elihu’s father. Jb 32:2 , 6 .
† ַבּוַּי S 942
GK 1002
n.pr. m. a Jew of Nehem.’s time Ne 3:18 = בִּנּוּי v 24
Listen 12
which prob. read also v 18 ( Βεδει, Βενει, Βεζερ ); cf. further Sm .
† בּוּ ְך S 943 TWOT 214 GK 1003 vb. perplex, confuse ( ? Arabic stir up (water of
spring) the be disturbed, confused; cf. Assyrian bâku , lead captive , orig. lead astray ?
COT Ezr 4:2 ) —only Niph. Pf. 3 fs. ָה נָב֫וֹכEst 3:15 ; 3 mpl. נָבֹ֫כוּJo 1:18 , Pt.
pl. נְ ֻבכִים Ex 14:3 ;— be confused, in confusion (of a city) Est 3:15 ; = wander
aimlessly (of Isr.) Ex 14:3 ; so of cattle Jo 1:18 (Merx proposes ָכוּ
בּ, after
ἔκλαυσαν , but בכהnot elsewhere of cattle).
בּוּנָה S 946
GK 1007
n.pr. m. v. בּין.
† מְבוּסָה S 4001
TWOT 216b
GK 4431
n. f. down-treading, subjugation , גּוֹי
קַו־קַו וּמְבוּסָהIs 18:2 , 7 a nation of might and of down-treading ( Che all-
subduing ); ָה וּם׳ וּמְבוּכָה יוֹם מְהוּמIs 22:5 , cf. מְבוּכָהsub בוך.
† [ ָה
תְּבוּסS 8395
TWOT 216c
GK 9313
] n. f. down-treading = ruin, downfall ,
cstr. תְּבוּסַת אחזיהו 2 Ch 22:7 the downfall of Ahaziah .
† ֲא ַב ְעבֻּעֹת S 76
TWOT 217a
GK 81
n. f. pl. blisters, boils ( ; ֲא ַבעְבּוּ ְעיָן
cf. ֶבּ ְעבַּע, NH ַבּעְבּוּ ַע בּוּעָה, Syriac ) Ex 9:9 ְשׁחִין פֹּ ֵר ַח ֲא ַב ְעבֻּעֹת, cf. v
10 .
בוץTWOT 218
so Thes , better ( ביץcf. Arabic surpass in whiteness; whiteness ) .
† [ ָה
בֵּיצS 1000
TWOT 218a
GK 1070
] n. f. Is 10:14 egg ( NH id. , Arabic ,
Aramaic ָא
בִּי ֲעת, ) —only Pl. בֵּיצִים Dt 22:6 ( ×2 )
Is 10:14 ; cstr. בֵּיצֵיIs 59:5 ;
sf. בֵּיצֶי ָה Jb 39:14 , ֶם
בֵּיצֵיהIs 59:5 ;— eggs Is 10:14 (of small bird ) צפורDt
22:6 ( ×2 )
, cf. Is 10:14 (in simil. ); (of ostrich ) רנניםJb 39:14 ; (of great viper
) צפעוני Is 59:5 ( ×2 )
( metaph. )
† בּוּץ S 948
TWOT 219
GK 1009
, ֻץ
בּn. [ m. ] byssus (late), ( Ph. בוץ,
Aramaic בּוּץ, ; √ dub. ; Birch, Wilkinson Egyptians ii. 158 f.
from Egypt. hbos , clothe;
v. Say Herodot. ii. 86
; Thes from √ בוץ, but Nö ZMG 1875, 650
; Armen., according
to Lag Sem i. 72 al.
) a fine white Egyptian linen, and cloth made of it, בֵּית־עֲבֹדַת
ִשׁפְּחוֹתְ ַהבֻּץ מ1 Ch 4:21 families of the house of byssus-working; cf. 2 Ch 2:13 ;
ְמ ֻכ ְרבָּל ִבּ ְמעִיל בּוּץ1 Ch 15:27 clothed in a robe of byssus (but read rather as || 2 S
6:14 כל־עֹז ָ ְמ ַכ ְרכֵּר ְבּwas dancing with all his might ); cf. ַתּ ְכרִי ְך בּ׳Est 8:15 ;
ָשׁים בּוּץ ִ ְמ ֻלבּ2 Ch 5:12 ; ַח ְבלֵי בוּץEst 1:6 ; 2 Ch 3:14 material of ; פָּרֹכֶת
article of trade Ez 27:16 ( del. Co ). Cf. also שׁשׁ ֵ.
בוקTWOT 220
( = ) בקק.
† מְבוּקָה S 4003
TWOT 220b
GK 4433
n. f. id. , Na 2:11 v. supr.
I. בּוֹר S 953
TWOT 194e
GK 1014
, cistern , v. sub באר.
† בּוּרS 952
TWOT 221
GK 1013
vb. Qal Inf. cstr. ָלבוּר Ec 9:1 ( c. acc. ); prob.
( si vera l. ) make clear, clear up, explain ( VB ; so sometimes, in NH ברר q.v. ) but
read perhaps ָאָה
ר זְִלבִּי S Bi , or ָתוּר
לGr , cf. 1:13 ; 2:3 ; 7:25 .
בּוֹשׁS 954
TWOT 222
GK 1017 , 1018
109 vb. be ashamed ( Sab. מהבאם ; בום =
evil-doer DHM ZMG 1883, 375
, || Aramaic ַת
ְבּה, Syriac whence Arabic was surprised ) —
Qal Pf. Je 48:39 ; בּשׁJe 48:13 ; בּוֹשׁה
ָ Je 15:9 ; בֹּשׁתִּי
ְ Je 31:19 + 25 times; Impf.
יֵבוֹשׁ Is 29:22 + 57 times; Inf. abs. בּוֹשׁJe 6:15 ; 8:12 ; Imv. בּוֹשׁי
ִ Is 23:4 Ez
16:52 , בּוֹשׁוּEz 36:32 ; Pt. pl. בּוֹשׁים
ִ Ez 32:30 ;— 1. abs. feel shame Je 6:15 + 16
times, Is 19:9 ; 23:4 ; 37:27 Is 2 45:16 + 14 times Ez 16:63 Mi 7:16 Jo 2:26 , 27
2 K 19:26 Ez 9:6 Jb 6:20 ψ 6:11 ( + 24 times, chiefly in late Psalms). 2. sq. ִן מ, be
ashamed of , i.e. disconcerted, disapponinted by reason of Je 2:36 ( ×2 ) ; 12:13 ; 48:13
Is 1:29 ; 20:5 Ez 32:30 ; 36:32 . 3. with obj. ִשׁאוֹלְ בֹּשׁתִּי ל
ְ I am ashamed to ask Ezr
8:22 ; לֹא תֵבשׁוּ ַתּ ְהכְּרוּ לִיye are not ashamed to deal hardly with me ( impf. subj.) Jb
19:3 . בּושׁoften || ְמוּ ; חפר & נכלם בּשׁוּ וְ ָה ְכלthey are ashamed and confounded Je
14:3 , 22:22 Is 2 ; 41:11 ; 45:16 , 17 Ez 16:52 ; 36:32 ψ 35:4 ; 69:7 Ez 9:6 ;
וּבשׁוּ ַהחֹזִים וְחָֽפְרוּ הַקֹּ ְסמִיםand the seers shall be ashamed and the diviners
confounded Mi 3:7 , cf. Je 15:9 Jb 6:20 ψ 35:26 ; 40:15 ; 70:3 ; 71:24 ; מְקוֹרוֹ
יֵבוֹשׁHo 13:15 (read יִיבַשׁbe dry ); † עַד־בּוֹשׁJu 3:25 2 K 2:17 ; 8:11 . cf. עַד־בּשׁ
to the point of confusion † Ju 3:25 ( cf. GFM ), 2 K 2:17 ; 8:11 . Po‛lēl Pf. בֹּשׁשׁ
ֵ
delay (in shame), רדֶתֶ משׁה ָל
ֶ בּשׁשֵׁ Moses delayed to descend Ex 32:1 ( J ), מַדּוּ ַע
† בּוּשׁה
ָ S 955
TWOT 222a
GK 1019
n. f. shame ψ 89:46 Mi 7:10 Ob v 10
Ez 7:18 .
† ָהָשׁנ
ְ בּS 1317 , 1322
TWOT 222b
GK 1423 , 1425
n. f. shame ( בֹּשׁן
ֶ Ew § 163 f.
)
Ho 10:6 .
† ֫
בֹ ֶשׁת n. f. shame Jb 8:22 + 20 times; sf. ָשׁתִּי
ְבּ ψ 69:20 + 7 times 1. shame
( ×2 )
1 S 20:30 ψ 40:16 ; 69:20 ; 70:4 Is 30:3 , 5 ; 42:17 ; 61:7 Je 2:26 ; 3:25 ;
20:18 Hb 2:10 Zp 3:5 , 19 ; בֹּשׁת
ֶ ָלבַשׁclothe with shame Jb 8:22 ψ 35:26 ;
132:18 ; || בשׁת עטה ψ 109:29 ; פּנִים
ָ )(ה בֹּשׁת
ֶ shame (or confusion ) of face 2 Ch
32:21 Ezr 9:7 Dn 9:7 , 8 , cf. ψ 44:16 Je 7:19 , ך
ָ בֹּשׁת עֲלוּמֶי
ֶ shame of thy
youth Is 54:4 ; ָה־בֹשׁת
ֶ ֶע ְריnakedness ( that is ) shame Mi 1:11 cf. ψ 45:5 ;
בֹּשׁת ֶע ְרוַת אמך
ֶ 1 S 20:30 . 2. shameful thing , substituted for ַל
( ַבּעq.v. ) by later
editors, Ho 9:10 Je 3:24 ; ַבּשׁת
ֶ ל ִמזְבְּחוֹתJe 11:13 , cf. ֶשׁת
ֶ יְ ֻרבּ 2 S 11:21 =
יְ ֻר ַבּעַלJu 6:32 ; ִישׁ־בֹּשׁת
ֶ א2 S 2:8 = ֶשׁ ַבּעַלְ א1 Ch 8:33 .
בַּז S 957
TWOT 225a
GK 1020
v. sub בזז.
†[ ָבּזָאS 958
TWOT 223
GK 1021
] vb. divide, cut through ( ? cf. Aramaic בּזַע
ְ,
cleave ) — Qal Pf. בָּֽזְאוּ נהרים Is 18:2 , 7 whose land rivers cut through (of Cush).
† ָבּזָהS 5240 , 959 , 960
TWOT 224 , 224b
GK 1022
vb. despise ( Pal. ְבּזָא, cf.
raise the head loftily and disdainfully ) — Qal Pf. Nu 15:31 + ; ת
ָ ָבּזִי2 S 12:9 ; sf.
ְבּזִ ָת֑נִי2 S 12:10 , etc.; Impf. וַיִּ֫בֶזGn 25:34 Est 3:6 ; sf. וַיִּ ְבזֵהוּ1 S 17:42 ; 3 fs.
וַ ִתּבֶז2 S 6:16 1 Ch 15:29 ; 2 ms. ִתּ ְבזֶהψ 51:19 ; 73:20 ; וַיִּבְזוּNe 2:19 ; וַיִּ ְבזֻהוּ1
S 10:27 ; Inf. cstr. ְזֹה בּIs 49:7 ( Di Ew § 150 b ); Pt. act. בּוֹזֶהPr 15:20 ; 19:16 ;
בּוֹזֵהוּPr 14:2 ; בּוֹזִים2 Ch 36:16 ; בּוֹזֵיMal 1:6 ; sf. בֹּזַי1 S 2:30 ; pass. בָּזוּיJe
49:15 + ; f. ְזוּיָה בּEc 9:16 ;— despise, regard with contempt , sq. acc. rei , birthright
Gn 25:34 ( J ); words of י׳Nu 15:31 ( P ; not elsewhere in Hex ); 2 S 12:9 cf. 2 Ch
36:16 ; name of י׳Mal 1:6 ( ×2 ) ( cf. infr. ); oath ( ָה ) אָלEz 16:59 ; 17:16 , 18 , 19 ;
holy things Ez 22:8 ; one’s own ways Pr 19:16 (i.e. is careless of them, lives recklessly,
opp. ְשׁוֹ שֹׁמֵר נַפ, cf. נֹצֵר ַדּרְכּוֹ16:17 ); distress of the distressed ψ 22:25 ( || ִשׁקֵּץ
, subj. ;) י׳prayer, subj. id. ψ 102:18 ; broken & contrite heart ψ 51:19 ( c. ) לֹא, cf.
on other hand 73:20 ; sq. acc. pers. Saul 1 S 10:27 , David 17:42 cf. Pr 15:20 , י׳1
S 2:30 2 S 12:10 Pr 14:2 , his prisoners ψ 69:34 (subj. ;) י׳sq. ְל, וַ ִתּבֶז לוֹ ְבּ ִלבָּהּ 2
S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29 ; sq. עַל pers. Ne 2:19 ; [ 2 K 19:21 = Is 37:22 , ] בּוּזsq.
Inf. ח יָד
ַ ִֹשׁל
ְ וַיִּבֶז ְבּעֵינָיו לEst 3:6 ; נֶפֶשׁ בְּזֹהIs 49:7 a despising of soul , i.e. one
despised from the soul, thoroughly despised; on otherviews v. Che Di . Pt. pass.
despised , of pers. cstr. ָם בְּזוּי עdespised of people ( || ) ֶח ְרפַּת אָדָםψ 22:7 , cf. בָּזוּי
בָאָדָםJe 49:15 also Ob v 2 ; of wisdom Ec 9:16 . Niph. Pt. נִ ְבזֶהψ 15:4 + ; f.
נִ ְבזָה1 S 15:9 (so read for נמבזהcf. We Dr ); pl. נִ ְבזִיםMal 2:9 ;— 1. despised ψ
( ×2 )
15:4 ; 119:141 Is 53:3 Je 22:28 . 2. vile, worthless 1 S 15:9 . 3. despicable,
contemptible Mal 1:7 said of table of י׳, cf. v 12 2:9 ; Dn 11:21 as subst. of
Antiochus Epiph. Hiph. Inf. ֶן ְל ַהבְזוֹת ַבּ ְעלֵיהEst 1:17 so as to cause to despise their
lords (cause their lords to be despised).
† ִבּזָּיוֹן S 963
TWOT 224a
GK 1025
וָ ָק֑צ
n. [ m. ] contempt Est 1:18 ( ֶף ) ב׳.
ִבּזָּה S 961
TWOT 225
GK 1023
v. sub בזז.
בָּֽזֲזוּNu 31:53 + 7 times; ָבּזָ֑זוּNu 31:9 ; sf. וּ ְבזָזוּםconsec. Je 20:5 ; 1 pl. ָבּזַזְנוּ
Dt 2:35 ; ַזּוֹנוּ בּ3:7 ; Impf. 2 ms. תָּבֹזDt 20:14 , pl. יָבֹ֫זּוּIs 10:2 + 2 times; וַיָּבֹ֫זּוּ
Gn 34:27 + 4 times; sf. ָזּוּם יְבZp 2:9 ; 2 mpl. תָּבֹ֫זּוּJos 8:2 ; 1 pl. cohort. נָבֹ֫זָה
1 S 14:36 ( cf. Ges § 67 R . 11 ); Imv. בֹּזּוּ ֫ Na 2:10 ( ×2 ) ; Inf. cstr. בֹּזIs 10:6 + 3
times; בּוֹזEst 3:13 ; 8:11 ; Pt. act. pl. ֹֽזֲזִים בּIs 42:24 2 Ch 20:25 ; sf. בֹּֽזֲזַיְִךJe
30:16 , ֹֽזֲזֵינוּ
בּIs 17:14 , בֹּֽזֲזֵיהֶםEz 39:10 ; pass. בָּזוּזIs 42:22 ;— spoil = take as
spoil, c. acc. rei Nu 31:9 Dt 2:35 ( c. ל ְ & refl. suff.) Je 20:5 Ez 26:12 Na 2:10
ψ 109:11 ; oftener c. acc. cogn. , ַז בּNu 31:32 Is 10:6 ( || ָשׁלַל ָשׁלָל, as often) 33:23
Ez 29:19 ; 38:12 , 13 ; בּזָּה ִ 2 Ch 25:13 ; ָשׁלָלDt 3:7 ; 20:14 (both sq. ְלc. refl.
suff.) 2 Ch 20:25 ( ×2 )
; 28:8 Est 3:13 ; 8:11 ; שׁלל & בהמהJos 8:2 , 27 ; 11:14 (all
sq. ל ְ c. refl. suff.); obj. pers. carried off ( cf. ) בַּזGn 34:29 ( MT , but cf. Ol );
plunder, despoil , c. acc. pers. robbed Is 10:2 ; 11:14 ; 17:14 ( ) שׁסה42:22 ( || id. )
Zp 2:9 Je 30:16 Ez 39:10 ( ×2 ) ; c. ֶם ( ָבּהpers. ) 1 S 14:36 ; c. acc. of place
plundered Gn 34:27 2 K 7:16 2 Ch 14:13 ; abs. Nu 31:53 Is 42:24 . † Niph. Pf.
֫ וְנconsec. Am 3:11 ; Impf. 2 ms. תִּבּוֹזIs 24:3 ; Inf. abs. הִבּוֹזIs 24:3 — be
ָבֹזּוּ
spoiled, plundered , subj. ארמנותAm 3:11 ; הארץIs 24:3 ; ִבּוֹז
תּ הִבּוֹק תִּבּוֹק || ( הִבּוֹז
). † Pu. Pf. וּ ֻבזָּ֑ווּ consec. Je 50:37 — be taken as spoil , subj. אוצרת.
† בַּז S 957
TWOT 225a
GK 1020
n. [ m. ] spoiling, robbery; spoil, booty — בּ׳
abs. Nu 14:3 + ; so also Ez 25:7 Qr ( Kt בגmeaningless); ַ ֑בּז Je 2:14 + ; but
ַה ָבּ֔ז Nu 31:32 v. d. H. ; sf. ִבּזָּהּ Ez 29:19 ;— 1. spoiling, robbery , ְב׳
לi.e. to be
plundered, despoiled Ez 7:21 (of temple || ָל
) ָשׁל23:46 . 2. spoil, booty, plunder Is
10:6 ; 33:23 Ez 29:19 ; 38:12 , 13 (all acc. cogn. || ָל
;) ָשׁלcf. Nu 31:32 Je
15:13 ; 17:3 ; in phr. ַו
ָלב ָהיָה Je 49:32 (of camels) Ez 36:4 cf. v 5 ; also of
human beings Nu 14:3 , 31 Dt 1:39 Je 2:14 (all לב׳ ) היה+ 2 K 21:14 ( ||
ְשׁסָּה
ִ) מ Is 42:22 ( || id. ) Je 2:14 , cf. 30:16 ( || ָה
ְשׁסּ
ִ ;) מalso Ez 25:7 Qr , 26:5
Prä F. Prätorius.
refl. reflexive.
acc. cogn. acc. . of cognate meaning with verb.
v. d. H. E. van der Hooght , Heb. text of O.T.
( לב׳ ; היהboth in personif.); fig. of Isr. as sheep Ez 34:8 , 22 (both לב׳ ) היה v
28 ( היה בזno ) ְל. On Is 8:1 , 3 ַמהֵר ָשׁלָל חָשׁ בַּזv. מהר.
† ָה ִבּזּS 961 TWOT 225 GK 1023 n. f. spoil, booty (late)— ִבּזָּה2 Ch 14:13 + 9
times;— spoil, prey , of things 2 Ch 28:14 Est 9:10 , 15 , 16 , cf. 2 Ch 14:13 ;
25:13 Dn 11:24 ( || ָל ;) רכושׁ & ָשׁלn. verb., spoiling , בַּב׳Ezr 9:7 Dn 11:33 ,
cf. also ְב׳
לNe 3:36 .
ִבּזָּיוֹן S 963
TWOT 224a
GK 1025
v. sub בזה.
בזקTWOT 226
( Aramaic ְבּזַק, scatter; Arabic rise (of sun) is prob. erroneous v.
Lane 199
).
† ָבּזָק S 965
TWOT 226a
GK 1027
n. [ m. ] lightning flash ? Ez 1:14 Hi Co
del. ; verse om. in old MSS. of ; sense uncertain, possibly error for ברק.
† ֶ ֫בּזֶק S 966
GK 1028
n.pr.loc. 1 S 11:8 ( ב֑זֶק
ָ ) ְבּrendezvous of Israel under Saul
and Sam. ; Ju 1:4 , 5 home of Adoni-bezek; on loc. cf. Euseb. Lag Onom. 105, 2nd
ed. 139
; see also Stu ; error in Ju 1:4 , 5 ( v. GFM ). Ju 1:4 ; 17 th (mile-)stone
from Neapolis toward Scythopolis; mod. Ḫirbet Ibzîḳ , 14 Eng. m. from Nâblus,
Survey ii. 231 . Nes AJSL xiii (1897), 176 conj. meaning gravel , cf. mod. Ramle = sand
.
†[ ָבּזַרS 967
TWOT 227
GK 1029
] vb. scatter ( Arabic , Aramaic בּדַר
ְ ) — Qal
Impf. Dn 11:24 ְשׁלָל וּרְכוּשׁ ָלהֶם יִבְז֑וֹר
ָ ִבּזָּה וplunder and spoil and possessions he
will scatter among them (subj. Antiochus Epiph.) Pi. Pf. בּזַּר ִ , id. , ψ 68:31 , but read
Imv. בּזֵּרַ ( ( ) ַבּזַּר S B so most; De follows MT ), subj. ref. to י׳, obj. ַעמִּים.
† I. [ ֵל
ָבּחS 973 TWOT 228 , 229 GK 1041 ] vb. feel loathing ( cf. Syriac (so in
lexx.) nauseated ( cf. Gei Urschrift , 279 ); Nö ZAW xvii (1897), 188 disproves Syriac , and
adopts the view of Gei Urschrift 270 ( בחלeuphem. for a √ II. = בעלloathe , c. בּ ְ,
assumed ( Thes Buhl ) for Je 3:14 ; 31:32 ; v. infr. on p. 127a ). NSyr. envy cf.
Stoddard Gram. 12, 57 ) Pf. 3 fs. ָה
בָּֽ ֲחלZc 11:8 ְשׁםָ ְשׁי ָבּהֶם וְגַם נַפִ בּ׳ בִי וַ ִתּ ְקצַר נַפ
felt a loathing against me.
† II. [ ֵל
ָבּחS 973
TWOT 228 , 229
GK 1041
] vb. ( Arabic be avaricious ) — Qal ;
only Pu. Pt. נַ ֲחלָה מְבֹ ֶחלֶתan inheritance gotten by greed Pr 20:21 Kt; < Qr
Vrss ן׳ מְבֹ ֶהלֶת, v. בהל.
†[ ָבּחַןS 974
TWOT 230
GK 1043
] vb. examine, try ( cf. Aramaic ַן
ְבּח, Syriac ,
try, examine; Arabic I. VIIII. test , cf. W SG 65
ְבּ ָח ֫נַנִיJb 23:10 , ָבּ ַחנְ ָתּ
) — Qal Pf. sf.
ψ 17:3 + 7 times; Impf. ח֑ןָ יְִבψ 11:5 + 5 times; Imv. sf. ְבּ ָחנֵנִיψ 26:2 + 2 times;
Inf. ְחֹן בּZc 13:9 ; Pt. בֹּחֵןJe 11:20 + 5 times ( || צרף, —;) נסה1. examine,
scrutinize, try ψ 11:5 ; 139:23 Jb 7:18 ; בנֵי אָדָםְ ַע ְפ ַעפָּיו יְִבחֲנוּHis eyelids try the
children of men (search them through and through) ψ 11:4 . 2. prove, test, try . a. with
the metaphor of gold Jb 23:10 ; ְחֹן אֶת־ ַהזָּהָב וּ ְב ַחנְתִּים ִכּבand I will try them as one
tries gold Zc 13:9 . b. without metaphor, of God testing persons ψ 26:2 ; 66:10 ; 81:8
Je 9:6 ; ways Je 6:27 (prophet); the ֵב
לψ 17:3 Je 12:3 Pr 17:3 1 Ch 29:17 ; reins Je
17:10 ; heart and reins ψ 7:10 Je 11:20 ( = 20:12 ). c. of man testing or tempting God
ψ 95:9 Mal 3:10 , 15 . d. the ear trying words Jb 12:11 = 34:3 . Niph. Impf. ֵן יִָבּח
Jb 34:36 Gn 42:15 , 16 , to be tried, proved . Pu. ַן
בֹּחEz 21:18 the trial has been
made ( ֫ MT Symm Haev ; read ְבּחֵן
S B Ges MV Ew Ke , but noun בֹּחַן
with grace, favour , Hi Co ).
† ַ ֫בּחַן S 975
TWOT 230b
GK 1044
n. [ m. ] watch-tower , Is 32:14 .
† ָבּחַרS 977
TWOT 231
GK 1034 , 1047 , 1048
vb. choose ( cf. Aramaic ַר
ְבּח, Syriac
|| בחן, Assyrian bêru ( √ ) בארDl Pr 76
) — Qal Pf. ָבּחַר Dt 7:6 + ; Impf. יְִבחַר Is
41:24 + 60 times; ַר
ֶא ֲבחJb 29:25 (Baer); Imv. ְבּחַרEx 17:9 + 5 times; Inf. abs.
בָּחוֹר1 S 2:28 Is 7:15 , 16 ; Inf. cstr. sf. ָבּ ֳהרִיEz 20:5 ; Pt. בֹּחֵר1 S 20:30 Zc
3:2 ; pass. ָחוּר
בּEx 14:7 + 18 times;— 1. with ְבּ, a. divine choice , of Abraham Ne
9:7 ; Israel Dt 7:7 Is 44:1 Ez 20:5 ; to become his people Dt 7:6 ; 14:2 ; Jeshurun Is
44:2 ; the seed of the patriarchs Dt 4:37 ; 10:15 ; Levites Dt 18:5 ; 21:5 1 Ch 15:2 2
Ch 29:11 ; Aaron ψ 105:26 ; Judah 1 Ch 28:4 not Ephraim ψ 78:67 ; Levi and Judah
Je 33:24 ; the king Dt 17:15 , especially David 1 S 10:24 ; 16:8 , 9 , 10 2 S 6:21 1 K
8:16 ( = 2 Ch 6:6 ) 1 Ch 28:4 , 5 ; 29:1 2 Ch 6:5 ψ 78:70 ; others Nu 16:5 ; 17:20
( P ) Hg 2:23 ; place of sacrifice Dt 12:11 , 18 ; 14:25 ; 16:7 , 15 ; 17:8 2 Ch 7:12 ;
the city 1 K 8:16 , 44 ( = 2 Ch 6:5 , 34 ) 11:32 ; Jerusalem 2 Ch 6:6 Is 14:1 Zc
1:17 ; 2:16 ; 3:2 ; Zion ψ 132:13 ; delusions Is 66:4 . b. man’s choice , of ways Pr 3:31
Is 66:3 ; good things Is 7:15 , 16 ψ 84:11 (?); life Dt 30:19 ; gods Ju 10:14 Is 41:24
; God’s pleasure Is 56:4 ; 65:12 ; 66:4 . 2. with ֲשׁרֶ ( אalone, for ) אשׁר בחר ב׳: a.
divine choice , of Israel Is 41:8 ך
ָ ֲשׁר ְבּ ַח ְרתִּי
ֶ יַעֲקֹב א, 43:10 ; the people 1 K 3:8 ψ
33:12 ; men Nu 16:7 ( P ) ψ 65:5 ; king 2 S 16:18 1 K 11:34 ; place of sacrifice Dt
12:14 , 26 ; 15:20 ; 17:10 ; 31:11 ( D ) Jos 9:27 ( P ), especially שׁם ָ לָשׂוּם ְשׁמוֹDt
12:5 , 21 ; 14:24 , שׁם
ָ ְשׁכֵּן ְשׁמוֹ
ַ לDt 12:11 ; 14:23 ; 16:2 , 6 , 11 Ne 1:9 ; the city 1
K 8:48 ( = 2 Ch 6:38 ), לשׂום שׁמי שׁם1 K 11:36 ; 14:21 ( = 2 Ch 12:13 );
Jerusalem 1 K 11:13 2 K 21:7 ( = 2 Ch 33:7 ) 23:27 ; fast Is 58:5 , 6 ; way ψ 25:12
. b. man’s choice , place to dwell in Dt 23:7 ; gardens Is 1:29 ; king 1 S 12:13 ; wives
Gn 6:2 ( J ); what to do 2 S 15:15 . 3. with acc. & ל ְ , choose some one or something
for: a. divine choice , of Levi 1 S 2:28 ; Jacob ψ 135:4 , 5 ; inheritance ψ 47:5 . b.
human choice , persons Ex 17:9 Jos 24:15 , 22 ( E ) 1 S 8:18 ; 13:2 2 S 24:12 ( =
1 Ch 21:20 ); things Gn 13:11 ( J ) 1 S 17:40 1 K 18:23 , 25 Jb 34:4 . 4. with acc.
and ִן
מ, choose, select from 2 S 10:9 ( = 1 Ch 19:10 ). 5. acc. a. divine choice ,
temple 2 Ch 7:16 ; Judah ψ 78:68 ; servant Is 41:9 ; 49:7 . b man’s choice , persons Ex
18:28 ( E ) Ju 5:8 Jos 8:3 ( J ) 2 S 17:1 ; things Jb 7:15 ; 9:14 ; 15:5 ; 29:25 ; 34:33
; 119:30 , 173 Pr 1:29 Is 40:20 . 6. with ַל ע, כי על זה בחרת מעניfor this thou hast
chosen rather than affliction Jb 36:21 ; with acc. and עלpregn. עלי כל אשׁר תבחרall
that thou choosest (to lay) upon me 2 S 19:39 . 7. with ל
ְ of acc. 1 S 20:30 (many
MSS. have בּ
ְ ; but We Dr read ֵר
ָחבcompanion ). The ptcp. בָּחוּרchosen , of a
ruler ψ 89:20 , warrior Je 49:19 ( = 50:44 ); as cedars Ct 5:15 ; coll. רכב בחור
chosen chariots Ex 14:7 ( E ); בחור אישׁchosen men, warriors Ju 20:15 , 16 , 34 1
S 24:3 2 Ch 13:3 , 17 , for wh. ָחוּר בּalone 1 K 12:21 = 2 Ch 11:1 , 2 Ch 25:5 ;
בחורי ישׂראל1 S 26:2 ψ 78:31 ; 2 S 10:9 || ( בחורי בישׂראל1 Ch 19:10 בחור
בישׂראל, doubtless the true reading, as 2 Ch 6:1 ). 8. test, try (Aramaic = ) בחן
ְבּ ַח ְרתִּי ָך בְּכוּר עֹ֑נִיIs 48:10 I have tested thee in the furnace of affliction S Ges
Hi Ew De Che Dr , but chosen B Rab Calv AV . Niph. ַר נִ ְבחJe 8:3 ; Pt. נִ ְבחָר
Pr 8:10 + 5 times;— to be chosen . a. abs. chosen, choice Pr 8:10 , 19 ; 10:20 . b.
cstr. ִן
מ, מות מחיים וְנִ ְבחַרdeath will be chosen rather than life Je 8:3 ; choicer than
Pr 16:16 ; 22:1 ; מזבח נבחר ליהוהchoicer (more acceptable) to Yahweh than peace-
offering Pr 21:3 . Pu. ַר
יְֻבחchosen, selected Ec 9:4 ( יְ ֻחבַּרQr ).
† [ ִים
בְּחוּרS 979 , 980
TWOT 231b
GK 1035 , 1036
] n. f. abstr. pl. youth , pl. sf.
ְבּ ֻחרָיוNu 11:28 ( J ; Onk S Ges De Di ; בחיריו Sam B Lu Ke );
בְּחוּרוֹתֶי ָךEc 11:9 , בְּחוּרֹתֶי ָך Ec 12:1 .
† ָר
יְִבחS 2984 GK 3295
n.pr. m. ( He ( Ēl or ) י׳chooses ) son of David 2 S 5:15
1 Ch 3:6 ; 14:5 .
I. † [ ָר
ִמ ְבחS 4005 , 4006
TWOT 231d
GK 4436 , 4437
] n. [ m. ] ( f. Ez 24:5 )
choicest, best , cstr. ַר
ִמ ְבחDt 12:11 + 10 times; sf. ִמ ְב ָחרִיוDn 11:15 ; vows Dt
12:11 ; valleys Is 22:7 ; fir trees Is 37:24 ; cedars Je 22:7 ; bones Ez 24:4 ;
sepulchres Gn 23:6 ( P ); of the flock Ez 24:5 ; of the Assyrians Ez 23:7 ; captains
Ex 15:4 ( E poet.); young men Je 48:15 ; מבחר וטוב לבנוןEz 31:16 ( del. וטוב
Co ); ַם
ע ִמ ְב ָחרָיו Dn 11:15 = his choice troops .
† ִמבְחוֹר S 4004
TWOT 231e
GK 4435
n. [ m. ] choice , in the phrases ִמבְחוֹר
עִירchoice city 2 K 3:19 ; ְרשׁיו
ָ ִמבְחוֹר בּchoice fir trees 2 K 19:23 = ִמ ְבחַר
ְרוֹשׁיו
ָ בּIs 37:24 (prob. scribal error in both cases for ) ִמ ְבחַר.
II. † ָר
ִמ ְבחS 4005 , 4006 TWOT 231d
GK 4436 , 4437
n.pr. m. ( choice ) one of
David’s warriors 1 Ch 11:38 .
† ַבּחֲרוּמִי S 978
GK 1049
adj. gent. Baharumite 1 Ch 11:33 = ַבּ ְר ֻחמִי 2S
23:31 . Prob. ִי
ַבּ ֻח ִרמDr .
† [ ָה
ָבּטS 981
TWOT 232
GK 1051
, ָא
ָבּטS 981
TWOT 232
GK 1051
] vb. speak
rashly, thoughtlessly ( NH id. , — ) בטיQal Pt. בּוֹטֶרPr 12:18 one that
babbleth ( opp. ִים) לְשׁוֹן ֲח ָכמ. Pi. Impf. ִשׁבוּעָה
ְ יְַבטֵּא בLv 5:4 speak rashly,
unadvisedly; so ָיו
ִשׂ ָפת
ְ ( וַיְַבטֵּא בּof Moses) ψ 106:33 ; Inf. ִשׂ ָפ ַתיִם
ְ ְל ַבטֵּא בLv 5:4
( P ).
ֶ ֫בּטS
† I. ַח 983 , 984
TWOT 233a
GK 1055 , 1056
n. [ m. ] security — Gn 34:25 + 41
times; ַח
ַשׁקֵט וָ ֶבט
ְ הIs 32:17 quietness and security =ַשׁקֵט וּ ְב ִב ְטחָה
ְ ְבּהIs 30:15
(but prob. both infs.) elsewhere always adverb;— securely , ישׁב לבטחLv 25:18 ,
19 ; 26:5 Ju 18:7 1 K 5:5 ψ 4:9 Pr 3:29 Is 47:8 Je 32:37 ; 49:31 Ez 28:26 ;
34:25 , 28 ; 38:8 , 11 , 14 ; 39:6 , 26 Zp 2:15 Zc 14:11 ; ישׁב בטחDt 12:10 1
S 12:11 ; לבטח שׁכןDt 33:12 ψ 16:9 Je 23:6 ; 33:16 ; שׁכן בטחDt 33:28 Pr
1:33 ; ) היה ( לבטחJb 24:23 Ez 34:27 ; היה בטחJu 8:11 ; הלך לבטחPr 3:23 ;
הלך בטחPr 10:9 ; שׁכב לבטחJb 11:18 Ho 2:20 ; רבץ לבטחIs 14:30 ; נחה
לבטחψ 78:53 ; עבר בטחMi 2:8 ; כושׁ בטחCush (dwelling) securely Ez 30:9
(pregnant construction, del. בטחCo ); ַח
וַיָּבֹאוּ עַל ָהעִיר ֶבּטand they came upon
the city (dwelling) securely Gn 34:25 ( J ).
† ִבּ ְטחָה S 985
TWOT 233b
GK 1057
n. f. trusting Is 30:15 (prob. inf. f. =
ֶבּטַח Is 32:17 ).
† ַבּטֻּחוֹת S 987
TWOT 233d
GK 1058
n. f. pl. security, safety Jb 12:6 .
† ֲא ַב ִטּחִים S 20
TWOT 234a
GK 19
n. [ m. ] pl. water-melons ( Mish.
אבטיח, Sam. ; cf. Löw No. 297 ; Arabic etc.; perhaps loan-word in Heb. cf. Sta §
258
; mod. Egyptian baṭṭich, biṭṭich cf. reff. in Di Nu 11:5 ; on formation cf. Lag
BN 10
, who comp. Ethiopic aqṭala ) —Egyptian fruit, ָא׳ הNu 11:5 ( || ִשּׁאִים
ֻ ִהקּ,
הֶֽ ָחצִיר, ַה ְבּ ָצלִים, ;) הַשּׁוּמִים τοὺς πέπονας .
†[ ָבּטַלS 988
TWOT 235
GK 1060
] vb. cease ( NH
ָבּטֵל, Arabic , Ethiopic both
be futile, vain , but Assyrian baṭâlu, cease Lotz TP 68 , so Aramaic ֵיל ְבּט, ) — Qal Pf.
וּבָֽטְלוּconsec. Ec 12:3 and the grinders cease .
ָ ֑בּטv 5 + ; cstr.
Arabic ) — בּ׳abs. Ju 13:7 + ; ֶן ֶבּטֶן ψ 139:13 + ; sf. ִבּ ְטנִי Jb
3:10 + ; ך ָ ְ ִבּ ְטנDt 7:13 + ; ִבּ ְטנֵ ְךGn 25:23 ; ִבּטְנוֹJb 15:2 + , etc.;— 1. a. belly,
abdomen , of man Ju 3:21 , 22 ; of woman Nu 5:21 , 22 , 27 ; as beautiful in form
Ct 7:3 ; as seat of hunger Pr 13:25 ; as eating Ez 3:3 ( || ִים ;) ֵמעcf. Pr 18:20 ( fig.
); as seat of passion, avarice, etc. Jb 20:20 , 23 ; in fig. of God’s casting riches out
of extortioner’s belly Jb 20:15 ( || ֶנּוּ ) וַיְ ִקא, cf. also ψ 17:14 ; fig. of innermost
part of a man = inmost soul Pr 18:8 = 26:22 , 20:27 , 30 (all ב׳ ;) ַח ְדרֵיas seat
of intell. faculties ( = Eng. breast or bosom ) 22:18 ( cf. ֵמעִים ψ 40:9 ) Jb 15:2 ,
35 ; 32:18 , טנִי
ְ ִבּ רוּ ַח v 19 ; as trembling at theophany Hb 3:16 . b. belly of
hippopotamus Jb 40:16 . c. שׁאוֹל
ְ ֶבּטֶן Jon 2:3 (Jonah’s prayer: || מְצוּלָה ִבּ ְלבַב
opp. soul ψ 31:10 ( opp. ֶשׁ
) יַמִּים. 2. body , ) נֶפ, also 44:26 ( opp. id. ;—on this
BP 71
cf. Zim ). 3. womb Gn 25:23 , 24 ; 38:27 (all J ) Ho 12:4 Jb 10:19 ( ||
ֶרחֶםv 18 ) Ec 11:5 Jb 31:15 ָשׂ֑הוּ הֲלֹא ַב ֶבּטֶן
ָ עשֹׁנִו ע
ֵ did not he that made me
in the womb make him ( || ָד
ֶאח ;) וַיְֻכנֶנּוּ ָבּ ֶרחֶם cf. ψ 139:13 ְבּ ֶבטֶן ְתּ ֻס ֵכּנִי, & Je
1:5 ; especially ב׳ ְפּרִיi.e. offspring Gn 30:2 ( E ) ψ 127:3 Is 13:18 ; Pr 31:2 בַּר
= ִבּ ְטנִיmy son ( || ) ְבּרִיcf. בֶּן־ ִבּ ְטנָהּIs 49:15 ; of birth יָצָא ִמ ֶבּטֶןJb 1:21 ; 3:11
Ec 5:14 ; ֶן ֶבּטalone = birth Ho 9:11 ( || ֵלרָה, ) ֵהרָיוֹן, cf. fig. ִמ ֶבּטֶן מִי יָצָא
ַה ָקּ֑רַחJb 38:29 out of whose womb came the ice? cf. לֹא ָסגַר ַדּ ְלתֵי ִבּ ְטנִיJb 3:10
i.e. of my (mother’s womb; ֶן גָּחָה ִמ ֶבּטtake, draw out of the womb , subj. ( י׳i.e.
cause to be born) ψ 22:10 ; ִי ֶבטֶן ְפּרused also of father Mi 6:7 , cf. ψ 132:11
(David as ancestor of Messian. king); Jb 19:17 טנִי ְ ְבּנֵי ִבsons of my body , of
doubtful interpr., perhaps = sons of my ( mother’s ) womb , cf. 3:10 ( Ges De ),
i.e. my brothers or men of my clan RS K 33 f. , others my sons ( Ew ), my grandsons (
Di ); also in addressing Isr. as a whole (masc. sf. ) Dt 7:13 ; 28:4 , 11 , 18 , 53 ;
30:9 , cf. טנָםְ ַמ ֲח ַמדֵּי ִבHo 9:16 beloved ones of their womb; = ) ִמ ֶבּטֶן ( מִן־ ַה ֶבּטֶן
) ָ ֑רח48:8 ;
from birth Ju 13:5 , 7 ψ 58:4 ; 71:6 , cf. also Is 44:2 , 24 ; 46:3 ( || ַם
49:1 , 5 ; ִי
ִמ ֶבּטֶן ִאמּid. Ju 16:17 Jb 31:18 ψ 22:11 ( || ) ֶרחֶם. 4. architectural
word of some rounded projection connected with the two pillars Jachin & Boaz bell,
cushion 1 K 7:20 .
† ִים בְּטֹנS 993 GK 1064 n.pr.loc. city of Gad, E. of Jordan Jos 13:26 , mod.
Baṭne , W. of Es-Salṭ ( v.d.Velde Memoir 298 ) = Βοτνία cf. Lag Onom. 234, 2nd ed. 247 .
† בִּי S 994
TWOT 238a
GK 1065
part. of entreaty , craving permission to address a
superior, always foll. by ֲדֹנִי
( אor ) אֲדֹנָי, and always (except Jos 7:8 ) at the
beginning of a speech, I pray, excuse me — ( not improb. from √ ; בייso that בִּי
אֲדֹנִיwill be literally a supplication of (i.e. to ) my lord !
cf. Wetzst l.c. , who
compares the Arabic lit. a prayer to my lord ! a standing formula = Pray, excuse me
, used exactly as ֲדֹנִי
בִּי א. According to others contr. from ְבּעִי, from ָבּעָהto ask ,
and so lit. a petition ! cf. Aramaic ָעוּ
ְבּב, (e.g. Gn 19:18 , Nu 12:13 S ); but
עis not often elided in Heb. ) — Gn 44:18 ֶר־נָא
בִּי אֲדֹנִי יְַדבּI pray , my lord, let
thy servant speak, etc.; so Nu 12:11 Ju 6:13 1 S 1:26 1 K 3:17 , 26 , and foll. by
† בִּין S 4000 , 995 TWOT 239 GK 1067 , 4430 vb. discern ( Nö ZMG 1883, 532 f. ; Arabic
become separated, be distinct , IV. speak perspicuously; Ethiopic I. 2 consider, perceive ,
Aramaic make to understand , cf. Sab. ( ביןthe ) wise , as epith., Mordt ZMG 1876, 37 )
— Qal Pf. בִּין Dn 10:1 ; ָה
ַבּנְתּψ 139:2 ; בִּינֹתִיDn 9:2 ; Impf. יָבִין ψ 19:13 + 25
times; ֵן
וְיָבJe 9:11 + 2 times; וַיָּבֶן1 S 3:8 + 2 times; אָבִינָהψ 73:17 + 4 times; יָבִינוּ
Pr 28:5 + 12 times; Imv. בִּיןDn 9:23 ; בִּינָהψ 5:2 ; בִּינוּDt 32:7 + 2 times; Inf.
abs. בִּין Pr 23:1 ; Pt. ָבּנִיםJe 49:7 ;— 1. perceive (with the senses):— a. eyes , acc.
Pr 7:7 , with ל
ְ Jb 9:11 ; 14:21 ; 23:8 Pr 14:15 . b. ears , acc. Pr 29:19 , with reflex. ְל
Jb 13:1 . c. touch , acc. ψ 58:10 . d. taste , acc. Jb 6:30 . 2. understand, know (with
mind):— a. abs. Jb 18:2 ; 38:20 ; 42:3 ψ 49:21 ; 82:5 Pr 24:12 Is 6:9 , 10 ; 44:18
Dn 12:10 Ho 4:14 ; 14:10 ; שׁמעתי ולא אביןI heard but I could not understand Dn
12:8 . b. acc. Jb 15:9 ; 23:5 ; 36:29 Pr 2:5 , 9 ; 20:24 ; 28:5 ψ 19:13 ; 92:7 Je
9:11 ; יבין משׁפטJb 32:9 Pr 28:5 ; יבין דעתPr 29:7 . c. with ִי כּ1 S 3:8 2 S 12:19
ְ , יבין ָל ָד֑עַתIs 32:4 . 3. observe, mark, give heed to,
Is 43:10 . d. with inf. & ל
distinguish, consider (with attention):— a. acc. Dt 32:7 ψ 5:2 ; 50:22 ; 94:7 , 8 Pr
23:1 ; 21:29 ( Qr ) Dn 9:2 ; 10:1 . b. with ל ְ , ψ 73:17 ; 139:2 Dt 32:29 . c. with ְבּ,
Ezr 8:15 Ne 13:7 Dn 9:23 . d. with אל, ψ 28:5 . e. with ַל
ע, Dn 11:30 , 37 . 4. have
discernment, insight, understanding Je 49:7 . Niph. ִי
נְבֻנוֹתIs 10:13 ; Pt. נָבוֹן Gn
41:33 + 15 times; pl. נְבוֹנִים Je 4:22 , elsewhere נְבֹנִיםDt 1:13 Is 5:22 (Baer) Ec
9:11 ; נְבֹנָיוIs 29:14 ; be intelligent, discreet, discerning, have understanding 1 S
16:18 Pr 1:5 ; 10:13 ; 14:6 ; 16:21 ; 17:28 ; 19:25 Ec 9:11 Is 3:3 ; 5:21 ; 10:13 ;
29:14 Je 4:22 Ho 14:10 ; ֵב נָבוֹן לintelligent mind Pr 14:33 ; 15:14 ; 18:15 ; נָבוֹן
וְ ָחכָםGn 41:33 , 39 ; חכם ונבוןDt 4:6 1 K 3:12 ; חכמים ונבניםDt 1:13 . Po l.
יְבוֹנֲנֵהוּhe attentively considereth him Dt 32:10 . Hiph. Pf. ֵהבִיןJb 28:23 + 5 times;
Impf. ִין יָבIs 28:9 + 4 times; וַיָּבֶן2 Ch 11:23 Dn 9:22 ; Inf. ָהבִיןψ 32:9 + 9 times;
Imv. ֵן ָהבDn 8:16 + 12 times; Pt. ֵמבִיןPr 28:7 + 26 times;— 1. understand: — a.
abs. Is 29:16 ; 40:21 ; 56:11 1 K 3:11 ψ 32:9 Dn 8:17 ; 10:12 . b. acc. 1 Ch 28:9
Jb 28:23 Pr 1:2 , 6 ; 8:5 ; 14:8 Is 28:19 Dn 8:23 Mi 4:12 ; ִין
ֵמבone with
understanding Pr 8:9 ; 17:10 , 24 ; 28:2 , 7 , 11 ; מדָּע
ַ ְמ ִבינֵיDn 1:4 ; able to
understand (i.e. old enough) Ne 8:3 ; 10:29 , cf. 8:2 ( sq. ע ַ ֹ) לִשׁמ. 2. give heed to,
Mordt J. H. Mordtmann.
attend to, observe, discern, abs. Is 57:1 2 Ch 11:23 Dn 8:5 ; c. ְבּNe 8:12 Dn 9:23
; 10:11 ; בּ
ְ ֵמבִיןskilled in 2 Ch 26:5 ; 34:12 ; c. אֶלψ 33:15 ; בין טוב לרע
1 K 3:9 .
3. give understanding, make understand, teach: — a. abs. Dn 8:27 ; 9:22 . b. with acc.
pers. ψ 119:34 , 73 , 125 , 130 , 144 , 169 Jb 32:8 Ne 8:7 , 9 Is 40:14 . c. with לְ
pers. 2 Ch 35:3 Dn 11:33 ; with ל
ְ pers. & acc. rei Jb 6:24 Dn 8:16 . d. ְבּrei Ne
8:8 , + acc. pers. Dn 1:17 . e. double acc. Is 28:9 ψ 119:27 Dn 10:14 ; ִין
ֵמבteacher
1 Ch 15:22 ; 25:7 , 8 ; 27:32 Ezr 8:16 . Hithpo l. Pf. ִהתְבּוֹנָ֑ן Is 1:3 + 6 times;
Impf. ֶאתְבּוֹנֵןJb 23:15 + 3 times; ֶאתְבּוֹנָ֑ןJb 32:12 + 5 times; יִתְבּוֹנְנוּψ 107:43 + 2
times; ְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ
יִתIs 14:16 ; 43:18 . 1. shew oneself attentive, consider diligently: — a.
abs. Jb 11:11 ; 23:15 Is 1:3 Je 2:10 ; 9:16 . b. acc. Jb 37:14 ψ 107:43 ; 119:95 Is
43:18 ; 52:15 . c. with ֶל
א1 K 3:21 Is 14:16 . d. with עַלJb 31:1 ψ 37:10 . e. with עד
Jb 32:12 ; 38:18 . f. with בּ
ְ Jb 30:20 Je 30:24 . 2. get understanding, understand Je
23:20 Jb 26:14 ( sq. acc. ) ψ 119:104 . 3. shew oneself to have understanding ψ
119:100 .
† ָה
בּוּנS 946 GK 1007 n.pr. m. ( intelligence = Palm. n.pr. בונא Vog No. 3
)
a man of Judah 1 Ch 2:25 .
ַ֫ S
[ בּיִן 996
TWOT 239a
GK 1068
] subst. proposes interval, space between ( id. )
— cstr. בֵּין, once Is 44:4 (Baer) ֵן
בּ, בֵּינִי, בֵּֽינְ ָך, בֵינֵ ְך, † בֵּינָיו ( בֵּינוֹJos 3:4 ;
8:11 Qr ); with pl. sf. in pl. form ֵינֵינוּ
) ֵבּנֵינוּ ( בּ, etc.; also † בֵּינוֹתEz 10:2 ( ×2 )
, 6 ( ×2 )
, 7 ( ×2 )
( + 1:13 Hi Ew etc. for ) דְּמוּת, ֵינוּ
† בֵּינוֹתGn 26:28 Jos
22:34 Ju 11:10 , ָם
† בֵּינוֹתGn 42:23 2 S 21:7 Je 25:16 ; dual ( ֵבּנַיִםv. infr. );—
1. always (except dual) as prep. in the interval of, between ( so Aramaic ֵין
בּ, & pl.
בֵּינֵי, ; ) , as Gn 15:17 בֵּין ַהגְּזָרִיםbetween the pieces, Ex 13:9 al. בֵּין עֵינֶי ָך
between thy eyes ( v. ) ַעיִן, Is 22:11 al. between the two walls ( v. ) חוֹמָה, Jb
24:11 ; 30:7 ; 40:30 part him between merchants; more gen. among Ho 13:15 Ct
2:2 , 3 Ez 19:2 ; 31:3 Jb 34:37 ; less exactly within Ju 5:11 Pr 26:13 a lion is
בֵּין הָֽרְחֹבוֹתwithin the broad places ( cf. 23:13 ) בְּתוֹ ְך: once with a sing.
(unusual) Dn 8:16 ֵין אוּלַי בּbetween the Ulai, i.e. between its banks. When the
space separating two distinct objects is to be indicated, this is done a. most commonly
by repeating בין, as Gn 13:3 ֵל וּבֵין ָה ָע֑י בֵּין בֵּי ְתאlit. in the interval of Bethel, and
in the interval of Ai , i.e. between Bethel and Ai , 16:14 ; 17:7 ; 31:50 , 51 +
often b. more rarely by … ֵין ְל בּ, Gn 1:6 dividing בֵּין ַמיִם ָל ָמ֑יִםlit. in the interval
of waters with reference to waters, i.e. between the waters and the waters, Lv 20:25 ;
27:33 Dt 17:8 ( ×3 ) 2 S 19:36 1 K 3:9 Ez 41:18 ; 42:20 ; 44:23 ( ×2 ) Jon 4:11
Mal 3:18 ( ×2 ) 2 Ch 14:10 . c. by לְ † בֵּין … וּJo 2:17 . d. by † בֵּין … ְלבֵיןIs 59:2 .
בֵּיןis used not only of actual locality, but also with verbs of dividing ( fig. ) Gn 1:14
Lv 10:10 , and of judging, knowing, teaching, etc., if the idea of distinguishing be
involved, as Gn 16:5 2 S 19:36 ֵין מוֹב ְלרָע ַה ֵאדַע בּcan I discern between good
and evil? 1 K 3:9 Jon 4:11 ; Gn 31:49 (watch between ), Ju 11:10 (hear), Jos
22:27 (witness), Is 2:4 and he shall judge (arbitrate) between the nations, 5:3 ; Lv
27:33 ; Ez 44:23 ; Mal 3:18 ; 2 Ch 14:10 (see RV ); and in other metaph.
applications, as of a covenant or sign between two contracting parties, Gn 9:12 , 15
Ex 31:13 + ; or an oath Gn 26:28 2 S 21:7 ; enmity or strife Gn 3:15 ; 13:7 Dt
25:1 Pr 6:19 ; peace 1 K 5:26 ; good-will Pr 14:9 .—It is used of time in the phrase
of P בּיִםַ ( בֵּין ָה ַע ְרv. sub ) ֶערֶב, & Ne 5:18 ֲשׂרֶת יָמִים ֶ בֵּין עduring the interval
of ten days, i.e. every ten days (unusual).
2. † Dual בּנַ֫יִם
ֵ space between two armies ( = Gk. μεταίχμιον ), 1 S 17:4 , 23
אִישׁ ַה ֵבּנַיִםman of the μεταίχμιον , i.e. champion (of Goliath).
† ֵית בּS 1040 fem. of ַבּיִן, ( בֵּיןNö M 194 f. ; Syriac often, PS 470 ) prep.
between Ez 41:9b (to be joined with v 10 ; see RVm ), unless indeed a mere error
for ֵין
( בּwhich Ez often uses); also Pr 8:2 according to ( ἀνὰ μέσον ) B
§ 217 g
Hi Ew ; and Jb 8:17 according to Ew Di 1 ( Di 2
undecided).
† ִין
יָבS 2985 GK 3296 n.pr. m. ( one who is intelligent, discerning ) two
Canaanite kings of Hazor;— 1. Jos 11:1 . 2. Ju 4:2 , 7 , 17 , 23 , 24 ( ×2 ) ψ 83:10 .
(But cf. Be Ju 4:2 Bu RS 66 ff. )
† תְּבוּנָה S 8394
TWOT 239c
GK 9312
n. f. understanding Dt 32:28 + 27 times;
sf. תְּבוּנָתִיPr 5:1 + 7 times; תובנתוJb 26:12 Kt ( Qr תְּבוּנָם ;) תְּבוּנָתוֹHo 13:2
f or ָם תְּבוּנָתv. De ψ 27:5 ; תְּבוּנוֹתψ 49:4 + 4 times; תְּבוּנוֹתֵיכֶםJb 32:11 ;—
1. the act Jb 26:12 ψ 78:72 ; 136:5 Pr 3:19 ; 21:30 ; 24:3 Je 10:12 ( = 51:15 )
Ez 28:4 Ho 13:2 Ob 7 . 2. the faculty Ex 31:3 ; 35:31 ; 36:1 ( P ) Dt 32:38
(poet.) Jb 12:12 , 13 Pr 2:6 , 11 ; 28:16 Is 44:19 ; ְבוּנָה
אִישׁ תּPr 10:23 ; 15:21 ;
17:27 ; 20:5 ; ְבוּנוֹת
תּ אִישׁ Pr 11:12 ( = Ob 8 where אישׁomitted by scribal
error); תּבוּנָה
ְ ֶדּ ֶר ְך Is 40:14 . 3. the object of knowledge Pr 2:3 ; 3:13 ; 5:1 ; 14:29 ;
18:2 ; 19:8 ψ 49:4 ; 147:5 Is 40:28 1 K 5:9 ; 7:14 ; תטה לבך לתבונהincline
thy mind to understanding Pr 2:2 ; reasons Jb 32:11 . 4. personified Pr 8:1 as
teacher .
בֵּיצָה S 1000
TWOT 218a
GK 1070
v. sub בוץ.
ַבּיִר S 953
TWOT 194e
GK 1071
v. בורsub באר.
† ָה בִּירS 1001 , 1002 , 1003 TWOT 240 , 2628 GK 1072 , 1073 n. f. castle, palace ( late &
prob. loan-word; cf. Assyrian bîrtu , fortress Dl HA 22 ; Pers. bâru = Skr. bura,
† [ ִית
] בִּי ָרנn. f. fortress, fortified place (late); only pl. abs. בִּי ָרנִיּוֹת וְ ָערֵי
ִמ ְסכְּנוֹת 2 Ch 17:12 built by Jehoshaphat; ִים
וּ ִמגְ ָדּל בּ׳ 27:4 built by Jotham.
house ( Ph. בת, MI . בת, sf. ביתה, Arabic , Aramaic ַבּיְתָא, , Assyrian bîtu , COT
Gloss.
, Sab. בית, בת, fortress DHM ZMG 1883, 387 ; temple Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697 ,
Ethiopic Palm. in בת עלמא, בת מקברתאsepulchre Vog 32, 64 al. ; etym. dub. ; Thes
√ בות, Aramaic בּוּת, spend the night , Arabic , Ethiopic but this perhaps denom., &
ביתfrom √ ל׳יc. תafform. cf. Sta § 187 a ) —abs; ַבּיִתEx 12:30 + ; ָ ֑בּיִתGn 33:17
+ ; ָה ָ — ה ( ַ ֫בּיְתloc. ) ψ 68:7 + ; cstr. בֵּיתGn 12:15 + ; sf. בֵּיתִיGn 15:2 + ;
בֵּי ְת ָךGn 7:1 + , etc.; ַה ַבּ֫יְתָה, ( ַבּיְתָהin ) to the house, homeward , Gn 19:10 ψ 68:7
+ ; also ָה ( ֵ ֫בּיתin ) to the house of …; pl. בָּֽתָּיםEx 1:21 + (i.e. bâttîm , v. Nö in
Me Archaeology i. 456 f. , cf. Ges § 96 ); cstr. ֵי ָבּתּEx 8:17 + ; sf. ָבּתֶּי ָךEx 10:6 ; בָּֽתָּיו
1 Ch 28:11 ; ֵינוּ ָבּתּEx 12:27 + ; בָּֽתֵּיכֶםGn 42:19 ; ָבּתֵּיהֶםNu 16:32 + ; ( בָּֽ ֵתּ֫ימוֹψ
49:12 ), etc.;— 1. house , a. as dwelling, habitation Gn 19:2 , 3 , 4 , 11 ; 27:15 33:17
( obj. of בּנָה
ָ ) Ex 12:7 + often; מוֹשׁב
ַ בּ׳Lv 25:29 ( cf. ְשׁ ְבתִּי ִ ַבּיִת ל2 S 7:5 ); = בֵּית
in the house of , when modifying word follows, cf. Dr Sm 29, n. 2
(after st. cstr. ַבּיִת
אוֹ מוֹ ֶלדֶת הוּץ מוֹ ֶלדֶתLv 19:9 ); e.g. בּ׳ אָבִי ָךGn 24:23 ; ִישׁהּ
ָ בּ׳ אNu 30:11 ; בּ׳
יהוה2 K 23:24 ; so in n.pr. ביתאלAm 7:13 ; (ה) ַ ֫בּיְתָהinto the house, home Ex 9:19
(of man & beast) cf. Ju 19:18 1 S 6:7 ( cf. v 10 ) 1 K 13:7 , 15 ψ 68:7 Is 14:17
etc.; cf. sub 7 infr. ; partic. ( α ) in J occasionally of tent Gn 27:15 cf. 33:17 ( c.
; בנהhere of nomad’s hut); usually ( β ) house of solid materials, with doorposts, etc. Ex
12:7 Dt 6:9 ; 11:20 , walls Lv 14:37 , 39 , of stones, timber & mortar v 45 ( cf. v
40 , 42 , 43 ); so also Jos 2:15 ; supported by pillars Ju 16:26 f. ; with roof on which
one could walk 2 S 11:12 etc.; v. especially temple and king’s house in Jerusalem 1 K
Ry V. Ryssel.
Me A. Merx.
st. status, state, stative.
5–7 etc.; cf. Ct 1:17 Je 22:14 ; of Ezekiel’s temple Ez 40f. ; ְפוּנִים
ס בָּֽ ֵתּכֶםof
luxurious houses Hg 1:4 ; ִים
טֹב בנה בָּֽתִּים Dt 8:12 ; בּנה ַבּיִת־ ָחדָשׁ Dt 20:5 cf.
22:8 ; also c. בנה Dt 28:30 + often; ( γ ) cstr. before word of material, רזִים
ָ ֲא בּ׳2 S
7:2 , 7 = 1 Ch 17:1 ( ָא׳ ) בּ׳ הv 6 ; ַשׁן ֵ בּ׳ ה1 K 22:39 cf. Am 3:15 ; בּ׳ גָּזִית
house of hewn stone Am 5:11 ; cf. ָנוֹן בֵּית יְעַר ַה ְלּב1 K 7:2 2 Ch 9:20 , בֵּית ַהיַּעַרIs
22:8 ; ( δ ) also before word of quality or characteristic, ֶל בֵּית ֵאבEc 7:2 || ִשׁתֶּה ְ ; בּ׳ מv
4 || ָה בּ׳ ַמ ְרזֵ ַח ; בּ׳ ִשׂ ְמחJe 16:5 ; ִשׁתֶּה ְ בּ׳ מJe 16:8 ; בָּֽתֵּי ֶח ְמ ָדּ ֵת ְךEz 26:12 ; בֵּית
֑ ַתּ ֲענֻנMi 2:9 ; cf. בּ׳ ְמרִיrebellious house sub 5. d infr. ; ( ε ) in combinations, of
ֶי ָה
structures for various purposes:—(1) ך ְ = בֵּית ַה ֶמּ ֶלpalace 1 K 9:1 , 10 ; 10:12 + , etc.;
בֵּית ַמ ְמּ ָלכָהAm 7:13 cf. sub 2 infr. ; בּ׳ ַה ַמּלְכוּתEst 5:1 cf. 2:16 ; בּ׳ ְל ַמלְכוּתוֹ2
Ch 1:18 ; (2) ַר = בֵּית הַסֹּהthe prison Gn 39:20 ( ×2 ) , 21 , 22 ( ×2 ) , 23 ( ×2 ) ; 40:3 ,
5 ; cf. ֶם ִשׁ ַמ ְרכ
ְ בּ׳ מGn 42:19 ; ִשׁ ֶמרֶת ְ בּ׳ מ2 S 20:3 ; הָאָסוּר בּ׳Je 37:15 ; בּ׳
ָהאֲסיּריםJu 16:21 , 25 ; בּ׳ ָהסֿוּרִיםEc 4:14 ; בּ׳ ַה ֶכּלֶא1 K 22:27 2 K 17:4 2 Ch
18:26 Je 37:15 , 18 cf. Is 42:7 ; ֶא בּ׳ ֶכּל2 K 25:27 ; בּ׳ ַה ַמּ ְה ֶפּכֶת2 Ch 16:10 ; בּ׳
ְליּא֯ ַהכּJe 37:4 ; 52:31 ; בָּֽתֵּי ְכ ָלאִיםIs 42:22 ; בֵּית־הַבּוֹרJe 37:16 ; בּ׳ ַה ְפּקֻדּוֹתJe
52:31 ; (3) ֵית ָשׁים בּ ִ ַהנּhouse of the women, harem Est 2:9 , 11 , 13 , 14 ; (4) בּ׳
ִשׁתֵּה ַהיַּיִן ְ מEst 7:8 ; בּ׳ ַהיָּ֑יןCt 2:4 ; cf. מָשׂוֹשׂ בָּֽתֵּיIs 32:13 ; (5) בֵּית הַחֹרֶףAm
3:15 Je 36:22 ; קּ֑יִץ בּ׳ ָ ַהAm 3:15 ; (6) בֵּית ֵכּלָיו & בֵּית נְכֹתֹה2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2
; (7) הגָּן ַ בֵּיתgarden-h. (or n.pr. ? cf. p. 111 ) 2 K 9:27 ; (8) בֵּית־ ֵעקֶדbinding-h. (or
n.pr. ?) 2 K 10:12 , 14 ; (9) בדִים ָ בֵּית ֲעh. of slaves (where slaves live), only fig. of
Egypt Ex 13:3 , 14 ; 20:2 Dt 5:6 ; 6:13 ; 7:8 ; 8:14 ; 13:6 , 11 Jos 24:17 Ju 6:8
Mi 6:4 Je 34:13 ;—on ְשׁיתִ בּ׳ ַה ָחפ2 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21 cf. ; חמשׁיתespecially
(10) י׳ = בֵּיתtemple 1 K 7:12 , 40 , 45 , 51 & very often; also (mostly late) בֵּית
ָהאֱלֹהִים1 Ch 9:11 , 13 , 26 + often; but also of earlier tent of worship Ju 18:31 ; v.
also ֶל
בּ׳ הָאֹה1 Ch 9:23 ; cf. בּ׳ אֱלֹהִיםof local shrine 17:5 ; & also in mouth of
Jacob, as explanation of name of Bethel Gn 28:17 ( cf. v 19 ), & as name of stone, or
Mac̦c̦eba v 22 (all E ); also ב׳ י׳of earlier tent of worship Ju 19:18 1 S 1:7 , 24 2 S
12:20 ( cf. further ִים
אֱלֹה, הָאוֹצָר ;) יהוה בּ׳ Mal 3:10 ; cf. הֵיכַל ַה ַבּיִת 1 K 6:3 , &
בּ׳alone in same sense, especially 1 K 6 cf. 2 Ch 1:18 ; 2:3 , 11 + ; v. 1 Ch 28:2
; וְַלהֲדֹם ַרגְלֵי אֱלֹהֵינוּ בּ׳ מְנוּחָה ַלאֲרוֹן ְבּרִית־י׳also בֵּית הַקֹּדֶשׁ29:3 ; ָשׁים בּ׳ ִ ַה ֳקּד
קֹדֶשׁ2 Ch 3:8 , 10 ; ְשׁנוּ וְ ִתפְאַ ְרתֵּנוֵּ בּ׳ ָקדIs 64:10 ; בֵּית־זְבֻל2 Ch 6:2 ; בֵּית זָ֑בַח2
Ch 7:12 ; ָשׁםָ בֵּית ִמ ְקדּ2 Ch 36:17 ; בּ׳ ְתּ ִפלָּהIs 56:7 ( ×2 ) ; בּ׳ ִתּפְאַ ְרתִּי60:7 ; also of
heathen temples ִית ב׳ ַבּעַל־ ְבּרJu 9:4 ; ב׳־דָּגוֹן1 S 5:5 ; ַשׁתָּרוֹת ְ ב׳ ע1 S 31:10 ; ב׳
רִמּוֹן2 K 5:18 ( ×3 )
; ַל
ב׳ ַה ַבּע2 K 10:21 ( ×2 )
, 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 ; 11:18 ; ֶםבּ׳ ֲע ַצבֵּיה
1 S 31:9 (but read rather את־עצביהםas in || 1 Ch 10:9 so We Dr ); ָמוֹת
בּ בֵּית1
K 12:31 ( cf. MI ) בת במת, v. also 13:32 2 K 17:29 , 32 ; ָיו בֵּית אוֹצַר אֱלֹהDn
1:2 , etc.; made of woven material 2 K 23:7 ; ְגוֹת ָשׁים אֹרִ ֲשׁד ַהנּ
ֶ ֲשׁרָה אֵ ָשׁם בָּֽתִּים ָלא
perhaps = tent-shrines but text dub. Χεττιει̂ν ( ;)? כתנות L στολάς ; cf. Ew
H iii. 718
& Klo ; ( ζ ) of portion of larger building (late), so pl. ָיו בָּֽתּ1 Ch 28:11 i.e. of
the temple ( || ָיו ַגּנְזַכּ, ֲעלִיֹּתָיו, ;) ֲח ָדרָיוcf. בּ׳ ַהכַּפֹּרֶתib. ; ַשּׁלִיםְ בּ׳ ַהמְֿבEz 46:24 .
b. as shelter or abode of animals 1 S 6:7 , 10 cf. Ex 9:19 ; ִישׁ בֵּית ַע ָכּבJb 8:14
spider’s web ( cf. בּנָה ָ ָכעָשׁ בֵּיתוֹ27:18 ); of wild ass Jb 39:6 ; בֵיתוֹ ַשׂ ְמתִּי ֲע ָרבָה
צִפּוֹר מָֽצְאָה ַבּיִתψ 84:4 ( || ְרוֹשׁים ;) קֵן ִ בֵּיתָהּ ֲחסִידָה בּψ 104:17 ( cf. || & Che );
Pr 30:26 (of the פנִּים ַ ‘ ְשׁconies’). c. fig. of human bodies בָּֽתֵּי־חֹמֶרJb 4:19 houses
of clay , cf. in phr. בּיִת ַ שֹׁ ְמרֵי ַהEc 12:3 keepers of the house , i.e. the arms; v.
further רי ֑ ָ בֵּית מְגוּψ 119:54 . d. of Sh ôl , ְשׁאוֹל בֵּיתִיJb 17:13 , cf. בֵּית מוֹעֵד
ְלכָל־ ָ ֑חי30:23 ( || ֵבּית עוֹלָמוֹ ;) ָמוֶתEc 12:5 (perhaps = tomb, v. De ). e. of abode
of light & darkness Jb 38:20 . f. Ephraim as בּ׳ יהוהHo 8:1 ; 9:15 ( cf. ֶץ י׳ ֶאר9:3 );
cf. Zc 9:8 . 2. place , of Jerusalem ַי בֵית ִקבְרוֹת אֲבֹתNe 2:3 ( || עִירv 5 ), cf. also
n.pr. cpd. with ֵית בּ, infr. , & בֵּית ַמ ְמ ָלכָהAm 7:13 (pred. of Bethel); בֵּית נְתִיבוֹת
Pr 8:2 i.e. where paths meet RV ; בנִים ָ בּ׳ ֲאJb 8:17 ; on both these v. בֵּיתsub [ ] ַבּיִן
ֵבּיןp. 108 . † 3. receptacle , ְתּ ָעלָה ְכּבֵית סָא ַתיִם1 K 18:32 a trench like a receptacle
of two seahs; ֶשׁ בָּֽתֵּי נֶפIs 3:20 i.e. vials of perfume; especially בָּֽתִּים ְל ַבדִּיםEx
25:27 holders for the staves , i.e. rings, בּעֹת ָ ַטib. ; so 37:14 , 27 ; 38:5 ; cf. בָּֽתִּים
ַל ְבּרִיחִם26:29 ; 36:34 holders for the bars (all P , & all expl. by בֵּית־לָהּ ;) טבעת
ָסבִיבEz 1:27 ( si vera l. ) its [ cstr. as ψ 58:5 ] house ( = enclosing cage) was round
about ( del. BHi Co ). 4. of house as containing a family, hence in phr. of slaves
belonging to household ֵיתוֹ יְלִידֵי בGn 14:14 cf. 17:12 ( opp. ) ִמ ְקנַת־ ֶכּסֶףv 13
(all || id. ); fig. of Israel Je 2:14 ( || ֶד
;) ֶעבcf. בֶּן־בֵּיתִי Gn 15:3 ; ִי
ל ְבּנֵי־ ַביִת ָהיָה Ec
2:7 (as token of wealth & prosperity); also of one’s sister בּיִת
ַ
מוֹ ֶלדֶתLv 18:19 ( || ם׳
חוּץ cf. infr. ); ֵיתוֹ
ְשׁי ב
ֵ אַנGn 17:27 ; נַפְשׁוֹת בּ׳Gn 36:6 ; ְלבֵית־יַעֲקֹב כָּל־ ַהנֶּפֶשׁ
Gn 46:27 . Hence 5. household, family (592 times) a. ordinary sense, those belonging to
the same household Gn 7:1 ; 12:1 , 17 + , Dt 6:22 ; 11:6 + ; Hex mostly JD; E Gn
35:2 ; 42:33 ; 50:22 cf. Ex 1:21 infr. ; P Gn 36:6 Ex 1:1 ; 12:4 Lv 16:6 , 11 ,
17 Nu 16:32 ; 18:31 Jos 22:15 ; even where expressly said to inhabit tents Nu 16:32
Dt 11:6 ֶם ; אֶת־בָּֽתֵּיהֶם וְאֶת־אָ ֳהלֵיהspecif. זְקַן־בּ׳Gn 24:2 cf. 50:7 (of rank &
dignity in household); of a family of handicraftsmen ֻץ
ַהבּ ִשׁפְּחוֹת בֵּית־עֲבֹדַת
ְמ 1 Ch
70
; ֵל
הַר בֵּֽי ְתא1 S 13:2 ; later important place of worship 1 S 10:3 ָהאֱלֹהִים
; בֵּי ְתאֵל ָעלָה אֶל־abode of prophet
1 K 13:11 2 K 2:3 ; Jeroboam set up one of the
golden calves at Bethel 1 K 12:29f. cf. also 13:1f. 2 K 10:29 ; 23:15 Je 48:13
v. further 2 K 17:28 ; 2 K 23:15 Th prop. on internal grounds, ֵית אַל בּhouse of
nothingness , or ָה בּ׳ אָלhouse of execration; בּ׳ אָלָהalso Renan Hist. iii. 185 ; in proph.
Am 3:14 ; 4:4 ; 5:5 ( ×2 ) , 6 ; 7:10 , 13 Ho 10:15 ; note especially Am 5:5
ביתאל יִ ְהיֶה לְאָ֑וֶן, & ( בֵּית אָוֶןhouse of iniquity ) as substit. for ביתאלHo 4:15 ;
5:8 ; 10:5 ( עגְּלוֹת בית און ֶ );—mod. Beitîn Rob BR i. 448 f. Guérin Judée iii. 14–27 cf.
Bd Pal. 215 Survey iii. 305 . 2. place in south country of Judah, not far from Beersheba
& Ziklag 1 S 30:27 cf. We Dr ; = MT כסילJos 15:30 (textual error;
Βαιθηλ ); also ְתוּל
בּJos 19:4 , בְּתוּאֵל1 Ch 4:30 .
† ֵֿאל בֵּית ֽאַ ְרבS 1009 GK 1079 n.pr.loc. Ho 10:14 , perhaps Arbel near Pella
(E. of Jordan) Jer Euseb. in Lag Onom. 88, 2nd ed. 123; 214, 2nd ed. 236 , cf. Now ad loc. ;
but in Galilee Rob BR ii. 399 , mod. Irbid , cf. Furrer ZPV ii. 1879, 57 f. ; Bd Pal. 257 .
Luz S. D. Luzzatto.
We J. Wellhousen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten .
Th O. Thenius.
Renan E. Renan.
32:3 , 38 1 Ch 5:8 ; possessed by Moab Je 48:23 Ez 25:9 ;—mod. Ma‛în Tristr
Moab 303 f.
Schick ZPV ii. 1879, 5 Survey EP i. 176 Bd Pal. 192 .
×2 )
(? = בֵּית ֲע ָברָהplace of ford ) .
† ָמוּל
בֵּית גּS 1014 GK 1085 n.pr.loc. in Moab Je 48:23 ( place of recompense )
—mod. Umm ej-Jemâl ? Bd Pal. 203 , 5 hours S. from Boṣra .
† בֵּית־דָּגוֹן S 1016
GK 1087
Jos 15:41 , דָּגֹן בֵּית 19:27 n.pr.loc. 1. in Judah (
house , i.e. temple of Dagon; Assyrian Bît-Daganna COT Jos 15:41 , & i. p. 281 )
Jos 15:41 ( Βαγαδιηλ , but L Βηθδαγων )—name appears in mod. Beit
BR ii. 232
Dejân , SE. of Jaffa, but loc. unsuitable, cf. Rob . 2. in Asher Jos 19:27 (
Βαιθεγενεθ , but L Βηθδαγων ) perhaps = Beit Dejen , near Akko, cf. Di .
Jerome Opp (ed. Vallarsi), iii. 38 defines as domus tritici , and says ( Id. ib. 174 ): ‘ sed et usque
hodie grandis vicus Capherdago inter Diospolim et Jamniam demonstratur .’
[Elsewhere he defines ( דגוןId. ib 48 ) as ‘ piscis tristitiae ’] ( HPS , privately) as if דָּג
! יָגוֹן
Tristr H. B. Tritram.
Survey Survey of Eastern Palestine (PEF).
Opp Jules Oppert.
HPS H. P. Smith.
† ָם בֵּית ֶהרn.pr.loc. in Gad Jos 13:27 = בֵּית ָהרָןNu 32:36 , mod. Beit
Harrân , 1 hour E. of Jordan, opp. Jericho, Tristr Moab 348 ; name Tell er-Râm ( eh )
Merrill PESoc iv. 1877 Schick ZPV 1879. 3, 246 ( cf. Lag Onom. 103. 16, 2nd ed. 137 al. )
† בֵּית חוֹרֹן n.pr.loc. Jos 10:10 , 11 , also חֹרוֹן בּ׳, בּ׳ חֹרֹן, & in Ch בּ׳
חוֹרוֹן, two cities in Ephraim, lower & upper B.H. ( place of a hole or hollow (?) חֹר
, perhaps from a wady betw. the two, or near by; cf. also ֶה ַמ ֲעלJos 10:10 , מוֹרַדv
11 1 Macc 3:16 , 24 ) 1 Ch 7:24 ְיוֹן ; אֶת־בּית־חוֹרוֹן ַה ַתּחְתּוֹן וְאֶת־ ָה ֶעלfurther,
a. ְיוֹן
בּ׳ ח׳ ֶעלJos 16:5 ; בּ׳ ח׳ ָה ֶעלְיוֹן2 Ch 8:5 . b. 1 hour W. from a. בּ׳ ח׳ ַתּחְתּוֹן
Jos 16:3 ; 18:13 1 K 9:17 ; ְתּוֹן בּ׳ ח׳ ַה ַתּח2 Ch 8:5 ; also Jos 10:10 , 11 ; 18:14 ;
prob. also 21:22 1 S 13:18 1 Ch 6:53 2 Ch 25:13 ;—mod. Beit ‛Ubr el-fôqa & et-
taḫta Rob BR ii. 250 f. Bd Pal. 21 Survey iii. 86 ;— cf. ַחֹרֹנִי
הadj. gent. Ne 2:10 ,
19 ; 13:28 , only of Sanballat; also du. חֹרֹנַיִםJos 10:10 , 11 & 2 S 13:34
We Dr .
† ְשׁימוֹת
ִ בֵּית ַהי S 1020
GK 1093
n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan ( place of the desert ,
) ישׁםin Moab Ez 25:9 ; ְשׁמֹת
ִ בּ׳ ַהיNu 33:49 Jos 12:3 ; given to Reuben בּ׳
ְשׁמוֹת
ִ ַהיJos 13:20 ;—perhaps mod. es-Suweime , De Saulcy Voyage i. 315 f. , cf. Merrill
PESoc . iv.1877 Pal. 172 EP i. 156
Bd Survey .
266
Kue Dr Sm
; ַלּ׳
בּ׳־ה1 S 16:1 .
† בֵּית ַמ ֲעבָה n.pr.loc. so only ם׳ אָ ֵב֫לָה וּב׳ 2 S 20:14 , where read as in v 15
and in ם׳ אָבֵל בּ׳ 1 K 15:20 2 K 15:29 Abel of Beth Maacah; c. ָ—ה loc. ;
אָ ֵב֫לָה בּ׳ ַה ַמּ ֲעכָה 2 S 20:15 ; cf. sub II. ֵל
אָב.
Jerus. Jerusalem.
We J. Wellhousen, History of Israel (trans. by Black).
Kue A. Kuenen.
† ָק בֵּית ַה ֶמּ ְרחS 1023 GK 1092 possibly n.pr.loc. house or settlement on bank of
Kidron 2 S 15:17 ( RV Beth-merhak , cf. MV RVm Far House; Ew The Ke
Sta the last house of the city).
† בֵּית־עֲנוֹת S 1042
GK 1116
n.pr.loc. in Judah ( perhaps = temple of ‛Anât Bae
Rel. 53
Hal JAs 7, xiii. 1879, p. 208
, cf. foll. ) Jos 15:59 ;—mod. Beit ‛Anûn Rob BR iii. 280
f.
Guérin Judée iii. 151 f. Survey iii. 351 . But L Βηθαρωθ , cf. mod. Bittîr , c. 2 1/2
hours SW. from Jerus. Bd Pal. 171 .
Bae Rel 53
Mey ZMG 1877, 718
) Jos 19:38 Ju 1:33 ; ע׳ בֵּית v 33 ;—perhaps mod.
† בֵּית ָפּ֑לֶט n.pr.loc. ( place of escape ) in south of Judah Jos 15:27 Ne 11:26 ;
cf. adj. gent. ַה ַפּ ְלטִי 2 S 23:26 , & so read also 1 Ch 11:27 ; 27:10 ( Be ).
† ְעוֹר בֵּית פּS 1047 GK 1121 n.pr.loc. ( = בּ׳ ַבּעַל פ׳, cf. sub ) בעלE. of
Jordan Dt 3:29 , in land of Amorites 4:46 cf. Jos 13:20 (where assigned to
Reuben); in land of Moab Dt 34:6 . On site cf. Di Nu 23:28 Lag Onom. 232. 2nd ed.
246
Cond Heth & Moab 142 f. PEF 1882, 85 f. Tristr Moab 305 .
† ֵית־צוּר בּS 1049 GK 1123 n.pr.loc. in Judah ( house of rock ) Jos 15:58 2 Ch
11:7 Ne 3:16 ; as n.pr. m. 1 Ch 2:45 ;—mod. Beit Ṣûr , c. 12 m. S. from
Jerusalem Rob BR iii. 276 f. Survey iii. 311 Bd Pal. 138 ( Burj Ṣûr ).
† בֵּית־רְחוֹב S 1050
GK 1124
n.pr.loc. ( place of street , or market ? ) near Dan
on road to Hamath Ju 18:28 2 S 10:6 (where ְחוֹב רְחֹב = ) ֲארַם בֵּית־רNu 13:21
; cf. ֲארַם צוֹבָא וּרְחוֹב 2 S 10:8 ;— loc. dub. ( cf. Rob iii. 371 f.
).
vdVelde C. W. M. van de Velde, esp. circa., Reis door Syrie en Palestina; E. T.,
Narrative of a Journey through Syria and Palestine;
Gal Galilee.
† בֵּית ְשׁאָן n.pr.loc. in Manasseh, W. of Jordan ( place of quiet ) 1 K 4:12
( ×2 )
;
ֵית־שׁאָן
ְ בּ Jos 17:11 , 16 Ju 1:27 1 Ch 7:29 ; = בֵּית ָשׁ֑ן1 S 31:10 , 12 ; ֵית־שׁן
ַ בּ
2 S 21:12 ;—mod. Beisân (Scythopolis), NH ֵישׁן
ָ בּRob BR iii. 329 Bd Pal. 224 Survey
i. 101 f.
† ַשּׁטָּת
ִ בֵּית ה n.pr.loc. ( place of the acacia ) Ju 7:22 (on site cf. Rob BR ii. 356
).
† ְשׁי
ִ ַשּׁמ
ִ בֵּית־ה adj. gent. of foregoing 1, c. art. 1 S 6:14 , 18 .
† ח
ַ בֵּית־תַּפּוּS 1054 GK 1130 n.pr.loc. in Judah ( place of apples ) Jos 15:53 ;—
mod. Taffûh Rob BR ii. 71 Bd Pal. 154 Survey iii. 310, 379 .
† בִּיתָן S 1055
TWOT 241c
GK 1131
ַהבִּיתָןEst
n. [ m. ] house, palace — abs.
7:7 , 8 ( ) ִגּנַּת הב׳cstr. ַן בִּיתEst 1:5 ( ) ִגּנַּת ב׳ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך, all garden of ; בּ׳according
to Dieulafoy RÉJ 1888, cclxxvii.
throne-room , syn. of apadâna in meaning, but cf. פּדֶן ֶ אַ.
בֵּית S 1040
prep. between , v. [ בּיִן
ַ ] sub בין.
† ָא ָבּכS 1056 , 1057 TWOT 242 GK 1132 , 1133 n. [ m. ] balsam-tree ( v. Arabic
Dozy ZMG 1869, 188 but Löw No. 47 ; according to TA like , an eruca , cf. Lane s.v.;
perhaps cf. give little milk , of camel, i.e. drop, drip ) ; pl. ִים
ְבּ ָכא2 S 5:23 , 24 =
1 Ch 14:14 , 15 ; sg. in ָא
ַה ָבּכ ֵעמֶק ψ 84:7 balsam-vale , cf. De Che .
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch.
Gu Guyard, Notes de lexicogr. assyrienne.
so of weeping in anxious entreaty Ho 4:5 ; on pt. as n.pr. Ju 2:1 , 5 v. בֹּכִים infr.
Pi. Pt. fs. ְמ ַבכָּהlament Je 31:25 sq. ; עַלbewail , pl. ְמבַכּוֹת sq. acc. Ez 8:14 .
† ֶ ֫בּכֶה S 1059
TWOT 243a
GK 1135
n. [ m. ] a weeping , only Ezr 10:1 העם
ַה ְרבֵּה בּ׳ בכו.
† ְבּכִי S 1065
TWOT 243b
GK 1140
n. m. Ju 21:2 weeping — ִי
ְבּכJu 21:2 + 20
times (also cstr. Dt 34:8 , etc.); כ֑י
ִ ִבּ ְבGn 45:2 ; ֶבּ ִכ֑יIs 15:2 + 6 times; sf. ֑ ִבּכ
ְיי ψ
) בכהJu 21:2 2 S 13:36
6:9 ;— weeping ψ 30:6 Is 15:2 , 5 ; as acc. cogn. ( c.
2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 cf. Is 16:9 ( ) בבכיJe 48:32 ( ;) מבכיaudible קול ב׳ψ 6:9
Is 65:19 Ezr 3:13 cf. Je 3:21 ; 31:16 Is 15:3 ( ֵד בבכי
ייליל יֹרv. Je 9:17 );
so also Gn 45:2 ( & ) ויתן את־קלו בב׳Je 48:5 ( בבכי יעלה בכיi.e. the sound of
it shall ascend)—but text here suspicious, cf. Is 15:5 ; as disfiguring Jb 16:16 ; ||
words of mourning Est 4:3 ( ֶל ֵאב, צוֹם, ) ִמ ְספֵּד, Je 31:9 ( תחנוניםcf. 3:21 ),
9:10 ; 31:15 ( ) נהי, cf. משׁה בכי אבלDt 34:8 & Di ad loc.; contrition
(humiliation) Jo 2:12 ( צום, ֵד ) ִמ ְספּ, Is 22:12 ( מספד, קרחה, ) חגור שׂק, cf.
Mal 2:13 ( אנקה, ;) דמעהof bitter weeping Is 22:4 ִי ֲא ָמרֵר ַבּ ֶבּ֑כ, cf. Je 31:15
(& Is 33:7 ); בכי יעזרIs 16:9 Je 48:32 i.e. Ya‛zer in Moab, cf. יעזרn.pr. ; ψ
102:10 ( שׁקוי בב׳ מסכתיcf. 42:4 ; 80:6 & Bab. dîmtu maštîtî , tears ( were )
my drink Zim BP 34, 42 ). Trop., of trickling streams ( ) נהרותin mines—hindrance to
miners Jb 28:11 .
† ָכוּת בn. f. weeping . Only in בָּכוּת אַלּוֹן Gn 35:8 i.e. mourning oak , cf. אלון
, p. 47 .
† [ ִית
ְבּכS 1068 TWOT 243d GK 1143 ] n. f. weeping Gn 50:4 ימי ְבכִיתוֹ, i.e.
the appointed time of mourning for him.
† בֹּכִים S 1066
GK 1141
n.pr.loc. near Pethel, ִים
אל־הַבֹּכJu 2:1 , בֹּכִיםv 5
( cf. v 4 ); 2:1 τὸν Κλαυθμω̂να καὶ ἐμὶ Βαιθηλ ; v 5 Κλαυθμω̂νες i.e. כיִם
ָ ְבּ
( L Κλαυθμών );—on poss. connex. with ָכוּת
בּ אַלּוֹן Gn 35:8 cf. Stu & We
Bab. Babylonian.
We J. Wellhousen, Bleek’s Einleitung in d. A.T. ;
Bleek’s Einl. ed. 4, 183, Comp. Hex. 1889, 215
; but perhaps read ביתאלinstead of בכיםin v 1 ,
RS 20
cf. We Bu .
†[ ָבּכַר S 1069 TWOT 244 GK 1144 ] vb. ( NH ֵר ְבּכּ, Aramaic ַבּכֵּר, ; cf. Arabic
rise early, do anything early; , virgin, woman having her first child; Ethiopic
primogenitus; Assyrian bukru , first-born , Dl § 65, 5 ) — Pi. impf. ֵר יְַבכּEz 47:12 ;
Inf. ִל ַבכֵּר Dt 21:16 ;— 1. bear early, new fruit Ez 47:12 . 2. make or constitute as first-
born Dt 21:16 (den. of ) בכור. Pu. Impf. יְֻבכַּר Lv 27:26 born or made a firstling .
Hiph. Pt. f. ַמ ְבכִּירָה Je 4:31 one bearing her first child .
בְּכוֹר S 1060
TWOT 244a
GK 1147
122 n. m. first-born — Gn 35:23 + 78 times;
בְּכֹר Gn 25:13 + 14 times; sf. בְּכֹרִי Gn 49:3 + 14 times; ְכוֹרוֹ
בּGn 38:6 + 3
times; pl. cstr. בְּכוֹרֵיNe 10:37 + 2 times; בְּכוֹרֵיהֶםψ 136:10 ; also בְּכֹרוֹתGn
4:4 Ne 10:37 ; ְכֹרֹת בּDt 12:6 , 17 ; 14:23 ;— 1. men and women: a. individuals
Gn 25:13 ( P ) 43:33 ; 48:18 ( E ) + . b. coll. Nu 3:46 , 50 ; 8:16 ; 18:15 . c. pl.
Ne 10:37 ψ 135:8 ; 136:10 . d. כל בכורEx 11:5 ; 12:12 , 29 ; 13:2 , 13 , 15 ( ×2
)
; 22:28 ; 34:2 Nu 3:12 ( ×3 ) , 13 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 ; 8:17 ( ×2 ) , 18 ; 33:4 ψ
78:51 ; 105 ; 36 . 2. animals: a. individuals Lv 27:26 Nu 18:17 Dt 15:19 ( ×2 ) ;
33:17 . b. coll. בכור בהמהEx 11:5 ; 12:29 ; 13:15 Nu 3:41 ; 18:15 ; כל הבכור
Dt 15:19 . c. pl. בכרותGn 4:4 Dt 12:6 , 17 ; 14:23 Ne 10:37 . 3. figurative , n.
of relation בכור מותfirst-born of death Jb 18:13 (deadly disease); ִים
בְּכוֹרֵי ַדלּ
first-born of the poor (the poorest) Is 14:30 ; Israel is the first-born of Yahweh
among the nations Ex 4:22 cf. Je 31:9 ; and the seed of David among dynasties ψ
89:28 .
† ֶ ֫בּכֶר S 1071
GK 1146
n.pr. m.( young camel , Arabic , Assyrian bakru Asrb.
) — 1. son of Ephraim
Annals ix. 65
Nu. 26:35 = ֶד
ֶבּר1 Ch 7:20 . 2. son of Benjamin
) ָ ֑בּכ.
Gn 46:21 1 Ch 7:6 , 8 ( ֶר
9:44 .
† בְּכֹרָה S 1062
TWOT 244c
GK 1148
n. f. right of first-born Gn 25:32 , 34 ( J
) Dt 21:17 1 Ch 5:1 , 2 ; sf. בְּכֹ ָרתִי Gn 27:36 (JE); ך
ָ בְּכֹ ָר ְתGn 25:31 ( J );
בְּכֹרָתוֹ Gn 25:33 ; 43:33 ( J ) 1 Ch 5:1 .
† בְּכוֹרַת S 1064
GK 1138
n.pr. m. ( first-born ) Benjamite 1 S 9:1 .
† בִּכּוּרִים S 1061
TWOT 244e
GK 1137
n. m. first-fruits — Lv 2:14 ; 23:17 Nu
28:26 ( P ) 2 K 4:42 Na 3:12 Ne 13:31 ; ִים ִבּ ֻכּרLv 23:20 ( P ); cstr. בִּכּוּרֵיEx
23:16 , 19 ( E ) 34:22 , 26 ( J ) Nu 13:20 ( E ) 18:13 ( P ) Ne 10:36 ( ×2 ) Ez
44:30 ; sf. ך
ָ בִּכּוּרֶיLv 2:14 ;—the first of grain and fruit that ripened and was
gathered and offered to god according to the ritual; ִים
ַהבִּכּוּר ֶלחֶםbread made of the
new grain offered at Pentecost Lv 23:20 ; הבכורים יוםday of the first-fruits
(Pentecost) Nu 28:26 .
בֵּל S 1078
TWOT 262c
GK 1155
, ַר
ְאשׁצּ
ַ ֵבּלS 1112 , 1113
GK 1157
v. sub בעל, p.
128 .
†[ ָבּלַגS 1082
TWOT 245
GK 1158
] vb. gleam, smile ( Arabic ) —only Hiph.
Impf. 1 s. c. ְ וsubord. וְאַ ְב ִ ֫ליגָה Jb 9:27 + 2 times; Pt. ַמ ְבלִיג Am 5:9 ;— 1. shew a
smile, look cheerful ψ 39:14 Jb 9:27 ; 10:20 . 2. cause to burst or flash המב׳ שֹׁד
על־ ָע֑ז Am 5:9 ( cf. Ew St ).
† ָה
ִבּ ְלגּS 1083 GK 1159 n.pr. m. ( cheerfulness ) — 1. priest of 15th course
(David’s time) 1 Ch 24:14 . 2. priest that went up with Zerubbabel Ne 12:5 , 18 .
† [ ִית
ַמ ְבלִיגS 4010
TWOT 245a
GK 4443
] n. f. smiling, cheerfulness, source of
brightening — ֵי יָגוֹן
ַמ ְבלִיגִיתִי ֲעלJe 8:18 a source of brightening to me in sorrow;
but text dub. cf. VB Che .
Hbr Hebraica.
יְִבלֶה Jb 13:28 etc.; Inf. c. sf. בְּלֹתִיGn 18:12 ;— wear out ( intr. ), especially of
garments Dt 8:4 ; 29:4 ( ×2 )
, all c. ַל
ֵמעpregn. wear out (and fall) from upon … (hence
Ne 9:21 ), Jos 9:13 ; fig. of the heavens (with sim. of garment) Is 50:9 ψ 102:27
ַכּ ֶבּגֶד יִבְלוּ, the earth Is 51:6 ; ַכּ ֶבּגֶד ִתּ ְבלֶהthe bones (through suffering) ψ 32:3 ;
afflicted man Jb 13:28 ;) ֲאכָלוֹ עָשׁ ְכּ ֶבגֶד || ( וְהוּא ְכ ָרקָד יְִבלֶהof an aged and decrepit
woman Gn 18:12 ( J ) ִי אַ ֲחרֵי בְלֹתafter I am worn out . Pi. caus. of Qal. a. wear out (
trans. ), fig. La 3:4 ִי
ְשׂר
ָ וְעוֹרִי ִבּלָּה ב, ψ 49:15 and their form ְלבַלּוֹת ְשׁאוֹלis for
She’ôl to consume away (others read ְלוֹת ִלבis for wasting away [ Dr § 204 ], connecting
שׁ׳with foll.), 1 Ch 17:9 ְלבַלֹּתוֹto wear it (Isr.) out (altered from ְלעַנּוֹתוֹ2 S 7:10 ),
cf. Dn 7:25 Aramaic b. wear out by use, use to the full , Is 65:22 and the work of their
hands ַלּוּ
יְבthey shall use to the full, enjoy , Jb 21:13 they wear out their days in
prosperity ( Qr here ַלּוּ
יְכcomplete , which perhaps is the true reading in both passages;
cf. Ex 5:13 Jb 36:11 ).—On ִי
ַבּ́לּוֹתψ 92:11 , v. sub ָבּלַל.
† [ ֶה
ָבּלS 1087
TWOT 246a
GK 1165
adj. worn out ; f. ָבּלֶה Ez 23:43 (of a
woman, cf. Gn 18:12 supr. ); pl. ָבּלִים Jos 9:4 (sacks), v 4 (wine-skins), ָלוֹת
בּ
v 5 (sandals), v 5 (garments).
† [ ְלוֹא
בּS 1094
TWOT 246b
GK 1170
] n. [ m. ] worn out things, rags ( Syriac
id. ) pl. cstr. ֵבְּלֹוי Je 38:11 ( ×2 )
, ֵי
בְּלוֹאv 12 .
† [ ִית
ַתּ ְבלS 8399
TWOT 246c
GK 9318
] n. f. destruction : c. sf. Is 10:25
וְאַפִּי עַל־ ַתּ ְבלִיתָםand mine anger for their destruction .
בַּלּ69 adv. not ( Ph. id. ; e.g. CIS לכהן בל יכןshall not be for the priest; 3,
i. 165, 15
3
= בל עתי before my time ) a poet. syn. of לֹא, of comparatively rare occurrence,
Ho 7:2 ; 9:16 ( Qr ) Is 14:21 ; 35:9 ; 43:17 Pr 9:13 ; 14:7 ; 19:23 ; 22:29 ; 23:7
, 35 ( ×2 ) 24:23 1 Ch 16:30 ( = ψ 96:10 ), only besides, except in the passages
cited, in other Psalms: often repeated in the same context, as Is 26:10 ( ×2 ) , 11 , 14 (
×2 )
, 18 ( ×2 ) ; 33:20 ( ×2 ) , 21 , 23 ( ×2 ) , 24 ; 44:8 , 9 ( ×3 ) ψ 10:4 , 6 , 11 , 15 ,
18 ; 16:2 , 4 ( ×2 ) , 8 ; 17:3 ( ×2 ) , 5 ; 21:3 , 8 , 12 ; also used often with ֶמּוֹט א,
יִמּוֹט, תִּמּוֹט ψ 10:6 ; 16:8 ; 21:8 ; 30:7 ; 46:6 ; 93:1 ; 96:10 ; 104:5 Pr 10:30 ;
12:3 Jb 41:15 . In Is 40:24 it is prob. that it acquires from the context the sense of
hardly: yea, hardly are they planted, yea, hardly are they sown …, when he even
bloweth upon them, and they wither; cf. לֹא2 K 20:4 . Joined anomalously with an
intr. intransitive.
caus. causative.
infin. , ψ 32:9 ך
ָ קְרוֹב ֵאלֶי ( בַּלelse) there is not coming nigh thee (i.e. else they
will not approach thee).
† ְבּלִי S 1097
TWOT 246e
GK 1172
subst. wearing out ( , wearing out of a
garment), hence 1. fig. destruction Is 38:17 ַשׁחַת ְבּלִיpit of destruction (of She’ôl).
2. defect, failure , hence adv. of negation ( cf. ֶס ) ֶאפ, chiefly poet. for לֹא, — אֵין
a. with finite vb. rare and only once in prose, Gn 31:20 ( E ) ִי ִהגִּידּ לוֹ עַל־ ְבּל
because he told him not, Is 14:6 ; 32:10 Ho 8:7 ; 9:16 ( Kt ) Jb 41:18 . b. used to
negative an adj. or ptcp. 2 S 1:21 ח ַ ָשׁי
ִ ְבּלִי מnot anointed, ψ 19:4 Ho 7:8 : more
freq., especially in Job, joined with a subst. in sense of without , Jb 8:11 will the
reed-grass grow מ֑יִםָ ְבּלִי־without water? 24:10 they go about naked ְבּ ִלי לְבוּשׁ
without clothing, 31:39 ; 33:9 ; 34:6 ; 38:2 words ַת
ְבּלִי־ ַדעwithout knowledge,
39:16 ; 42:3 ψ 59:5 ְבּלִי־עָוֹן יְרוּצוּןwithout (my) iniquity they run (against me),
cf. v 4 לֹא, 63:2 a dry land מ֑יִם
ָ ְבּ ִליwithout water, Is 28:8 ; Jb 30:8 ְבּנֵי
ִי־שׁם
ֵ ְבלchildren of (men of) no name.
With preps. a. † ִי ִבּ ְבל, in ִבּ ְבלִי ַדעַתDt 4:42 ; 19:4 Jos 20:3 , 5 D ( =
unawares: all in D’s law of homicide); without knowledge Jb 35:16 ; 36:12 . b. †
ִל ְבלִיin a state of ( v. sub ) ְלno …, i.e. without , Is 5:14 ִל ְבלִי־חֹקregardless of,
without measure, Jb 38:41 ; 41:25 that is made ָֽת
( ִל ְבלִי־חto be) in a state of no
( ִמ ְבּלִיα ) from want of , followed by a subst. or
fear, i.e. to be fear less . c. †
infin. , ִן
מexpressing causation , Dt 9:28 ִמ ְבּלִי יְכֹלֶת י׳on account of Jehovah’s
not being able … (in Nu 14:16 ִי ) ִמ ִבּ ְלתּ, 28:25 ( Ew 238 d ; but also RS JPh. xvi.72 ),
Is 5:13 unawares ( = suddenly); Ho 4:6 Ez 34:5 La 1:4 ֵד ִמ ְבּלִי ָבּאֵי מוֹעfor lack
of comers to the stated feast. Followed by a pleon. ֵין אin the phrase … ֲה ִמ ְבּלִי אֵיןis
it on account of there being no …? (lit. is it from the deficiency of no …? cf. in
Syriac; PS 528 ), Ex 14:11 2 K 1:3 , 6 , 16 . ( β ) so that there is no … (lit. away
from there being no …, ִן מexpressing negation , and ְבּלִיbeing pleon., as in ֵמאֵין, v.
sub אַיִן6 d β ); Je 2:15 its cities are burnt יוֹשׁב
ֵ ִמ ְבּלִיso that there is no inhabitant,
9:9–11 Ez 14:15 Zp 3:6 . Once as a conj. ֲשׁר
ֶ ִמ ְבּלִי א, with pleon. לֹא, so that
not … Ec 3:11 . In Job ִי ִמ ְבּלis used more freely = without , the connexion with a
preceding verb being no longer distinctly felt: 4:20 without any heeding, they perish
for ever, 6:6 ; 24:7 , 8 ; prob. also 4:11 ; 31:19 (though here the sense) ( α ) would
be admissible). ( γ ) in Jb 18:15 ִי־לוֹ ִשׁכּוֹן בְּאָהֳלוֹ ִמ ְבּל
ְ תּ, מִןis prob. partitive (so
Hi ): there shall dwell in his tent what is naught of his: Ew § 323 a De less probably
RS W. Robertson Smith.
JPh. Journal of Philology (Engl.).
even naught , cf. sub אַיִן6 d γ ; Ges ‘t error (supplied from v 14 ) shall dwell in
his tent so that it is no more his.’ d. † עַר־ ְבּלִיּtill there be no … ψ 72:7 Mal 3:10 .
† ְבּלִימָה S 1099
TWOT 246f
GK 1174
n. [ m. ] nothingness ( from ִי
מָה & ְבּל,
lit. not-aught ) Jb 26:7 who hangeth the earth on ְ׳
בּ.
Inscr. inscription(s);
עַד־ ִבּ ְלמִּיuntil not …, sq. perf. ( Ges § 164 d ; RS JPh. xvi. 72 ), or an inf. ( Ew § 238 d
), in the phrase ( ֶם ִשׁאִיר־לוֹ ) ָלה
ְ ָשׂרִיד עַד־ ִבּ ְלתִּי הuntil one left him (them) not a
remnant, Nu 21:35 Dt 3:3 Jos 8:22 ; 10:33 ; 11:8 2 K 10:11 .— Jb 14:12
עַד־ ִבּ ְלתִּי ָשׁ ַמיִםtill there be no heaven ( cf. עַד־ ְבּלִיּψ 72:7 ).
†[ ָבּלַהּS 1089
TWOT 247
GK 1164
] vb. be troubled ( Aramaic cf. Arabic be
weak in intellect; v. also — ) בהלonly Pi. . Pt. ְמ ַב ֲלהִים אותם ִלבְנוֹת Kt ( Qr
ְמ ַב ֲהלִיםneedless) Ezr 4:4 troubled them in building .
† I. ָה
ִבּ ְלהS 1090 GK 1167 , 1168 n.pr. f. ( etym. dub. ) handmaid of Rachel,
concubine of Jacob Gn 29:29 ; 30:3 , 4 , 5 , 7 ; 35:22 , 25 (sons Dan & Naphtali)
37:2 (prob. gloss, Ol ) 46:25 1 Ch 7:13 .
† II. ָה
בִּלהn.pr.loc. a city of Simeon 1 Ch 4:29 , prob. = ַבּ ֲעלָה Jos 15:29 , ָה
ָבּל
19:3 cf. Di ; site dub.
בְּלוֹא S 1094
TWOT 246b
GK 1170
v. sub בלה.
† ְשׁאצַּר
ַ ֵבּ ְלט S 1095 , 1096
GK 1171
n.pr. m. Dn 1:7 , ַ֑ר
ְאשׁצּ
ַ ֵבּ ְלטDn 10:1 (
prob. = Bab. balâṭsu-uṣur , protect his life! COT Dn 1:7 Dl in BD ; Dn. p. ix
Hoffm ZA 1887, 56
conj. בלט שׁ[ר] אצרBalaṭ ( = god Saturn?) protect the king! —
Dn 4:5 conn. with Bel , but name then inexplicable ) , name given to Daniel by Neb
.
† I. ָבּלַלS 1101
TWOT 248 , 248b
GK 1176 , 1177
vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound (
Arabic moisten (with water), cf. moisture , Assyrian balâlu , Dl Pr 70
בלל
; cf. Ph.
name of a sacrifice, & NH ; ִבּ ְלבֵּלAramaic — ) ַבּ ְלבֵּלQal Pf. ָבּלַלGn 11:9 , ַבּ́לֹּ֗תִי
ψ 92:11 (but cf. infr. ); Impf. 1 pl. ָה נָבֹ֫לָּה = נָֽ ְבלGn 11:7 , cf. Kö i . 325 ; Pt.
pass. ָלוּל
בּEx 29:40 + 3 times, בְּלוּלָהLv 2:5 + 28 times, בְּלוּלֹתEx 29:2 + 4
times;— 1. mingle, confuse ( obj. ָה = ָשׂפspeech, language, q.v. ) Gn 11:7 , 9 ( J ). 2.
mix (cakes or flour, etc. always with oil) sacrificial techn. term, only P , cf. Di on Lv
2:4 ; usually as מנחה, ֵן ַשּׁט
ֶ סֹלֶת בּ׳ בּEx 29:40 Lv 2:5 ; 14:10 , 21 ; 23:13 Nu 7:13
, 19 , 25 , 31 , 37 , 43 , 49 , 55 , 61 , 67 , 73 , 79 Nu 8:8 ; 15:4 , 6 , 9 ; 28:5 , 9 ,
12 ( ×2 ) , 13 , 20 , 28 ; 29:3 , 9 , 14 , מנחה ב׳ בשׁ׳Lv 7:10 ( opp. ָה ) ֲח ֵרב9:4 ,
חַלּוֹת מַצוֹת ב׳ בשׁ׳Ex 29:2 Lv 7:12 ( ×2 ) , i.e. made by mixing with oil; חלות מצות
ב׳ בשׁ׳ סלתLv 2:4 , סלת חלות ב׳ בשׁ׳Nu 6:15 , i.e. fine flour (in the form) of cakes
so made. ענָן
ֲ ְשׁ ֶמן ַר
ֶ ַבּ́לֹּתִֹי בּψ 92:11 I shall be ( am ) anointed with fresh oil AV RV
; vb. not elsewhere in this sense; B Hup Che read בְּלֹתִיfrom בלה, inf. cstr.
sf. , abstr. for concrete, my wasting = my wasting strength , of declining age; Israel
under figure of old man; this however is not favoured by context. The passage is
therefore doubtful. Hithpo. Impf. לל ֑ ָ יִתְכּוֹHo 7:8 ; אפרים בעמים הוא י׳Ephraim,
among the peoples doth he mix himself; but Ew Now derive here from = בלל ( בלהor
) נבלwaste away , cf. Hiph. Hiph. Impf. וַנָּ֫בֶלIs 64:5 and we faded away , but read
perhaps וַנִּבֹּלfrom נבלcf. Di ( De , less probably, derives from — בללcf. Ew
Now Ho 7:8 —or ) נבל = בול.
† ְבּלִיל S 1098
TWOT 248a
GK 1173
n. m. Is 30:24 fodder ( Aramaic ; cf.
Arabic moisture of fresh pasture ) — ִיל ְבּלIs 30:24 ; sf. ְבּלִילוֹJb 6:5 ; 24:6 —
fodder (strictly, mixed fodder, farrago ) Jb 6:5 ; as growing in field 24:6 cf. Is
30:24 .
† II. [ ַל
ָבּלS 1101
TWOT 248 , 248b
GK 1176 , 1177
] vb. denom. to give provender —
Qal Impf. וַיָּ֑בָל Ju 19:21 Qr ( Kt ) ויבול sq. ְלgive provender to the asses.
† ַשׁבְּלוּל S 7642
TWOT 248c
GK 8671
n. m. snail ( Shaph. form, causing
moisture , from notion of moisture or fluid in —; ) בללname due to slimy trail ψ
58:9 , ְלוּל
ַשׁבּ ֶתּטֶס יַהֲלֹ ְך.
† ֶ ֫תּבֶל S 8397
TWOT 248d
GK 9316
n. [ m. ] confusion , violation of nature, or
the divine order— Lv 18:23 ; 20:12 ( H ) cf. Di on 18:15 .
†[ ָבּלַםS 1102
TWOT 249
GK 1178
] vb. curb, hold in ( NH id. , Aramaic ַם
ְבל, )
— Qal Inf. ִלבְלוֹם ψ 32:9 , cf. Che .
† [ ַס
ָבּלS 1103
TWOT 250
GK 1179
] vb. denom. gather figs , tend figtrees,
sycamores ( κν́ζων , B vellicans , prob. properly to nip the sycamore fruit to fit
it for eating, v. Tristr Nat. Hist. Bib. 399 Bö ii. cap. 39, p. 383 f. ; Theodoret ap. Fi Hexapl. ad. loc.
Theophrast iv. 2 ) — Qal Pt. ֵס בּוֹל, Am 7:14 בּ׳ ִשׁ ְקמִים.
† ָבּלַעS 1104
TWOT 251 , 251c
GK 1180 , 1181 , 1182
vb. swallow down, swallow up,
engulf (idea of quickness, suddenness) ( NH id. , Arabic swallow , Ethiopic eat ,
Aramaic ַע
; ְבּלAssyrian belû , Pi. destroy Zim ) — Qal Pf. ָבּלַעJb 20:15 , sf.
BP 27
ְבּ ָל ַענִיJe 51:34 ( Qr , cf. Kt נוּ- ); 3 fs. ָה בָּֽ ְלעNu 16:30 ; 3 pl. sf. ְבּלָעוּנוּ
ψ 124:3 ; Impf. ל֑ע ָ יְִבJb 20:18 , וַיִּ ְבלַעEx 7:12 , sf. יְִב ָל ֶענָּהIs 28:4 ; 3 fs. וַ ִתּ ְבלַע
Nu 16:32 + 2 times; sf. ענִי ֵ ִתּ ְב ָלψ 69:16 , ִתּ ְב ָלעֵנוּNu 16:34 , וַ ִתּ ְב ָלעֵםDt 11:6 ,
ִתּ ְב ָלעֵמוֹEx 15:12 ; 3 mpl. sf. יְִב ָלעֻהוּHo 8:7 ; 3 fpl. וַ ִתּ ְב ַל ְענָהGn 41:7 , ָוַ ִתּ ְב ַל ְען
Gn 41:24 , 1 pl. sf. ֵם נִ ְב ָלעPr 1:12 ; Inf. ִלבְלֹ ַעJon 2:1 ; sf. ִבּ ְלעִיJb 7:19 ;— 1.
Ba J. Barth.
indef. indefinite.
† II. ֶ ֫בּלַע S 1105 , 1106
TWOT 251a
GK 1183 , 1185 , 1186
n.pr. m. 1. ַע
ֶבּלGn 36:32 =
ָ ֑בּלGn 36:33 = 1 Ch 1:44 a king of Edom, בעור
1 Ch 1:43 ; ַע ( ב׳ בןcf. ִבּ ְלעֶם
& Di Gn 36:32 ). 2. ַע
ֶבּל1st son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 Nu 26:38 , 40 1 Ch 7:6 ,
) ָ ֑בּל. 3. ֶבּלַעa Reubenite 1 Ch 5:8 .
7 ; 8:1 , 3 ( ַע
293
בלע+ ; םNbr Stud. Bib. i, 226 proposes בל
= = בעל+ (god) ) עם, son of בְּעוֹר,
prophet from ְתוֹר
( פּq.v. ):— Nu 22:5 , 7 , 8 , 9 + 47 times Nu 22–24 (all JE)
D
31:8 , 16 ( P ) Dt 23:5 , 6 ( D ) ( cf. R Jos 13:22 ) Jos 24:9 , 10 ( E ) Mi 6:5
Ne 13:2 .
†[ ָבּלַקS 1110
TWOT 252
GK 1191
] vb. waste, lay waste ( Assyrian balâḳu , Pi.
destroy , Lyon Sargon 61
; cf. Arabic a desert ) — Po. Pt. without מ, sf. בּוֹ ְלקָהּ Is 24:1
( || ֵק
בּוֹק, subj. י׳, obj. —;) הארץon form (which might also be Qal Pt. ) cf. Ol § 254
Lag GN 1882, 403
; also בקקPo. Je 51:2 , and intensive use of Inf. abs. Niph. Is 24:3 ;
further Pu. (i.e. intens.) Pt. Na 2:11 (this however perhaps largely influenced by
assonance). Pu. Pt. ק֑ה ָ ְמ ֻב ָלּNa 2:11 ( ) בּוּקָה וּמְבוּקָה ומב׳, devastated , or as subst.
a devastated city .
Nbr A. Neubauer.
Stud. Bib. Studia Bilica.
R Redactor, Deuteronomic redactor.
ְשׁאצַּר
ַ ֵבּל, ְאשׁצַּר
ַ ֵבּל S 1112 , 1113
GK 1157
v. ֵבּלsub בעל.
† ְשׁן
ָ ִבּל S 1114
GK 1193
n.pr. m. ( = inquirer ? NH & Aramaic ; בלשׁcf. sub
) בןan Israelite who returned with Zerubbabel Ezr 2:2 = Ne 7:7 .
ֵ ֫בּלS
[ ֶת 1115
TWOT 246i
GK 1194
], ִי
ִבּ ְלתּS 1115
TWOT 246i
GK 1194
v. sub
בלה.
† בָּמוֹת S 1120
GK 1199
n.pr.loc. ( high place or great high place ) place in Moab
Nu 21:19 , 20 = בָּמוֹת ַבּעַל Nu 22:41 Jos 13:17 possibly on Mt. ‘Aṭṭarûs cf. Di
.
† ָל
ִבּ ְמהS 1118 GK 1197 n.pr. m. ( = בֶּן־ם׳son of circumcision ? cf. sub ) בן
descendant of Asher 1 Ch 7:33 .
בְּמוֹ S 1119
TWOT 193
GK 1198
v. sub בּ, p. 91 .
9, 1. 57
; especially in bin-bin , grandson COT Gloss.
, cf. Dl infr. ; Aramaic ַר
בּ, , pl.
ְבּנִין, ;
cf. Palm. , especially Vog ; possibly orig. connected with בנה
No. 21. 31. 36 a al.
Pr 104
build , so Thes , cf. Assyrian bânu , begetter ( Dl & cf. Ba ZMG 1887, 638 ff. ); but
all traces of this √ lost in Heb. form; √ perhaps orig. bilit. ( ִן
בּ, בַּן ) בֵּןv. Sta § 183 )
— abs. בּ׳Gn 4:25 + ; ֵֽן־ בּEz 18:10 ; cstr. בֵּןGn 49:22 ( ×2 ) ; בֶּן־Gn 5:32 + ; בֶּן
Est 2:5 Ne 6:18 , & c. prefix Gn 17:17 Nu 8:25 1 Ch 27:23 2 Ch 25:5 ; 31:16 , 17
; ְנוֹ
בּNu 23:18 ; 24:3 , 15 ; ְבּנִיGn 49:11 ; בִּןDt 25:2 ; בִּן־Ex 33:11 + 32 times (29
times in combination ִן־נוּן
ישׁוע ( בּ, ;) יהושׁע ) הושׁעsf. ְבּנִיGn 21:10 + ; ִבּנְ ָךEx
20:10 + ; ך ָ ֑ ִלבֱנDt 7:3 1 K 11:13 ; ְבּנֵ ְךGn 30:14 + ; בְּנוֹGn 4:17 + ; ְבּנָהּGn 21:10
+ ; pl. בּנִיםָ Gn 3:16 + ; cstr. ְבּנֵיGn 6:2 + ; sf. ָבּנַיGn 31:43 + ; ָבּנֵינָוּJos 22:25
+ ; ֶם
ְבּנֵיכEx 3:22 + , etc.;— 1. son , male child, born of a woman Gn 4:25 ; 16:11 ,
15 ; 17:19 cf. v 16 18:10 , 14 ; 19:37 , 38 + often, cf. טנָהּ ְ בֶּן־ ִבּIs 49:15 ;
begotten by a man Gn 5:4 f. 28 ; 6:10 ; 11:11 f. + often; || ַת ) בָּנוֹת ( בּdaughter Gn
5:4 , 7 , 10 f. Ex 20:10 Dt 5:14 ; 16:11 , 14 1 S 30:3 , 6 Jb 1:2 42:13 + ; of son
as desired Gn 30:2 ( cf. 15:2 ; 16:2 ; 17:17 ; 18:10 f. 1 S 1:5–11 ) 2 K 4:14 , 28 ψ
127:3 + ; rejoiced in Gn 30:6 + ; beloved Ex 21:5 2 S 19:1 , 3 , 5 1 K 3:26 ; cared
for Dt 1:31 ; spared Mal 3:17 ; disciplined & trained Dt 8:5 Pr 3:12 ; 13:24 ; 19:18 ;
29:17 ; owing reverence, obedience, etc. to parents Pr 6:20 ; 10:1 ; 13:1 ; ך
ָ ִבּנְ ָך בְּכוֹ ְר
thy first-born son Gn 27:32 ; ְכֹר
ַהבּ ַהבֵּןDt 21:15 cf. 1 S 8:2 ; ַהגָּדֹל ְבּנָהּher elder
son Gn 27:15 , 42 ; הגָּדֹל ַ בְּנוֹ27:1 ; ַה ָקּטָן ְבּנָהּher younger son Gn 27:15 , 42 . In
partic. a. ִמּוֹ
בֶּן־אson of his mother , i.e. own (uterine) brother Gn 43:29 , cf. 27:29 Ju
8:19 ψ 50:20 ; 69:9 , & v. ֵם ְבּנֵי אָבִי ָך ; אson of thy father = brethren Gn 49:8
(poet.) † b. ֶן = ְבּנֵי דֹדֵיהcousins Nu 36:11 . c. ְבּנִיmy son , as term of kindliness of
endearment, used by Eli to Samuel 1 S 3:6 , 16 cf. 4:16 ; 24:17 ; 26:17 , 21 , 25 , v.
also Pr 1:8 , 10 2:1 + ; cf. ך ָ ְ ִבּנ, used by Benhaded of himself to Elisha 2 K 8:9 ; by
Ahaz to Tiglath-pileser 16:7 ; especially to express intimate and gracious relation with
God: י׳calls Israel ִי
ְבּנִי בְכֹרEx 4:22 cf. v 23 Ho 11:1 , v. also ψ 80:16 (but cf.
Che ); ֶם ליהוה אלהיכם ָבּנִים אַתּDt 14:1 ; ֶעלְיוֹן ְבּנֵיψ 82:6 ( || ְבּנֵי אֵל־ ָח֑י ;) אלהים
Ho 2:1 ; cf. further Dt 32:5 ( pl. ) v 20 ( pl. ) Is 1:2 , 4 ; 30:1 , 9 Je 3:14 , 22 ;
4:22 ; 31:20 ; of future Davidic king 2 S 7:14 = 1 Ch 17:13 cf. ψ 2:7 ; expressly
referred to Solomon 1 Ch 22:10 ; 28:6 ; also of children (offered in fire) Ez 16:21 . d.
ְבּנֵי האלהיםapplied to supernatural beings Gn 6:2 , 4 Jb 1:6 ; 2:1 ; ְבּנֵי אלהיםJb
38:7 ; ִים
ֵאל ְבּנֵיψ 29:1 (on which cf. Che ’s note) 89:7 . e. בֶּן־אָדָםson of man , cf.
ְבּנֵי א׳, v. ְבּנֵי אִישׁ † ; אָדָםψ 4:3 & ( || ) בני אדם49:3 ; 62:10 La 3:33 . † f.
בֶּן־ ִבּנְ ָך
= thy grandson Ex 10:2 Dt 6:2 Ju 8:22 cf. Je 27:7 ; also pl. Ex 34:7 Dt
4:9 , 25 Ju 12:14 2 K 17:41 2 Ch 8:40 Jb 42:16 ψ 128:6 Pr 13:22 ; 17:6 Ez
37:25 ; also ֵן בּalone with similar reference Gn 29:5 (Laban son of Nahor); Laban calls
his daughters’ children his own sons Gn 31:28 , 43 cf. 32:1 ; so of Naomi Ru 4:17 ;
ְר ִבעִים ְבּנֵי2 K 10:30 sons of the fourth generation , and, in general, descendants Jos
22:24 , 25 , 27 + ; cf. 2 S 19:25 2 K 9:20 Ez 5:1 . g. constantly, as more precise
designation, added to personal name פנֶּה ְֻ ָכּלֵב בֶּן־יNu 14:30 ; 32:12 ; 34:19 + ; ְהוֹשׁ ַע
ֻ י
בִּן־נוּן Nu 11:28 ; 14:30 ; 32:12 , 28 ; 34:17 + ; ָט
בֶּן־נְב יָ ָר ְבעֶם 1 K 12:2 , 15 + ,
etc.; also without personal name (often with implication of contempt) ִישׁ
בֶּן־קּ1 S 10:11
; ִשׁי
ַ בֶּני1 S 20:27 , 30 , 31 ; 22:7 , 8 , 9 , 13 ; 25:10 2 S 20:1 ; צְרוּיָה ְבּנֵי2 S
16:10 ; ליָהוְּ בֶּן־ ְר ַמIs 7:4 , 5 , 9 ; 8:16 ; בֶּן־טָֽבְאַ֑לIs 7:6 ; cf. also ְבּנֵי ֵלוִיNu 16:7 ,
8 . h. designated as קנִים ֻ ְ בֶּן־זi.e. born in old age of father Gn 37:3 ; opp. ְבּנֵי ַהנְּעוּרִים
sons of one’s youth ψ 127:4 ; also ִי בֶּן־בֵּיתone born in my house Gn 15:3 (i.e. slave) so
ְבּנֵּי ַביִתEc 2:7 . i. in various combinations: ( α ) as expression of contumely, נַ ֲעוַת
ַה ַמּרְדּוּת בֶּן־1 S 20:30 ; בֶּן־ ַה ְמּ ַר ֵצּ ַח ַהוֶּה2 K 6:32 this son of a murderer; cf.
ְבּנֵי־נָבָלJb 30:8 ; ִי־שׁם ֵ ְבּנֵי ְבלib. ; ְבּנֵי עֹנֲנָהIs 57:3 ( || ;) זֶרַע ְמנָאֵףcf. ִשּׁה ָ בֶּן־א
אַ ֶחרֶתJu 11:2 ( cf. v 1 ); ( β ) as term of respect, dignity, בֶּן־חוֹרִיםson of nobles Ec
10:17 (in Aramaic = free born ); ִים בֶּן־ ֲח ָכמIs 19:11 ; בֶּן־ ַמ ְלכֵי־ ֶקדֶםib. ; cf. בֶּן־ ֶמ ֶל ְך
ψ 72:1 ( || ךְ בֶּן־ ֲא ָמ ֶת֑ ָך ;) ֶמ ֶלψ 86:16 in addressing ְבּנֵי־ ֲע ָבדֶי ָך & ) ַע ְב ֶדּ֑ ָך || ( י׳ψ
102:29 ; of noble appearance ך ְ ְבּנֵי ַה ֶמּ ֶלJu 8:18 . j. often pl. with name of ancestor,
people, land, or city, to denote descendants, inhabitants, membership in a nation or
family, etc.: ( α ) e.g. ֶר
ְבּנֵי־ ֵעבGn 10:21 ; ְבּנֵי־חֵתGn 23:3 , 5 , 7 , 10 ( ×2 ) , 11 , 16 ,
18 , 20 ; 25:10 ; 49:32 (all P ); ( ֵי־שׁת
ֵ ) ְבּנNu 24:17 v. sub 8 ); ְבּנֵי־חֲמוֹרGn 33:19
Jos 24:32 ; ֵשׂו
ָע ְבּנֵיGn 36:5 , 15 , 19 Dt 2:4 , 8 , 12 , 22 , 29 ; ְבּנֵי ֵשׂעִירGn
36:20 , 21 ; ִנֹּם בֶּן־ (בני)הJos 15:8 + ( cf. sub ְבּנֵי לוֹט ;) ַגּיְאDt 2:9 , 19 ψ 83:9 ;
( ְבּנֵי־יוֹסֵףlit. Gn 46:27 ; 48:8 1 Ch 5:1 ) Nu 1:32 ; 26:28 , 37 ; 34:23 ; 36:5 ( ַמטֵּה
) ב׳ י׳+ 6 times Jos, cf. ψ 77:16 ; even ַשּׁה ֶ ְבּנֵי ֲחצִי ֵשׁבֶט ְמנ1 Ch 5:23 ; ( ְבּנֵי ָדוִידlit.
2 S 8:18 = 1 Ch 18:17 , 1 Ch 3:1 , 9 ) 2 Ch 13:8 ; 23:3 ; 32:33 ; ָף ְבּנֵי אָס2 Ch
29:13 Ezr 2:41 ; 3:8 + ( v. ָף ְבּנֵי קֹרַד ;) אָסin titles of ψ 42—49 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 88
; especially ( β ) ַמּוֹן ( ְבּנֵי־עstanding designation of people of Ammon) Gn 19:38 + 81
times ( cf. ַמּוֹן & עNö ZMG 1886, 171 Dr Sm 66 ); ( ְבּנֵי יַעֲקֹבlit. Gn 34:7 , 13 , 25 , 27 ;
35:5 , 22 , 26 ; 49:2 ) 2 K 17:34 ψ 105:6 Mal 3:6 cf. ψ 77:16 ; & chiefly ( γ ) בּנֵי ְ
ִשׂ ָראֵל
ְ ( יlit.
Gn 42:5 ; 45:21 ; 46:5 Ex 1:1 ) Ex 1:7 + 613 times, incl. Hex 427 (of
which 328 P , 49 E , 25 J , 25 D ), Ju 61 , SK Ch 73 (23 in ref. to ancient history, 10
in opp. to Judah); so also Vrss & var. sometimes for ֵית יִשׂ׳
בּ, e.g. Jos 21:43 + v.
Di , Ez 3:1 + v. Co ; also the reverse Ez 2:3 al. ; note especially ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ בּ׳ י עַם Ex
1:9 ; ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ַעמִּי בּ׳ יEx 3:10 ; 7:4 ; ִשׂ ָראֵל
ְ ֲעדַת ְבּנֵי יEx 16:1 , 2 , 9 , 10 ; 17:1 Lv
16:5 ; 19:2 Nu 1:2 , 53 ; 8:9 , 20 ; 13:26 ; 15:25 , 26 17:6 ; 19:9 ; 25:6 ; 26:2 ;
31:12 (all P ); דֹּרוֹת ב׳ יִשׂ׳Ju 3:2 ; ָם כָּל־ב׳ יִשׂ׳ וְכָל־ ָהע20:26 ; ב׳ יִשׂ׳ וּ ְבנֵי ַה ֵלּוִי
Ne 10:40 ; also ( δ ) בּנֵי יְהוּדָה
ְ (lit. Gn 46:12 ; 26:19 1 Ch 2:3 , 10 ; 4:1 ) Nu 1:26 +
18 times Nu Jos, Ju 1:8 , 9 , 16 (so read also v 21 ( ×2 ) cf. Jos 15:53 & v. sub
) בנימן2 S 1:18 1 Ch 4:27 + 8 times Chr, Je 7:30 + 4 times Je; Ho 2:2 Jo 4:6 , 8 ,
19 Ob 12 (not in K , of Judah or of any other tribe, except לוִי
ֵ ְבּנֵי 1 K 12:31 ) incl.
ַמטֵּה ְבּנֵי יְהוּדָה Jos 15:1 , 20 , 21 ; 21:1 1 Ch 6:50 ; for usage with other tribes of Isr.,
v. the articles;—but note ( ε ) † לוִי ֵ ( ְבּנֵיlit. Gn 46:11 Ex 6:16 Nu 3:17 1 Ch 5:27 ;
6:1 cf. 23:6 ) Ex 32:28 Nu 3:15 ; 16:7 , 8 ; 18:21 Jos 21:10 (as including sons of
Aaron etc.); לוִי
ֵ כָּל־ ְבּנֵיEx 32:26 ; כָּל־אַחֶי ָך ב׳ ל׳Nu 16:10 ; הַכֹּ ֲהנִים ב׳ ל׳Dt 21:5
; 31:9 cf. 1 K 12:31 & Mal 3:3 ; 1 Ch 23:24 , 27 ; 24:20 Ezr 8:15 (distinguished
from priests) Ne 12:23 Ez 40:46 (including ָדוֹק ְבּנֵי צthe priests); also ַמחֲנוֹת ב׳ ל׳1
Ch 9:18 ; לּוִי
ֵ ַה ְבּנֵי1 Ch 12:27 Ne 10:40 ; ְבּנֵי ַה ְלּוִיִּם1 Ch 15:15 ; 24:30 ( cf. also
( ;) ֵלוִיζ ) ( ְבּנֵי אַהֲרֹןlit. Ex 28:1 , 40 1 Ch 5:29 ; 24:1 ; often Aaron and his sons lit.
Ex 27:21 ; 28:1 , 4 + ) Lv 3:5 , 8 , 13 ; 6:7 , 11 ; 7:10 , 33 Jos 21:10 1 Ch 6:35 ,
39 , 42 ; 15:4 ( + Levites) 24:1 , 31 Ne 12:47 ; also הנִיםֲ ֹ ְבּנֵי א׳ הַכּLv 1:5 , 8 , 11
; 2:2 ; 3:2 Nu 3:3 ; 10:8 & Jos 21:19 2 Ch 31:19 cf. 26:18 ; 29:21 ; 35:14 ( ×2 ) ;
ְבּנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵןLv 1:7 Jos 21:4 (as subdivision of Levites) v 13 cf. Lv 7:34 ;
וְ ַה ְלּוִיִּם אֶת־כֹּ ֲהנֵי יהוה אֶת־ ְבּנֵי אַהֲרֹן2 Ch 13:9 cf. v 10 ; once in sing. הַכֹּהֵן
בֶּן־אַהֲרֹןNe 10:39 ; v. also sub ( ; אַהֲרֹןη ) † ְבּנֵי צָדוֹקEz 40:26 , 44:15 הכהנים
; הלוים בני צדוק48:11 ( מבני צדוק הכהנים ַהמְֿ ֻקדָּשׁ Sm Co join מof מבני
to preceding word, making pl. ); ( θ ) בּנֵי ְ with names of peoples, lands, and cities, ְבּנֵי
ֻשׁיִּים
ִ כAm 9:7 ; ְבּנֵי ִמ ְצ ַריִםEz 16:26 ; ְבּנֵי אַשּׂוּרEz 16:28 ; 23:7 , 9 , 12 , 23 ; ב׳
ֶארֶץ ַה ְבּרִיתEz 30:5 ( Co del. ב׳ ָבּבֶל ;) ארץEz 23:15 , 17 , 23 ; ְרוּשׁ ַל ִם ָ ב׳ יJo
4:6 ; ִיּוֹן ב׳ צJo 2:23 La 4:2 ψ 149:2 ( cf. Zc 9:13 ). Vid. further ( ι ) ְבּנֵי ַע ֶמּ֑ ָךLv
19:18 cf. 20:17 Nu 22:5 Ju 14:16 , 17 Ez 3:11 ; 33:2 , 12 , 17 , 30 ; 37:18 Dn
12:1 ; ך
ָ ְבּנֵי ָפּרִיצֵי ַע ֶמּDn 11:14 ; ( κ ) ֶקבֶר ְבּנֵי ָהעָם2 K 23:6 2 Ch 35:5 , 7 , 12 ;
ִק ְברֵי ְבנֵי ָהעָם Je 26:23 ; ( λ ) קדֶם
ֶ ְבּנֵי־Gn 29:1 Ju 7:12 ; 8:10 1 K 5:10 Jb 1:3 Is
11:14 Je 49:28 Ez 25:4 , 10 ; † ( μ ) ִינָה
ַה ְמּד ְבּנֵי Ezr 2:1 = Ne 7:6 ; ( ν ) of bulls,
SK Studien u. Kritiken .
K E. Kautzsch (in B. Aram. Appendix).
ָשׁן
ָ ְבּנֵי ב Dt 32:14 (song) cf. Klo SK 1872, 254
Di . 2. children (male and female) Gn
3:16 ; 21:7 Ex 21:5 ; 22:23 ; hence ִים
ַהזְּ ָכר ַשּׁה
ֶ ְבּנֵי ְמנ Jos 17:2 male children , בֵּן
זָכָר Je 20:15 . 3. youth, young men ( pl. ) Pr 7:7 Ct 2:3 . 4. the young of animals Lv
22:28 ( שׂה
ֶ ) שׁוֹר אוֹ cf. Dt 22:6 , 7 1 S 6:7 , 10 Zc 9:9 Jb 4:11 ; 28:8 ; 39:4 , 16
;— ָר
בֶּן־ ָבּקetc. v. sub 7 b infr. 5. of plant-shoots פֹּרָת בֵּן Gn 49:22 ( ×2 )
; also ֵן
בּψ
80:16 ? ( || כּנָּה
ַ ; see Che trans. & crit. n. ) 6. fig. of lifeless things, ֶשׁף
ֶר ְבּנֵיsparks
Jb 5:7 ; stars עיִשׁ ַ עַל־ ָבּנֶי ָהJb 38:32 ; arrows בֶּן־ ָק֑ ֶשׁתJb 41:2 ; אַשׁפָּתוֹ ְבּנֵי
ְ ) La 3:13
; cf. רנִי
ְ בֶּן־ָגּi.e. corn of my threshing-floor Is 21:10 . 7. a. member of a guild, order or
class, † ִים ְבּנֵי ַהנְּבִיאi.e. those belonging to the prophetic order 1 K 20:35 2 K 2:3 , 5
, 7 , 15 ; 4:1 , 38 ( ×2 ) ; 5:22 ; 6:1 ; 9:1 ( Hoffm RS Proph. 85. 388, K 15 f. ; Zehnpfund
BAS i.355
comp. Assyrian mâr šipri ( šiprâtum ), son of a messenger = messenger , and
explains from the son’s succeeding to father’s calling) & ִיא
בֶּן־נָבAm 7:14 ; prob. also
† ְבּנֵי הַכֹּ ֲהנִים1 Ch 9:30 Ezr 2:61 ; 10:18 ; † ְבּנֵי הַשֹּׁ ֲערִיםEzr 2:42 ; cf. ְבּנֵי
ַהגְּדוּד2 Ch 25:13 men of the troop , v. Palm. בני שירתאmen of the caravan Vog
No. 4 al.
; also ָה = ְבּנֵי הַגּוֹלexiles † Ezr 4:1 ; 6:19 , 20 ; 8:35 ; 10:7 , 16 ; ָה ַר ָקּחִים
בֶּן־Ne 3:8 ; further, in = בֶּן־נֵכָרforeigner (only P , poet., & late) † Gn 17:12 , 27
Ex 12:43 Lv 22:25 Ez 44:9 ( ×2 ) ; ַןּ׳ † ב׳־הIs 56:3 ; † ְבּנֵיִ־נֵכָר2 S 22:45 , 46 =
ψ 18:45 , 46 Ne 9:2 Is 60:10 ; 61:5 ; 62:8 Ez 44:7 ψ 144:7 , 11 , ַןּ׳ ְבּנֵי־הIs 56:6
; also ֶם ַתּוֹשׁבִים ַהגָּרִים ִע ָמּכ
ָ ְבּנֵי הLv 25:45 . b. of animals, בֶּן־ ָב ָקרson of ( the ) herd ,
i.e. young one of the herd, ָר ָבּקָר וּ ְבנֵי ָבק1 S 14:32 cf. ֵעגֶל בֶּן־ ָבּקָרLv 9:2 ( P )
then, in general, one of the herd: fit for food Gn 18:7 , 8 ( J ), for sacrifice Nu 15:8 ( P
); ַבּ׳
בן הLv 12:6 Nu 15:9 ( P ); especially בֶּן־ ָבּקָר פַּרEx 29:1 Lv 4:3 , 14 ; 16:3 ;
23:18 Nu 7:15 + 16 times Nu (all P ) + 2 Ch 13:9 Ez 43:19 , 23 , 25 ; 45:18 ; 46:6 ;
ְבּנֵי ָבּקָר ָפּרִיםNu 28:11 , 19 , 27 ; 29:13 , 17 ( P ); also ְבּנִי אֲתֹנוֹGn 49:11
(poem, J ; || ִירֹה
ְבּנֵי־צֹאן ;) עψ 114:4 , 6 ; בֶּן־ ְר ֵאמִיםψ 29:6 ; ָה ַר ָמּכִים ְבּנֵי Est
8:10 ; הּ)יּוֹנָה
ַ ( ְבּנֵיLv 1:14 + 7 times Lv + Nu 6:10 cf. ֶבּן־יוֹנָה Lv 12:6 (all P );
֑נָ ֶשׁר ְבּנֵי־ Pr 30:17 ; ֵב
עֹר ְבּנֵי ψ 147:9 . 8. ב׳as n. relat. followed by word of quality,
characteristic, etc. especially † ( α ) חיִל
ַ )(בני בֶּן־ = mighty man 1 S 14:52 ; 18:17 2
S 2:7 ; 13:28 ; 17:10 ( ×2 )
1 K 1:52 + 7 times Ch; ח׳ ָשׁים בני
ִ ֲאנ Ju 18:2 2 K 2:16 ;
ֶאלֶף אִישׁ ִמ ְבּנֵי ֶה ָח֑יִלJu 21:10 ; † ( β ) ְבּנֵי ַעוְלָהwicked men 2 S 3:34 ; 7:10 1 Ch
17:9 Ho 10:9 ; ֶן־ע׳ בּψ 89:23 (for בני בליעלv. ( † ;) בליעלγ ) ְבּנֵי ֶמ֑רִיrebels Nu
17:25 ( cf. בּיִת ַ ); † ( δ ) ֳבּנֵי ַה ַתּ ֲערֻבוֹתsons of pledges = hostages 2 K 14:14 = 2
Ch 25:24 ; † ( ε ) מוֶת ָ ְבּנֵיi.e. those deserving of death 1 S 26:16 ; so בֶּן־מות2 S 12:5 ;
ְבּנֵי תְמוּתָהappointed or exposed to death ψ 79:11 ; 102:21 ; cf. † ( ζ ) בִּן הַכּוֹתone
Zehnpfund R. Zehnpfund.
worthy of smiting Dt 25:2 ; † ( η ) עֹ֑נִי ְבּנֵי Pr 31:5 ; † ( θ ) ֲלוֹף
ח ְבּנֵי Pr 31:8 ; † ( ι )
ְבּנֵי ָשׁאוֹן Je 48:45 = tumultuous ones; so also ( = ְבּנֵי ֵשׁת ) ֵשׁאתNu 24:17 cf. RV
Di al. ; † ( κ ) ָר ְבּנֵי ַהיְִּצהZc 4:14 i.e. anointed ones; † ( λ ) ֶשׁק
ֶ בֶּן־מGn 15:2 son of
possession , i.e. heir; † ( μ ) ַר ֶן־שׁ֑ח
ָ הֵילֵל בּIs 14:12 son of dawn; † ( ν ) of animals ְבּנֵי
שׁחַץ֑ ָ i.e. proud beasts Jb 28:8 ; 41:26 ; ( ξ ) of Jonah’s gourd בִּן־ ַליְלָהJon 4:10 ( ×2 ) ;
† ( ο ) of a fertile hill ֶןֶן־שׁמ
ֶ ֶקרֶן בּIs 5:1 . 9. n. relat. of age: a. of men, וַיְהִי נֹ ַח
בֶּן־ ֲחמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת ָשׁנָהGn 5:32 cf. 7:6 + 71 times P ; Gn 50:26 Jos 14:7 , 10 ; 24:29
(all E ); Nu 32:11 ( J ), Dt 31:2 ; also Ju 2:8 1 S 4:15 2 S 4:4 ; 19:33 , 36 1 Ch
2:21 23:3 , 24 , 27 ; 27:3 2 Ch 24:15 ; 25:5 ; 31:16 , 17 Ezr 3:8 Is 65:20 ( ×2 ) Je
52:1 ; + 41 times SK Ch of kings at accession; note especially (incl. in above) the phrase
ְ וָ ָמ֑ ְעלָה ִמבֶּן עEx 30:14 ; 38:26 Nu 1:3 + 21 times Nu 1–3 + 26:2 , 4 ;
ֶשׂרִים ָשׁנָה
32:11 1 Ch 23:24 , 27 2 Ch 25:5 Ezr 3:8 ; cf. Lv 27:7 Nu 8:24 ; 26:62 1 Ch 23:3
& without מעלהNu 8:25 ; 18:16 ; also שׁנָה ָ ֶן־שׁ ִשּׁים
ִ ִמבֶּן עשׂרים שׁנה וְעַד בּLv 27:3
cf. v 5 , 6 ; שׁנה ִמבֶּן שׁלשׁים שׁנה ומעלה ועד בן־חמשׁיםNu 4:3 ( ×2 ) + 12 times
Nu 4 ; ָה מבן שׁלושׁ שׁנים וּ ְל ַמ֫ ְעל2 Ch 31:16 cf. v 17 ; & ְל ִמבֶּן עשׂרים שׁנה
וּ ְל ָמ֑טָה1 Ch 27:23 . b. of animals, (Hex all P , incl. H ) ֶן־שׁנָה
ָ בּEx 12:5 ; 29:38 Lv
9:3 ; 23:18 , 19 Nu 7:17 + 28 times Nu 7 , 28 , 29 ; also Mi 6:6 ; ֶן־שׁנָתוֹ ְ בּLv 12:6
; 23:12 Nu 6:12 , 14 + 12 times Nu 7 ; also Ez 46:13 .
† בֶּן־אוֹנִ֑י S 1126
GK 1204
n.pr. m. ( son of my sorrow ) Rachel’s name for
Benjamin ( cf. infr. ) Gn 35:18 .
Rö = E. Rödiger .
Öt S. Öttli .
† בֶּן־גֶּ֫בֶר S 1127
GK 1205
n.pr. m. ( son of a man , or of Geber ) an officer of
Solomon 1 K 4:13 .
† ַד בֶּן־ ֲהדS 1130 GK 1207 n.pr. m. ( appar. son of ( god ) Hadad = Aramaic S
PS cf. Bae Rel. 168 ; also Bab. Bin-addu-natan etc., Pinches PB Feb. 1883, 71 ; Assyrian
Bir-Dadda COT 1 K 20:1 Hpt Hbr 1885, 224 , but cf. νἱὸς ῎Αδερ , & Dl ZK ii.
; v. also Schr KG 375 ff. 538 f. ) name for king of Aram Je 49:27 ; in partic.;—
1885, 161 f.
† בֶּן־זוֹחֵת S 1132
GK 1209
n.pr. m. one of tribe of Judah, 1 Ch 4:20 ִשׁעִי
ְ וּ ְבנֵי י
זוֹחֵת וּבֶן־זוֹחֵת.
† בֶּן־חוּר S 1133
GK 1210
n.pr. m. ( son of Chur ) an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:8
.
† ְנוֹ
בּS 1121 TWOT 254 GK 1217 1 Ch 24:26 , 27 as n.pr. m. in AV RV , but
render: the sons of Jaaziah his son , & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son , cf. VB
& Be Öt .
ִבּנְיָמִין S 1144
TWOT 254a
GK 1228
Gn 35:18 + ; usually ִן
ִבּנְיָמn.pr. m. 166 ( son
of ( the ) right hand ) — 1. youngest son of Jacob, so called by him, but by Rachel,
the mother, who died at Benjamin’s birth, called ֶן־אוֹנִי
( בּq.v. ) Gn 35:18 ; own
brother of Joseph Gn 35:24 ; 42:4 ; 43:29 ; 45:12 ; cf. 42:36 ; 45:15 , 34 + ;
name of tribe of Benjamin Nu 1:11 Dt 27:12 ; 33:12 Ju 5:14 + 23 times Ju; 32
times S K Chr; Ho 5:8 Ez 48:23 Ob 19 ψ 68:28 ; 80:3 ; בּנֵי בנימן ְ (lit. Gn 46:21
) of tribe Nu 1:36 ; 2:22 ; 7:60 ; 26:38 , 41 Jos 18:20 , 28 Ju 20:3 , 14 , 15 , 18
, 21 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 36 , 48 ; 21:13 , 20 , 23 2 S 2:25 ; 4:2 ;
23:29 1 Ch 8:40 ; 9:3 , 7 ; 11:31 ; 12:17 , 30 Ne 11:4 , 7 , 31 Je 6:1 ; Ju 21 (
×2 )
(but בני יהודהin || Jos 15:63 cf. Bu RS 7 ); explicitly ִן
ַמטֵּה ִבנְיָמNu 1:37 ;
2:22 ; 13:9 ; 34:21 Jos 21:4 1 Ch 6:45 cf. Jos 21:17 ; ֵה
ַמטּ ְבנֵי ב׳ Nu 10:24
Jos 18:11 , 21 1 Ch 6:50 ; ב׳ ֵשׁבֶט 1 S 10:20 , 21 1 K 12:21 ; observe also
ִ כּJu 20:12 cf. 1 S 9:21 ; אִישׁ ִבּנְיָמִןJu 20:41 1 S 4:12 cf. ִמבִּן־יָ֯מִין
ָל־שׁ ְבטֵי ב׳
אִישׁ1 S 9:1 ; ֶארֶץ ִבּנְיָמִןJu 21:21 1 S 9:16 2 S 21:14 Je 1:1 ; 17:26 ; 32:44 ;
33:13 ; 37:12 cf. 32:8 ; גְּבוּל ב׳1 S 10:2 Ez 48:22 ( del. Co ) v 24 ; ֵית בּ
ִבּנְיָמִן2 S 3:19 ; יְהוּדָה וּב׳ בֵּית1 K 12:23 2 Ch 11:1 ; in name of a temple-gate
ַשׁעַר ב׳ ָה ֶעלְיוֹןJe 20:2 cf. 37:13 ; 38:7 Ez 48:32 Zc 14:10 . † 2. a son of
Bilhan and great-grandson of Benjamin 1. 1 Ch 7:10 . † 3. a Jew of Ezra’s time Ezr
10:32 cf. Ne 3:23 ; 12:34 — בנימן בני קרץ1 Ch 9:4 Kt read with Qr בּנִי ָ
מִן־ ְבּנֵי ק׳.
† בֶּן־יְמִינִי S 1145
GK 1229
adj. gent. from ִן
ִבּנָימ1. 1 S 9:21 ψ 7:1 ; בֶּן־ ַהיְמִינִי
Ju 3:15 2 S 16:11 ; 19:17 1 K 2:8 ; pl. ְבּנֵי יְמִינִי ַלבֵּן֯ יְמ
1 S 22:7 Ju 19:16 ; ִינִי
1 Ch 27:12 ( Qr ;) ַלבֵּן יְמִינִי = ( יְמִינִיq.v. ) 1 S 9:4 + .
† ְבּנִ֑ינוּ S 1148
GK 1231
n.pr. m. ( our son ? Ol § 277 b. p. 613
) a Levite Ne 10:14 .
I. בַּת S 1004 , 1323 , 1324 , 1325
TWOT 241 , 254b , 2644 , 298a
GK 1426 , 1427 , 1428
587 n. f.
daughter ( = ַבּנְ ְתּfrom ; בן
בת, MI בנתpl. maidens , Assyrian bintu
Ph.
Winckler , Arabic Sab. בת, בנתDHM ZMG 1883, 391 CIS iv. 1, No. 6. 21 ;
Sargon, Gloss.
Aramaic ) — ב׳abs. Ex 1:16 + ; cstr. Gn 11:29 + ; sf. ִי ִבּתּDt 22:16 + ; ִבּ ְתּ ָך
Gn 29:18 + ; ֵנוּ
ִבּתּGn 34:17 etc.; pl. בָּנוֹתGn 5:4 + ; cstr. בְּנוֹתGn 6:2 + ; sf.
בְּנֹתַיGn 31:26 + ; בְּנוֹתֶי ָךGn 19:12 + ; בְּנֹתָםGn 34:21 ; בְּנוֹתֵיהֶםDt 12:31 +
, etc.;— 1. daughter , female child, born of a woman Gn 30:21 ; 34:1 Ex 1:16 , 22
; 21:4 Lv 12:6 Ho 1:6 cf. Gn 20:12 Lv 18:9 Dt 27:22 + ; begotten by a man
Gn 5:4 , 7 , 10 ; 11:11 , 13 , 15 cf. Gn 11:29 ; 19:8 ; 20:12 ; 28:2 Lv 19:9 Dt
27:22 + ; often || ֵן
בּson Gn 5:4 , 7 + ( v. ;) בֵּןcf. in allegory of Jehoash 2 K 14:9
= 2 Ch 25:18 ; note especially ְנוֹת
בּ הָאָדָםi.e. human women Gn 6:2 , 4 ; ִבּ ְתּ ָך
ַה ְקּ ַטנָּהthy younger daughter Gn 29:18 ( cf. ַה ְצּעִירָה: v 26 opp. ִבּתִּי ;) ַה ְבּכִירָה
ַהגְּדוֹלָהmy eldest daughter 1 S 18:17 ; = בַּת־( ַה) ֶמּ ֶל ְךprincess 2 Ch 22:11 2 K
9:34 Dn 11:6 cf. 2 S 13:18 Je 41:10 ; 43:6 ψ 45:10 ; cf. as term of praise
בַּת־נָדִיבCt 7:2 ; in partic. † a. girl called ִבּתֵּנוּby father and brothers Gn 34:17
cf. ִבּ ְתּכֶם v 8 . † b. of adopted daughter Est 2:7 , 15 . † c. used in speaking to
daughter-in-law Ru 1:11 , 12 , 13 ; 2:2 , 8 , 22 ; 3:1 , 16 , 18 . † d. ִיו
= בַּת־אָב
sister Ez 22:11 (appos. ;) אחותוalso half-sister Gn 20:12 בַּת־אָבִי אַ ְך לֹא
בַת־ ִאמִּי, cf. Lv 18:9 & v 11ֵשׁת אָבִי ָך ֶ בַּת־א, 20:17 . † e. ַת־דֹּדוֹ = בּcousin
Est 2:7 . † f. used in kindly address, ִי
ִבּתּRu 3:10 , 11 (Boaz to Ruth), cf. ψ
45:11 ; ַי
בְּוֹתin mouth of י׳Is 43:6 ( || ) ָבּנַי. † g. = בְּנוֹת ָבּנָיוgranddaughters Gn
46:7 ( P ) cf. Lv 18:10 & v 17 ( H ); note also Gn 37:35 , where בנותיוmust
include other than actual daughters. h. ָה ( בַּת־בְּתוַּאֵל ִר ְבקas more precise
designation) Gn 25:20 cf. 24:23 , 24 , 47 ( ×2 ) also 26:34 ( ×2 ) ; 29:10 + ; note
especially † ַת־
( ַפּרְעֹה בּwithout personal name) Ex 2:5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 cf. 1 K
3:1 ; 7:8 ; 9:24 ; 11:1 2 Ch 8:11 ; ע
ַ שׁוּ וּשׁמוֹ
ְ בַּת־אִישׁ ְכּנַ ֲענִי Gn 38:2 cf. v 12
(but cf. 1 Ch 2:3 sub ע
ַ בַּת־שׁוּn.pr. f. infr. ) † i. often pl. as designation of
women of a particular city, land, or people: ִיּוֹן
צ בְּנוֹת Is 3:16 , 17 ; 4:4 Ct 3:11
cf. Is 49:22 ; 60:4 La 3:51 ; ם
ִ ְרוּשׁ ַל
ָ בְּנוֹת יCt 1:5 ; 2:7 ; 3:5 , 10 ; 5:8 , 16 ; 8:4
; ְנוֹת־שׁילוֹ
ִ בּJu 21:21 ( ×2 )
; ָה
ַרבּ
בְּנוֹתJe 49:3 ; observe transitional phrase בְּנוֹת
ְשׁי ָהעִיר ֵ אַנGn 24:13 ; further בְּנוֹת ְכּ ֑נָעַןGn 28:1 , 6 , 8 ; 36:2 (all P ) cf. ב׳
ַה ְכּנַ ֲענִיGn 24:3 , 37 ( J ); בְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץGn 27:46 ; 34:1 (both P ); בְּנוֹת מוֹאָבNu
25:1 Is 16:2 cf. Nu 21:29 ; ֵת ב׳ חGn 27:46 ( ×2 ) ( P ); ִשׁתִּים ְ ב׳ ְפּלJu 14:1 , 2
2 S 1:20 || ִים ב׳ הָֽ ֲע ֵרלv 20 (poet.); ִשׂ ָראֵלְ ב׳ יJu 11:40 1 S 1:24 (poet.); ב׳
יְהוּדָהψ 48:12 ; 97:8 ; ב׳ ְמנַ ֶשּׁהJos 17:6 ; ב׳ דָּן2 Ch 2:13 ; cf. בַּת־ ֵלוִיEx 2:1
ָ ב׳ אַחֶיJu 14:3 ; ב׳ ַע ֶמּ֑ ָךEz 13:7 .— בַּת־צִיּוֹן
i.e. a woman of tribe of Levi; also ך
etc. v. sub 3 infr. 2. young women, women Gn 30:13 ( J ) Pr 31:29 Ct 2:2 ; 6:9 ;
בָּנוֹת בֹּטְחוֹתIs 32:9 ; also ָשׁים בַּת ִ ַהנּDn 11:17 . † 3. with name of city, land, or
people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants, etc.: ִיּוֹן
בַּת־צIs 1:8 ; 10:32 ; 16:1
; 62:11 Mi 1:13 ; 4:8 , 10 , 13 Je 4:13 ; 6:2 , 23 Zp 3:14 Zc 2:14 ; 9:9 ψ
9:15 La 1:6 ; 2:1 , 4 ; 4:22 ; even קנֵי בת־ציון ְ ִ זLa 2:10 ; חוֹמַת ב׳ ץ׳v 8 , 18 ;
also ב׳־ץ׳ בְּתוּלַת 2 K 19:21 = Is 37:22 La 2:13 ; ב׳־ץ׳ ְשׁ ִביָּה Is 52:2 ; ב׳
ְרוּשׁלַם
ָ י2 K 19:21 = Is 37:22 Mi 4:8 Zp 3:14 Zc 9:9 La 2:13 , 15 ; cf.
בַּת־פּוּצַיZp 3:10 daughter of my dispersed ones; בַּת־צֹרψ 45:13 ; ב׳ ָבּבֶלJe
50:42 ; 51:23 ψ 137:8 ; ֶל בְּתוּלַת ב׳ ָבּבIs 47:1 ; v. further Zc 2:11 ; also of
Tarshish Is 23:10 , Sidon v 12 ( + ַת ) בְּתוּל, Dibon Je 48:18 ( + יוֹשׁבֶת ֶ ), Gallim
Is 10:30 ; ַת
ב׳־יְהוּדָה בְּתוּלLa 1:15 ; cf. ִמ ְב ְצרֵי בַּת יְהוּדָה2:2 ; בַּת־ ַעמִּיdaughter
of my people Is 22:4 Je 4:11 ; 6:14 , 26 ; 8:11 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 ; 9:6 La 3:48 ;
בְּחוּלJe 14:17 ; בַּת־ ִמ ְצ ָר֑יִםJe 46:24 ; also 46:11 ( + בְּתוּלַת
4:3 , 6 , 10 , ַת ב׳ ע׳
), v 19 ( + ֶת
יוֹשׁב
ֶ ); אֱדוֹם ְ ב׳ כּIs 47:1 , 5 ; note הַשּׁוֹ ֵב ָב֑ה
ב׳La 4:21 , 22 ; ַשׂדִּים
ַהבַּתJe 31:22 ( || ִשׂ ָראֵל
ְ בַּתוּלַת יv 21 ) 49:4 ( = Ammon); on ֲשׁרִים ֻ בַּת־אEz
27:6 v. sub ִים ֲשׁרֻ אp. 81 ; less often in pl. בְּנוֹת הַגּוֹיִםEz 32:16 ; ב׳ גּ׳ אַ ִדּרִםv
18 (these perhaps sub 1 i ); ִים ִשׁתּ
ְ בְּנוֹת ְפּלEz 16:27 (in allegory); cf. also of
Sodom, Samaria, Syria etc. v 44 , 45 , 46 ( ×2 ) , 53 , 55 ( ×2 ) , 57 ( ×2 ) ; 23:2 . 4.
pl. = villages , after name of city, ֶיה
ֶשׁבּוֹן וּ ְבכָל־בְּנֹת
ְ וּ ְבחNu 21:25 cf. v 32 ;
32:42 ( E ) Jos 15:45 , 47 ( ×2 ) (JE?) + v 28 Di , 17:11 (6 times) v 16 ( J )
= Ju 1:27 ( ×4 ) ; 11:26 ( ×2 ) Je 49:2 + 17 times Ch + 6 times Ne 11:25–31 . On 1
Ch 18:1 & its variation from || 2 S 8:1 vid. We Dr 5. in phrases denoting
character, quality, etc., ָר
בַּת־אֵל נֵכdaughter of a strange god , i.e. idolatrous
(woman or people) Mal 2:11 ; ַת־גְּדוּד
בּdaughter of a troop , i.e. war-like city Mi
4:14 ; ַשּׁיר
ִה בְּנוֹת Ec 12:4 the daughters of song , i.e. songs, melodious notes;
בַּת־ ְבּ ִליַּעַל 1 S 1:16 v. ְבּ ִליַּעַלsub בלה. † 6. = בַּת יֲַענָיostrich Lv 11:16 =
Dt 14:15 ; pl. ענָה ֲַ בְּנוֹת יJb 30:29 Mi 1:8 Is 13:21 ; 34:13 ; 43:20 Je 50:39 ( v.
בַּת־ ַעיִן ;) יֲַענָהpupil of the eye La 2:18 cf. Ethiopic v. also אִישׁוֹן. † 7. fig.
ַלעֲלוּקָה ְשׁתִּי בָנוֹתPr 30:15 two daughters (i.e. Sh ôl & the barren womb, cf.
Comm. ) † 8. of vine = branch ֵי־שׁוּר בָּנוֹת צָֽ ֲעדָה ֲעלGn 49:22 cf. Di & v.
sub ֵן בּ. † 9. as n. relat. (all P ), of age of woman ִשׁעִים ָשׁנָה ְ בַּת־תּGn 17:17 ; of
ewe-lamb ָהּ ַת־שׁנָת
ְ בּLv 14:10 Nu 6:14 ; of she-goat id. Nu 15:27 . Cf. בֵּן. 9 —
II. ַת בּv. בתתp. 144 .
בַּת־ ַרבִּים S 1337
GK ( daughter of multitudes ) appellation of
1442
n.pr.loc.
populous city of Heshbon, or of its gate, Ct 7:5 ( || ֶשׁבּוֹן
ְ ) ח.
† ַת־שׁ֫בַע
ֶ בּ S 1339
GK 1444
n.pr. f. ( daughter of oath ? cf. ִישׁ֫בַע
ֶ ) ֱאלwife of
Uriah 2 S 11:3 ψ 50:2 ; afterwords of David, & mother of Solomon 12:24 1 K
ַת־שׁ֑ב
1:11 , 15 , 16 , 31 ; 2:13 , 18 , 19 ; ַע ָ בּ1 K 1:28 ; cf. also foll.
ָבּנָהS 1129
TWOT 255
GK 1215
373 vb. build ( MI , Nab. Eut
No. 1
בנה, Ph. בן,
Arabic Assyrian banû COT Gloss.
cf. Ba ZMG 1887, 640
, Sab. בני CIS iv. 1, No. 56
,
Aramaic בּנָא
ְ , Palm. בנאVog ) — Qal Pf. ב׳Dt 20:5 + , בָּֽנְתָהPr 9:1 ;
No. 31
14:1 , ת ָ ָבּנִיDt 6:10 , ָבּנִתָה1 K 9:3 ; וּ ָכנִ֫י ָתconsec. Dt 20:20 + ; ָבּנִי ְתEz 16:25 ;
ָבּנִיתִי1 K 8:13 + ; pl. בָּנוּGn 11:5 + , etc.; Impf. יְִבנֶהDt 25:9 + ; juss. וְיִבֶןEzr
1:3 בנֶה ְִ וַיּJos 19:50 + 2 times וַיִּ֫בֶןGn 2:22 + ; sf. יְִבנֵ֫הוּJb 20:19 ; 3 fs. וַ ִתּ֫בֶן1
Ch 7:24 Zc 9:3 ; בנֶה ְ ֶא2 S 7:27 + ; pl. יִבְנוּIs 65:22 + , etc.; Imv. ְבּנֵהNu 23:1 + ;
pl. ְנוּ בּNu 32:24 + ; Inf. abs. בָּנֹה1 K 8:13 ; cstr. בְּנוֹת1 Ch 6:17 + , etc.; Pt.
act. ) בּוֹנֶה ( בֹּנֶהGn 4:17 + ; cstr. בֹּנֵהψ 147:2 ; pl. ) בֹּנִים ( בּוֹנִיםEzr 4:1 + ;
cstr. בֹּנֵי1 K 5:32 ( ×2 ) , etc.; pass. ָנוּי בּCt 4:4 Ju 6:28 ; f. בְּנוּיָהψ 122:3 ; pl.
בְּנוּיִםNe 7:4 ;— build , 1. (lit.) a. c. acc. ( α ) of city ( Hex only JE) Gn 4:17 ; 10:11
; 11:4 , 5 ( + tower) v 8 (all J & his sources); Ex 1:11 Nu 32:24 Jos 24:13 (all E
) Ju 1:26 ; 18:28 + 22 times K Ch + Je 32:31 ψ 122:3 ( pt. pass. ) cf. Hb 2:12 ; of
village ( ֵר
) ָחצNe 12:29 ; v. also sub rebuild , i. infr. ; ( β ) house Gn 33:17 ( J ),
elsewhere in Hex only Dt 6:10 ; 8:12 ; 20:25 ; 28:30 ; also 2 S 5:11 1 K 22:39 1
Ch 14:1 2 Ch 2:2 Pr 24:27 Am 5:11 Zp 1:13 Is 65:21 Je 35:7 , 9 cf. Zc 5:11 ; as
sign of security Ez 28:26 cf. 11:3 ; of luxury Ec 2:4 cf. Je 22:14 ; of permanent
residence 1 K 2:36 Je 29:5 , 28 ; especially of temple 1 K 3:1 ; 5:32 ; 6:2 + often S K
Eut J. Euting.
Chr; fig. of wisdom’s house Pr 9:1 ; especially build temple ליהוהetc. 2 S 7:5 , 7 1
K 6:1 ( = began to build) + 13 times Chr + Is 66:1 ; י׳ ְשׁם
ֵ לetc. 2 S 7:13 1 K 5:17 +
8 times K , 13 times Ch; ך
ָ ְשׁ ְמ
ִ ְל ָך ל2 Ch 20:8 ; ִלהְיוֹת ְשׁמִי ָשׁם1 K 8:16 2 Ch 6:5 ;
ְשׁמִי ָשׁם לָשׂוּם1 K 9:3 ; obj. chambers, or stories 1 K 6:5 , 10 , court 6:36 Ho 8:14
perhaps of idolt-temples; cf. 1 K 16:32 ; ψ 78:69 of Yahweh’s building his sanctuary,
147:2 Jerusalem, ψ 127:1 a house; also Am 9:6 his chambers in the heavens; of Sol.’s
palace 1 K 7:1 , 2 ; 9:1 , 10 + ; ( γ ) of a fortress 2 Ch 17:12 27:4 cf. of Tyre Zc
9:3 ( ָצוֹר ( ;) מδ ) of wall 1 K 3:1 Is 60:10 Ez 13:10 2 Ch 33:14 ( cf. 27:3 ) Ne 4:4
; 6:1 + ; ( ε ) gate 2 K 15:35 = 2 Ch 27:3 ; ( ζ ) tower Is 5:2 2 Ch 26:9 , 10 ; 27:4
cf. fig. Ct 8:9 & pt. pass. Ct 4:4 (in sim. ); † ( η ) siege-works against ( ַל־ )עa
city Dt 20:20 ( ָצוֹד
) מ, Ec 9:14 ( ) מְצוֹרִים, 2 K 25:1 = Je 52:4 Ez 4:2 (all ) ָדּיֵק,
& so (without ַל־ ) עEz 17:17 ; 21:27 ; cf. בנה ָעלַי, abs. La 3:5 (in fig. ); ( θ ) altar
Gn 22:9 ; 35:7 Ex 17:15 ; 20:25 ; 24:4 Nu 23:1 , 14 , 29 (all E ), Gn 26:25 Ex
32:5 (both J ), Jos 22:11 + 6 times Jos 22 (all P ) Ju 6:28 ( pt. pass. ) 21:4 + 6
times K Ch; often sq. ליהוהetc. Gn 8:20 ; 12:7 , 8 ; 13:18 (all J ), Dt 27:5 , 6 Jos
8:30 ( E ) Ju 6:24 , 26 + 8 times S K Ch; † ( ι ) high places ( ָה
) ָבּמ1 K 11:7 ; 14:23
2 K 17:9 ; 21:3 ; 23:13 2 Ch 33:3 , 19 Je 7:31 ; 19:5 ; 32:35 ; cf. גַּבEz 16:24 , 31
(both || ָה
ָרמָה & ) ָרמv 25 ; † ( κ ) צִיּוּןEz 39:15 ; also † ( λ ) ִגּדְרֹת צֹאןNu 32:16
( E ); † ( μ ) ָת
ַשּׁבּ
ַה ֯
מיּ ַס ְך 2 K 16:18 . † b. c. acc. of material Ex 20:25 ( E ) 1 K
6:36 ; 18:32 ; 15:22 = 2 Ch 16:6 Ez 27:5 ; c. ְבּof material 1 K 6:15 , 16 ; 15:17
2 Ch 16:6 ; cf. † c. ִשּׁה ָ וַיִּבֶן אֶת־ ַה ֵצּלָע ְלאGn 2:22 and he (Yahweh) fashioned the
rib into a woman . † d. abs. 2 S 5:9 1 K 6:16 Is 9:9 Je 1:10 ; 18:9 ; 22:13 ; 31:28
Is 65:22 + 12 times Chr + Mal 1:4 Ec 3:3 ( opp. ;) פרץalso e. Pt. act. = builder
1 K 5:32 ( ×2 ) + 6 times Chr + Ez 27:4 ψ 118:22 ; 127:1 . † f. cf. indef. obj. 1 K
9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6 . † g. ָר = וַיִּבֶן אֶת־ ָההand he built on the hill 1 K 16:24 . † h. sq.
ְבּbuild at Zc 6:15 Ne 4:11 ( cf. ְבּI 2 b , p. 88 ). † i. = rebuild Jos 6:26 1 K 16:34
Am 9:14 Is 45:13 ψ 69:36 Ne 2:5 Dn 9:25 all of city; cf. phrase בנה ָחרְבוֹת
עוֹלָם Is 58:12 ; 61:4 & Ez 36:36 Mal 1:4 Jb 3:14 ; of walls Mi 7:11 2 Ch 32:5 Ne
2:17 ; 3:33 , 35 , 38 ; 6:6 ψ 51:20 ( act. of ;) י׳of gate Ne 3:1 , 13 , 14 , 15 ;
temple Zc 6:12 , 13 Ezr 1:3 ; alter 2 Ch 33:16 ( Qr ֶן וַיִּבso Bö < Kt ויכן, from כון
, so Öt ), Ezr 3:2 ; high places 2 K 21:3 = 2 Ch 33:3 ; in some of these apparently an
idea of merely repairing; so, sometimes with added notion of enlarging etc., city Nu
32:34 , 37 , 38 ( E ) Jos 19:50 ( P ) Ju 21:23 2 K 14:22 = 2 Ch 26:2 , 1 Ch 11:8 2
Ch 8:2 ; 11:6 cf. Mi 3:10 ; Millo 1 K 9:24 ; 11:27 ; cf. house Jb 20:19 . 2. fig. a.
build a house ( = ) ביתperpetuate and establish a family; subj. Leah & Rachel Ru 4:11
; subj. a brother Dt 25:9 ; subj. ( י׳promise to David) 1 S 2:35 2 S 7:27 1 K 11:38 1
Ch 17:10 and 17:25 ; (to Solomon) 1 K 11:38 ; cf. further דּוִד ָ ֻסכַּתAm 9:11 (
rebuild, restore ); = cause a household to flourish Pr 14:1 cf. opp. 27:18 ; also of
establishing David’s throne ψ 89:5 . b. build up Israel (after exile) subj. י׳Je 24:6 ; 31:4
; 33:7 ; 42:10 cf. 45:4 & ψ 28:5 ; obj. Zion ψ 102:17 . † Niph. Pf. נִ ְבנָה1 K 3:2
; 6:7 , ָה
נִ ְבנְתNu 13:22 Ne 7:1 , וְנִ ְבנְתָהconsec. Je 30:18 + 2 times; 2 fs. בנֵית ְ ִוְנ
consec. Je 31:4 ; 3 pl. נִבְנוּ Mal 3:15 ; ְנוּ
וְנִבconsec. Je 12:16 Ez 36:33 ; Impf.
יִָבּנֶהJb 12:14 + 4 times; 3 fs. ִתּ ָבּנֶהNu 21:27 + 3 times; 2 ms. ִתּ ָבּנֶהJb 22:23 ,
ִא ָבּנֶהGn 16:2 , וְ ִא ָבּנֶהGn 30:3 ; 3 fpl. ִתּ ָבּנֶּינָהEz 36:10 ; 2 fpl. ִתּ ָבּנֶינָהIs 44:26 ;
Inf. ָנוֹת ְל ִהבּHg 1:2 Zc 8:9 , ְבּ ִהבָּנֹתוֹ1 K 6:7 ( ×2 ) ; Pt. נִ ְבנֶה1 Ch 22:19 ;— 1. a. be
built , (lit.) of city Nu 13:22 ; of temple 1 K 3:2 ( ְשׁם י׳ ֵ ) ל1 K 6:7 ( ×3 ) ( c. acc.
mater.); Pt. = to be built (gerundive) 1 Ch 22:19 . b. be rebuilt: of city of Sihon Nu
21:27 cf. Is 25:2 ; 44:26 , of wall of Jerusalem Ne 7:1 , of Jerusalem Je 30:18 ; 31:4 ,
38 Is 44:28 cf. Dn 9:25 ָה תָּשׁוּב וְנִ ְבנְת, & Ez 26:14 ( c. ) עוֹד, of ruinous places (
) ֶה ֳחרָבוֹתEz 36:10 , 33 , of a devoted city Dt 13:17 ( c. ) עוֹד, of temple Hg 1:2 Zc
1:16 ; 8:9 , indef. subj. Jb 12:14 . 2. a. ( fig. ) of restored exiles, = established Je
12:16 , of prosperous wicked Mal 3:15 , of repentant offender Jb 22:23 . b. established ,
made permanent, subj. ֶד ֶחסψ 89:3 ( c. ) עוֹלָם, subj. ַבּיִתPr 24:3 (by wisdom). c. of
childless wife, by means of concubine מּנָּה
ֶ ִא ָבּנֶה ִמGn 16:2 ; 30:3 I shall be built up ,
i.e. become the mother of a family, from or through her; cf. >Qal 2 a .
† בִּנּוּי S 1131
GK 1218
n.pr. m. 1. head of a family that returned with Zerubbabel
Ne 7:15 ( = || בַּניEzr 2:10 & perhaps Ezr 10:34 cf. Sm Listen 14 ; but BeRy
proposes here בְּגוַי ִ ). 2. a Levite of Ezra’s time Ezr 8:33 Ne 10:10 (prob. = ָבּנִי
8:7 , בּנִּי
ֻ 9:4 ) 12:8 cf. 3:24 ( ַבּוַי, textual error v 18 ) v. BeRy ; also Ezr 2:40
= Ne 7:43 בנֵי ְ ִלread perhaps ְל ִבנֻּיcf. Sm Listen 16 but BeRy otherwise; cf.
Gesch. ii, 2, 389
further Gr . 3. Israelites of Ezra’s time, a. Ezr 10:30 ; b. Ezr 10:38 .
† ָבּנִי S 1137
GK 1220
n.pr. m. 1. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:36 || ( ָבּנִי ַהגָּ ִדי 1
Ch 11:38 has ִי
בֶּן־ ַהְגר, but v. Dr Sm
). 2. Levites, a. 1 Ch 6:31 ; b. Ne 3:17 cf.
8:7 ( = בִּנּוּי 10:10 ) 9:4 ( ×2 )
(repeated prob. by error, cf. BeRy ) v 5 10:14 ;
11:22 . On Ezr 2:40 = Ne 7:43 cf. Gr Gesch. ii. 2, 389
; he reads בני קדמיאלfor
קדמיאל לבני, taking בניas n.pr. , as 3 Ezr 5:26 Καδμιηλου καὶ Βαννου . 3. a man
of Judah 1 Ch 9:4 ( ִן
ָבּנִי ) מ Qr ( > Kt ) בנימן. 4. Ezr 2:10 read ִנּוּי בּcf. || Ne
7:15 . 5. heads of families of Isr. a. Ezr 10:29 ; b. Ne 10:15 ; c. Ezr 10:34 but
perhaps read ִנּוּי בּor ִבְּגוַיcf. supr. 6. an Israelite Ezr 10:38 .— ( בניas n.pr.
Palm. Vog No. 34
.)
† ֻבּנִּי S 1138
GK 1221
n.pr. m. 1. Levites, a. Ne 9:4 , but read perhaps ִנּוּי
בּcf.
BeRy & vid. 10:10 ; 12:8 Ezr 8:33 ; b. ֶן ( בּוּנִּי
) בּNe 11:15 , but read perhaps מִן
ְבּנֵיetc. cf. BeRy 2. a chief of people Ne 10:16 , perhaps repetit. of בּנִי
ָ v 15 cf.
BeRy .
† ְבּנָיָ֫הוּ S 1141
GK 1226
, ָיָה
ְבּנS 1141
GK 1225
n.pr. m. ( Yah hath built up , cf.
יבנאל, בנאלDHM ZMG 1883, 15 ) — 1. one of David’s captains and heroes,
Sab.
son of Jehoiada, בניהו2 S 8:18 ; 23:20 , 22 1 K 1:8 , 10 , 26 , 32 , 36 , 38 , 44
; 2:25 , 29 , 30 ( ×2 ) , 34 , 35 , 46 ; 4:4 1 Ch 11:24 ; 18:17 ; 27:5 , 6 cf. v 34
( v. Be ); = בניה2 S 20:23 1 Ch 11:22 . 2. one of David’s thirty, בניהו2 S
23:30 = בניה 1 Ch 11:31 ; 27:14 . 3. a Simeonite, בניה1 Ch 4:36 . 4. Levites, a.
בניהז 1 Ch 15:18 , 20 , 24 ; b. ( id. ) 2 Ch 31:13 ; c. בניה2 Ch 20:14 . 5.
Israelites, בניה, a. Ezr 10:25 ; b. v 30 ; c. v 35 ; d. v 43 ; e. Ez 11:13 =
בניהו v 1.
† I. ְיָה
יְִבנS 2997
GK 3307
n.pr. m. ( Yah buildeth up , cf. ) בניהוa Benjamite 1
Ch 9:8 a Βανααμ , L Ιεβναα .
בנטTWOT 256
( assumed as √ of אַ ְבנֵט, Thes Sta § 257
).
† אַ ְבנֵט S 73
TWOT 256a
GK 77
n. [ m. ] girdle — א׳abs. Ex 28:4 + ;
֮אַ ְבנֵֽ ְט ָך
Is 22:21 ; cstr. Ex 39:29 ; ִים אַ ְבנֵטEx 28:40 ;— girdle , of high priest Ex
28:4 , 39 ; 39:29 Lv 8:7 ; 16:4 ; of priests Ex 28:40 ; 29:9 Lv 8:13 (all P ); of
high official Is 22:21 .—Josephus iii. 7. 2 ἀβανήθ ; cf. further Lag Ges . Abh. 39 .
described Jos Ant. iii. 7, 2 as a sash wound round breast several times and falling to
the feet; in S ( ֶה ְמיָןPers. ) a money-bag wound round body Sta ThLZ , 1894, 236 .
ֵבּנַ֫יִם S 1143
TWOT 239a
GK 1227
v. sub [ בּיִן
ַ ].
† ִבּנְעָא S 1150
GK 1232
n.pr. m. a descendant of Jonathan 1 Ch 8:37 ; 9:43 .
בסרS 1154
TWOT 257
( be too early , Arabic cf. Aramaic ָה
ְבּסִירhalf-ripe ) .
† ֫
בֹסֶר n. m. Is 18:5 unripe or sour grapes coll. ( NH id. , Aramaic ָא
בּוּ ְסר,
( PS ; syllable uncertain [ Nes , privately]; Polyglotts and Castell have ); Arabic
unripe dates ) — ֶר בֹּסIs 18:5 + 3 times, ִבּסְרוֹJb 15:23 ;— unripe grapes Is 18:5
Jb 15:23 ; sour g. Je 31:29 , 30 Ez 18:2 .
ַ ֫בּעַד S 1157
TWOT 258a
GK 1237 , 1238
105 subst. proposes separation , with a gen.,
†[ ָבּעָהS 1158
TWOT 259
GK 1239 , 1240
] vb. inquire, cause to swell or boil up (
NH id. ; Arabic seek, suppurate, swell; Aramaic ָא
ְבּע, seek ) — Qal Impf. 3 fs. ִתּ ְבעֶה
Is 64:1 ; 2 mpl. ִתּ ְבעָיוּן Is 21:12 ; Imv. ְבּ ָעיוּ Is 21:12 ;— 3. of rising desire, seek,
inquire , abs. , of inquiring of prophet Is 21:12 ( ×2 )
. 4. cause to boil up , ֵשׁ
תִּב׳־א ַמיִם
Is 64:1 (but gloss Che ). Niph. Pf. ְעוּ נִבOb 6 searched out ( || ;) נֶ ְתפְּשׂוּPt. נִ ְבעֶהIs
30:13 swelling, swelling out (of decaying wall; Di swelling, enlarging , of crack in
wall).
בעזTWOT 260
( quick ? cf. : Arabic swiftness (of horse) ) .
† ֫
בֹּעַז S 1162
TWOT 260a
GK 1244 , 1245
n.pr. m. ( quickness ? ) — 1. kinsman of
Naomi, who married Ruth Ru 2:1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 23 ; 3:2 , 7 ;
4:1 ( ×2 ) , 5 , 8 , 9 , 13 , also v 21 ( ×2 ) 1 Ch 2:11 , 12 ( Βοος , Βοοζ ). 2.
name of the left hand of two pillars set up before temple ( cf. also ִין
יָכsub ) כון1 K
7:21 = 2 Ch 3:17 ; ( meaning obscure; MT appar. ref. to 1 , cf. 2 Ch 3:17 ;
Thes supposes name of architect or donor; Ew perhaps sons of Solomon, etc.; read
possibly ְעֹז בּin strength , 2 Ch 3:17 ἰσχύς ; Th thinks יכין בעזa sentence,
one word being engraved on each pillar, he (God) established in strength; against
him, however, Ke Be ; Öt thinks an exclamation, in strength! expressing
satisfaction of architect; Klo proposes for בעז, ַל עֹז
( ַבּעcf. B 1 K 7:21 Βαλαζ )
).
†[ ָבּעַטS 1163
TWOT 261
GK 1246
] vb. kick ( so NH , Aramaic ַט
ְבּע, ) — Qal
Impf. וַיִּ ְבעַט Dt 32:15 ; 2 mpl. ִתּ ְבעֲטוּ1 Sa 2:29 ;— kick (only fig. of refractory
Israel) Dt 32:15 ( abs. ); kick at ( c. בּ
ְ ) 1 S 2:29 .
ְבּעִי S 1164
TWOT 1577d
Jb 30:24 v. עִי.
† ָבּעַל S 1166 , 1167 TWOT 262 , 262a GK 1241 , 1249 , 1250 vb. marry, rule over ( cf.
Arabic = own, possess , especially a wife or concubine; Ethiopic to be rich , Assyrian
bâlu , rule COT Gloss. , Aramaic ַל ְבּעtake possession of wife or concubine ) — Qal Pf.
Mal 2:11 + 6 times Impf. יִ ְבעַל Is 62:5 ( ×2 )
; Pt. sf. בֹּ ֲע ַליְִך Is 54:5 ; pass. f.
בְּעוּלָה Is 54:1 + 3 times;— 1. marry Gn 20:3 ( E ) Dt 21:13 ; 22:22 ; 24:1 Is 54:1 ,
5 ; 62:4 , 5 ( ×2 )
Mal 2:11 ; sq. ְבּ Je 3:14 ; 31:32 be lord ( husband ) over . Je 3:14 ;
31:32 AW JosKi Thes , comparing Arabic be disgusted , derive from II. ַל
ָבּעloathe (
sq. ;) ְבּso Buhl : Gie Du Co in 31:32 read ִי
( גָּ ַע ְלתּtreating 3:14 as I. ) ָבּעַל. 2.
rule over 1 Ch 4:22 ( sq. ) ְל Is 26:13 . Niph. Impf. ִתּ ָבּעֵל Pr 30:23 Is 62:4 be
married .
† I. ַל
ַבּעS 1167 , 1168 , 1181
TWOT 262a
GK 1251 , 1252
166 n. m. owner, lord ( Ph.
; בעל Palm. id. husband Vog 62
cf. Bae Rel. 72 ff.
; Assyrian bêlu l.c.
Dl Gram. Gloss.
AW Abu’l Walid.
JosKi Joseph Kimchi.
Gie F. Giessebrecht.
in sg. meaning): of ox Ex 21:28 , 29 ( ×2 ) ; 22:10 , 11 , 13 , 14 ( E ); ב׳ הבורof
pit Ex 21:34 , 36 ( E ), of house Ex 22:7 ( E ) Ju 19:22 , 23 , debt Dt 15:2 , the
land Jb 31:39 , the ass Is 1:3 , goods Ec 5:10 , riches Ec 5:12 ; ב׳ טובone to whom
good is due Pr 3:27 , gain Pr 1:19 ; שׂכל ב׳one having understanding Pr 16:22 ; ב׳
השׁחדreceiver of the gift Pr 17:8 . 2. husband Gn 20:3 Ex 21:3 , 32 ( E ) Dt
22:22 ; 24:4 2 S 11:26 Jo 1:8 Pr 12:4 ; 31:11 , 23 , 28 Est 1:17 , 20 ; ִי ַבּ ְעל
Ho 2:18 ( my Baal , reference to the divine name used in the northern kingdom, here
for the first time forbidden). 3. citizens, inhabitants: ֵי
ַבּ ֲעלof Jericho Jos 24:11 ( E ),
of the high places of Arnon Nu 21:28 ( E ), of Shechem Ju 9:2 + 12 times, of the
tower of Shechem Ju 9:46 , 47 , of the city Ju 9:51 , of Gibeah Ju 20:5 , of Keilah
1 S 23:11 , 12 , of Jabesh 2 S 21:12 . 4. rulers, lords: ֵי גוֹיִם ַבּ ֲעלIs 16:8 . 5. n. of
relation: a. ַל
ַבּע: החלמות ב׳dreamer Gn 37:19 ( E ); דברים ב׳whosoever hath
cases, complaints Ex 24:14 ( E ); ב׳ שׂערan hairy man 2 K 1:8 ; ב׳ חמהwrathful
Na 1:2 Pr 29:22 ; ב׳ אףone given to anger Pr 22:24 ; ב׳ החכמהone having
wisdom Ec 7:12 ; ב׳ משׁחיתdestroyer Pr 18:9 ; ב׳ כנףwinged thing, bird Pr 1:17
Ec 10:20 ; ב׳ נפשׁone given to appetite Pr 23:2 ; ב׳ מזמותmischievous person Pr
24:8 ; ב׳ הלשׁוןcharmer Ec 10:11 ; ב׳ רשׁעone given to wickedness Ec 8:8 ; ב׳
פיפיותdouble-edged Is 41:15 ; ב׳ משׁפטadversary Is 50:8 ; פקדת ב׳captain of
the ward Je 37:13 ; ב׳ הקרניםtwo-horned Dn 8:6 , 20 . b. ֵי ַבּ ֲעל: בּ׳ ְבּרִית
confederates Gn 14:13 ; ב׳ חציםarchers Gn 49:23 (poet.) ב׳ הפרשׁיםhorsemen 2
S 1:6 ; ב׳ שׁבועהconspirators Ne 6:18 ; ב׳ אספותmembers of assemblies; or well-
grouped sayings; or collectors (of wise sentences) Ec 12:11 .—On 2 S 6:2 v. II.
ַבּ ֲעלָה. ( ַבּעַלin Hex not J or P ; בעלLv 21:4 ἐξάπινα = כבלּעNu 4:20 :
Di ) ְבּ ֵאבֶל. Especially II. lord , specif. as divine name, † Baal. 1. without article:
במות בעלNu 22:41 (poet. Balaam); בעל פעורNu 25:3 , 5 ( E ) Dt 4:3 ( vid.
below). This divine name is not used elsewhere in Hex . It probably originated from
the sense of divine ownership, rather than sovereignty ( RS Sem 92 ). It seems to have
been used in Northern Israel = אדוןin the South. It was the special name of the God
of the Canaanites, Philistines, etc., = Babylonian ֵל
בּ, cf. Schr SK 1874, 335 ff.
In later
times scribes substituted בֹּשׁת
ֶ , in n.pr. ( = ירבשׁת ירבעל, אשׁבשׁת = אשׁבעל
, vid. בֹּשׁת
ֶ , Gei ZMG 1862, 728 ff
.), & also in the text for בעלHo 9:10 Je 11:13
(hence ἡ βάαλ Je 2:23 ; 7:9 ; 11:13 , 17 ; 19:5 Ho 2:10 ; 13:1 + , Rom 11:4 , see
Di Baal mit d. weib. Artikel , MBA 1881, June 16 Dr 2 S 4:4 ). 2. c. art. : ַל ַה ַבּעJu 2:13 ; 6:25 ,
( ×2 )
28 , 30 , 31 , 32 1 K 16:31 , 32 ; 18:19 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 ( ×2 ) , 40 ; 19:18
( ×2 )
; 22:54 2 K 3:2 ; 10:18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ( ×3 ) , 22 , 23 ( ×3 ) , 25 , 26 , 27 ( ×2 ) ,
† ַ ֫בּעַל גַּד n.pr.loc. Jos 11:17 ; 12:7 ; 13:5 ( D ), where Baal was worshipped as
) city on the border of Ephraim and Benjamin 2 S 13:23 , prob. = חצורNe 11:33 ;
? mod. Tell Asûr (with עRob BR ii. 264 doubtfully; cf. Survey ii. 298 (after de
Saulcy).
Tpg. Topography.
† ַ ֫בּעַל ְמעוֹן S 1186
GK 1260
n.pr.loc. Nu 32:38 1 Ch 5:8 Ez 25:9 = בית בעל
מעון Jos 13:17 ( cf. MI 30
) = Ma în Tristr Moab 316
Bd Pal. 192
Survey EP 176
.
† ַ ֫בּעַל צְפוֹן n.pr.loc. Ex 14:2 , 9 Nu 33:7 , near Red Sea in Egypt, prob. Mt.
GS 524
Atâka , Eb .
† ִשׁה
ָ ַבּעַל ָשׁל S 1190
GK 1264
n.pr.loc. 2 K 4:42 , place in Ephraim near Gilgal;
= Βαιθσαρισαθ Lag Onom. 239, 2nd ed. 250
c. 15 m. from Dispolis. ( ? ב׳n.pr. divin. )
† I. [ ָה
ַבּ ֲעלS 1172 , 1173 , 1180
TWOT 262b
GK 1266 , 1267
] n. f. 1. mistress , ַבּ ֲעלַת
ַה ַבּיִתmistress of the house 1 K 17:17 . 2. n. rel. אוב ב׳necromancer 1 S 28:7 ( ×2 )
; ב׳ כשׁפיםsorceress, Na 3:4 .
† ָת ַבּ ֲעלS 1191 GK 1272 n.pr.loc. Jos 19:44 1 K 9:18 2 Ch 8:6 , a city of Dan,
possibly Bal aîn Survey ii. 296 .
† בֵּל S 1078
TWOT 262c
GK 1155
n.pr. m. a chief Babylonian deity ( Bab. Bêlu
= ַבּעַל, lord; Bêl regarded as older form than ַבּעַלby Hpt Hbr i. 178; BAS i. 17 ) =
Merodach ( cf. ) מרדך, tutelary god of Babylon (to be distinguished from older Bêlu
, one of ancient Babylonian triad) Je 50:2 ( || ך
ְ ) מְרֹ ַד51:44 ; Is 46:1 ( || —) נְבֹו
Rel.Bab.
both writers of Babylonian period;—on Bel v. COT Gn 11:4 Ju 2:11 ; Say
103, 110
Jen Kosmologie 24, 134, 307, 391 .
† ְאשׁצַּר
ַ בֵּֽל S 1112 , 1113
GK 1157
n.pr. m. ( Bêl-šar-uṣur; , Bel protect the king
COT Dn 5:1 ) Dn 8:1 ; represented as king of Babylon, successor, and appar. son
of Nebucharezzar ( 5:1 , 2 , 11 etc.); in cuneif. inscr. known only as prince, son of
Nabonidus (last Shemitic king of Babylon), v. COT l.c.
. x, 9, 2 read ) בעלים.
† בְּעֹן S 1194
GK 1274
v. בית בעל מעןsub בית.
† ָא ַבּ ֲענS 1195 GK 1275 n.pr. m. ( ? בֶּן־ ָענָהson of distress ) — 1. name of two
officers of Solomon, a. 1 K 4:12 ; b. v 16 . 2. father (ancestor) of an Israelite of
Nehemiah’s time Ne 3:4 cf. foll.
† [ ִיר
ְבּעS 1165
TWOT 264a
GK 1248
] n. m. Ex 22:4 beasts, cattle , coll. (
NH id. , Aramaic id. , , Ethiopic etc., Sab. בער DHM ZMG 1876, 674; 1883, 329
; Arabic
of camel; also ass , etc., cf. Lane 227 a
; connexion with above √ obscure ) — sf.
ְבּעִירֹהEx 22:4 , ֵנוּ
ְבּעִירNu 20:4 , ְבּעִי ְרכֶםGn 45:17 , ְבּעִירָםNu 20:8 + 2
times;— beasts of burden Gn 45:17 (i.e. asses 44:3 , 13 ); elsewhere general, cattle
Ex 22:4 Nu 20:4 , 8 , 11 ψ 78:48 .
† II. [ ַר
ָבּעS 1197 , 1198
TWOT 263 , 264 , 264a , 264b
GK 1277 , 1278 , 1279 , 1280
] vb. denom.
be brutish — Qal Impf. יִ ְבעֲרוּJe 10:8 ( || ) יכסלוbe stupid, dull-hearted,
unreceptive; cf. Pt. pl. ִים בֹּ ֲערψ 94:8 ( || ;) כסיליםof inhuman, cruel,
barbarous men Ez 21:36 . Niph. Pf. ַר נִ ְבעJe 10:14 = 51:17 , נִ ְבעֲרוּJe 10:21 ;
Pt. ר֑ה
ָ נִ ְב ָעIs 19:11 ;— brutish, stupid Is 19:11 ( עצה, || ;) אוילdull-hearted ,
ignorant of God Je 10:14 , 21 ; 51:17 . Niph. Je 10:14 = 51:17 rather stupefied
(by spectacle 10:13 = 51:16 ). Pi. Pf. ֵר וּ ִבעconsec. Ex 22:4 feed, graze (
) בשׂדה אחר. Hiph. Impf. יַ ְבעֶר־ Ex 22:4 cause to be grazed over , sq. שׂדה.
† ַ ֫בּעַר S 1198
TWOT 264b
GK 1280
n. m. brutishness (only poet.)— abs. ב׳ ψ
ָ ֑בּעPr 12:1 ;—in combination, אִישׁ־ב׳brutish man ψ 92:7 ( ||
49:11 + 3 times, ַר
;) כסילelsewhere ב׳alone in same sense (concrete) ψ 49:11 ( || id. ), & as pred. =
adj. , ψ 73:22 Pr 12:1 ; 30:2 .
† ַבּ ֲערָא S 1199
GK 1281
n.pr. f. wife of a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:8 .
† בְּעוֹר S 1160
GK 1242
n.pr. m. ( a burning; torch ) — 1. father of Balaam
Nu 22:5 ; 31:8 Dt 23:5 Jos 13:22 ; 24:9 Mi 6:5 ; ְעֹר
בּNu 24:3 , 15 ( ב׳ ) בנו.
2. father of ַע
ֶבּל, a king of Edom Gn 36:32 = 1 Ch 1:43 .
† ֲשׂיָה
ֵ ַבּע S 1202
GK 1283
( ? = ֲשׂיָה
n.pr. m. ֵ ; ַמעso Thes ; cf. Dr Sm lxviii
)a
Levite 1 Ch 6:25 ;— cf. )ֲשׂיָה(וּ
ֵ ַמעsub עשׂה.
ְשׁא
ָ ַבּע S 1201 GK 1284 n.pr. m. a king of Israel 1 K 15:16 , 17 , 19 + 18 times 1
K 15–16 + 21:22 2 K 9:9 2 Ch 16:1 , 3 , 5 , 6 Je 41:9 .
† ֶשׁ ְתּרָה
ְ ְבּע S 1203
GK 1285
n.pr.loc. (? = = בֵּית עשׁתרהhouse of Ashtoreth ,
cf. sub ) ביתa Levitical city in Manasseh Jos 21:27 ; = ָרוֹת
ַשׁתּ
ְ ע1 Ch 6:56
†[ ָבּעַתS 1204
TWOT 265
GK 1286
] vb. fall upon, startle, terrify ( Arabic come
or happen suddenly , NH ָבּעַתHiph. startle; so Aramaic ְבּעֵתPa. Aph. ) — Niph. (late
prose) Pf. ַת נִ ְבע1 Ch 21:30 , נִ ְב ָע֑תEst 7:6 ; נִ ְב ַעתִּיDn 8:17 ;— be terrified , abs.
Dn 8:17 ; c. מפני1 Ch 21:30 Est 7:6 . Pi. (mostly poet.) Pf. 3 fs. sf. תנִי ְ ֑ ִבּ ֲע ָתIs
21:4 , ת֫תּוּ ַ וּ ִב ֲע1 S 16:14 ; 3 pl. sf. ִבּ ֲעתֻהוּJb 18:11 ; Impf. 3 fs. ְתּ ַבעֵתJb 13:11 ;
sf. ת֑נִּי
ַ ְתּ ַב ֲעJb 9:34 ; 13:21 , ְתּ ַב ֲע ֶת֑ ָךּJb 33:7 ; 2 ms. sf. ְתּ ַב ֲע ַת֑נּיJb 7:14 ; 3 mpl.
sf. ֲתוּנִי יְ ַבעψ 18:5 = יְ ַב ֲע ֻתנִי2 S 22:5 , יְ ַב ֲעתֻהוּJb 3:5 ; 15:24 ;— 1. fall upon 1 S
16:14 , 15 ( fem. ptcp. c. suff. ך ָ ְמ ַב ִע ֶתּin v 15 ); overwhelm Jb 3:5 ( cf. לקחv 6
) 9:34 ; 13:11 ( || ) פחד נפל עלv 21 ( cf. || ) 15:24 ( || ) תקף18:11 ( || ) הפיץ
33:7 ( || ) כבד עלIs 21:4 ; assail ψ 18:5 = 2 S 22:5 . 2. terrify Jb 7:14 ( || ) חתת.
† [ ִים
בִּעוּתS 1161
TWOT 265b
GK 1243
] n. m. pl. terrors, alarms , occasioned
by God הּ
ַ אֱלוֹ בִּעוּתֵי Jb 6:4 ( || ַי
ַשׁדּ בִּעוּתֶי ָך ;) ִחצֵּי ψ 88:17 ( || ך
ָ ) חֲרוֹנֶי.
בֹּץ S 1206
TWOT 268a
GK 1288
v. בצץ.
† ֵבּ ָצ֑י n.pr. m. Ne 10:19 one of the chiefs of the people; Ezr 2:17 Ne 7:23 ְבּנֵי
ב׳i.e. a family.
בצלTWOT 266
( strip, strip off , Ethiopic 1. 2; Arabic appar. denom. )
† [ ָל
ָבּצS 1211
TWOT 266a
GK 1294
] n. m. onion ( NH ָבּצֵלor ֶ ֫בּצֶל, Arabic ,
Ethiopic Aramaic ָא
בּוּ ְצל, ) — ְבּ ָצלִיםNu 11:5 ( וְאֶת־הַבּ׳ וְאֵת־הַשּׁוּמִים אֵת
ִשּׁאִים וְאֵת ָה ֲא ַב ִטּחִים וְאֶת־ ֶה ָחצִיר
ֻ ) ַהקּ.
† ַבּצְלוּת S 1213
GK 1296
n.pr. m. ( stripping ) —head of Isr. fam. at return from
exile; בני־ב׳Ezr 2:52 = Ne 7:54 Kt ; ִית ַבּ ְצלNe 7:54 Qr .
†[ ָבּצַעS 1214
TWOT 267
GK 1298
] vb. cut off, break off, gain by violence ( so
NH , Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic ַע
— ) ְבּצQal Impf. יִ ְב ָצ֑עJb 27:8 , יִ ְב ָצ֑עוּJo 2:8 ;
Imv. sf. ( ְבּ ַצ֫עַם בְּרֹאשׁK 3 ) Am 9:1 ; Inf. בְּצֹ ַעEz 22:27 ; Pt. בּוֹ ֵצ ַעPr 15:27
Je 6:13 , ע
ַ בֹּ ֵצψ 10:3 + 3 times;— cut off, break off ( c. acc. capitals of pillars) Am
9:1 (but Lag Prov. v, vi ַם
ְבּזַעַם = ְבּ ַצעHb 3:12 in wrath ); so fig. Jb 27:8 when Eloah
cutteth off, draweth out, his soul; obj. om. their course , i.e. stop Jo 2:8 ( cf. Hi - St );
usually gain by violence or in gen. wrongfully Ez 22:27 ; Pt. abs. ψ 10:3 = greedy
getter, robber; & c. acc. cogn. ַע ֶ ֫בּצPr 1:19 ; 15:27 Je 6:13 ; 8:10 Hb 2:9 . Pi. Pf.
ִבּצַּע La 2:17 ; Impf. יְ ַבצַּעIs 10:12 ; sf. יְ ַב ְצּ ֵענִיIs 38:12 Jb 6:9 ; 2 fs. וַ ְתּ ַב ְצּעִיEz
22:12 ; 3 fpl ענָה ְ ֑ ְתּ ַב ָצּZc 4:9 ;— cut off , ( dis ) sever (i.e. from life) Jb 6:9 cf. Is
38:12 ( ָה = ;) ִמ ַדּלּfinish, complete Is 10:12 Zc 4:9 ; accomplish ( = carry out, fulfil)
La 2:17 ( obj. ;) אמרתוviolently make gain of , obj. pers. Ez 22:12 (instr. ) בּעשׁק.
בצץTWOT 268
(? cf. Arabic be , i.e. one soft, tender, impressible in body, etc. )
† בֹּץ S 1206
TWOT 268a
GK 1288
n. [ m. ] mire Je 38:22 .
† ִבּצָּה S 1207
TWOT 268b
GK 1289
n. f. swamp , Jb 8:11 as place where rushes
grow, cf. 40:21 ; ת֯ו
ָ ( בִּצֹּאCo ) ובצותיו pl. sf. Ez 47:11 ( || ָאָיו
) וּגְב.
† בּוֹצֵץ S 949
GK 1010
n.pr.loc. a rock by Michmash 1 S 14:4 ;— Βωσης Lag
Onom. 238, 2nd ed. 250
.
†[ ָבּצַרS 1219
TWOT 270
GK 1305 , 1307 , 1308
] vb. cut off, make inaccessible
(especially by fortifying), enclose ( NH id. , Aramaic ַר ְבּצ, (Pa. diminish, subtract ),
perhaps cf. Arabic side, edge , , etc., rough stone , land in wh. are sharp stones ( cf.
Lane ) ) — Qal Impf. ְצֹר יִבψ 76:13 ; 2 ms. ִתּבְצֹרLv 25:5 Dt 24:21 , וַיִּ ְבצְרוּJu
9:27 , ְרוּ
ִתּ ְבצLv 25:11 ; Pt. act. בּוֹצֵרJe 6:9 , בֹּֽ ְצרִיםJe 49:9 Ob 5 ; pass. m.
בָּצוּרZc 11:2 Kt ( Qr ) ָבּצִיר, f. בְּצוּרָהIs 2:15 + 3 times + Ez 21:25 v. infr. ;
pl. f. ְצוּרוֹת בּEz 36:35 , ְבּצֻרוֹתNu 13:28 + 14 times, בְּצוּרֹתDt 1:28 Ne 9:25 ,
ְבּצֻרֹתDt 3:5 ; 9:1 ;— cut off , grape-clusters, ענביםLv 25:5 , cf. v 11 ( obj. נזיר
), Dt 24:21 Ju 9:27 ( obj. in both, ;) כרםhence Pt. act. grape-gathering, -gatherer
Je 6:9 ; 49:6 Ob 5 ; fig. cut off ( = take away) ψ 76:13 ( obj. ;) רוח נגידיםmost
often Pt. pass. cut off, made inaccessible , De Is 2:15 = fortified , always f. ;
generally adj. c. עיר, ; עריםNu 13:28 Dt 1:28 ; 3:5 ; 9:1 Jos 14:12 2 S 20:6 2
K 18:13 = Is 36:1 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 2 Ch 17:2 ; 19:5 ; 32:1 ; 33:14 Ne 9:25
Is 25:2 ; 27:10 Ez 36:35 Ho 8:14 Zp 1:16 ; rarely c. חומהDt 28:52 Is 2:15 Je
15:20 ; הב׳ יער Zc 11:2 (read Kt ); once, subst. of secrets, mysteries ( = unatainable
things) Je 33:3 ;— ב׳Ez 21:25 Sm Co בְּתוֹכָהּ, doubtless right. Niph. Impf.
יִ ָבּצֵרbe withheld Gn 11:6 ( ) ֵמהֶם, Jb 42:2 (ך
ָ ) ִמ ְמּ. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. ְתּ ַבצֵּר Je 51:53
fortify; so Inf. ֵר ְל ַבּצIs 22:10 .
† I. ָה
ָבּ ְצרS 1223 , 1224
TWOT 270b
GK 1312 , 1313
n. f. enclosure , i.e. (sheep-)fold
, ב׳ צאן Mi 2:12 .
Talm ?Talmud.
† ִבּצָּרוֹן S 1225
TWOT 270c
GK 1315
n. [ m. ] stronghold , ְב׳
לZc 9:12 .
† ָבּצִיר S 1210
TWOT 270f
GK 1292 , 1293
n. m. Lv 26:5 vintage ( cf. — ) ָבּצַר
ָבּצִירLv 26:5 + 4 times + Zc 11:2 Qr (but read בצורKt ); cstr. ְבּצִיר Ju 8:2 ;
sf. ך
ְ ְבּצִי ֵרJe 48:32 ;— vintage , lit. Lv 26:5 ( ×2 )
Ju 8:2 Is 32:10 Je 48:32 ; in
simile Is 24:13 Mi 7:1 ; Zc 11:2 read ( בצורKt ) and cf. sub ַר
ָבּצ.
ַבּקְבּוּק S 1227
GK 1317
, ֻק
ַבּ ְקבּS 1228
TWOT 273a
GK 1318
v. sub בקק.
† ִי
ֻבּקּS 1231 GK 1321 n.pr. m. ( id. ) — 1. a Danite chief Nu 34:22 . 2. a
descendant of Aaron 1 Ch 5:31 ( ×2 ) ; 6:31 Ezr 7:4 .
† ָבּקַעS 1234
TWOT 271
GK 1324
vb. cleave, break open or through ( NH id. ,
MI 15
מבקע השחרתfrom break of dawn; Aramaic ; ְבּקַעcf. Ethiopic profit, be useful ,
orig. findere, aperire , Di ) — Qal Pf. ַע ָבּקψ 78:13 , בָּֽ ְקעָהIs 34:15 , ָבּ ַק ְע ָתּNe 9 ;
11 ψ 74:15 , ֫תּ ָ וּבָֽ ַק ְעEz 29:7 ; Impf. וַיְִּבקַעJu 15:19 Is 48:21 , וַיְִּבקְעוּ2 S 23:16
= 1 Ch 11:18 , ה ָ וַיְִּבקָעוּ2 Ch 21:17 ; Imv. וּ ְב ָקעֵהוּEx 14:16 ; Inf. cstr. sf. ִבּ ְקעָם
Am 1:13 2 Ch 32:1 ; Pt. act. ע ַ בּוֹ ֵקIs 63:12 Ec 10:9 , בֹּ ֵק ַעψ 141:7 ;— 3. cleave,
cleave open , sq. acc. Ju 15:19 God cleft open the hollow ( ֵשׁ ) ַה ַמּ ְכתּ, and water came
out, cf. Is 48:21 ( obj. ) צוּר, also ψ 74:15 bring forth by cleaving , obj. עיָן ְ וָנָ ַ ֑חל ַמ,
all three of divine operation; cleave or rip open pregnant women Am 1:13 ; of a broken
staff, tearing the shoulder Ez 29:7 (but read ַף כּhand for ָכּתֵף, B Sm (?) Co );
cleave wood Ec 10:9 ( || בנִים
ָ ֲא ;) ַמסִּי ַעof ploughing (furrowing) the earth ψ 141:7 ( ||
; פֹּ ֵל ַחin sim. ); especially of dividing the sea, Ex 14:16 ( P ) Ne 9:11 ψ 78:13 , cf.
Is 63:12 , obj. —; ַמיִםin all these subj. י׳except Ex 14:16 where he commands Moses;
of hatching out (a brood, but no obj. expr.) Is 34:15 , subj. ִפּוֹז
קarrow-snake . 4. break
through or into , sq. ְבּ 2 S 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:18 ; sq. acc. 2 Ch 21:17 וַיַּעֲלוּ
; בִיהוּדָה וַּיְִּבקָעוּ ָהalso 32:1 , obj. suff. ref. to cities, ָיו
ֵאל
ויאמר ְל ִב ְקעָםand he
thought to break into them and so bring them unto himself . Niph. Pf. ַע נִ ְבקJb 26:8 Zc
14:4 ( ְ וconsec. ); ְעוּ נִ ְבקGn 7:11 Is 35:6 , נִ ְב ָק֑עוּ2 Ch 25:11 Pr 3:20 ; Impf. יִָבּקַע
Is 58:8 , ע ַ ֑ יִָבּ ֵקJb 32:19 ; 3 fs. ִתּ ָבּקַעIs 59:5 , וַ ִתּ ָבּקַעNu 16:31 + 3 times; Inf. cstr.
ְל ִה ָבּ ֵק ַעEz 30:16 ;— 1. be cleft, rent open , subj. the ground, הָֽ ֲא ָדמָהNu 16:31 ( J ),
הָאָרֶץ1 K 1:40 (hyperb.) mountain Zc 14:4 ; burst open , of men hurled from rock 2
Ch 25:12 ; of cloud beneath its weight of water Jb 26:8 ; hyperb. of belly full of words
seeking a vent, Jb 32:19 like new wine-skins it will burst open; so of the water-
receptacles ( ) מעינותof the great deep, at the flood Gn 7:11 , of the water-masses
themselves, תהומותPr 3:20 , מים ונחליםIs 35:6 ; also of the Red Sea, ְעוּ המים וַיִָּבּק
Ex 14:21 ; of light breaking forth Is 58:8 ( fig. ); of serpent’s egg hatching out as a viper
Is 59:5 הַזּוּרֶה ִתּ ָבּקַע ֶא ְפעֶה. 2. be broken into , of city captured by breaches in walls 2
K 25:4 = Je 52:7 , Ez 30:16 . Pi. Pf. ע ַ ִבּ ֵקּ2 K 15:16 Jb 28:10 , וּ ִב ַקּ ְע ִ ֫תּיEz 13:13 ,
ִבּ ֵקּ֑עוּIs 59:5 ; Impf. יְַבקַּעψ 78:15 , וַיְַבקַּעGn 22:3 ; 3 fs. ְתּ ַב ֵקּ ַעEz 13:11 ,
ְתּ ַב ְקּעֵםHo 13:8 ; 2 ms. ְתּ ַבקַּע־Hb 3:9 , ְתּ ַב ֵקּ֑ ַע2 K 8:12 ; 2 fpl. וַ ְתּ ַב ַקּ ְענָה2 K
2:24 ;— cleave, cut to pieces , or rend open (often more complete or more violent than
Qal), sq. acc. , of cleaving wood Gn 22:3 i.e. cut it up for burning, so 1 S 6:14 ; of
ripping open pregnant women 2 K 8:12 ; 15:16 ; of tearing in pieces children 2 K 2:24 ;
cf. also Ho 13:8 ( fig. ); of cleaving open rocks, to bring forth water ψ 78:15 (subj
God); of cutting mining-shafts Jb 28:10 ִים בּ׳ נְהָרוֹת ְתּ ַבקַּע־אָ֑רֶץ ; בַּצּוּרוֹת יְאֹרHb
3:9 into rivers thou cleavest ( the ) earth; break through or down (a wall, but no obj.
expr.), Ez 13:11 ע ַ ֑( רוּ ַח ְסעָרוֹת ְתּ ַב ֵקּbut Co ) ִתּ ָבּ ֵק ַע, cf. v 13 ְסעָרוֹת ַבּ ֲח ָמתִי
וּ ִב ַקּ ְעתִּי רוּ ַחof hatching eggs Is 59:5 ( ִבּ ֵקּ֑עוּ בֵּיצֵי ִצפְעוֹנִיfig. ) Pu. Impf. יְֻב ָקּ֑עוּHo
14:1 ; Pt. ָה ְמ ֻב ָקּעEz 26:10 , ְמ ֻב ָקּעִיםJos 9:4 ;— be ripped open , of women Ho 14:1
( vb. of masc. form); rent , of old wine-skins Jos 9:4 ; broken into , of a city in whose
walls a breach has been made Ez 26:10 . Hiph. Impf. 1 pl. sf. ענָּה ֶ וְנַ ְב ִקIs 7:6 ; Inf.
cstr. ע
ַ ְל ַה ְבקִי2 K 3:26 ;— break into , sq. sf. ref. to Judah, Is 7:6 ונב׳ ֵאלֵינוּlet us
break into it , lay it open, and so bring it unto ourselves ( cf. Qal 2 Ch 32:1 ); break
through ( abs. ) with sword, ע ַ אֶל־ ֶמ ֶל ְך אֱדוֹם שֹׁלֵף ֶחרֶב ְל ַה ְבקִי2 K 3:26 . Hoph. Pf.
3 fs. ָה ְב ְקעָה ָהעִיר Je 39:2 the city was broken into , entrance was made by a breach.
Hithp. Pf. קּ֑עוּ Jos 9:13 , Impf. קּ֑עוּ
ָ ִה ְת ַבּ ָ יִתְבּMi 1:4 ;— burst ( themselves ) open , of
wine-skins Jos 9:13 ; cleave asunder , of valleys Mi 1:4 .
† ֶ ֫בּקַע S 1235
TWOT 271a
GK 1325
n. [ m. ] fraction, half , i.e. half-shekel, a
weight; ָלוֹ
ִשׁק
ְמ ֶבּקַע Gn 24:22 , cf. Hesychius in Lag Ges. Abh. 199, 1. 18
βακαίον [ Lag
βέκαον ] μέτρον τι ; v. also ַע
ֶבּקEx 38:26 ( = ַשּׁקֶל
ֶ ) ַמ ֲחצִית ה.
†[ע
ַ ְבּקִי, ָבּקִי ַעS 1233
TWOT 271c
GK 1323
] n. [ m. ] fissure, breach , Am
6:11 ְבּ ִקעִים, into which the small house is to be smitten ( || ְבּקִיעֵי ;) ְרסִיסִים
עִיר־ ָדּוִדIs 22:9 .
† I. [ ַק
ָבּקS 1238
TWOT 272 , 273
GK 1327 , 1328
] vb. be luxuriant ( Arabic be
profuse, abundant ( v. especially Conjj. I. IV , Lane ) — Qal Pt. בֹּקֵקluxuriant
Ho 10:1 ( fig. of Isr. as vine).
† II. [ ַק
ָבּקS 1238
TWOT 272 , 273
GK 1327 , 1328
] vb. empty ( cf. probably Arabic
make a gurgling noise , of a mug dipped in water, or emptied of water ) — Qal Pf.
וּבַקֹּתִי Je 19:7 , ָקוּם
ְבּקNa 2:3 ; Pt. בּוֹקֵק Is 24:1 , ִים
בֹּ ֲקקNa 2:3 empty, lay
waste land, acc. , Is 24:1 Na 2:3 , also abs. v 3 ; fig. make void ( obj. ) ֵעצָה Je
19:7 . Niph. Pf. ( וְנָֽ ְבקָהcf. Ges § 67 dd
תִּבּוֹקIs 24:3 ;
) Is 19:3 ; Impf. 3 fs.
Inf. abs. ִבּוֹק הIs 24:3 ;— be emptied (laid waste) Is 24:3 הִבּוֹק תִּבּוֹק, of land ( ||
;) תִּבּוֹז הִבּוֹזfig. of spirit, courage Is 19:3 . Po. Impf. יְבקֲקוּJe 51:2 empty out
(devastate) land.
Jes Jesaias.
course it runs S. to N., hence (W.) border of Ammon, Dt 3:16 ( cf. 2:37 ), Jos 12:2
; mod. Wady Zerqa Bd Pal. 181 .
†[ ָבּקַרS 1239
TWOT 274
GK 1329
] vb. inquire, seek ( NH id. , Aramaic ַר
ְבּק, ;
also Ethiopic in deriv.; orig. divide, discern , cf. Arabic slit, rip, split ) —only Pi. Pf. 1
s. sf. וּ ִב ַקּ ְרתִּיםconsec. Ez 34:11 ; Impf. יְַבקֵּרLv 13:36 ; 27:33 , ֲא ַבקֵּרEz 34:12 ;
Inf. cstr. ֵר ְל ַבקּ2 K 16:15 + 2 times;— seek, look for , sq. ְלLv 13:36 ; seek (to
distinguish) sq. ַע בֵּין־טוֹב ָלרLv. 27:33 ; seek (in order to care for) sq. acc. צֹאןEz
34:11 ( || ) דרשׁv 12 , fig. of י׳seeking his people; contemplate , sq. בּ ְ ψ 27:4 ( ||
;) ָחזָה ְבּconsider, reflect , abs. Pr 20:25 אַחַר נְ ָדרִיםi.e. whether the vows were wise,
or should be kept ( cf. Str ad loc. & reff.); cf. perhaps 2 K 16:15 consider (what shall
be done with the old altar); look at Klo , (so ֵר
ְל ַבקּ1 K 3:21 f or 2nd ) בַּבֹּקֶר, AV RV
to inquire by , S for praying; perhaps denoting some religious service to be performed
by king himself, cf. especially RS Sem i.467 .
ָבּקָר S 1241
TWOT 274a
GK 1330
182 n. m. 1 K 5:3 + ( f. Gn 33:13 ; Jb 1:14 cf.
Dt 32:14 2 S 17:29 ) cattle, herd, ox ( Arabic , Aramaic ָא
ַבּ ְקר, ַבּ ְק ְרתָא, ( cf.
also Hom NS 222 ff.
); name from ploughing , so Thes Lag BN 51
al. ) — abs. בּ׳
Gn 12:16 + ; cstr. ְבּקַר ְבּקָֽ ְר ָךGn 45:10 + ; ֑ ְבּ ָק ֶר ָךEx 20:24 Je
Nu 7:88 ; sf.
5:17 ; ָרוֹ ְבּק1 S 11:7 2 S 12:4 ; ְבּ ַק ְרכֶםDt 12:6 ; ְבּ ָקרָםJe 3:24 + ; pl. ְבּ ָקרִים
Am 6:12 ( al. read ) בקר ים2 Ch 4:3 (but read ִים ְפּ ָקעv. || 1 K 7:24 infr. ); sf.
ְבּ ָקרֵינוּNe 10:37 ; read בקריכםfor בחוריכם1 S 8:16 We Dr ;— 1. mostly
coll. a. cattle , generic (never pl. in form) Gn 12:16 ; 13:5 ; 20:14 ; 21:27 ; 24:35
Lv 1:2 Dt 8:13 1 S 11:5 Ho 5:6 Jo 1:18 1 Ch 27:29 ( ×2 ) + often (frequently ||
;) צֹאןas grazing, 1 Ch 27:29 + ; in sim. כַּבּ׳Jb 40:15 Is 11:7 ; 65:25 ; as
lowing ( ַבּ׳
ה ) קוֹל 1 S 15:14 ; ָר
ָבק
ִמ ְקנֵהpossession of (i.e. property in) cattle Gn
6:14 ; 47:17 (both J ); ֵי ב׳ ֶע ְדרJo 1:18 herds of cattle; especially בֶּן־ ָבּקָרson of
cattle (i.e. belonging to the ) בקר, to denote a single ox, calf, etc.; as used for food
Gn 18:7 cf. v 8 ( J )—in these prob. = calf ( v also 1 S 14:32 ָר ;) ָבּקָר וּ ְבנֵי ָבק
usually for sacrifice ( Hex only P ) Nu 15:8 , 9 ; ַבּ׳ בֶּן־הLv 1:5 ; appos. † ֵעגֶלLv
9:2 ;— cf. ָר † ֶעְגלַת ָבּקDt 21:3 1 S 16:2 Is 7:21 ;—mostly appos. פַּרEx 29:1 +
27 times; also pl. † ִים בני בקר ָפּרNu 28:11 , 19 , 27 ; 29:13 , 17 (on all these
cf. ֵן
;) בּalso indef. cattle, oxen , of a number not specified Nu 7:87 , 88 (in both
enumerated as ִים ;) ָפּר22:40 1 S 14:32 ; 15:21 1 K 1:9 ; 7:29 ( ×2 ) (here of
† בּוֹקֵר S 951
TWOT 274b
GK 1012
n. m. denom. herdsman Am 7:14 ; of Amos
himself, cf. ֲשׁר־ ָהיָה בַנֹּ ְקדִים
ֶא 1:1 .
֫
בֹּקֶר S 1242
TWOT 274c
GK 1331 , 1332
214 n. m. Ex 10:13 morning ( NH id. ;
from split, penetrate , as the dawn the darkness, light through cloud-rifts, etc. ) — ב׳
Gn 1:5 + (always abs. ); pl. ִים ְבּ ָקרJb 7:18 + 4 times;— 1. morning (of point of
time, time at which, never during which, Eng. morning = forenoon):— a. of end of
night ( opp. ָה ) ַליְלEx 10:13 ( J ) Lv 6:2 ( P ) Ju 19:25 Ru 3:13 ( ×2 ) Is 21:12
cf. 1 S 19:11 ( || מחר, opp. ;) לילה opp. לֵילוֹת ψ 92:3 ; also ( opp. ) לוּן Ex
23:18 ; 34:25 (both JE) Lv 19:13 ( H ) Dt 16:4 ; opp. צלמותAm 5:8 ; cf.
further Gn 40:6 ; 41:8 (both E ) Ex 12:22 ; 34:2 ( ×2 ) (both JE) 1 S 3:15 + . † b.
implying the coming of dawn, and even daylight Gn 29:25 ( E ) 44:3 ( J ) 1 K 3:21
(but Klo here for 2nd ֶר
בַּבֹּק, reads ְל ַבקֵּרby looking at it v. ) ָבּקַרJb 24:17 ;
38:12 ( || ַר
הַבּ׳ ;) ַשׁח ִלפְנוֹת Ex 14:27 (JE) at the turn of the morning , so Ju 19:26
ַשּׁ֑ח
( || ַר ָה ַבּעֲלוֹתv 25 ; sq. עַד־הָאוֹר, as something later, v 26 ); vid. Ru 3:14
֯
( || בטרום יכיר אישׁ את רעהו before men could recognise each other ); cf. ֵי
כּוֹ ְכב
בֹקֶרJb 38:7 stars of morning; but also c. אוֹרvb. Gn 44:3 ( J ) ; הבקר אורc.
אורnoun, באור הבקרMi 2:1 ; & especially עד אור הבקרJu 16:2 ( opp. ) לילה
so 1 S 14:36 ; also 1 S 25:22 , 34 , 36 2 S 17:22 2 K 7:9 ; cf. 1 S 29:10 ( ||
) וְאוֹר ָלכֶם. † c. of coming of sunrise Ju 9:33 2 S 23:4 ( ×2 ) 2 K 3:22 cf. מוֹ ָצאֵי
ב׳ וערבψ 65:9 i.e. places of sunrise and sunset ( || קְצוֹתi.e. ends of earth). d. of
beginning of day, ָה מֵאָז הַבּ׳ וְעַד־ ַעתּRu 2:7 ( cf. v 14 ) vid. 2 S 24:15 (but
del. We Dr ); time of prayer, & praise ψ 5:4 ( ×2 ) ( v Hu) 50:17 ; 88:14 ; 92:3 ; ||
צהריםnoon 1 K 18:26 Je 20:16 ; of three hours of prayer, ערב ובקר וצהריםψ
55:18 ( cf. Dn 6:10 , 13 ); cf. also c. ֶב
ֶערinfr. e. opp. ֶערֶבGn 49:27 (poem
in J ) Ex 16:7 , 8 , 12 , 13 Lv 6:13 Nu 9:21 (all P ) Dt 28:67 ( ×2 ) 2 S 11:14 1
K 17:6 Is 17:14 Zp 3:3 Ez 24:18 ( ×2 ) ; 33:22 Dn 8:26 ψ 30:6 ; 90:5 , 6 Ec
11:6 1 Ch 16:40 2 Ch 2:3 ; 13:11 ; 31:3 Ezr 3:3 Est 2:14 opp. ֵין הערבים בּ
Ex 29:39 , 41 Nu 28:4 , 8 (all P ); especially עד־הערב מן־הבקר = all day Ex
18:13 & (without art.) v 14 (both E ); ֶבּ
ָל ֶער מבקר Jb 4:20 = between morning
and evening; also ֶר
עַד־בֹּק ֵמ ֶערֶב = all night , Ex 27:21 ( P ) Lv 24:3 ( H ) Nu
9:21 & ַד־בּ׳ ָבּ ֶערֶב עNu 9:15 (both P ); note also the formula וַיְהִי ערב ויהי בקר
and evening came and then morning Gn 1:5 , 8 , 13 , 19 , 23 , 31 (all P ), i.e. the
day ended with evening, and the night with morning; peculiar is Dn 8:14 of om. of
daily sacrif. ֵאוֹת
וּשׁלשׁ מ ְ עַד ֶערֶב בֹּקֶר אַ ְל ַפּיִם, until 2300 evening-mornings ,
prob. = 2300 half-days ( Ew Hi Meinh Bev Dr Intr. 464 , cf. v 26 & 3½ times
(years) 7:25 ; 12:11 , 17 ). f. often (above & elsewhere) c. prep. ( + art. except Jb
7:18 ); in the morning , ֶר בַּבֹּקGn 19:27 + 110 times, cf. also ִבּהְיֹת הַבּ׳Ex
19:16 ; in (or at ) the morning , ַבּ׳
לAm 4:4 + 7 times; for ( against or by ) the
morning , ַבּ׳
לEx 34:2 cf. ψ 130:6 ( cf. Che crit. n. ); nearly = until ( ) עַד־Ex
34:25 Dt 16:4 Zp 3:3 ; further ַבּ׳
בַּבּ׳ בּmorning by morning, every morning † Ex
16:21 ; 30:7 ; 36:3 Lv 6:5 (all P ) 2 S 13:4 1 Ch 23:30 2 Ch 13:11 Is 28:19 ;
50:4 Ez 46:13 , 14 , 15 Zp 3:5 also ַבּ׳ לַבּ׳ ל, same sense, † 1 Ch 9:27 ; † pl.
ַל ְבּ ָקרִיםevery m. afresh ψ 73:14 Is 33:2 cf. La 3:23 ; alm. = continually ψ
101:8 ( cf. Je 21:12 ); v. ִים † ִל ְב ָקרJb 7:18 ( || ִל ְרגָעִיםevery moment ; also
without prep. or art. in the morning Ho 7:6 cf. ψ 5:4 ( ×2 ) ψ 55:18 , d. supr. , &
sub 2 g. fig. of bright joy after night of distress (poet.) Jb 11:17 ; cf. ψ 30:6 ; 46:6
( ְנוֹת בּ׳ ) ִלפ49:15 ; 59:17 ; 90:14 ; 143:8 . h. in phrases, ִשׁכִּים בַּבּ׳ ְ ַשׁכֵּם ( ה
ְ וַיּ
etc.) he rose early in the mornig † Gn 19:27 ; 20:8 ; 21:14 ; 22:3 ; 26:31 ; 28:18 ;
32:1 Ex 8:16 ; 9:13 ; 24:4 ; 34:4 Nu 14:40 Jos 3:1 ; 6:12 ; 7:16 ; 8:10 (all JE)
Ju 6:28 ; 19:5 , 8 1 S 1:19 ; 5:4 cf. 15:12 , 17:20 ; 29:10 ( ×2 ) cf. v 11 , 2 K
3:22 ; 19:35 = Is 37:36 , 2 Ch 20:20 Jb 1:5 Pr 27:14 Is 5:11 ; ( ויקומוetc.)
† בַּבּ׳ ויקםGn 24:54 Nu 22:13 , 21 (all JE) Ju 19:27 ; 20:19 2 S 24:11 1 K
3:21 ; ַבּ׳
אַשׁמֹרֶת ה
ְ morning watch † Ex 14:24 1 S 11:11 . 2. morrow, next day (
cf. Germ. Morgen, morgen ) without art. Ex 16:19 , 20 Lv 7:15 ; 22:30 ( opp.
Meinh J. Meinhold.
Bev A. A. Bevan.
) הַיּוֹם הַהוּא Nu 16:5 ( || ָר
ָמחv 7 , 16 ) cf. Ex 12:10 ( ×2 )
Nu 9:12 ; with art.
Ex 16:23 , 24 ; 29:34 ; ַבּ׳
לEx 34:25 Nu 22:41 Zp 3:3 ; בַּבּ׳1 S 9:19 ( opp.
הַיּוֹםto-day ) cf. 20:35 ; to-morrow morning ַבּ׳
הJu 6:31 ( Stu ); בַּבּ׳Ex 7:15 Jos
7:14 Est 5:14 ; definitely ָת בַּבּ׳ ִממָּֽ ֳחר1 S 5:4 ; ֵמהַבּ׳2 S 2:27 ; adverb. use in this
sense (without prep. or art.) Ex 16:7 Nu 16:5 .
† [ ָה
ַבּ ָקּרS 1243
TWOT 274d
GK 1333
] n. f. verbal. a seeking , ֶעדְרוֹ ְכּ ַב ָקּרַת
רֹעֶה Ez 34:12 like a shepherd’s seeing his flock .
† בִּקֹּ֫רֶת S 1244
TWOT 274e
GK 1334
n. f. punishment after examination (
†[ ָבּקַשׁS 1245
TWOT 276
GK 1335
] 224 vb. seek ( Ph.
— ) בקשPi. Pf. ִבּקֵּשׁ
Dt 13:11 + 15 times; ְשׁה ָ ִבּקEx 7:28 Est 2:15 ; sf. ְשׁתַם ָ ִבּקHo 2:9 ; ַשׁתִּיו
ְ ִבּקּCt 3:1
, 2 cf. 5:6 ; ְשׁוּ ִבּקEzr 2:62 + 12 times; sf. ְשׁנִי
ֻ ִבּקIs 65:1 + 2 times; Impf. יְַבקֵּשׁ
Jos 22:23 + 37 times; ֶשׁ־ יְַבקּPr 15:14 + 2 times; ְשׁהָ ֲא ַבקψ 122:9 + 3 times, sf.
ְשׁהוּ
ֵ יְַבק1 S 23:14 + 7 times; יְַבקְשׁוּ1 S 16:16 + 23 times; Imv. ַבּקֵּשׁ1 S 9:3 + 3
times ְשׁוּ ; ַבּקּ1 S 28:7 + 8 times; Inf. ְל ַבקֵּשׁ1 S 10:2 + 29 times; Pt. ְמ ַבקֵּשׁGn
37:16 + 23 times; pl. ְשׁים ִ ְמ ַבקEx 10:11 + 38 times;— 1. seek to find: a. abs. Ju
6:29 2 K 2:17 Je 5:1 Ez 34:6 Ec 3:6 ; 8:17 (yet v. Ew ). b. acc. Gn 37:15 , 16
Jos 2:22 ( J ) Ju 4:22 ; 14:4 1 S 9:3 ; 10:2 , 14 , 21 ; 16:16 1 S 23:14 , 25 ; 24:3 ;
26:2 ; 27:1 , 4 + 26:20 obj. a flea , but read ְשׁי ִ נַפ Th We Kirkp Klo Dr ; 2
S 17:3 , 20 1 K 1:3 ; 2:40 ; 18:10 2 K 2:16 ; 6:19 1 Ch 4:39 2 Ch 22:9 Ezr 2:62 (
= Ne 7:64 ) Ne 12:27 ψ 37:25 , 36 ; 119:176 Pr 2:4 ; 21:6 ; 23:35 ; 7:28 Ct 3:1 ,
2 ; 5:6 ; 6:1 Is 41:12 , 17 Je 2:24 , 33 La 1:11 Ez 7:25 ; 22:30 ; 34:4 , 16 Ho 2:9
Na 3:11 Zc 11:16 Mal 2:15 Ec 3:15 . c. with ל ְ Jb 10:6 . d. acc. rei ְלpers. Ju
18:1 1 S 13:14 ; 28:7 1 K 1:2 Ru 3:1 Est 2:2 ψ 122:9 Is 40:20 La 1:19 Na 3:7 .
2. seek to secure: a. acc. the priesthood Nu 16:10 ( P ); David for king 2 S 3:17 ; in
battle 2 S 5:17 ( = 1 Ch 14:8 ); ψ 27:4 Je 45:5 ( cf. v 5 ); בקשׁ נפשׁseek to take
one’s life Ex 4:19 ( J ) 1 S 20:1 ; 22:23 ( ×2 ) ; 23:15 ; 25:29 2 S 4:8 ; 16:11 1 K
19:10 , 14 ψ 35:4 ; 38:13 ; 40:15 ; 54:5 ; 63:10 ; 70:3 ; 86:14 Pr 29:10 Je 4:30 ;
11:21 ; 19:7 , 9 ; 21:7 ; 22:25 ; 34:20 , 21 ; 38:16 ; 44:30 ( ×2 ) ; 46:26 ; 49:37 . b.
aim at, practise: בקשׁ רעהseek hurt of Nu 35:23 ( P ) 1 S 24:10 ; 25:26 ( ֶל )א1K
20:7 ψ 71:13 , 24 Est 9:2 ; כזב ב׳ ψ 4:3 cf. Pr 17:11 , שׁברPr 17:19 , רצוןPr
AE Aben Ezra.
Kirkp A. F. Kirkpatrick.
11:27 , טובהNe 2:10 , אמונהJe 5:1 , צדק, ענוהZp 2:3 שׁלוםψ 34:15 , חכמה
( ×2 )
Pr 14:6 Ec 7:25 , בינהDn 8:15 , דעתPr 15:14 ; 18:15 , תורהMal 2:7 , אהבהPr
17:9 , תאוה18:1 ( לof dir. obj. ), חשׁבנותEc 7:29 . c. Inf. Ex 4:24 ( J ) Je 26:21 .
d. לְ & Inf. Gn 43:30 Ex 2:15 (JE) Dt 13:11 1 S 14:4 ; 19:2 , 10 ; 23:10 2 S 20:19
; 21:2 1 K 11:22 , 40 Est 2:21 ; 3:6 ; 6:2 ψ 37:32 Ec 12:10 Zc 6:7 ; 12:9 . 3. seek
the face a. of rulers 1 K 10:24 ( = 2 Ch 9:23 ) Pr 29:26 . b. of God (from resorting to
sacred places) Ho 5:15 1 Ch 16:11 ( = ψ 105:4 ) 2 Ch 7:14 2 S 21:1 ψ 24:6 ; 27:8
( ×2 )
; without פּנֵי
ְ c. יהוהDt 4:29 Zp 1:6 ; 2:3 Ho 3:5 ; 5:6 Ex 33:7 ( J ) 1 Ch
16:10 ( = ψ 105:3 ) 2 Ch 11:16 ; 20:4 Is 51:1 Pr 28:5 Zc 8:21 , 22 Je 50:4 ;
אלהים2 S 12:16 , cf. Ez 8:22 Is 45:19 ; 65:1 2 Ch 15:4 , 15 Ho 7:10 Je 29:13
Mal 3:1 ψ 40:17 ; 70:5 ; 69:7 Dn 9:3 ; י׳ דבר Am 8:12 ; שׁמדψ 83:17 . d. sq. Inf.
c. ְל, of resort to wizards, but no obj. Lv 19:31 ( H ). 4. desire, demand: a. acc. Ex
10:11 1 Ch 21:3 . b. acc. rei ִן מpers. Ez 7:26 Dn 1:20 . 5. a. require, exact , acc. rei
ִמיַּדpers. Is 1:12 ; מִןpers. Ne 5:12 , acc. rei v 18 . b. exact equivalent or penalty
for, acc. rei , מיַּד ִ pers. Gn 31:39 ; 43:9 (JE) 1 S 20:16 2 S 4:11 Ez 3:18 , 20 ;
33:8 , cf. ; דרשׁno obj. expr. Jos 22:23 ( P ). 6. (late) ask, request , acc. rei Est 2:15
; ַל עrei Ne 2:4 ; עַלrei מִןpers. Est 7:7 Ezr 8:23 ; עַלrei ִמ ִלּ ְפנֵיpers. Est 4:8 ; acc.
rei ִן מpers. Dn 1:8 ( obj. cl. c. ) אשׁר, ψ 104:21 ; מִןpers. 2 Ch 20:4 . Pu. Impf.
יְֻבקַּשׁJe 50:20 , וַיְב׳Est 2:23 ; ְשׁי
ִ ֲתּ ֻבקEz 26:21 be sought .
† [ ָשׁה
ָ ַבּקּS 1246
TWOT 276a
GK 1336
] n. m. request, entreaty , ִי
ָשׁת
ָ ַבּקּEst
5:7 , 8 ; 7:3 ; ך
ְ ָשׁ ֵת
ָ ; ַבּקּEst 5:3 ; 9:12 ; ָשׁתוֹ
ָ ַבּקּEzr 7:6 .
† I. ַר
בּS 1247 , 1248 , 1249 , 1250 , 1251
TWOT 2639 , 2640 , 277 , 288a , 288b
GK 1337 , 1338 , 1339 ,
), v 2 sf. נשׁקו בר ; ְבּרִי ψ 2:12 kiss the son , S Modern Vrss Ges De Pe et
al.; receive instruction ; δράξασθε παιδείας ; apprehendite disciplinam B
Ew ; kiss purely, do sincere homage Aq Sym Jer Br MP 136 ; emend. Lag (
ַשּׁקוּ מוֹסֵרוֹ ) מוֹסָרוֹ ְ נput on his bonds ( cf. v 3) so Kmp Che OP 351 .
† I. ָבּרָא S 1254 , 1262 TWOT 278 , 279 , 281 GK 1343 , 1344 , 1345 , 1346 53 vb. shape, create (
cf. Arabic , form, fashion by cutting, shape out, pare a reed for writing, a stick for an
arrow; , create (loan-word); Ph. הבראCIS i. 347 incisor, a trade involving cutting;
Assyrian barû , make, create , COT Gloss
& Hpt KAT 2 Gloss 1
but dub. ; Sab. ברא
found, build , DHM ZMG 1883, 413
, synon. ; בנהBa ZA 1888, 58
, comp. Assyrian banû ,
create, beget , with change of liquid; Aramaic ָא
ְבּר, , create ) — Qal Pf. Gn 1:1 + 19
times; Impf. יְִברָא Gn 1:21 , 27 Nu 16:30 ; Inf. בְּרֹאGn 5:1 ; Imv. ְבּרָאψ 51:12
; Pt. ֵא בּוֹרIs 42:5 + 10 times; sf. בֹּ ַר ֲא ָךIs 43:1 ; בּוֹ ְראֶי ָךEc 12:1 ;— shape,
fashion, create , always of divine activity, with acc. rei , seldom except in P and Is 2 .
1. obj. heaven and earth Gn 1:1 ; 2 ; 3 ( P ) Is 45:18 , 18 ; mankind Gn 1:27 ( ×3 ) ;
5:1 , 2 ( P ) 6:7 ( J ) Dt 4:32 ψ 89:48 Is 45:12 ; the host of heaven Is 40:26 ;
heavens Is 42:5 ; ends of the earth Is 40:28 ; north and south ψ 89:13 ; wind Am 4:13 ;
the תניניםGn 1:21 ( P ). 2. the individual man Mal 2:10 ( || father) Ec 12:1 ; the smith
and the waster Is 54:16 ( ×2 ) Israel as a nation Is 43:15 ; Jacob Is 43:1 ; the seed of
Israel Is 43:7 . 3. new conditions and circumstances: righteousness and salvation Is 45:8
; darkness and evil Is 45:7 ; fruit of the lips Is 57:19 ; a new thing ָשׁה
ָ ( ֲחדa woman
encompassing a man) Je 31:22 ; ִיאָה
( ְבּרswallowing up the Korahites) Nu 16:30 ( J );
cloud and flame over Zion Is 4:5 . 4. of transformations: a clean heart ψ 51:12 ( || חדֵּשׁ
ִ;
new heaven and earth Is 65:17 (in place of old); transformation of nature Is 41:20 ; with
double acc. בורא ירושׁלם גילהtransform Jerusalem into rejoicing Is 65:18 . Niph.
Pf. 2 fs. נִ ְברֵא ְת Ez 21:35 ; 3 pl. נִ ְברְאוּEx 34:10 + 2 times; Impf. יִָבּרֵא֑וּןψ
104:30 ; Inf. sf. ִה ָבּ ַר ֲא ָךEz 28:13 ; ִהבָּֽרְאָ ְךEz 28:15 ; ִהבָּֽרְאָםGn 2:4 ; 5:2 ; Pt.
נִ ְברָא ψ 102:19 ;— Pass. 1. be created: Heaven and earth Gn 2:4 ( P ); cratures ψ
104:30 ; mankind Gn 5:2 ( P ); heavens ψ 148:5 . 2. with reference to birth: במקום
אשׁר נבראתin the place where thou wast created (i.e. native land) Ez 21:35 ; יום
הבראךday when thous wast created (king of Tyre) Ez 28:13 , 15 ( cf. היום ילדתיך
ψ 2:7 ); ָא עַם נִ ְברψ 102:19 ( || עַם נוֹלָדψ 22:32 ). 3. of something new, astonishing:
miracles Ex 34:10 ( J ); new things, חדשׁיתIs 48:6 . Pi. Pf. ת ָ ֵבּרֵאJos 17:15 ; ֵבּרֵאתוֹ
Jos 17:18 ; Inf. abs. ֵא ָבּרEz 21:24 ( ×2 )
23:47 ;— 1. cut down: a forest Jos 17:15 , 18
( J ); ָם
וּ ָברֵא אוֹ ְתהֶן ְבּ ַחרְבוֹתEz 23:47 . 2. cut out: יָדhand, as an index Ez 21:24 ( ×2 ) .
† ְבּרִיאָה S 1278
TWOT 278a
GK 1375
n. f. a creation, thing created , as
preternatural, unparalleled; acc. cogn. יְִברָא י׳ אִם־ב׳ Nu 16:30 , cf. ָבּרָאQal 3 ,
Niph. 3 .
† ְבּרָאיָה S 1256
GK 1349
n.pr. m. ( י׳hath created ) a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:21 .
† ָבּרִיא S 1277
TWOT 279a
GK 1374
adj. fat — ψ 73:4 Ju 3:17 ; pl. ְבּרִיאִים1
K 5:3 ; cstr. ְבּרִיאֵיDn 1:15 ; f. ְבּרִיאָהHb 1:16 + 2 times + Ez 34:20 ריָה
ְ ; ִבּHi
Ol ְבּ ִריָּה, < ; בריאהpl. ְבּרִיאוֹתGn 41:5
§ 171 a
+ 3 times; ִיאֹת
ְבּרGn 41:2 , 4
;— fat , cattle בקרGn 41:2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 18 , 20 ( E ) 1 K 5:3 ; sheep Ez 34:3 , 20
Zc 11:16 ; food Hb 1:16 ; אישׁ ב׳fat man Ju 3:17 ; בריאי בשׂרDn 1:15 ; ב׳
אולםtheir body fat ψ 73:4 .
† [ ָרֹד
בּS 1261
TWOT 280b
GK 1353
] adj. spotted, marked ( as if sprinkled
with hail? so Ki cf. Lag BN 29
; Syriac , i.e. grandinatus, grêlé , PS ), mpl. of
sheep & goats רדִּים
ֻ וּ ְב ֲע ֻקדִּים נְ ֻקדִּים Gn 31:10 , 12 ; horses Zc 6:3 , 6 .
† ֶ ֫בּרֶד S 1260
GK 1354 , 1355
1. n.pr.loc. ָ ֑בּרֶד Gn 16:14 near Kadesh. 2. n.pr. m.
ֶ ֫בּרֶדan Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:20 .
† [ ָרוּתבּS 1267
TWOT 281b
GK 1362
] n. f. food ; ִי
ְבּבָרוּתψ 69:22 in (or as )
my food .
ְבּרִית S 1285
TWOT 282a
GK 1382
285 n. f. covenant ( || Aramaic קיָם
ְ , διαθήκη ;
constitutio ) — ב׳Gn 9:13 + 199 times; sf. ְבּרִיתִיGn 6:18 + 50 times; ְבּרִי ְת ָך
ָ ֑ ְבּרִי ֶחψ 44:18
Dt 33:9 ; ך + 11 times; ֶם
ְבּרִי ְתכIs 28:18 ; ְבּרִי ֵת ְךEz 16:61 ; ְבּרִיתוֹ
Ex 2:24 + 18 times;— pact, compact, covenant . I. between men . 1. treaty, alliance,
league: Abraham and Amorites Gn 14:13 ; Edom and its allies Ob 7 ; with
Philistines Gn 21:27 , 32 ( E ) 26:28 ( J ); Jacob and Laban Gn 31:44 ( J ); Joshua
and Gibeonites Jos 9:6 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 16 ( J ); Israel and Canaanites Ex 23:32 ;
34:12 , 15 (JE) Dt 7:2 Ju 2:2 ; Ammonites and Jabesh 1 S 11:1 ; Solomon and
Hiram 1 K 5:26 ; Ahab and Benhadad 1 K 20:34 ; Syria and Israel 1 K 15:19 = 2
He E. Hengstenberg.
the superintendence of the temple ( cf. ψ 2 ). g. Jehoiada and the people 2 K 11:17
= 2 Ch 23:3 , a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh. h. Hezekiah
and the people 2 Ch 29:10 , a constitutional agreement to reform the worship. i.
Josiah and the people 2 K 23:3 , a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the
covenant. j. Ezra and the people Ezr 10:3 , a constitutional agreement to put away
foreign wives and observe the Law. k. the prophetic covenant , a divine promise
through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution ברית חדשׁהJe 31:31 ,
with new institutions and precepts Is 42:6 , 49:8 ; 55:3 ; 59:21 ; 61:8 Je 31:31 ,
33 ; 32:40 ; 50:5 Ez 16:60 , 62 ; 20:37 ; 34:25 ; 37:26 Ho 2:20 . In Is 2 the
Messianic servant is ברית עםIs 42:6 ; 49:8 , cf. מלאך הבריתMal 3:1 . III.
Phrases. 1. covenant making: כרת בריתGn 15:18 Ex 34:10 , 27 ( J ) Jos 24:25 (
E ) Dt 5:2 , 3 ; 28:69 ; 29:13 , 24 1 K 5:26 2 K 11:17 ; 17:35 , 38 ; 23:3 2 Ch
21:7 ; 23:3 , 16 ; 29:10 ; 34:30 Ezr 10:3 Ne 9:8 ψ 50:5 ; 89:4 Is 55:3 ; 61:8
Je 11:10 ; 31:31 , 32 , 33 ; 32:40 ; 34:13 Ez 34:25 ; 37:26 Hos 2:20 ; הקים
בריתestablish a covenant Gn 6:18 ; 9:9 , 11 , 17 ; 17:7 , 19 , 21 Ex 6:4 ( P )
Ez 16:60 , 62 , confirm covenant Lv 26:9 (?; H ) Dt 8:18 ; ברית נתןGn 17:2 ( cf.
9:12 ) Nu 25:12 ( P ); ברית שׂם2 S 23:5 ; עבר בבריתDt 29:11 ; בא בברית2
Ch 15:12 Ez 16:8 ; צוה בריתψ 111:9 ; על פי נשׂא בריתψ 50:16 . ( Cf. further
on these Dr J Ph. xi. 1882, 210 ff. ) 2. covenant keeping: on the part of man שׁמר ברית1
K 11:11 Ne 1:5 ; 9:32 ψ 78:10 ; 103:18 ; 132:12 Dn 9:4 , נצר בריתDt 33:9 ψ
25:10 , בברית מחזיקיםIs 56:4 , 6 ; on the part of God זכר בריתGn 9:15 , 16
Ex 2:24 ; 6:5 (all P ), Lv 26:42 ( ×3 ) ( H ; on sf. cf. Di Ges § 128, 1 R b ) v 45 ( H
) ψ 105:8 ; 106:45 ; 111:5 1 Ch 16:15 Ez 16:60 . Thus we have נאמנתψ 89:29 ;
ברית עולם Gn 9:16 ; 17:7 , 13 , 18 , 19 Ex 31:16 Lv 24:8 Nu 18:19 ; 25:13 (
P ) 2 S 23:5 (poet.) 1 Ch 16:17 ( = ψ 105:10 ) Is 24:5 ; 55:3 ; 61:8 Je 32:40 ;
50:5 Ez 16:60 ; 37:26 ; ברית מלחLv 2:13 2 Ch 13:5 ; 21:7 (a cov’t. with
sacrificial meal and salt; on cov’t. with salt in Arabia cf. We Skizzen iii. 124
); ברית
שׁלום Nu 25:12 ( P ) Is 54:10 Ez 34:25 ; 37:26 ; והחסד הברית Dt 7:9 , 12 1 K
8:23 ( = 2 Ch 6:14 ) Ne 1:5 ; 9:32 Dn 9:4 ; קדשׁ ברית Dn 11:28 , 30 ; מסרת
הברית Ez 20:37 . 3. covenant violation: ברית עבר Dt 17:2 Jos 7:11 , 15 ; 23:16
( D ) Ju 2:20 2 K 18:12 Ho 6:7 ; 8:1 ; הפר ברית
Gn 17:14 Lv 26:15 , 44 ( H )
( ×2 )
Dt 31:16 , 20 ( J ) Ju 2:1 Is 24:5 Je 11:10 ; 14:21 ; 31:32 ; 33:20 , 21 Ez
16:59 ; 17:18 , 19 ; 44:7 Zc 11:10 ; עזב ב׳Dt 29:24 1 K 19:10 , 14 Je 22:9
Dn 11:30 ; ברית מאס2 K 17:15 ; נאר בריתψ 89:39 ; חלל בריתψ 89:34 Mal
2:10 ( cf. v 4 ); שׁקר בב׳ψ 44:18 ; שׁכח בריתDt 4:23 , 21 Je 50:5 .
בֵּרוֹתָה S 1268
GK 1363
, ַי
בֵּרֹתS 1268
GK 1408
, ִי
בֵּרֹתS 1307
GK 1409
v. sub
באר.
ברזTWOT 283
(? cf. Aramaic ברזbore, pierce , or Arabic , appear ) .
† ָבּרַחS 1272
TWOT 284
GK 1368 , 1369 , 1370
vb. go through, flee ( cf. Germ.
durchgehen ) ( Arabic go away, withdraw, flee ) — Qal Pf. ָבּרַחGn 31:22 + 9 times,
בָּֽרְחוּJb 9:25 , ָבּרָח֑וּIs 22:3 ; Impf. יְִברַחJb 20:24 , יְִב ָר֑חJb 27:22 Ne 6:11
וַיִּ ְברַחGn 31:21 + 13 times; 3 fs. וַ ִתּ ְברַחGn 16:6 , ֑ ֶא ְברָחψ 139:7 , יִ ְברְחוּJe 52:7 ,
וַיִּ ְברְחוּ2 S 4:3 + 4 times, נִ ְב ָר ָח֑ה2 S 15:14 ; Imv. ְבּרַחGn 27:43 + 3 times, ִבּרְחוּIs
48:20 ; Inf. abs. ח ַ בָּרוֹJb 27:22 ; cstr. בְּרֹ ַח1 S 23:6 + 3 times, בְּרוֹ ַחJon 1:3 ; sf.
ָבּ ְרחִי1 K 2:7 , ָבּ ְר ֲח ָךGn 31:5 , ָבּרְחוֹGn 35:7 + 2 times;— 4. go or pass through , of
bar, ח ַ ֹ וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־ ַה ְבּרִי ַח … ִלבְרEx 36:33 ( P ). 5. flee Gn 31:20 , 21 , 22 ( E ) Ex
14:5 ( J ) Ju 9:21 1 S 19:12 , 18 ; 22:17 2 S 13:34 , 37 , 38 ( del. Dr cf. We )
15:14 Is 22:3 Je 4:29 ; 26:21 ; 39:4 ; 52:7 Ne 6:11 ; fig. of days fleeing away Jb
9:25 ; of man, like a shadow Jb 14:2 ; c. ִן
מflee from a place 1 S 20:1 2 S 19:10 ( +
ֵמעַלpers. ) Is 48:20 , a weapon Jb 20:24 ; a person, c. ֵמאֵת1 K 11:23 , usually c.
ִמ ְפּנֵיGn 16:6 , 8 ; 31:27 ; 35:1 , 7 Ex 2:15 (all JE) Ju 11:3 2 S 21:11 1 K 2:7 ;
12:2 = 2 Ch 10:2 ψ 3:1 ; 57:1 (titles) 139:7 Jon 1:10 ; מיַּד י׳ ִ fig. Jb 27:22 ; flee
to , c. acc. place 1 S 27:4 1 K 11:40 Ho 12:13 ; c. place & ל ְ Ne 13:10 ; c. place
& ָ — הloc. Jon 1:3 ; 4:2 2 S 4:3 ; c. place & ֶל־ אNu 24:11 Am 7:12 ; c. & אֶל־
pers. 1 S 23:6 Gn 27:43 ( J ) 1 K 2:39 1 K 11:40 ; ֵי & אַ ֲחרpers. 1 S 22:20 ; flee ,
sq. inf. 1 K 11:17 Dn 10:7 . 6. flee = hasten, come quickly Ct 8:14 . Hiph. Pf.
ִה ְברִיחוּ1 Ch 8:13 ; Impf. יְַברִי ַחPr 19:26 ; sf. יְַברִיחֶנּוּJb 41:20 , וָאַ ְב ִרחֵהוּNe
13:28 , ִיחוּ
וַיְַּבר1 Ch 12:15 ; Pt. ַמ ְב ִר ַחEx 26:28 ;— 1. pass through , lit. Ex 26:28 (
P ) cf. Qal. 2. cause to flee, put to flight , animal Jb 41:20 , men 1 Ch 8:13 ; 12:16 ;
drive away Pr 19:26 Ne 13:28 ( sq. ַי ) ֵמ ָעל.
† I. [ ח
ַ ָבּרִיS 1282
GK 1377
] adj. fleeing ( = נָחָשׁ ָבּרִֽחַ׃ ) ַבּרִּי ַח Jb 26:13 of
eclipse-dragon, ח
ַ ָבּ ִר ִלוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ Is 27:1 (prob. fig. of Assyrians); as subst.
ָבּרִיחִיםIs 43:14 as fugitives (for other views cf. Comm. ); so prob. also Is 15:5
בריחיה, v. ְבּרִי ַח.
† [ ָח
ִמ ְברS 4015
TWOT 284c
GK 4451
] n. m. (fight) fugitive — Ez 17:21
מברחוKt coll. , ִמ ְב ָרחָיו Qr ; Co reads Qr , but del. as gloss; S Ew Sm
read ָיו
ִמ ְב ָחר.
ֵבּרִי S 1275
GK 1373
n.pr. m. v. sub בארp. 92 .
[ ִי
] ְבּר, ִבּ ְריָהS 1279
TWOT 281a
GK 1376
v. ָבּרִיאsub II. ברא.
ֵבּרִים S 1276
GK 1379
2 S 20:14 obscure, many after B read ִים
; ַבּ ֻחרKlo prefers
ַה ִבּ ְכרִיםafter & so Dr .
ְבּרִית S 1285
TWOT 282a
GK 1382
v. sub II. ; ברהalso II. ֵל
א3 , ַבּעַל4 .
בֹּרִית S 1287
TWOT 288e
GK 1383
v. sub ברר.
†[ ָבּ ַר ְךS 1288
TWOT 285
GK 1384 , 1385
] 329 vb. kneel, bless ( NH id. ; Arabic
Ethiopic Aramaic ך
ְ ְבּ ֵר, ( praise ), Palm. especially in לעלמא בריך שמוVog Palm. 74
ff. cf. 94, 144
) — Qal Impf. יִ ְב ַר ְך2 Ch 6:13 ; נִ ְב ְרכָהψ 95:6 ; ( בָּרוֹ ְךv. Pi. ); Pt. pass.
בָּרוּ ְךGn 9:26 + 70 times;— 1. kneel down (so Arabic Syriac Ethiopic): וַיְִּב ַר ְך
עַל־ ִבּ ְרכָּיוand he kneeled upon his knees 2 Ch 6:13 ; נִ ְב ְרכָה לפני י׳let us kneel before
Yahweh ψ 95:6 . 2. bless (only pt. pass. ). a. of God: ך י׳ ְ בָּרוּblessed be (or is ) י׳Ex
18:10 ( E ) Gn 9:26 ; 24:27 ( J ) Ru 4:14 1 S 25:32 , 39 2 S 18:28 1 K 1:48 ; 5:21
; 8:15 , 56 ; 10:9 1 Ch 16:36 ; 29:10 2 Ch 2:11 ; 6:4 ; 9:8 Ezr 7:27 ψ 28:6 ;
31:22 ; 41:14 ; 72:18 ; 89:53 ; 106:48 ; 119:12 ; 124:6 ; 135:21 ; 144:1 Zc 11:5 ; ב׳
אלהים ψ 66:20 ; 68:36 ; אדני ב׳ ψ 68:20 (prob. for an original עליון ;) יהוה ב׳ אל
Gn 14:20 ( E ); ִי
ב׳ צוּר2 S 22:47 ( = ψ 18:47 ); ב׳ כבוד י׳Ez 3:12 ; כבודו ב׳ שׁם
ψ 72:19 . b. of men: Gn 27:33 ( J ) Nu 22:12 ( E ) Dt 7:14 ; 28:3 , 6 ; 33:20 , 24 1
S 25:33 ; 26:25 Ju 17:2 1 K 2:45 ψ 118:26 Is 19:25 Je 17:7 ; 20:14 ; מברכיך
ברוךblessed be the one blessing thee Gn 27:29 Nu 24:9 ( E ); ליהוה ב׳Ru 2:19 , 20
; 3:10 1 S 15:13 ; 23:21 2 S 2:5 ψ 115:15 ; ב׳ לאל עליוןGn 14:19 ; ך י׳ ְ בְּרוּGn
24:31 ; 26:29 ( J ); ֵי י׳ בְּרוּכIs 65:23 . c. things: בטנך בָּרוּ ְך פריblessed be the fruit of
they womb Dt 28:4 cf. Dt 28:5 1 S 25:83 Pr 5:18 . Niph. Pf. ְכוּ נִ ְברGn 12:3 ;
18:18 ; 28:14 ( J ) bless oneslelf ( cf. Hithp. ). Pi. 233 Pf. ך ְ ֵבּ ַרGn 24:1 + 29 times;
ֵבּ ֵר ְךψ 10:3 Nu 23:20 ; ֵבּרְכוּ2 Ch 20:26 ; וּ ֵברֲכוּJb 1:5 ; sf. ֵבּרֲכוֹ, ֵבּ ֲר ַכנִי, etc., Gn
27:27 + 5 times; ך ָ ֵבּ ַר ְכDt 2:7 + 9 times; Impf. יְָב ֵר ְך, וַיְּ ָב֫ ֶר ְךetc., Gn 28:3 + 52
times; ָה ֲאבָֽ ֲרכGn 12:3 + 2 times; pl. יְבָֽרֲכוּGn 24:60 + 11 times; sf. יְָב ֶר ְכ ָךGn
27:10 + 21 times; ךּ ָ יְבָֽ ֲר ֶכGn 49:25 + 2 times; יְבָֽ ֲרכֵהוּGn 14:19 + 16 times;
יְבָֽ ֲרכֵםGn 48:20 + 6 times; ֲא ָב ֶר ְככָהGn 27:7 ; ְתּכָֽ ֲר ַכנִּיGn 27:19 , 31 ; יְבָֽ ֲר ֶכנְהוּ
ψ 72:15 ; ָה יְרָֽרֲכוּכψ 145:10 ; Imv. ָבּ ֵר ְךDt 33:11 + 29 times; Inf. cstr. ָבּ ֵר ְךGn
22:17 + 24 times; Inf. abs. ך ְ בָּרוֹJos 24:10 ( Ki , cf. Kö i. 191 , Ew § 240 b, 2 Ol Sta
); Pt. ך ְ ְמ ָב ֵרPr 27:14 + 4 times;— 1. bless God , adore with bended knees: acc. ברך
י׳Gn 24:48 ( J ) Dt 8:10 Ju 5:2 , 9 1 Ch 29:10 , 20 2 Ch 20:26 ; 31:8 Ne 9:5 ψ
16:7 ; 26:12 ; 34:2 ; 63:5 ; 103:20 , 21 , 22 ; 115:18 ; 134:1 , 2 ; 135:19 , 20 ;
145:2 , 10 ; נפשׁי את י׳ ברכיψ 103:1 , 2 , 22 ; 104:1 , 35 ; ברך שׁםbless the name
of Yahweh Ne 9:5 ψ 96:2 ; 100:4 ; 145:1 , 21 ; ברך אלהים Jos 22:33 ψ 66:8 ;
Vog ???
Kö E. König.
68:27 (doubtless for an original ) יהוה, with ל ְ 1 Ch 29:20 ; ְמ ָב ֵר ְך אָוֶןIs 66:3 (of
idolatrous worship). 2. God blesses a. men: abs. Nu 23:20 ( E ) ψ 109:28 ; with acc.
Gn 32:27 , 30 ; 48:16 Ex 20:24 Nu 24:1 Jos 24:10 (E) Gn 12:2 , 3 ; 22:17 ; 24:1 ,
35 ; 26:12 ; 30:27 , 30 ; 39:5 ; 49:25 Jos 17:14 ( J ) Gn 1:22 , 28 ; 5:2 ; 9:1 ;
17:16 , 20 ; 25:11 ; 26:3 , 24 ; 28:3 ; 35:9 ; 48:3 Nu 6:24 , 27 ( P ) Dt 1:11 ; 2:7 ;
7:13 ; 12:7 ; 14:24 , 29 ; 15:4 , 6 , 10 , 14 , 18 ; 16:10 , 15 ; 23:21 ; 24:13 , 19 ;
26:15 ; 28:8 ; 30:16 Ju 13:24 2 S 6:11 , 12 ; 7:29 1 Ch 4:10 ; 13:14 ; 17:27 ; 26:5
2 Ch 31:10 Ne 8:6 Ru 2:4 Jb 42:12 ψ 5:13 ; 28:9 ; 29:11 ; 45:3 ; 67:2 , 7 , 8 ;
107:38 ; 115:12 , 13 ; 128:5 ; 134:3 ; 147:13 Pr 3:33 Is 19:25 ; 51:2 ; 61:9 Je
31:23 Hg 2:19 . b. things: sabbath Gn 2:3 Ex 20:11 ( P ); field Gn 27:27 ( E ); bread
Ex 23:25 ( E ); work Dt 28:12 Jb 1:10 cf. Dt 33:11 ψ 65:11 ; 132:15 . 3. men bless
men: priests & kings בשׁם י׳Dt 10:8 ; 21:5 2 S 6:18 1 Ch 16:2 ; 23:13 ψ 129:8 ;
Melchizedek Abraham Gn 14:19 ; Moses Dt 33:1 Ex 12:32 ; 39:43 ; Joshua Jos 14:13
; 22:6 , 7 ; priests Lv 9:22 , 23 Nu 6:23 Dt 27:12 Jos 8:33 2 Ch 30:27 ψ 118:26 ;
Solomon 1 K 8:14 , 55 ( = 2 Ch 6:3 ); David 2 S 6:20 ( = 1 Ch 16:43 ) 19:40 ; Eli
1 S 2:20 ; Balaam Nu 22:6 ; 23:11 , 20 , 25 ; 24:10 ; fathers, especially on death-bed
Gn 27:4 + 12 times Gn 27 (all JE) 28:1 , 6 ( P ) 32:1 ( E ) 48:9 ( P ) 48:15 , 20 ;
49:28 ( J ) 2 S 13:25 ; in consecrating a sacrifice 1 S 9:13 . 4. salute, greet , with an
invocation of blessing (stronger than ) שׁלום: בך יברך ישׂראלwith thee will Israel
bless Gn 48:20 ( E ). a. in meeting Gn 47:7 ( P ) 2 K 4:29 ; 10:15 1 S 13:10 . b. in
departing Gn 24:60 ( J ) 47:10 ( P ) 1 K 8:66 . c. by messengers 1 S 25:14 2 S 8:10
1 Ch 18:10 . d. in gratitude Jb 31:20 Pr 30:11 Ne 11:2 . e. morning salutation Pr
27:14 . f. congratulations for prosperity Gn 12:3 ( J ) 27:29 Nu 24:9 ( E ) 1 K 1:47
ψ 49:19 ; 62:5 . g. in homage 2 S 14:22 ψ 72:15 . h. in friendliness 2 S 21:3 . 5. bless ,
with the antithetical meaning curse ( Thes ) from the greeting in departing, saying adieu
to, taking leave of; but rather a blessing overdone and so really a curse as in vulgar
English as well as in the Shemitic cognates: 1 K 21:10 , 13 Jb 1:5 , 11 ; 2:5 , 9 ψ
10:3 . Pu. Impf. ך ְ יְבֹ ַר2 S 7:29 + 3 times; תְּבֹ ַר ְךJu 5:24 Pr 20:21 ; Pt. מְבֹ ָר ְך
Nu 22:6 + 3 times; f. מְבֹ ֶרכֶת Dt 33:13 ; ָיו
מְבֹ ָרכψ 37:22 ;— 1. pass. to be blessed,
adored: שׁם י׳Jb 1:21 ψ 113:2 . 2. prospered by God: a. persons 2 S 7:29 1 Ch 17:27
ψ 37:22 ; 112:2 ; 128:4 Pr 20:21 . b. things Dt 33:13 . 3. have prosperity invoked , by
Balaam Nu 22:6 . 4. in gratitude Pr 22:9 Ju 5:24 . Hiph. ִים וַיְַּב ֵר ְך ַהגְּ ַמלּand he made
his camels kneel Gn 24:11 ( J ). Hithp. ך
ְ ִה ְת ָבּ ֵרDt 29:18 + 3 times; Impf. יִ ְת ָבּ ֵר ְךIs
65:16 ψ 72:17 ; Pt. ך ְ ִמ ְת ָבּ ֵרIs 65:16 ;— bless oneslef , congratulate oneself בלבבוin
his heart Dt 29:18 ; בזרעךwith or by ( cf. בּ ְ III. 2. D ) thy seed (invoke for oneself the
blessing of the seed of Abraham) Gn 22:18 ; 26:4 ( J ); by the Messianic king ψ 72:17 ;
באלהי אמןIs 65:16 ; by י׳Je 4:2 .
† ֶ ֫בּ ֶר ְך S 1290
TWOT 285a
GK 1386
n. f. Is. 45:32 knee ( Assyrian birku
† I. ָה
ִבּ ָרכn. f. blessing ( Arabic ; Ethiopic Aramaic ִבּ ְרכָּא, ; NH as Heb. )—
ב׳ Gn 12:2 + 39 times; cstr. ִבּ ְר ַכּת Gn 28:4 + 9 times; sf. ִבּ ְרכָתוֹ Gn 49:28 + 7
times; pl. ְבּרָכוֹתψ 21:7 + 4 times; cstr. ִבּרְכוֹת, ִבּרְכֹתGn 49:25 + 5 times; sf.
ִבּרְכוֹתֵיכֶםMal 2:2 ;— 1. blessing: a. of parent Gn 27:12–41 ; 49:28 (JE), of
Moses Dt 33:1 . b. of God Ex 32:29 ( E ) Lv 25:21 ( P ) Dt 11:26 , 27 , 29 ; 23:6
( = Ne 13:2 ) 28:2 , 8 ; 30:1 , 19 Jos 8:34 ( D ) 2 S 7:29 ψ 3:9 ; 21:4 ; 133:3
Is 44:3 Ez 34:26 ; 44:30 Jo 2:14 Mal 3:10 ; ברכת יהוהGn 39:5 ( J ) Dt 12:15
; 16:17 ; 33:23 ψ 129:8 Pr 10:22 ; ברכה מאת י׳ψ 24:5 ; ברכת אברהםGn
28:4 ( P ), the blessing given to Abraham. c. of the people , in recognition of good
men ψ 109:17 Pr 10:16 ; 11:26 ; 24:25 ; 28:20 . d. of a poor man , in recognition
of benefits Jb 29:13 . 2. source of blessing: Abraham Gn 12:2 ( J ); Israel Is 19:24
Ez 34:26 Zc 8:13 ; seed of the righteous ψ 37:26 ; the king ψ 21:7 ; memory of the
righteous Pr 10:7 ; new wine Is 65:8 . 3. blessing, prosperity: בברכת ישׁריםby the
prosperity of the upright (the city is exalted) Pr 11:11 ; יעטה מורה גם ברכותyea,
the early rain covereth with blessings ψ 84:7 cf. Gn 49:25 , 26 ; וארותי את
ברכותיכםand I will curse your prosperity Mal 2:2 . 4. blessing, praise of God Ne
9:5 . 5. a gift, present Gn 33:11 ( E ) Jos 15:19 ( J ) Ju 1:15 1 S 25:27 ; 30:26 2
K 5:15 ; ָה נֶפֶשׁ ְבּ ָרכa liberal person Pr 11:25 ( cf. Syriac , Ethiopic ). 6. treaty of
peace 2 K 18:31 = Is 36:16 .
† II. ָה
ְבּ ָרכS 1293 , 1294 TWOT 285b
GK 1388 , 1389 , 1390 1. n.pr.loc. Valley in
( ×2 )
wilderness by Tekoa 2 Ch 20:26 mod. Bereikût cf. Be & reff. 2. n.pr. m. one
of David’s band 1 Ch 12:3 .
† ךְ בָּרוּS 1263 GK 1358 n.pr. m. ( blessed ) 1. friend and amanuensis of Jeremiah
Je 32:12 , 13 , 16 ; 36:4–32 ; 43:3 , 6 ; 45:1 , 2 . 2. a priest, son of Zabbai
(Zaccai) Ne 3:20 ; 10:7 . 3. son of Colhozeh, of the tribe of Judah Ne 11:5 .
† ְבּ ֵרכָה S 1295
TWOT 285c
GK 1391
n. f. pool, pond ( הברכהSI
5
; Arabic ;
Sab. ברכת Sab.Denkm. 73
; Aramaic ָא
ב׳ — ) ְבּרֵי ְכתּ2 S 2:13 ( ×2 )
4:12 2 K
18:17 ( = Is 36:2 ) 20:20 Ne 3:16 Is 7:3 ; 22:9 , 11 ; cstr. ְבּ ֵרכַת 2 S 2:13 1
K 22:38 Ne 2:14 ; 3:15 Na 2:9 ; pl. ְבּרֵכוֹת Ec 2:6 Ct 7:5 .
† ָבּ ַר ְכאֵל n.pr. m. ( ̄El doth bless , cf. Ph. ברכבעל, Palm. בלברך Vog 117
,
Bab. Bariki-ili Opp JAs 1887 Nov.–Dec., 536 f.
) father of Elihu Jb 32:2 , 6 .
ברםTWOT 286
( cf. Arabic twist a rope of two strands . )
† ִים בְּרֹמS 1264 TWOT 286a GK 1394 n. [ m. ] variegated cloth ( Arabic rope
(or fabric) of two strands or colours; cf. Assyrian birmu , a kind of clothing COT
Gloss
, burmu, iris , Zim BP 82 ; on burūmu cf. Jen Kosmol. 6 ff. ) בגִנְזֵי
ְ בְּרֹמִים וּEz
27:24 .
† ֶ ֫בּרַע S 1298
GK 1396
n.pr. m. king of Sodom Gn 14:2 ( √ unknown;
Βαλλα ) .
† ְבּרִיעָה S 1283
GK 1380
n.pr. m. 1. a son of Asher Gn 46:17
( ×2 )
Nu 26:44 ,
45 1 Ch 7:30 , 31 . 2. son of Ephraim 1 Ch 7:23 (where expl. as if from ָה
ְבּ ָרע. 3.
a Benjamite ָה
ְבּ ִרע1 Ch 8:13 , ְבּרִיעָה1 Ch 8:16 . 4. a Levite 1 Ch 23:10 , 11 .
SI Siloam Inscription.
Sab.Denkm. Sabäische Denkmäler, edd. Mordmann & Müller .
† ְבּרִיעִי S 1284
GK 1381
adj. gent. c. art. as n. coll. ַהבְּ׳ משׁפחת Nu 26:44 .
† ָבּרַקS 1299
TWOT 287
GK 1397
vb. flash , of lightning ( Arabic gleam, flash,
lighten , Assyrian barâḳu Zim BP 76
, Aramaic ַק
ְבּר, , Ethiopic Sab. ברק Hal 252
cf.
DHM ZMG 1875, 597
) — Qal ָבּרַקso read after
Pf. L 2 S 22:15 & also in || ψ
18:15 ( cf. Klo Che crit. n.); Imv. ְרֹק בּψ 144:6 ;—all c. acc. cogn. ָבּרָק, ְבּ ָרקִים
;— flash , trans. flash lightning , subj. י׳.
ְבּרַק S 1139
GK 1400
cf. בני ברק.
Pinsk S. Pinsker.
† ַבּרְקוֹס S 1302
GK 1401
( √ & meaning unknown; Bab.
n.pr. m. Barḳûsu Dl
Pr 212
) head of a family of Nethinim, בני־ב׳Ezr 2:53 = Ne 7:55 .
†[ ָבּרַר S 1305 TWOT 288 GK 1359 , 1405 , 1406 ] vb. purify, select ( cf. Assyrian
barâru , be shining , in deriv. Zim BP 46, 73 Belser BAS ii. 154 ; Arabic pious, kind, true; he
was pious, good, virtuous, honest ) — Qal Pf. ִי בָּרוֹתEz 20:38 ; Inf. sf. ְל ָברָםEc
3:18 , Ges § 67 p
; cf. לָבוּר 9:1 ( si vera l. ) as metaplastic form, but on text vid. בּוּר
supra p. 101 ; Pt. pass. m. בָּרוּרJb 33:3 + 4 times; f. בְּרוּרָהNe 5:18 Zp 3:9 ;—
1. purge out, purify: ִי
ִמכֶּם הַמֹּ ְרדִים וּבָרוֹתand I will purge out from among you the
rebels Ez 20:38 ; ָה ָשׂפָה בְּרוּרa purified lip Zp 3:9 ; בּרוּר ִמלֵּל֑וּutter in a pure,
sincere manner Jb 33:3 . 2. choose, select , only Pt. and in Chronicler: chosen, valiant
men 1 Ch 7:40 ; porters 1 Ch 9:22 ; musicians 1 Ch 16:41 ; sheep Ne 5:18 . 3. cleanse,
make shining, polish , pt. pass. ָרוּר חֵץ בּpolished arrow Is 49:2 ( cf. De & Je
51:11 infr. ) 4. test, prove Ec 3:18 ָהאֱלֹהִים ְל ָברָםthat God may prove them ( RV
);—on 9:1 v. בּוּר. Niph. ִהבָּרוּIs 52:11 ; Pt. נָבָר2 S 22:27 ( = ψ 18:27 );—
purify oneself: a. ceremonially, the bearers of the sacred vessels Is 52:11 . b. morally 2
S 22:27 = ψ 18:27 . Pi. Inf. ֵר ְל ָברDn 11:35 purify ( || ִלצְרוֹף, ) ַל ְלבֵּן. Hiph. 1. Inf.
ְל ָהבַר Je 4:11 purify, cleanse . 2. Imv. ַה ִחצִּים ָהבֵרוּ Je 51:11 polish arrows ( vid. 3
above). Hithp. 1. Impf. יִ ְת ָבּרְרוּ Dn 12:10 purify oneself . 2. ַר
ִתּ ְת ָבּרψ 18:27 =
ִתּ ָתּבָר 2 S 22:27 shew oneself pure, just, kind .
8:5 , 6 ; ָר
בּGn 41:35 , 49 ; 42:3 , 25 ; 45:23 ( E ) ψ 65:14 Pr 11:26 Je 23:28
Jo 2:24 .
ברשׁTWOT 289
( √ of foll., meaning unknown ) .
Löw No. 59
& Brathu as name of Hermon Philo Bybl. in Euseb Praep. Evang. i. 10 ) —
בְּרוֹשׁ Ho 14:9 + 4 times; ְרוֹשׁים
ִ בּ2 S 6:5 + 11 times, ְרשׁים
ִ בּNa 2:4 , ְרוֹשׁיו
ָ בּIs
37:24 , ְרשׁיו
ָ בּ2 K 19:23 ;— 1. (lit.) a noble tree, usually || ( ארזexcept 2 S 6:5 1 K
6:34 2 Ch 3:5 ψ 104:17 Is 55:13 Ho 14:9 Na 2:4 ); as standing and growing Is
14:8 ; 37:24 = 2 K 19:23 , Is 41:19 ; 55:13 ( || הדַס ֲ ) 60:13 ( || = כבוד לבנון
) ארז ψ 104:17 . 2. sim. of luxuriance, stateliness Ez 31:8 , productiveness Ho
14:9 ( Now thinks cypress ), fig. for spear-shafts Na 2:4 Hi - St , but S
; פרשׁיםfig. for mighty men Zc 11:2 . 3. as material (always pl. ), for building
temple ( ) עצי ב׳1 K 5:22 , 24 ; 6:34 cf. 9:11 2 Ch 2:7 ; ( עץ ב׳sing.) 2 Ch 3:5
( cf. Baer’s n. ); צלעות ב׳1 K 6:15 ; for ships (no ) עץEz 27:5 ;— ֵיבְּכֹל ֲעצ
ברושׁים2 S 6:5 appar. = with all musical instruments made of fir , but || 1 Ch 13:8
ְשׁירִים
ִ & ְבּכָל־עֹז וּבso here We Dr .
† [ ְרוֹת
בּS 1266
TWOT 289a
GK 1361
] n. m. id. ( Aramaic (prob. North- Palest. )
form of same ) only pl. ֲא ָרזִים || בְּרוֹתִים Ct 1:17 ; ref. to arbour of trees as their
home, cf. ֶארֶז.
† ְשׁע
ַ ִבּרS 1306
GK 1407
n.pr. m. ( √ & meaning unknown ) king of Gomorrah
Gn 14:2 .
בֵּרֹתַי S 1268
GK 1408
, ִי
בֵּרֹתS 1307
GK 1409
בֵּר֫וֹתS
, ָה 1268
GK 1363
v. sub
בארות, p. 92 .
בשׂםTWOT ( have a sweet odour , cf. Aramaic ְבּסִיםbe sweet, pleasant , Pa.
290
to delight , ָא
ַבּסִּימ, sweet; Palm. ) משחא ( בשימאVog JAs 1883, Août. Sept. 153 1. 12, 155 1. 16,
18, 20 etc. ZMG 1888, 405
spiced ( oil ), cf. Reckendorf ; Assyrian bašâmu , to create, prepare
and bašāmu , balsam ) .
† ֫
בֹּ ֶשׂם S 1313 , 1314
TWOT 290a
GK 1411
n. m. 1 K 10:10 spice, balsam,
† ַת בָּֽ ְשׂמS 1315 GK 1412 n.pr. f. ( perfume ? ) — 1. Hittite woman, a wife of
Esau Gn 26:34 ( P ); called daughter of Ishmael, and sister of Nebaioth Gn 36:3
(but due prob. to R ; this daughter of Ishmael is ַת
ַמ ֲחלin 28:9 P ); v. also 36:4 ,
10 , 13 , 17 (all P ) ( Sam. has מחלתthroughout Gn 36 ). 2. daughter of Solomon,
wife of Ahimaaz 1 K 4:15 .
† ְשׂם
ָ יִבS 3005 GK 3311
n.pr. m. a descendant of Issachar 1 Ch 7:2 .
†[ ָשׂר
ַבּ S 1319 TWOT 291 GK 1413 ] vb. bear tidings ( √ rub, smooth the face; cf.
Arabic remove the face or surface of a thing , cf. Arabic be glad, joyful; he rejoiced him
with the message of a new-born son; Ethiopic bring a joyful message , so Assyrian
bussuru (Pa.) Dl Pr 170 , Sab. תבשרDHM MV , also בשרn.pr. dei, DHM ZMG 1883,
358
, CIS iv. 1, 41, 1. 3
) — Pi.
ִשּׂר
ַ בּJe 20:15 + 2 times; Impf. ַשּׂר
Pf. ֵ ְתּב2 S 18:20 + 4
times; ָה
ַשּׂר
ְ ֲאב2 S 18:19 ; Imv. ַשּׂרוְּ בּ1 Ch 16:23 = ψ 96:2 ; Inf. ַשּׂר ֵ ְלב1 S 31:9
+ 2 times; Pt. ַשּׂר
ֵ ְמבIs 41:27 + 6 times; f. ַשּׂרֶת
ֶ ְמבIs 40:9 x2; pl. ַשּׂרוֹתְ ְמבψ
68:12 ;— 3. gladden with good tidings: birth of a son Je 20:15 ; victory 1 S 31:9 2 S
1:20 1 Ch 10:9 ψ 68:12 ; היה כמבשׂר בעיניוhe was in his eyes as a bearer of good
tidings 2 S 4:10 . 4. bear tidings 2 S 18:19 , 20 ( ×2 ) , 26 ; even of evil 1 S 4:17 , and
so with acc. בשׂר טוב 1 K 1:42 . 5. herald as glad tidings: the salvation of God, preach
(chiefly exilic usage) the advent of י׳in salvation Na 2:1 Is 40:9 ( ×2 ) ; 41:27 ; 52:7 ( ×2
)
; the praises of Yahweh 60:6 ; His righteousness in the great congregation ψ 40:10 ;
His salvation daily ψ 96:2 = 1 Ch 16:23 ; the Messianic servant preaches good tidings
to the meek Is 61:1 . Hithp. Impf. ַשּׂר ֵ יִ ְתבּ2 S 18:31 receive good tidings (so Kirkp .
Klo ; cf. Arabic IV. X ; otherwise AV ).
ָשׂר
ָבּ S 1320
TWOT 291a
GK 1414
266 n. m. flesh ( cf. Arabic skin , Syriac ,
Assyrian bišru , blood-relation , Dl Assyrian Stud. i. 143, cf. Pr 170
בשר תורםflesh
, Sab.
of bulls ) — Gn 2:21 + 126 times; cstr. ְשׂר
ַבּ Gn 17:11 + 40 times; sf. ִי
ְשׂר
ָ בּetc.
ψ 16:9 + 96 times; pl. ִיםְשׂרָ בּPr 14:30 ;— 1. of the body: a. of animals Gn 41:2–
19 Ex 21:28 ; 22:30 Nu 12:12 ( E ) Nu 11:4–33 (JE) Gn 9:4 + ( P 30 times) Dt
12:15 + ( D 9 times) Ju 6:19–21 1 S 2:13 , 15 1 K 17:6 ; 19:21 Jb 31:31 ;
41:15 ψ 50:13 Pr 23:20 Is 22:13 ; 44:16 , 19 ; 65:4 ; 66:17 Je 7:21 ; 11:15 Ez
4:14 + 6 times Dn 10:3 Ho 8:13 Mi 3:3 Hg 2:12 Zc 11:9 , 16 . b. of men Gn
40:19 ( E ) 2:21 Ex 4:7 ( J ) Lv 12:3 ; 13:2 + 16 times 26:29 ( P ) Dt 28:53 , 55
; 32:42 Ju 8:7 1 S 17:44 1 K 4:34 ; 5:10 , 14 ; 6:30 ; 9:36 Jb 2:5 ; 4:15 ; 6:12
; 7:5 ; 10:11 ; 13:14 ; 19:20 , 22 ; 21:6 ; 33:21 , 25 ψ 27:2 ; 38:4 , 8 ; 79:2 ;
102:6 ; 109:24 Pr 4:22 ; 5:11 Is 9:19 ; 17:4 ; 49:26 Je 19:9 La 3:4 Ez 32:5 ;
37:6 , 8 ; 39:17 , 18 Dn 1:15 Zc 14:12 . The flesh of the body is contrasted with
stone Ez 11:19 ; 36:26 . 2. flesh for the body itself (especially in P ): על בשׂר אדם
לא ייסךupon the body of man it shall not be poured Ex 30:32 ( P ); מכנסי בד
ילבשׁ על בשׂרוlinen drawers shall be put on his body Lv 6:3 ; 16:4 ( P ); על
בשׂרו וישׂם שׂק1 K 21:27 ; ורחץ את בשׂרוand he shall bathe his body Lv 14:9 ;
15:13 , 16 ; 16:24 , 26 , 28 ; 17:16 ; 22:6 Nu 19:7 , 8 ( P ); שׂרט לנפשׁ לא
תתנו בכשׂרכםye shall not put any cutting for any one in your body Lv 19:28 cf.
Lv 21:5 ( P ); והעבירו תער על כל בשׂרםand they shall pass a razor over all their
body Nu 8:7 ( P ). Ec. uses בשׂרonly in this sense 2:3 ; 4:5 ; 5:5 ; 11:10 ; 12:12 ;
elsewhere this usage only in poetry; the body antith. to נפשׁJb 14:22 Is 10:18 ψ
63:2 ; לבψ 16:9 ; 84:3 Pr 14:30 (only here emphatic pl. = entire body Bö § 695
, Leiblichkeit De ); ִיְשׂר
ָ ִמבּapart from my body , in disembodied state Jb 19:26 ;
סמר מפחדך בשׂריmy body trembleth for fear of thee ψ 119:120 . 3. male organ of
generation (euphemism): ֶם ְשׂר ָע ְר ַל ְתכ
ַ בּGn 17:11 , 14 , 23 , 24 , 25 ( P ); בשׂר
ערוהEx 28:42 ( P ), but בשׂרGn 17:14 Lv 15:2–19 ( P ) Ez 16:26 ; 23:20 ;
44:7 , 9 . 4. flesh for kindred, blood-relations: עצם מעצמי ובשׂר מבשׂריbone of
my bone and flesh of my flesh Gn 2:23 ( J ); והיו לבשׂר אחדand they shall become
one flesh Gn 2:24 ( J ); עצמי ובשׂריGn 29:14 ( J ) Ju 9:2 2 S 5:1 = 1 Ch 11:1
; 19:13 , 14 ; בשׂרwith sf. in same sense Gn 37:27 ( J ) Ne 5:5 Is 58:7 , for
which בשׂרו ְשׁאֵרnear of kin , man or woman Lv 18:6 ; 25:49 (both H ; 25:49 ||
ִשׁ ָפּחָה
ְ מ, cf. RS K 149
). 5. man over against God as frail or erring Gn 6:3 ( J ) ψ
56:5 ; 78:39 ; eyes of flesh Jb 10:4 ; arm of flesh 2 Ch 32:8 Je 17:5 ; horses are
flesh not spirit Is 31:3 . 6. the phrase ָשׂר
ָ בָּל־בּ: a. all living beings Gn 6:17 , 19 ;
( ×3 )
7:21 ; 9:11 , 15 , 16 , 17 Lv 17:14 Nu 18:15 ( P ) Jb 34:15 ψ 136:25 . b.
animals Gn 7:15 , 16 ; 8:17 ( P ). c. mankind Gn 6:12 , 13 Nu 16:22 ; 27:16 ( P
) Dt 5:23 ψ 65:3 ; 145:21 Is 40:5 , 6 ; 49:26 ; 66:16 , 23 , 24 Je 12:12 ; 25:31
; 32:27 ; 45:5 Ez 21:4 , 9 , 10 Jo 3:1 Zc 2:17 ; cf. כל בשׂר אישׁJb 12:10 .
672
), 2 S 4:10 + 3 times; ָה
בְּשׂוֹר2 S 18:25 , 27 — 1. good tidings 2 K 7:9 . 2.
tidings, news 2 S 18:20 , 25 ; with טובה2 S 18:27 . 3. reward for good tidings 2 S
4:10 ; 18:22 .
† בְּשׂוֹר S 1308
GK 1410
n.pr. of brook in Philistine territory: always ְשׂוֹר
ַהבּ נַחַל
1 S 30:9 , 10 , 21 ; Βοσορ ( v 21 Βεανα , but L Βοσορ ); mod. Wady
Ṛazze (Gaza) according to Guérin Judée ii. 213
;—it empties into sea SW of Gaza. (
Connexion with above √ dub. )
† ָשׁל
ַ בּS 1310
TWOT 292
GK 1418
vb. boil, seethe ( intr. ), grow ripe ( Aramaic
ְשׁל
ַ בּ, ripen , Nas. boil , NSyr. be boiled, cooked , cf. Assyrian bašâlu ( bašlu , cooked )
Zim BP 76 ) — Qal Pf. ָשׁל ַ בּJo 4:13 , ָֽשׁלוְּ בּEz 24:5 ;— boil, cook ( intr. ) Ez 24:5 ;
grow ripe (of ) קצירJo 4:13 ;— Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. ָם ְ בּ1 K 19:21 ; ִשּׁ ְל ָ ֫תּ
ִשּׁל ַ וּבEx
29:31 Dt 16:7 , ִשּׁלוּ ְ בּLa 4:10 + 2 times, ִשּׁלוּ ְ וּבconsec. Zc 14:21 ; Impf. 3 fs.
ַשּׁל
ֵ וַ ְתּב2 S 13:8 ; 2 ms. ַשּׁל ֵ ְתּבEx 23:19 + 2 times, ַשּׁלוְּ יְבEz 46:20 , 24 , ַשּׁלוּ ְ וַיְב
2 Ch 35:13 , ַשּׁלוּ ְ ְתּבEx 16:23 , ַשּׁלֵ וַנְּב2 K 6:29 ; Imv. ַשּׁל
ֵ בּ2 K 4:38 , ַשּׁלוּ ְ בּLv
8:31 , ַשּׁ֑לוּ
ֵ בּEx 16:23 ; Inf. ַבּ ֵשּׁל1 S 2:13 ; Pt. ַשּׁלִיםְ ְמבEz 46:24 ;— 1. boil ( tr. )
obj. om. Nu 11:8 , ָשׂר ָ בּ1 S 2:13 ; גְּדִיEx 23:19 ; 34:26 Dt 14:21 ; נזיד2 K 4:38 ; of
offerings, obj. הקדשׁים2 Ch 35:13 ; obj. אשׁםEz 46:20 , זבחEz 46:24 (no obj. )
v 24 , cf. Zc 14:21 (no obj. ); Ex 16:23 ( ×2 ) opp. אפהbake . 2. cook (general), obj.
בשׂר1 K 19:21 Ex 29:31 Lv 8:31 (both P ); obj. בֵּן2 K 6:29 cf. יֶלֶדLa 4:10 ;
hence also of הפסחDt 16:7 ( cf. Di ; || Ex 12:8 , 9 has ִי אֵשׁ ְצלopp. ֻשּׁל ַבּ ַמּיִם ָ ) ְמב
2 Ch 35:13 ( ֵשׁ ) ָבּא, cakes ( ) הלבבות2 S 13:8 . Pu. Pf. 3 fs. ֻשּׁ֑לָהָ בּLv 6:21 ; Impf.
Ba J. Barth, Nominalbildung .
3 fs. ֻשּׁל־
ַ ְתּב Lv 6:21 ; Pt. ֻשּׁל
ָ ְמב Ex 12:9 1 S 2:15 ;— be boiled, sodden , במיםEx
12:9 cf. Lv 6:21 ( ×2 )
(all P ) 1 S 2:15 . Hiph. Pf. ְשׁילוּ
ִ ִהבripened, brought to
ripeness Gn 40:10 (grape-clusters).
† ַשּׁלוֹת
ְ ְמב S 4018
TWOT 292b
GK 4453
n. f. pl. cooking-places Ez 46:23 ( cf.
ַשּׁלִים
ְ בֵּית ַהמְֿב v 24 ).
† ָם ִשׁל
ְ בּS 1312 GK 1420 n.pr. m. ( = ֶן־שׁלָם
ְ בּson of peace ? cf. sub ) בןa
Persian officer in Canaan Ezr 4:7 .
בשׁןTWOT 293
( √ of foll. = smooth, soft ? cf. Arabic soft and smooth ground ) .
ָשׁן
ָבּ S 1316
TWOT 293a
GK 1421 , 1422
60 n.pr. terr. m. Dt 3:3 ( smooth (& fertile)
land ) Bashan , first mentioned as kingdom of Og, E. of Jordan, stretching from
stream Jabboḳ (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between
Gennesaret ( W ) and mts of Hauran ( E ); cf. Di Nu 21:33 Wetzst Hauran 82 ; later
a type of fertility;—usually c. art. ַבּ׳
הNu 21:33 ( ×2 ) ; 32:33 Dt 1:4 + 30 times
Dt Jos; 1 K 4:13 , 19 2 K 10:33 1 Ch 5:11 , 12 , 16 , 23 ; 6:47 , 56 Ne 9:22 ψ
68:23 ; 135:11 ; 136:20 Je 22:20 ; 50:19 ( || ֶל) ַה ַבּ ְרמ, Mi 7:14 ( || id. ), Na 1:4 )
( || id. ; personif., subj. of ַל
) ֻא ְמל, Is 33:9 ( || id. ; personif. subj. of ָשׁן ;) נֹעֵר
ָ הַר־בּ
(i.e. range of Hauran) ψ 68:16 ( ×2 )
(called ַר־אלהים
ה,—from a sanctuary there?—
& בנֻנִּים
ְ ַ הַר־גּmany-peaked mt. ); of stately trees הַבּ׳ אַלּוֹנֵיIs 2:13 (still seen on
western slope of mts. of Hauran, Wetzst ); אַלּוֹנֵי שׁ׳Zc 11:2 ( fig. of
Hauran 88
prominent men); ִבּ׳ אַלּוֹנִים מEz 27:6 ; of bulls אַבִּירֵי ב׳ψ 22:13 ( || ָפּרִים, fig. );
so בּנֵי־ב׳ ְ Dt 32:14 ( + ָכּרִים וְאֵילִיםalso עַתּוּדִים, cf. צֹאן & ָבּקָרv a; vid. בֵּן
1. j. ( ν )); appar. more general is ֵי ב׳
ְמרִיאEz 39:18 (ref. to אֵילִים ָכּרִים … ֻכּלָּם
;) וְעַתּוּדִים ָפּרִיםonce of kine ( fem. , fig. of luxurious and haughty women of
Samaria) Am 4:1 ַבּ׳ פָּרוֹת ה.
† ְשׁן
ָ נִב S 5044
GK 5581
n.pr.loc. in south. Judah ַןּ׳
הJos 15:62 .
ָשׁנָה
ְבּ S 1317 , 1322
TWOT 222b
GK 1423 , 1425
v. sub בושׁ.
†[ ] בשׁסvb. Po. Inf. sf. בּוֹשׁ ְסכֶם
ַ Am 5:11 prob. your trampling (by dissim.
from ) בּוּסsq. עַל.
בֹּשׁת
ֶ S 1322
TWOT 222b , 222c
GK 1425
v. sub בושׁ.
† I. ֵל
בְּתוּאS 1328 GK 1432 , 1433 n.pr. m. ( ? = מְתוּאֵלman of God ) Gn 22:22 ,
23 ; 24:15 , 24 , 47 , 50 ( J ) son of Nahor, neph. of Abr., living in Aramaic-
Naharaim, in city of Nahor; 25:20 ; 28:2 , 5 ( P ) Aramaean of Paddan-Aramaic.
בְּתוּל S 1329
GK 1434
v. II. בְּתוּאֵל.
בָּֽתִּים v. בית.
בתלTWOT 295
( cf. Arabic sever, separate ) .
† בְּתוּלָה S 1330
TWOT 295a
GK 1435
50 n. f. virgin ( cf. Arabic , Assyrian
batultu (also batûlu of young man) 5 R 42:56 v. Jer ZA 1886, 399
; NH בְּתוּלָא, ) —
Gn 24:16 + 19 times; cstr. בְּתוּלַתDt 22:19 + 12 times; pl. בְּתוּלוֹתEst 2:2 + 7
times; ֻלוֹת
ְבּתZc 9:17 ; בְּתוּלֹתEx 22:16 + 2 times; ְבּתֻלֹתLa 5:11 ; sf.
בְּתוּלֹתָיוψ 78:63 + 3 times;—one living apart in her father’s house as a virgin Gn
24:16 ( J ) Ex 22:15 ( E ) Lv 21:3 , 14 ( P ) Dt 22:19 Ju 19:24 2 S 13:2 Jb
31:1 Is 62:5 Je 2:32 ; 31:13 Jo 1:8 ; נערה בתולהa virgin damsel Dt 22:23 , 28
Ju 21:12 1 K 1:2 Est 2:3 ; ובתולה בחור Dt 32:25 2 Ch 36:17 Je 51:22 Ez 9:6
; personification of nations ישׂראל בתולת Je 18:13 ; 31:4 , 21 Am 5:2 ; ב׳ בת
ציון 2 K 19:21 ( = Is 37:22 ; on double st. cstr. v. Ges § 130.5
Phi St Cstr. 63
)
La 2:13 ; עמי ב׳ בתJe 14:17 ; ב׳ בת יהודהLa 1:15 ; ב׳ בת צידוןIs 23:12 ; ב׳
בת בבלIs 47:1 ; בת מצרים ב׳Je 46:11 ; pl. virgins Ex 22:16 2 S 13:18 Est
2:2 , 17 , 19 ψ 45:15 ; 78:63 La 1:4 ; 2:10 ; 5:11 Ez 44:22 Am 8:13 ; בחורים
ובתולותψ 148:12 Is 23:4 Zc 9:17 La 1:18 ; 2:21 .
† בְּתוּלִים S 1331
TWOT 295b
GK 1436
n. f. virginity , pl. abs. intens. Dt
22:14 , 17 , 20 ; cstr. בְּתוּלֵיDt 22:15 , 17 , all concrete, tokens of virginity; abstr.
, sf. בְּתוּלַיJu 11:37 ; בְּתוּלֶי ָהLv 21:13 Ju 11:38 Ez 23:8 ; בְּתוּלֵיהֶןEz 23:3 .
†[ ָבּתַקS 1333
TWOT 296
GK 1438
] vb. cut, cut off, cut down ( Assyrian batâḳu ,
COT Gloss.
Zim BP 104 n.
; cf. also Arabic secuit, amputavit ) —only Pi. Pf. consec.
בחרבותם וּ ִבתְּקוּ ְך Ez 16:40 and they shall cut thee to pieces with their swords .
†[ ָבּתַרS 1334
TWOT 297
GK 1439
] vb. cut in two ( Arabic cut off prematurely;
extirpate by cutting ) — Qal Pf. ָבּ ָת֑ר Gn 15:10 ; Pi. Impf. וַיְ ַבתֵּר Gn 15:10 id.
בתתTWOT 298
( ? cut off, sever , cf. Arabic , secuit, resecuit, abrupit ) .
Phi F. Philippi.
Eng. Tr. English Translation.
τέμνω ; Lag Or ii. 10 f. makes = בדת, = בד+ fem. ; תcf. Syriac , instrument for
pressing olives; cf. Epiphan. βάδος = ἐλαιοτριβει̂ον ; & βάδος also Hesych. Jos Ant.
֑ ָ Ez
viii, 2, 9 but ed. Niese βάτους, βάτος ) — בּ׳abs. Is 5:10 + 6 times; ( בּת
45:11 ) cstr. Ez 45:10 ; pl. ַבּתִּים 2 Ch 2:9 ( ×2 )
+ 3 times;—a liquid measure =
אֵיפָהof dry measure, each being 1/10 ( חֹמֶרq.v. ) Ez 45:11 ( ×2 ) , 14 ( ×2 ) ; also Is
5:10 1 K 7:26 , 38 2 Ch 2:9 ( ×2 ) , 4:5 + Ez 45:14 ( ×2 ) (4 times in this v. , Co
del. a & d ). Ez 45:10 צדֶק
ֶ בַּת־a righteous (right, accurate, full) bath ( ||
) אֵיפַת־ ֶצדֶק. The actuall size of bath ( = ephah) is appar. c. 40 litres ( = Attic
Ant.
metretes cf. Jos viii, 2, 9 ; = 39.39 lit. cf. Boeckh Metrol. Untersuch. 259 f. ; v. also
J. Brandis Münz- Mass- u. Gewichtswesen 29 f. Smith Dict. Bible , art. Weights & Measures Ri HWB 934 f. ).—
I . ַת
בּv. sub בֵּן.
† [ ָה
ַבּתּS 1327
TWOT 298b
GK 1431
] n. f. precipice, steep ( as cut off, abrupt )
— ַתּוֹת
ַהבּ ְבּנַ ֲחלֵי Is 7:19 in the ravines of the precipices .
† ָבּתָה S 1326
TWOT 298c
GK 1429
n. f. end, destruction ( for ָה
ַבּתּ, perhaps on
account of difference of meaning, perhaps from analogy of ָה
ָכּלwith like sense; cf.
Di ) — ֵהוּ ֲשׁית
ִ ָבתָה וַאIs 5:6 and I will make it (the vineyard) a destruction , a
waste, or ( Che ) make an end of it .
ג
ג, גּ, Gîmel , third letter; in postB Heb. = numeral 3 (and so margin of printed MT
); = ̈ ג3000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.
גֵּא S 1341
TWOT 299a
GK 1447
v. sub. נאה.
† גֵּאֶה S 1343
TWOT 299b
GK 1450
adj. proud , Jb 40:11 , 12 Is 2:12 Je 48:29
; pl. גֵּאִיםψ 94:2 ; 140:6 Pr 15:25 ; 16:19 ; cstr. גְּאֵי ψ 123:4 Qr > ( גאי יונים
Kt ) גאייונים, yet cf. De al.
† גֵּאָה S 1344
TWOT 299c
GK 1449
n. f. pride , Pr 8:13 .
† גָּאוֹן S 1347
TWOT 299e
GK 1454
n. m. Ho 5:5 exaltation — Jb 40:10 + 5
times; cstr. גְּאוֹן Lv 26:19 + 31 times; sf. גְּאוֹנְ ָךetc. Ex 15:7 + 9 times; pl. sf.
גְּאוֹנָ֑יְִך
Ez 16:56 ;— 1. exaltation, majesty, excellence , a. of nations, their wealth,
power, magnificence of buildings, e.g. Egypt Ez 32:12 , Chaldeans Is 13:11 , 19 ;
14:11 , Philistines Zc 9:6 , Assyria Zc 10:11 , Jacob; ψ 47:5 Am 6:8 ; 8:7 Na 2:3
, Israel Ho 5:5 ; 7:10 (prob. appellation of ) י׳, Na 2:3 , Judah Je 13:9 , Jerusalem
v 9 Ez 16:56 ; עוָּהּ
ֻ גְּאוֹןpride of her strength Ez 30:6 , 18 ; 33:28 ; גאון עזים
Ez 7:24 (but Ew Hi Co read גאון עזבם ;) עזםLv 26:19 Ez 24:21 ; the
fruit of land of Judah will become לגאון ולתפארתmajestic and beautiful Is 4:2 ;
גאון בל צביthe majesty of all the splendour (of Tyre) Is 23:9 ; Zion is to become
גאון עולםan everlasting excellency Is 60:15 . b. of God Ex 15:7 Is 24:14 Mi 5:3
; הדַר
ֲ גְּאֹנוֹIs 2:10 , 19 , 21 ; יַ ְרעֵם בְּקוֹל גְּאוֹנוֹJb 37:4 ; גָּאוֹן וָגֹבַהּ ֲעדֵה נָאJb
40:10 . c. גאון הירדןmajesty of the Jordan , referring to the green and shady banks,
clothed with willows, tamarisks, and cane, in which the lions made their covert Je
49:19 ; 50:44 Zc 11:3 , and therefore dangerous Je 12:5 ( Ew thinks of the
swelling of its agitated waters); ך
ָ גְּאוֹן ַגּלֶּיmajesty of thy waves Jb 38:11 . 2. pride
(bad sense) Jb 35:12 ψ 59:13 Pr 8:13 ; 16:18 Ez 7:20 ; 16:49 Zp 2:10 ; of
Moab Is 16:6 ( ×2 ) = Je 48:29 ( ×2 ) .
† גֵּאוּת S 1348
TWOT 299f
GK 1455
n. f. majesty , ψ 93:1 + 7 times;— 1. lifting
up ָשׁן
ָע גֵּאוּתcolumn of smoke Is 9:17 ; היָּם
ַ
גֵּאוּתswelling of the sea ψ 89:10 . 2.
majesty of God ψ 93:1 Is 26:10 ; ָשׂה
ָ גֵּאוּת עhe hath done majestically Is 12:5 ;
ֲע ֶטרֶת גֵּאוּתcrown of majesty Is 28:1 , 3 (Samaria, on a round hill majestically
commanding the country). 3. pride בגֵאוּת
ְ ִדּבְּרוּthey speak proudly ψ 17:10 ; so for
נְאוֹת 74:20 Bi Che .
† [ ֲיוֹן
גַּאS 1349
TWOT 299g
GK 1456
] adj. proud , גאייוניםψ 123:4 ( Kt cf.
Baer’s note, yet read prob. ֲיוֹנִים
; גַּאbut Qr better, יוֹנִים גְּאֵיproudest opprssors ,
v. ) גֵּאֶה.
גֵּאָיוֹת v. ַגּיְא.
† גְּאוּלִים S 1350
TWOT 300
GK 1453
Is 63:4 , in ַי
גְּאוּל ֲשׁנַת, n. abstr.
redemption , according to S B Ges Hi De MV Che Di RVm ; then
either pl. abstr. sf. year of ( my ) redemption (so most); or abstr. form. in — י,
Symm ii. 101 f. Sem . i. 19, 68. BN 192
after Syriac analogy, Lag ( om. my ); but < Pt.
pass. pl. sf. my ransomed ( released ) ones Ew Br Brd AV RV cf. sub גאל
supra .
[ ָב
] גּ, גָּבִיםv. גובp. 155 .
I. [ ֵב
גּS 1356 , 1357
TWOT 304a , 323a , 323b
GK 1463 , 1464 , 1466
] locust , v. sub גבה.
II. [ ֵב
גּS 1356 , 1357
TWOT 304a , 323a , 323b
GK 1463 , 1464 , 1466
] pit , III. [ ] גֵּבbeam , v.
sub גוב.
גֹּב S 1358
, גּוֹבS 1359 , 1462
TWOT 304b
GK 1479 , 1570
n.pr.loc. v. sub גבב.
גבאTWOT 302
( cf. Arabic restrain or withhold oneself; perhaps = collect (water
in a cistern, also tributate), so Lane 1. ad fin. , Fl NHWB i. 431
; v. also NH גבי,
גָּבָה, Aramaic גָּבָא, collect debts, taxes, etc. )
מִגּ ֑֫◌ב
watering-trough ) — 1. cistern ֶא ַמיִם Is 30:14 . 2. pool, marsh ָאָיו
גְּבEz
47:13 ( || ת֯ו
ָ ) בִּצֹּא.
hollow, dig , Arabic cut off or out , , Aramaic גֹּב, Ethiopic Assyrian gubbu ,—all =
Annals Col. viii. 102 ii.
cistern; cf. e.g. Assyrian gubbâni ša mê cisterns of water , Asrb. , KB
220
; v. n.pr. גֹּבinfr.
† גֹּב S 1358
2 S 21:18 , גּוֹבv 19 n.pr.loc. ( cf. Aramaic ָא
גֻּבּden , and ,
Arabic , Ethiopic Assyrian gubbu , well, cistern , v. — ) גבבfield of battle with
Philistines 2 S 21:18 = גֶּזֶרin || 1 Ch 20:4 (so here Th Ew ; cf. Jos 10:33 ), but
= גַּת S 2 S 21:18 ( L Γαζεθ ); 2 S 21:9 (om. || 1 Ch 20:5 ), Ρομ,
Ροβ ; Klo Gath; in v 16 We Dr ( q.v. ) read ְגֹב
בּfor ; בְּנֹבsite of Gob ( si
vera l. ) unknown.
† I. [ ֶה
] גֵּבn. [ p. ] locust ( name from swarm, collection , Ethiopic cf. also
Ethiopic locust √ = Arabic scaturivit, manavit ) , only pl. גֵּבִים Is 33:4 (in sim.
of leaping).— גֵּבII, III , v. sub גוב.
† גֹּבַי S 1462
TWOT 304b , 304c
GK 1479
, ב֑י
ָ גּוֹn. m. ; Am. 7:1 cf. v. 2 coll.
locusts ( swarm, multitude; Aramaic ָא
גּוּב, pl. ; גוּ ָבאֵיon format. v. Ol § 216 d
),
גֹּבַיsymbol of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr. Am 7:1 ; in sim. of disappearance of
Assyrian leaders at destruction of Nineveh ב֑י ָ גּוֹב גּוֹNa 3:17 ( locust -) swarm of
locusts ( || ֶה
;) אַ ְרבּbut del. גּוֹבas dittogr. We al.
גָּבַהּS 1361
TWOT 305
GK 1467
vb. be high, exalted ( NH id. (Hiph.), Aramaic
גְּבַהּ, cf. Arabic forehead , prominence of forehead; compare perhaps also Assyrian
gabâni , heights (?) Lotz ) — Qal Pf. ג׳2 Ch 26:16 + 5 times; ָא
TP 133
֯ גָּֽ ְבהEz 31:5 (
גָּ ַב ְה ָתּ ;) ה = אEz 31:10 , גָּֽבְהוּJb 35:5 + 3 times; Impf. יִגְבַּהּPr 18:12 + 5 times;
sf. ְהוּ יִגְבּEz 31:14 , ִתּגְ ָבּ֑הוּJb 36:7 , ִתּגְּ ָבּ֑הוּJe 13:15 , ִתּגְ ְבּהֶינָהEz 16:50 ; Inf.
ִכּגְבֹ ַהּψ 103:11 , ְלגָ ְבהָהZp 3:11 ;— 1. be high, lofty, tall , e.g. tree Ez 19:11 ; 31:5 ,
10 , 14 , heavens Jb 35:5 Is 55:9 ψ 103:11 , man 1 S 10:23 . 2. be exalted , of man in
dignity and honour Jb 36:7 , of servant of Yahweh Is 52:13 , God Is 5:16 , God’s ways
Is 55:9 . 3. lofty ִבּוֹ
גָּבַהּ ל:— a. in a good sense, encouraged in the ways of Yahweh 2
Ch 17:6 ; b. elsewhere in a bad sense, be haughty ψ 131:1 Pr 18:12 2 Ch 26:16 ;
32:25 Ez 28:2 , 5 , 17 , and so without לבIs 3:16 Je 13:15 Ez 16:50 Zp 3:11 .
Hiph. Pf. ִהגְ ַבּ ְהתִּיEz 17:24 ; Impf. יַגְבִּי ַהּJb 39:27 Je 49:16 Ob 4 ; ה
ָ וַיְַּגבִּי ֶה2 Ch
33:14 ; ִיהוּ
יַגְבּJb 5:7 ; Inf. ַהגְ ֵבּ ַהּIs 7:11 Ez 21:31 ;
Pt. הּ
ַ ַמגְבִּיPr 17:19 ψ 113:5
;— make high, exalt , e.g. trees Ez 17:24 , wall 2 Ch 33:14 , gate Pr 17:19 , nest Je
49:16 Ob 4 , dwelling ψ 113:5 a request Is 7:11 , the lowly Ez 21:31 ; ִיהוּ עוּף יְַגבּ
make their flight high, soar aloft Jb 5:7 , without עוףJb 39:27 .
† ֫
גֹּבַהּ S 1363
TWOT 305b
GK 1470
n. m. height — Jb 22:12 + 9 times; sf.
† גַּבְהוּת S 1365
TWOT 305c
GK 1471
n. f. haughtiness , Is 2:11 , 17 .
† ָה יָגְ ְבּהS 3011 GK 3322 n.pr. ( exalted ? Ol § 277 k. 4 ) place in the tribe of Gad
Nu 32:35 Ju 8:11 ;— Håirbet-Ajbêhât , NW. from Ammân , Bd Pal. 189 .
גבחTWOT 306
( only in foll. derivatives found in P ; cf. also NH גִּ ֵבּ ַח, giant ) .
† גִּ ֵבּ ַח S 1371
TWOT 306a
GK 1477
adj. having a bald forehead , הוּא ג׳ Lv
13:41 ( P || הוּא ֵק ֵר ַח v 40 ).
ַבגַּ ַ ֫בּח
only Lv 13 — abs. Lv 13:42 ( P ; asson. ַת גַּ ַבּחְתּוֹ ;) ְבּ ָק ַר֫חַת אוֹ v 42 , 43
(both P & || ְתּוֹ ;) ָק ַרחin all, as place of appearance of an eruption; v 55 ( P ; || id.
) = in its front , i.e. front of garment.
גֹּבַי S 1462
TWOT 304b , 304c
GK 1479
v. sub גבה.
גַּבַּי S 1373
GK 1480
, לּ֑י
ָ ַס גַּבַּי v. sub. גבב.
גֵּבִים S 1374
GK 1481
n.pr.loc. v. sub גוב.
( גבלaccording to Thes orig. twist, wind , whence not only גַּ ְבלֻת, ִמגְבָּלֹת, but also
( גְּבוּלcord and then) boundary , as determined by measuring cord, or line, whence vb.
denom. ַל גָּבbound, border , q.v. infr. ; NH גָּבַל, Aramaic גְּבַל, mean mix, knead;
Arabic , Syriac = create, fashion; MV assume meaning massive , whence Arabic
mountain ( cf. Assyrian gablu HA 48 ), and גְּבוּלas originally earth-wall, etc., serving as
boundary; this explains ֻת
גַּ ְבלetc. less well ) .
גְּבוּל S 1366
TWOT 307a
GK 1473
240 n. m. Nu 34 , 3 border, boundary,
territory ( NH id. , Punic gubulim ( pl. , Plaut Poen. i. 9 ) — גְּבוּלGn 10:19 + 168
times + Jos 15:47 Kt (but read Qr גְּבֻל ;) גָּדוֹל Nu 21:13 + 9 times; (both, in abs.
& cstr. , e.g. abs. Nu 22:36 ; 34:8 , cstr. Gn 10:19 2 S 21:5 ); sf. גְּבוּלִי 1 Ch
4:10 , ך
ָ גְּבוּ ְלEx 7:27 , גְ ֻב ְל ָךEx 23:31 + 3 times, etc.; pl. (8 times) only sf.
גְּבוּלֶי ָך
Je 15:13 ; 17:3 , etc.;— 1. border, boundary , a. of a land or people:
Canaanites Gn 10:19 ( J ), Edom Nu 20:23 Jos 15:1 , 21 (all P ) cf. Ob 7 ,
Amorites Nu 21:13 ( E ) Jos 13:4 ( D ) cf. 12:5 ( D ) Ju 1:36 , Moab Nu 21:13 ,
15 ; 22:36 ( E ) 33:44 ( P ) Dt 2:18 Ju 11:18 ( ×2 ) 2 K 3:21 Is 15:8 , Ammon Nu
21:24 ( E ) Dt 3:16 Jos 12:2 ; 13:10 (all D ) Am 1:13 , Bashan Jos 12:4 ( D ),
Egypt 1 K 5:1 = 2 Ch 9:26 , Is 19:19 ; especially of promised land Ex 23:31 ;
34:24 (JE) Nu 34:3 + 13 times Nu 34 (all P ) Dt 11:24 ; 12:20 ; 16:4 Jos 1:4 (
D ), cf. Ez 45:1 + 10 times Ez 45–48 ; also of Israel 2 K 14:25 Am 6:2 Mal 1:5
. b. boundary of smaller divisions, e.g. Geshurites Dt 3:14 Jos 12:5 ; 13:11 (all D
), cf. Jos 16:2 , 3 ( J ) 19:12 ( P ); especially of tribes of Israel Dt 3:16 , 17 Jos
13:30 (all D ) 13:16 + 60 times Jos 13–19 ( P );— 15:47 read גדולv. supr. Jos
22:25 ( P ) & 17:8 ; 18:11 ; 24:30 (JE), cf. 1 Ch 6:39 , 51 2 Ch 11:13 Ez 48:1
+ 15 times Ez 48 (incl. v 22 ( ×2 ) q. del. Co );—in 1 S 13:18 read for גְּבוּל,
ַהגֶּבַע We Dr † c. boundary of territory belonging to an individual,—of field,
piece of ground, etc. Gn 23:17 ( P ) Dt 19:14 ; 27:17 , Jos 24:30 ( E ) = Ju 2:9
1 Ch 4:10 Pr 15:25 ; 22:28 ; 23:10 Ho 5:10 . † d. border of stream Nu 22:36 . †
e. limit to waters of deep ψ 104:9 cf. Je 5:22 . † f. a concrete object marking limit,
( α ) barrier in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 40:12 ( del. S Co ) v 12 ; ( β ) border of
altar Ez 43:13 , 17 , 20 ; ( γ ) surrounding wall of restored Zion Is 54:12 (so
Ew Kn Che ; De Brd territory , Di undecided). † 2. territory (enclosed within
boundary), a. of land or people Gn 47:21 ( J ) Ex 7:27 ( P ) 10:4 , 14 ( || ) ארץv
19 ; 13:7 (all J ), Nu 20:16 , 17 , 21 ; 21:22 ( E ; || = ) ארץJu 11:20 , Nu
21:23 ( E ) Dt 2:4 ; 19:3 ( ך
ָ אַ ְר ְצ ) גּ׳ v 8 ; 28:40 Jos 18:5 ( ×2 )
( E ) Ju 11:22 ;
19:29 2 S 21:5 1 K 1:3 2 K 10:32 1 Ch 21:12 ( || ) ארץψ 105:31 ( = ארץin ||
Ez 8:16 , 17 ) v 33 ; 147:14 Je 31:17 Ez 11:10 , 11 Jo 4:6 Zp 2:8 . b.
territory of a city (or limit of such territory) Nu 35:26 , 27 Jos 13:26 Ju 1:18 ( ×3 )
Ez 47:16 ( ×2 ) ; 17 ( ×2 ) ( del. Co ) 48:1 Am 6:2 . † c. territory about
Ezekiel’s temple Ez 43:12 . † d. pl. in like sense (only use of pl. ), of land Mi 5:5
Is 60:18 ( || ) ארץJe 15:13 ; 17:3 , cf. city 1 S 5:6 2 K 15:16 ; 18:8 ; so Ez
27:4 of Tyre. † e. fig. territory (region) of darkness Jb 38:20 ; territory of
wickedness Mal 1:4 (of Edom); territory of his holiness ψ 78:54 (of Canaan).
† [ ָה
גְּבוּלS 1367
TWOT 307b
GK 1474
] n. f. border, boundary — sf. גְּ ֻבלָתוֹ Is
28:25 ; Pl. abs. גְּבֻלֹתNu 32:33 , גְּבֻלוֹתJb 24:2 ; cstr. גְּבוּלוֹתψ 74:17 ,
גְּבוּלֹתIs 10:13 , גְּבֻלֹתDt 32:8 ; sf. גְּבוּלֹתֶי ָהJos 18:20 ; 19:49 , גְבֻלֹתֶי ָה
Nu
34:2 , 12 ; border, boundary of the earth (poet.) ψ 74:17 ; of peoples Is 10:13 Dt
32:8 (poem); of land of Canaan Nu 34:2 , 12 ( P ) Jos 19:49 (JE); of a tribe Jos
18:20 ( P ); of territory about cities Nu 32:33 ( P ?); of a piece of ground Jb 24:2 ;
of barley-field Is 28:25 .
† ִמגְבָּלֹת S 4020
TWOT 307d
GK 4456
n. f. pl. the twisted , i.e. cords , Ex
28:14 cf. Di (appos. ָב
זָה ְשׁרֹת
ְ ַשׁר, || ) שׁ׳ ָהעֲבֹתֹת.
† [ ַל
גָּבS 1379
TWOT 307
GK 1487
] vb. denom. bound, border — Qal Pf. גָּֽבְלוּ
Dt 19:14 ; Impf. 3 ms. יִגְבּוֹל Jos 18:20 , 3 fs. ִתּגְבָּל־ Zc 9:2 ;— bound, border ,
c. acc. Jos 18:20 ( P ); c. ְבּborder upon, adjoin Zc 9:2 ; trans. set bounds Dt
19:14 ( c. acc. cogn. ) Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. set bounds for , c. acc. וְ ִהגְ ַבּ ְל ָ ֫תּEx
19:12 ; Imv. id. ֵל
ַהגְבּv 23 (both JE), + Pt. ַמגְבִּיל Ez 47:18 S B Co .
† גְּבַל S 1380
GK 1488
n.pr.loc. maritime city on the Pheuician coast Ez 27:9 ; (
Ph. = גבלByblus ( Sm Di Jos 13:5 ); in Assyrian Gubli COT Gloss.
) ; mod.
Jebeil Bd Pal 358 ; v. also Furrer ZPV viii. 20 .
† גְּבָל S 1381
GK 1489
n.pr.loc. ( = Arabic , Γεβαληνη ) mountainous region S. of
Dead Sea, Seir, cf. Jos Ant. ii, 1, 2 ; ix, 9, 1
; ψ 83:8 —; גבָל ועמון ועמלקmod.
ii. 357
Jibâl; Seetzen Burckh Travels 401 Rob BR ii, 154
.
† גִּבֵּן S 1384
TWOT 308a
GK 1492
adj. crook-backed, hump-backed ( cf.
Aramaic ִין
גְּבid. , NH גַּבָּןhighlander; also גבין, Aramaic גבינא, , all
NH =
brow ( eyebrow , etc.); cf. Arabic side of forehead ) , Lv 21:20 .
† גְּבִינָה S 1385
TWOT 308b
GK 1482
n. f. curd , or chese ( NH id. , Arabic ,
Ethiopic Aramaic בנָא
ְ גּוּ, cf. ) — וְַכגְּבִינָה ַתּ ְקפִּי ֵאנִי Jb 10:10 ( K ) גְּ ִבנָּה.
† [ ְנֹן
גַּבS 1386
TWOT 308c
GK 1493
] n. [ m. ] peak, rounded summit ; pl.
גַּ ְבנֻנִּים:
ψ 68:16 ָשׁׁן׃ ָ ָשׁ֑ן הַר־ג׳ הַר־בּ
ָ ָהרִים ג׳ ; הַר־אֱלֹהִים הַר־בּv 17 (appos.,
§ 188
Thes Dr al. ; others adj. many-peaked ). Cf. Wetzst Batan. Giebelgeb., 1884 .
† I. ָה
גִּ ְבעS 1389 , 1390
TWOT 309a
GK 1496 , 1497
n. f. hill — abs. גִּ ְבעָה 2 S 2:25
+ 13 times + Ez 6:13 ( del. Co q.v. ) 1 S 7:1 2 S 6:3 , 4 ( cf. Dr ); cstr. גִּ ְבעַת
Jos 5:3 + 8 times + 1 S 10:5 ( cf. Dr ); sf. גִּ ְב ָעתִי Ez 34:26 (but del. Co ),
גִּ ְב ָעתָהּIs 31:4 ; pl. abs. ְגּבָעוֹתDt 12:2 + 35 times; cstr. גִּבְעוֹתDt 33:15 Hb
3:6 , ְעֹת גִּבGn 49:26 ; sf. גִּבְעוֹתֶי ָךEz 35:8 ;— hill, height, elevation , both high
and low, cf. ψ 148:9 ההרים וכל גבעות, 65:13 ;— 1. in ordinary prose, hill ,
lower than mountain Ex 17:9 , 10 ( E ) 2 S 2:25 ; it may be n.pr. in 1 S 7:1 ;
10:10 2 S 6:3 , 4 v. also sub II. ָה
גִּ ְבע. 2. especially as place of illicit worship עַל
כָּל־ג׳ גְּבֹהָה ותחת כל עץ רענן1 K 14:23 2 K 17:10 Je 2:20 ; cf. Dt 12:2 2 K
16:4 2 Ch 28:4 (these two + ;) במותalso Ho 4:13 Je 13:27 ; 17:2 Ez 6:13 ( v.
supr. ). 3. very commonly || הרin poet. & proph. Dt 33:15 ψ 72:3 ; 114:4 , 6 ;
148:9 Ct 2:8 ; 4:6 Is 2:2 , 14 ; 30:17 , 25 ; 31:4 ; 40:4 , 12 ; 41:15 ; 42:15 ;
54:10 ; 55:12 ; 65:7 Je 3:23 ; 4:24 ; 16:16 ; 50:7 Ez 6:3 ; 34:6 ; 35:8 ; 36:4 , 6
Ho 4:13 ; 10:8 Jo 4:18 Am 9:13 Mi 4:1 ; 6:1 Na 1:5 Hb 3:6 ; rarely in prose
Dt 12:2 ; sometimes as rejoicing ψ 65:13 , majestic (poet.) ג׳ עולםGn 49:26 Dt
33:15 Hb 3:6 (‘everlasting hills’); cf. also Jb 15:7 ; high Pr 8:25 (with adj. high
, cf. supr. ) Je 49:16 . 4. hills with special names, some nearly or quite = n.pr.loc.
, which see under the respective words: ֶה ג׳ הַמּוֹרJu 7:1 teacher’s hill , in valley of
Jezreel; ָלוֹת
ָה ֲער ג׳ Jos 5:3 hill of the fore-skins; ִים
ָהאֱלֹה
ג׳1 S 10:5 (a
designation of Gibeah); ָה ג׳ ַה ֲחכִיל1 S 23:19 ; 26:1 , 3 ; ג׳ אַמָּה2 S 2:24 ; ג׳
ַהלְּבוֹנָהCt 4:6 (i.e. hill where frankincense is grown); ג׳ ָגּ ֵר֑בJe 31:39 ; ְרוּשׁלַם
ָ ג׳ י
Is 10:32 cf. 31:4 (where || ִיּוֹן ) הַר־צ, Ez 34:26 ( v. supr. ) & ַהגְּבָעוֹתZp 1:10
hills on which Jerusalem stands.
† ִמגְבָּעוֹת S 4021
TWOT 309c
GK 4457
n. f. pl. head-gear, turban , of common
priest (conical or convex), Ex 28:40 Lv 8:13 ; ָעֹת
ִמגְבּEx 29:9 ; 39:28 ( ַפּ ֲארֵי
) הַםּ׳.
גְּבַר S 1400
TWOT 2647a
v. following.
גּבּוֹר159 adj. strong, mighty ( cf. Arabic one who magnifies himself, behaves
proudly, a tyrant, who is bold, audacious ) — Gn 10:9 + 58 times; גִּבֹּרGn 10:8 +
2 times; ָם
גִּבּוֹר1 S 17:51 ; pl. גִּבּוֹרִים Je 46:9 + 27 times; ִים
גִּבֹּרJos 10:2 + 21
times; cstr. גִּבּוֹרֵי 1 Ch 11:27 + 29 times; ֵי
גִּבֹּר1 Ch 9:26 + 4 times; sf. גִּבּוֹרֶי ָך
Ho 10:13 + ( var. sfs. 11 times);— 1. adj. גִּבּוֹר ַבּ ְבּ ֵהמָהmightiest among beasts
Pr 30:30 ; ִישׁ גִּבּוֹר
א1 S 14:52 ; גִּבּוֹר בָּאָרֶץψ 112:2 ; גִּבּוֹר ַציִדmighty in hunting
Gn 10:9 ( J ); מלך גבורDn 11:3 ; ֵל גִּבּוֹר אthe Messiah Is 9:5 ; attribute of God
especially as fighting for his people ψ 24:8 ( ×2 ) Dt 10:17 Ne 9:32 Is 10:21 Je
32:18 ( cf. Arabic ). 2. n. m. strong, valiant man Jos 10:2 ( E ) Gn 6:4 ; 10:8 ( J
) Ju 5:13 , 23 1 S 2:4 + 16 times 1 K 1:8 , 10 2 K 24:16 1 Ch 1:10 + 11 times
Ezr 7:28 Jb 16:14 ψ 19:6 ; 33:16 ; 45:4 ; 52:3 ; 78:65 ; 89:20 ; 120:4 ; 127:4
Pr 16:32 ; 21:22 Ct 3:7 ( ×2 ) ; 4:4 Ec 9:11 Is 3:2 ; 13:3 ; 21:17 ; 42:13 ; 49:24 ,
25 Je 5:16 + 17 times Ez 32:12 + 5 times Ho 10:13 Jo 2:7 ; 4:9 , 10 , 11 Am
2:14 , 16 Ob 9 Na 2:4 Zp 1:14 ; 3:17 Zc 9:13 ; 10:5 , 7 ; cf. phrases גִּבּוֹר חיל
mighty man of valour Ju 6:12 ; 11:1 1 S 9:1 ; 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1 ( ַחיִל
מְצֹ ָר֑ע וְ ָהאִישׁ ָהיָה גִּבּוֹרso al. L ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἠ̂ν λεπρός , cf. also Klo
’s dub. emend.), 1 Ch 12:28 ; 28:1 2 Ch 13:3 ; 17:16 , 17 ; 25:6 ; 32:21 ; אישׁ
גבור חילRu 2:1 ; גבורי החילJos 1:14 ( D ) 6:2 ; 10:7 (JE) 2 K 15:20 ; 24:14 ;
אישׁ גבורי החילJos 8:3 ; גברי חיל1 Ch 5:24 + 14 times Ne 11:14 ; גבורי
חילים1 Ch 7:5 , 7 , 11 , 40 ; גבורי החילים1 Ch 11:26 ; גברי כחψ 103:20 ;
גבורי מלחמה2 Ch 13:3 ; גברי השׁערים1 Ch 9:26 ; בית הגבוריםNe 3:16 ;
הגבורים (ה) ָצבָא2 S 10:7 1 Ch 19:8 ; ראשׁי הגברים1 Ch 11:10 ; גבורים
לשׁתותvaliant to drink Is 5:22 .
† גְּבִיר S 1376
TWOT 310d
GK 1484
n. m. lord , Gn 27:29 , 37 .
† גְּבִירָה S 1377
TWOT 310d
GK 1485
n. f. 1. lady, queen , 1 K 11:19 ; 2. queen-
mother , 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 ; ִגּ׳
וַיְ ִס ֶר ָה מhe removed her from (the position
of) queenmother; cf. 2 K 10:13 Je 13:18 ; 29:2 .
† ֵל
גַּ ְברִיאS 1403
GK 1508
n.pr. m. ( man of Ēl ) an archangel Dn 8:16 ; 9:21 (
cf. Lu 1:19 ).
גבשׁTWOT 311
( be firm, massive , cf. Assyrian gabâšu , be thick, massive , Zim
BP 76
, & deriv.; cf. also Aramaic ֵשׁ גַּבּPa. heap up , Heb. ְשׁוּשׁית
ִ גַּבheight, hill ) .
† ִישׁ גָּבS 1378 TWOT 311a GK 1486 n. m. crystal ( cf. ֶא ְלגָּבִישׁhail —on
relation of meanings cf. Gk. κρύσταλλος , & Ethiopic usage of Di Lex. Aeth. 759 —
Arabic gypsum , Assyrian gibšu , mass, abundance , COT Gloss ) — ִישׁ רָאמוֹת וְגָב
Jb 28:18 coral and crystal .
† ַמגְבִּישׁ S 4019
GK 4455
n.pr. m. Ezr 2:30 ְבּנֵי ם׳ Μαγεβως , etc., a family
of returning exiles, om. || Ne 7:33 , but A אΜαγεβως etc., L Μαγβεις ;
cf. Sm Listen 15 .
גִּבְּתוֹן S 1405
GK 1510
v. sub גבב.
† גָּג S 1406
TWOT 312
GK 1511
n. m. roof, top ( NH id. ; Di comp. Ethiopic
vinculum (ferreum), jugo simil. collare ferreum; √ dub. ; Thes proposes ; גגג
perhaps = ( גגג ) גנגןcover Bö § 292 ) — גָּגJos 2:6 + 9 times +
Sta § 189 a
MV
1 S 9:26 Kt ( Qr ) ֫גָּגָה, ֫גָּגָהJos 2:6
1 S 9:26 Qr ( Kt ;) גגcstr. Ju 9:51 + 2
times + Ez 40:13 ( del. Co v. infr. ); sf. ֑ך ָ ֶ גַּגּDt 22:8 , גַּגּוֹEx 30:3 + 2 times +
Ez 40:13 ( del. Co v. infr. ); pl. גַּגּוֹתIs 37:27 + 5 times; sf. ה ָ גַּגּוֹתֶיIs 15:3 ,
גַּגּוֹתֵיהֶםJe 32:29 , גַּגֹּתֵיהֶםJe 19:13 ;— 1. roof (of house) Dt 22:8 Jos 2:6 ( ×2 ) ,
8 Ju 16:27 1 S 9:25 , 26 2 S 11:2 ( ×2 ) ; 16:22 2 K 19:26 = Is 37:27 , Ne 8:16
ψ 102:8 ; 129:6 Pr 21:9 ; 25:24 Is 15:3 ; 22:1 Je 48:38 ; as places of idolatrous
worship (especially of heavenly bodies) Je 19:13 ; 32:29 Zp 1:5 ; so ָז ַהגָּג ֲע ִליֵּת אָח
2 K 23:12 , roof of tower Ju 9:51 , over gate 2 S 18:24 , of chamber Ez 40:13 ( ×2 )
(but Co ) קיר. 2. top of altar of incense, in tabern. Ex 30:3 ; 37:26 (both P ).
GK 1514
, ָד
גִּ ְדגּS 2735
GK 1515
, ָה
גֻּדְגֹּדS 1412
GK 1516
v. sub גדד.
†[ גָּדַדS 1413
TWOT 313
GK 1517 , 1518
] vb. penetrate, cut ( NH id. , cut, cut out ,
Aramaic ְגּדַד, , Arabic cut, cut off; Ethiopic in deriv. ) — Qal Impf. ψ 94:21 ַצדִּיק
יָג֯וֹדּוּ עַל־נֶפֶשׁthey attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man ( Ol
proposes יָגוּרוּcf. 56:7 ; 59:4 where, however, Che ; יגודוsi vera l. , perhaps
denom. from גְּדוּדcf. Ho 6:9 & infr. ; cf. also & גודKö i 356 ). Hithpo. Impf.
יִתְגֹּדַדJe 16:6 ; 2 fs. ִתּתְגֹּ ֲדדִיMi 4:14 , ִתּתְגּוֹ ָד֑דִיJe 47:5 ; pl. וַיִּתְגֹּדְדוּ1 K
18:28 , ד֑דוּ
ָ יִתְגּוֹJe 5:7 + Ho 7:14 v. infr. , ִתּתְגֹּדְדוּDt 14:1 ; Pt. pl. ִמתְגֹּ ְדדִים
Je 41:5 ;— 1. cut oneself , as religious (heathen) practice 1 K 18:28 ; practised also by
men of Shechem, etc. in worship of ( י׳late) Je 41:5 ; for the dead, forbidden Dt 14:1
ָשׂימוּ ָק ְרחָה בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם ָלמֵת לֹא ִתתְגֹּדְדוּ ִ וְלֹא ת, Je 16:6 ; cf. 47:5 (subject
Philistia personified); also for MT ררוּ ֖ ָ יִתְגּוֹHo 7:14 Codd, they cut themselves ,
Gr Che RVm , read We Now Marti Harper ( cf. I , II. ) גּוּר. 2. gather in troops , or
bands; go in troops or throngs, throng; (denominative from גְּדוּדq.v. ) cf. ַת־גְּדוּד ב
ִתּתְגֹּ ֲדדִיMi 4:14 (addressed to Jerusalem); Je 5:7 read prob. יִתְגֹּ ָר֑רוּ Gie Du
al. ְגּ׳ וּבֵית זוֹנָה יִתand to a harlot’s house they throng .
Marti K. Marti.
I. גְּדוּד S 1416 , 1417 , 1418
TWOT 313a , 313b
GK 1521 , 1522 , 1523
n. m. Gn 49 , 19
band, troop ( as making inroads; others, as a division, detachment (as severed), but
this usually later in Heb. ) — ג׳ abs. 1 S 30:8 + 19 times; cstr. 2 Ch 25:9 ; pl.
גְּדוּדִים 2 S 4:2 + 2 times; cstr. גְּדוּדֵי 2 K 6:23 + 6 times; sf. גְּדוּדָיוJb 19:12 ;
25:3 ;— 1. marauding band (making incursions, inroads , cf. ) גדד1 S 30:8 , 15 (
×2 )
, 23 cf. 1 Ch 12:22 , also 2 Ch 22:1 1 K 11:24 2 K 5:2 ; 6:23 ; 13:20 , 21 ;
24:2 ( ×4 ) cf. 2 S 22:30 = ψ 18:30 , & Gn 49:19 ( v. גַּד30:11) Ho 6:9 ; 7:1 Je
18:22 ; ֵי גְּדוּדִים
ָשׂר2 S 4:2 , cf. ָאשׁי ַהגְּדוּד ֵ וַיִּ ְתּנֵם ְבּר1 Ch 12:19 ; fig. of God’s
attacking forces, his chastisements Jb 19:12 ( cf. 25:3 infr. ) 2. troop , of divisions
of army of Isr. (late) ֵי
ְצבָא ִמ ְל ָחמָה גְּדוּד1 Ch 7:4 , cf. 2 Ch 26:11 ; band of Israel ,
i.e. troop of mercenaries hired from Isr. by Amaziah 2 Ch 25:9 , 10 ; הגְּדוּד
ַ ְבּנֵיi.e.
soldiers of the band 2 Ch 25:13 ; of army in general ך
ְ ְכּ ֶמ ֶל ַבּגְּדוּד Jb 26:25 , in sim.
; also Mi 4:14 בַּת־גְּדוּדof Zion. 3. foray, raid 2 S 3:22 .
† II. [ ְדוּד גּS 1416 , 1417 , 1418 TWOT 313a , 313b GK 1521 , 1522 , 1523 , or גְּדוּדָהS 1418
TWOT 313b GK 1523 ] n. [ m. or f. ] furrow, cutting — 1. furrow , pl. defect.
גְּדוּ ֶד֑ ָהψ 65:11 ( || ) ְתּ ָלמֶי ָה. 2. pl. גְּדֻדֹת, cuttings upon hands, cf. נדדHithpo. 1.
sign of mourning Je 48:37 ( || ) שׂק.
† I. ַד
גּS 1407 , 1408 , 1409
TWOT 313c , 313d , 313e
GK 1512 , 1513
n. m. coriander ( NH
גִּיד, Aramaic ; גִּידָּאconnexion with above √ dub. ; v. further Löw No. 155
)—
זֶרַע גַּדEx 16:31 Nu 11:7 , sim. of manna.
† II. [ ַד
גּS 1407 , 1408 , 1409
TWOT 313c , 313d , 313e
GK 1512 , 1513
] 1. n. [ m. ] fortune,
good fortune ( Arabic id. , Aramaic גַּדָּא, ) — Gn 30:11 כּגד ְ ( ֑גָד
Kt , i.e. בּגָד בָּא
Qr ), ἐν τύχῃ , by or with good fortune . 2. n.pr. m. god of fortune ( Arabic
We Skizzen iii. 171
; גדnamed often in Ph. & Aramaic inscript. , & found in Ph. &
Aramaic n.pr. , Bae Rel 76 f.
Nö ZMG 1888, 479
; v. especially Siegf JPTh 1875, 356 ff.
)
— c. ְל+ art. ַלגַּד Is 65:11 cf. Che .
Siegf C. Siegfried.
JPTh Jahrbücher für Prot. Theol.
strictly as personal name Gn 30:11 ; 35:26 ; 46:16 Ex 1:4 cf. Gn 49:19 1 Ch
2:2 . b. as name of tribe Nu 1:14 Dt 27:13 ; 33:20 ( ×2 ) Jos 18:7 Ez 48:27 , 28 ;
cf. ֶץ גָּד ֶאר1 S 13:7 v. also Je 49:1 , ַשׁעַר גָּדEz 48:34 , on ַהגָּד ַהנַּחַל2 S 24:5
cf. We Dr ; explicitly גָּד ַמטֵּהNu 1:25 ; 2:14 ; 13:15 Jos 13:24 ; 20:8 ; 21:7 ,
36 1 Ch 6:48 , 65 ; once, בנֵי־גָד
ְ ְצבָא ַמטֵּהNu 10:20 ; ( ְבּנֵי גָדMI 10 ) אש גדNu
1:24 + 12 times Nu; Jos 4:12 + 14 times Jos; 1 Ch 5:11 ; 12:14 . † 2. a prophet in
David’s time, called ִיא
נָב1 S 22:5 , but ַהנָּבִיא חֹזֶה ָדוִד2 S 24:11 & || ָדוִיד חֹזֵה
1 Ch 21:9 , ַחֹזֶה
ה1 Ch 29:29 & חֹזֵה־ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך2 Ch 29:25 . ִמגְדַּל־גַּדv. p. 154 .
† I. ִי
גָּדS 1424 , 1425
GK 1532 , 1533
adj. gent. of גָּד1 , Gadite 2 S 23:36 (so
perhaps also || 1 Ch 11:38 where MT ַהְגרִי q.v. ; cf. Th Be Dr ); elsewhere as
n.pr. coll. : so 1 Ch 5:18 (only here without art., read perhaps גָּדso ), Dt 3:12
, 16 ; 4:43 ; 29:7 Jos 1:12 ; 12:6 ; 13:8 ; 22:1 2 K 10:33 1 Ch 5:26 ; 12:8 , 37
; 26:32 .
גַּדָּה S 2693
GK 1520
in ג׳ ֲחצַר v. sub חצר.
† גַּדִּי S 1426
GK 1534
n.pr. m. ( my fortune ) a man of Manasseh Nu 13:11 .
† ֫ גֻּד
ְגֹּדָה S 1412
GK 1516
c. art. הֻגּדְגֹּ֫דָה
ַ n.pr.loc. ( meaning dub. ) station of
Israel in wilderness Dt 10:7 ( ×2 )
(in || Nu 33:32 חֹר ַהגִּ ְדגָּ֑דv. sub ) חֹר.
† ְמגִדּוֹ S 4023
GK 4459
and ( Zc 12:11 ) ִדּוֹן
ְמגS 4023
GK 4461
n.pr.loc. (
connexion with above √ not clear; Μαγεδδω, Μεκεδω, Μαγεδω , etc.; B
Mageddo; Assyrian Magadû, Magidû , COT Gloss
Dl Pa 287
) old Canaanitish city,
assigned to Manasseh 1 K 4:12 ; 9:15 2 K 9:27 ; 23:29 , 30 ; ך ם׳
ְ ֶמ ֶלJos 12:21 ;
ישׁבֵי ם׳
ְ Jos 17:11 = Ju 1:27 ; ֵי ם׳ מJu 5:19 ; ִבּ ְקעַת ם׳Zc 12:11 2 Ch 35:22
BR ii, 329 f. 364
;—mod. Lejjûn ( = legio ) Rob Bd Pal 229 .
גדהTWOT 314
( cut, cut or tear away ? )
† [ ָה
גָּדS 1415 , 1428
TWOT 314a
GK 1536
] n. f. bank of river ( cf. Arabic id. ,
Aramaic גּוּדָּא, wall ) , ָיו
גְּדוֹתJos 3:15 ; 4:18 1 Ch 12:16 Is 8:7 .
† גְּדִי S 1423
TWOT 314b
GK 1531
n. m. Gn 27 , 9 kid ( NH id. , Arabic Ph.
גדא, Aramaic גַּ ְדיָא, ; cf. Assyrian gadû, gadiia , Meissner ZA iv. 1889, 286
Zehnpfund BAS i. 505 ) — ִי ְגּדGn 38:17 + 12 times ( abs. Gn 38:23 + , &
(generally) cstr. Gn 38:17 + ); pl. דיִים ָ ְ גּ1 S 10:3 , cstr. ְגּ ָדיֵיGn 27:9 , 16 ;—
kid , almost always עוִּים ִ ג׳Gn 27:9 , 16 ; 38:17 , 20 Ju 6:19 ; 13:15 , 19 ; 15:1
1 S 16:20 ; abs. Ex 23:19 ; 34:26 Dt 14:21 (all ) לא תבשׁל ג׳ בחלב אמו, & c.
הGn 38:23 Ju 14:6 ; abs. pl. 1 S 10:3 ;— cf. also עֵין גֶּ֫דִי.
art. ַגּ׳
† [ דיָּה
ִ ְ גּS 1429
TWOT 314c
GK 1537
] n. f. only pl. kids sf. גְּדִיֹּ ַתיְִך Ct 1:8 ( ||
) הצאן.
† ָגּדַלS 1431
TWOT 315
GK 1540
115 vb. grow up, become great ( Aramaic ַל
גְּד
(Ithpe.), twist, twine , Arabic twist a cord, make firm, strong, become strong , so NH )
— Qal Pf. ג׳etc. Gn 38:14 + 14 times; sf. לנִי ַ ְגּ ֵדJb 31:18 ; Impf. יִגְדַּלetc. ψ 35:27
+ 34 times;— 1. grow up , a. child Gn 21:8 , 20 ; 25:27 ; 38:11 , 14 Ex 2:10 , 11
(JE) Ju 11:2 ; 13:24 Ru 1:13 1 S 2:21 ; 3:19 1 K 12:8 , 10 ( = 2 Ch 10:8 , 10 ) 2
K 4:18 ; ְאָב גְּ ֵד ַלנִי כhe grew upo to me as to a father Jb 31:18 ; b. lamb 2 S 12:3 . 2.
become great , a. in extent, wealthy Gn 26:13 ( ×2 ) ; 41:40 (JE) Je 5:27 ; b. in value,
ְבּעֵינֵי י׳, גָּֽ ְדלָה נֶפֶשׁ ְבּ ֵעיָנ֑יprized by 1 S 26:24 ( ×2 ) ; c. in intensity, grief Jb 2:13 ,
mourning Zc 12:11 , punishment La 4:6 , trespass Ezr 9:6 ; d. in sound, loud cry Gn
19:13 ( J ); e. in importance, of a king Ec 2:9 1 K 10:23 ( = 2 Ch 9:22 ) Dn 8:9 , 10
(under fig. of horn), chief Gn 24:35 ; 48:19 ( J ), Messiah Mi 5:3 , Jerusalem Ez 16:7
; f. of God 2 S 7:22 ψ 104:1 , his works ψ 92:6 , his power Nu 14:17 ( J ). 3. to be
magnified , a. house of David Zc 12:7 ; b. Yahweh ψ 35:27 ; 40:17 ; 70:5 Mal 1:5 ,
his name 2 S 7:26 ( = 1 Ch 17:24 ). Pi. Pf. ִגּדַּלJos 4:14 Est 3:1 ; דּ֔ל ֵ ִגּIs 49:21 ;
ִגּ ֵדּ֑לָה Is 51:18 , etc.; Impf. יְגַדֵּל Is 44:14 + 8 times; Imv. גַּדְּלוּ ψ 34:4 ; Inf. גַּדֵּל
Meissner B. Meissner.
Nu 6:5 + 3 times; Pt. ִים ְמגַ ְדּל2 K 10:6 ( ) ְמגַדְּלוֹתCt 5:13 B Hi Bö De );—
1. cause to grow , e.g. hair Nu 6:5 ( P ), plants Jon 4:10 Is 44:14 Ez 31:4 Ct 5:13 ;
bring up children 2 K 10:6 Is 1:2 ; 23:4 ; 49:21 ; 51:18 Dn 1:5 Ho 9:12 . 2. make
great, powerful Gn 12:2 ( J ) Jos 3:7 ; 4:14 ( D ) 1 K 1:37 , 47 1 Ch 29:12 , 25 2
Ch 1:1 Est 3:1 ; 5:11 ; 10:2 . 3. magnify , a. man Jb 7:17 ; b. God ψ 34:4 w. ל,
69:31 . Pu. Pt. pl. ְמֻג ָדּלִיםbrought up ψ 144:12 . Hiph. Pf. ִהגְדִּיל ψ 41:10 + , etc.;
Impf. יַגְדִּילIs 42:21 Dn 8:25 , etc.; Inf. ַהגְדִּיל 1 Ch 22:8 Am 8:5 ; Pt. ַמגְדִּיל ψ
18:51 ( = מגְדֹּיל ִ in || 2 S 22:51 ); pl. ַמְגדִּילִים
ψ 35:26 ;— 1. make great , e.g.
shekel Am 8:5 , pile for fire Ez 24:9 , joy Is 9:2 , counsel Is 28:29 , wisdom Ec 1:16 ,
works Ec 2:4 , house of Yahweh 1 Ch 22:5 ; the heel ψ 41:10 either lifted high ( Ges ),
or ( cf. De Now ) gave me insidiously a great fall; cf. ך ָ ג׳ פִּיOb 12 i.e. utter proud
words ( v. רחבHiph.). 2. magnify , salvation ψ 18:51 , so || 2 S 22:51 ( Kt > ; ַמגְדִּיל
Qr ) ִמגְדֹּל. mercy Gn 19:19 ( J ), teaching Is 42:21 , the word of Yahweh ψ 138:2 . 3.
do great things ֲשׂוֹת ִהגְדִּיל ַלע, a. in a good sense, of God ψ 126:2 , 3 Jo 2:21 , also
pregn. without Inf. 1 S 12:24 . b. in bad sense, of ‘the northern one’ Jo 2:20 , also
pregn. without Inf. La 1:9 Zp 2:8 , 10 Dn 8:4 , 8 , 11 , 25 ; with ַל ע, of enemies ψ
35:26 ; 38:17 ; 55:13 Jb 19:5 Je 48:26 , 42 ; Ez 35:13 of speaking ֶם
ְבּפִיכ ג׳ ָעלַי. c.
also, with Inf. implied, wept greatly 1 S 20:41 . Hithp. Pf. וְ ִה ְתגַּ ִדּ ְל ִ ֫תּיEz 38:23 I will
magnify myself , shew myself great and powerful (of God); Impf. תגַּדֵּל ְ ִ י, with עַלin a
bad sense, magnify oneself against Is 10:15 Dn 11:36 ; דּ֑ל
ָ יִ ְתַגּDn 11:37 .
† ֵל גָּדS 1432 TWOT 315a GK 1541 pt. m. or adj. verbal. becoming great,
growing up , Gn 26:13 ( J ) 1 S 2:26 ( cf. Dr ) 2 Ch 17:12 ; also great , pl. cstr.
ָשׂר
ָ גִּ ְדלֵי בEz 16:26 great of flesh .
† ֫
גֹּדֶל S 1433
TWOT 315b
GK 1542
n. m. greatness — Dt 32:3 + 5 times; sf.
† ִים גְּ ִדלS 1434 TWOT 315c GK 1544 n. [ m. ] pl. twisted threads ( NH גְּדִיל,
Bab. gidlu, cord on which onions were strung, a string of onions, Zehnpfund BAS i.
511
; Aramaic ָא גְּדִיל, thread, cord, rope , also plaited locks , id. ) — 1. tassels Dt
22:12 on border of garment ( || ִת
צִיצNu 15:38 , 39 ). 2. festoons , on capitals of
columns 1 K 7:17 .
גָּדוֹל S 1419
TWOT 315d
GK 1472 , 1524
522 adj. great — ג׳Gn 4:13 + 279 times;
גָּדֹלDt 26:8 + 22 times; cstr. גְּדוֹלEx 15:16 belongs rather sub גֹּדֶל ֫ Ez 17:3 ,
7 , גְּדֹלEx 15:16 Je 32:19 , ָל־ ֯ גְּדψ 145:8 Na 1:3 ; sf. גְּדוֹלָם
גְּדPr 19:19 , ָול־
Je 6:13 + 2 times; pl. ִים
גְּדוֹלEx 7:4 + 11 times, גְּדֹלִיםGn 12:17 + 22 times;
cstr. ֵי
גְּדֹלψ 79:11 2 K 10:6 ; sf. גְּדֹלָיו2 K 10:11 Jon 3:7 ; גְּדוֹלֶי ָהNa 3:10 ;
f. ָה גְּדוֹלNu 22:18 + 96 times; גְּדֹלָהGn 15:12 + 31 times; pl. גְּדוֹלֹתNe 9:26 ;
12:31 , גְּדֹלוֹתDt 27:2 + 30 times, גְּדֹלֹתNu 13:28 + 7 times;— great , 1. in
magnitude and extent , e.g. sea Nu 34:6 , river Gn 15:18 , wilderness Dt 1:19 , rain
1 K 18:45 , mountain Zc 4:7 , city Gn 10:12 , house Je 52:13 , altar Jos 22:10 ,
throne 2 Ch 9:17 , sea-monsters Gn 1:21 , fish Jon 2:1 , eagle Ez 17:3 , terebinth 2
S 18:9 , substance Gn 15:14 , wealth Dn 11:2 , victory 1 S 19:5 ; 1 S 19:22 בּוֹר
ַהגָּדוֹלread ב׳ הַגֹּרֶןaccording to We Dr . 2. in number , e.g. nation Gn 12:2 ,
congregation Je 31:8 , camp 1 Ch 12:22 , army Ez 17:17 , sacrifice 2 K 10:19 .
slaughter Dt 28:59 1 S 4:17 . 3. in intensity , fear Dt 4:34 , weeping Is 38:3 , power
כֹ ַחEx 32:11 , joy Jon 4:6 , anger Dt 29:23 , indignation Je 21:5 , sin Gn 20:9 ,
iniquity Gn 4:13 , evil Gn 39:9 , trespass Ez 9:7 . 4. in sound, loud voice Gn 39:14 ,
cry Ex 11:6 , shout Jos 6:5 . 5. in age , elder, eldest, son Gn 27:1 , daughter Gn
29:16 , brother Gn 10:21 , sister Ez 16:46 . 6. in importance , a. things † ָר ( ַה) ָדּב
( ַה)גָּדֹלan important thing or affair Ex 18:22 Dt 4:32 1 S 12:16 2 K 5:13 ; 8:13
; יום יהוהJe 30:7 Ho 2:2 Jo 2:11 ; 3:4 Zp 1:14 Mal 3:23 . b. of men, great,
distinguished , Moses Ex 11:3 , David 2 S 5:10 , Job Jb 1:3 , Mordecai Est 9:4 ,
kings Ec 9:14 Je 27:7 ; especially of king of Assyrian הגָּדוֹל
ַ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך2 K 18:19 , 28
= Is 36:4 , 13 , = Assyrian šarru rabbu, šarru dannu , e.g. KB i. 94, 1. 1
; ַהגָּדוֹל
הַכֹּהֵןthe h. p. Lv 21:10 + 20 times; ( ָה)אִישׁ גָּדוֹל1 S 25:2 2 S 19:33 2 K 5:1 ;
ִשּׁה גְדוֹלָה
ָ א2 K 4:8 ; † גָּדוֹלa great man 2 S 3:38 Mi 7:3 ; לֹא ֶת ְהדַּר ְפּנֵי גָדוֹל
thou shalt not honour (favour) the person of a great man ( opp. ָל ) דּLv 19:15 ( H );
† ִים ( ַה)גְּדוֹלthe great 2 S 7:9 = 1 Ch 17:8 Ne 11:14 ( vid. infr. ) Pr 18:16 ;
25:6 Je 5:5 ( 2 K 10:11 L ἀγχιστεύοντας , Klo ָיו ;) גֹּ ֲאלfurther ָהעִיר גְּדֹלֵי
2 K 10:6 ; ָיו (כָּל־)גְּדֹל2 K 10:11 ; Jon 3:7 ; גְּדוֹלֶי ָה כָּל־Na 3:10 . c. † of God,
himself 2 Ch 2:4 Ne 4:8 ; 8:6 ψ 86:10 ; 99:2 ; 135:5 ; 147:5 Is 12:6 Je 10:6 ;
( ָה)אֵל ( ַה)גָּדוֹלDt 7:21 ; 10:17 Ne 1:5 ; 9:32 ψ 77:14 ; 95:3 Je 32:18 Dn 9:4 ;
גדול מכל האלהיםEx 18:11 ; גדול ומהלל מאד1 Ch 16:25 ψ 48:2 ; 96:4 ;
145:3 ; מלך גדולψ 47:3 ; 95:3 Mal 1:14 ; † his works Dt 11:7 Ju 2:7 ψ 111:2 ,
† glory ψ 21:6 ; 138:5 , † name Jos 7:9 1 S 12:22 1 K 8:42 2 Ch 6:32 ψ 76:2
; 99:3 Je 10:6 ; 44:26 Ez 36:23 Mal 1:11 ( ×2 ) , mercy 1 K 3:6 2 Ch 1:8 ψ
57:11 ; 86:13 ; 108:5 , goodness Ne 9:25 , compassion Is 54:7 . 7. in phrases †
עוֹד הַיּוֹם גָּדוֹלit is yet high day ( Fr . grand jour , Germ. hoch am Tage , the day is
at its height) Gn 29:7 ; † ( ַכּקָּטֹן ַכּגָּדֹלor reverse) as well small as great Dt 1:17
1 Ch 25:8 ; 26:13 2 Ch 31:15 ; † ַד גָּדוֹל ( ( ְל) ִמקָּטֹן וְעor reverse) from small to
great Gn 19:11 1 S 5:9 ; 30:2 , 19 2 K 23:2 ; 25:26 2 Ch 15:13 ; 34:30 Est 1:5
, 20 Je 6:13 ; 8:10 ; 31:34 ; 42:1 , 8 ; 44:12 Jon 3:5 . 8. cstr. פיִםַ ָגְּדֹל ( ַה) ְכּנ
great of wings Ez 17:3 , 7 , so of anger Pr 19:19 ( Qr ); usually of God, in power
Na 1:3 , counsel, Je 32:19 , mercy ψ 145:8 . 9. as subst. concr. † עשׂה גדלותdo
great things , of God’s great acts of redemption and judgment Dt 10:21 Jb 5:9 ;
9:10 ; 37:5 ψ 71:19 ; 106:21 ; of the miracles of Elisha 2 K 8:4 ; of things too
great and so presumptuous, haughty תבקשׁ ג׳Je 45:5 ; מדברת ג׳ψ 12:4 ; הלכתי
בג׳ לא ψ 131:1 ( cf. Biblical Aramaic Dn 7:8 , 11 , 20 ; also Rev 13:5 ). 10. † as
subst. neut. greatness of arm Ex 15:16 ; cf. גָּבֹ ַהּ4 .
† גְּדוּלָּה S 1420
TWOT 315e
GK 1525
n. f. greatness — 2 S 7:21 + 3 times; ָה
גְּ ֻדלּ
1 Ch 29:11 ; cstr. ְגּ ֻדלַּת Est 10:2 ; sf. גְּדוּלָּתוֹEst 1:4 ; ְגּ ֻדלָּתוֹψ 145:3 ; גְּ ֻד ָלּתִיψ
71:21 ; ך ֯ גְ ֻדלּψ 145:6 ; pl.
ָ ָו ְת intens. ֻלּוֹת
גְּד1 Ch 17:19 , 21 ;—chiefly late Heb.
a. of Psalmist ψ 7:21 , Mordecai Est 6:3 ; 10:2 , king Est 1:4 ; b. of God’s
greatness , as an attribute 1 Ch 29:11 ψ 145:3 , 6 , or of his acts 2 S 7:21 ( cf. Dr
) v 23 = 1 Ch 17:19 ( ×2 ) , 21 .
† ַהגְּדוֹלִים S 1419
TWOT 315d
GK 2045
n.pr. m. father of Zabdiel Ne 11:14 (
RV & so most; but RVm al. the great ) .
† ֵל גִּדּS 1435 GK 1543 n.pr. m. ( very great ) — 1. head of one of the families of
Nethinim Ezr 2:47 Ne 7:49 . 2. head of one of the families of Solomon’s servants
Ezr 2:56 Ne 7:58 .
† ליָה
ְ גְּ ַדS 1436 GK 1545 n.pr. m. ( Yah is great ) — 1. governor of Judea
appointed by Nebuchadnezzar Je 40:5 , 8 ; 41:16 . 2. son of Amariah, a son of
Hezekiah Zp 1:1 . 3. priest of the sons of Jeshua Ezr 10:18 .
† ֵל ִמגְדַּל־אS 4027 GK 4466 n.pr. ( tower of God ) stronghold in Naphtali Jos
BR
19:38 prob. = Μαγδαλά Matt 15:39 = Mejdel in the plain of Gennesareth Rob
iii. 298
Bd Pal. 257 .
† ַד
ִמְגדַּל־גּS 4028 GK 4467 n.pr. ( tower of Gad ) stronghold in Judah Jos 15:37
;— cf. Magdala , Lag Onom. 139, 12, 2nd ed. 171 ; possibly Mejdel , eastward of Askalon,
Guérin Judée ii. 130 f. cf. Bd Pal. 162 .
† ָגּדַעS 1438
TWOT 316
GK 1548
vb. hew, hew down or off ( NH id. (rare),
Aramaic ְגּדַעIthp.; Arabic cut off hand or other member, mutilate ) — Qal Pf. גָּדַע La
2:3 ; תּ֫י
ִ וְגָ ַד ְע1 S 2:31 ; Impf. וָ ֶאְגדַּע Zc 11:10 , 14 ; Pt. pass. גְּדוּעָה Is 15:2 (so
many edd. but) Baer ָה ; גְּרוּעcf. infr. , ְגּ ֻדעִיםIs 10:33 ;— hew, cut in two , a staff Zc
11:10 , 14 ; metaph. hew off , an arm 1 S 2:31 ; horns La 2:3 ; hew down , trees Is
10:33 ; if in Is 15:2 then = shave off (object זקן, beard), but no other indication of this
meaning, and true MT גְּרוּעָה, cf. Baer’s note & Je 48:37 ; v. גרע. Niph. Pf. נִגְדַּע
Ju 21:6 , נְֶגדַּעJe 50:23 ; 3 fs. נִגְ ְדּעָה Je 48:25 , ָה
וְנִגְ ְדּעconsec. Is 22:25 ; 2 ms.
נִגְ ַדּ ְע ָתּ Is 14:12 ; 3 pl. וְנְִגדְּעוּ consec. Ez 6:6 Am 3:14 ;— be hewn off , of
altarhorns Am 3:14 , of idols Ez 6:6 ( || ;) נשׁברof severance of a tribe from nation Ju
21:6 ; fig. of king of Babylon Is 14:12 ; of Babylon as hammer Je 50:23 ( || ;) נשׁברof
a minister, under fig. of secure per or pin Is 22:25 ; of horn of Moab Je 48:25 ( ||
) נשׁבר. Pi. Pf. גִּדַּע2 Ch 34:7 , ִגּ ֵדּ֑ ַע2 Ch 34:4 ψ 107:16 , וַיְגַדַּע2 Ch 14:2 , ֲאַג ֵדּ֑עψ
75:11 Is 45:2 , וַיְַגדְּעוּ2 Ch 31:1 ; 3 mpl. ְתּגַדֵּע֑וּן Dt 7:5 ; 12:3 ;— hew off, down, in
two ( cf. Qal) of Asher̂m Dt 7:5 2 Ch 14:2 ; 31:1 , of idols Dt 12:3 ( ִים
) ְפּסִיל2 Ch
34:4 , 7 ( מּנִים
ָ ;) ַחfig. horns of wicked ψ 75:11 ; bars of iron (i.e. of Babylon’s gates)
Is 45:2 , cf. ψ 107:16 . † Pu. Pf. ֻגּ ָדּ֑עוּ Is 9:9 be hewn down (of trees).
גִּדְעוֹן S 1439
TWOT 316a
GK 1549
n.pr. m. judge of Israel Ju 6:11 , 13 , 19 + 36
times Ju 6–8 ;—called also ַל
( יְ ֻר ַבּעq.v. ) Ju 6:32 ; 7:1 etc., & ֶשׁת
ֶ ( יְ ֻרבּq.v. ) 2 S
11:21 .
† ִגּדְעֹנִי S 1441
GK 1551
n.pr. m. a Benjamite Nu 1:11 ; 2:22 ; 7:60 , 65 ;
גִּדְעוֹנִי 10:24 (always ֶן־גּ׳
בּ ) ֲאבִידָן.
Champoll J. F. Champollion.
†[ ָגּדַף S 1442 TWOT 317 GK 1552 ] vb. only Pi. revile, blaspheme ( NH גָּדַףcut,
wound , then (especially Pi.) revile; Arabic cut, cut off , II. deny a favour, be ungrateful ,
etc.; Aramaic Pa. גַּדֵּף, , revile ) — Pf. 2 ms. תָּ וְגִ ַדּ ְפ2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23 ; 3 pl.
גִּדְּפוּ 2 K 19:6 = Is 37:6 ; Pt. ְמגַדֵּףNu 15:30 ψ 44:17 ;— 1. revile , between man
and man, ( abs. ) מגַדֵּף קוֹל ְ ְמ ָחרֵף וּψ 44:17 the voice of (him that) reproacheth and
revileth . 2. blaspheme , sq. acc. י׳Nu 15:30 ( P ); 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23 ( || ֵף ; ֵחר
obj. ִי אֶת־מ, ref. to י׳as above); 2 acc. Ez 20:27 ; ֲשׁר ג׳ נַ ֲערֵי ֶמ ֶל ְך אַשּׁוּר אֹתִי
ֶא
… ַה ְדּ ָברִים2 K 19:6 = Is 37:6 the words with which the servants of the king of
Assyria blaspheme me .
† גְּדוּפָה S 1422
TWOT 317a , 317g
GK 1527
n. f. taunt , only Ez 5:15 וּג׳ מוּסָר
ְשׁמָּה לַגּוֹיִם וְהָֽיְתָה ֶח ְרפָּה
ַ וּמand she shall become a reproach and a taunt, an
admonition and an astonishment, to the nations .
† גִּדּוּפִים S 1421
TWOT 317b
GK 1526
n. m. pl. revilings, reviling words — ג׳
Is 43:28 ; cstr. ִגּ ֻדּפֵי Zp 2:8 ; sf. ִגּדֻּפֹתָם Is 51:7 between men, Is 43:28 ( || ֶם
ֵחר
); 51:7 Zp 2:8 (both || ָה
) ֶח ְרפּ.
† ָגּדַרS 1443
TWOT 318
GK 1553
vb. wall up or off, build a wall ( denom.? NH
id. Arabic and v. גָּדֵרinfr. ) — Qal Pf. גָּדַרJb 19:8 + 2 times, וְגָ ַד ְר ִ ֫תּיHo 2:8 Am
9:11 ; Impf. 2 mpl. ְרוּ וַ ִתּגְדּEz 13:5 ; Pt. גֹּדֵרIs 58:12 Ez 22:30 ; pl. גֹּ ְד ִרים2 K
12:13 ; 22:6 ;— wall up, shut off , lit. only Pt. , abs. = masons (wall-builders) 2 K
12:13 ; 22:6 ; also Is 58:12 ( obj. ֶץ ;) ֶפּרfig. of Yahweh’s dealings with men, obj.
אֹרַח Jb 19:8 , ֶך
ֶדּרLa 3:9 ; cf. Ho 2:8 ( acc. cogn. ) גָּדֵר, in all = obstructing path
of life, cf. also La 3:7 ( c. ;) ַבּ ֲעדִיof restoring fallen booth of David Am 9:11 ( obj.
;) פרציםof repairing fortunes of Israel, a work neglected by prophets Ez 13:5 , and by
all in power 22:30 (both c. acc. cogn. )
† ֫גֶּדֶר S 1445
GK 1554
n.pr.loc. Canaanitish city Jos 12:13 . Γαδερ A & L
also Euseb Lag Onom. 244 2nd ed. 254
= ? גָּדֵר Lag BN 76
; cf. גְּ ֵדרִי infr. ; possibly =
בֵּית גָּדֵר 1 Ch 2:51 ( v. p. 111 ).
† I. ָה
גְּ ֵדרS 1448 , 1449
TWOT 318b
GK 1556 , 1557
ְגּ ֶד֫רS
, ֶת 1448
TWOT 318b
GK
n. f. wall — ָה
גְּ ֵדר1 Ch 4:23 + ψ 62:4 ( MT גָּדֵרq.v. ), גְּ ֶדרֶתEz 13:5 ( Co
1560
† II. ָה
גְּדרn.pr.loc. a city of Judah ַהגְּ ֵדרָהJos 15:36 ; Γαδηρα , L
Γαδιρα ;? cf. Γεδουρ Lag Onom. 245, 2nd ed. 254 .
† גְּדֵרוֹת S 1450
GK 1558
n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:41 ; הגְּ׳
ַ 2 Ch 28:18 .
† ְגּדֵרֹ ָ ֑תיִם n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:36 ; perhaps del. , so ; whole number
too large, cf. Di .
† גְּדוֹר S 1446
GK 1529 , 1530
, ְדֹר
גּn.pr.
( Arabic wall ) ;— 1. n.pr.loc. city of
Judah גְּדוֹרJos 15:58 ; also as n.pr.m., under fig. of genealogy גְּדֹרson of Penuel
1 Ch 4:4 , גְּדוֹרson of Yered 1 Ch 4:18 ; also הגְּדוֹרַ 1 Ch 12:7 v. d. H. ַהגְּדוּד
Baer, cf. his note. 2. n.pr.loc. גְּדֹר1 Ch 4:39 , but read Gerar, according to
Ew Hi Be al. 3. n.pr. m. גְּדוֹר1 Ch 8:31 ; 9:37 a Benjamite, of Gibeon.
גדשׁTWOT 319 , 320
( NH ָגּדַשׁ, Aramaic גְּדַשׁ, heap up; cf. also Arabic ) .
† I. ִישׁ
גָּדS 1430
TWOT 319a , 320a
GK 1538 , 1539
n. m. Jb 5:26 heap, stack ( NH
id. , Aramaic id. ) — ָגּדִישׁEx 22:5 + 3 times;— stack of sheaves Ex 22:5 Ju 15:5
( || ָה
ֶקמin both) Jb 5:26 .
† גֵּה S 1454
TWOT 528
Ez 47:13 , read זֶה B & all moderns.
†[ גָּהָהS 1455
TWOT 321
GK 1564
] vb. depart , i.e. be cured, healed (subj.
wound) ( cf. Aramaic be freed (from guilt, pain, disease, etc.), Aph. set free , also
become free ) Qal Impf. ולא־יגְהֶה ִמכֶּם מָזוֹר Ho 5:13 .
† גֵּהָה S 1456
TWOT 321a
GK 1565
n. f. healing, cure — ה֑ה
ָ ֵ גּPr 17:22 לֵב ָשׂ ֵמ ַח
יֵיטִיב ג׳ cf. Now .
†[ גָּהַרS 1457
TWOT 322
GK 1566
] vb. bend, crouch ( so Vrss ) — Qal Impf.
וַיִּגְהַר 1 K 18:42 sq. אַ ְרצָהElijah, with face between knees; 2 K 4:34 , 35 Elisha,
over dead boy, sq. וישׁכב || ( עליוv 34 , cf. ) שׁכב.
†[ גּוּבS 1461
TWOT 323
GK 1572
] vb. dig ( cf. Arabic pierce, bore, hollow out )
— Qal Pt. גָּ ִביםdiggers or ploughmen 2 K 25:12 Kt ; but cf. Qr יֹגְבִיםas Je 52:16
( v. ) יגבand v. גֵּבinfr.
† II. [ ֵב
גּS 1356 , 1357
TWOT 304a , 323a , 323b
GK 1463 , 1464 , 1466
] n. [ m. ] pit, ditch,
trench ( Arabic hollow, depression; Syriac cistern ) —only pl. גֵּבִים Je 14:3 ; in 2
K 3:16 גבים גבים, i.e. full of ditches; further, cisterns (according to Klo 2 K
25:12 ) Je 39:10 ִים ( וִיגֵבread ) וְֵגבִיםcf. also || 2 K 25:12 ( ולגביםKt , וּלְיוֹגְבִים
Qr ) = Je 52:16 ( ִים ; וּלְיֹגְבboth c. ;) כֹּ ְרמִיםKlo proposes to emend these, so
as to read in all ִים
וַיִּתֵּן ָלהֶם ְכּ ָרמִים וְגֵבand gave to them vineyards and cisterns;
another view in Th ; cf. further גוב, יגב.— I. גֵּבv. sub גבה.
† ִים גֵּבS 1374 GK 1481 n.pr.loc. ( trenches ) N. from Jerusalem, c. art. ַגּ׳
הIs
10:31 ; site unknown.
† III. [ ֵב
גּS 1356 , 1357
TWOT 304a , 323a , 323b
GK 1463 , 1464 , 1466
] n. [ m. ] beam,
rafter ? ( Thes sub גוב, but meaning & √ dub. ) , ֵגּבִים 1 K 6:9 ; but Lag Armen.
† גּוֹג S 1463
TWOT 324
GK 1573
n.pr. m. ( √ unknown ) — 1. 1 Ch 5:4 a
Reubenite. 2. Gog of the land of Magog, prince of Rosh, Meshek, and Tubal , רֹאשׁ
ִ ֶשׁ ְך וְ ֻת ָ ֑בל גּוֹג ֶארֶץ מָגוֹג נ
ְשׂיא ֶ מEz 38:2 , 3 (om. ) א׳ מָגוֹג39:1 (om. id. ) cf.
38:14 , 16 ( del. S Co ) v 18 ; 39:1 , 11 ( ×3 ) ( ) גֵּיא הֲמוֹן ג׳v 15 ( id. );
Pa 247
cf. Assyrian Gâgu , chief of a mountain tribe N. of Assyria Dl COT on Ez
38:2 .
† מָגוֹג S 4031
TWOT 324a
GK 4470
n.pr. terr. ( = lang of Gog ? cf. Dl
Pa 246
†[ גּוּדS 1464
TWOT 325
GK 1574
] vb. invade, attack ( cf. גדד, whence יָנֻדetc.
actually derived by Ki Bö Kö i 356
q.v. ; SS , perhaps better, denom. from — ) גדוד
גוהTWOT 326
( project, be convex ? ) .
† [ ַו
גּS 1458 , 1459
TWOT 2650 , 326a
GK 1567
] n. [ m. ] back —only sf. ַגּוֶּ֑ ָך 1K
14:9 , ֑ך
ְ ֵ ַגּוּEz 23:35 , ַגּוָּםNe 9:26 ;—always ג׳ ִשׁ ִלי ְך אַ ֲחרֵי
ְ הcast behind the back ,
i.e. put out of mind, ignore, reject י׳1 K 14:9 Ez 23:35 , and his law Ne 9:26 .
† I. ֵו
גּS 1460
TWOT 326b
GK 1568 , 1569
n. [ m. ] back — גֵּוabs. not found, cstr.
Pr 10:13 + 2 times, sf. ֵגּוִי Is 50:6 , ך
ָ ְ ֵגּוIs 38:17 , ֵגּוֵ ְך51:23 ;— back , as beaten,
lashed Pr 10:13 ; 19:29 ; 26:3 cf. Is 50:6 ; in phr. ֵי ג׳
ִשׁלִי ְך אַ ֲחר
ְ ( הas ) גַּוIs
38:17 , of Yahweh’s casting sins of penitent behind his back, putting them out of
mind; as trodden upon Is 51:23 , fig. of extreme humiliation.
) Jb 20:25 וַיֵּצֵא ִמֵגּוָהit comes out from the back (of arrow which has struck a
fugitive, and is then extracted; Hoffm reads מגֵּוֹה ִ ).— I. ֵגּוָהsub גאה.
† ְגּוִיָּה S 1472
TWOT 326d
GK 1581
n. f. body, corpse — abs. ג׳ Na 3:3 ; cstr.
ְגּוִיַּת Ju 14:8 + 2 times; sf. ְגּוִיָּתוֹ 1 S 31:10 Dn 10:6 , ֵנוּ
ְגּוִיָּתGn 47:18 , ְגּוִיָּתָם
Na 3:3 ; pl. abs. גְּוִיּוֹת ψ 110:6 ; sf. ְגּוִיֹּתֵנוּ Ne 9:37 , ֶם
ְגּוִיֹּתֵיהEz 1:23 ,
ְגּוִיֹּתֵי ֶ ֑הנָה
v 11 ;— 1. living human body Gn 47:18 ( sg. , of many persons) cf.
pl. Ne 9:37 ; of man in Daniel’s vision Dn 10:6 (body apart from extremities); also
of the living creatures in Ezek.’s vision Ez 1:11 , 23 . 2. dead body, corpse, carcass:
a. of man 1 S 31:10 (so orig. in || 1 Ch 10:10 v. We Sm cf. Dr ) v 12 ( ×2 )
( sg.
of several persons), ψ 110:6 ; coll. Na 3:3 ( ×2 ) ; b. of lion Ju 14:8 , 9 .
גּוֹי S 1471
TWOT 326e
GK 1580
561 n. m. Gn 12:2 nation, people ( NH id.
Gentiles , Ph. גוcommunity , , Sab. גוid. , DHM ZMG 1883, 348 ) — ג׳Gn 12:2 +
ֶָ֑ גּוֹיψ 106:5 , גּוֹיְֵךKt Ez 36:13 , 14 , 15 ( Qr
121 times; sf. I s. ִ גּוֹיZp 2:9 , ך
wrongly ך
ְִ גּוֹיַיcf. Co , who del. v 15 ); pl. גּוֹיִםGn 10:5 + 410 times + Qr
Gn 25:23 ψ 79:10 ( Kt ) גיים+ 6 times Ez ( var. emend. Co ); cstr. גּוֹיֵיGn
18:18 + 8 times, גּוֹי2 Ch 32:13 Ezr 6:21 ( cf. Baer’s notes); sf. ֶם גּוֹיֵהGn 10:5 ,
20 , 31 , 32 ;— 1. nation, people Gn 10:5 ( ×2 ) , 20 , 31 , 32 ( ×2 ) (all P ) + ; Is 2:2
, 4 ( ×2 ) = Mi 4:2 , 3 ( ×2 ) ; † Jb 12:23 ( ×2 ) ; 34:29 † ; Pr 14:34 ; ֶץ
כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָר
Gn 18:18 ; 22:18 ; 26:4 (all J ) Dt 28:1 . a. specif. of descendants of Abraham, גּוֹי
גָּדוֹל Gn 12:2 cf. 18:18 (both J ), גּוֹיִם17:6 , ֲמוֹן
ה גּוֹיִם17:4 , 5 (all P ); of
Sarah גּוֹיִם17:16 ( P ); of Ishmael גּוֹי21:13 , גּוֹי גָּדוֹלv 18 (both E ), גּוֹי גָּדוֹל
17:20 ( P ); of Jacob ַל גּוֹיִם
גּוֹי וּ ְקהGn 35:11 ( P ), גָּדוֹל גּוֹי46:3 ( E ); of
Ephraim הגּ׳ַ מְלֹא48:19 ( J ); of Moses גּוֹי גָּדוֹלEx 32:10 ( J ) cf. Nu 14:12 ( J
) Dt 9:14 ; of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gn 25:23 ( J ). b. definitely of Israel
Ex 19:6 ( ָדוֹשׁ ) גּ׳ ק33:13 (both JE), Dt 4:6 ( הַגּוֹי ַהגָּדוֹל ַהזֶּה, said by heathen
cf. v 7 , 8 ) v. also v 34 , 26:5 cf. ψ 33:12 , ψ 83:5 (said by enemies) Je
31:36 ; 33:24 Ez 27:22 ; in narrative Jos 3:17 ; 4:1 ; 5:8 (JE), v 6 ( D ), 10:13
(poet., no art.); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ez 35:10 (said by heathen) 37:22
; of Judah Is 26:2 , 15 ( ×2 ) cf. 58:2 ; 60:22 Mi 4:7 ; once my people Zp 2:9 ( ||
;) עַםthy people ψ 106:5 (i.e. of ) י׳, cf. also Ez 36:13 , 14 (read Kt ); especially
of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Dt 32:28 Ju 2:20 Is 1:4 ; 10:6 Je 5:9 ,
29 ; 7:28 ; 9:8 ; 12:17 Ez 2:3 ( del. Co ) Hg 2:14 Mal 3:9 .—Note. This
definite ref. to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hex not P (yet v. Gn
17:4 , 5 , 6 , 16 ; 35:11 P ); seldom in exile & post-exile proph.; not Chr.— c.
usually of non- Heb. peoples Ex 9:24 ; 34:10 (JE) Lv 25:44 ( H ) Nu 14:15 ( J )
Dt 15:6 ( ×2 ) 1 K 5:11 1 Ch 14:17 ; 16:20 Is 11:10 , 12 + often; opp. Israel as
עם י׳2 S 7:23 1 Ch 17:21 ( ×2 ) ect., v. עם, cf. also Nu 23:9 ; note especially
ְגּלִיל הַגּוֹיִם Is 8:23 circle or district of the nations ( v. ;) ָגּלִילalso ֲרשׁת הַגּ׳
ֶ חJu
4:2 , 13 , 16 Charosheth of the nations , & לגָּ֖ל
ְ ֶמ ֶל ְך גּוֹיִם ְלִגJos 12:23 king of
nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal ( Di to the district , i.e. ‘Galilee’);
especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lv 8:24 , 28 ( P ) 20:23 ( H ) 1
K 14:24 2 K 17:8 , 11 , 15 , 26 , 29 ( ×2 ) 2 Ch 28:3 ; 32:13 + , Ezr 6:21 Ez 5:6
+ ; hostile Gn 15:14 ( J ) Lv 26:33 ; 38 , 45 ( H ) Dt 4:27 ; 9:4 , 5 ; 18:9 1 Ch
16:35 Je 5:15 Ez 4:13 + often Je Ez, etc.; in simile Ez 20:32 ; 25:8 ; sometimes ||
עַםψ 33:10 , 12 Is 11:10 Je 6:18 , v. also Is 2:2 , 4 comp. with Mi 4:1 , 3 . 2.
fig. of swarm of locusts Jo 1:6 ; of all species of beasts Zp 2:14 . 3. גּוֹיִםGn 14:1 ,
9 prob. mutilated n.pr. v. infr.
† I. [ גּוּזS 1468
TWOT 327
GK 1577
] vb. pass over, away ( Arabic pass by, over;
Aramaic גּוּזcross , pass away, fail ) — Qal Pf. גָּזψ 90:10 ; Impf. וַיָּ֫גָזNu 11:31
;— pass away , of the life of the aged, ψ 90:10 ִישׁ ; גָּז חtrans. bring over , subj.
wind, obj. quails from sea, Nu 11:31 (read perhaps Hiph. וַיָּגֶזcf. Kö i 442 Di ).
גוח v. גיח.
גּוֹי S 1471
TWOT 326e
GK 1580
v. sub גוה.
ְגּוִיָּה S 1472
TWOT 326d
GK 1581
v. sub גוה.
† גּוֹיִם S 1471
TWOT 326e
GK 1582
n.pr. gent. Gn 14:1 , 9 , in phr. גּוֹיִם ִתּ ְדעָל
ֶמ ֶל ְךTid‛al king of Goim; prob. a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H.
Rawlinson proposes Gutî , a people NE. of Babylonia, COT on Gn 14:1 ; also KGF
258 al.
; cf. also Dl Pa 233 f.
גול v. גיל.
† גּוֹלָן S 1474
GK ( ? connected with √ גול, Arabic go about,
1584
n.pr.loc.
around; circuit; cf. Ph. גולn.pr. insul.; also ִיל
ָגּל, ) ְגּלִילָחcity of Manasseh in
Bashan, named as a city of refuge Dt 4:43 cf. Jos 20:8 ; 21:27 both Qr ( Kt גלון
); given to sons of Gershom son of Levi according to 1 Ch 6:56 ; Euseb. knew it as a
very large village Γαυλὼν ἢ Γωλάν Lag Onom. 242, 2nd ed. 253 ; district of same name ib.
, Josephus Ant. viii, 2, 3 etc. Gaulanitis, mod. Jaulân Rob BR ii, 432 Bd Pal. 270
Schumacher ZPV 1886 = Jaulân 1888 , according to most, name applied first to city, thence
to district, but perhaps otherwise if above deriv. be correct.
( גּוןmeaning dub. , cf. perhaps Aramaic ַגּוֵּןtinye ; Arabic reddish black , cf.
Hommel Säugethiere 64
).
† ִי גּוּנS 1476 , 1477 GK 1586 , 1587 n.pr. m. 1. a Naphtalite Gn 46:24 Nu 26:48 1
Ch 7:13 . 2. 1 Ch 5:15 a Gadite.
† ָגּוַעS 1478
TWOT 328
GK 1588
vb. expire, perish, die ( cf. Arabic be empty,
hungry ) — Qal Pf. ָגּוַעNu 20:29 Jos 22:20 , ָגּוָ֑עוּLa 1:19 , ָגּוַעְנוּNu 17:27 ; 20:3 ;
Impf. יְִגוַעJb 34:15 , יְִג ֑וָעGn 6:17 , יְִגוְעוּJb 36:12 , ָעוּ
֑ יְִגוZc 13:8 , ָעוּן
֑ יְִגוψ 104:29
etc.; Inf. cstr. ְגּוַעNu 20:3 , ע ַ גְּוֹNu 17:28 ; Pt. גֹּוֵ ַעψ 88:16 ;— expire and die,
only P & poet.; ן׳ וימתGn 25:8 , 17 ; 35:29 (all P ); || מותJb 3:11 ; 14:10 cf. Nu
17:28 ( P ); || אבדNu 17:27 we expire, we perish ( P ); || ענִי ָ ψ 88:16 (progressive
parall.) distressed and about to die; || יאסף אל אבותיוGn 49:33 ; || ישׁוב על־עפרJb
34:15 cf. ψ 104:29 ; || ְתוּ יִכָּֽרZc 13:8 ; abs. both prose and (especially) poetry Nu
20:3 ( ×2 ) , 29 Jos 22:20 Gn 6:17 ; 7:21 (all P ) Jb 10:18 ; 13:19 ; 27:5 ; 36:12 La
1:19 ; Jb 29:18 קנִּי אגועִ עִם־with my nest shall I die , i.e. in full possession of what is
mine, cf. Di .
†[ גּוּףS 1479
TWOT 329
GK 1589
] vb. shut, close ( NH id. , v. NHWB i. 314, 352
† [ ָה
גּוּפS 1480
TWOT 329a
GK 1590
] n. f. body, corpse ( late; NH גּוּף,
Aramaic ָא
; גּוּפArabic ) — cstr. sg. גּוּפַת 1 Ch 10:12 ; cstr. pl. גּוּפֹת1 Ch
10:12 , cf. Be ( || 1 S 31:12 has ) ְגּוִיָּה.
גֵּר S 1616
TWOT 330a
GK 1731
92 n. m. Ex 12:48 sojourner ( Arabic , Ethiopic
Aramaic , גִּיּוֹר, proselyte , ַגּיֵּרproselytize , Ph. גדin n.pr. , & pl. גֵּר — ) גרם
Wü A. Wünsche .
Gn 15:13 + 74 times; sf. ֵגּ ְר ָך Ex 20:10 + 4 times, גֵּרוֹDt 1:16 ; pl. גֵּרִים Ex
22:20 + 9 times, ִים גֵּיר2 Ch 2:16 ;— 1. sojourner , temporary dweller, new-comer
(no inherited rights), cf. Ex 12:19 Lv 24:16 Nu 15:30 Jos 8:33 ( opp. homeborn
); of Abraham at Hebron Gn 23:4 ( P ; || תּוֹשׁב
ָ ); Moses in desert Ex 2:22 ( J )
18:3 ( E ; here explan. of name Gershom, Moses’ son); as claiming hospitality Jb
31:32 ; perhaps in above cases, and certainly in general, with technical sense; fig. of
Yahweh Je 14:8 ; of Israel in Egypt Gn 15:13 Ex 22:20 ; 23:9 (all JE) Lv 19:34 (
H ) Dt 10:19 ; 23:8 ; ִים גֵּרwith Yahweh Lv 25:23 ( H ) 1 Ch 29:15 ψ 39:13 (in
all || תּוֹשׁב
ָ ) cf. 119:19 . 2. usually of ֵגּרִיםin Israel 2 S 1:13 (Amalekite) cf. Jos
8:33 , 35 ( E ) 20:9 ( P ) Is 14:1 ; dwellers in Israel with certain conceded, not
inherited rights ( cf. RS OTJC 434; 2nd ed. 342. n.; K 42; Sem 75 f. Sta Gesch. i. 400 ). The גֵּרis
to share in Sabbath rest Ex 20:10 ; 23:12 (both JE) Dt 5:14 ; otherwise he is to have
like obligations with Israel Ex 12:19 , 48 , 49 Lv 16:29 (all P ) Lv 17:8 , 10 , 12
, 13 , 15 ; 18:26 ; 20:2 ; 22:18 ; 24:16 , 22 (all H ) Nu 9:14 ( ×2 ) ; 15:14 , 15 (
×2 )
, 16 , 26 , 29 , 30 ; 19:10 ; 35:15 (all P ) Ez 14:7 ; similar rights Dt 1:16 Ez
14:22 , 23 ; and like privileges Dt 16:11 , 14 ; 26:11 ; 29:10 ; 31:12 cf. 2 Ch
30:25 ; very rarely any distinction made, in obligation Lv 25:47 ( ×3 ) ( H ), in
permissible food Dt 14:21 ; in future success Dt 28:43 ; kindness to גֵּרfrequently
enjoined: Lv 19:10 ( || ענִי
ָ ), 23:22 ( || id. ) 19:34 (all H ); Dt 10:18 , 19 ; 14:29 ;
24:19 , 20 , 21 ; 26:12 , 13 (all || מנָה ָ ;) יָתוֹם וְאַ ְלoppression prohibited Lv 19:33
( ×2 )
( H ) Dt 24:14 ; Ex 22:20 ; 23:9 (JE) Dt 24:17 ; 27:19 Je 7:6 ; 22:3 Zc 7:10
(these eight || מנָה
ָ ;) יָתוֹם וְאַ ְלobj. of care to י׳ψ 146:9 ( || id. ); charge that גֵּרhas
been oppressed Ez 22:7 Mal 3:5 (both || id. ); also Ez 22:29 ( || ְיוֹן
) ָענִי וְ ֶאב, ψ
94:6 ; cf. also command that a poor brother be treated like גֵּר, i.e. kindly, Lv 25:35
( H ). Latest conception somewhat different: גֵּר1 Ch 22:2 2 Ch 2:16 ( ִים) ַהגֵּיר
gathered for hard service; yet cf. 2 Ch 30:25 . (Often c. verb. cogn. Ex 12:48 , 49
Lv 16:29 ; 17:8 , 10 , 12 , 13 ; 18:26 ; 19:33 ; 20:2 Nu 9:14 ; 15:14 , 15 , 16 ,
26 , 29 ; 19:10 Jos 20:9 Ez 14:22 , 23 ; often || תּוֹשׁב
ָ Gn 23:4 Lv 25:23 , 35 ,
47 1 Ch 29:15 ψ 39:13 ).
† I. [ ָגוֹר
מS 4032 , 4033
TWOT 330c , 332a
GK 4471 , 4472 , 4473
] n. [ m. ] sojourning-
place, dwelling-place, sojourning — sf. מְגוּרָםψ 55:16 ; pl. cstr. מְגוּרֵיGn
37:1 ; sf. מְגוּרַיGn 47:9 , מְגוּ ָר֑יψ 119:54 , ְמגֻרֶי ָךGn 17:8 ; 28:4 , ָיו
מְגוּרJb
18:19 , ֶם
מְגוּרֵיהGn 36:7 + 2 times, ְמֻגרֵיהֶםEx 6:4 ;— dwelling-place ψ 55:16
Jb 18:19 ;— sojourning (- place ), always pl. , ם׳ ֶארֶץ Gn 17:8 ; 28:4 ; 36:7 ; 37:1
Ex 6:4 ( Hex always P ) Ez 20:38 ; sojourning ( pl. ) = life-time, ם׳ ְשׁנֵי Gn
47:9 יְמֵי ם׳ Gn 47:9 ; cf. בֵּית ם׳ ψ 119:54 .
† מְגוּרָה S 4035
TWOT 330d
GK 4476
n. f. store-house, granary Hg 2:19 .
† [ גּוֹרS 1484
TWOT 331a
GK 1596
] n. [ m. ] whelp ( as quarrelsome ? or
onomatop.? perhaps = Assyrian giru Zehnpfund BAS i. 504
) of lion— גּוֹרֵי ֲארָיוֹת
Je 51:38 ( || ִים
) ְכּ ִפרsim. of Babylonians; cf. גֹּרֹתָיו Na 2:13 ( || id. v 14) fig.
of Assyrians.
† [ ָה
מְגוֹרS 4034
TWOT 332b
GK 4475
] n. f. fear, terror — cstr. מְגוֹרַתPr
10:24 ; pl. sf. מְגוּרוֹתַיψ 34:5 , ָם
מְגוּרֹתIs 66:4 (on these forms with וּcf. Ges
§ 27. 3. R. 1. & 85, 48
);— terror ( = thing dreaded) ψ 34:5 Pr 10:24 Is 66:4 .
גושׁTWOT 333
( be hard , cf. Arabic be hard , of hands, from toil ) .
† גּוּשׁ S 1487
TWOT 333a
GK 1599
n. [ m. ] cold, lump ( NH id. , Aramaic
גּוּשׁא
ָ ; cf. Arabic etc., rough ground , also ice ) — ָר
ָעפ וְגיּשׁ Jb 7:5 , Qr וְגוּשׁ ע׳.
גֵּז S 1488
TWOT 336a
GK 1600
v. sub גזז.
† גִּזְבָּר S 1489
TWOT 334
GK 1601
n. m. treasurer ( loan-word; NH id. ; cf.
Biblical Aramaic [ ָר
] גִּזְבּ, pl. ; גִּזְ ָבּ ַריָּאSyriac , also , Pers. , cf. Lag Ges Abh. 27 f.,
†[ גָּזָהS 1491
TWOT 335
GK 1602
] vb. cut , (cut off, sever), √ of ( גָּזִיתcf. Talm .
גְּזָאcut off ) ; hence perhaps Qal Pt. act. sf. גּוֹזִי ψ 71:6 thou art he that severed me
from my mother’s womb ( De Che ; σκεπαστής , De proposes ἐκσπαστής , v.
ψ 22:10 ; B protector cf. , Thes Ew Hup Pe benefactor , cf. Arabic requite ,
Jerem A. Jeremias.
Jerus. Syriac , Talm . גְּזָאid. ;—text and meaning dub. ; || ψ 22:10 has ִי
; גֹּחv. Che
crit. n. and OP 476
; Du ֻעוִּי.
† גָּזִית S 1496
TWOT 335a
GK 1607
n. f. a cutting, hewing — גָּזִיתEx 20:25 +
10 times, always abs. ;— hewing , ג׳ אַ ְבנֵי = hewn stones (building-stones) 1 K
5:31 1 Ch 22:2 Ez 40:42 (for tables), cf. ֲא ָבנִים יְקָרוֹת ְכּמִדּוֹת ג׳1 K 7:9 , 11
(but Klo del. as gloss, cf. ; also without = אבניhewn stones Ex 20:25
(altar) Am 5:11 ( ֵי ג׳
) בָּֽתּIs 9:9 ( opp. טוּרֵי ג׳ ;) ְל ֵבנִים1 K 6:36 , טוּרִים ג׳
7:12 ; also La 3:9 ְג׳
ָגּדַר ַדּ ְרכִּי בּ.
גִּזָּה S 1492
TWOT 336b
GK 1603
v. sub גזז.
† גִּזוֹנִי S 1493
GK 1604
adj. gent. 1 Ch 11:34 ָשׁם ַהגּֽווֹנִי
ֵ ה, but read ָשׁן הַגּוּנִי
ֵ( י
L Εἰρασαι ὁ Γουνι ) cf. גּוּנִי.
†[ גָּזַזS 1494
TWOT 336
GK 1605
vb. shear ( NH id. , Aramaic גְּזָז, ; Arabic ,
Assyrian deriv. ) — Qal Impf. וַיָּ֫גָזJb 1:20 ; 2 ms. תָּגֹזDt 15:19 ; Imv. 2 fs. גָּזִּ֫י
Je 7:29 , גָּזִּ֫יMi 1:16 ; Inf. cstr. גְּזֹזGn 31:19 ( E ) 1 S 25:2 , גֹּזGn 38:13 ( J );
Pt. ; גֹּזֵז1 S 25:4 ; pl. גֹּזֲזִים1 S 25:7 + 2 times; cstr. גֹּזֲזֵיGn 38:12 ; sf. ֑ גֹּזֲזָי1
S 25:11 , ה ָ גֹּזֲזֶיIs 53:7 ;— shear sheep ( obj. ) צֹאןGn 31:19 ; 38:13 Dt 15:19 1 S
25:2 , 4 ; cf. Pt. shearer ( c. ) צאןGn 38:12 , also ה ָ ( גֹּזֲזֶיi.e. ) ָרחֵלIs 53:7 ; abs.
= sheep-shearer , 1 S 25:7 , 11 2 S 13:23 , 24 ; obj. man’s head ( ) ראשׁוֹJb 1:20 ;
of a woman’s ( fig. of Israel) Mi 1:16 (no obj. ; || ) קרחי, ( fig. of Jerusalem) Je 7:29
( obj. נֵזֶרq.v. ) Niph. נָגוֹ֫זּוּbe cut off ( = destroyed) of Assyrians Na 1:12 .
† גֵּז S 1488
TWOT 336a
GK 1600
n. [ m. ] shearing, mowing ( Assyrian gizzu
Zehnpfund BAS i. 530
, Aramaic גִּיוָּא, fleece ) — גֵּזψ 72:6 , also cstr. Dt 18:4 Jb
31:20 ; pl. cstr. גִּזֵּיAm 7:1 ;— shearing = thing sheared off, wool, fleece ג׳ צֹאן
Dt 18:4 , ָשׂי
ַ ג׳ ְכּבJb 31:20 ; mowing Am 7:1 ( ג׳ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךcf. RS Sem i. 228 ); =
ZAW 1883, 116 ff.
land to be mown ψ 72:6 (but shearing in both, according to Hoffm
SS ).
† ִגּזָּה S 1492
TWOT 336b
GK 1603
n. f. fleece — ( Arabic , Aramaic ) גִּזָּהJu
6:37 + 5 times; cstr. גִּזַּת Ju 6:37 ;— fleece , ֶר
ֶצמ ג׳ Ju 6:37 ; abs. Ju 6:37 , 38 (
×2 )
, 39 ( ×2 ) , 40 .
† גָּזֵז S 1495
GK 1606
n.pr. m. son of ָה
עֵיפ, concub. of Caleb 1 Ch 2:46 ( ×2 )
; v
b says that ָן
ָחרson of ( עיפהand Caleb?) begat Gazez.
גָּזִית S 1496
TWOT 335a
GK 1607
v. sub גזה.
† I. גָּזַלS 1497
TWOT 337
GK 1608
vb. tear away, seize, rob ( NH id. , Ph. גזל
Niph., Aramaic גְּזַל, & (Nas.) ; Arabic cut off ) — Qal Pf. גָּזַל Jb 20:19 Ez 18:18 , גָּזָ֑ל
Lv 5:23 + 2 times, ִי
גָּזְַלתּψ 69:5 etc.; Impf. יגְזֹל Ez 18:7 , וַיִּגְזֹל2 S 23:21 1 Ch
11:23 etc.; Inf. גְּזֹל Is 10:2 ; Pt. act. גּוֹזֵל Pr 28:24 ; sf. גֹּזְלוֹ ψ 35:10 ; pl. cstr.
גֹּזְלֵי גָּזוּלDt 28:29 + 4 times;— tear away, rob , c. obj. rei
Mi 3:2 ; pass.
(movable), flock ( עדֶר
ֵ ) Jb 24:2 , ass Dt 28:31 , women Ju 21:23 cf. Gn 31:31 ( E ),
tear away orphan child from breast Jb 24:9 ִשֹּׁד יתום מ, snatch a spear from enemy’s
hand 2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23 ; fig. of drying up snow-water Jb 24:19 ; ( obj.
stationary) take violent possession of , well of water Gn 21:25 ( E ), house Jb 20:19 ,
fields Mi 2:2 ; (hyperb.) the skin Mi 3:2 ; c. acc. cogn. = seize, plunder , obj. ָה גְּזֵל
Lv 5:23 ( P ) Ez 18:7 , 12 , 16 , גָּזֵלEz 18:18 ; 22:29 ; indef. ψ 69:5 ; fig. , obj.
ִשׁפָּט
ְמ Is 10:2 ; c. obj. pers. robbed ψ 35:10 Pr 22:22 ; 28:24 , prob. also Ju 9:25
cf. Lv 19:13 ( H ; abs. ); cf. also pass. Dt 28:29 ( || ָשׁוּק
עושׁק ;) ע הציל גָּזוּל מיד
Je 21:12 cf. 22:3 ; Mal 1:13 ִפּ ֵסּ ַח || ( גָּזוּלlame and חוֹלֶהsick ), prob. that rescued
after seizure by wild beasts, therefore mutilated. † Niph. Pf. 3 fs. ָה וְנִגְזְל, subj. sleep
Pr 4:16 ִשׁׁנוּ || ( לא
ְ ) י.
† גָּזֵל S 1498
TWOT 337a
GK 1610
n. [ m. ] robbery — abs. גָּזֵל Lv 5:21 + 3
times + Ez 18:18 cf. infr. ; cstr. ֫גֵּזֶלEc 5:7 Ez 18:18 ( but cf. infr. );—
robbery Lv 5:21 ( P ) ψ 62:11 ( || עֹשׁק
ֶ ) Is 61:8 ; = thing plundered , taken as
plunder, as acc. cogn. Ez 22:29 ( ;) גָּזַל גָּזֵלfig. = גֵּזֶל משפטwresting of justice
( cf. Is 10:2 ) Ec 5:7—Ez 18:18 has גֵּזֶל אָח, but Co del. ; אחread then גָּזֵל
BN 172
.— Cf. Lag .
† גְּזֵלָה S 1500
TWOT 337b
GK 1611
n. f. plunder, spoil — ָה
גְּזֵלLv 5:23 + 3
times; cstr. גְּזֵלַתIs 3:14 , גְּזֵלוֹתEz 18:12 ;— thing seized, spoil Lv 5:23 ( P ) Ez
33:15 ; ענִי
ָ גְּזֵלַת ֶהIs 3:14 ; as acc. cogn. Ez 18:7 , 12 , 16 .
† גּוֹזָל S 1469
TWOT 337c
GK 1578
n. m. Dt 32:11 young of birds ( Syriac , cf.
Arabic ) — ֽ׃
וְתֹר וְגוֹזָלGn 15:9 pigeon; גּוֹזָלָיוDt 32:11 eaglet (suff. ref. to ֶשׁר
ֶנ
).
גזםTWOT 338
( cut off , NH id. , Ethiopic cf. Arabic [ = Aramaic ]; or possibly [
= Aramaic ] ) .
† גָּזָם S 1501
TWOT 338a
GK 1612
n. m. Am 4:9 locusts ( coll. )— abs. גָּזָםJo
1:4 ; 2:25 Am 4:9 ;—always as devouring, devastating, Jo 1:4 ( || בּה
ֶ אַ ְר, יֶלֶק,
) ָחסִיל, 2:25 ( || id. ); Am 4:9 alone: your gardens and your vineyards, and your
fig-trees and your olive-trees הגָּזָם
ַ יֹאכַל.
† ָם
גַּזּS 1502 GK 1613
n.pr. m. head of a family of returned exiles ג׳ ְבּנֵי Ezr 2:48
= Ne 7:51 .
גזעTWOT 339
( √ of foll., cf. Arabic cut off , & Ethiopic saw in two ) .
֫גּS
† [ ֶזַע 1503
TWOT 339a
GK 1614
] n. m. Jb 14:8 stock, stem ( NH id. , cf.
Syriac stem, trunk ) — cstr. גֶּזַעIs 11:1 ; sf. גִּזְעוֹJb 14:8 , גִּזְעָםIs 40:24 ;—
stock, stem of a tree Jb 14:8 ( || ֶשׁ ;) שֹׁרfig. ‘ ג׳ ישׁיstem of Jesse ’ Is 11:1 ( ||
שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ ג׳ ;) שֹׁרֶשׁIs 40:24 ( || נטע, ) זרע.
† גָּזַרS 1504
TWOT 340
GK 1615 , 1616
vb. cut, divide ( Arabic , NH גָּזַרcut,
determine, circumcise; Ethiopic Aramaic גְּזַר, ) — Qal Pf. גָּזַר Hb 3:17 ; Impf.
֫גּS
† I. [ ֶזֶר 1506 , 1507
TWOT 340a
GK 1617 , 1618
] n. [ m. ] part , only pl. ַהגְּזָרִים
Gn 15:17 of halves of animals; ִים
גְּזָרψ 136:13 of divided portions of Red Sea.
† גִּזְרִי S 1511
GK 1621
adj. gent. 1 S 27:8 Qr ( Kt ) והגרזי cf. Dr
† ָה גְּזֵרS 1509 , 1510 TWOT 2654a , 340b GK 1620 n. f. separation — ָה֑ אֶל־ ֶארֶץ גְּזֵר
Lv 16:22 ( P ) unto a land of separation , of the goat for Azazel; solitary land RV ;
‘cut off,’ i.e. whence it would not readily find its way back VB .
† גִּזְרָה S 1508
TWOT 340c
GK 1619
n. f. cutting, separation — ָה
גִּזְרEz 41:12
+ 6 times; sf. גִּזְ ָרתָם La 4:7 ;— 1. cutting , i.e. polishing ( AV RV or carving , i.e.
beauty of form, shape, cf. VB ) ָם
גִּזְ ָרת ַספִּירLa 4:7 ; their polishing (or beauty of
form ) was as sapphire . 2. separation , ָה
ַהגִּזְרEz 41:12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ; 42:1 , 10 ,
13 , separate place AV RV cf. Da ; i.e. yard, or space adjoining temple on three
sides.
Bez C. Bezold.
Gann Clermont-Fanneau.
† [ ָה
ַמגְזֵרS 4037
TWOT 340d
GK 4477
] n. f. cutting instrument, axe — 2 S
12:31 of David’s treatment of captives, ָשׂם
ֶ ַה ַבּ ְרזֶל וַיּ ַבּ ְמּגֵרָה … וּ ְב ַמגְזְרוֹת. ( cf. 1
Ch 20:3 ).
֫
גֹּחִי v. [ ח
ַ גִּי, ] גּוֹ ַח.
גחלTWOT 341
( prob. = kindle, burn ) .
גחןTWOT 342
( cf. Aramaic ַן
ְגּח, Nasar (Syriac PS ) curve, bend ) .
† גָּחוֹן S 1512
TWOT 342a
GK 1623
n. m. belly , of reptiles ( cf. perhaps
Assyrian giḫinnu , cord (from twisting?) Zim BP 104
) — גְּחֹנְ ָך Gn 3:14 ( J ) of the
serpent, cf. גָּחוֹן Lv 11:42 ( P ).
† ַגּיְא S 1516
TWOT 343
GK 1628
n. m. Is 40:4 ( f. Zc 14:4 ) valley — abs.
ַגּיְא Mi 21:20 + 8 times + 1 S 17:52 ( cf. infr. ) ֑גָּיְא1 Ch 4:39 , גֵּיאZc 14:4 , גֶּיא
Is 40:4 , גַּיDt 34:6 + 2 times; cstr. גֵּיא Is 22:1 + 21 times גֵּיJos 15:8 + 13 times;
pl. abs. גֵּאָיוֹת Ez 31:12 ; 36:4 , 6 + 7:16 ; 32:5 ( del. Co ) + 6:3 2 K 2:16
Qr (so Co Ez 6:3 ; Kt ;) גיאות sf. גֵּיאוֹתֶי ָך Ez 35:8 ;— valley Jos 8:11 ( E )
Mi 1:6 1 S 17:3 2 K 2:16 ( opp. ) הַרIs 40:4 ( opp. גִּ ְבעָה, ) הַר, Ez 6:3 ; 35:8 ;
36:4 , 6 (in all c. גבעות אפיקים, ) הרים, 31:12 ( opp. ) הַר, cf.
7:16 ( del. B
Co ) 32:5 ; specif., valley in Moab, a station of Isr. Nu 21:20 ( E ); over against
Beth-Peor Dt 3:29 ; 4:46 ; 34:6 ; a valley near גְּדוֹר1 Ch 4:39 ; חזָּיוֹןִ ג׳Is 22:1 ,
5 near Jerus. ; מנִים
ָ ְשׁ ג׳Is 28:1 , 4 valley of fatness , fertility, the valley
surrounding Samaria; ַגּ׳ ַשׁעַר ה2 Ch 26:9 Ne 2:13 , 15 ; 3:13 ; apocalyptic valley
Zc 14:4 , made by cleaving Mt. of Olives, cf. ; ג׳ הריםvalley of slaughter ג׳
ההרגה, a future name of valley of Hinnom Je 7:32 ; 19:6 1 S 17:52 ( ) ַגּיְא
reads גַּתcf. We Dr ; Je 2:23 of valley of Hinnom, v. infr. ; fig. ψ 23:4 ג׳
צלמותcf. ; צלמותEz 39:11 ג׳ הָעֹ ְברִים, Co ָה ֲע ָברִיםn.pr. cf. infr. ;
elsewhere in combination with n.pr. :— a. ֵל ג׳ יְִפתַּח־אJos 19:14 , 27 perhaps
Jotapata Jos BJ iii. 7, 7
; Rabbin. גופתתאReland Pal. 816 ;— Tell Jef̂t Rob BR iii, 107 .
Guérin Gal i. 476 f. cf. Bd Pal. 243 . b. ִים ג׳ ַהצְּבֹע1 S 13:18 . c. ג׳־ ַה ֶמּלַח2 K 14:7 (
Kt ; Qr om. art.) 1 Ch 18:12 2 Ch 25:11 = ַח ג׳־ ֶמל2 S 8:13 ψ 60:2 (title); S. of
Dead Sea, in or bordering on Edom; el-Ghôr Rob BR ii. 109 . d. ָשׁים ִ ג׳ ֶה ָחר1 Ch
4:14 Ne 11:35 , appar. near Lod & Ono, NW. of Jerus. , not far from the sea. e. ג׳
ָ ְ ֖צ ַפתָֿה ְל ָמר2 Ch 14:9 (? read צָפֹנָה,
ֵשׁה κατὰ βορρα̂ν , to the north of M. )
prob. near the great plain of Judah, W. of Jerus, toward the sea; ִים ג׳ הָעֹ ְברEz
39:11 , E of Dead Sea ( Hi Sm ), Co reads ִים ג׳ ָה ֲע ָבר. f. name to be changed to
ג׳ הֲמוֹן־גּוֹגEz 39:11 , 15 . Most frequently g. גֵּי הִנֹּםJos 15:8 ; 18:16 Ne 11:30
, ִנֹּם
גֵּי בֶן־הJos 15:8 ; 18:16 2 K 23:10 Qr ( Kt ) גי בני ה׳2 Ch 28:3 ; 33:6
Je 7:31 , 32 ; 19:2 , 6 ; 32:35 ; valley SW. & S. of Jerus. ( Rob BR ii. 273 f. ), where
incense was burned, and children were offered in sacrifice to ‘Molech.’ Others
identify with the Tyrop œ on valley, cf. RS Sem i. 353 ; vid. further ִנֹּם
ה, תֹּפֶת.
גידTWOT 344
( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ;? cf. Assyrian gâdu , bind, fetter , Jäger
BAS i. 589 f.
).
† גִּיד S 1517
TWOT 344a
GK 1630
n. m. Gn 32:33 sinew ( NH id. , Aramaic
גִּידָא, ; cf. Arabic neck ) — cstr. גִּידGn 32:33 ( ×2 ) Is 48:4 ; pl. גִּידִיםJb 10:11
Ez 37:6 , גִּדִיםEz 37:8 ; cstr. גִּידֵיJb 40:17 ;— sinew , in general of human body, ||
בשׂר, עור, עצמות, Jb 10:11 cf. Ez 37:6 , 8 ; of thigh Gn 32:33 (of beast) v
33 ; iron sinew, fig. of obstinacy, Is 48:4 ָ ; וג׳ ַבּ ְרזֶל ָע ְר ֶפּ֑ ָך וּ ִמ ְצ ֲח ָך נof
ְחוּשׁה
hippopot., פחדו ג׳, i.e. of his loins, Jb 40:17 .
† ִיחוֹן גּS 1521 TWOT 345a GK 1633 n.pr. fl. ( a bursting forth ) — 1. one of the
rivers of Eden Gn 2:13 (on theories of identity v. Comm. ; also Smith Dict. Bible
Schaff-Herzog Art. Eden Spurrell Text of Gen. ad loc. Ri HWB ). 2. spring of water near
Jerusalem: גִּחוֹן1 K 1:33 , 38 , 45 , ֵי גִוחוֹן ָה ֶעלְיוֹן מֵימ2 Ch 32:30 , ְלגִיחוֹן ַבּנַּחַל
2 Ch 33:14 ;—there are two main theories as to locality: a. W. of Jerusalem,
connected with Birket Mamilla , and aqueduct into city Rob BR i. 239, 345 ff. Survey
Jerusalem
al. ; b. E. of Jerusalem = Fountain of the Virgin, Furrer Schenkel BL ii. 463 Bd
Pal. 101
, or Siloah water-system Guthe ZPV , v. , 1882, 359 ff.
1883, 537
; cf. Arabic go round or about, be excited to levity, etc. ) — Qal Pf. ַג ְלתִּי Is
65:10 ; Impf. יָגִיל, ָתּגִילψ 21:2 + 4 times ( ψ 21:2 Kt יגיל, Qr ֫יָגֶלwith retracted
tone); יָגֵל, תּגֵל
ָ ψ 13:6 + 11 times, וַיָּגֶלψ 16:9 , אָגִילָה, נָגִילָהψ 9:15 + 5 times,
יָגִילוּψ 13:5 + 5 times, יְגִילוּןψ 89:17 , ָתֵּג ְלנָהψ 48:12 + 2 times; ִול ֯ יָגPr 23:24 ;
Imv. גִּילוּψ 2:11 + 4 times, ִי גִּילIs 49:13 + 2 times; 1. rejoice , a. abs. ψ 13:5 ;
51:10 Is 49:13 Zc 9:9 ; || שׂמחψ 14:7 ; 16:9 ; 32:11 ; 48:12 ; 53:7 ; 96:11 ; 97:1 ,
8 Pr 23:24 , 25 1 Ch 16:31 Hb 1:15 ; || שׂושׂ, שׂישׂIs 35:1 ; 65:18 . b. c. בּ ְ ψ
149:2 Pr 2:14 ; 24:17 Is 9:2 ; בירושׁלםIs 65:19 ; 66:10 ; בישׁועתךψ 9:15 ; 13:6 ;
21:2 ; ביהוהψ 35:9 Is 41:16 Zc 10:7 ; באלהיםIs 61:10 Hb 3:18 ; בשׁם י׳ψ 89:17
; בקדושׁ ישׂראלIs 29:19 ; גיל ושׂמח ב׳ψ 31:8 ; 118:24 Ct 1:4 Is 25:9 Jo 2:23 ;
גילי ושׂמחי כיJo 2:21 . c. with עַלZp 3 ; 17 . Besides persons the subj. is לֵבψ 13:6
Pr 24:17 Zc 10:7 ; נפשׁψ 35:9 Is 61:10 , ) נפשׁ = ( כבודψ 16:9 , ארץ1 Ch 16:31
ψ 96:11 ; 97:1 Is 49:13 , ערבהIs 35:1 , 2 . 2. tremble ( cf. Arabic ) ψ 2:11 || ( עבד
Thes Ew Hi Che , but Hu De Pe AV RV rejoice ), Ho 10:5 || ( אבלThes
and most mod., but AV RV that rejoiced over it), possibly error for חילEw Gr Che
.
† I. ִיל
גּS 1523 , 1524
TWOT 346 , 346a , 346b
GK 1635 , 1636 , 1637
n. [ m. ] rejoicing —
Jb 3:22 + 6times, גִּו֯לPr 23:24 ; sf. גִּי ִלי ψ 43:4 ;— rejoicing ψ 65:13 Pr 23:24 ; ||
שׂמחה ψ 45:16 Is 16:10 Je 48:33 Jo 1:16 , ִי
גִיל ִשׂ ְמחַת ψ 43:4 , גיל שׂמח אל
glad unto rejoicing Ho 9:1 Jb 3:22 .
† II. [ ִיל
גּS 1523 , 1524
TWOT 346 , 346a , 346b
GK 1635 , 1636 , 1637
] n. [ m. ] circle, age
, אשׁר ְכִּג ְלכֶם מן הילדיםof the youths which are of your age Dn 1:10 ( cf. Arabic
† גִּילָה S 1525
TWOT 346c
GK 1638
n. f. rejoicing Is 65:18 , רנֵּן
ַ ְו גִּילַת Is 35:2
( nom. verbal. for Inf. abs. cf. De Di ; cstr. before ְ וGes § 130. 2
; but read
prob. ָה
ַהגִּילָה ;) גִּילread Is 9:2 f or לֹא הַגּוֹיby Krochm Che RS Di .
† גִּלֹה S 1542
GK 1656
n.pr.loc. city in mountains of Judah Jos 15:51 2 S 15:12
; ( on √ cf. Dr 2 S 15:12 . )
† גִּילֹנִי S 1526
GK 1639
adj. gent. 2 S 15:12 , 23:34 = 1 Ch 11:36 , where
also read ַגּ׳
( הfor MT ) ַהפְּלֹנִי.
גִּינַת S 1527
GK 1640
v. sub גנן.
גירTWOT 347
( boil, boil up ?
cf. Aramaic גִּירwave NH id. foam; Arabic
quicklime , also heat in chest from rage or hunger (Lane); admodum aestuans according
to Fl NHWB i. 433 b ; but cf. infr. )
† גִּר S 1615
TWOT 347a
GK 1732
n. [ m. ] chalk, lime ( perhaps Aramaic
loanword cf. Frä 9; Aramaic (also Biblical Aramaic) גִּיר, ; Arabic is loan-wd. Frä
l.c.
) — ִמזְ ֵבּ ַח כְּאַ ְבנֵי גִר Is 27:9 .
† [ ֵיר
] גּn. m. 2 Ch 2:16 v. גֵּרsub I. גור.
† ֵישׁן
ָ גּ S 1529
GK 1642
n.pr. m. a descendant of Judah through Caleb 1 Ch 2:47 .
גַּל S 1530
TWOT 353a
GK 1643 , 1644
, ֵל
גּS 1561
TWOT 353b , 353d
GK 1645
, גֹּלS
1531
TWOT 353c
v. sub גלל.
† [ ָב
ַגּלּS 1532
TWOT 348 , 348a
GK 1647
] n. [ m. ] barber ( Ph. גלב CIS i, 257 ff.
GK 1651 , 1652
, ֶת
ֻגּלְגֹּלS 1538
TWOT 353l
GK 1653
v. sub גלל.
גלדS 1539
TWOT ( √ of foll. meaning
349
GK 1654
dub. perhaps cf. Ethiopic
obducere, inducere; Arabic scourge ) .
֫גֶּלTWOT
† [ ֶד 349a
] n. m. skin ( Arabic , Aramaic לדָּא
ְ ִגּ, ) of man Jb 16:15
ַשׂק ָת ַפ ְרתִּי ֲעלֵי ִגלְדּ֑י.
ָגּלָהS TWOT 350 GK 1655 189 vb. uncover, remove ( NH id. , cf. Arabic be
1540
or become clear, uncovered; display, reveal, declare; go forth, emigrate; cf. Ethiopic
obducere, velare , & II. in deriv. (rare) Di 1141 ; Aramaic ָא
ְגּל, reveal ) — Qal 51 Pf. ג׳
etc. 1 S 4:21 + (1 S times in all); Impf. יְִגלֶה 1 S 20:2 + 5 times וַיִּ֫גֶֽל2 K 17:23 + 3
times, also juss. ֫יִגֶלJb 20:28 ; 36:15 ; 3 mpl. יִגְלוּAm 6:7 ; Imv. ms. ְגּלֵהEz
12:3 ; Inf. abs. גָּלֹהAm 5:5 + 2 times, cstr. גְּלוֹתJu 18:30 Je 1:3 ; Pt. ֶה גּוֹל2 K
24:14 , ֶה גֹּל1 S 22:8 + 3 times, f. גּוֹלָהIs 49:21 ; pass. גָּלוּיEst 3:14 + 2 times,
cstr. גְּלוּיNu 24:4 , 16 ;— 1. ָה אֹוֶן ָגּלuncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him 1 S
9:15 ; 20:2 , 12 , 13 ; 22:8 ( ×2 ) , 17 2 S 7:27 1 Ch 17:25 Ru 4:4 Jb 33:16 ; 36:10 ,
15 ; גְּלוּי עיניםuncovered of eyes , having the eyes open Nu 24:4 , 16 ; לה סוֹד
ָ ָגּreveal
a secret Am 3:7 Pr 20:19 ; הגלויthe revealed opp. ֶהחָתוּם Je 32:11 ; ל
גָּלוּיְ
disclosed, published Est 3:14 ; 8:13 . 2. intr. remove, depart , צראה גלה משׂושׂthe
mirth of the land is departed Is 24:11 ; יגל יבול ביתוthe increase of his house shall
depart Jb 20:28 ; גלה חצירPr 27:25 . 3. go into exile Ju 18:30 2 K 17:23 ; 25:21 Is
5:13 Je 1:3 ; 52:27 Ez 12:3 ; 39:23 Am 1:5 ; 5:5 ; 6:7 ; 7:11 , 17 Mi 1:16 La 1:3
; גלה כבוד1 S 4:21 , 22 Ho 10:5 ; pt. ֶה גֹּלan exile 2 S 15:19 2 K 24:14 Is 49:21
Am 6:7 . Niph. Pf. נְִגלָה1 S 3:1 + 9 times, נְִג ָלתָהIs 53:1 , נְִג ֵלתִי1 S 2:27 , נִגְלוּGn
35:7 + 2 times, ִינוּ נְִגל1 S 14:8 ; Impf. יִָגּלֶה, ִתָּגּלֶה1 S 3:7 + 4 times ִתּגָּלIs 47:3 ,
יִגָּלוּ2 S 22:16 + 2 times; Imv. ִהגָּלוּIs 49:9 ; Inf. abs. נִגְלֹה1 S 2:27 ; cstr.
נִגְלוֹת2 S 6:20 , ִהגָּלוֹת2 S 6:20 + 2 times; Pt. pl. נִגְלֹתDt 29:28 ;— 1. refl. a.
uncover oneself (one’s nakedness) 2 S 6:20 . b. discover or shew oneself Is 49:9 , ֶל א1
S 14:8 , 11 . c. reveal himself (of God), ֶל אGn 35:7 ( E ) 1 S 2:27 ; 3:21 , באזניIs
22:14 . 2. pass. a. be uncovered (one’s nakedness), ערוהEx 20:26 ( E ) Is 47:3 Ez
16:36 ; 23:29 , שׁוליםJe 13:22 . b. be disclosed, discovered , foundations 2 S 22:16 (
= ψ 18:16 ) Ez 13:14 ; gates of death Jb 38:17 , עוןHo 7:1 , פשׁעEz 21:29 , רעהPr
26:26 Ez 16:57 . c. be reveled כבוד י׳Is 40:5 , זרוע י׳Is 53:1 , דבר י׳1 S 3:7 , צדקה
Is 56:1 ; with ל ְ Is 23:1 Dn 10:1 , ַהנִּגְלֹתthe things revealed Dt 29:28 . 3. be removed
, מנִּי
ִ דּוֹרִי נִסַּע וְנְִגלָהmy habitation is plucked up and removed from me Is 38:12 . Pi. 56
Pf. ָה ִגּלּLv 20:11 , ִגּלִּיתIs 57:8 , ִגּלֵּיתִיJe 33:6 ; Impf. יְַגלֶּהDt 23:1 , ְתּגַלPr 25:9 ;
Imv. גַּלψ 119:18 , ִי ַגּלּIs 47:2 ; Inf. גַּלּוֹתLv 18:6 ; Pt. ְמַגלָּהJb 12:22 ;— 1.
uncover , a. nakedness (often = contract marriage , RS Lag GN 1882, 408; JPh. ix. 94 ) Lv
18:6–19 ; 20:11–21 ( H 23 times) Ez 22:10 ; cf. כנף אביוDt 23:1 ; 27:20 ; of
exposure , as a reproach, Ez 16:37 ; 23:10 , cf. נבלתHo 2:12 , שׁוליםNa 3:5 ;
immodesty Ez 23:18 , מקור דמיהLv 20:18 ( H ), תזנותיהEz 23:18 ; ג׳alone Is 57:8
(all subj. fem. ) b. in gen.; feet Ru 3:4 , 7 , leg Is 47:2 , vail v 2 (i.e. remove it) cf.
22:8 , לבושׁו פניJb 41:5 , eyes Nu 22:31 ( E ) ψ 119:18 (open them so as to see). 2.
disclose, discover, lay bare , secret places Je 49:10 , deep places Jb 12:22 , foundations
Mi 1:6 , blood Is 26:21 , iniquity Jb 20:27 , secret Pr 11:13 ; 25:9 , a wanderer (betray)
Is 16:3 . 3. make known, shew, reveal , ֶל רִיב אmake known a cause unto Je 11:20 ;
20:12 ; with ל
ְ Je 33:6 ; לעיני ִגּלָּה ִצ ְדקָתוֹshew his righteousness in the eyes of ψ 98:2 ;
with ַל
ע: עון על, על חטאתmake known concerning , iniquity, sin La 2:14 ; 4:22 . Pu.
Pf. ָה ֻגּ ְלּתbe uncovered Na 2:8 ; Pt. תּוֹ ַכחַת ְמגֻלָּהopen rebuke Pr 27:5 . Hiph. 39 Pf.
ֶהְגלָה2 K 17:11 + , ִהגְלָה2 K 24:14 , ֶהְגלָם1 Ch 8:7 , ִהגְלָםJe 20:4 ; Impf. וַיֶּגֶל2
K 17:6 + 3 times; sf. ה ָ וַיְַּג ֶל2 K 16:9 , וַיְַּגלֵם2 K 15:29 , 1 Ch 5:26 , יַגְלוּם1 Ch 8:6 :
Inf. הגְלוֹת ַ 1 Ch 5:41 + 5 times, ַבּגְלוֹתוֹJe 27:20 ;— corry away into exile, take into
exile 2 K 15:29 ; 16:9 ; 17:6 , 11 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 33 ; 18:11 ; 24:14 , 15 ; 25:11 1
Ch 5:6 , 26 , 41 ; 8:6 , 7 2 Ch 36:20 Ezr 2:1 Ne 7:6 Est 2:6 Je 20:4 ; 22:12 ;
24:1 ; 27:20 ; 20:1 , 4 , 7 , 14 ; 39:9 ; 43:3 ; 52:15 , 28 , 29 , 30 La 4:22 Ez 39:28
Am 1:6 ; 5:27 . Hoph. Pf. ָה ָהְגלEst 2:6 ; f. ָהְג ְלתָהEst 2:6 , ָהגְלוּ1 Ch 9:1 Je 40:7
, ָת
ָהְגלJe 13:19 ( ×2 )
( Ges § 75 m
); Pt. pass. ֻמְגלִים Je 40:1 carried into exile . Hithp.
1. Impf. תגַּל
ְ ִ וַיּwas uncovered (naked) Gn 9:21 . 2. Inf. ְבּ ִה ְתגַּלּוֹת לִבּוֹthat his heart
may reveal itself Pr 18:2 .
† גּוֹלָה S 1473
TWOT 350a
GK 1583
42 n. f. exiles, exile — ( cf. Arabic one
emigrating , a company of exiles ) — Je 28:6 + 38 times, ָה
גֹּלIs 49:21 1 Ch 5:22
Est 2:6 Na 3:10 ;— 1. coll. exiles , Est 2:6 Je 29:1 Ez 1:1 ; 3:11 , 15 ; 11:24 ,
25 Na 3:10 ; כל־הגולהJe 28:6 ; 29:4 , 20 , 31 , קהל הגולהEzr 10:8 . 2.
abstract, exile , Ezr 6:21 ; 9:4 ; 10:6 Zc 6:10 ; בגולה הלךgo into exile Je 48:11 ;
49:3 ; Ez 12:11 ; 25:3 Am 1:15 ; יצא בג׳Je 29:16 ; 48:7 Zc 14:2 ; הוליך גולה
carry into exile 2 K 24:15 , הביא ג׳2 K 24:16 , הוציא ג׳Ez 12:4 , העלה ג׳Ezr
1:11 ; כלי גולהequipment for exile Je 46:19 Ez 12:3 , 4 , 7 ; עד הגלהuntil the
exile 1 Ch 5:22 ; בני הגולהexiles Ezr 4:1 ; 6:19 , 20 ; 8:35 ; 10:7 , 16 ; שׁבי
הגולהcaptivity of the exile Ezr 2:1 Ne 7:6 .
† גָּלוּת S 1546
TWOT 350b
GK 1661
n. f. exile — Is 20:4 + 9 times; ֻת
גָּלOb
20:20 ; sf. ִי
גָּלוּתIs 45:13 , גָּלוּתֵינוּEz 33:21 ; 40:1 ( Qameṣ unchangeable);— 1.
abs. exile , 2 K 25:27 Je 52:31 Ez 1:2 ; 33:21 ; 40:1 . 2. coll. exiles Am 1:6 , 9
Ob 20:20 , גלות כושׁIs 20:4 , גלות יהודהJe 24:5 ; 28:4 ; 29:22 ; 40:1 , גלותי
ישׁלחhe shall let my exiles ( Yahweh’s ) go free Is 45:13 ; vid. Lag Arm. Stud. § 445
.
† ִגּלָּיוֹן S 1549
TWOT 350c
GK 1663
n. m. table, tablet ( Talm ִגּלְיוֹן, the empty
margin of page or roll, vid. Lag GN 1881, 403, cf. BN 199
) — קַח־ ְל ָך גִּלָּיוֹן גָּדוֹל וּכְתֹב
ָעלָיוtake thee a great tablet and write upon it Is 8:1 ; pl. ְיֹנִים
ַהגִּלtablets of
polished metal, mirrors Is 3:23 B Ges Che Di De ; but transparent
garments, gauzes , Ew ( cf. Arabic fine garment ).
† ָגּ ְליַת n.pr. m. ( conspicuous ? On ending ת cf. Dr 1 S 17:4 & Nö in Eut
Nab 73
) ( ָגּ ְליָת 1 Ch 20:5 ) Philistine giant slain by David 1 S 17:4 , 23 ; 21:10 ;
22:10 , but according to 2 S 21:19 slain by Elhanan of Bethlehem ( ִי
ַה ַלּ ְחמ ; בֵּית
according to 1 Ch 20:5 Elhanan slew ִי
ַל ְחמbrother of Goliath).
גִּלֹה S 1542
GK 1656
n.pr.loc. v. sub גיל.
ֻגּלָּה S 1543
TWOT 353c
GK 1657
v sub גלל.
†[ ָגּלַחS 1548
TWOT 351
GK 1662
] vb. be bald ( Arabic ) ; Pi. shave, shave off (
so NH , Aramaic ) — Pf. וְִגלַּח consec. Lv 14:8 + 2 times; sf. וְִגלְּחוֹ consec. 2 S
14:26 ; 3 fs. וְִג ְלּחָהconsec. Dt 21:12 ; Impf. יְַגלַּחLv 14:9 Is 7:20 , יְַג ֵלּ֑ ַחLv
13:33 + 2 times, ַח וַיְַגלּGn 41:14 2 S 10:4 ; sf. (3 ms. ) יְגַ ְלּחֶנּוּ, וַיְַג ְלּחֵם1 Ch 19:4 ;
3 fs. ַח וַ ְתַּגלּJu 16:19 ; 3 mpl. יְַג ֵלּ֑חוּLv 21:5 Ez 44:20 ; Inf. sf. of subj. ַגּלְּחוֹ2
S 14:26 ;— 1. shave , obj. the head, רֹאשׁNu 6:9 ( ×2 ) , 18 ( P ) Dt 21:12 (hair as
containing impurity cf. RS Sem i 407 ), 2 S 14:26 ( ×2 ) cf. 26 Ez 44:20 ; Lv 13:33 ( P
), obj. ֶק
; ַהנֶּתobj. persons 1 Ch 19:4 . 2. shave off , the hair ֵשׂעָוLv 14:8 , 9 ( ×2 ) ( P
) cf. Ju 16:19 ; the beard ָן
זָקLv 21:5 ( H ) 2 S 10:4 . 3. fig. of devastation by
Assyrians Is 7:20 ( obj. הָרֹאשׁ, ַשׂעַר ָה ַרְג ָ ֑ליִםand ) ַהזָּקָן4. intrans. he shaved
(himself) Gn 41:14 ( E ). Pu. Pf. לּ֑ח ָ ֻגּJu 16:22 , ֻגּ ַלּ ְחתִּיJu 16:17 ; Pt. cstr. ְמֻג ְלּחֵי
Je 41:5 ;— be shaven , subj. pers. (of Samson) Ju 16:17 , 22 ; ָן ְמֻג ְלּחֵי זָקJe 41:5 .
Hithp. Pf. לּ֑ח
ָ וְ ִה ְתַגּconsec. Lv 13:33 ; Inf. sf. ִה ְתַגּלְחוֹNu 6:19 ;— shave oneself
Lv 13:33 ; c. acc. ֶת־נִזְרוֹ אNu 6:19 (both P ).
I. גללS 1558
TWOT 352
GK 1673
( be great in rank or dignity (often of God) ) .
† I. [ ָל
ָגּלS 1557 , 1558 , 1559 , 1561
TWOT 352 , 352a , 353d
GK 1645 , 1672 , 1673 , 1674
] n. [
m. ] account , only in cstr. st. with בּ
ְ , ִבְּגלַלon account of, for the sake of ( a
great and momentous matter; on thy account; cf. מִן ִבְּגלַל ְדּbecause that in
Palestinian , as ψ 4:9 , and in Jerus. Syriac PS 731 ) Gn 39:5 י׳blessed the
house of the Egyptian ֵף
יוֹס ִבְּגלַלon account of Joseph , Dt 15:10 ; 18:12 1 K
14:16 Je 11:17 ; 15:4 ; with sf. ך ָ ֑ ִבּגְ ָל ֶלGn 30:27 ; ִבְּג ָל ֵל ְך12:13 ; ִבְּג ַל ְלכֶםDt
1:37 Mi 3:12 .
† גַּל S 1530
TWOT 353a
GK 1643 , 1644
n. m. Gn 31:48 heap, wave, billow ( as
rolled together, rolling, rolling up ) , also spring , MT Ct 4:12 cf. 3 infr. — abs.
גַּלּ ַ Gn 31:48 + ); ֑גָּלGn 31:46 ; ַהגָּ֑לGn 31:46 ; ַלגָּ֑ל
Jb 8:17 + 5 times (incl. הגַּל
Is. 25:2 ; cstr. גַּל־ Jos 7:26 + 2 times + Gn 31:47 , 48 q.v. infr. ; pl. ַגּלִּים2 K
19:25 + 6 times; cstr. גַּלֵּי־ Is 48:18 ; sf. ַגּלָּיו ψ 89:10 + 6 times; ֶם
ַגּלֵּיהψ 65:8
+ 2 times;— 1. heap of stones, a. אבנים ג׳raised ( ) הקיםover dead body Jos 7:26 ;
8:29 ; cf. 2 S 18:17 ( c. ) ִהצִּיב. b. גַּלalone Jb 8:17 (roots wrapped about it). c.
heap or pile made ( ) עשׂהfor use in ratifying compact of Jacob with Laban Gn
31:46 ( ×2 ) , 48 , 51 , 52 ( ×3 ) cf. also ֵד
ַגּ ְלעn.pr. d. heap of ruins Is 25:2 ;
elsewhere pl. Ho 12:12 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 Jb 15:28 Jer. 9:10 ; 51:37 . 2.
waves ( rollers ) poet., only pl. , waves of sea Je 5:22 ; 31:35 Is 51:15 Jb 38:11
ψ 65:8 ; 89:10 ; 107:25 , 29 ; cf. also in simile Ez 26:3 Is 48:18 ( היָּם ַ ;) ַגּלֵּי־fig.
of chastisements from י׳ψ 42:8 ( || ִים ִשׁ ָבּר
ְ ) מJon 2:3 ( || id. ); of army of
Babylon’s conqueror Je 51:42 , 55 ; cf. Zc 10:11 ( VB ; but Bev JPh. xviii. 88
גִּ ְבלcf. Ez 27:9 ). 3. spring , Ct 4:12 נָעוּל אֲחוֹתִי ַכּ ָלּ֑ה גַּל נָעוּל
proposes ִים גַּן
Ri E. Riehm.
ַמ ְעיָן חָתוּםa garden barred ( is ) my sister, bride, a spring barred, a fountain sealed;
but גַּןfor גַּל S B.
† ַגּלִּים S 1554
GK 1668
n.pr.loc. ( heaps ) ;—place N. of Jerus. 1 S 25:44 ;
personified as ַת־גִ׳
בּIs 10:30 .
† [ ֵל
גּS 1561
TWOT 353b , 353d
GK 1645
] n. [ m. ] dung ( bell of dung, Arabic
etc., dung of camels etc., cf. Aramaic ָא
; ַגּלּon form v. Ew § 255 b
Ol § 150. 163
)—
sf. ֶגּלֲלוֹ Jb 20:7 , pl. cstr. ֶגּ ֲללֵי ) צֵאַת ( הָאָדָםEz 4:12 , 15 ;—human dung used
as fuel Ez 4:12 , 15 ; ג׳ ) צֵאַת ( הָאָדָםperhaps also Jb 20:7 , but cf. Di , who
thinks no ref. to fuel, & De who thinks of cattle-dung; ( v. on Arabic word Wetzst
in De ).—See also II. ָל ָגּל.
גֹּל S 1531
TWOT 353c
, ָה
ֻגּלּS 1543
TWOT 353c
GK 1657
v. ֻגּלָּה.
† ֻגּלָּה S 1543
TWOT 353c
GK 1657
n. f. basin, bowl — ג׳Zc 4:3 + v 2 cf.
infr. ; cstr. ֻגּלַּתEc 12:6 ; pl. abs. גֻּלֹּתJos 15:19 ( ×2 ) + 2 times; ־וֹת2 Ch 4:12 ;
cstr. ) ־וֹת ( גֻּלֹּת1 K 7:41 ( ַגּ׳
הTh , so || 2 Ch 4:12 cf. Be ), v 41 + 3
times;— 1. basin ( pool, well ?) מיִם
ַ ג׳Jos 15:19 = Ju 1:15 ; om. ם׳Jos 15:19 ( ×2
)
= Ju 1:15 ( ×2 ) (prob. old n.pr.loc. , cf. Di ). 2. bowl , a. of lamp, i.e. oil-
receptacle Zc 4:3 , also v 2 , where MT ָהּ ֻגּלּas if from [ ;] גֹּלread גֻּלָּהBrd
Ges § 91. 1, R. 2.
; ( > Hi - St Bö § 734 b
De on ψ 27:5 Sta § 347 c
, who think ָהּ
= ֻגּלּ
—;) ֻגּ ָלּתָהּso alsoEc 12:6 ָב ֻגּלַּת ַהזָּה. b. of bowl- or globe-shaped portion of
capitals of the two pillars in temple 1 K 7:41 ( ×2 ) , 42 = 2 Ch 4:12 ( ×2 ) , 13 .
† III. ָל
ָגּלS 1557 , 1558 , 1559 , 1561 TWOT 352 , 352a , 353d GK 1645 , 1672 , 1673 , 1674 n.pr. m.
of two Levites;— 1. 1 Ch 9:15 . 2. 1 Ch 9:16 Ne 11:17 .
† I. [ ִיל
ָגּלS 1550 , 1551
TWOT 353e , 353f
GK 1664 , 1665
] adj. turning, folding ( =
revolving), pl. ְגּלִילִיםof leaves of doors 1 K 6:34 ( ×2 )
.
† ְגּלִילוֹת S 1553
TWOT 353g
GK ( strictly pl. of foreg.; prob. =
1667
n.pr.loc.
circles of stones, B tumuli , cf. Di ) 1. Jos 18:17 ( cf. לגָּל ְ ַהִגּ15:7 ), place on
border between Benj. & Judah. 2. locality described as follows: a. ֲשׁר ֶ אֶל־ג׳ ַהיַּ ְרדֵּן א
ְבּ ֶארֶץ ְכּנָ֑עַןJos 22:10 unto Geliloth ( = the circles ) of Jordan which is in the land
of Canaan; ( Γαλγαλα , L Γαλιλωθ ). b. ֵל ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּן אֶל־ ֵעבֶר ְבּנֵי י
אֶל־מוּל ֶארֶץ ְבּנַעַן אֶל־ְגּלִילוֹןv 11 in front of the land of Canaan, in Geliloth of
Jordan, beyond the sons of Israel ( Γαλααδ , L om.) v. Di ; yet cf. Dr
Intr. 106 n.
Others render ג׳here circuit of Jordan = ; ִכּכַּר ַהיַּ ְרדֵּןdistricts VB , cf.
ְגּלִילָה.
† [ ִלּוּל גּS 1544 TWOT 353h GK 1658 ] n. m. Je 50:27 only pl. idols ( = logs,
blocks , shapeless things Ges Baud Rel. i. 95 ; Ew doll-images > dungy things Sm
† I. [ ָל
ִגּ ְלגּS 1536 , 1537
TWOT 353j , 353k
GK 1651 , 1652
] n. [ m. ] wheel ( on
format. cf. Ba NB 204
) of cart, ִגּ ְלגַּל ֶעְגלָתוֹ Is 28:28 .
† ֫ ֻגּל
ְגֹּלֶת S 1538
TWOT 353l
GK 1653
n. f. skull, head, poll (person) ( Ba
NB
205
; Aramaic ָא
גּוּ ְלַגּ ְלתּ, Arabic ) — abs. ג׳ 2 K 9:35 + 3 times; sf. ֻגּ ְלָגּלְתּוֹ Ju
9:53 1 Ch 10:10 ; pl. sf. ָם ֻגּ ְלגְּלֹתNu 1:2 + 5 times;— 1. skull , as broken by a
stone Ju 9:53 ; as severed from body 2 K 9:35 1 Ch 10:10 . 2. head, poll (in
counting, taxing, etc.; only P and late) ַגּ׳
עֹמֶר לEx 16:16 an omer for every man;
cf. 38:26 Nu 1:2 , 18 , 20 , 22 ; 3:47 1 Ch 23:3 , 24 .
†[ ָגּלַםS 1563
TWOT 354
GK 1676
] vb. wrap up, fold, fold together ( NH id. ,
Aramaic in deriv. ) — Qal Impf. וַיִּגְלֹם 2 K 2:8 וַיִּקַּח ֵא ִליָּהוּ אֶת־אַ ַדּרְתּוֹ וַיִּגְלֹם.
† [ ְלוֹם
גּS 1545
TWOT 354a
GK 1659
] n. [ m. ] wrapping, garment ( Aramaic
ְגּלִימָא, = Pers. according to Fl ChWB i. 143
SFrä LOPh i. (1883–4) 410
) , ִבּגְלוֹמֵי
ְתּ ֵכלֶתEz 27:24 .
† [ ֶם ֫ S
גֹּל 1564
TWOT 354b
GK 1677
] n. [ m. ] embryo ( NH גּוֹלֶם, Aramaic
גּוֹ ְלמָא, unfinished vessel ) , ָגּ ְלמִי רָאוּ עֵינֶי ָך ψ 139:16 mine imperfect substance (
RV ) did thine eyes see .
†[ גָּלַע S 1566 TWOT 355 GK 1679 ] vb. expose, lay bare ( NH Pi. disclose, make
known; cf. Arabic ( Frey ) a. exuit ( vestem ), removit ( praeputium ); nuda fuit (femina);
b. patuit (os) labiis non tegentibus dentes; impudica fuit (mulier); comp. also Syriac
circumcise (in Lexx.); Ethiopic cortex, crusta, testa; Gr Monatsschr. 1884, 24 f. ; Schult Thes
De Pr 17:14 Fl in De , Now Str & most der. Heb. meaning from Arabic b ; shew
the teeth , then snarl, quarrel ( cf. Arabic conj. III ), but v. Gr l.c. ) —only Hithp. Pf.
ִה ְתַגּלַּע Pr 17:14 ; Impf. יִ ְתַגּ ָ ֑לּע Pr 18:1 ; 20:3 ;— disclose oneself, break out , Pr
17:14 subj. ִיב
; רbreak or burst out in contention, strife Pr. 20:3 subj. ; כָּל־ ֱאוִיל
similarly 18:1 ( sq. ְבּagainst; Gr l.c.
proposes ַג
יְִלעor ) יְַלעִיג.
† [ ַשׁ
ָגּלS 1570
TWOT 357
GK 1683
] vb. sit, sit up , possibly also recline ( cf.
Arabic sit up; so Thes De al. (not Ew ) ) —only Qal Pf. ( ֶשׁ)גָּֽלְשׁוּ Ct 4:1 ; 6:5
מ(הר) ִגּ ְלעָד ֶשׁגָּֽלְשׁוּof flocks of goats, in sim. of a woman’s hair; construction &
sense rather awkward.
גַּם S 1571
TWOT 361a
GK 1685
v. sub גמם.
†[ גָּמָאS 1572
TWOT 358
GK 1686
vb. swallow (liquids), ( NH id. ; cf. Aramaic
גְּמָא, גְּמַע, ; perhaps cf. also Ethiopic jar, vessel v. Di ) — Pi.
יְגַמֶּא־ ֶארֶץJb Impf.
39:24 fig. of horse in swift gallop; (this, however, possibly denom. from ָא גּוּמּNH ,
Aramaic ָא גּוּ ְמּת, pit, hollow , i.e. he makes [ paws or stamps ] hollows in the earth ).
Hiph. Imv. fs. sf. מיִם ַ ַהגְמִיאִינִי נָא ְמעַט־Gn 24:17 let me drink a little water, pray .
† ֫
גֹּמֶא S 1573
TWOT 358a
GK 1687
n. m. Jb 8:11 rush, reed, papyrus ( cf.
גמדTWOT 359
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic congeal, become solid; be hard, stern;
Aramaic ַד
גְּמbe contracted; Aph. be bold, shameless ) .
† ֫
גֹּמֶד S 1574
TWOT 359a
GK 1688
n. m. shortcubit ( from elbow to knuckles of
Ra Rashi.
† גַּ ָמּדִים S 1575
TWOT 359b
GK 1689
n.pr. gent. Ez 27:11 ; valorous men Thes
Add. 79
Ew RVm ; but n.pr. apparently needed; גּמדיםnot elsewhere; Lag Onom. Sacr.
† גִּמְזוֹ S 1579
GK 1693
n.pr.loc. ( cf. Syriac (Lexx.) sycamore; Arabic is loan-
wd. Frä ; cf. Assyrian n.pr.loc. Gamuzanu Pinches Hbr July, 1886, 222 ) , city of
140
Judah toward Philistines 2 Ch 28:18 ; mod. Jimzu , E. from Lydda Rob BR ii. 249 Bd
Pal 21
.
† גָּמַלS 1580
TWOT 360
GK 1694
vb. 1. deal fully or adequately with, deal out to
. 2. wean . 3. ripen ( Assyrian gamâlu , deal with, benefit , e.g. VR 35:19 ; NH גָּמַל,
Aramaic ַל
; גְּמv. Palm. n.pr. אגמלא Vog . No. 124,
Nab. n.pr. f. גמלת Vog . Nab.
sub No. 7
; perhapsorig. complete, accomplish , cogn. —; גמרArabic is collect , be
beautiful, goodly ) — Qal Pf. ψ 13:6 + ; Impf. יִגְמֹל Nu 17:23 + ; Imv. גְּמֹל ψ
119:17 ; Inf. גָּ ְמ ֵל ְך, גָּ ְמלָהּ 1 S 1:23 ; Pt. גֹּמֵל גָּמוּלIs 11:8 ; גָּמֻל
Pr 11:17 + ; pass.
ψ 131:2 ;— 1. a. deal out to, do to , c. 2 acc. ָע
( ×2 )
גְּ ָמ ַלתְהוּ טוֹב וְלֹא רshe doeth
him good and not evil Pr 31:12 ; ָה וַ ֲאנִי גְּ ַמ ְלתִּי ָך הָֽ ָרעָה כִּי אַתָּה גְּ ַמ ְל ַתּנִי הַטּוֹבfor thou
hast done unto me the good but I have done unto thee the evil 1 S 24:18 ; do evil (ה)רע
unto Gn 50:15 , 17 Pr 3:30 ; c. ל ְ pers. Is 3:9 ; do good unto , 2 acc. Is 63:7 ( ×2 ) ;
cf. also ֶד
גֹּמֵל נַפְשׁוֹ אִישׁ ֶחסPr 11:17 . b. with עַלpers. deal bountifully with ψ 13:6
; 116:7 ; 119:17 ; 142:8 ; c. acc. pers. reward 2 S 22:21 ( = ψ 18:21 ), perhaps also
ָלמָּה יִגְ ְמ ֵלנִי ַהגְּמוּלָה הַזֹּאתwhy should he reward me with this reward? 2 S 19:37 . c.
recompense, repay, requite , in a bad sense, with 2 acc. ψ 7:5 ; with ל
ְ pers. Dt 32:6
ψ 137:8 ; with ַל
עpers. 2 Ch. 20:11 ψ 103:10 Jo 4:4 . 2. wean a child (complete his
nursing) 1 S 1:23 ( ×2 )
, 24 1 K 11:20 Ho 1:8 ; גָּמוּלweaned child ψ 131:2 ( ×2 )
Is
11:8 ; ָב
ֵמ ָחל גְּמוּלֵיweaned from milk Is 28:9 . 3. trans. ripen, bear ripe (almonds) Nu
17:23 ; intrans. become ripe (grapes) Is 18:5 . Niph. Impf. יִגָּמֵל 1 S 1:22 ; מ֑ל
ַ ָ וַיִּגּGn
21:8 ; Inf. ִהגָּמֵל Gn 21:8 ;— be weaned .
† גְּמוּל S 1576
TWOT 360a
GK 1691
n. m. dealing, recompence, benefit — ג׳ψ
94:2 + 11 times; sf. גְּ ֻמ ְל ָך Ob 15 , etc.; pl. sf. גְּמוּלָיו ψ 103:2 ;— 1. דיִם
ַָגְּמוּל י
dealing of the hands Ju 9:16 Pr 12:14 ( ל
ְ ) יָשׁוּב Is 3:11 ( ל
ְ ָשׂה
ֶ ) יֵע. 2. dealing ,
† גָּמוּל S 1577
GK 1690
n.pr. m. ( weaned ) a chief of the Levites 1 Ch 24:17 .
Vid. also גָּמוּל ( בֵּיתJe 48:23 ).
† גְּמוּלָה S 1578
TWOT 360b
GK 1692
n. f. 2 S 19:37 dealing, recompence — ג׳
2 S 19:37 cf. ; גָּמַל pl. גְּמוּלוֹתdealings Is 59:18 ; Je 51:56 אֵל גְּמֻלוֹתGod of
recompence .
† [ ְמוּל
ַתּגS 8408
TWOT 360c
GK 9326
] n. m. benefit — pl. c. Aramaic sf.
כָּל־ ַתּגְמוּלוֹהִי ָעלָיall his benefits unto me ψ 116:12 .
† גָּמָל S 1581
TWOT 360d
GK 1695
n. m. Gn 24:10 + 9 times, f. & m. Gn
32:16 ( cf. infr. ), camel ( NH id. Arabic , Ethiopic Assyrian gammalu COT Gloss
Aramaic ָא
גַּ ְמל, ; Palm. Tariff pl. גמלין Reckendorf ZMG 1888, 401
; √ גמלbut
meaning of √ dub. ; Bo der. from גמלrequite , so Lag
Hieroz i. 73
(camel as BN 20, 49
גַּם S 1571 TWOT 361a GK 1685 768 adv. denoting addition , also, moreover, year (
Moab. id. : also Zinj. ( Lzb 250 Cooke 166 ) prob. akin to √ ; cf. (accus.) in a mass,
altogether ) — 1. also, moreover , emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire
sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as Gn 3:6 וַ ִתּתֵּן גַּם
ִישׁהּ
ָ ְלאand gave also to her husband, v 27 and take also of the tree of life, 7:3 ;
19:21 ; 24:19 ; 26:21 ; 29:27 ; 30:15 ; 32:21 ( … הגֵּה ִ גַּם: so Est 7:9 ) 48:11 Ex
8:28 ; 12:32 b Dt 1:37 1 S 28:20 2 S 11:12 2 K 9:27 Is 7:13 + . Often before
pronouns, Gn 4:4 ִיא גַם הוּא וְ ֶהבֶל ֵהבand Abel, he also brought, 20:5
( וְהִיא־גַס־הִואso only here) and she herself also ,
v 6 27:31 עשׂ גַּם הוּא ַַ וַיּ, 30:3
Dt 3:20 Ju 3:31 ; 6:35 ; 9:19 1 S 19:20–24 Je 12:6 ; 48:26 etc. ( cf. MI 6
) ויאמר גם הא: especially in genealogies of J ( Bu Urg. 220 ) Gn 4:22 , 26 ; 10:21 ;
19:38 ; 22:20 , 24 cf. Ju 8:31 . גַּםsq. pron. also begins a sentence with emph. in
an elevated style, thou ( they ) also , Is 14:10 Je 12:6 ( ×2 ) ; 48:7 Ez 16:52 Na
3:11 ( ×2 ) . After a pron. in an oblique case ( Ges § 135, 2 ) Gn 27:34 1 S 19:23 2 S
17:5 Je 25:14 ; 27:7 + . וְגַםand also (more often than גַּםalone attaching a
sentence) Gn 6:4 ; 14:16 ; 15:14 ; 17:16 ; 20:12 ; 24:14 , 46 ; 30:6 ; 37:7 ; 38:24
; 42:28 Ex 2:19 ; 3:9 ; 4:14 Jos 7:11 (5 times) 1 S 4:17 1 K 21:19 + often; with
a negative = neither Ex 5:2 ; 34:3 al. — ( גַּם … גַּםlike et … et ) both … and Gn
44:16 ; 47:3 , 19 Nu 18:3 Je 51:12 ψ 49:3 + : גַּם … גַּם … גַּם Gn 24:25 Ju
† [ ָה
ְמגַמּS 4041
TWOT 361b
GK 4480
] n. f. Hb 1:9 (of the Chaldaeans) ְמגַמַּת
ְפּנֵיהֶם ָק ִד֑ימָה, of uncertain meaning: Ges the assembling of their faces is (directed)
forwards; Ew De Ke eagerness , comparing (questionably) מא
ָ ָ גּswallow Jb 39:24
, and ( Freyt. ) seek (whence St proposes ַת
) ְמגֻמ. Text prob. erron.
גמץTWOT 362
( √ of foll., Aramaic גְּמַץdig (perhaps denom.) ) .
† גּוּמָּץ S 1475
TWOT 362a
GK 1585
n. m. pit ( Aramaic loan-wd., cf. גּוּ ְמצָא, ;
NH גּוּ ָמּצָא cf. Ba NB 66, Anm. 1
), Ec 10:8 ג׳ בּוֹ יִפּ֑וֹל חֹפֵרhe that diggeth a pit
shall fall into it; so also Pr 26:27 S where ℌ כֹּרֶה ַשׁחַת.
† גָּמַרS 1584
TWOT 363
GK 1698
vb. end, come to an end, complete (only ψ ) (
NH id. complete; As gamâru Lotz TP . Register
& deriv. COT Gloss
al. ; Aramaic ַר
גְּמ, ;
Ethiopic (II); cf. also Arabic collect, assemble ) — Qal Pf. גּ׳ ψ 12:2 ; 77:9 ; Impf.
יִגְמֹר ψ 138:8 ; ָר־
יִגְמψ 7:10 ; Pt. גֹּמֵרψ 57:3 ;— 1. come to an end, be no more ψ
7:10 ; 12:2 ( || [ ַס ;)] ָפּס77:9 ( || ) אָפֵס. 2. trans. bring to an end, complete , אֵל גֹּמֵר
ָע ָל֑יψ 57:3 God that completeth, accomplisheth, for me ( Gr Bi גמל, & so Che
doubtfully), ִי י׳ יִגְמֹר ַבּ ֲעד138:8 .
† ֫
גֹּמֶר S 1586
TWOT 363a
GK 1699 , 1700
n.pr. 1. m. a. son of Japhet Gn 10:2 , 3
; cf. further Assyrian Gimirrai , Schr KG 157 ff. Dl Pa 245 f. also Len Or. ii. 1, 332 ff. 2. f.
wife of Hosea, Ho 1:3 .
גַּן S 1588
TWOT 367a
GK 1703
, ָה
ַגּנּS 1593 , 1594
TWOT 367b
GK 1708
v. sub גנן.
†[ ָגּנַבS 1589
TWOT 364
GK 1704
] vb. steal ( NH id. , Aramaic ְגּנַב, ; Arabic is
hurt the side , or put aside , den. from side ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. sf. ְגּנָבַתּוּ Jb 21:18 ;
ְגּנָ ָב֫תGn 31:32 ; 2 ms.
27:20 , ַם ָגּנַ ְב ָתּGn 31:30 ; 1 s. וְָג ֑נַ ְבתִּיconsec. Pr 30:9 ;
גָּֽנְבוּJos 7:11 2 S 21:12 ; sf. ְגּנַבוּ ָך2 S 19:42 ; Impf. יְִגּנֹֽב־Ex 21:37 , יִגְנוֹבPr
6:30 , וַיִּגְנֹבGn 31:20 ; 3 fs. תּגְנֹב ִ ַ וGn 31:19 + 2 times; 2 ms. ִתּגְנֹבEx 20:15
Dt 5:17 , תּגְנֹב ִ ַ וGn 31:26 , 27 ; יְִגנְבוּOb 5 , ְנֹבוּ ֑ ִתּגLv 19:11 , נִגְנֹבGn 44:8 ; Inf.
abs. גָּנֹבEx 22:11 + 2 times; Pt. גֹּנֵבEx 21:16 + 2 times, גָּנוּבGn 30:33 ; f. cstr.
ְגּנֻֽ ְבתִיGn 31:39 ( ×2 ) ; pl. גְּנוּבִיםPr 9:17 ; in Hexateuch always JED, except Lv
19:11 ( H );— steal c. acc. rei Gn 31:19 , 30 , 32 ; 44:8 Ex 21:37 2 S 21:12 cf.
pass. Gn 30:33 ; 31:39 Pr 9:17 ; c. obj. pers. Ex 21:16 Dt 24:7 2 S 19:42 ; =
take by stealth (for good purpose) 2 K 11:2 = 2 Ch 22:11 ; abs. Ex 20:15 = Dt
5:17 , Lv 19:11 Jos 7:11 Pr 6:30 ; 30:9 Ob 5 Zc 5:3 , cf. inf. abs. Ho 4:2 Je
7:9 & ( c. Niph.) Ex 22:11 ; ֵב = גנב לdeceive Gn 31:20 , 26 cf. Di ; ג׳ אֹתִיGn
31:27 id. ; of sudden sweeping off by storm, in simile Jb 21:18 ; fig. of destruction of
wicked 27:20 . Niph. be stolen , subj. rei גָּנֹב יִגָּנֵבEx 22:11 . Pi. steal away ( trans. )
וַיְַגנֵּב אבשׁלום את־לֵב2 S 15:6 ; ְמַגנְּבֵי ְדּ ָברַיJe 23:30 . Pu. be stolen away subj. pers.
גֻּנֹּב ֻגּנַּ ְבתִּיGn 40:15 ; subj. rei וְֻגנַּבconsec. Ex 22:6 ; be brought by stealth Jb 4:12
יְֻג ֑נָּב. Hithp. go by stealth, steal away יִ ְתַגּנֵּב2 S 19:4 , וַיִּ ְתַגּנֵּב2 S 19:4 . (Syriac steal
oneself away; so Gn 31:27 .)
† ְגּנֵבָה S 1591
TWOT 364a
GK 1706
n. f. thing stolen ( on format. cf. Ba
NB 161,
166
) — ְגּנֵבָה Ex 22:3 (an animal); ָתוֹ
ִבְּגנֵבEx 22:2 , בְּ׳pret. cf. Di .
† ַגּנָּב S 1590
TWOT 364b
GK 1705
n. m. Ex 22:1 thief — ַגּנָּבEx 22:1 + 12
times; ִים ַגּנָּבIs 1:23 + 3 times— thief that breaks in Ex 22:1 , 6 , 7 (JE); by
window Jo 2:9 (in simile); thief as one who steals Is 1:23 ψ 50:18 Pr 6:20 ; 29:24
Je 2:26 ; 48:27 Ho 7:1 ( || ) גְּדוּדZc 5:4 ; coming by night Je 49:9 cf. Jb 24:14
(in simile), Ob 5 ( || ָה
ַליְל ;) שׁוֹ ֲדדֵי Jb 30:5 ; stealer of men (slave-dealer) Dt 24:7 .
† ְגּנֻבַת S 1592
GK 1707
n.pr. m. ( cf. Palm. גנבאVog No. 137
) son of Hadad
the Edomite 1 K 11:20 ( ×2 )
(on the ת, cf. Dr § 181 N ).
גנזTWOT 365
( cover up, hide , cf. NH hide , Arabic cover up , Aramaic ְגּנַזIthpa,
Ethiopic be hidden , Ethiopic enwrap ) .
† [ ָזִים
ְגּנS 1595
TWOT 365a
GK 1709
] n. [ m. ] pl. 1. chests (?); 2. treasury —
only pl. cstr. —; ִגּנְזֵי1. perhaps chests of variegated cloth ז׳ בְּרֹמִים Ez 27:24 so
Thes AV RV ; Sm Co al. cloths, carpets , Ew Taschen . 2. treasury ( NH ֶגּנֶז
, Aramaic ִגּנְזָא, ְגּנִיז, Biblical Aramaic cstr. pl. ; ִגּנְזֵיPers. loan-word from
treasure ? cf. Vullers ii. 1032
Lag Ges Abh. 27
) ; ִגּנְזֵי ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךEst 3:9 ; 4:7 .
†[ך
ְ ַ ַגּנְזS 1597
TWOT 366
GK 1711
] n. [ m. ] treasury ( NH גנזכהtreasure;
loan-wd. from or through Pers. cf. supr. & Lag Ges Abh. 28
) , וְַגנְזַכָּיו1 Ch 28:11 .
τω̂ν ζακχὼ αὐτου̂ ; but L τω̂ν ἀποθηκω̂ν αὐτου̂ .
†[ ָגּנַןS 1598
TWOT 367
GK 1713
] vb. cover, surround, defend ( Arabic , Aramaic
( אַגֵּןAph.), Palm. אגןVog Palm. 132 ff. ) — Qal Pf. וְגַנּוֹתִיIs 37:35 + 3 times; Inf.
abs. גָּנוֹןIs 31:5 ( c. Hiph. q.v. )— defend , subj. always ; י׳obj. the city Jerusalem c.
עלIs 37:35 ; 38:6 = 2 K 20:6 ; 2 K 19:34 c. הוֹשׁי ַע || ( אֶל־ ִ ). Hiph. Impf. —or
Qal according to Ba
ZMG 1889, 178
, who comp. Arabic — יָגֵןIs 31:5 + 2 times—
defend ( = Qal), Jerusalem Is 31:5 יגן … גַּנוֹןc. ִיל || ( על ;) ִהצּobj. Yahweh’s people
Zc 9:15 c. על, 12:8 c. ַד ְבּע.
† גַּן S 1588
TWOT 367a
GK 1703
n. m. Ct 4:12 & ( Gn 2:15 ) f. enclosure,
garden ( NH id. , ַגּנָּה, Arabic , Ethiopic Assyrian gannu or gannatu word of unc.
meaning; Aramaic ִגּנָּא, ָא
ִגּנְתּ, ; Ph.
] צ [ פר אגנן אם צץCIS i, 165, 11 & p. 232 f. birds
of enclosure (domestic fowls) or of wing ) — abs. גַּןGn 2:8 + 3 times; cstr. id.
Gn 2:15 + 19 times; c. art. הגָּן
ַ Gn 2:9 + 9 times, but ַכּגַּןLa 2:6 ; sf. ַגּנִּי Ct 4:16
; 5:1 , גַּנּוֹCt 4:16 ; 6:2 ; Pl. ַגּנִּים Ct 4:15 + 2 times— garden as enclosure La 2:6
(simile); בַּגּנִּים
ַ ַיּוֹשׁבֶת
ֶ ה Ct 8:13 ; cf. Ct 4:12 ( fig. of bride נָעוּל ;) גַּןg. of herbs
( ָק
) יָרDt 11:10 1 K 21:2 ; fig. of bride, g. of plants, fruits, and spices Ct 4:16 ( ×2
)
; 5:1 ; 6:2 ַמ ְעיַן גניםCt 4:15 ; g. of ( king’s ) house 2 K 21:18 =
( ×2 )
cf.
גַּן־ ֻעזָּא2 K 21:18 , 26 ; גַּן ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך2 K 25:4 Je 39:4 ; 52:7 Ne 3:15 , cf. בֵּית ַהגָּן
2 K 9:27 (at Jezreel? but this perhaps n.pr.loc. v. sub ביתp. 111 ); most often of
garden (orchard?) in Eden ( Hex only Gn & only J ) Gn 2:8 , 9 , 10 , 16 ; 3:1 , 2 ,
3 , 8 ( ×2 ) , 10 , called עדֶן
ֵ גַּן־Gn 2:15 ; 3:23 , 24 Ez 36:35 Jo 2:3 , cf. גן־י׳
Gn 13:10 Is 51:3 (both in simile); גן־אלהיםEz 28:13 ( גן־אל׳ ) ֵעדֶּן, 31:8 ( ×2 )
,
9 ( || עדֶן
ֵ ); in last three the trees of the garden are comp. with Assyrian under fig.
of cedar of Lebanon.
† גִּינַ֑ת S 1527
GK 1640
n.pr. m. father of Tibni 1 K 16:21 , 22 .
† ִגּנְּתוֹי S 1599
GK 1714
Ne 12:4 = following.
† ָמגֵן S 4043
TWOT 367c
GK 4482 , 4483
n. m. 1 K 14:27 , & f. 1 K 10:17 , shield
( Arabic , Aramaic ְמִגנָּא, ) — ָמגֵןGn 15:1 + 33 times (also cstr. Dt 33:29 Na
2:4 ); sf. מִגנִּי
ָ ψ 7:11 + 5 times; ָמִגנֵּנוּψ 33:20 + 3 times; ָמִגנָּםψ 115:9 , 10 , 11
; pl. מִגנִּים
ָ 1 K 10:17 + 6 times; ָמגִנּוֹת2 Ch 23:9 ; cstr. ָמִגנֵּי1 K 14:26 + 4
times; sf. מִגנָּיוָ Jb 15:26 ; ָמִגנֶּי ָהHo 4:18 ;— shield, buckler , carried by warrior
( ×2 )
for defence Ju 5:8 2 S 1:21 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33 , 1 Ch 5:18 ; 14:7 ; 17:17
; 23:9 ; 26:14 ; 32:5 Ne 4:10 ψ 76:4 Je 46:3 , 9 Ez 23:24 ; 38:4 , 5 ; 39:9 Na
2:4 Is 22:6 cf. 21:5 (anoint the shield, to make it slippery), so also ψ 35:2 (where
י׳fig. as warrior); = אִישׁ ָמגֵןarmed man Pr 6:11 ; 24:34 ; laid up for show, or as
treasure 1 K 10:17 ( ×2 ) ; 14:26 , 27 ( = 2 Ch 9:16 ( ×2 ) ; 12:9 , 10 ) 2 Ch 32:27
cf. Ct 4:4 Ez 27:10 ; of scales of crocodile (leviathan) ֵי
ָמִגנִּים ֲאפִיקJb 41:7 ; fig.
of wicked’s defence against judgments of י׳, מִגנָּיוָ ֲעבִי גַבֵּיJb 15:26 ; fig. of king
ψ 89:19 ( cf. Che ); fig. of rulers of Ephraim Ho 4:18 ; fig. of rulers of earth ψ
47:10 ; fig. (very often) of י׳, as defence of his servants, ψ 3:4 ; 7:11 (read מִגנִּי ָ
ָעלַי אל׳ cf. Che crit. note) 18:3 , 31 , 36 ( = 2 S 22:3 , 31 , 36 ) 28:7 ; 33:20
; 59:12 ; 84:10 , 12 ; 115:9 , 10 , 11 ; 119:114 ; 144:2 Pr 2:7 ; 30:5 , and v.
especially Gn 15:1 ( E ).
† [ ָה
ְמִגנּS 4044 TWOT 367d GK 4485 ] n. f. covering , ְמגִנַּת־לֵבLa 3:65
covering of heart , i.e. a hard shell about the heart = obstinacy , so Ges ( cf. Qor
6:25 ) RV ; or, covering of the understanding, blindness of heart , so Ew Ke Näg
Che .
† [ ַן
ָמגS 4042
TWOT 367e
GK 4481
] vb. only Pi. deliver up, deliver ( denom.
from מגֵן
ָ ; on connex. of meanings cf. — ) ָסגַרPf. ִמגֵּן Gn 14:20 ; Impf. 3 fs.
sf. ְתּ ַמְגּנֶ֑ ָךּ Pr 4:9 ֲא ַמֶגּנְ ָך Ho 11:8 ;— deliver up to adversary Gn 14:20 Ho 11:8 +
Is 64:6 S Ew Che al. מְגּנֵנוּ ַ וַ ְתּfor MT ; וַתְּמוּגֵנוּalso deliver, give ,
c. acc. & sf. of indirect obj. Pr 4:9 .
† גָּעָהS 1600
TWOT 368
GK 1716
vb. low (of cattle) ( NH id. , Aramaic ָא
גְּע, )
— ֶה־שׁוֹר
יִגְעJb 6:5 ; הָלֹ ְך וְגָעוֹ1 S 6:12 .
† [ ָה
גֹּעS 1601
GK 1717
גֹּ ָע֑תJe 31:39 ;—site
] n.pr.loc. close to Jerusalem ָה
unknown.
† [ ַל
גָּעS 1602
TWOT 369
GK 1718
] vb. abhor, loathe ( NH
געלNithpa. be
fouled , Hiph. rinse out with hot water; ָה גְּעִילrejection; Aramaic געלIthpe. be
fouled, soiled ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. ָה גָּֽ ֲעלLv 26:43 Je 14:19 , וְגָֽ ֲעלָהcons. Lv
26:30 ; ִים גְּ ַע ְלתּLv 26:44 ; גָּֽעֲלוּEz 16:45 ; Impf. 3 fs. ִתּגְעַלLv 26:11 , 15 ;
Pt. f. ֶת גֹּ ֶע֫לEz 16:45 ;— abhor, loathe , (usually c. acc. ), Yahweh, his people
Lv 26:11 , 30 , 44 ( H ) Je 14:19 ( c. בּ ְ ); the people, Yahweh’s statutes, Lv 26:15
Näg C. W. E. Nägelsbach .
( ×2 )
, 43 ( H ); Ez 16:45 women their husbands ( fig. , in proph. ag. Jerusalem).
Niph. ִים
גִּבּוֹר נִגְעַל ָמגֵן 2 S 1:21 the shield of heroes was defiled RVm VB Kirkp
but < is rejected, cast away ( with loathing ) Dr , cf. Klo ; προσωχθίσθη .
Hiph. Impf. וְלֹא יַגְ ִע֑ל שׁוֹרוֹ ִעבַּר
Jb 21:10 ; and doth not cause , or allow , (the
cow) to reject as loathesome Ra De , cf. Di 1 ; Di 2 , however, of bull, cast away
(semen), or shew aversion .
† ֫
גֹּעַל S 1604
TWOT 369a
GK 1719
n. m. loathing , ך
ְ ְשׁ
ֵ נַפ בְּגֹעַל Ez 16:5 .
† ֫גַּעַל S 1603
GK 1720
n.pr. m. appar. a Canaanite, son of ֶד
( ֶעבbut cf. VB ) Ju
9:26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 41 .
גָּעַרS 1605
TWOT 370
GK 1721
vb. rebuke ( Aramaic ַר
גְּע, id. , Ethiopic cry out ,
Sab. יגערn.pr. , SabDenkm p. 29.30 ) — Qal Is 17:13 ; גָּ ַע ְר ָתּψ 9:6 + 2 times, etc.;
Impf. ַר יִגְּעZc 3:2 + 3 times, ִתּגְעֲרוּRu 2:16 ; Imv. גְּעַרψ 68:31 , Inf. ִמגְּעָר־Is
54:9 ; Pt. ֵר גּוֹעNa 1:4 , גֹּעֵרMal 2:3 ;— c. ְבּexcept ψ 9:6 ; 68:31 ; 119:21 Mal
2:3 where acc. ;— 1. rebuke , father his son Gn 37:10 ( E ), reapers Ruth Ru 2:16 ,
priest Jeremiah Je 29:27 . 2. of God rebuking nations ψ 9:6 Is 17:13 , proud ψ 119:21 ,
Satan Zc 3:2 ( ×2 ) , חית קנהψ 68:31 , ֵל
( בָּאֹכthe devouring swarm of locusts,
restraining them) Mal 3:11 , the sea drying it up ψ 106:9 Na 1:4 , Zion Is 54:9 ; ַע
ַהזֶּר
the seed (prevent the usual harvest) Mal 2:3 ( Aq B ַהזְּרֹ ַע, the arm , viz., of
priests, that they may not extend it to bless).
†[ גָּעַשׁS 1607
TWOT 371
GK 1723
] vb. shake, quake ( NH id. ) — Qal Impf.
וַ ִתּגְעַשׁ ψ 18:8a = 2 S 22:8a Kt ( Qr Hithp.);— quake of earth at theoph , ψ 18:8
= 2 S 22:8 (read Kt ; || ) רעשׁ. Pu. Impf. be shaken up, convulsed ָם
יְגֹעֲשׁוּ־עJb 34:2
a people are convulsed . Hithp. shake back and forth, toss or reel to and fro ַשׁ
וַיִּ ְתגָּעQr
2 S 22:8a ( < Kt Qal ); ֲשׁוּ
יִ ְתגָּֽעJe 46:7 , וַיִּ ְתגָּֽעֲשׁוּψ 18:8b + 2 times;—of
mountains ψ 18:8b = 2 S 22:8b ; of waves of sea, Je 5:22 ; of waters of Nile Je 46:7
( cf. v 8 ). Hithpo. Pf. ֲשׁוּ וְ ִהתְגֹּעconsec. Je 25:16 ; Impf. יִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּJe 46:8 ; id. of
waters of Nile Je 46:8 ; of drunken men, reel to and fro , Je 25:16 ( fig. of nations
confounded by ) י׳.
֫גַּעS
† [ ַשׁ 1608
GK 1724
הַר־גָּ֑עַשׁJos 24:30 Ju 2:9 mt. in Ephraim, S.
] n.pr.loc.
ִתּ ְמנַת־ ֶסרַח ) ֶחרq.v. ; נַ ֲחלֵי גָּ֑עַשׁ2 S 23:30 = 1 Ch 11:32 of ravines
of ( ֶס
thereon, or near by.
גפןTWOT 372
( √ of following; meaning? ) .
† ֫גֶּפֶן S 1612
TWOT 372a
GK 1728
n. f. Ju 9:13 + ( m. only Ho 10:1 , perhaps
infl. of ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ י, 2 K 4:39 ) vine ( NH id. , Arabic (Yemen), Assyrian gapnu , cf.
Zehnpfund BAS i. 633
; Aramaic ַן
גּוֹפ, גֶּפֶן, , pl. ) — ג׳ Gn 40:9 + 38 times (also
֑גָּפJu 9:12 + 2 times; sf.
cstr. , as Nu 6:4 Dt 32:32 Is 16:8 , 9 ), ֶן גַּ ֶפנִי Jo 1:7 ,
גַּ ְפנְ ָךJe 5:17 , גַּפְנוֹ1 K 5:5 + 3 times, גַּ ְפנָהּHo 2:14 , גַּ ְפנָםDt 32:32 + 2 times;
pl. פנִים ָ ְ גּCt 2:13 Hb 3:17 — vine (always grape-bearing except 2 K 4:39 ) Gn
40:9 , 10 (in dream) 49:11 Nu 20:5 Dt 8:8 Ju 9:12 , 13 (in allegory) 1 K 5:5 2
K 18:31 = Is 36:16 , ψ 78:47 ; 105:33 Ct 2:13 ; 6:11 ; 7:13 Is 7:23 ; 24:7 ;
32:12 Je 5:17 ; 8:13 Ho 2:14 Jo 1:7 , 12 ; 2:22 Mi 4:4 Hb 3:17 Hg 2:19 Zc
2:10 ; 8:12 Mal 3:11 ; שׂדֶה
ָ גֶּפֶןa vine bearing poisonous gourds 2 K 4:39 ; גֶּפֶן
Nu 6:4 ( cf. Gn 40:10 Ju 9:13 ) Ju 13:14 ; ֶן
ַהיַּיִן ֶשׁכְּלוֹת ַהגֶּפ
ְ אCt 7:9 ; עֵץ ַהגֶּפֶן
Ez 15:2 , 6 ; in simile of stars fading away at Yahweh’s judgment Is 34:4 ; in simile
of wicked losing early promise Jb 15:33 ; in simile of wife ψ 128:3 ; fig. of Israel
ψ 80:9 , 15 Ez 17:6 ( ×2 ) , 7 , 8 Ho 10:1 cf. Ez 19:10 , Je 2:21 ; 6:9 ; also Ho
14:8 ; fig. of Israel as easily destroyed Ez 15:2 , 6 ; fig. of godless enemies of
Israel Dt 32:32 cf. Di ; ָה גֶּפֶן ִשׂ ְבמfig. for prosperity of Moab Is 16:8 , 9 Je
48:32 .—On the vine in Syria cf. Anderlind ZPV 1888, 160 ff.
גפףTWOT 373
( √ of foll.; cf. Syriac in deriv., curved, convex; also Arabic both
hilly country and depression , Frey . )
† [ ַף
גּS 1610 , 1611
TWOT 2660 , 373a
GK 1726
] n. m. body, self, height, elevation (
cf. NH — ) גּוּףsg. sf. גַּפּוֹEx 21:3 , 4 ; pl. cstr. ֵי
( ×2 )
גַּפּPr 9:3 ;— 1. body,
self , only in phr. בּגַפּוֹ יָבֹא ְ ( ) יֵצֵאhe shall come in ( go out ) by himself (with his
body) Ex 21:3 ( ×2 )
, 4 ; in law of slave ( cf. Di ) 2. hight, elevation ֵי עַל־גַּפֵּי מְרֹמ
ָ ֑קרֶתPr 9:3 .
† ֫
גֹּפֶר S 1613
TWOT 374
GK 1729
n. [ m. ] gopher , only in ֶר
ֲעצֵי־גֹּפGn 6:14
( P ), wood of which the ark was made ( word dub. ; Thes comp. ֶר & כֹּפso Rob
Ges (hence ‘ pitch-wood , resinous wood’), cf. Di ; Lag Semitica i. 64; Symmict. ii. 93, BN
217 ff.
thinks word not original, but inferred from גפרית, and substituted here for
גפריתby copyist, or editor. Cf. following ) .
גֵּר S 1616
TWOT 330a
GK 1731
v. sub I. גור.
גִּר S 1615
TWOT 347a
GK 1732
v. sub גיר.
† ָא ֵגּרS 1617 GK 1733 n.pr. m. ( Ph. ) גראson of Benjamin Gn 46:21 (lacking
Nu 26:38–40 ); son of Bela ‛ , & grandson of Benj., according to 1 Ch 8:3 , 5 cf. v
7 ; designation of a Benjamite family or clan; hence Ehud called ָא
בֶּן־ֵגּרJu 3:15 ,
& so Shimei, 2 S 16:5 ; 19:17 , 19 1 K 2:8 .
גרבTWOT 376
( √ of foll.; Arabic , Aramaic ( have the scab etc.), are appar. denom.
)
† ָגּרָב S 1618
TWOT 376a
GK 1734
n. [ m. ] itch, scab ( Arabic , Aramaic ָא
גַּ ְרבּ,
, Assyrian garabu Dl § 162
) — ָגּרָב Lv 21:20 ; 22:22 Dt 28:27 .
† ָגּרֵב S 1619
GK 1735 , 1736
1. n.pr. m. ( cf. Palm. n.pr.m. גריבאVog ) one
141
† ָשׁי
ִ ִגּ ְרגּS 1622 GK 1739 adj. gent. only הַגּ׳as n.pr. coll. ; ‘begotten’ by Canaan
Gn 10:16 = 1 Ch 1:14 ; in list of Canaanitish peoples displaced by Isr.; territ.
unknown; Gn 15:21 Dt 7:1 Jos 3:10 ; 24:11 Ne 9:8 ; cf. Gn 10:16 1 Ch 1:14
supr. ( Hex only JED).
†[ ָגּרַדS 1623
TWOT 377
GK 1740
] vb. scrape, scratch ( NH id. , Aramaic ַד
ְגּר,
& Ph. מגרדםflesh-scrapers CIS 338. 4 ; cf. also Arabic peel or strip off bark, shave
hair from a hide etc. ) — Hithp. Inf. ֵד
ְל ִה ְתָגּרscrape one’s self Jb 2:8 .
†[ ָגּרָהS 1624
TWOT 378
GK 1741
] vb. only Pi. stir up strife, Hithp. engage in
strife ( cf. NH Pi. stir up, excite , against ( בּ ְ ) Hithp.; Aramaic Pa. ; ָגּרֵאespecially
Assyrian garû , Qal attack, be at war with , gârû, gîrû , enemy , etc. Asrb. Annals iv. 49, 50 (
KB ii. 190 ) also SASmith Asrb. i. ii. Gloss. ; Arabic is run , especially of water, flow , etc. ) —
Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְָגרֶה Pr 15:18 ; 28:25 ; 29:22 , all c. obj. מָדוֹןexcite, stir up, strife
.—On ָה
ֵגּרDt 14:8 v. I. ֵגּרָהsub גרר. Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. ִה ְתָגּרִיתJe 50:24 ; Impf. 3
ms. יִ ְתָגּרֶהDn 11:25 , וְיִ ְתָגּ ֶר֯וv 10 ; 2 ms. ִתּ ְתָגּרֶה2 K 14:10 2 Ch 25:19 ; juss.
apoc. תגָּר ְ ִתּDt 2:9 , 19 ; 3 mpl. יִ ְתגָּרוּPr 28:4 Dn 11:10 , cf. Dn 11:10 Kt ., v.
supr. ; 2 mpl. תגָּרוּ ְ ִתּDt 2:5 ( juss. ); Imv. ms. ִה ְתגָּרDt 2:24 ;— 1. excite oneself
against ( בּ ְ pers. ), engage in strife with, lit. Dt 2:5 , 19 , Je 50:24 , 2 K 14:10 = 2 Ch
25:19 ( sq. ָה רעה —; ְבּ ָרעpersonif. as challenged opponent); also + acc. of manner,
ִמ ְל ָחמָהDt 2:9 , 24 ; fig. בָם וְשֹׁ ְמרֵי תוֹרָה יִ ְתגָּרוּPr 28:4 while they that keep the
law are at strife with them , i.e. with those that forsake it. 2. abs. , excite oneself (against
foe), wage war , only Dn 11 ; ִים יִ ְתגָּרוּ וְ ֽאָסְפוּ הֲמוֹן ֲחיָלִים ַרבּv 10 they shall wage
war , etc.; ֻזֹּה
עַד־ ָמע וְיָשֹׁב וְיִ ְתָגּ ֶר֯וv 10 and he shall return and war, even to his
stronghold; v 25 sq. ָה ַל ִמּ ְל ָחמ+ ( ְבּ ַחיִל גָּדוֹלinstr.)
† גָּרוֹן S 1627
TWOT 378a
GK 1744
n. m. ψ 69:4 neck, throat ( connexion with
above √ dub. ; Thes Rob-Ges. ( cf. MV ) from גרהin (assumed) sense of גררof
a dragging, scraping sound; cf. ; ְמגֵרָהyet √ perhaps גרןq.v. ; Arabic (sub Frey
& Lane ) front part of neck of camel, etc. ) — ג׳Is 3:16 ; 58:1 ; sf. גְּרוֹנִיψ 69:4 ;
גְּרוֹנֵ ְךEz 16:11 + Je 2:25 Qr ( Kt גְּרוֹנָם ;) גורנךψ 115:7 ; 149:6 , גְּרֹנָםψ
5:10 ;— throat; 1. of the visible exterior (front) of throat, neck ֻווֹת ג׳ ֯ נְטIs 3:16
outstretched of neck ( = with outstretched neck); ך ְ ֵ וְ ָרבִיד עַל־גְּרוֹנEz 41:19 and a
chain upon thy neck . 2. throat , as capable of thirst Je 2:25 ; as organ of speech ָא ְקר
ְבגָרוֹןIs 58:1 ( || ) קוֹ ֶל֑ ָך ָהרֵם, לֹא יֶהְגּוּ בִּג׳ψ 115:7 ; also רוֹמֲמוֹת אֵל ִבּגְרוֹנָםψ
149:6 high songs to God ( be ) in their throat; cf. ַר גְּרוֹנִי נִחψ 69:4 my throat is
parched ( || ִי ;) ְב ָק ְראִי יָגַ ְעתּso also ֶקבֶר־פָּתוּ ַח גְּרֹנָםψ 5:10 their throat is an
opened sepulchre .
† [ ָה
ִתְּגרS 8409
TWOT 378b
GK 9327
] n. f. contention, strife, hostility ( cf.
Aramaic ָא
ִתּגְר, often ; v. Thes ; ָה
ִתְּגרNHWB & Fl in ChWB ii. 581
)—
only cstr. sg. יָֽ ְד ָך ִמ ִתְּגרַת ψ 39:11 from (i.e. through ) the hostility of thy hand I
am consumed .
†[ ָגּרַזS 1629
TWOT 379
GK 1746
] vb. cut, cut off ( Arabic cut, cut off,
exterminate ) — Niph. Pf. נְִג ַרזְתִּי ψ 31:23 = destroyed out of Yahweh’s sight.
† ְגּ ִרזִּים n.pr.loc. mt. in N. Israel, S. of Sichem (Nabulus), opp. Ebal ( ָל
) עֵיב,
which was on N.; only ַר ג׳ הDt 11:29 ; 27:12 Jos 8:83 Ju 9:7 ; mod. Jebel eṭ-Ṭôr
Rob BR ii. 274 ff. Bd Pal. 220, 222 .
גרטלTWOT 380
( possibly quadrilit. √ , whence foll. c. אprosthet. Cf. however
infr. )
† [ ָל
ֲאַג ְרטS 105
TWOT 380a
GK 113
] n. m. a kind of vessel, basin or basket (?;
others basket-like, basket-shaped vessel); only pl. cstr. ֲאַג ְר ְטלֵי זָהָב, & א׳ ֶכסֶף,
both Ezr 1:9 , denoting vessels from temple at Jerus. restored by Cyrus. ( Etym. &
meaning dub. cf. supr. ; A L Codd. ψυκτη̂ρες , wine-coolers; B om.;
now commonly compared with Aramaic ָא
ַק ְר ָטלִיתLevy NHWB iv. 376
, , Arabic ,
supposed to be loan-word from Hellenist. Gk. κάρταλος, κάρταλλος (e.g. 2K
10:7 , Heb. ) דּוּדִים, all = basket, fruit-basket , etc., canistrum (so MV BeRy SS
); but κάρταλλος itself is possibly a Pers. or Shemit. loan-word; cf. especially Frä
77 f.
; further conject. in Thes BeRy . )
גרלTWOT 381
(
cf. Arabic , pl. stones , or stony place planted with trees; stony;
stony ground, stones; hence foll., because stones were used in casting lots; cf. Gk.
Ψη̂φος pebble, vote; κν́αμος bean, lot ) .
† ֫גֶּרֶם S 1634
TWOT 382a
GK 1752
n. [ m. ] bone, strength, self (?) ( Arabic
† II. [ ַם
ָגּרS 1633
TWOT 382 , 382b
GK 1750 , 1751
] vb. denom. break bones, break
— Pi. Impf. ֵם וְ ַעצְמֹתֵיהֶם יְָגרNu 24:8 (JE); but also ְתּגָ֖ ֵרמִי ָשׂי ָה
ֶ וְאֶת־ ֲחר Ez
23:34 (yet on text v. Co .)
גרןTWOT 383
( √ of foll.;?
cf. Arabic , become accustomed, worn smooth (of skin,
garment, etc.); also grind grain vehemently; vid. further what one has ground , of grain;
& place in which dates are dried = ) .
† ֫
גֹּרֶן S 1637
TWOT 383a
GK 1755
n. m. threshing-floor ( cf. further vulg.Ar.
stone basin, trough, mortar , etc. Dozy Lane , v. Moḥiṭ 243 b, 7 ) — ֶן
גֹּרGn 50:10
+ 27 times ( cstr. e.g. Gn 50:10 , 11 2 S 6:6 ); ׃ גֹּֽ ְרנָֽהMi 4:12 ; sf. ָגּ ְרנִיIs
21:10 ; ך
ָ ְ ָגּ ְרנDt 15:14 ; 16:13 ; pl. ַהְגּרָנוֹת1 S 23:1 , ַהֳגּרָנוֹתJo 2:24 ; cstr.
ָגּרְנוֹת Ho 9:1 — threshing-floor , (on form. v. Rob BR i. 550
cf. Fl NHWB i. 437
ָגּרַס S 1638
TWOT 387
GK 1756
vb. v. sub גרשׂ.
† [ ָה
ִמְג ָרעS 4052
TWOT 384a
GK 4492
] n. f. recess, rebatement ( RV ), i.e.
ledge , only pl. , לבית נָתַן ִמגְרָעוֹת 1 K 6:6 .
†[ ָגּרַףS 1640
TWOT 385
GK 1759
] vb. sweep away ( orig. shovel or scoop up,
away , cf. NH id. , Arabic ; Aramaic ַף
ְגּר, Ethiopic in deriv. ) — Qal pf. 3 ms. sf.
) נַחַל קִישׁוֹן ( ְגּ ָרפָם Ju 5:21 .
† ֶאגְרֹף S 106
TWOT 385a
GK 114
n. [ m. ] fist ( πνγμή , so B ; but
club, staff (?), & so SS , cf. especially Ex 21:18 ;— NH — ) ֶאגְרוֹף וִ ִהכָּה אִישׁ
אֶת־ ֵרעֵהוּ ְבּ ֶאבֶן אוֹ ְב ֶאגְרֹ֑ףEx 21:18 ; ( cstr. ) ְלהַכּוֹת ְבּ ֶאגְרֹף ֶר֑ ַשׁע Is 58:4 .
† [ ָה
ֶמְג ָרפS 4053
TWOT 385b
GK 4493
] n. f. shovel ( NH id. ; Aramaic
; ַמגְרוֹפִיתָאArabic ( v. Lane ) ) only pl. ֶמְגרְפֹתֵיהֶם Jo 1:17 ( Thes clods , after
Jewish interpreters, so AV RV , cf. however Me Joel 100 f. ; Me ארותיהם
their cribs , of cattle; meaning of clause dubious).
†[ ָגּרַרS 1641
TWOT 386
GK 1760
] vb. drag, drag away ( NH id. , Arabic ,
Aramaic ַר
ְגּר, ; Assyrian garâru , run , Zim BP 102
; etc. ) — Qal Impf. sf. יְגֹרֵהוּ
Hb 1:15 , ֵם
יְגוֹרPr 21:7 — drag away , fishes in net, fig. Hb 1:15 (Chaldeans, their
opponents); violence, the wicked Pr 21:7 . Niph. (read Qal ? Sam. יָגוֹר cf. Di ) Impf.
יִגָּ֑ר Lv 11:7 c. acc. cogn. ֵגּרָה לֹא־יִ ֑גָּר = (the) cud he cheweth not , cf. also Dt
14:8 Sam. ( Di ) Po‛al. Pt. (denom.; so NH Qal & Niph.) ָרוֹת
מְגֹר ַבּ ְמֵּגרָה 1K
7:9 sawn with the saw . Hithpo. ר֑ר
ֵ ִמתְגּוֹ ַסעַר Je 30:23 a (sweeping) roaring whirlwind
( || 23:19 has ֵל
) ִמתְחוֹל. On יִתְגּוֹרָרוּHo 7:14 , v. I. גור, גדד.
† I. ָה
ֵגּרS 1625 , 1626
TWOT 386a , 386b
GK 1742 , 1743
n. f. cud ( Arabic , so called
from sound of rumination? ) — ָה
גֵּרLv 11:3 + 10 times— cud , only in legislation
of clean and unclean animals, and almost always c. ( ֵ — י, ַ — ת, ֵה ) ָ — ה
ַמ ֲעל
Lv 11:3 , 4 ( ×2 )
, 5 , 6 , 26 ( P ) Dt 14:6 , 7 ( ×2 )
; ( ג׳ יִגָּ֑רcf. גררNiph.) Lv 11:7
; Dt 14:8 has ָה
ֵגּרwithout vb. , but read there as Lv 11:7 (so Sam. Di ).
† II. ֵגּרָה S 1625 , 1626
TWOT 386a , 386b
GK 1742 , 1743
n. f. a weight, 20th part of
shekel, gerah ( Assyrian girû , Zehnpfund BAS i. 506
) — ֵגּרָה Ex 30:13 + 4 times—
Only in definition of ֶל
ֶשׁק, c. num. ֶשׂרִים
ְע Ex 30:13 Lv 27:25 Nu 3:47 ; 18:16
Ez 45:12 .
† [ ַר
ַגּ ְרגּS 1620
TWOT 386c
GK 1737
] n. m. berry ( NH id. ) , אָ ִמ֑יר ַגּ ְרְגּרִים
בְּרֹאשׁ Is 17:6 .
) — ַגּ ְרגְּרֹ ֶת֑י ָך ָ ַגּ ְרגְּרוֹתֶיPr 3:3 , ַגּ ְרגְּרֹ ֶ ֑ת ָך6:21 —always in fig. ,
Pr 1:9 ; 3:22 , ך
instruction of parents an ornament, a chain upon neck Pr 1:9 , bind them upon thy
neck 6:21 ; so of mercy & truth 3:3 , cf. v 22 .
† ְמֵגרָה S 4050
TWOT 386e
GK 4490
n. f. saw ( NH id. , perhaps from its harsh
dragging sound ) — ָה
ְמגֵר2 S 12:31 a + 2 times; pl. ְמגֵרוֹת1 Ch 20:3 ( <
ַמגְזְרוֹת 2 S 12:31 b)— saw , used in cutting stone ָה
מְגֹרָרוֹת ַבּ ְמֵּגר1 K 7:9 ; used
in torture (or as tools for enforced labour) of captives 2 S 12:31 a 1 Ch 20:3a .
† ָר ְגּרS 1642 GK 1761 n.pr.loc. south of Gaza, usually identif. with mod. Umm
Jerâr Bd Pal. 159 Guérin Judée ii. 257 ff. ; but Wady Jerūr W. of ‛Ain Ḳadīs according to
Trumbull Kadesh Barnea 61 ff. cf. Guthe ZPV viii. 1885, 215 ; Gn 20:2 ; 26:6 , 20 , 26 2 Ch
ְגּ ָר֫רGn 10:19 ; 26:1 ; ֫נַחַל ְגּרָרGn 26:17 ; וַיָּגָר ִבְּגרָרGn 20:1 .
14:12 , 13 ; ָה
( גרשׂArabic bray, pound, grind coarse , Aramaic ( ְגּרַסrare) chush , crushed , crush,
destroy; cf. following ) .
†[ ָגּרַסS 1638
TWOT 387
GK 1756
] vb. be crushed ( Aramaic [ be crushed ,]
perish ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. גָּֽ ְרסָה ψ 119:20 fig. ְשׁי ְל
ִ ג׳ נַפmy soul is crushed (i.e.
perisheth: cf. Syriac) with longing for ( cf. ) ָכּלָה ְל. Hiph. Impf. וַיְַּגּרֵס ֶבּ ָחצָץ ִשׁנָּ֑י La
3:16 and he hath crushed my teeth with gravel , fig. of divine chastisement.
† ֫גֶּרֶשׂ S 1643
TWOT 387a
GK 1762
n. [ m. ] a crushing , but only concrete of
that which is crushed, groats, grits ( cf. Arabic , NH ְגּרִיס, Aramaic (rare) ְשׂא
ָ ִגּר,
גְּרוּ ְסיָא, ) — אָבִיב קָלוּי ָבּאֵשׁ ֶגּרֶשׂ ַכּ ְרמֶלLv 2:14 young ears parched with fire,
groats (&) fresh fruit ( v. Sifra ad loc.); ( מנָהְּ ִשּׁ
ַ ְשׂה ) וּמ
ָ ִמִגּרLv 2:16 .
†[ ָגּרַשׁS 1644
TWOT 388
GK 1763 , 1764
] vb. drive out, cast out ( NH id. ,
Aramaic ַשׁ
ְגּרPa. Ithp. of divorce, MI 19
— ) ויגרשהQal Impf. וַיְִּגרְשׁוּIs 57:20 ;
Inf. sf. ָשׁהּ ָ ִמגְרEz 36:5 infr. ; Pt. act. גֹּרֵשׁEx 34:11 ; pass. f. ְרוּשׁה ָ גּLv 21:7
+ 4 times;— cast out, thrust out , י׳, the Amorites Ex 34:11 (JE; c. פּנֵי ְ ;) ִמwaters,
mire and dirt ֶשׁ וָטִיט ֶרפIs 57:20 ; pass. only of divorced woman Lv 21:7 ( sq.
ִישׁהּ
ָ ; ֵמאelsewhere with אַ ְל ָמנָהwidow ), v 14 22:13 (all H ), Nu 30:10 ( P ) Ez
44:22 . On ָשׁהּ ָ ִמְגרEz 36:5 as Aramaic Inf. cf. Ges § 45 e Kö f. 166 ; Co del. , on
intern. grounds, cf. . Niph. Pf. רשׁ ֑ ָ נְִגIs 27:20 ; 3 fs. ְשׁה ָ וְנְִגרconsec. Am. 8:8 ;
ַשׁתִּי
ְ נְִגרJon 2:5 ;— be driven away, sq. ִמנֶּגֶד עֵינֶי ָך, i.e. from the presence of Yahweh
Jon 2:5 ; be driven, tossed , as the Nile Am 8:8 ; of the sea Is 27:20 rel. cl., ֲשׁר ֶ אom.,
like the sea that is tossed . Pi. Pf. 3 fs. ְשׁה ָ וְֵגרconsec. Ex 23:28 ; ַשׁ ָתּ ְ ֵגּרGn 4:14 ,
sf. 3 mpl. ָמוֹ ַשׁתְּ וְֵגרconsec. Ex 23:31 ; ַשׁ ִ ֫תּי ְ וְֵגרEx 33:2 , sf. ַשׁתִּיהוּ ְ ֵגרEz 31:11
(so B , not ; cf. Co ’s conj. ); ִיו ַשׁתְּ וְֵגּרconsec. Nu 22:11 ; 3 pl. sf.
ֵגּרְשׁוּנִי1 S 26:19 Impf. יְָגרֵשׁEx 11:1 , וַיְגָ֫רֶשׁGn 3:24 + 6 times; sf. ֲשׁהוּ ֵ וַיְָגרψ
34:1 , ֲשׁם ֵ יֳגָֽרEx 6:1 ; 2 ms. ְתּגָרֵשׁψ 80:9 , וַ ְתּגָ֫רֶשׁJos 24:12 ; ֲאָגרֵשׁJu 2:3 ,
וָֽ ֲאָגרֵשׁJu 6:9 ; sf. 3 ms. ְשׁנּוּ ֶ ֲאגָֽרEx 23:29 , 30 Nu 22:6 ; ֲשׁם ֵ ֲאגָֽרHo 9:15 ;
וַיְגָֽרֲשׁוּJu 11:2 ; יְגָֽרֲשׁוּ ָהZp 2:4 , וַיְגָֽרֲשׁוּםEx 2:17 ; 2 mpl. ְתּגָֽרֲשׁוּןMi 2:9 ,
וַ ְתּגָֽרֲשׁוּנִיJu 11:7 ; Inf. cstr. ְלָגרֵשׁ1 Ch 17:21 + || 2 S 7:23 Gei We Dr , for
MT ֲשׁנוּ ; לארצך ֵ ְלגָֽר2 Ch 20:11 ; abs. id. Ex 11:1 ; Imv. ָגּרֵשׁGn 21:10 Pr 22:10
;— drive out, away , Hex all JE, incl. poem Dt 33 ; ( י׳subj.), Adam from garden Gn
3:24 cf. Cain Gn 4:14 ( sq. ִן מloc. , & so 21 times), David (men subj.) 1 S 26:19 , id.
(Abimelech subj.) ψ 34:1 (title), Hagar (Abr. subj.) Gn 21:10 cf. scorner, Pr 22:10
daughters of Reuel (subj. shepherds) Ex 2:17 ; Moses and Aaron from Pharaoh’s
presence ( indef. subj.) Ex 10:11 ; Gaal etc. (subj. Zebul) Ju 9:41 ( sq. ִן
מc. Inf. ),
Jephthah (Gil. subj.) Ju 11:2 , 7 ; Abiathar (subj. Sol.) 1 K 2:27 ( sq. מִן c. Inf. )
wicked from temple ( י׳subj.) Ho 9:15 ; women from houses (nobles subj.) Mi 2:9 ;
often of Canaanites (hornet subj.) Ex 23:28 Jos 24:12 cf. Ex 23:31 (Israel subj.); also
( י׳subj.; cf. MI 19 ) Ex 23:29 , 30 ; 33:2 Dt 33:27 Jos 24:18 Ju 2:3 ; 6:9 ψ 78:55
; 80:9 1 Ch 17:21 ; of Israel from Egypt (subj. Pharaoh) Ex 6:1 ; 11:1 ( ×2 ) ; from land
of Moab (subj. Balak) Nu 22:6 , 11 ; Judah from Canaan (subj. Moab & Ammon) 2 Ch
20:11 ; Egypt from her land ( י׳subj.) Ez 31:11 (but cf. text, supr. ); Ashdod ( indef.
subj.) Zp 2:4 . † Pu. Pf. גֹּרְשׁוּsubj. Israelites Ex 12:39 ; Impf. יְגֹ ָר֑שׁוּsubj.
despised and miserable outcasts Jb 30:5 both sq. מִן loc.
֫גֶּרS
† [ ֶשׁ 1645
TWOT 388a
GK 1765
] n. [ m. ] thing thrust or put forth, yield ;
cstr. ִים ֶגּרֶשׁ יְ ָרחDt 33:14 yield, produce of moons || ָשׁ֑מֶשׁ ; תְּבוּאֹתi.e. produce
in its seasons, cf. Di .
† [ ְרוּשׁה
ָ גּS 1646
TWOT 388b
GK 1766
] n. f. expulsion, violence . Only pl. sf.
ְגּרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם Ez 45:9 your acts of expulsion ( cf. Ew Da ; ‘Raubereien’ Sm Co ).
† ֵגּרְשֹׁם S 1647
GK 1768
n.pr. m. 1. son of Moses & Ṣipporah Ex 2:22 (expl. as
if from = ) גור18:3 ; ְשׁוֹם
גֵּר1 Ch 23:15 , 16 ; 26:24 ; so also ֵגּרְשֹׁםJu 18:30
MT ַשּׁה בֶּן־
ֶ ְמנcf. VB 2. a son of Levi ֵגּרְשֹׁם1 Ch 6:1 , 28 ; 15:7 ( cf. ֵגּרְשׁוֹן
); ְשׁוֹם ֵגּר1 Ch 6:2 , 5 , 47 , 56 . 3. a son of Phinehas Ezr 8:2 .
† ֵגּרְשׁוֹן S 1648
GK 1767
n.pr. m. son of Levi ( = גרשׁם 1 Ch 6:1 , 28 ; 15:7
גרשׁום 1 Ch 6:2 , 5 , 47 , 56 ) Gn 46:11 Ex 6:16 , 17 Nu 3:17 , 18 , 21 , 25 ;
4:22 , 38 , 41 ; 7:7 ; 10:17 ; 26:57 ; Jos 21:6 , 27 1 Ch 5:27 ; 23:6 (particularly
in expression sons of Gershon , i.e. family, descendants of Gershon Nu 3:25 ; 4:22 ,
38 , 41 ; 7:7 ; 10:17 Jos 21:6 , 27 ; cf. sons of Gershom 1 Ch 6:47 , 56 ; 15:7 ).
† ִי
ְשׁנּ
ֻ ֵגּרS 1649 GK 1769 adj. gent. c. art. as subst. collect. Nu 3:21 , 23 , 24 ;
4:24 , 27 , 28 ; 26:57 Jos 21:33 1 Ch 23:7 ; 26:21 2 Ch 29:12 ; c. art. as adj.
sing. m. 1 Ch 26:21 ; 29:8 .
ִמְגרָשׁ S 4054
TWOT 388c
GK 4494
n. m. Nu 35:2 common, common-land, open
land ( perhaps orig. pasture-land , as place of [cattle] driving ) — abs. ם׳ Ez 45:2
+ 2 times + Ez 48:15 ( Co מגרשׁהּ
ָ ); ִמְגרַשׁLv 25:34 2 Ch 31:19 ; (on
cstr.
ָשׁהּ ָ ִמְגרEz 36:5 cf. ;) גרשׁelsewhere pl. , abs. ִמגְרשׁוֹתEz 27:28 (Baer); Co
מרעשׁתassumed from ָרעַשׁ, cf. ; cstr. ְשׁיֵ ִמְגרNu 35:4 + 2 times; sf.
ָשׁי ָה
ֶ ִמְגרJos 21:13 ( ×2 ) + 42 times; ָשׁ ָה
ֶ ִמְגרJos 21:11 + 46 times in Jos 21
(generally – ֑ or – ֔ but also – ֖ v 21 ); ֶם ְשׁיה
ֵ ִמְגרNu 35:3 + 4 times; ְשׁיהֶן
ֵ ִמְגרNu
35:7 + 8 times— commonland , usually pl. , and usually as attached to a city or
town, especially as surrounding Levitical cities Nu 35:2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 Jos 14:4 ;
21:2 + 55 times Jos 21 (all P ; in Codd. & old Vrss . are two vv Jos 21 , betw. v
35 , 36 , with ם׳4 times; om. Mass , Edd., Baer, but cf. Theile, & Di ad loc.); 1
Ch 6:40 + 40 times 1 Ch 6 ; 13:2 2 Ch 11:14 ; so also ם׳ ְשׂדֵה Lv 25:34 ( P ),
ְשׂדֵי ם׳ 2 Ch 31:19 ; lands surrounding the holy city Ez 48:15 , 17 ; open land or
space about the temple Ez 45:2 ; only 1 Ch 5:16 ְשׁי ָשׁרוֹןֵ כל־ ִמְגרof (pasture-
)lands in a district, cf. שׁרון.— Ez 27:28 מגרשׁות, if true text, = open country
about Tyre ( opp. sea, cf. context), but v. Da & cf. supr.
NH id. , conn. wi. above √ dub. ) — abs. ג׳Gn 7:12 + ; ֑גָּ ֶשׁם1 K 18:41 + ;
cstr. ֶשׁם
ֶ גּJb 37:6 ( ×2 ) + ; pl. ְשׁמִים
ָ גּEzr 10:9 , 13 ; cstr. ִשׁמֵי
ְ גּEz 34:26 ; sf.
ִשׁמֵיכֶם
ְ גּLv 26:4 ; ִשׁמֵיהֶם ְ גּψ 105:32 ;— rain, shower
Gn 7:12 ; 8:2 (both J ) Lv
26:4 ( H ) Ho 6:3 Am 4:7 Je 5:24 ; 14:4 Is 44:14 ; 55:10 Ez 1:28 Jo 2:23 ( ||
מוֹרֶה, ;) ַמלְקוֹשׁ1 K 17:7 , 14 ; 18:45 ( ) גדול ג׳2 K 3:17 Pr 25:14 , 23 Ec
11:3 Ct 2:11 ψ 105:32 וּ ֵמהַגּ׳ Ezr 10:9 and because of the rains , cf. v 13 ; קוֹל
הֲמוֹן הַגּ׳1 K 18:41 cf. v 44 Zc 14:17 Ec 12:2 ; ֶשׁם ֶ ָמ ָט֑ר וְג׳ ִמטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ גּJb
37:6 ; ֶשׁםֶ ְמטַר־גּZc 10:1 ; cf. ג׳ נְדָבוֹתψ 68:10 ; fig. of blessing Ez 34:26 , ג׳
ְבּ ָרכָהv 26 ; of destruction ג׳ שֹׁטֵףEz 13:11 , 13 cf. 38:22 .
† [ ] גשׁםvb. denom. ( cf. NH Qal Pt. pass. & Hoph. ) — Pu. Pf. 3 fs.
ֻשׁ ָ ֯מה
ְגּ Ez 22:24 be rained upon ( ָהּ
ֻשׁמ
ְ גּBaer, but v. Ke Sm ). Hiph. cause or
send rain , Pt. ְשׁמִים
ִ ַמג Je 14:22 .
Mass Masora.
wi. with, construed with.
† [ שׁם ֫ S
ֶ ֹגּ 1656
TWOT 389
GK 1775
] n. [ m. ] מהּ
ָ ֻֿשׁ
ְ גּEz 22:24 (or ִשׁמָהּ
ְגּ
from ֶשׁם
ֶ )? גּaccording to punct. ; but cf. sub גשׁםvb.
ַשׁמוּ
ְגּ S 1654
GK 1776
n.pr. , v. I. ֶשׁם
ֶ גּ.
† ֫
גֹּ ֶשׁן S 1657
TWOT 390
GK 1777
n.pr.loc. ( on etym. cf. Di Gn 45:10 ) — 1.
GS 500 ff. Goshen, 1887
district in Egypt E. of lower Nile, v. Eb ; Naville , who reads
hierogl. Kesem , but cf. Groff JAs xiv. 527 ( Γεσεμ ( Αραβιασ) ) — גֹּשׁן
ֶ ֶארֶץ
Gn 45:10 (JE) 46:34 ; 47:1 , 4 , 6 , 27 ; 50:8 Ex 8:18 ; 9:26 (all J ); ֫אַ ְרצָה
גֹּשׁן
ֶ Gn 46:28 ( J ); שׁנָה ֑ v 28 , 29 (both J ), in both
ְ ֹגּ καθ ῾Ηρώων πόλιν
cf. Di ( P has land רעמסס47:11 etc., cf. Di Gn 45:10 ). 2. ארץ ַגֹּשׁן
ֶ ה Jos
11:16 ( D ), גֹּשׁן
ֶ ֶארֶץJos 10:41 ( D ), גֹּשׁן
ֶ Jos 15:51 ( P ) ( in all Γοσομ ) a
city named with גִּלהֹ & חֹלֹןcf. Di .—not clearly located, but on southern border
of Judah.
† ִשׁ ָפּא
ְגּ S 1658
GK 1778
n.pr. m. named after ָא
צִיחas an officer of Nethinim Ne
11:21 ; v. om. B ; L & Codd. Γεσφα , name not elsewhere in OT , not even ||
1 Ch 9 ; possibly corrupted from ָא
ֲשׂפ
ֻ חNe 7:46 (following ; ִצחָאin || Ezr 2:43
חֲשׁוּפָא, ) צִיחָא, ῾Ασφα ( B ; Codd. Ασειφα , etc.); cf. Be Ry .
√ ( גשׁרof foll. Cf. Assyrian gašâru , strengthen, make firm Lotz TP Register
; Arabic
be bold , also arch a bridge , cf. bridge , NH ֶשׁר
ֶ גּid. , Aramaic ִישׁרָא
ְ גּ,).
† גְּשׁוּר S 1650
GK 1770
n.pr. m. ( bridge ? or land of bridges ? cf. Wetzst
Haurgran, 82
) . 1. of people, = ַהגְּשׁוּרִי Jos 13:13 cf. 1 Ch 2:23 . 2. of land ֶמ ֶל ְך
גְּשׁוּר 2 S 3:3 ; 13:37 cf. v 38 (but text in disorder cf. We Dr ) 14:32 ;
15:8 ָם ִבּגְּ׳ ַבּ ֲאר1 Ch 3:2 , גְּשׁוּרָה2 S 14:23 ; a territory E. of the upper Jordan,
exact limits unknown; according to Guthe ZPV xii. 1889, 232 f. between Gilead and
Hermon, in Jaulân; according to Furrer ib. xiii. 1890, 198 = the Ledjah , district E. of
Jaulân, with town Jisre; against him Guthe ib. 285 f.
† ִי
גְּשׁוּרS 1651 GK 1771 adj. gent. = subst. ; הַגּ׳1. people dwelling in Geshûr (
supr. ) Dt 3:14 Jos 12:5 ; 13:11 , 13 . 2. a tribe of, or near, the Philistines Jos 13:2
punct. punctuation.
, read prob. ִי
ַהגִּזְרWe and Dr (on 1 S 27:8 ), Mey ZAW i. 126 n
GFM Ju 1:29 n.
also 1 S 27:8 , but del (not L ) cf. We Dr ; read possibly אשׁוריHom
Aufsätze i. (1892), 9
; 2 S 2:9 read הגּ׳for האשׁורי.
†[ ] גשׁשׁvb. feel with the hand, feel, stroke ( NH id. , Arabic , Aramaic גּ ְַשׁשׁ
Pa., ; Ethiopic or stroke, touch ) — Pi. Impf. 1 pl. coh. שׁה ֲ נְגIs 59:10 , נְגַשּׁ֑ ָשׁהib.,
ָ ַשׁ
grope, grope for cf. Che .
גִּתִּי S 1663
GK 1785
adj. gent.
גִּתִּית S 1665
TWOT 841b
GK 1787
adj. v. sub יגן.
† ֫גֶּתֶר S 1666
GK 1788
n.pr. m. ( √ unknown ) a son of Aram Gn 10:23 = 1 Ch
1:17 .
ד, דּ, Dāleth , fourth letter; in modern Heb. = numeral 4; = ̈ ד4000; no evidence of
this usage in OT times.
†[ ָדּאֵבS 1669
TWOT 392
GK 1790
] vb. become faint, languish ( NH id. Hiph.;
cf. Arabic toil, weary oneself; v. also ָה
דְּאָב, & דְּאָבוֹןcf. — ) דובQal Pf. 3 fs.
† דְּאָבָה S 1670
TWOT 392a
GK 1791
n. f. faintness, failure of mental energy,
dismay Jb 41:14 וּ ְל ָפנָיו תָּדוּץ דְּאָבָהand before him (i.e. the crocodile) danceth
dismay .
† [ ְאָבוֹן
דּS 1671
TWOT 392b
GK 1792
] n. [ m. ] faintness, languishing , cstr.
וְִכלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם וְַדאֲבוֹן נָ ֶפ֑שׁ Dt 28:65 ( cf. Lv 26:16 & Syriac v. ) דוב.
† דָּאַגS 1672
TWOT 393
GK 1793
vb. be anxious, concerned, fear ( Talm ְדּאֵיג,
ְדּאִגid. ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדָאַגconsec. 1 S 9:5 ; 10:2 ; 2 fs. דָּאַגְ ְתּIs 57:11 ;
Impf. 3 ms. יִדְאָ֑גJe 17:8 ; אדְאַג
ֶ ψ 38:19 ; Pt. דֹּאֵגJe 38:19 , דֹּ ֲאגִיםJe 42:16 ;—
1. be anxious, concerned , with reference to, in behalf of, c. ל
ְ 1 S 9:5 ; 10:2 ; id. c. מִן
† דֹּאֵג S 1673
GK 1795
n.pr. m. an Edomite, servant of Saul 1 S 21:8 ; 22:9 , 18
( ×2 )
, 22 ( v 18 ( ×2 )
, 22 Kt דויג cf. Dr ) ֵג
דּוֹאψ 52:2 (title).
† דְּאָגָה S 1674
TWOT 393a
GK 1796
n. f. anxiety, anxious care — ְאָגָה
דּJos
22:24 + 5 times; anxiety for = for fear of, c. מִןJos 22:24 ; anxiety Pr 12:25
(where c. verb. masc. cf. Now ), Je 49:23 ; ַבּיָּם ד׳anxious care Ez 4:16 ; 12:19
(in both || ָמוֹן
) ִשׁמּ, 12:18 ( || ַרעַשׁand ) ָרגְזָה.
דָּאג S 1709
TWOT 401a
GK 1794
fish , cf. דָּגsub דגה.
† [ דּיָּה
ַS 1772
TWOT 394b
GK 1901
] n. f. id. —frequenting ruins, cf. Di l.c.
דַּיּוֹת Is 34:15 (on דּיָּה
ַ ַהDt 14:13 cf. foregoing).
דֹּאר S 1756
GK 1799
n.pr. v. sub II. דור.
דבאTWOT 395
( ? √ of foll.; existence & meaning dub. )
† [ ֶא ֫ S
דֹּב 1679
TWOT 395a
GK 1801
] n. [ m. ] perhaps rest , but sense very
doubtful ( ? Arabic rest , Ḳamus ; S Onk strength , reading perhaps רבאך
cf. Sam. רביך, vid. Di ) וּ ְכיָמֶי ָך ָדּ ְבאֶֽךָ׃ Dt 33:25 .
†[ ָדּבַב S 1680 TWOT 396 GK 1803 ] vb. move gently, glide, glide over ( NH ַב ָדּב
flow slowly, drop; Arabic walk leisurely, gently , any animal that walks or creeps , cf.
B Vulgate.
Saad Arabic Version of Saadya.
Bo S. Bochart, circa., Hierozoicon .
Di A. Dillmann.
del. dele, strike out (also delet, delent ).
Greek version of the LXX.
l.c. in loco citato.
√ root or stem.
dub. dubious, doubtful.
S Syriac Version.
Targum.
Onk Targum of Onkelos.
Sam. Samaria, Samaritan (rarely = Samuel).
vid. vide , see.
; דֹּבAssyrian dabâbu , plot, plan , COT Gloss. , cf. — ) ִדּבָּהonly Qal Pt. דּוֹבֵב ִשׂ ְפתֵי
ְשׁנִים ֑ ְשׁנּ
ֵ יCt 7:10 , of wine gliding over the lips of sleepers; ( ָי ִ ד׳ ְשׂ ָפתַי וi.e. my lips
and teeth S Aq Gei Urschrift 405 ).
† ִדּבָּה S 1681
TWOT 396b
GK 1804
n. f. whispering, defamation, evil report ( ?
as that which glides stealthily ) — abs. ד׳ Nu 14:36 Pr 10:18 ; cstr. ִדּבַּת Je 20:10
+ 4 times; sf. ך ָ ִדּבָּֽ ְתPr 25:10 ִדּ ָבּתָםGn 37:2 ;— 1. whispering ψ 31:14 Je
20:10 ( Hi Hup De Gf VB ; yet cf. Che ψ ) 2. defamation Pr 10:18 ( c.
) הוציא. 3. evil report , specif. a (true) report of evil doing Gn 37:2 ( P ) וַיָּבֵא
; אֶת־ ִדּ ָבּתָם ָרעָה cf. also Pr 25:10 & Ez 36:3 ַל־שׂפֵת לָשׁוֹן וְִדבַּת־ ָע֑ם
ְ וַתֵּֽעֲלוּ ע.
unfavourable report of spies Nu 13:32 ; 14:36 , 37 (all P & all c. ִיא ; תוֹצadj.
רעהonly 14:37 ).
2
COT The Cuneiform Inscr. & the Old Test. (Eng. Trans. of KAT ;, by O.H.
Whitehouse).
Gloss. glossary, rarely = a gloss.
Aq Aquila.
Gei A. Geiger, Urschrift u.Übersetzungen der Bibel;
seld. seldom, rare.
Dl Friedrich Delizstch, Assyrische Studien;
Hom F. Hommel, Namen der Säugethiere .
pl. plural.
RS W. Robertson Smith, Religion of Semites.
sf. suffix, or with suffix.
Hup H. Hupfeld.
De Franz Delitzsch.
VB Variorum Bible.
Che T. K. Cheyne.
P Priests’ Code or Narrative.
† ִדּבְיוֹנִים n. [ m. ] so Qr ; = דב יוניםdove’s dung (?) 2 K 6:25 f or Kt
; חרייונים κόπρου περιστερω̂ν ( Klo gives conject. emend.)
דבלTWOT 397
( Arabic ) collect , also make into lumps, gobbets (Lane); Ethiopic &
cogn. in deriv.
† [ ָה
ִדּ ְבלS 1689
GK 1812
] n.pr.loc. only c. ה loc. ִדּ ְב ָל֫תָה Ez 6:14 but read
ִר ְב ָלתָה JDMich Hi Sm Co Da .
† [ ל֫יִם
ַ ִדּ ְבS 1691
GK 1813
] n.pr. m. father of Gomer wife of Hosea ל֑יִם
ָ ִדּ ְבHo
1:3 .
ָדּבַקS 1692
TWOT 398
GK 1815
, ָדּבֵקS 1695
TWOT 398
GK 1816
vb. cling,
cleave, keep close ( NH id. , Arabic , Aramaic ֵק
ְדּב, ְדּבַק, ) — Qal Pf. ָדּבַק 1 K 11:2
Qr Q e rê.
Klo A. Klostermann.
conject. conjecture(s); also conjection.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Hebrew & Assyrian .
n.pr.loc. nomen proprium loci, proper name of place.
loc. local, locality.
JDMich J. D. Michaelis.
Sm R. Smend (rarely = Samuel).
Co C. H. Cornill.
Da A. B. Davidson.
וְָדבconsec. Gn 2:24 ; ָדּ ֵב֑ק2 K 3:3 ; 3 fs.
+ 2 times; ַק דָּֽ ְבקָה Ru 1:14 + 5 times;
ָדּ ֵב֑קָה Job 29:10 ; 1 s. ִי
ָדּ ַב ְקתּψ 119:31 ; 3 pl. דָּֽבְקוּ 2 S 20:2 ; ְקוּ
וְדָֽבconsec. Dt
28:60 ; ב֑קוּ
ֵ ָדּJb 41:15 ; וּ ְד ַב ְקתֶּםconsec. Jos 23:12 ; Impf. יְִדבַּקDt 13:18 + 3 times;
3 fs. ִתּ ְדבַּק2 K 5:27 ψ 137:6 ; וַ ִתּ ְדבַּקGn 34:3 + 2 times; sf. קנִי
ַ ִתּ ְד ָבּGn 19:19 ; 2
ms. בּ֑ק ָ ִתּ ְדDt 10:20 Ez 29:4 ( del. B Co ); 2 fs. ִתּ ְד ָבּקִיןRu 2:8 , 21 ; 3 pl.
יְִדבְּקוּNu 36:7 , 9 ; 2 mpl. ִתּ ְד ָבּ֑קוּJos 23:8 ; ִתּ ְדבָּקוּ֑ןDt 13:5 ; Inf. cstr.
וּ ְל ָד ְבקָה־בּוֹDt 11:22 + 2 times;—in Hexateuch only JD, except Nu 36:7 , 9 ( P );— 1.
cling, cleave to , a. lit. sq. בּ
ְ Jb 19:20 (bone to skin), so sq. ְלψ 102:6 ; sq. אֶל2 S
23:10 (hand to sword; accidentally om. with other words 1 Ch 11:13 cf. Dr 2 S 23:11
), Je 13:11 (girdle to loins), La 4:4 (tongue to roof of mouth, in thirst), so sq. ל
ְ Jb
29:10 ψ 137:6 (as a judgment); so also in metaph. ψ 44:26 דָּֽ ְבקָה לָאָרֶץ ִבּ ְטנֵנוּour
belly cleaveth to the earth ( || ְשׁנוּ
ֵ נַפ) ָשׁחָה ֶל ָעכָּר, 119:25 ְשׁי דָּֽ ְבקָהִ ; ֶל ָעפָר נַפfish to
scales of crocodile ( fig. of Pharach), sq. בּ ְ Ez 29:4 (but cf. supr. ); abs. (recipr.) of
folds of crocodile’s belly Jb 41:15 ; further of the ֶם ֵחרremaining in ( sticking to ) the
hand sq. בּ ְ Dt 13:18 ; so of spot, stain Jb 31:7 . b. so also of abiding on the land of
one’s tribe Nu 36:7 , 9 ( sq. בּ ְ ). c. = remain with, close to sq. עִםRu 2:8 , 21 sq.
ְבּv 23 . 2. cling, cleave to , a. fig. of loyalty, affection etc., sometimes with idea of
physical proximity retained, sq. בּ ְ Gn 2:24 ( J ; man to wife) cf. 34:3 ( J ) 1 K 11:2
Jos 23:12 ( D ); further Ru 1:14 (Ruth to Naomi); 2 S 20:2 (people to king); especially
( sq. בּ
ְ ) of cleaving to י׳Dt 11:22 ( || אָהֵב, ) ָה ַל ְך ְבּכָל־ ְדּ ָרכָיו30:20 ( || אָהֵב, ָשׁמַע
) בְּקֹלוֹ, Jos 22:5 ( || ֵב
אָה, וגו׳ ָה ַל ְך, ;) ָשׁמַר ִמצְוֹתָיוcf. further Dt 10:20 ; 13:5 Jos
23:8 (all D ), 2 K 18:6 ; ψ 63:9 ( sq. ֵי & ) אַ ֲחרψ 119:31 ; ָדּ ַבקְתּי ְבעֵֽדְוֹ ֶת֑י ָךso b. of
the opposite ב֑ק
ֵ ְבּחַטֹּאות יָֽ ָר ְבעָם … ָדּ2 K 3:3 ; c. subj. disease, calamity, sq. ְבּpers.
Dt 28:60 2 K 5:27 ; sq. ֵי אַ ֲחרJe 42:16 ; sq. acc. Gn 19:19 ( J ); subj. sin ψ 101:3
ְ pers. ) Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְֻד ָבּ֑קוּpass. of Hiph. 1. sq. ְבּ, of crocodile’s scales,
( sq. בּ
they are joined together Jb 41:9 ( || ְדוּ ;) יִ ְת ַלכּabs. of earth-clods Jb 38:38 . Hiph. Pf.
3 fs. sf. ְהוּ ִה ְדבִּי ָק֑תJu 20:42 ; 3 pl. sf. ִה ְדבִּיקֻהוּ2 S 1:6 ; 1 s. ִה ְד ַבּ ְקתִּיJe 13:11 ;
† ָדּבֵק S 1695
TWOT 398
GK 1816
adj. clinging, cleaving (to), דּ׳abs. וְיֵשׁ אֹהֵב
ָדּבֵק מֵאָחPr 18:24 ; ְדּ ֵבקָה ְל 2 Ch 3:12 (of cherub’s wing); of cleaving to ִיםַה ְדּ ֵבק
ְבּ י׳Dt 4:4 .
† ֶ ֫דּבֶק S 1694
TWOT 398a
GK 1817
n. m. Is 41:7 joining, soldering, appendage
[ָדּבַר S 1696 TWOT 399 GK 1818 , 1819 , 1820 ] 1142 vb. speak ( original meaning dub. ;
range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does
not explain Arabic or Heb. usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away , sustained by
Arabic go away with it , would best explain the four branches of usage:—(1) Arabic
depart, perish , IV. retreat , fig. retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian
juss. jussive.
Ges W. Gesenius, Heb. Gram. ed. by Kautzsch;
Kö E. König, Heb. Gram.
E Elohist.
The O. Thenius.
Be E. Bertheau.
al. et aliter , and elsewhere; also et alii , and others.
Ew H. Ewals.
MV Gesenius, Handwörterbuch über das A. T. , edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck.
A Alexandrine MS. of Setpuagint.
dabâru , Pi. drive away , Bez Orient. Diplom. Vocab. Dibbara , pest-god, Hpt in KAT 2 500 ,
ֶדּבֶרpestilence . (2) Arabic follow behind , in time, place, or station; part behind , back ,
ְדּבִירhindmost chamber of temple . (3) Syriac lead, guide , cattle, sheep, government,
take a wife, = Aramaic ; דְּברSyriac , Aramaic ָר ַדּבּleader; Syriac , Aramaic ַדּ ָבּרָא
guidance; Syriac Aramaic ָא ַדּ ְבר, Heb. ; דֹּבֶרSyriac , Aramaic ַמ ְד ְבּרָא, Heb. ִמ ְדבָּר
pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic ָא ַדּ ַבּ ְרתּ, Heb. דְּבוֹרָהswarm of bees ,
may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes (4) Arabic consider the end or issure
(of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider , plan against; Ph. דברspeak; Heb.
ִדּבֶּרetc. Syn. of אָמַרsay , as Aramaic ַמלֵּלwith ; ֲאמַרGk. λαλει̂ν, λέγειν ; Lat. loqui,
dicere ; Germ. reden, sagen ) — † Qal 41 only inf. (once?) & pt. : Inf. sf. ך ָ ֑( ְבּ ָד ְר ֶרby
ָ ְ֑שׁ ְפ ֶט
attraction to ך ָ בּfor usual Piel) ψ 51:6 ; Pt. דֹּבֵרEx 6:29 + 30 times; pl.
דֹּ ְברִיםNu 36:5 ψ 109:20 ; cstr. דֹּ ְברֵיψ 5:7 + 3 times; f. דֹּבְרוֹתNu 27:7 ψ
31:19 ; pass. ֻר ָדּבPr 25:11 ;— speak , abs. Nu 27:7 ; 32:27 ; 36:5 ( P ) ψ 51:6 (?);
ָדּבָר ָדּבֻרword spoken Pr 25:11 ; with acc. rei דֹּבֵר ָדּבָרspeaking a word Jb 2:13 ;
אמתψ 15:2 , תמיםAm 5:10 , (מ)ישׁריםPr 16:13 Is 33:15 , צדקIs 45:19 , שׁלום
Est 10:3 ψ 28:3 , ) שׁקר(ימψ 63:12 ; 101:7 Je 40:16 , כזבψ 5:7 ; 58:4 , רעψ
109:20 , נבלהIs 9:16 , הוַּת נפשׁו ַ Mi 7:3 ; with אֶלof person, unto Gn 16:13 ( J ) Ex
6:29 ( P ) Je 38:20 ; 40:16 Dn 10:11 Jon 3:2 ; ְאָזְנֵי בּin the ears of Dt 5:1 Je 28:7 ;
עַלconcerning, about ψ 31:19 ; 109:20 Je 32:42 (sometimes rendered against , but
dub. ); ִם עwith ψ 28:3 ; ַה ַמּלְאָ ְך הַדֹּבֵר בִּיthe angel that spake with me (as a prophet,
an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zc 1:9 , 13 , 14 ; 2:2 , 7 ; 4:1 , 4 , 5 ;
5:5 , 10 ; 6:4 ( vid. prep. בּ
ְ III. 2 Ew § 217 f. (3) ). † Niph. 4 Pf. נִ ְדבְּרוּMal 3:16 ,
נִ ְד ָבּ֑רוּ ψ 119:23 , ְנוּ
נִ ְד ַבּרMal 3:13 ; Pt. ַהנִּ ְד ָבּרִיםEz 33:30 ; reciprocal sense, speak
with one another, talk , abs. Mal 3:16 ; with בּ
ְ , against ψ 119:23 Ez 33:30 ; with על,
concerning, about Mal 3:13 ( RV against , vid. Ew § 217 i. ) Pi. 1089 Pf. ֶר ִדּבּGn 12:4
+ , בּ֑ר
ֵ ִדּGn 21:1 + (on ִדּ ֶבּ֑רEx 12:25 Dt 26:19 v. Bö § 1021 d (1)
Kö i 188
); Impf.
יְַדבֵּר יְַדבּGn 44:18 + ; ְתּ ַדבְּרוּןGn 32:20 , ְתּ ַדבֵּר֑וּןψ 58:2 ; Imv.
Gn 44:7 + , ֶר־
Bez C. Bezold.
Hpt Sacred Books of the O.T., ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).
KAT E. Schrader, Keilinschr. u. d. Alte Testament.
Ph. Phenician.
acc. rei acc. of thing.
Ew H. Ewals, Heb. . Gram.;
RV Revised Version.
Bö F. Böttcher, Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache .
Imv. Imperative.
ַדּבֵּרGn 24:38 + , ַדּבֶּר־Ex 11:2 + ; Inf. ַדּבֵּרGn 24:50 + , ַדּבֶּר־ Is 59:13 + ; Pt.
ְמ ַדבֵּרGn 27:6 + ; f. ְמ ַד ֶבּרֶת1 S 1:13 + ;—( ַה ִדּבֵּרJe 5:13 , inf. Ki 48
, prob. Ol §
182 e
Kö § 23 (5) , perhaps MV ; but more prob. a noun, as Ges § 52 (2), Anm. 3 Ew § 156 a ,
dub. pf. as Sta § 222 ; ֶר בְּיוֹם ִדּבּEx 6:28 Nu 3:1 Dt 4:15 ; ְתּ ִחלַּת ִדּבֶּר־Ho 1:2 ,
48 § 987 (7)
inf. Ki Bö Kö § 23 (5) ; but more prob. pf. , as Ges § 52 (2), Anm. 3 );— speak ,
1. abs. Dt 18:17 + (throughout the literature) usually with ֵאמֹר ל, less freq. וַיֹּאמֶר:
2 K 18:28 + , cf. the phrases † אני ) י׳ ( דברתי Ez 5:13 + 18 times Ez; † כי י׳ דבר
Is 1:2 ; 21:17 ; 22:25 ; 24:3 ; 25:8 Je 13:15 Jo 4:8 Ob 18 ; † כי פי י׳ דברIs 1:20
; 40:5 ; 58:14 Mi 4:4 ; † פי ידבר ψ 49:4 ; † (י)דבר פיψ 66:14 ; 145:21 ; †
השׁכם ודברJe 17:13 ; 25:3 ; 35:14 ; † עוד זה מדברJb 1:16 , 17 , 18 . 2. with acc.
rei , very frequently, את הדברים האלה ד׳Ex 20:1 Dt 5:19 + ; ָה עוֹד ְדּ ָברֶי ָך ָלמּ
ְתּ ַדבֵּרwhy speakest thou any more of they affairs? 2 S 19:30 ; עַד אִם־ ִדּ ַבּ ְרתִּי ְדּ ָב ָר֑י
until I have told my errand Gn 24:33 ; seld. sq. ָר ָדּבindef. ; as ד׳ ָדּבָרIs 58:13
speak a (mere, empty) word; so prob. also ִים ד׳ ְדּ ָברHo 10:4 ; with other nouns, e.g.
דבר קשׁותspake rough words Gn 42:7 , 30 ( E ); ד׳ גבההproud words 1 S 2:3 ;
טבותfriendly words Je 12:6 ; טוב1 S 19:4 1 K 22:13 Est 7:9 ; שׁקרIs 59:3 + , כזב
Dn 11:27 , אמתJe 9:4 + , שׁואψ 12:3 + ; דבר שׁירutter, sing a song Ju 5:12 ; משׁל
1 K 5:12 ; ִית יְהוּדthe Jewish language Ne 13:24 ; † סרהrebellion Dt 13:6 Je 28:16 ;
29:32 . 3. with persons: a. rarely acc. ְשׁלֹםָ יָֽכְלוּ ַדבְּרוֹ לthey could [ not ] speak unto
him peaceably Gn 37:4 ( J ; but Ew § 282 a about him ); ָם וַיְַדבֵּר … אֹתNu 26:3 ( P ,
but text corrupt vid. Di ; no satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read ָם ִאתּvid.
d ). b. most frequently with ֶל אthroughout the literature: Gn 8:15 + ; cf. phrases וַיְַדבֵּר
משׁה לֵאמֹר ֶ י׳ אֶלEx 6:10 + 87 times; P ; but † וידבּר י׳ אל משׁה לךEx 32:7 ;
33:1 (JE); דבּר אל אהרןLv 6:18 + 8 times ( P ); ישׂראל דבר אל בניEx 6:9 + 38
times ( P ); elsewhere, Ex 19:6 ( E ) Dt 1:3 ; 4:45 ( D ) ד׳ אל (כל) העדהEx 12:3
Lv 19:2 Nu 16:24 , 26 ( P ); ד׳ אל לבspeak unto one’s heart Gn 24:45 , i.e. to
oneself, cf. also ָהּ ד׳ על ִלבּ1 S 1:13 , v. 5 infr. ; אלis used inexactly for על1 S 3:12
1 K 16:12 Is 16:13 Je 27:13 ; 30:4 ; 33:14 ; 36:7 , 31 ; 40:2 ; 50:1 ; 51:12 , 62
where it is rendered concerning or against . c. with ל
ְ , speak to 1 K 2:19 Ez 32:21 Dn
2:4 ; ליהוהspeak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Jos 10:12 ( D ) 2 S 22:1 ( = ψ
Note. — ָה
ַה ַמּ ְמ ָלכ וַ ָתּקָם וַ ְתּ ַדבֵּר אֶת־כַּל־זֶרַע2 Ch 22:10 ἀπώλεσε , B
interfecit , scribal error for ֵד וַתְּאַבּ2 K 11:1 . Other explanations: plot against, waylay
(Arabic ) Thes MV ; pronounce sentence , ellipt. ִים ִשׁ ָפּט
ְ וַ ְתּ ַדבֵּר מGes Hdw Rob ; but
cf. VB — † Pu. Impf. ָהּ בַּיּוֹם ֶשׁיְֻּדבַּר־בּin the day when she may be spoken for Ct 8:8
( vid. Pi. 4 c ); Pt. ך ְ נִ ְכבָּדוֹת ְמ ֻדבָּר ָבּglorious things are being spoken in thee ( RV
Pe MV of thee ) ψ 87:3 . † Hithp. Pt. ֵר ִמ ְת ַדּבֵּר = ִמ ַדּבּwith acc. ִמ ַדּבֵּר ַה ָדּבָר ַהזֶּה
speaking this word 2 S 14:13 ; ֶל׳ ָשׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֹל) ִמ ַדּבֵּר אheard ( the voice , or) one
speaking unto Nu 7:89 ( P ) Ez 2:2 ; 43:6 ( Di Nu 7:89 would read ֵר ְמ ַדבּafter ;
the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithp. difficult to reconcile with ֶל א
). † Hiph. Impf. תּי ָ וַיְַּדבֵּר ַעמִּים ַתּ ְחψ 18:48 ( 2 S 22:48 has וּמֹרִידfor rare ) וַיְַּדבֵּר,
יְַדבֵּר ַעמִּים ַתּ ְחתֵּינוּ47:4 ; either ( cf. Aramaic ) ַדּבַּרleads subject (so Ges coegit , De
Now ), or ( cf. Arabic turn the back, retreat ) puts to flight , fig. for subdues (so Hi ).
ָדּבָר S 1697
TWOT 399a
GK 1821
1439 n. m. speech, word — Gn 18:14 + 446
times; cstr. ְדּבַר Gn 12:17 + 361 times; sf. ְדּ ָברִי Nu 11:23 + (sfs. 66 times); sg.
in all 875 times; pl. ְדּ ָברִים Ex 4:10 + 182 times; cstr. ִדּ ְברֵי Gn 24:30 + 253
times; sf. ְדּ ָברָיו Gn 37:8 (sfs. 127 times); pl. in all 564 times;— I. sg. speech,
discourse, saying, word , as the sum of that which is spoken: 1. of men , a. ָר
ָדּב נְבוֹן
discreet in speech 1 S 16:18 ; תיִם
ַ ְשׂ ָפ ד׳speech of lips ψ 59:13 , mere talk Is 36:5 (
= 2 K 18:20 ) Pr 14:23 ( cf. ψ 17:4 speech of God’s lips); ָר
מ ָדּבָרbitter speech
ψ 64:4 ; כּזָב
ָ ד׳lying speech Pr 30:8 ; טוֹב ְדּבָֽ ְר ָךthy saying is good 1 S 9:10 ;
Ges W. Gesenius.
Rob E. Robinson.
Pe J. J. S. Perowne.
sg. singular.
וּ ְדבַר אַ ְבנֵר ָהיָה עִםand the speech of Abner had been with the elders of Israel 2 S
3:17 ( cf. 1 K 1:7 ); † אמר הדבר הזהsay this saying Je 23:38 ; 31:23 cf.
13:12 ; 14:17 (of God), 1 S 8:10 ( ֵי י׳ ) ִדּ ְבר. b. word of command , ד׳ ( ַה) ֶמּ ֶל ְך1
Ch 21:4 , 6 Est 1:12 + 6 times Est, Ec 8:4 cf. 2 Ch 30:5 ; 31:5 Dn 9:23 , 25 ;
† ְכוּת ד׳ ַמלroyal edict Est 1:19 ; כדבר עשׂהdo according to the command of Gn
44:2 ; 47:30 Ex 8:9 , 27 ; 12:35 ; 32:28 ( J ) Lv 10:7 ( P ) Ju 11:10 Ezr 10:5
Ne 5:12 , 13 ; cf. 2 S 17:6 (word of counsel), 1 K 3:12 (request), 1 K 17:13
(proposal; on these meanings v. infr. ) c. message, report, tidings , ָע
אֶת־ ַה ָדּבָר ָהר
ִשׁמַע ָהעָם
ְ ַהזֶּה וַיּand the people heard this evil report Ex 33:4 (JE) cf. 1 K 20:12 ;
אמת (היה) הדברthe report was true 1 K 10:6 = 2 Ch 9:5 ; ָדבָר ֵמ ִע ָמּכֶם עַד בּוֹא
until word come from you 2 S 15:28 ; ויגע הדבר אל מלך נינוהJon 3:6 ; † ֵשׁיב ִה
ָדּבָרreturn or bring word, report Gn 37:14 Nu 13:26 ; 22:8 ( J ) Dt 1:22 , 25
Jos 14:7 ; 22:32 ( D ) 1 K 2:30 ; 20:9 2 K 22:9 , 20 ( = 2 Ch 34:16 , 28 ), but
answer 1 S 17:30 2 S 3:11 ; 24:13 ( = 1 Ch 21:12 ), 1 K 12:6 , 9 ( = 2 Ch
10:6 , 9 ), 12:16 Ne 2:20 Pr 18:13 ; 27:11 Is 41:28 Ez 9:11 ( Dr Sm p. 190
explains the phrase as turn back with a word ); cf. דבר ) לא ( ענהanswer something
or nothing 1 K 18:21 2 K 18:36 ψ 119:42 Is 36:21 Je 44:20 vid. IV. 6 ; דברים
השׁיבreturn words Ex 19:8 ( E ) Pr 24:26 vid. III. 1. d. advice, counsel , בדבר
בלעםby advice of Balaam Nu 31:16 ( P ), cf. Ju 20:7 2 S 19:44 Est 5:5 . e.
request , אמתוof his maid , עבדוof his servant 2 S 14:15 , 22 . f. promise , לא יחל
דברוhe shall not break his word Nu 30:3 ( P ), cf. הקים דברperform a promise
Ne 5:13 , vid. also 2 b. g. charge, complaint , אם אמת היה הדבר הזהif this
charge be true Dt 22:20 cf. 13:15 ; 17:4 , בּ ְ שׂים דבר1 S 22:15 , עלילות דברים
ְל שׂיםDt 22:14 , 17 . h. decision, sentence , ִשׁפָּטְ ְדּבַר ַדמּthe sentence of judgment
Dt 17:9 cf. v 10 , 11 . i. theme, story , ָר טוֹב ָרחַשׁ ִלבִּי ָדּבmy heart swells with a
good theme ψ 45:2 ; ַר גְּבוּרוֹת ְדּבthe story of his great might Jb 41:4 . 2. word of
God , as a divine communication in the form of commandments, prophecy, and words
of help to his people, used 394 times. This word is communicated in several ways: a.
ויהי דבר י׳ אלthen the word of Yahweh came unto 1 S 15:10 2 S 7:4 ( cf. אלהים
1 Ch 17:3 ), 1 K 6:11 ; 13:20 ; 16:1 ; 17:2 , 8 ; 21:17 , 28 2 Ch 11:2 ( cf.
האלהים1 K 12:22 ); cf. 1 Ch 22:8 ( עלby confusion), Is 38:4 Je 1:4 + 20 times
Je, Ez 3:16 + 41 times Ez, Jon 1:1 ; 3:1 Hg 2:20 Zc 4:8 ; 6:9 ; 7:4 , 8 ; 8:1
(without ) אלv 18 ; † היה ד׳ י׳ אלGn 15:1 2 Ch 12:7 Je 25:3 + 4 times Je,
Ez 1:3 + 7 times Ez, Dn 9:2 Zc 1:1 , 7 ; 7:1 ; † הנה ד׳ י׳ אל Gn 15:4 1 K 19:9
; † ד׳ י׳ היה אל 2 S 24:11 1 K 16:7 ; 18:1 2 K 20:4 Ez 24:20 ; † היה ד׳ י׳
ביד Hg 1:1 ; 2:1 , 10 ; † ויהי ד׳ י׳ ביד Hg 1:3 ; † היה אל ד׳ י׳ אשׁרHo 1:1
SI Siloam Inscription.
AV Authorized Version.
Ke C. F. Keil.
RVm Revised Version margin.
Kö E. König.
×3 three times.
ֶ ֫דּבֶר S 1698
TWOT 399b
GK 1822 , 1823
49 n. m. pestilence ( cf. Arabic , departure,
death ) — Ex 9:3 + ; ֶר ָ ֑דּבHb 3:5 ; sf. ְדּ ָברֶי ָךHo 13:14 ;— 1. plague, pestilence ,
in general Ex 5:3 ; 9:15 Nu 14:12 ( J ) Lv 26:25 ( H ) Dt 28:21 , 2 S 24:13 , 15
( + v 15 a We Dr ) = 1 Ch 21:12 , 14 , 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 , 2 Ch
7:13 ; 20:9 ψ 91:3 , 6 Je 14:12 + 16 times Je, Ez 5:12 + 11 times Ez, Ho 13:14
Am 4:10 Hb 3:5 . Read ֶר וּ ַב ָדּ֑ב, or the like, 1 S 4:8 , for MT ַבּ ִמּ ְדבָּר, We Klo
Dr . † 2. cattle-plague, murrain Ex 9:3 ( J ) = ψ 78:50 .
† [ ֶר ֫ S
דֹּב 1699
TWOT 399c
GK 1824
] n. [ m. ] pasture ( cf. Aramaic ָא
ַדּ ְבר,
Syriac ) — sf. ְכּ ֵעדֶר בְּתוֹ ְך ַהדָּֽבְרוֹas a flock in the midst of its pasture Mi 2:12
(art. with sf. , cf. Ges § 127, 4 b , who attaches וas conj. to foll. word); ָעוּ וְר
ָשׂים ְכּ ָד ְברָם
ִ ְכבand lambs shall feed as ( in ) their pasture Is 5:17 .
† דֹּבְרוֹת S 1702
TWOT 399d
GK 1827
n. f. pl. floats, rafts 1 K 5:23 .
† [ ָה
ִדּ ְברS 1700 , 1701
TWOT 2667 , 399e
GK 1826
] n. f. cause, reason, manner —
cstr. עַל ִדּ ְברַתbecause of, for the sake of Ec 3:18 ; 7:14 ; 8:2 ; עַל־ ִדּ ְב ָרתִי
ַמ ְלכִּי־ ֶצדֶקafter the order, or manner, of Melchizedek ψ 110:4 ( יancient genit.
ending, to soften transition in poetry, Ges § 90 (3) a ); sf. ִי
ִדּ ְב ָרתmy cause, suit Jb
5:8 .
† I. ָה
דְּבוֹרS 1682 , 1683
TWOT 399f
GK 1805 , 1806
n. f. bee ( cf. Arabic , swarm
of bees , Aramaic ָא
ַדּ ַבּ ְרתּ, Syriac ) Is 7:18 ; pl. דְּבֹרִיםDt 1:44 Ju 14:8 ψ
118:12 . Read also ְבֹרוֹ
דּits bees 1 S 14:26 f or MT ַשׁ ְדּבcf. We Dr .
† II. ָה
דְּבוֹרS 1682 , 1683 TWOT 399f GK 1805 , 1806 n.pr. f. ( bee ) — 1. the nurse
of Rebekah Gn 35:8 . 2. the prophetess Ju 4:4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 14 ; 5:1 , 7 , 12 , 15 .
H Code of Holiness.
MT Masoretic Text.
Rob E. Robinson, Biblical Resarches.
Bd Bädeker’s Palestine.
† I. ִיר
ְדּבS 1687 , 1688
TWOT 399g , 399h
GK 1808 , 1809 , 1810
n. m. ( cf. Arabic back
, part behind ) hindmost chamber, innermost room of the temple of Solomon = קדשׁ
הקדשׁיםholy of holies, most holy place , the place of the ark and the cherubic
images, the throne-room of Yahweh 1 K 6:5 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 31 ;
7:49 ( = 2 Ch 4:20 ) 8:6 , 8 ( = 2 Ch 5:7 , 9 ) 2 Ch 3:16 ψ 28:2 . Prob. read
ְדּבִיר2 K 10:25 also, for MT ; עִירso Klo after L . (It is translated oracle in
AV RV after Aq Sym χρηματιστήριον , B oraculum , on the incorrect theory
that it was derived from ֶר
ִדּבּspeak .)
† ִדּבֵּר S 1699
TWOT 399c , 399i
GK 1825
n. [ m. ] speaking (so Ew
§ 156
) Je
5:13 ; וְ ַה ִדּבֵּר אֵין ָבּהֶםaccording to Hi Gf Ki (less prob.) vb. with art. for relat.
( vid. [ ַר
] ָדּבPi. ): but read rather ַה ָדּבָר, and the word is not in them .
ַדּ ֶבּ֫רS
† [ ֶת 1703
TWOT 399j
GK 1830
] n. f. word — ך
ָ ִמ ַדּבְּרֹתֶי ִשּׂא
ָ יhe
receiveth of thy words Dt 33:3 (poem).
† I. [ ָר
ִמ ְדבּS 4057
TWOT 399k , 399l
GK 4497 , 4498
] n. m. mouth , as organ of
speech,— נָאוֶה ִמ ְד ָבּ ֵר ְךthy mouth is lovely Ct 4:3 || ך
ְִ ִשׂפְתוֹ ַתי, λαλιά , Jer
eloquium .
דבשׁTWOT 400
( √ of foll.;
cf. Arabic IX. become black or brown , of a colour
between black and red; vid. deriv.; so Fl v. infr. ; yet vb. in this meaning perhaps
denom. from i.e. having the colour of dibs ) .
† ְדּבַשׁ S 1706
TWOT 400a
GK 1831
54 n. m. 1 S 14:29 honey ( named from
colour according to Fl NHWB i. 439
; Arabic date-honey; NH ְדּבַשׁ, Aramaic
ֶ ֫ ַדּ ֶבּS
† [ שׁת 1707 , 1708
TWOT 400b
GK 1832 , 1833
] 1. n. f. hump (of camel) (
etymol.? ) cstr. Is 30:6 ֶשׁת גְּ ַמלִּים
ֶ על־ ַדּבּ. 2. n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun Jos
19:11 ַדּ ָבּ֑ ֶשׁת.
† דָּג S 1709
TWOT 401a
GK 1794 , 1834
n. m. Jon 2:1 fish ( NH id. ) — ָג
דּJon
2:1 ( ×2 )
, 11 + Ne 13:16 Qr ( Kt ָדּגִים ;) ָדּאג 1 K 5:13 + 6 times; דּגֵי
ְ Gn 9:2 +
7 times;— fish of sea Jon 2:1 ( ×2 )
, 11 (in v 1 ;) ד׳ גָּדוֹלNe 13:16 ( דָּאגKt דָּג
article of Tyrian trade; only here coll. , read perhaps דּגָה
ָ ; or regard as late usage, cf.
converse דּגָה
ָ of individual Jon 2:2 );—elsewhere always pl. : as subj. of Solomon’s
utterance 1 K 5:13 ; fish-spear ַל דגים ִצ ְלצJb 40:31 ; most often ְדּגֵי ַהיָּםGn 9:2 (
P ), ψ 8:9 Ho 4:3 Zp 1:3 Ez 38:20 Jb 12:8 (in all opp. to beasts & birds, &
appar. used with them, + ֶשׂ ֶרמEz. cf. vb. רמשׂGn, for animal creation in general;
also Hb 1:14 cf. infr. ); Nu 11:22 (JE) of fish (with beasts) as food ( cf. Gn 9:2f.
) in simile of men ensnared, like fish taken in net ( ְצוֹדָה ) מEc 9:12 cf. Hb 1:14 (
;) ְדּגֵי ַהיָּם4 times ַשׁעַר ַה ָדּגִיםfish-gate 2 Ch 33:14 Zp 1:10 Ne 3:3 ; 12:39 (on
situation cf. ַר ) ַשׁע.
274
); of single fish only Jon 2:2 ( 2:1 ( ×2 ) , 11 ) דָּגby late usage; cf. conversely
דָּאג = ָדּגָה coll. Ne 13:16 .
† [ דוג, ִיג
דּS 1770
TWOT 401c
GK 1899
] vb. denom. fish for, catch — Qal Pf.
3 mpl. sf. וְדִיגוּםconsec. Je 16:16 (but as Qal dub. Ges § 73. 2
; Sta § 160 b. 2
† דּוּגָה S 1729
TWOT 401e
GK 1855
n. f. fishing, fishery , only in ְבּסִירוֹת דּוּגָה
ָ וְנAm 4:2 ( || ) ְבּצִנּוֹתof י׳, metaph. for dragging Isr. captive ( cf. for practice
ִשּׂא
referred to, in case of fish, Ez 29:4 & Jb 40:26 scornful summons to do it with
crocodile, if possible! v. Herod. ii. 70 on mode of capturing crocodiles).
† ָגוֹן דּS 1712 TWOT 403b GK 1837 n.pr. m. 1 S 5:4 god & idol of Philistines (
cf. Assyrian Dagan, Dakan ( nu ), name perhaps non-Shemitic COT Ju 16:23 Dl
Pa 139
Sayce Rel.Bab. 188 f. but v. Jen infr. ) —god of Ashdod, except Ju 16:23
(Gaza) & 1 Ch 10:10 (but cf. infr. );— ֶם
אֱלֹהֵיה דגון Ju 16:23 cf. דגון אֱלֹהֵינוּ
1 S 5:7 , ד׳ בֵּית1 S 5:2 , 5 1 Ch 10:10 (here hardly orig. cf. || 1 S 31:10 & We
Dr ); הנֵי ד׳
ֲ ֹ כּ1 S 5:5 , ִמ ְפתַּן ד׳v 5 ; as name of image ) ֵאצֶל ( ד׳v 2 , 3 , 4 ,
דגון נֹפֵלv 3 , 4 , ִשׁאַר ָעלָיו ְ רַק ד׳ נv 4 (but sense difficult; We proposes דָּגוֹ
only his fish , i.e. fishy part, was left upon him , v. also Dr ;—but was Dagon a fish-
god? Cf. works cited above & Scholz Götzendienst 238 ff. , Baud in PRE 2 iii. 460 ff. ,
especially Jen Kosmol. 449 ff. ). Vid. ֵית דָּגוֹן
בּp. 111 .
† I. [ ָדּגַלS 1713
TWOT 402 , 402b
GK 1838 , 1839
] vb. look, behold ( Assyrian dagâlu
, Lotz TP 131 ; Thes RobGes MV SS De make דָּגוּלa denom. from דּגֶל ֶ = lifted up
like a banner , or furnished with a banner , i.e. exalted, distinguished , AV RV chiefest
) ;— Pt. pass. דָּגוּל ֵמ ְר ָבבָהCt 5:10 looked at, conspicuous , according to Dl HA 40 .
ֶ ֫דּגS
† [ ֶל 1714
TWOT 402a
GK 1840
] n. m. Nu 10:14 standard, banner (
Assyrian diglu Dl HA 40 Pr 58
; cf. also Di Nu 2:2 ); cstr. ֶדּגֶל Nu 2:3 + 7 times;
sf. ִדּגְלוֹ Nu 1:52 + 2 times; pl. sf. ִדְּגלֵיהֶם Nu 2:17 , 31 , 34 ;— standard ,
Herod. Herodotus.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?
Sayce A. H. Sayce, Religion of Babylonia.
Jen P. Jensen.
Baud W. von Baudisin.
PRE Herzog’s Prot. Real-Encycl.
TP Tiglath-Pileser.
RobGes Gesenuis, Hebrew and English Lexicon, translated by E. Robinson.
SS C. Siegfried u. B. Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch.
partic. of separate tribes of Isr. יהודה ד׳ מחנהetc. Nu 2:3 , 10 , 18 , 25 ; 10:14 ,
18 , 22 , 25 ; cf. also 1:52 ; 2:2 ( || ) אֹתֹתv 17 , 31 , 34 (all P ); fig. Ct 2:4
ודגלו עלי אהבה.
† II. [ ַל
ָדּגS 1713
TWOT 402 , 402b
GK 1838 , 1839
] vb. denom. carry , or set up
standard, banner — Qal Impf. 1 pl. נִדְגֹּל ψ 20:6 ( Gr Che ; נָגִיל Bi נְגַדֵּל,
after S ; Now ; נִגְדַּלposs. )? נַגְדִּלset up standard in battle, cf. Dl Pr 61
.
Niph. Pt. fpl. דגָּלוֹת
ְ ִ נCt 6:4 , 10 bannered, supplied with standards , pt. as subst.
, of bannered hosts , cf. De .
† ָדּגָן S 1715
TWOT 403a
GK 1841
n. m. corn, grain (of cereals) ( NH id. , Sam.
v. Thes ; cf. Ph. ָדּגָן — ) ארצת דגןGn 27:28 + 29 times; cstr. ְדּגַןψ 78:24 ;
ְ Ho 2:11 , ְדּגָֽנְ ָךDt 7:13 ; 12:17 ; 14:23 ; 18:4 , ְדָּג ֑נֶ ָךDt 11:14 , ְדָּגנֵ ְךIs
sf. דָּגנִי
62:8 , דָּגנָם
ְ ψ 4:8 ; 65:10 — corn , c. תִּירוֹשׁmust , q.v. , Gn 27:28 , 37 (both J )
ψ 4:8 Is 62:8 Ho 2:11 ; 7:14 ; 9:1 Zc 9:17 ; cf. also Nu 18:27 ( P ; here, for
תירושׁ, ) ְמלֵאָה מִן־ ַה ֑יָּקֶב, La 2:12 (where ) יַיִן, Ho 14:8 (where ְל ָבנוֹן יֵין & גֶּפֶן
); ארץ דגן ותירושׁof land of Canaan Dt 33:28 ; of land of captiv. (words of the
Rabshak) 2 K 18:32 = Is 36:17 (other products, also, named in both); usually c.
יצהר & תירושׁNu 18:12 Dt 7:13 ; 11:14 ; 12:17 ; 14:23 ; 18:4 ; 28:51 2 Ch
31:5 ( + ) דבשׁ32:28 Ne 5:11 ; 10:40 ; 13:5 , 12 Je 31:12 Ho 2:10 , 24 Jo
1:10 ; 2:19 Hg 1:11 ; also Jo 1:17 Me; ( cf. 2 K 18:32 Is 36:17 supr. ); alone,
rare and late Ne 5:2 , 3 , 10 ψ 65:10 Ez 36:29 ; מיִם ַ ַן־שׁ
ָ ְדּגψ 78:24 ;—of the
above the following refer to firstfruits offered to the priests Nu 18:12 ( cf. v 27 )
Dt 18:4 2 Ch 31:5 ; to tithe Dt 12:17 ; 14:23 Ne 13:5 , 12 ; to both generally Ne
10:40 ; to loaning on usury Ne 5:10 , 11 .
Gr H. Grätz.
Bi G. Bickell.
subst. substantive.
We J. Wellhousen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten .
q.v. quod vide.
†[ ָדּגַרS 1716
TWOT 404
GK 1842
] vb. gather together as a brood ( cf. Aramaic
ְדּגַרheap together; so Nasar . ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ָדּגָרJe 17:11 ; 3 fs. דְָּֽגרָהIs
34:15 — gather together into its shadow Is 34:15 (of ִפֹּז ק, q.v. ), ָדּגָר וְלֹא יָָל֑דJe
17:11 (of partiridge; sim. of one getting riches unjustly).
† [ ַד
דּS 1717
TWOT 405
GK 1843
] n. m. Pr 5:19 breast , better teat, nipple (
τιτθοί Aq Pr 5:19 Symm Ez 23:3 , 21 ; NH & Aramaic ; דַּדprimit. caressing
word; according to Fl in NHWB ) — Du cstr. ַדּדֵּיEz 23:3 , 8 (both del.
i. 439
†[ ָדּדָהS 1718
TWOT 406
GK 1844
] vb. [ move slowly ] ( NH Pi. דּדָּה
ִ lead slowly
, Hithp. דּדָּה
ַ ; ִהAramaic ַדּדִּי, ; אִי ַדּדִּיArabic is run quickly (of a camel): on form, cf.
Kö i 587
; SS der. from דאהcf. Sta § 112 a, 150 a, 129 b, 581 d
) — Pi. Impf. 1 s. sf. ֲא ַדדֵּם
(so read for MT ֶא ַדּדֵּם Dy Bi & Che , cf. his crit. note) lead slowly (in procession)
ψ 42:5 . Hithp. Impf. 1 s. דּדֶּה
ַ ֶאIs 38:15 ; also sf. ֶא ַדּדֵּםψ 42:5 MT but cf. supr.
;— walk deliberately , at ease ( De Che Di ), or as in procession ( Ew ), Is 38:15 ( cf.
Che Di VB ).
† ְדּדָן S 1719
GK 1847
n.pr.loc. & gent. ;— ד׳Gn 10:7 + 8 times + Ez 27:20
(but v. infr. ) c. ְדּ ָד֫נֶהEz 25:13 cf. Ges § 90, 2 ad fin. ;— 1. under fig. of
ה loc.
son of ָה
ַר ֲעמand grandson of ( כּוּשׁv. these arts.) Gn 10:7 (brother of = ) ְשׁבָא1
Ch 1:9 Ez 27:20 ; cf. בּנֵי ד׳ ְ v 15 (but read here perhaps רדן υἱοὶ ῾Ροδίων ,
† [ ִי
ְדּ ָדנS 1719 , 1720
GK 1848
] adj. gent. only pl. as subst. ְדּ ָדנִים אֹרְחוֹת Is
21:13 .
†[ ָדּהַםS 1724
TWOT 407
GK 1850
] vb. astonish, astound ( Arabic ) — Niph. Pt.
ְכּאִישׁ נִ ְדהָם Je 14:9 like a man astounded ( || להושׁיע ;) ְכּגִבּוֹר לֹא יוכל ὑπνω̂ν
= רדָּם ְ ִ נ.
†[ ָדּהַרS 1725
TWOT 408
GK 1851
] vb. rush, dash , of horse ( onomat.? perhaps
cf. Arabic befall, fall upon, overcome, conquer ) — Qal Pt. סוּס דֹּהֵר Na 3:2 .
† [ ָה
ַדּ ֲהרS 1726
TWOT 408a
GK 1852
] n. f. rushing, dashing , of riders— Pl.
cstr. ַדּהֲרוֹת ַדּהֲרוֹת אַבִּירָיו Ju 5:22 ; repetition for intensity, furious dashing .
Sta B. Stade.
Sab. Sabean.
DHM D. H. Müller.
Glaser E. Glaser, skizze der Geschichte u. Geographie arabiens .
MI Mesha-Inscription.
So A. Socin.
LCB Litterarisches Centralblatt.
ClGann Clermont-Ganneau.
JAs Journal Asiatique.
† ָר ִתּ ְדהS 8410 TWOT 408b GK 9329 n. [ m. ] name of a tree, prob. elm ( Syriac
(or PS ) Lag BN 130 Löw 71 ; Arabic Lane 864 Dozy i. 432 (also ash , v. Dozy ib. );
so Symm & B Is 41:19 ; cf. Di , where also other views, e.g. plane-tree (Rabb.
Che ), or pine; — √ dub. ; Ges Is 41:19 Thes der. from דהרendure inferred from
Arabic time , but this questionable; perhaps a loan-word ) , יַ ְחדָּו בְּרוֹשׁ ִתּ ְדהָר
וּתְאַשּׁוּר Is 41:19 = 60:13 .
†[ דּוּבS 1727
TWOT 409
GK 1853
] vb. pine away ( cf. דאב, — ) דאבוןHiph.
Pt. f. pl. ְמדִיבֹת נפשׁ Lv 26:16 (diseases) causing to pine away the soul (life), cf.
Di ; in 1 S 2:33 read prob. Inf. ִיב את נפשׁך ( ְל ָהדfor MT ) ַל ֲאדִיבso Dr ; trans. to
cause thy ( al. his ) soul to pine away ( cf. VB ).
דודTWOT i. 439
410
( √ assumed for foll., wh. however perhaps primitive caressing word,
Sem. Wortforsch. 277
Fl NHWB swing, rock, dandle, fondle, love; > Thes Dietr MV ,
who connect with ( דּוּדcf. infr. ) cf. Syriac disturb ) .
† דּוֹד S 1730
TWOT 410a
GK 1856
n. m. Ct 1:2 beloved, love ( pl. ), uncle ( NH
id. , Syriac ; Assyrian dâdu Dl ) — abs. דּוֹדCt 5:9 ( ×2 ) ; cstr. דּוֹד1 S
HA 19
10:14 + 3 times; דֹּדLv 10:4 Est 2:15 ; sf. ִי דּוֹדIs 5:1 (but cf. infr. ) + 26 times
all Ct; ִי
דֹּדJe 32:8 + 2 times; דֹּ ְד ָךJe 32:7 ; דּוֹ ֵד ְךCt 5:9 ( ×2 ) + 2 times; דּוֹדוֹAm
6:10 1 S 10:16 , דֹּדוֹLv 20:20 + 4 times; דּוֹדָהּCt 8:5 ; pl. דּוֹדִיםCt 5:1 ; דֹּדִים
Pr 7:18 Ez 16:8 ; 23:17 ; pl. sf. ַי דֹּדCt 7:13 ; דֹּדֶי ָךCt 1:2 , 4 ; דֹּ ַדיְִךCt
4:10 ( ×2 )
; ֶן
דֹּדֵיהNu 36:11 — 1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed)
† [ ָה
דֹּדS 1733
TWOT 410b
GK 1860
] n. f. aunt —only sf. דֹּדָֽ ְת ָך Lv 18:14 f
ather’s brother’s wife; דֹּדָתוֹLv 20:20 Ex 6:20 f ather’s sister [ cf. Nu 26:59 ].
† דּוֹדוֹ S 1734
GK 1861
n.pr. m. ( his beloved , cf. ; דודוהוor
דודהn.pr. comp.
divin. MI , cf. דּוִד
12
ָ infra ) — 1. man of tribe of Issachar Ju 10:1 . 2. דדיKt 2 S
23:9 ( = ַי
דּוֹד1 Ch 27:4 ), דּוֹדוֹQr = דּוֹדוֹ1 Ch 11:12 . 3. father of ֶא ְל ָחנָן2 S
23:24 = דּוֹדוֹ1 Ch 11:26 .
† דּוֹדַי S 1737
GK 1862
n.pr. m. = ( דּוֹדוֹq.v. ) 1 Ch 27:4 ( cf. דדי 2 S 23:9 Kt
).
ָדּוִד S 1732 TWOT 410c GK 1858 , דּוִידָ 1066 n.pr. m. David , son of ִשׂי
ַ י, king of
Israel, whose dynasty remained on the throne of Jerusalem till the Babylonian exile (
cf. 2 S 7:11–15 etc.) ( beloved one ? cf. Ba NB 189 ; according to Sayce Mod. Rev.
1884, 158 ff. Rel.Bab. 53, 56 f.
orig. Dodo , title of sun-god worshipped in Isr. cf. דודה n.
divin. among E. Jordan Israelites MI ) — דּוִד ָ always Ru Sa Ki (except 1 K 3:14
12
Lo R. Lowth.
St H. Steiner.
abstr. abstract.
concr. concrete.
Nes E. Nestle, Eigennamen.
Ba J. Barth, Nominalbildung .
Sayce A. H. Sayce.
to Peters Hbr Apr. 1886, p. 175 ) 9:11 Ho 3:5 Ez 34:23 1 K 3:14 ; 11:4 , 36 Ct 4:4 (
c. 276 times);—first named 1 S 16:13 ; cf. also Ru 4:17 , 22 2 S 1:1 + , 1 K 1:1
+ , 2:1 + , etc. ( v. supra ); in titles of ψ 3—9 , 11–32 , 34–41 , 51–65 , 68–70 ,
86 , 101 , 103 , 108–110 , 122 , 124 , 131 , 133 , 138–145 (73 in all); also in ψ
18:51 ( = 2 S 22:51 ) 72:20 ; 89:36 , 50 ; 122:5 ; 132:1 , 11 , 17 ; ִי י׳ ( ד׳ ַע ְבדּ
speaks) 2 S 3:18 ; 7:5 , 8 = 1 Ch 17:4 , 7 cf. v 26 = 1 Ch 17:24 , also 1 K
8:24 , 25 , 26 ( ×2 ) = 2 Ch 6:15 , 16 , 17 , 42 , 1 K 11:13 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 ;
14:8 2 K 8:19 ; 19:34 = Is 37:35 , 2 K 20:6 ; cf. further ψ 18:1 ; 36:1 (both
titles cf. supr. ) 78:70 ; 89:4 , 21 ; 132:10 ; 144:10 Je 33:21 , 22 , 26 ; so also
as represented in coming (Messianic) ruler Ez 34:23 , 24 ; 37:24 , 25 , cf. Ho 3:5
Je 30:9 ( v. ֶד) ֶעב. Phrases are: a. ( עִיר ד׳according to Sayce Mod. Rev. l.c. orig. city
of god Dod [ o ]) = stronghold or citadel of Zion, 2 S 5:7 , 9 = 1 Ch 11:5 , 7 , 2
S 6:10 , 12 , 16 = 1 Ch 13:13 ; 15:1 , 29 , cf. Is 22:9 ; especially of burial of
kings 1 K 2:10 ; 3:1 , 8:1 = 2 Ch 5:2 , 1 K 9:24 = 2 Ch 8:11 , 1 K 11:27 v
43 = 2 Ch 9:31 , 1 K 14:31 ; 15:8 = 2 Ch 12:16 ; 13:23 , 1 K 15:24 = 2 Ch
16:14 , 1 K 22:50 = 2 Ch 21:1 , 2 K 8:24 = 2 Ch 21:20 , 2 K 9:28 ; 12:22 =
2 Ch 24:25 , 2 K 14:20 ; 15:7 , v 38 = 2 Ch 27:9 , 2 K 16:20 ; burial of Jehoiada
2 Ch 24:16 ; further 2 Ch 32:5 , 30 ; 33:14 Ne 12:37 ; cf. also חנָה ד׳ ָ ִק ְריַתIs
29:1 . b. ד׳ בֵּית 2 S 3:1 , 6 + ( cf. ַבּיִת5 c ). c. אֹהֶל ד׳Is 16:5 ( cf. אֹהֶל2 ). d.
ֻסכַּת ד׳ Am 9:11 ( cf. ֻס ָכּהsub ) סכך. e. ִכּסֵּא ד׳2 S 3:10 cf. 1 K 1:37 ; 2:12 ,
24 , 45 Is 9:6 Je 17:25 ; 22:2 , 30 ; 29:16 ; 36:30 cf. 13:13 ; 22:4 , ( cf. also
) ִכּסֵּא. f. ִק ְברֵי ד׳Ne 3:16 cf. 2 Ch 32:33 ( ִק ְברֵי ְבנֵי־ד׳cf. ) ֶקבֶר. g. ִמגְדַּל ד׳
Ct 4:4 . h. האלהים ְי־שׁיר ד׳ אישִׁ ְכּלNe 12:36 . i. אֱלֹהֵי ד׳2 K 20:5 + ( cf.
אֱלֹהִים4 b ). j. ַח ְסדֵי ד׳2 Ch 6:42 Is 55:3 ( cf. 2 S 7:15 1 K 3:6 ψ 89:50 2
Ch 1:8 etc.).—(On text note the foll.:— דּוִד ָ 1 S 30:20a del. B We Dr ; 2
S 3:5 read prob. name of a former husband of Eglah We Dr ; 2 S 13:39 read ח ַ רוּ
We p. 223
Dr ; 2 S 19:44 read ְכוֹר ( בּfor ) בדוד The We Dr ; insert דּוִדָ 2S
9:11 ; 15:32 & 24:15 We Dr ; in 1 Ch 18:12 ψ 60:1 יואב & אבשׁיare less
orig. than דּוִד
ָ 2 S 8:13 We Dr ).
† [ ַי
דּוּדS 1736
TWOT 410d
GK 1859
] n. m. Gn 30:14 mandrake ( as love-
producing, cf. Di Gn 30:14 ) — pl. דּוּ ָדאִים cf. Ew 189 g
Sta § § 301. 122
) Gn
30:14 Ct 7:14 ; cstr. ֵי דּוּ ָדאGn 30:14 + 3 times;— mandrakes , as exciting sexual
desire, and favouring procreation Gn 30:14 ( ×2 ) , 15 ( ×2 ) , 16 ( J ); also Ct 7:14
where odour referred to. On ֵי דּוּ ָדאJe 24:1 vessels, baskets , v. דּוּד.
† דּוּד S 1731
TWOT 410e
GK 1857
n. m. Je 24:2 pot, jar ( Aramaic ָא
דּוּד, ;
perhaps cf. Syriac disturb , from the idea of boiling ) — abs. דּוּד 1 S 2:14 + 4
Hbr Hebraica.
times; pl. דּוּדִים 2 K 10:7 , דּוָדִים
ְ 2 Ch 35:13 ; pl. cstr. דּוּ ָדאֵי Je 24:1 — a. pot,
kettle or cooking ( ִשּׁל
ֵ ) בּ1 S 2:14 ( || פָּרוּר, ַק ַלּחַת, ) כִּיּוֹר, 2 Ch 35:13 ( vb. ִשּׁל
ֵבּ
, || ָחוֹת
ַצלּ, ) סִירוֹת, cf. Jb 41:12 ; b. receptacle for carrying, all Vrss basket , 2 K
10:7 (heads of king’s sons), Je 24:2 ( ×2 )
(figs) cf. דּוּ ָדאֵי Je 24:1 , as if from a II. [
;] דּוּדַי ψ 81:7 (clay or bricks, || ֶל
) ֵסב.
† ְדּוַי S 1741
TWOT 411a
GK 1867
֑ ְדּו
n. [ m. ] illness , ָי ֶערֶשׂψ 41:4 bed of
languishing ( Che ); sg. cstr. ( Ew De Di ) ָה
ִכּ ְדוֵי ַל ְחמִי ֵהמּJb 6:7 they (i.e. my
sufferings) are like disease ( VB loathsomeness ) in my meat , cf. Di ; but text dub.
† ָדּוֶה S 1739
TWOT 411b
GK 1865
adj. faint, unwell — דּוֶה
ָ La 5:17 , f. ָדּוָה Lv
15:33 = 3 times; 1. faint , La 1:13 ( || ָה
) שֹׁ ֵממ5:17 . 2. unwell, menstruous Lv
15:33 ; 20:18 ; Is 30:22 ָדּוָהperhaps = ְכּלִי ָדוָה De .
I. † [ דוֶה
ְ ַמS 4064
TWOT 411c
GK 4504
] n. m. Dt 7:15 sickness — cstr. sg.
ַמ ְדוֵה ִמ ְצ ַריִם Dt 28:60 (read דוֵי
ְ ַמpl. , as 7:15 ?); cstr. pl. ַמ ְדוֵי ִמ ְצ ַריִם Dt 7:15
(both || ִי ) ֳחל.
† [ דּוַּי
ַ ] adj. faint ( on form cf. Ba NB 487
) — ַ֑דּוָּי Is 1:5 + 2 times— faint ,
always of heart Is 1:5 ( || ִי
ָל ֳחלfig. of condition of people); Je 8:18 La 1:22 of
sorrow and distress.
† דְּיוֹ S 1773
TWOT 411e
GK 1902
n. m. ink ( NH id. , Aramaic ָא
דְּיוּת, ; Arabic
inkbottle, inkhorn; Ges - Dietr Fl NHWB i. 41
der. from √ דוהin assumed sense of
slowly flowing; Fl comp. Arabic thin skin on surface of milk , cf. also Ol § 173 g
),
כֹּתֵב עַל־ ַה ֵסּפֶר ַבּדְּי֑וֹ וַ ֲאנִי Je 36:18 , cf. Lag Ges . Abh. 216
.—On erasible quality of
†[ דּוּ ַחS 1740
TWOT 412
GK 1866
, דִּי ַחvb. rinse, cleanse away by rinsing,
washing ( NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. id. ; cf. Assyrian dîḫu Dl Pr 177
) — Hiph. Pf.
sf. הדיחנו Kt Je 51:34 Qr ֱהדִי ָ ֑חנִיbut read ִהדִּיחניfrom ( נדחHi , cf. 50:17 );
Impf. 3 ms. ח ַ יָדִיIs 4:4 ; 3 mpl. ִיחוּ יָד2 Ch 4:6 + Ez 40:38 ( Co conj. ַה ָקּדִים
);— 1. rinse , victims to be offered in sacrifice Ez 40:38 , so 2 Ch 4:6 ( cf. supr. ) 2.
fig. cleanse by washing Is 4:4 , of removing guilt.
†[ך
ְ דּוּS 1743
TWOT 413
GK 1870
] vb. pound, beat (in mortar) ( NH &
Aramaic id. , Arabic ; cf. also Assyrian dâku, kill COT Gloss.
) .— Qal Pf. 3 pl.
( דָּכוּ֮ ַבּמְּדֹכָהmilra ) Nu 11:8 ( || חיִם
ַ ָב ֵר ) טָֽחֲנוּ.
† מְדֹכָה S 4085
TWOT 413a
GK 4521
n. f. mortar , Nu 11:8 .
† דּוּכִיפַת S 1744
TWOT 414
GK 1871
n. f. an unclean bird, perhaps hoopoe ,
B Saad al. ( cf. Di Kn Lv 11:19 ) Lv 11:19 Dt 14:18 . Name of bird: poss. of
Egypt. origin, Bondi ZMG 1 (1896), 292 (Arabic, Ol § 221 cf. Kö E.T. ix (1898), 476 ).
דוםTWOT 415
( NH דוםspread slander , perhaps orig. whisper , cf. דמם, דממה
).
† I. ָה
דּוּמS 1745 , 1746
TWOT 415a
GK 1872 , 1873 , 1874
n. f. silence ;— = ד׳ ְשׁאוֹל
ψ 94:17 , ד׳ יֹ ְרדֵי ψ 115:17 ; also Is 21:11 ַשּׂא דּוּמָה
ָ מoracle of silence , i.e. of
concealment, hidden meaning, according to Ew Di , but v. II. ד׳, 3.
† II. ָה
דּוּמS 1745 , 1746 TWOT 415a GK 1872 , 1873 , 1874 n.pr. 1. m. son of Ishmael
Gn 25:15 = 1 Ch 1:30 , cf. prob. Dûmath al-Jandal in Northern Arabia in Jôf v.
† מיָּה
ִ דּוּS 1747 TWOT 415b GK 1875 , ( ֻדּ ִמיָּהψ 65:2 ) n. f. silence, still
waiting, repose — ψ 39:3 silence; 62:2 still waiting, resignation ( Dr § 189. 2 ; but
read prob., as v 6 , מּי
ִ ֹ דּ, Bi Gr Che ); 65:2 id. (but Ew Che Bä al. דֹּ ִמיָּה
is meet? from I. ָה
ָדּמ, πρέπει , v. Che ); 22:3 repose (from grief and tears: Je
14:17 ).
† ָם דּוּמS 1748 TWOT 415c GK 1876 n. [ m. ] silence Hb 2:19 ֶאבֶן ד׳stone of
silence = dumb stone; adv. in silence, silently , Is 47:5 La 3:26 (? read here
וְָדמַםfrom ) דמם.
† [ דּוּןS 1777
TWOT 426
GK 1879
] n. [ m. ] dub. ; Qr Jb 19:29 ; ַשׁדּיּ֯ן v. דִּין
n.
†[ דּוּץS 1750
TWOT 416
GK 1881
] vb. spring, leap, dance ( Aramaic דּוּץbe
joyous , , leap, dance, be joyous; Arabic med. י, decline, slip or move about, glide to and
fro; Dl Pr 65, 66
comp. Assyrian dâṣu , withdraw, retreat , but cf. Nö ZMG 1886, 730
)—
Qal Impf. 3 fs. תָּדוּץ דְּאָבָה Jb 41:14 before him danceth dismay .
† ָדּיֵק S 1785
TWOT 417a
GK 1911
n. m. bulwark, siege-wall — דּיֵק
ָ 2 K 25:1 +
5 times— סביב בנה ד׳ עליה2 K 25:1 = Je 52:4 ; cf. Ez 4:2 ; 17:17 ; 21:27
(all || ָה
נתן ד׳ על ;) שׁפך סֹ ֲללEz 26:8 ( || id. )
Giesebr F. Giessebrecht.
ZAW Z. f. alttest. Wissenschaft .
Che Id. , Origin and Religious Contents of the Psalter.
Marti K. Marti.
Brd C. Brendenkamp.
Bö F. Böttcher, Ährenlese , or NeueÄhrenlese .
Or C. von Orelli.
Jastr Marcus Jastrow, Dict of Targumim, Talmud, etc.; also Morris Jastrow, Jr.
PAOS Proceedings of the American Oriental Society.
דּוֹר, Aramaic (incl. Biblical Aramaic) דָּר, , age, generation; Arabic gyrus, orbis,
periodus; Sab. דר, one time, once , דרם דרםeach once in a year DHM in MV )
— abs. דּוֹרGn 7:1 + 68 times; דֹּרEx 3:15 ; + 36 t.; cstr. דּוֹרDt 32:20 + 7
times, דֹּרEx 3:15 ; sf. ִי דּוֹרIs 38:12 , דּוֹרוֹIs 53:8 ; pl. דּוֹרִיםψ 72:5 + 2
times, דֹּרוֹתabs. Jb 42:16 Is 41:4 ; cstr. Ju 3:2 ; דּוֹרוֹתcstr. Is 51:9 , דֹּרֹת
Gn 9:12 ; sf. ָיו דֹּרֹתGn 6:9 Lv 25:30 , דּוֹרוֹתֵינוּJos 22:27 , דֹּרֹתֵינוּv 28 ,
דֹרֹתֵיכֶםGn 17:12 + 27 times, דֹּרֹתָםGn 17:7 + 10 times;— 1. period, age,
generation , mostly poet.: a. of duration in the past, former age ( s ) ִים דּוֹרוֹת עוֹ ָלמ
Is 51:9 ( || שׁנוֹת דֹּר וָדֹר ;) קדם ימי ְ Dt 32:7 (song; || בְּדֹר וָדֹר ;) ימות עולם
ψ 90:1 ( cf. v 2 ); ֵי דּוֹר־וָדוֹר מוֹ ְסדIs 58:12 ( || שֹׁמֲמוֹת דּוֹר ;) חרבות עולם
וָדוֹר61:4 ( || id. ) b. usually of duration to come, future age ( s ), דֹּר לְדֹרEx
3:15 ( E ; || ) לעולםcf. Pr 27:24 Kt (Qr ְדוֹר || ; וָדוֹר לid. ); מִדֹּר דֹּרEx 17:16
( E ), = ָדוֹר מִדּוֹר לIs 34:10 ; לְדֹר וָדֹרψ 10:6 ; 33:11 ( || ) לעולם49:12 ;
79:13 ; 85:6 ; 102:13 ; 119:90 ; 135:13 ; 146:10 Jo 4:20 (all || id. ); ψ 89:2 ( ||
) עולם89:5 ( || ) עד־עולם106:31 ( || id. ) Is 34:17 ( || id. ); ψ 77:9 ( || ;) לנצח
עַד־דֹּר וָדֹרψ 100:5 ( || ) לעולםIs 13:20 ( || ) לנצחJe 50:39 ( || id. ); וָדֹּר
ְבּכָל־דֹּרψ 45:18 ( || ) לעולם ועדcf. Est 9:28 ; וָדֹר ְשׁנוֹתָיו כְּמוֹ דֹרψ 61:7
cf. שׁנֵי דּוֹר וָדוֹר
ְ Jo 2:2 ( || ;) העולםas modifying phrase מְשׂוֹשׂ דּוֹר וָדוֹרIs
60:15 ( || ;) גאון עולםfurther ִים דּוֹר דּוֹרψ 72:5 ; 102:25 ; יְשׁוּ ָעתִי לְדוֹר דּוֹרִיםIs
51:8 ( || ) לעולם. c. apparently including both past and future ךָ בְּדוֹר דּוֹרִים ְשׁנוֹתֶי
ψ 102:25 ; ָל דּוֹר וָדֹר ְבּכψ 145:13 ; לְדוֹר וָדוֹרLa 5:19 . 2. of men living at a
particular time (period, age), generation , as transitory ָא
דּוֹר הֹ ֵל ְך וְדוֹר בּEc 1:4 :
specific. a. in the present, and (or) the past Gn 7:1 ( J ) Ex 1:6 ( P ) Nu 32:13 (JE)
Dt 1:35 ; 2:14 Ju 2:10 ( ×2 ) Is 53:8 ( cf. Che crit. n. ) Je 2:31 ; also ψ 95:10 Jb
8:8 Is 41:4 . b. Ju 3:2 (present & future); cf. pl. ָיו דֹּרֹתGn 6:9 (i.e. his own
gen. and those immediately contiguous, before and after). c. especially of a future
generation Gn 15:16 (JE), with numeral, cf. Dt 23:3 , 4 , 9 ; also Dt 29:21 ψ
48:14 ; 71:18 ; 78:4 , 6 ; 102:19 ; 109:13 Jo 1:3 cf. ψ 22:31 , 32 ( Che crit. n.
); of a succession of generations ְדוֹר ֲשׂי ָך דּוֹר ל
ֶ ְשׁבַּח ַמע
ַ יψ 145:4 ; ְבּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר
Est 9:28 ; usually pl. לְדֹרֹת עוֹלָםGn 9:12 ( P ); with num. ְל ֶאלֶף דּוֹרψ 105:8
( || = ) עולם 1 Ch 16:15 ( || ;) לעולםDt 7:9 ; v. further, of posterity, ָה
אַ ְר ָבּע
דֹּרוֹת Jb 42:16 ; usually pl. c. sf. Gn 17:7 , 9 , 12 Ex 12:14 , 17 , 42 ; 16:32
, 33 ; 27:21 ; 29:42 ; 30:8 , 10 , 21 , 31 ; 31:13 , 16 ; 40:15 Lv 3:17 ; 6:11 ;
7:36 ; 10:9 (all P ); 17:7 ; 21:17 ; 22:3 ; 23:14 , 21 , 31 , 41 , 43 ; 24:3 ; 25:30
(all H ); Nu 9:10 ; 10:8 ; 15:14 , 15 , 21 , 23 , 38 ; 18:23 ; 35:29 Jos 22:27 , 28
num. number.
(all P ). 3. generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men: ֵשׁ דּוֹר ִעקּ
( ×2 )
crooked generation Dt 32:5 (song) cf. v 20 ψ 78:8 Je 7:29 ; of diff. classes
of wicked, Pr 30:11 , 12 , 13 , 14 cf. ψ 12:8 ; of the righteous, as a class ψ 14:5 ;
24:6 ; 73:15 ( ך דּוֹר ָ ) ָבּנֶי112:2 ( cf. 22:31 MT , but < Che joins לדורto v 32
cf. supr. sub 2 c ); so also ָיו
אֲבוֹת דּוֹרi.e. the dead ψ 49:20 (so most; yet v.
infr. sub 4 ). 4. dwelling-place, habitation Is 38:12 cf. דּוּר vb. , so Saad Ki Ges
De Che RVm ( Ew life || חיַּי
ַ ); so also ψ 49:20 De Witt, cf. Che OP 479
.
n.pr.loc. (
Ph. ; דארcuneif. Du’ru KG 121 COT on Jos 17:11 ) city in Manasseh,
on Mediterr., S. of Carmel (9 Roman miles N. of Caesarea, cf. Lag Onom. 115, 2nd ed.
149
), דּוֹרJos 12:23 ; ה
ָ דּוֹר וּבְנוֹתֶיJu 1:27 1 Ch 7:29 = דֹּאר וּב׳Jos 17:11 ;
נָפַת דּוֹר Jos 12:23 = ַת דֹּאר נָפ1 K 4:11 ; נָפוֹת דּוֹרJos 11:2 ( cf. ;) נפהmod.
Ṭanṭura ( Ṭorṭura ) Wilson Lands of Bible ii. 249
vandeVelde Narrat. i. 333 Bd Pal 233 cf. Di
Jos 11:2 . On )ֵין־דֹּר(דּוֹר
עv. sub ַעיִן.
† מְדוּרָה S 4071
TWOT 418c
GK 4509
n. f. pile (of wood, etc.) ם׳Ez 24:9 ;
ְמ ֻד ָרתָהּ אֵשׁ ועצים הרבה Is 30:33 = pyre (so Ges Hi De Che Brd ; Ew Di
its circuit, compass ).
† ַ ֫דּיִשׁ S 1786
TWOT 419a
GK 1912
n. m. threshing , i.e. the process of threshing,
Lv 26:5 ( H ) ִיר
אֶת־ ָבּצ ִשּׂיג ָלכֶם ד׳
ִ וְה.
† [ ֻשֿׁה
ָ ְמדS 4098
TWOT 419b
GK 4536
] n. f. that which is threshed ; sf.
ֻשֿׁתִי
ָ ְמד Is 21:10 ( || רנִי
ְ ) בֶּן־ָגּfig. in address to Israel by prophet.
† I. ִישֹׁן
דּS 1788
TWOT 419c
GK 1913
n. [ m. ] a clean animal, πύγαργος
cf. B ; hence AV RV & most pygarg , a kind of antelope or gazelle, cf. Di Lv
11:2 f. ; perhaps rather mountain-goat , Hom NS 391 cf. Ethiopic Vrs.; only Dt 14:5
— ( Hom l.c. der. from √ דושׁwith kindred meaning of spring, leap & comp.
Assyrian daššu; so already Dl S i. 54
).
† ִישׁן
ָ דּ S 1789
GK 1915
n.pr. m. a son of Seir ִישׁ֑ן
ָ דּGn 36:21 ( ῾Ρισών ; so
v 28 , 30 cf. Di ) 1 Ch 1:38 ; ( v 42 read ִישׁוֹן
דּq.v. ) Gn 36:26 (read דִּישׁוֹן
S B Ol Di ) v 30 ִדּיָ֖שׁן Gn 36:28 .
ָדּחָהS 1760
TWOT 420
GK 1890
vb. push, thrust ( NH id. Aramaic ִי
ְדּח, ְדּחָא, ;
cf. also Arabic spread, extend , also throw, propel ) — Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. ְדּחִי ַתנִי ψ
Stu G. Studer.
Hom F. Hommel.
Ol J. Olshausen.
118:13 ; Inf. cstr. ִלדְחוֹת דָּחֹהψ 118:13 ; Pt. act. דֹּחֶהψ 35:5
ψ 140:5 ; abs.
(read ָם דֹּח De Che ); pass. f. ְחוּיָה
ַהדּψ 62:4 ;— push , דָּחֹה ָדחָהpush
violently fig. c. acc. ψ 118:13 sq. cl. of purpose לנְפֹּל ִ , cf. ִלדְחוֹת פעמיψ 140:5
( Che trip up my feet ), & ψ 35:5 (transp. דחהwith רדפםv 6 and read ָם דֹּח ;
cf. ַקֹּת יְהִי־דרכם חשׁך וַ ֲח ַל ְקלv a, and Je 23:12 ); pushed in ( Che ), in sim. , pt.
pass. , said of גָּדֵרwall ψ 62:4 ( || ) קיר נטוי. Niph. Impf. ֶה יִָדּחPr 14:32 ; (3 mpl.
יִַדּ֫חוּJe 23:12 is from דחח, if rightly pointed; נְִדחֵיIs 11:12 ; 56:8 ψ 147:2 , v. sub
—;) נדחbe thrust or cast down , fig. of wicked Pr 14:32 , cf. ψ 35:5 supr. Pu. Pf. 3
pl. דֹּחוּψ 36:13 they are thrust down ( || ) לא יכלו קום & נפלו.
† [ ִי
ְדּחS 1762 TWOT 420a
GK 1892
] n. [ m. ] stumbling ַי
ִה ַצּ ְל ָתּ … ַרְגל ֑ ִמדּ
ֶחי ψ
56:14 = 116:8 .
[ ָדּחַחS 1760
TWOT 420 , 421
GK 1891
] vb. only Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. ( יִַדּ֫חוּKö i 377
† ֫
דֹּחַן S 1764
TWOT 422a
GK 1893
n. m. millet ( NH
דּוֹחַןAramaic ) דּחִינָא,
ד׳ Ez 4:9 in the series ָשׁים
ִ וּשׂעֹרִים וּפוֹל וַ ֲעד
ְ וְד׳ וְֻכ ְסּמִים ִחטִּיןv. Löw 72 .
†[ ָדּחַףS 1765
TWOT 423
GK 1894
] vb. drive, hasten (late) ( NH id. , Aramaic
— ) ְדּחַףQal Pt. דְּחוּפִיםof runners Est 3:15 ; 8:14 ( || ) מְבֹ ָהלִים. Niph.
pass. pl.
Pf. hasten one’s self, hurry ֶל־
נְִדחַף אEst 6:12 ; נְִדחַף ָלצֵאת2 Ch 26:20 ( || ) בהל.
act. active.
† [ ָה
ַמ ְד ֵחפS 4073
TWOT 423a
GK 4511
] n. f. thrust , ψ 140:12 ְל ַמ ְדחֵפֹת
( יְצוּדֶנּוּevil ) shall hunt him with thrust upon thrust ( Che , cf. De ).
†[ ָדּחַקS 1766
TWOT 424
GK 1895
] vb. thrust, crowd, oppress ( NH id. , Arabic
drive away, remove , Aramaic ַק
ְדּח, ) — Qal Impf. ֔ יְִדחthrust, crowd , of locusts in
ָקוּן
swarm Jo 2:8 ; Pt. act. pl. sf. לֹ ֲחצֵיהֶם וְדֹ ֲחקִיהֶםJu 2:18 (because of) them that
maltreated and oppressed them .
דִּיג S 1770
TWOT 401c
GK 1899
, דּיָּג
ַS 1771
TWOT 401d
GK 1900
v. sub דגה.
ַדּיָּה S 1772
TWOT 394b
GK 1901
v. sub דאה.
דְּיוֹ S 1773
TWOT 411e
GK 1902
v. sub דוה.
† דִּימוֹן S 1775
GK 1904
n.pr.loc. = דִּיבוֹז1, q.v.
† דִּין S 1777 , 1778 , 1779 , 1780 TWOT 2674 , 426 , 426a GK 1878 , 1906 , 1907 vb. judge ( cf.
Arabic intrans. to be obedient, submissive , trans. requite, compensate, rule, govern ,
obedience, abasement, recompense , requiter, governor , city; Assyrian dânu , Impf.
idı̂n , judge , Aramaic יְדִין ( דָּן, ) יְדוּןSyriac judge, exercise judgment, punish , דּיָּינָא ִ,
judge , ִינָא
דּ, judgment , city; —on √ ́ ע׳יv. Nö ZMG 1883, 533
) , syn. — ָשׁפַטQal Pf.
דָּןJe 22:16 , etc.; Impf. יָדִיןGn 49:16 + 9 times, יָדוֹןGn 6:3 cf. infr. , etc.; Imv.
דִּיןPr 31:9 Jb 35:14 ; דִּינוּJe 21:12 ; Inf. ָלדִיןψ 50:4 + 2 times; Pt. דָּןGn 15:14
Je 30:13 ;— 1. act as judge, minister judgment , of God ידין עמוDt 32:36 (poet. = ψ
135:14 ) ψ 50:4 ; דין עמיםψ 7:9 ; 96:10 Is 3:13 ; ִים יָדִין ֵישׁר
ָ ְל ֻאמִּים ְבּמψ 9:9 ;
Messianic king ψ 72:2 . 2. plead the cause , a. of men, usually c. acc. cogn. , ֵין־דָּן א
דִּינֵ ְךthere is none to plead thy cause Je 30:13 ; ד׳ דִּין יָתוֹםplead cause of orphan Je
5:28 ; ָני ואביון ד׳ דין עJe 22:16 ; also acc. cogn. om., Pr 31:9 . b. of God, ָדּנַנִּי
אֱלֹהִיםGod has pled my cause Gn 30:6 ( E ). 3. execute judgment, vindicate , in battle
against enemies, ַמּוֹ ָדּן יָדִין עDan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people ( v. Di )
Gn 49:16 (poet.); the Messianic king בגויםψ 110:6 ; god, ִינֵנִי ִבּגְבוּרָֽ ְת ָך ְתדin thy
might judge me (vindicate me) ψ 54:3 . 4. execute judgment, requite , of man, ִינוּ דּ
ִשׁפָּט ְ לַבֹּקֶר מexecute judgment every morning Je 21:12 ; of God, upon Egypt Gn
15:14 ( E ); עמיםby means of powers of nature Jb 36:31 ; אפסי ארץ1 S 2:10 (poet.)
5. govern , ִי אַתָּה ָתּדִין אֶת־בֵּיתthou shalt govern my house Zc 3:7 . 6. לֹא־יוּכַל ָלדִין
עִםhe cannot contend with one mightier than he Ec 6:10 . Niph. Pt. וַיְהִי כָל־ ָהעָם נָדוֹן
ִשׂ ָראֵל ְ ָל־שׁ ְבטֵי י
ִ ְבּכand all the people were at strife througout all the tribes of Israel 2 S
19:10 (reciprocal, cf. Dr .)
Note .— ָם
לְעֹל לֹא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם Gn 6:3 cp. perhaps continue, do
SK lxvii (1894), 211 f.
something continually , in mod. Egyptian Arabic ( So ).is difficult. (1)
B S Onk read ידורor ( Kue ) ילוןabide in, dwell,—My spirit will not abide in
man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dub. (2) Kn De
Schr RVm render rule in , supported by Zc 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be
† דָּן S 1835
GK ( judge ) — 1. son of Jacob and Bilhah Gn
1968 , 1969
n.pr. m.
30:6 ; 35:25 Ex 1:4 Jos 19:47 Ju 18:29 1 Ch 2:2 . 2. the tribe of Dan, ֵה דָן
ַמטּ
Ex 31:6 ; 35:34 ; 38:23 Lv 24:11 Nu 1:39 ; 13:12 Jos 21:5 , 23 (all P ); בּנֵי דָן
ְ
Gn 46:23 Nu 1:38 ; 2:25 ; 7:66 ; 10:25 ; 26:42 ; 34:22 Jos 19:40 , 47 ( ×2 ) , 48
(all P ) Ju 1:34 18:2 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 30 ; חנֵה דָן
ֲ ַמNu 2:25 , 31 ( P )—
on Ju 13:25 ; 18:12 v. חנֶה ֲ ִשׁפְּחֹת דָּן ; ַמ
ְ מNu 26:42 ( P ); דָּןalone in poetry Gn
( ×2 )
49:16 , 17 Dt 33:22 Ju 5:17 , elsewhere Nu 1:12 ( P ) Dt 27:13 1 Ch 27:22
2 Ch 2:13 Ez 48:1 , 2 , 32 . 3. a city on northern frontier of Israel at one of the
Str H. L. Strack.
Theod Theodotion.
Siegf C. Siegfried.
sources of the Jordan, originally ליִשׁ ַ Ju 18:29 ( cf. v 7 ); = ֶשׁםֶ לJos 19:47 ;
captured by a colony of Danites; named Dan, and made a sacred place with rites of
worship that lasted until the exile ( Ju 18:30 ); = Tell el Kâdî , Rob BR iii. 351, 358 Bd
Pal 265
. This place is frequently referred to: Gn 14:14 Dt 34:1 1 K 12:29 , 30 ;
15:20 2 K 10:29 2 Ch 16:4 Je 4:15 ; 8:16 Am 8:14 : read also בדָן ֵ וּfor וְכֵן2 S
20:18 Ew We cf. Dr ; and v. the phrase ַע
ֶשׁב ִמדָּן וְעַד־ ְבּאֵרJu 20:1 1 S
3:20 2 S 3:10 ; 17:11 ; 24:2 , 15 1 K 5:5 ; given by Chr ַע וְעַד־דָּן ִמ ְבּאֵר ֶשׁכ1
Ch 21:2 2 Ch 30:5 . ( Ez 27:19 v. ודן.)
† ָדּנִי S 1839
GK 1974
adj. gent. always c. art. as n.pr. coll. ַה ָדּנִי 1 Ch 12:35 ;
ֵשׁבֶט ַה ָדּנִי Ju 18:1 , 30 ; דנִי
ָ ַה ִשׁ ַפּחַת
ְמ Ju 13:2 ; 18:11 .
† I. ָדוֹן
מS 4066 , 4067 , 4068 , 4079 , 4090
TWOT 1146d , 426c
GK 4506 , 4507 , 4517
n. m. Pr
22:10 strife, contention — ψ 80:7 + 9 times; pl. ִמ ְדיָנִיםPr 18:18 , ִמ ְד֯וָנִיםPr
18:9 + 7 times; contracted into דנִים
ָ ְמPr 6:19 ; 10:12 , דנִ֯יםֳ ִמPr 6:14 ; cstr. ִמ ְדיְנֵי
Palm. Palmyrene.
Vog C. J. M. de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale.
Pr 19:13 . 1. strife, contention , alm. wholly Pr:— Pr 18:19 ; 23:29 ; 26:20 ; also
17:14 ( || ִיב
) ר, 22:10 ( || ִשּׂא ;) דִּין וְקָלוֹן
ָ ם׳ יHb 1:3 contention ariseth ( || ;) ריב
שׁלּח ם׳let loose strife Pr 6:14 , 19 ; 16:28 ; ם׳ יְגָרֶהhe stirreth up strife 15:18 ;
28:25 ; 29:22 ; note especially דוָ֯נִים
ְ ִמ אִישׁ 26:21 = a contentious, quarrelsome
man; oftener ם׳ ֵשׁת
ֶא = a contentious woman 21:9 ; 25:24 ; 27:15 , cf. ֵשׁת ם׳
ֶא
וָָכ֑עַס 21:19 . 2. object of contention ψ 80:7 , cf. אִישׁ מָדוֹן Je 15:10 ( || ִיב
אִישׁ ר
).—On ָדוֹן
מ2 S 21 :??? Qr , v. I. ִמדָּהsub מדד.
ִמ ְדיָן
S 4067 , 4080 TWOT 1146d GK 4518 n.pr. m. 1. son of Abraham and Keturah
Gn 25:2 , 4 ( J ) 1 Ch 1:32 , 33 . 2. an Arabian tribe Gn 36:35 ( = 1 Ch 1:46 )
Nu 31:3 ( ×2 ) , 7 , 8 ( ×2 ) , 9 ( P ) Ju 6–9 (31 times); having a ֵן
( כֹּהas chieftain?)
Ex 2:16 ; 3:1 ; 18:1 ( E ); זקניםNu 22:4 , 7 (JE), ) נשׂיא(ימNu 25:18 ( P ) Jos
13:21 ( P ), שׂריםJu 7:25 ; 8:3 , מלכיםNu 31:8 ( ×2 )
Ju 5:5 , 12 , 26 ; ִבּ ְכרֵי
ִמ ְדיָןdromedaries of Midian Is 60:6 ; דיָן
ְ ִמ יוֹםday of Midian Is 9:3 (the victory
over Midian Ju 7–8 ) cf. 10:26 ψ 83:10 . 3. ֶץ
ִמ ְדיָן ֶארthe land of Midian Ex 2:15
( E ) Hb 3:7 ; דיָןְ ִמEx 4:19 ( J ) Nu 25:15 ( P ) 1 K 11:18 ; land of Ælantic gulf
(where Arabic geographers still place town ). Cf. on Midian, Glaser Skizze ii. 447 ff. ;
Hom Aufsätze i. (1892), 4 f.
† דִּיפַת S 7384
GK 1910
n.pr. m. a son of Gomer son of Japhet 1 Ch 1:6 ; but read
prob. ַת
( רִיפq.v. ); Ερειφαθ, ῾Ριφαε ; L Ριφαθ ; || Gn 10:3 רִיפַת
῾Ριφαθ, Εριφαθ .
ָדּיֵק S 1785
TWOT 417a
GK 1911
v. sub דוק.
†[ ָדּכָאS 1792
TWOT 427
GK 1917
] vb. crush , poet. ( Assyrian dakû, crush ,
Muss-Arnolt ) not in Qal ;— Niph. Pt. נְִד ָכּאִיםIs 57:15 ;— crushed , fig.
Hbr Oct. 1890, 66
= contrite ones . Pi. Pf. ָא ִדּכּψ 143:3 ; 2 ms. ִדּכִּא ָתψ 89:11 ; Impf. וִי ַדכֵּאψ 72:4
; 2 ms. ֵא ְתּ ַדכּPr 22:22 ( juss. ); יְַד ְכּאוּψ 94:5 , ְתּ ַדכְּאוּIs 3:15 ; sf. וִי ַד ְכּ ֵאנִיJb 6:9 ,
יְַדכְּאוּםJb 4:19 ; 2 mpl. וּ ְתדַכּאוּנַּנִיJb 19:2 (so Bae???, v. his ed. p. 44 , cf.
Norzi); Inf. ֵא ְל ַדכּLa 3:34 ; sf. ַדּכְּאוֹIs 53:10 ;— crush , ( fig. ) c. acc. one’s life to
the earth ψ 143:3 , Egypt ψ 89:11 ( cf. De Che ; י׳subj.), servant of Yahweh Is 53:10
( י׳subj.), Jb 6:9 הּ וִיד׳ ַ ; וְיֹאֵל אֱלוֹoppressor ψ 72:4 , God’s people ψ 94:5 ( || ) יְעַנּוּ,
Is 3:15 , cf. Pr 22:22 illegally in tribunal, La 3:34 ( ד׳ תחת רגליוin all human
oppressor subj.); crush me ִים ְבּ ִמלּJb 19:2 (Job’s friends, subj.; || ְשׁי
ִ ;) תּוֹגְיוּן נַפnever
lit., not even Jb 4:19 ( ְאוּם יְַדכּ, with indef. subj.), for suff. ref. not to בָּֽתֵּי־חֹמֶר, but
Cooke G. A. Cooke.
Bev A. A. Bevan.
Muss-Arnolt W. Muss-Arnolt.
rather to כנֵי
ְ ֹ שׁ, i.e. men inhabiting the clay houses, bodies, cf. Di . Pu. Pf. ֻדּכְּאוּ Je
44:10 ; Impf. יְֻדכָּא Jb 22:9 ; Pt. ְמ ֻדכָּא Is 53:5 , ִים
ְמ ֻד ָכּאIs 19:10 ;— crushed ,
broken in pieces, shattered Jb 22:9 c. obj. fem. ; זרועות Is 19:10 subj. שׁתוֹת
ָ (here
metaphor. for nobles); fig. of servant of י׳Is 53:5 ; made humble, contrite Je 44:10 .
Hithp. Impf. יִַדּכְּאוּ Jb 5:4 , כּ֑אוּ
ָ יִַדּJb 34:25 — must let themselves be crushed , i.e.
maltreated Jb 5:4 (in court בשׁער, cf. Pi. Pr 22:22 ); are crushed Jb 34:25 (the
mighty, by God).
† I. ָא
ַדּכּS 1793
TWOT 427a , 427b
GK 1918 , 1919
adj. contrite (crushed)— ָא
ַדּכּIs
57:15 ; ֵי
ַדּ ְכּאψ 34:19 — contrite Is 57:15 ( || רוּ ַח ;) ְשׁפַל־רוּ ַה ד׳ ψ 34:19 ( ||
ִשׁ ְבּרֵי־לֵב
ְ ) נ.
†[ ָדּכָהS 1794
TWOT 428
GK 1920
] vb. crush (only ψ );— Qal ח ( ודכה
ַ ֹ ) יָשׁψ
10:10 Kt is read as Qal Pf. וְָד ָכה consec. by RobGes Ol De al. , i.e. and he is
crushed , or and he croucheth ( Qr יְִדכֶּה Impf. so AV RV he croucheth ); others read
( וְָדכֶה יָשֹׁ ַחadj. intrans. or passive) and crushed he sinketh down , cf. VB Che ;
possible wd. be ֶה יִָדּכNiph. ( || יָשֹׁ ַחand ) ונפל. Niph. Pf. וְנִ ְד ֵ ֫כּיתִיψ 38:9 ; Pt. נְִדכֶּה
ψ 51:19 ;— be crushed, broken , of physical distress ψ 38:9 ( || ִי ;) נְפוּגֹתbe contrite (
) לֵב נְִדכֶּהψ 51:19 ( || ִשׁבָּר ְ ) נ. Pi. Pf. ִדכִּי ָתψ 51:10 ; sf. ִדכִּיתָנוּψ 44:20 ; crush
down , of divine wrath; c. acc. ψ 44:20 , and crush to pieces , obj. ref. to עצמות, in
metaph. ψ 51:10 .— דָּכוּNu 11:8 v. דוך.
† [ ִי
ֳדּכS 1796
TWOT 428a
GK 1922
] n. [ m. ] ( crushing ), pounding of waves,
sf. ישׂאו נהרות ָדּ ְכיָם ψ 93:3 of ocean.
דכךTWOT 429
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic Aramaic ך
ְ ְדּ ַכ, NH in deriv.; v. also דכא,
) דכה
obj. object.
wd. word, also would.
† ַדּ ְך S 1790
TWOT 429a
GK 1916
ְ ַדּ74:21 , ָ ֑דּ ְךψ
adj. crushed, oppressed — ך
9:10 ; 10:18 ; pl. sf. ַדּ ָכּ֑ו Pr 26:28 (Baer; edd. al. —) ַדּכָּיוpoet.; always fig. ,
oppressed, distressed ψ 9:10 , 10:18 ( || ) יתום74:21 ( || ענִי
ָ and ;) אביון Pr 26:28
ַדּכָּו = those crushed by it (a lying tongue).
† ָה ַדּכּS 1795 TWOT 429b GK 1921 n. f. crushing , פְּצוּעַ־ ַדּכָּהDt 23:2 one
wounded by crushing (viz. of testicles).
דָּל S 1817
TWOT 431a
GK 1923
, ַל
דּS 1800 , 1817
TWOT 431a , 433a
GK 1923 , 1924
n.
door , v. sub דלה.
†[ ָדּ ַלגS 1801
TWOT 430
GK 1925
] vb. leap ( NH spring over, skip (a verse), omit
) — Qal Pt. דּוֹלֵג Zp 1:9 leap , c. art. one leaping ָן
; על־ ַה ִמּ ְפתּ 1 S 5:5
ὑπερβαίνοντες ὑπερβαίνουσιν = דָּלֹג יִדְלֹ֑גוּcf. Dr . Pi. Impf. יְַדלֵּגIs 35:6 ; ֲא ַדלֶּג־
ψ 18:30 = 2 S 22:30 ; Pt. ֵג ְמ ַדלּCt 2:8 ;— leap, leap over c. acc. שׁוּרψ 18:30 =
2 S 22:30 ; abs. leap as the stag , ח ַ יְד׳ כָּאַיָּל ִפּ ֵסּIs 35:6 ; sq. עלof locality Ct 2:8 ( ||
) ְמ ַקפֵּץ.
† [ ָה
ָדּלS 1802 , 1817
TWOT 431 , 431a , 431b
GK 1926 , 1927 , 1928
] n. f. door , only Qr
( ְדּ ָלתְֽ ָךKt ) דלתיךIs 26:20 fig. , door of chamber in which people (personified)
hide ( cf. also ֶת ֶדּלdu.).
† ְדּלִי S 1805
TWOT 431c
GK 1932
n. [ m. ] bucket , ִי
ִמ ְדּל ְכּמַרlike a drop
(hanging) from a bucket Is 40:15 ; du. sf. מיִם ַ ִמדָּֽ ְליָו יִזַּל־Nu 24:7 cf. Di (on
§ 180 a & Anm. 3
form dolyāw cf. Ew , also Sta § 52 a ); fig. of Israel’s prosperity.
† [ ִיּוֹת
] ָדּלpl. of [ ] ָדּלִיתn. f. branch, bough , metaph. of Israel under figure
of olive tree ָיו
דָּֽלִיּוֹתJe 11:16 Ez 17:6 , 7 (figure of vine); v 23 (under figure of
cedar); 31:7 , 9 , 12 of Asshur as a cedar, ָיו
ָדּלִיֹּתEz 19:11 Isr. as a vine ( cf.
Löw 65 ).
† ֶ ֫דּלֶת S 1817
TWOT 431a , 431e
GK 1946
n. f. (? m. Ne 13:19 ) door ( NH id. ;
† ָדּלַחS 1804
TWOT 432
GK 1931
vb. make turbid ( Assyrian dalâḫu , disturb ,
Zim BP 81
also in deriv.; Pal. ְדּלֶח fig. be anxious, fear , turbavit, conturbavit ) —
Qal Impf. 2 ms. , ַח
וַ ִתּ ְדלEz 32:2 ; 3 fs. sf. ִתּ ְד ָלחֵם Ez 32:13 + v 13 ( Co
—;) תרפשׂםstir up, trouble, make turbid (always with feet ) sq. מיםEz 32:2 ( ||
ִתּרְפֹּס,— סBaer, and not ;) שׂso 32:13a , b (but v 13b Co reads ( תרפשׂcf. v 2)
for ) תדלחם.
†[ ָדּלַל S 1809 TWOT 433 GK 1937 , 1938 ] vb. hang, be low , languish ( NH Hiph.
thin, thin out vines, etc.; Assyrian dalâlu , be weak, humble Zim BP 74.97 ; Arabic idirect,
guide , be directed, guided; put in motion, commotion; be in motion, hang, dangle; also
amorous, coquettish, gesture or behaviour of women ) — Qal Pf. ִי דַּלֹּתψ 116:6 ,
דַּלּוֹתִי 142:7 ; 1 pl. דַּלּוֹנוּ ψ 79:8 , ֲלוּ
דָּֽל, Is 19:6 , דַּלּוּIs 38:14 Jb 28:4 (on ַדּלְיוּ
Pr 26:7 cf. —;) ָדּלָהhang , ‘ depend ,’ Jb 28:4 (of one descending a miner’s shaft ||
Jerus. Jerusalem.
Jerem A. Jeremias.
;) נָעוּbe low , of streams Is 19:6 ( || ְבוּ
;) דָֽרbe low, brought low , metaph. of distress
ψ 79:8 ; 116:6 ; 142:7 ; languish , of eyes, look languishingly ( Che ) Is 38:14 .— Niph.
Impf. ַל יִדּIs 17:4 , וַיִּדַּלJu 6:6 ,— be brought low, laid low Ju 6:6 fig. of Israel; Is
17:4 of glory of Jacob.
† I. ָה
ַדּלּS 1803
TWOT 433b , 433c
GK 1929 , 1930
n. f. coll. , hair, thrum ( both
from hanging down ) — ָה
ַדּלּIs 38:12 ; cstr. ַדּלַּת Ct 7:6 ;— hair , ראשׁך ד׳Ct
7:6 ; thrum (threads of warp hanging in loom) in sim. of premature death ִמ ַדּלָּה
יְ ַב ְצּ ֵענִי Is 38:12 .
† II. [ ָה
ַדּלּS 1803
TWOT 433b , 433c
GK 1929 , 1930
] n. f. the poor — cstr. ַדּלַּת Je
40:7 + 2 times; pl. ַלּוֹת
דּJe 52:15 , 16 ;— the poor ( coll. , weak, helpless ones) Je
40:7 2 K 24:14 ; 25:12 (in || Je 52:16 , as also v 15 , MT has strangely the pl. )
† ָה ְדּלִילS 1807 GK 1935 n.pr. f. Delila , Philistine woman, mistress of Samson
Ju 16:4 , 6 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 18 .
†[ ָדּלַףS 1811
TWOT 434
GK 1940 , 1941
] vb. drop, drip ( WisdLt .) ( NH id. (
זלףmore common), ֶדּלֶףtrough , etc., Aramaic ְדּלַף, , drip ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs.
† ֶ ֫דּלֶף S 1812
TWOT 434a
GK 1942
n. m. a dropping (of rain, cf. Wetzst
ZPV
xiv. 1891, 5
ִשּׁה ָ ֶדּלֶף טֹרֵד ִמ ְדיְנֵי א
), fig. Pr 19:13 etc.; ֶ ד׳ טוֹרֵד בְּיוֹם ַסְג ִר֑יר וְא
ֵשׁת
ְ ִמ ְדוָ֯נִים נPr 27:15 .
ִשׁתָּֽוָה ׃
† ַדּלְפוֹן S 1813
GK 1943
n.pr. m. a son of Haman, Est 9:7 .
†[ ָדּלַקS 1814
TWOT 435
GK 1944
] vb. burn ( intrans. ), hotly pursue ( NH id.
Aramaic ַק
ְדּל, all intrans. burn, kindle; Hiph., Aph. transitive ) — Qal Pf. 2 ms.
ָדּ ַל ְק ָתּ Gn 31:36 ; 3 mpl. וְדָֽלְקוּ ְדּ ָלקֻנוּLa 4:19 ; Impf. יְִדלַק
consec. Ob 18 ; sf.
ψ 10:2 ; Inf. cstr. ְלֹק דּ1 S 17:53 ; Pt. act. pl. דֹּ ְלקִיםψ 26:23 ;— 1. burn ,
וְדָֽלְקוּ ָבהֶםOb 18 ( fig. of Isr. ravaging among Edomites, || ; וַ ֲאכָלוּםon construction
c. בְּ cf. 2 K 17:25 ); also in ִחצָּיו לְדֹ ְלקִים יְִפ ָע֑לψ 7:14 his arrows he maketh
burning ones (subj. God) RV De Che al. ; & ִים ְשׂ ָפ ַתיִם דֹּ ְלקPr 26:23 burning (
fervent ) lips ( opp. ר֑ע
ָ ) לֵב. 2. hotly pursue Gn 31:36 ( E ; sq. אַ ֲחרֵי1 S 17:53 ( sq.
id. ); ψ 10:2 La 4:19 (both sq. acc. ) Hiph. Impf. sf. ֵם יְַדלִיקIs 5:11 ; Imv. ַה ְדלֵק
Ez 24:10 ;— inflame , c. acc. , subj. wine Is 5:11 ; kindle obj. ֵשׁ ָהאEz 24:10 .
ֶדּלֶת S 1817
TWOT 431a , 431e
GK 1946
v. sub דלה.
† דָּםS 1818
TWOT 436
GK 1947
360 n. m. Gn 9:6 blood ( NH id. Arabic ,
Ethiopic : Assyrian damu Nor 239
Zim BP 72, 76
; Aramaic דַּם, ָא
ְדּמ, ) — abs. ד׳Gn
37:22 + 154 times; cstr. דַּם Gn 9:6 + 62 times; sf. ָדּמִי 1 S 26:20 + 3 times; ך
ָ דָּֽ ְמ 2
S 1:16 ( Qr ; Kt ) דמיך+ 4 times; ָדּ ֵמ ְךEz 16:22 + 3 times; דָּמוֹGn 9:4 + 30 times
ָדּמָה Lv 4:30 ( ×2 )
+ 11 times; ֶם
ִדּ ְמכGn 9:5 ; ָדּמָםLv 16:27 + 11 times; pl. ָדּמִים Ex
Wetzst J. G. Wetzstein
ZPV Z. d. deutsch. Pal.-Vereins .
Nor E. Norris, Assyrian Dictionary.
4:25 + 35 times; cstr. ְדּמֵיGn 4:10 + 18 times; sf. ָדּמֶי ָך2 S 1:16 Kt ( Qr ;) דָּֽ ְמ ָך
ָדּ ַמיְִךEz 16:6 , 9 ; ָיו
( ×3 )
ָדּמLv 20:9 + 3 times; ָדּמֶי ָהLv 12:7 + 2 times; ְדּמֵיהֶםLv
20:11 + 5 times;— 1. blood of man or animal, = the life ( ֶשׁ ) נֶפGn 9:4 ( P ) Dt 12:23
Lv 17:14 ( ×2 ) ( H ); cf. ָשׂרָ ַבּדָּם הִוא נֶפֶשׁ ַהבּv 11 ( H & ִדּ ְמכֶם ְלנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶםGn
9:5 ( P ); see also ψ 72:14 ֵינָיו ; וְיֵיקַר ָדּמָם ְבּעhence blood of animals not to be eaten
Lv 3:17 ; 7:26 , 27 (all P ) 17:10 ( ×2 ) , 12 ( ×2 ) , 14 ; 19:26 (all H ) Dt 12:16 , 23 ;
15:23 1 S 14:32 , 33 , 34 Ez 33:25 ( cf. RS K 310 ), but to be poured out & covered
with dust Lv 17:13 ( cf. RS Sem i. 216 f. ). 2. usually blood become visible, a. as from a
wound ָה ד׳ ַה ַמּכּ1 K 22:35 ( cf. ֲחתַן ָדּמִיםEx 4:25 , 26 v. infr. h ); licked by dogs
1 K 21:19 ( ×2 ) ; 22:38 Ex 32:6 ; from the nose Pr 30:33 ; bloody issue of a woman Lv
15:19 cf. v 25 ; pl. ָה ְדּמֵי טָֽ ֳהר12:4 , 5 , & מְקֹר ָדּמֶי ָהv 7 (all P ) 20:18 ( H
); blood in which child welters Ez 16:6 ( ×2 )
, 22 + v 6 ( del. A B S Co al. ); of
goat Gn 37:31 (JE); of slain bird Lv 14:6 , 51 , 52 . b. often obj. of ך
ְ ָשׁ ַפspill, shed
Gn 9:6 ( P ) 37:22 ( E ) Nu 35:33 ( P ) Lv 17:4 ( H ) Dt 21:7 1 S 25:31 1 K 18:28
2 K 21:16 24:4 1 Ch 22:8 Ez 16:38 ; 22:4 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 27 ; 23:45 ; 33:25 ; 36:18
( del. B Co ) Pr 1:16 ; also ψ 79:3 מּיִםַ שֹׁ ֵמ ְך דָּם ; ָשׁׁפְכוּ ָדמָם ַכּa blood-shedder
Ez 18:10 ; דָּם עִיר שֹׁ ֶפכֶת Ez 22:3 cf. v 4 (also 1 K 2:31 Je 22:3 , 17 1 Ch 22:8
; 28:3 Pr 6:17 La 4:13 ); less often subj. of pass. ָשׁפוּ ְך, ִשׁ ָפּ ְך
ְ נ, etc. Gn 9:6 Nu
35:33 (both P ) Dt 19:10 Zp 1:17 ψ 79:10 . c. ָל דַּם ָחלDt 32:42 (song) blood of
slain; ִים
ד׳ ֲח ָלל2 S 1:22 so Nu 23:24 (JE), obj. of ָשׁתָה, of Isr. under fig. of lion;
cf. also Ez 39:17 , 18 , 19 , & 2 S 23:27 = 1 Ch 11:19 ( ָשׁים ִ דַּם ָה ֲאנhyperbol. for
imperilled life); as food of young eagles Jb 39:30 . d. often of innocent blood , i.e. blood
shed with injustice & cruelty, ִי
דָּם נָקDt 21:8 , 9 1 S 19:5 2 K 21:16 ; 24:4 ψ 94:21
; 106:38 cf. v 38 Pr 6:17 Is 59:7 Je 7:6 ; 22:3 (also 26:15 ); ִיא
נָק דָּםJo 4:19
Jon 1:14 ; also in cstr. ִי
דַּם נָקDt 19:10 ; cf. 27:25 דַּם ַהנָּקִי ; ד׳ ן׳ ְלהַכּוֹת נֶפֶשׁDt
19:13 Je 22:17 2 K 24:4 ; קיִּים ִ ְ דַּם נJe 19:4 ; דַּם נַפְשׁוֹם ֶאבְיוֹנִים נְ ִקיִּיםJe 2:34 ;
further ִים
דַּם ַצדִּיקLa 4:13 ; ְדּמֵי ִחנָּם1 K 2:31 ; in ψ 30:10 = ָדּמִיmy death ( || ִר ְדתִּי
ֶל־שׁחַת
ַ אe. avenger of blood גֹּאֵל ַהדָּםNu 35:19 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 27 ( ×2 ) (all P ); Dt
19:6 , 12 Jos 20:3 , 5 , 9 2 S 14:11 . f. pl. ִים ָדּמof abundance, blood in quantity,
hence sometimes of blood shed by rude violence, and of blood-stains;— Gn 4:10 , 11 ( J
) as crying from the ground for vengeance ( cf. RS Sem i. 397 ), comp. also 2 S 3:28 ;
16:8 2 K 9:26 ( ×2 ) ; Is 1:15 ; 9:4 ; 26:21 Ez 16:6 ( ×3 ) , 9 , 36 (on text of v 6 vid.
supr. ) Zc 9:7 2 Ch 24:25 ; ֵי אָדָם ְדּמHb 2:8 , 17 , and in other connexions; but
interchangeably with sg. 2 S 3:27 ; 20:12 2 K 9:33 Is 34:3 , 6 , ( ×2 ) , 7 Ez 21:37 ;
22:13 ( pl. Co ) 24:8 ( ×2 ) al. ; v. especially ִי
ֶארֶץ אַל־ ְתּ ַכסִּי ָדמJb 16:18 ; ְדּמֵי
ירושׁלםblood-stains of Jerusalem Is 4:4 ; = slaughter, sg. Gn 37:26 ( J ) Je 48:10
† דְּמוּת S 1823
TWOT 437a
GK 1952
n. f. likeness, similitude (mostly late) (
according to Lag BN 12, 147 ff.
mispunct. for מוַת
ְ ִדּfrom ; ִדּ ְמוָהaccording to We Prol.
† [ ְיֹן
ִדּמS 1825 TWOT 437b GK 1955 ] n. [ m. ] likeness , כְּאַ ְריֵה ִדּמְיֹנוֹ ψ
17:12 his likeness is as a lion , i.e. he is like a lion.
† ֳדּמִי S 1824
TWOT 438a
GK 1954
n. [ m. ] cessation, pause, quiet, rest; ד׳Is
62:6 + 2 times; cstr. ְדּמִי Is 38:10 (but v. infr. );— 1. quiet , in phr. ֶם
אַל־ד׳ ָלכ
Is 62:6 keep not quiet (let there be no quiet to you ); in prayer to God ך ְ אַל־ד׳ ָלψ
83:2 keep not quiet (inactive; || חרשׂ, ;) שׁקטcf. ְנוּ ד׳ לוֹ וְאַל־ ִתּתּIs 62:7 and give
no rest to him ( ) י׳. 2. in phr. ַי
ִבּ ְדמִי יָמ, Is 38:10 appar. quiet, peacefulness , even
tenour, of my days (so De Or SS ); others, as Hi Ew Che Di , pause, resting-
time , i.e. noon-day ( cf. S B , & height ), fig. of middle life, but usage dub.
SK 1884, 157
; Klo cessation, pause , of natural end of life, Hezekiah’s natural
expectation, in contrast with the speedy death implied in v b; but parallelism of v
11a is ag. this; Brd emends ֻם ְבּרafter ; Klo l.c. suggests ְתֹם בּor כְּתֹםbut
preferably in the half , i.e. the midst of my days from ָה
ָדּמaequavit (Dathe).
† I. [ ָדּמַםS 1826
TWOT 439 , 440
GK 1957 , 1958 , 1959
] vb. be or grow dumb, silent,
still ( NH id. ; Ethiopic in II. 1 stupefy; III. , 1 & 2 be astounded, stupefied ) — Qal Pf.
ָ ֑דּמּוּ ψ 35:15 Jb 30:27 ; Impf. יִדֹּםAm 5:13 + 2 times, וַיִּדֹּם Lv 10:3 Jos 10:13 ;
3 fs. תִּדֹּם La 2:18 ; 2 fs. תִּדֹּמִּיJe 48:2 (so Ki Ol & Kö 327
q.v. ; others
† ֻדּמָּה S 1822
TWOT 439b
GK 1951
n. f. one silenced, brought to silence (?;
destroyed ?) ה ֑יָּם
ַ מִי כְצוֹר ְכּ ֻדמָּה בְּתוֹ ְךEz 27:32 (form pecul. & sense dub. : Baer
; ְכּ ֻדמָהCo ְכּ ֻבדָּהfrom כָּבֹדadj. , cf. 23:41 ψ 45:14 ) AV What city is like
Tyre, like the destroyed (as though for ָה ְמ ֻדמּcf. ההללה26:1 ; but Pi. Pu. not
Baer
elsewhere) in the midst of the sea? RV like her that is brought to silence. — Dl
Ezech p. xi. & Pr 64
der., hesitantly, from II. דמם.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch.
דמןTWOT 441
( √ of foll., meaning dub. ; Arabic , prepare, improve, manure land ,
appar. denom. )
† ֫
דֹּמֶן S 1828
TWOT 441a
GK 1961
n. m. dung ( Arabic ) always in this form
and always of corpses, lying on ground as offal 2 K 9:37 Je 8:2 ; 9:21 ; 16:4 ;
25:33 ψ 83:11 .
† I. ָה
ַמ ְד ֵמנS 4087 , 4088
TWOT 441b
GK 4523 , 4524
n. f. dung-place, dung-pit, ם׳
במי Is 25:10 ( Qr ) בְּמוֹ ם׳.
† ָה ַמ ְד ַמנּS 4089 GK 4525 , 4526 1. n.pr.loc. city of southern Judah Jos 15:31 ; loc.
dub. , Onom. Μηδεβηνα = Μηνοεις near Gaza Lag Onom. 279, 2nd ed. 276 ; cf. Minyay
S. of Gaza Rob BR i. 602 ; on other proposed identif. cf. Di 2. n.pr. m. descendant
of Caleb 1 Ch 2:49 .
†[ ָדּמַעS 1830
TWOT 442
GK 1963
] vb. weep ( NH id. , Arabic & Aramaic ַע
ְדּמ,
: Assyrian in deriv., v. infr. ) , Qal Impf. 3 fs. , and Inf. abs. , וְ ֵתרֵד עֵינִי ִדּ ְמעָה
וְדָמֹ ַע ִתּ ְדמַע Je 13:17 .
ֶ ֫דּמS
† [ ַע 1831
TWOT 442a
GK 1964
] n. [ m. ] (weeping, trickling) juice , i.e.
wine or (&) oil ( cf. foll. ) ך
ָ ִדּ ְמ ֲעEx 22:28 ( || ) ְמ ֵל ֽאָ ְת ָך, cf. Di ; Arabic = wine .
23, 95
; Aramaic ָא
ִדּ ְמע, ; NH ֶדּמַע, — ) ִדּ ְמעָהabs. ד׳ψ 80:6 + 10 times; cstr.
ִדּ ְמעַת Ec 4:1 ; ִדּ ְמ ָעתψ 6:7 + 4 times; ִדּ ְמ ָע ֶת֑ ָך2 K 20:5 = Is 38:5 + Ez
sf. ִי
24:16 ( del. Co ); ָהּ ִדּ ְמ ָעתLa 1:2 ; pl. ְדּמָעוֹתψ 80:6 La 2:11 — tears ψ 6:7
Ec 4:1 La 1:2 ; 2:11 ; especially in Je. in phrase ֵד
ֵתּר עֵינִי ד׳etc. Je 9:17 ; 13:17 ;
14:17 , cf. La 2:18 ; Je 8:23 ֲא ַר ֫יָּוֶ ְך ִדּ ְמ ָעתִי ; מְקוֹר ד׳ וְעֵינִיof weeping over, in
behalf of one Is 16:9 ; as appealing to God’s compassion 2 K 20:5 = Is 38:5 ψ
39:13 ; ψ 56:9 ָה ד׳ ( בְּנֹא ֶד֑ ָך ִשׂימcf. Che ) v. also ψ 116:8 Je 31:16 Is 25:8 ;
opp. ִרנָּהψ 126:5 ; of hypocritical tears Mal 2:13 ; fig. tears as food ψ 42:4 (
לחם ד׳ ;) ִדּ ְמ ָעתִי להם80:6 ; as drink 80:6 , cf. Babyl. dimtu maštîtî , tears ( were
) my drink ( Zim BP 42 ; || bikîtum kurmatî , weeping ( was ) my sustenance ).— Ez
24:16 ך וְלֹאָ ֑ תָבוֹא ִדּ ְמ ָע ֶתdel. Co cf. v 23 .
Dimasḳi , Dl Pa 280
Schr COT Gn 15, 2 & ABK 323
Jäger BAS ii. 281 f.
; Arabic ; Aramaic
ֶ ַדּמּ1 K 11:24 + 28 times; ַדּ ָמּ֑ ֶשׂקGn
Onk , etc. דמשק, Ps-Jon ֶשׂק — ) ; דרמשק
ֶ ַדּ ְרמ1 Ch 18:5 + 3 times Ch; ַדּ ְר ָמ֑ ֶשׂק2 Ch 24:33 ; 28:5 ,
14:15 + 8 times; ֶשׂק
ֶשׂק
ֶ דּוּמּ 2 K 16:10 ; ֶשׁקֶ ְדּמAm 3:12 v. foll., Vrss ֶשׂק ֶ —; ַדּמּancient Aramaean
city, situated lat. 33° 30 N., long. 36° 15 E., in plain E. of Hermon & SE. of
Anti-Lebanon; on the Nahr Baradâ (Gk. Chrysorrhoas); mod. Dimishḳ & Esh-Sham ,
Rob BR iii. 440 ff. Bd Pal 307 ; Damascus Gn 14:15 Am 5:27 1 K 11:24 ( ×2 ) 2 K
14:28 Ct 7:5 ; so also prob. Gn 15:2 (perhaps gloss cf. Di ), (& Am 3:12 v.
foll.); a trading-centre Ez 27:18 ; as capital & residence of king of Aram 1 K 15:18
= 2 Ch 16:2 , cf. 1 K 20:34 2 K 16:9 , 10 ( ×2 ) , 11 ( ×2 ) , 12 2 Ch 28:5 Is 7:8 (
×2 )
; 8:4 ; 10:9 ( cf. Peters Hbr April 1885, 242 ) 17:1 ( ×2 ) , 3 Je 49:23 , 24 , 27 ;
including also surrounding territory Ez 47:16 , 17 cf. v 18 48:1 , v. ָה ד׳ ִמ ְד ַבּ֫ר
1 K 19:15 ; ד׳ נַהֲרוֹת 2 K 5:12 ; = kingdom Am 1:3 , 5 cf. Zc 9:1 ; once (late)
ֶמ ֶל ְך ב׳2 Ch 24:23 ; note, also ֲארַם ד׳2 S 8:5 , 6 = 1 Ch 18:5 , 6 ; further
אֱלֹהֵי ד׳2 Ch 28:23 ( || ) אֱלֹהֵי ַמ ְלכֵי ֲארָם.
† ֶשׁק
ֶ ְדּמ S 1833
TWOT 433
GK 1967
n. [ m. ]? Am 3:12 ; וּבִד׳ ָע֑רֶשׂ punct. &
meaning dub. alll ancient Vrss ֶשׂק ֶ ַדּמ, and so Pusey; Hoffm ZAW iii. 102 (‘in
Damascus on a couch’) al. , yet this hardly suitable in context; Thes Hi Ew Baur
Ke Gunning RV al. follow MT , & render damask, silk , etc. ( Arabic connex.
with city ֶשׂק
ֶ ( ַדּמּArabic ) disputed; according to Frä 40.288
Arabic is by metath. from
, & this a loan-word from Syriac & this from Gk. μέταξα (Old Lat. metaxa ) ) .
Babyl. Babylonian.
BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie u. Semit. Sprachwissenschaft , edd. Dl. & Hpt.
punct. punctuation.
Hoffm G. Hoffmann.
דָּן S 1835
GK 1968 , 1969
v. sub דין.
ָדּנִאֵל S 1840
GK 1971
v. sub דין.
דנגTWOT 444
( √ of foll., meaning unknown ) .
† ַג דּוֹנS 1749 TWOT 444a GK 1880 n. m. wax , דּוֹנַגMi 1:4 + 2 times; דּוֹנָ֑גψ
22:15 —always in simile, of melting; at theophany hills melt like wax ψ 97:5 ; like
wax before fire Mi 1:4 ; wicked perish as wax melteth before fire ψ 68:3 ; heart
melteth like wax ψ 22:15 (simile of fear, despair). On ד׳in ψ 118:12 cf. Bae
Che crit. n.
† ַדּנָּה S 1837
GK 1972
n.pr.loc. a city of Judah ‘in the hill country,’ named just
before Ḳiryath Sanna = Debîr ( = Ḳ. Sepher ), Jos 15:49 ῾Ρεννα .
דְּעוּאֵל S 1845
GK 1979
( ֵל
) רְעוּאv. sub ידע, רעה.
†[ ָדּ ַע ְךS 1846
TWOT 445
GK 1980
] vb. go out, be extinguished (poet. &
especially Wisd. lit. ( Aramaic ְדּעִי ְך, ) — Qal Pf. 3 mpl. דָּֽעֲכוּIs 43:17 ; Impf.
יְִד ַע ְךPr 20:20 , יְִד ָע֑ ְךJb 18:5 + 4 times;— go out, be extinguished , of lamp, always
fig. , lamp of wicked (i.e. prosperity) ִים ְשׁע
ָ אוֹר רJb 18:5 , נֵר ר׳Jb 18:6 ; 21:17 Pr
13:9 ; 20:20 ; 24:20 ; of hostile armies Is 43:17 ( || ָב֫וּ ) כּ. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִ ְדעֲכוּbe
made extinct, dried up , Jb 6:17 (of brooks). Pu. Pf. 3 pl. ֲכוּ דֹּעof assailants, be
Bae F. Baethgen.
Acad. Academy (London).
extinguished, quenched ִים
קוֹצ ְכּאֵשׁ ψ 118:12 ; but read perhaps בעדוwith Bae &
crit. n.
Che , v. Che
ַדּעַת S 1847
TWOT 848c
GK 1981
v. sub ידע.
דפהTWOT 446
( √ of foll., meaning unknown; NH דּוֹפִיis blemish, fault ) .
† [ ִי
ֳדּפS 1848
TWOT 446a
] n. [ m. ] blemish, fault ך
ָ ְבּבֶן־ ִא ְמּ
ִתּתֶּן־דֹּֽפִי ׃ ψ
50:20 ֑ ֵ ) בְּאָחִי ָך ְת ַר.
against thy mother’s son thou dost allege a fault ( || בּר
†[ ָדּפַקS 1849
TWOT 447
GK 1985
] vb. beat, knock ( Arabic pour out , also drive
(beasts) ) — Qal Perf. 3 mpl. sf. וּ ְדפָקוּם consec. Gn 33:13 , but read 1 s. sf.
וּ ְד ַפ ְקתִּים S Sam Di beat (in driving, drive severely or cruelly); Pt. דּוֹפֵק Ct 5:2
abs. knocking (at door). Hithp. Pt. ִמ ְת ַדּ ְפּקִים עַל־ ַה ָדּ֑לֶת Ju 19:22 beat violently (beat
themselves tired) against the door.
דַּק S 1851
TWOT 448a
GK 1987
, דֹּקS 1852
TWOT 448b
GK 1988
v. sub דקק.
√ ( דקלof foll. cf. a king of palm; NH ֶדּקֶל, date-tree, palm , Aramaic דִּי ְקלָא, ) .
† ָה ִדּ ְקלS 1853 GK 1989 n.pr. m. ( loc. ) a son of Joktan, i.e. an Arabian territory
or people Gn 10:27 = 1 Ch 1:21 ; unknown, cf. Di Gn 10:27 .
†[ ָדּקַק S 1854 TWOT 448 GK 1990 ] vb. crush, pulverise, thresh; be fine ( Arabic
be or become thin, minute; Ethiopic Assyrian daḳâḳu Pa. break in pieces COT Gloss ;
ַדּקּPa. id. , ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. דַּקDt 9:21 , ָ ֑דּקEx 32:20 ;
Ph. דקid. , Aramaic ֵק
Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְֻד ֶקּ֑נּוּ Is 28:28 ; 2 ms. תָּדֹק Is 41:15 ;— 1. crush ( trans. ) sq.
† דַּק S 1851
TWOT 448a
GK 1987
דּ׳Ex 16:14
adj. thin, small, fine — abs. m.
+ times; דּק֑ ָ Lv 13:30 ; f. ַדּקָּהLv 16:12 1 K 19:12 ; pl. f. abs. דַּקּוֹתGn 41:6
+ 2 times; דַּקֹּת41:24 ; cstr. ַקּוֹת דּ41:3 , דַּקֹּתּv 4 ;— 1. thin , of kine ָשׂר
ָ דּ׳ בּ
Gn 41:3 cf. v 4 ( Sam has in both ַקּוֹת רcf. MT v 19 , 20 , 27 ); of ears of
corn v 6 , 7 , 23 , 24 (all E ); thin, shrunk, withered , of man Lv 21:20 ( H ). 2.
small, fine , of the manna ְפֹר
דַּק ְמ ֻח ְספָּס דַּק ַכּכּEx 16:14 ; of incense Lv 16:12 ,
hair 13:30 (all P ); of dust ָק
אָב דַּק Is 29:5 ; in sim. of isles in hand of י׳,יִטּוֹל
ִאיִּים ַכּדַּקIs 40:15 ( דַּק = subst. fine thing, fine dust ); once of a low whisper קוֹל
ְדּ ָממָה ַדקָּה1 K 19:12 .
† דֹּק S 1852
TWOT 448b
GK 1988
n. [ m. ] veil, curtain (as thin), כַּדֹּק ָשׁ ַמיִם
הַנּוֹטֶה Is 40:22 he who spreadeth out, like a veil, the heavens .
† ָדּקַרS 1856
TWOT 449
GK 1991
vb. pierce, pierce through ( NH id. , Aramaic
ְדּקַר, ) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. ָדּ ָק֑רוּZc 12:10 ; sf. וּ ְד ָק ֻרנִיconsec. 1 S 31:4 , וּ ְד ָקרֻהוּ
consec. Zc 13:3 ; Impf. וַיִּדְקֹרNu 25:8 , וַיְִּד ְקרֵהוּJu 9:54 — pierce, run through
(always c. acc. ): as retributive act, Israelite and Midianit. woman Nu 25:8 ; false
prophet Zc 13:3 ; but also as speedy death Ju 9:54 (Abimelech); 1 S 31:4a (Saul) = 1
Ch 10:4 ; also 1 S 31:4b (but del. Be We after 1 Ch 10:4 & so L 1 S 31:4 b),
see also Zc 12:10 ( cf. John 19:37 ). Niph. Impf. יִָדּקֵרbe pierced through , slain Is
13:15 (in conquest of Bab. by Medes). Pu. Pt. pl. ְמ ֻד ָקּרִיםpierced, riddled , (i.e.
desperately wounded) warriors, Je 37:10 , slain Je 51:4 ( || ;) חלליםby hunger La 4:9
( || ָב
ָרע ) ַח ְללֵי.
† ֶ ֫דּקֶר S 1857
GK 1992
n.pr. m. ( piercing , i.e. sharp weapon ? Talm. pick,
mattock ) 1 K 4:9 בֶּן־ ֶדּקֶר cf. sub. בן.
† [ ָה
ַמ ְד ָקרS 4094
TWOT 449a
GK 4532
] n. f. piercing, stab, thrust , only pl.
cstr. ְכּ ַמ ְדקְרוֹת ָח֑רֶב Pr 12:18 like thrusts of a sword , sim. of rash speaking.
דַּר S 1858
TWOT 454a
GK 1993
v. דרר.
דֹּר S 1858
TWOT 454a
GK 1993
v. דור.
דראTWOT 450
( √ of foll. cf. Arabic repel . )
† ֵדּרָאוֹן S 1860
TWOT 450a
GK 1994
n. m. aversion, abhorrence, abs. ד׳ Is
66:24 object of abhorrence; cstr. ִדּרְאוֹן עולםeverlasting abhorrence Dn 12:2 (on
form cf. Lag BN 200, 202 ).
דרבTWOT 451
( √ of foll. cf. Arabic become accustomed, trained , train , cf. Fl
NHWB i. 444 ; also Ethiopic (quardrilit.) jaculando infigere, etc.; or, since ָן
ָדּ ְרבAramaic
in form, & 1 S 13:21 perhaps secondary, possibly regard as Aramaic loan-word &
connect with Arabic be sharp, penetrating ( GFM , note of Apr. 1892) ) .
† ָן
ָדּ ְרבS 1861 TWOT 451a GK 1995 n. [ m. ] goad ( NH id. ) , ַה ָדּ ְר ָב֑ן ְל ַהצִּיב
1 S 13:21 (on form cf. Ol § 215 b. 3 al. Dr ).
[ ָה
דָּֽרְבֹנS 1861
TWOT 451a
GK 1996
] n. [ f. ] goad, only abs. pl. , in sim.
֣ ִדּ ְברֵי ֲח ָכמִים כּ
ַָדּרְבֹנוֹת Ec 12:11 ( cf. De Koh 434
).
GFM G. F. Moore.
דרגTWOT 452
( √ of foll. cf. Arabic go on foot, step bt step, walk , rise in grade,
rank; NH דרגHiph. raise, make high; Eth; is be connected; Aramaic (verb denom.
according to PS); also Assyrian darâgu, be high, lift , Lyon Sargontexte 80 , durgu, daragu ,
path, way (of steep mountain paths) COT Gloss ( cf. also ;) דרךArabic a step, stair ,
Aramaic רגָּא
ְ ַדּ, id. )
Heman, and Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol (types of wise men, but solomon
ָ ֑דּר1 Ch 2:6 , where read ַדּ ְרדַּעwith S
wiser than they); = ַע & Codd.
דָּרוֹם S 1864
TWOT 454d
GK 1999
, ְרוֹר
דּS 1865 , 1866
TWOT 454b , 454c
GK 2000 ,
2001 , 2002
v. דרר.
Spieg APK 81 ) — 1. Darius Hystaspis, 522–485 Ezr 4:5 Hg 1:1 , 15 ; 2:10 Zc 1:1
, 7 ; 7:1 . 2. Darius Codomannus, 336–332 Ne 12:22 . 3. ‘Darius the Mede,’ Dn 9:1
; 11:1 , cf. Bev Dan. p. 19 .
ַדּרְיוֹשׁ S 1875
TWOT 455
GK 2004
Ezr 10:16 v. דרשׁ.
† ָדּ ַר ְך S 1869 TWOT 453 GK 2005 vb. tread, march ( Aramaic ך ְ ְדּ ַר, NH Hiph.
lead, conduct; Arabic IV. reach, overtake; Ethiopic be rough, severe (from calcavit , Di
); threshold, vestibule ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ך ְ ָדּ ַרNu 24:17 + 6 times; 3 fs. דָּֽ ְרכָהJos
14:9 ; 2 ms. ָדּ ַר ְכ ָתּ Hb 3:15 ; 1 s. ִי
ָדּ ַר ְכתּIs 63:3 Zc 9:13 ; pl. דָּֽרְכוּJb 22:15 + 3
times; Impf. 3 ms. יִדְרֹ ְך Mi 5:4 + 6 times + ידרךJe 51:3 ( ;) כתיב ולא קוי3 fs.
Lyon D. G. Lyon.
Thes Additions by E. Rödiger.
Pers. Persian.
Spieg Altpersische Keilinschriften.
ִתּדְרֹ ְך Dt 11:24 Jos 1:3 ; 2 ms. ִתּדְרֹ ְךDt 33:29 + 2 times; 2 fs. ִתּ ְד ְרכִיJu 5:21 ;
1 s. sf. ֵם וְ ֶא ְד ְרכIs 63:3 ; 3 mpl. יְִדרְכוּ1 S 5:5 , יְִדרְכוּןψ 11:2 , וַיְִּדרְכוּJu 9:27 ;
2 mpl. ְכוּ ִתּ ְדרDt 11:25 ; Pt. act. דֹּ ֵר ְךAm 4:13 + 5 times; דּוֹ ֵר ְךJb 9:8 ; דֹּ ְרכִים
Je 25:30 Ne 13:15 ; ֵי דֹּ ְרכJe 46:9 + 5 times; pass. f. דְּרוּכָהIs 21:15 ; ְדּרֻכוֹת5:28
;— 1. tread, march, march forth , abs. , ְשׁי עֹז ִ ִתּ ְד ְרכִי נַפJu 5:21 ; cf. ָדּ ַר ְך כּוֹכָב
ִמיַּעֲקֹבNu 24:17 (poem) a star hath marched forth from Jacob . 2. tread upon (land),
sq. בּ ְ Dt 1:36 ; 11:25 (subj. pers. ), Jos 14:9 (subj. ) ֶרגֶלcf. Dt 11:24 = Jos 1:3
(subj. ֶם ;) כַּף ַרגְ ְלכtread in a path, sq. ְבּIs 59:8 ( fig. of mode of life); tread in (on)
the sea, sq. בּ ְ Hb 3:15 (but text dub. cf. VB ); of an invader יִדְרֹ ְך בְּאַ ְרמְנוֹתֵינוּMi
5:4 ( || ֵנוּ יִד׳ ִבּגְבוּלֵינוּ ;) יָבוֹא בְּאַ ְרצv 5 ( || id. ); sq. עַל1 S 5:5 ( ;) עַל־ ִמ ְפתַּן דָּגוֹן
ψ 91:13 ( ֶן ַל־שׁחַל וֶָפתַ ;) עespecially (poet.) עַל־ ָבּמֳו֯תֵי ֶארֶץMi 1:3 , of י׳, so Am
4:13 , & ( ֵי יָ֑ם ) עַל־ ָבּ ֳמתJb 9:8 ; of Isr. treading on heights of enemies, i.e. subduing
them Dt 33:29 . Once sq. acc. ( ֲשׁר ֶ אref. ) אֹרַחJb 22:15 . In technical senses 3.
tread wine- (or oil-) press, sq. acc. ִים יְ ָקבJb 24:11 ( || ) יַ ְצהִירוּ, גִּתּוֹתNe 13:15 ; sq.
acc. of thing pressed ִים ד׳ ֲענָבAm 9:13 ; also of product ִתּדְרֹךְ־זַיִת … וְתִירוֹשׁMi
6:15 ; ך ְ ֹ הַדֹּ ֵר ְך יַיִן ַבּיְ ָקבִים לֹא יִדְרIs 16:10 ; sq. ְבּגַתIs 63:2 (in sim. ); abs. Je
25:30 ( sim. ) 48:33 ; fig. of judgment Is 63:3 sq. acc. ָה פּוּרwinepress , subj. י׳,
cf. v ִי ) רמס || ( וְ ֶא ְד ְרכֵם בְּאַפּi.e. tread them down; so ִלבְתוּלַת בַּת־יְהוּדָה גַּת ָדּ ַר ְך
אֲדֹנָיLa 1:15 . 4. tread (i.e. bend) the bow, sq. acc. ֶשׁת ֶ קJe 51:3 ( ַשׁתּוֹ אֶל־יִדְרֹ ְך ְק
ידרך הַדֹּ ֵר ְך ֯ ); fig. of assaults of wicked ψ 11:2 ; 37:14 , of judgments of י׳ψ 7:13
La 2:4 ; 3:12 ; also fig. of Judah as bow in hand of י׳, ִי יְהוּדָה כִּי ָד ַר ְכתִּי לZc 9:13 ( ||
ֶשׁת ִמלֵּאתִי ֶא ְפ ַריִם ֶ ;) קtwice in like meaning c. obj. חֵץarrow ψ 58:8 (but on text cf.
Che crit. n.
) 64:4 ; ֶשׁת ֶ = דֹּ ְרכֵי קbow-benders, archers 46:9 Je 50:14 , 29 1 Ch
5:18 ; 8:40 2 Ch 14:7 ; ָה ֶשׁת דְּרוּכ ֶ קbent bow Is 21:15 , ַשׁתֹֿתָיו ְדּרֻכוֹת ְ ק5:28 . Hiph.
Pf. ך ְ וְ ִה ְדרִיIs 11:15 ; sf. ִה ְדרִיכָהּJe 51:33 (where many Inf. cstr. ). cf. RS J Ph.
xvi. (1888) 72
; 1 s. sf. ך ָ ִה ְד ַר ְכתִּיPr 4:11 ; 3 pl. sf. ִה ְדרִי ֻכ֑הוּJu 20:43 , ִה ְדרִיכוּהוּJb
28:8 ; Impf. ך ְ יְַד ֵרψ 25:9 ; sf. יְַד ִר ֵכנִיHb 3:19 ; וַיְַּדרִיכֵםψ 107:7 ; 1 s. sf. אַ ְדרִיכֵם
Is 42:16 ; ְכוּ וַיְַּדרJe 9:2 ( cf. Ges § 53 n ); Imv. ms. sf. ַה ְדרִי ֵכנִיψ 25:5 ; 119:35 ;
Inf. cstr. v. supr. ; Pt. sf. ך ָ ַמ ְדרִי ְכIs 48:17 ;— 1. tread, tread down , of treading
down enemy in battle Ju 20:43 ; of treading a path Jb 28:8 ; levelling threshing-floor Je
51:33 (all sq. sf. ). 2. tread (bend) the bow ( = Qal 4 ), only fig. ְכוּ ֶשׁקֶר וַיְַּדר
ַשׁתָּם
ְ אֶת־לְשׁוֹנָם ק Je 9:2 and they have bent their tongue as their bow in falsehood . 3.
causat. cause to tread or march, lead , returning exiles Is 11:15 (subj. ; י׳no obj.
RS W. Robertson Smith.
expressed); cf. ְשׁרָה וַיְַּדרִיכֵם ְבּ ֶד ֶר ְך
ָ יψ 107:7 and he led them in a straight way; v.
also Is 42:16 ( || ך ְ ;) הוֹלִיwith a moral application ֵי־ישׁר ֶ ִה ְד ַר ְכתִּי ָך ְבּ ַמ ְעְגּלPr 4:11 ;
cf. ψ 119:35 ך ָ ַה ְדרִי ֵכנִי ִבּנְתִיב ִמצְוֹתֶיlead me in the path of thy commandments; ψ
25:5 ך ָ ֑ ) ַל ְמּ ֵדנִי || ( ְבּ ֲא ִמ ֶתּcf. v 9 ִשׁפָּט ְ ) יְַלמֵּד ַדּרְכּוֹ || ( ַבּמּIs 48:17 || ( ְבּ ֶד ֶר ְך ֵתּ ֵל ְך
;) לְהוֹעִל ְמ ַל ֶמּ ְד ָךonce of giving security & truimph עַל־בָּמוֹתַי יְַד ִר ֵכנִיHb 3:19 upon
mine heights he maketh me tread ( cf. Qal 2 ).
ֶ ֫דּ ֶר ְך S 1870
TWOT 453a
GK 2006
715 n. m. Dt 17:16 & (less often) f. Ex 18:20
†[ך
ְ ִמ ְד ָרS 4096
TWOT 453b
GK 4534
] n. [ m. ] treading- or stepping-place,
place for the foot to tread on, only cstr. ר֑גֶל
ָ כַּף־ ִמ ְד ַר ְך Dt 2:5 treading-place for
the sole of a foot ( cf. 11:24 = Jos 1:3 ).
Ne Ezr (regarded as loan-word in both Gk. & Heb. from some Asiatic source by Ew
GGA 1855, 1392 ff.; 1856, 798; Gesch. i. 274, H i. 189
cf. Sm Listen 18, N. 24, but on Gk. deriv. cf.
Münz-Mass-u. Gewichtssytem 58 f.
Lex. Lidd. & Sc., also Brandis Hultsch l.c. 131 ); cf. Ph. pl.
ררכמנם, = דרכנםdrachmœ according to Re RA 1888, 7 Berger Mém. Soc. Ling. de Paris,
1889, 385
Hoffm AGG xxxvi Mai, 1889, 8 . According to view commonly current hitherto ד׳
= daric , Gk. δαρεικός , cf. Syriac , Pers. gold coin = c. Eng. sovereign (weight
= c. 2 drachm.): Brandis l.c. 62, 244 ff. Hultsch l.c. 466 Schr in Ri HWB Art. Darike Erman
SPV ii, 75
Hoffm ZA 1887, 49 ff. ( Hoffm l.c. abandons), cf. Ryle Ezr 2:69 . )
ֶשׂק
ֶ ַדּ ְרמ S 1834
GK 2008
v. ֶשׂק
ֶ ַדּמּ.
† ( דרעaccording to Thes connected with Aramaic ְדּרָע, ֶאְדרָעarm , Heb. זְרוֹ ַע,
whence foll. in sense strong , of fortified city; this however, is dub. )
ָ ֫דּרַע S 1873
GK 2009
1 Ch 2:6 v. דרדע.
tears, rain, etc.), cf. I. ְרוֹר דּ. 2. be abundant, luxuriant (of herbage), cf. a kind of tree,
now elm (Lane), & רדַּר ְ ַדּ. 3. run vehemently, easily (of horse), cf. swift horse, or other
beast, & II. ְרוֹר דּ. 4. give light, shine (of lamp) cf. shining star , glistening or shining of
sword, pearls ( coll. ) & ; דַּרhence prob. ) דָּרוֹם.
† דַּר S 1858
TWOT 454a
GK 1993
n. [ m. ] pearl? mother of pearl? ( Arabic a
pearl ) Est 1:6 .
† I. ְרוֹר
דּS 1865 , 1866
TWOT 454b , 454c
GK 2000 , 2001 , 2002
n. [ m. ] a flowing; free
run, liberty ;— 1. ָר־דְּרוֹר
מEx 30:23 ( P ) i.e. myrrh of flowing , fine-flowing m.
cf. & מֹר Di . 2. c. קראproclaim liberty , ָל־ישׁ ֶכ֑י ָה
ְ וּ ְקרָאתֶם בְּרוֹר בָּאָרֶץ ְלכLv
25:10 ( H ) in Jubilee year, cf. Is 61:1 ( || ח
ַ ;) ְפּקַח־קוֹJe 34:8 , 15 , 17 all ref. to
liberty of Sabbatical year; v 17 (iron.) lo! I proclaim to you librty unto the sword,
unto pestilence & unto famine , i.e. liberty to be destroyed by sword, pestilence and
famine, (a judgment of Yahweh); ַדּ׳ ְשׁנַת־הEz 46:17 i.e. year of Jubilee ( cf. Lv
25:10 ).
† דָּרוֹם S 1864
TWOT 454d
GK 1999
n. m. south (poet. & late) ( on formation cf.
Ol § 216 a
Sta ) — דָּרוֹם
§ 295
Jb 37:17 + 16 times + Ez 40:27 b. 28 b ( del. S
Co in v 27 b; AB S Co in v 28 b— south , Ez 42:18 (over against קדִים
ָ,
צָפוֹן, ;) יָס12 times more in Ezek.) of wh. Co del. 2, cf. supr. ) 21:2 ( = תֵּי ָמנָה
and ַדּ׳ ;) נֶגֶב ֶדּ ֶר ְך הtoward south 40:24 ( ×2 ) , 27 , read also ֶדּ ֶר ְך הַדּ׳42:10 f or ד׳
ַה ָקּדִים Ke Co ; ַדּ׳ ַשׁעַר הsouth gate 40:[27] , 28 , [ 28 ] cf. Co supr. ,
40:44 ( opp. ; צפוןalso ) קדים, v 45 ( opp. ) צפון42:12 = לדָּ׳ ַ 41:11 ( opp.
) צפון, ִשׁכוֹת הד׳ ְ ל42:13 ( opp. ) צפון. Elsewhere only Dt 33:23 ( || ) יַם, Jb
37:17 ; Ec 1:6 ; 11:3 (both opp. ) צפון.
† ַדּ ְרדַּר S 1863
TWOT 454e
GK 1998
n. [ m. ] thistles ( coll. ) ( Arabic , still
current in Pal. , Löw p. 100
; Ethiopic ) רדַּר
ְ קוֹץ וְַדGn 3:18 ( J ) Ho 10:8 symbol
of wildness, desert.
† ָדּרַשׁ S 1875 TWOT 455 GK 2004 , 2011 162 vb. resort to, seek ( cf. Arabic rub
over, efface (a site), tread (wheat), fig. read repeatedly, study; beat (a path), discuss ,
Pa. practise in; NH search out (a meaning), expound ) — Qal Pf. 1 Ch 10:14 ; Impf.
יִדְרֹשׁψ 10:4 + , ְשׁהָ ֶא ְדר1 S 28:7 , ְשׁה ָ נִ ְדר1 K 22:7 + , יְִדרְשׁוּןIs 55:2 ; Imv.
ְדּרָשׁ־1 K 22:5 + ; Inf. abs. דָּרֹשׁLv 10:16 Dt 23:22 ; cstr. דְּרֹשׁDt 22:2 +
ִל ְדרָשׁ־Ez 14:7 , ( ְל ַדרְיוֹשׁscribal error for ִלדְרוֹשׁEw § 239 a Ol § 245 g ) Ezr 10:16 ;
Pt. ֵשׁ דֹּרDt 11:12 + 10 times, דּוֹרֵשׁ1 Ch 28:9 + 3 times; pass. ְרוּשׁים ִ דּψ 111:2 ,
ְרוּשׁה
ָ דּIs 62:12 ; syn. —; בקשׁ1. ( tread a place,) resort to, frequent , with religious
obj. , c. acc. loc. Am 5:5 2 Ch 1:5 , ֶל־ אloc. Dt 12:5 . 2. seek, consult, inquire of:
a. acc. י׳, ִים
אֱלֹהGn 25:22 ( J ) Ex 18:15 ( E ) 1 S 9:9 1 K 22:8 2 K 3:11 ; 8:8 ;
22:13 , 18 1 Ch 15:13 ; 21:30 2 Ch 18:7 ; 34:21 ψ 24:6 ; 78:34 Je 21:2 ; 37:7 Ez
20:1 , 3 ; the ark of God 1 Ch 13:3 ; word of Yahweh 1 K 22:5 ( = 2 Ch 18:4 ) cf. 1
K 14:5 ; with בְּ Yahweh 1 Ch 10:14 2 Ch 34:26 Ez 14:7 ; his word 2 K 1:16 ; with אֶל
, ֵל
אֶל־אJb 5:8 ; their God Is 8:19 , Messianic king Is 11:10 ; י׳ ֵמעַל־ ֵספֶרout of the
book of י׳Is 34:16 (in gloss, according to Che ); c. ֵאוֹתוֹ
JQ Jan. 1892, 332
מof a נָבִיא לי׳
1 K 22:7 ( = 2 Ch 18:6 ) cf. ( supr. ) v 8 2 K 3:11 and 1 K 14:5 ( ך ָ ) ֵמ ִע ְמּ. b.
heathen gods and necromancers , ֵשׁ הַדֹּרthe inquirer Ez 14:10 ; with ְבּ, ַבּ ֲעלַת אוֹב1
S 28:7 , ָאוֹב בּ1 Ch 10:13 , ְבּ ַבעַל זְבוּב2 K 1:2 , 3 , 6 , 16 ; with אֶל, אֶל־הָאֹבוֹתIs
8:19 , ִים אֶל־ ַה ֵמּתDt 18:11 , אֶל־ ָה ֱאלִילִיםIs 19:3 . 3. seek deity in prayer and worship:
a. the true God ( cf. בקשׁ3 ) דרשׁ י׳Dt 4:29 Ho 10:12 Am 5:4 , 6 Is 9:12 ; 31:1 ;
55:6 ; 58:2 ; 65:10 Je 10:21 ; 29:13 Zp 1:6 La 3:25 1 Ch 16:11 ( = ψ 105:4 )
28:9 2 Ch 12:14 ; 14:3 , 6 ; 15:2 , 12 ; 16:12 ; 22:9 ; 26:5 ψ 9:11 ; 22:27 ; 34:5 ,
11 ; 119:2 , 10 ; דרשׁ (ה)אלהים2 Ch 19:3 ; 26:5 ; 30:19 ψ 14:2 ( = 53:3 ) 69:33
; ד׳ אֲדֹנָי ψ 77:3 ; with ל
ְ , only in Chronicler, ליהוה1 Ch 22:19 2 Ch 15:13 ; 20:3
Ezr 6:21 ; לאלהים2 Ch 17:4 ; 31:21 ; 34:3 Ezr 4:2 ; Dr Intr. 503 finds in Chr
weakened meaning, revere . b. seek heathen deities , c. acc. Je 8:2 2 Ch 25:15 , 20 ;
with ל
ְ , Dt 12:30 2 Ch 17:3 . 4. a. seek , with idea of demanding, require ( בקשׁis seek
, simply), with acc. lost sheep Dt 22:2 Ez 34:6 , 8 , 11 ; goat Lv 10:16 ( ×2 ) ( P );
with אחר, after green fodder Jb 39:8 . b. inquire, investigate , abs. Ju 6:29 Dt 13:15 ;
17:4 , 9 ; 19:18 ; with acc. Ezr 10:16 ; ָבוֹת
בָּל־ ְלב דּוֹרֵשׁ י׳all hearts Yahweh
JQ Jewish Quarterly.
searches 1 Ch 28:9 , ֵת
הַמּוֹפ ִלדְרשׁto inquire into the wonder 2 Ch 32:31 ; with ְל, to
inquire about 2 S 11:3 Jb 10:6 ; sq. ַל עpers. + inf. 2 Ch 24:6 apply to the Levites
to bring , etc., cf. 31:9 ( ַל עboth pers. and rei). 5. ask for, require, demand , c. acc.
rei Ez 20:40 ; + ִן מpers. Dt 23:22 Mi 6:8 ; exact , often with collat. idea of avenging ,
ֵמעִםDt 18:19 , so with ִמיַּדEz 34:10 , דָּם ִמיַּד ָדּרַשׁGn 9:5 ( P ) Ez 33:6 ; acc. only,
דֹּרֵשׁ דמיםψ 9:13 , ִשׁעוֹ ְ ד׳ ר10:15 ; abs. v 4 , 13 2 Ch 24:22 . 6. seek with
application, study, follow, practise , abs. by wisdom Ec 1:13 ; with acc. ָט ִשׁפּ
ְ ד׳ מ
study or practise justice Is 1:17 ; 16:5 ; ֲשׂי י׳ ֵ ַמעψ 111:2 ; טָוֹב וְאַל־רַעAm 5:14 ;
commands of God ψ 119:45 , 94 , 155 1 Ch 28:8 ; the law Ezr 7:10 ; † ד׳ שׁלוםseek
or study the peace, welfare of any one Dt 23:7 Je 29:7 Ezr 9:12 , לשׁלוםJe 38:4 , ד׳
טובEst 10:3 , ד׳ רעהPr 11:27 ψ 38:13 ( cf. בקשׁ2 , where this use is more
common). 7. seek with care, care for , ֵשׁ אתהּ ארץ אשׁר יהוה אלהיך דֹּרland which
Yahweh thy God careth for Dt 11:12 ; הּ ַ ְשׁהוּ אֱלוֹ ֵ אַל־יְִדרlet not Eloah care for it Jb 3:4
; ך לֹא יִד׳ ְ אוֹ ָתJe 30:14 ; ְשׁה ֶצמֶרָ דָּֽרPr 31:13 ; with ְלJe 30:17 ; ְשׁי ִ אֵין דּוֹרֵשׁ ְלנַפ
no one careth for me ψ 142:5 ; but in both these ל ְ perhaps belongs to אֵין, cf. || אֵין לִי
ַמכִּירψ 142:5 , also La 4:4 etc.; ְרוּשׁה ָ דּcared for (of Jerus. ) Is 62:12 . Niph. Pf.
נִ ְד ָ ֑רשׁGn 42:22 , ַשׁתִּי
ְ נִ ְדרIs 65:1 , נִ ְד ָ ֑רשׁוּ1 Ch 26:31 ; Impf. ִא ָדּרֵשׁEz 14:3 ; 20:3 ,
31 ( ×2 ) ; 36:37 ; Inf. abs. אדָּרֹשׁ ִ ַהEz 14:3 (for —;) ההדרשׁ1. let oneself be
inquired of, consulted , only of God Ez 14:3 ( ×2 ) ; 20:3 , 31 ( ×2 ) ; 36:37 Is 65:1 . 2.
be sought out 1 Ch 26:31 . 3. be required , of blood ( cf. Qal 5 Gn 42:22 ( E ).
Note .— ֶם
ֵמ ָחרְבוֹתֵיה וְָדרְשׁוּand beg out of their desolate places ψ 109:10 ( Ki al.
wedŏršu , vid. Baer); many MSS. read ְשׁוּ דָּֽר, so most interpr.; Hup Bi Che
read ְשׁוּ
גֹּרbe driven from .
† [ ָשׁ
ִמ ְדרS 4097
TWOT 455a
GK 4535
] n. [ m. ] study, exposition, midrash ,
only cstr. ( ִמ ְדרַשׁlate; common in NH , in sense of imaginative exposition or
didactic story ) — ִים ִמ ְדרַשׁ ֵספֶר ַה ְמּ ָלכmidrash of the book of Kings 2 Ch 24:27 ;
ִמ ְדרַשׁ ַהנָּבִיא עִדּוֹmidrash of the prophet Iddo 2 Ch 13:22 . These were prob. of a
Intr. 497
didactic character, cf. Dr .
†[ ָשׁא
ָ דּS 1876
TWOT 456
GK 2012
] vb. sprout, shoot, grow green ( Assyrian
dišû Pi make abundant Lyon Sargontexte 77
; cf. also sub ֶשׁא
ֶ דּ, whence, according to
others, vb. denom. ) — Qal Pf. ָֽשׁאוּ
ְ דּ Jo 2:22 (subj. ָר
ִמ ְדבּ ) נְאוֹת. Hiph. Impf. 3
fs. ְשׁא
ֵ ( ַתּדjuss. ) Gn 1:11 cause to sprout or shoot forth ֶשׁא
ֶדּ ְשׁא הָאָרֶץ
ֵ ַתּד.— ָשׁא
ָדּ
Je 50:11 v. sub דּוּשׁ.
† ֶ ֫דּ ֶשׁא S 1877
TWOT 456a
GK 2013
n. m. Is 15:6 grass ( NH id. , Assyrian
† ָשׁן
ֵ דּS 1878 , 1879
TWOT 457 , 457b
GK 2014 , 2015
vb. be fat, grow fat ( Arabic ;
whence also grease, fat; NH ִשּׁן
ֵ דּmake fat , ֶשׁן
ֶ דּfat ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms.
cf. NH
ָשׁן
ֵ וְדconsec. Dt 31:20 (JE) fig. of Isr.’s prosperity. Pi. Pf. ִשּׁנְ ָתּ ַ דּψ 23:5 ; ִשּׁנוְּ וְד
consec. Nu 4:13 ; Impf. : ָה ַשּׁנֶה־סֶּֽלְ יְדψ 20:4 volunt. ( cf. Ges § 48, 3
De ; but
perhaps read sf. ה ָ ֶנ- , נָהּ- v. Ki Ges ); 3 fs. ַשּׁן־
l.c.
ֶ ְתּדPr 15:30 ; Inf. ַשּׁנוֹ ְ ְלדEx
27:3 —causat. make fat ראשׁי ד׳ בשׁמןi.e. anoint, symbol of festivity and joy ψ 23:5 ;
ד׳ ָע֑צֶםPr 15:30 of bodily effect of good news; ד׳ עולהfind a burnt-offering fat =
acceptable ψ 20:4 ; elsewhere denom. from ֶשׁן ֶ ( דּfat ashes);— take away, clear away the
fat ashes ( acc. of altar cleared) Nu 4:13 ( P ), so ַשּׁנוֹ ְ סירות ְלדEx 27:3 ( P ). Pu.
Impf. ֻשּׁן֑ ָ יְדPr 28:25 Is 34:7 ; 3 fs. ֻשּׁן ָ ְתּדPr 11:25 ; 13:4 — pass. of causat. Pi. be
made fat , of dust saturated ֶב ֵמ ֵחלIs 34:7 ; fig. of prosperity of the liberal Pr 11:25 ,
the diligent 13:4 , the trustful 28:25 . Hothp. Pf. 3 fs. שׁנָה ְ ֫ ( ֻה ַדּcf. Ol § 271 Ges § 54,
3
) Is 34:6 , of Yahweh’s sword:— it hath fattened itself ֶב ) מָֽלְאָה דָּם || ( ֵמ ֶחל.
† ֶ ֫דּ ֶשׁן S 1880
TWOT 457a
GK 2016
n. m. fatness, fat ashes — abs. ד׳ ψ 63:6 +
8 times, שׁןֶ ָ ֑דּLv 1:16 + 3 times; cstr. ֶשׁן
ֶ דּψ 36:9 ; sf. ִשׁנִי
ְ דּJu 9:9 — 1. fatness ,
abundance, luxuriance, oil, Ju 9:9 (of olive tree); abundance, fertility ψ 63:6 (in
simile || ֶב
) ֵחל, 65:12 , of food and drink, Jb 36:16 Je 31:14 ; passing over into fig.
of spiritual blessing ψ 36:9 ( ) ד׳ ביתך, Is 55:2 . 2. fat ashes , i.e. ashes of victims,
mixed with the fat Lv 1:16 ; 4:12 ( ×2 ) ; 6:3 , 4 (all P ) Je 31:40 1 Ki 13:3 , 5 .
† ָשׁן
ֵדּ S 1878 , 1879
TWOT 457 , 457b
GK 2014 , 2015
adj. fat , ָשׁן
ֵ דּIs 30:23 ( || ) ָשׁמֵן,
of ֶם
ֶלחas product of ground; fig. of righteous as trees ְשׁנִים
ֵ דּψ 92:15 ( || ) רעננים
fat, full of oil (?) or sap ( Che ; cf. ֶשׁן
ֶ דּJu 9:9 ); as subst. vigorous, stalwart ones (
opp. יוֹ ְרדֵי ָעפָר cf. Che ) ψ 22:30 ִשׁנֵי־
ְ ( ֶארֶץ דּBrüll שֹׁ ְכנֵי, Renan Hist. iii. 134
ישׁבֵי
ְ ).
† דֹּתָן S 1886
GK 2019
n.pr.loc. ( Δωθαειμ ) —in N. Israel, north of Samaria;
דֹּ ָת֑ן Gn 37:17 2 K 6:13 ; ת֑יְנָה
ָ ֹ דּGn 37:17 cf. Di ; mod. Tel Dotân , Bd. Pal.
228
.
· ַהTWOT , ַה, ָה, ( ֶהon the use of these different forms, see the Grammars: e.g.
459
Ges § 35 ), definite article , the ( so Moab. Ph. ( Schröd § 62–4 ), Liḥyan (NW. Arabia)
ha ( DHM Epigr. Denkm. 4. 13. 58 ff. ; not Assyrian Aramaic or Ethiopic: Arabic , of which,
before dentals, sibilants, and liquids, the l is written but not pronounced, thus pron. ’ash-
shamsu = Heb. ֶשׁ ַשּׁמ
ֶ — ) הin gen. the use of the art. in Heb. is analogous to its use in
Greek or German: but naturally there are applications peculiar to Hebrew ( comp. with
what follows Ges § 126 Ew § 277 ):— 1. joined with substantives: a. to mark a definite
concrete object, as Gn 1:1 the heavens and the earth, ך ְ ַה ֶמּ ֶלthe king, etc. Never,
however (as in Greek e.g. ὁΠλάτων ), before true proper names, though it is used with
certain terms, chiefly geographical, of which the orig. appellative sense has not been lost,
as ַל
‘ ַה ַבּעBaal,’ lit. ‘the lord,’ in pl. ַה ְבּ ָעלִיםi.e. the various local Baals, ַשּׂטָן ָ הthe
Adversary Jb 1:6 ff. (as a pr. n. ָשׂטָן, ‘Satan,’ only 1 Ch 21:1 ); ( ַה ְלּ ָבנוֹןbut not
) ַה ֶחרְמוֹן, ( ַהיַּ ְרדֵּןbut not ) הָאַרְנֹן, ַה ַכּ ְרמֶל, ַשּׁרוֹןָ הthe Sharon, ַשּׁ ֵפלָה ְ הthe (Judaean)
lowland, ָר ַה ִכּכּ, ַהמִּישׁוֹרthe (Moabite) table-land, ָה ֲע ָרבָה, ‘ ָהעַיAi ,’ ‘ ַהגִּ ְבעָה
Gibeah ,’ Ju 20:5 ff. , ִיל ‘ ַהגָּלGalilee,’ ַהִגּ ְלגָּל, ַהִגּלְבֹּ ַע, ָשׁן
ָ ַהבּ, ( ַהִגּ ְלעָדoften), ַשּׁטִים
ִה
, ָה
ַה ִמּ ְצפּ, ָה ָרמָה, ְשׁימוֹן
ִ ַהי, הָעֹפֶל, ַה ִפּ ְסגָּה. b. with an adjective to denote one who
exhibits a quality κατ ἐξοχήν , i.e. to express the compar. or superl. degree: so often, as
Gn 1:16 המאור הגדלthe greater light, הקטן המאורthe lesser light, 27:1 בנו הגדול
= his elder son, 48:14 הצעירthe younger , 42:13 ַהקָּטֹןthe little one, i.e. the
youngest (of Joseph’s brethren), Lv 21:10 ָיו ַהגָּדוֹל ֵמ ֶאחthe chiefest of his brethren, Nu
35:25 + הכהן הגדולthe chief priest, הצעיר ב׳the least among Ju 6:15 , הצעירה מן
the least of 1 S 9:21 , ָה ב׳
ַהיָּפthe fairest among Ct 1:8 , 2 K 10:3 Pr 30:30 , cf. Jos
14:15 . c. with nouns which are not definite in themselves, but acquire their definition
from the context, or from the manner in which they are introduced: thus ( α ) in the
postB post-Biblical.
Schröd P. Schröder, especially circa., Phönizische Sprache .
DHM D. H. Müller, Epigrophische Denkmäler, or Epigr. Denm. aus Arabien , or Epigr.
Denkm. aus Arabien, or Epigr. Denkm. aus Abessinien
standing phrases ַיּוֹם
הto-day , Gn 4:14 ; 21:26 + often; ַה ַלּיְלָהto-night , Gn 19:5 ;
30:15 + , once 1 S 15:16 last night; so ַשּׁנָה
ָ הthis year, 2 K 19:29 Jer 28:16 ; ַה ַפּעַם
this time, Gn 18:32 + , ָה ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָחמin battle 1 S 26:10 ; 30:24 2 S 19:4 . ( β ) ַהנָּהָרthe
river = Euphrates; Ex 2:15 the (local) well , Jos 8:11 the valley, 1 S 17:3 ; 1 S 19:10
the wall, v 13 the bed, 20:21 ַר ַהנַּעthe lad (whom Jonathan would naturally take with
him), v 34 the table. Hence occas. where a suffix would define the noun more
precisely, as ֲמוֹר
ַהח2 S 19:27 + = my ass, Ju 3:20 1 S 1:9 = ַה ִכּסֵּאhis seat, Ju
4:15 1 K 22:35 2 K 10:15 + ָה ַה ֶמּ ְר ָכּב, 1 S 18:10 ; 20:33 ַה ֲחנִית. d. it is a
peculiarity of Hebrew thought to conceive an object as defined by its being taken for a
particular purpose , and thus by a kind of prolepsis to prefix the art. to the noun denoting
it: 1 S 10:1 and Samuel took ֶן ַשּׁמ
ֶ אֶת־ ַפּ ְך הlit. the cruse of oil, not, however, a curse
which had been defined previously, but one rendered definite by being now taken; in
English idiom ‘ a cruse of oil,’ v 25 ֶר ַבּ ֵסּפlit. in the scroll or book, the one, viz. taken
for the purpose, i.e. in a scroll (so Ex 17:14 Nu 5:23 Jb 19:23 ), 21:10 ַשּׂ ְמלָה ִ בּ, Ju
4:18 ַשּׂמִיכָה
ְ וַ ְתּ ַכסֵּהוּ בּ, הָאֹהֶלa tent, 8:25 ; 9:48
v 19 ; 7:13 אֶת־ ַה ַקּ ְרדֻּמֹּת
hatchests , 20:16 every one able to sling ָה ַשּׂ ֲער
ַ ָבּ ֶאבֶן אֶל־הwith a stone at a hair, 1 S
6:8 רגָּז
ְ ( בָּאַunless indeed the אַ ְרגָּזwas an understood appendage in every cart), Nu
11:27 ַר ַהנַּעa young man, 13:23 בַּמּוֹטon a pole, Jos 2:15 ַבּ ֶחבֶלwith a cord, 2 S
17:17 השׁפחהa girl ( cf. Dr 1 S 1:4 ; 19:13 ). Sometimes it is uncertain whether an
art. is to be referred to c or d : e.g. 1 S 2:13 his prong or a prong, 2 S 18:9 his mule or
a mule, etc. e. with nouns that denote objects or classes of objects that are known to all ,
as ַצֹּאן ה, ַהזָּהָב, ; ַה ַמּיִםGn 13:2 Abram was very rich ַבּ ִמּ ְקנֶה ַבּ ֶכּסֶף וּ ַבזָּהָב, Ex
31:4 ַלעֲשׂוֹת ַבּזָּהָב וּ ַב ֶכּסֶף, Dt 14:26 and thou shalt lay out the money וּבַצֹּאן וּ ַביַּיִן
ַשּׁכָר ַבּ ָבּקָר ֵ וּב, 2 K 9:30 ָשׂם בַּפּוּ ְך עֵינֶי ָה ֶ וַתּ, in French ‘ elle mit du fard à ses yeux .’
It is, however, remarkable that this usage depends mostly on the punctuation, ֶף ַה ֶכּס,
ַהיַּיִן, ַה ֶלּחֶםetc. (except as applied to denote definite quantities of gold, wine, etc., as
Jos 6:24 ) being far less common than ֶף ֶכּס, יַיִןetc., but ַבּ ֶכּסֶף, ַל ֶכּסֶףetc. being much
more freq. than ֶף ְבּ ֶכס, ְל ֶכסֶףetc.: for instances in which the art. forms part of the
consonantal text, see Gn 6:20 ; 7:8 + העוףand הבהמה, Dt 8:3 ֶם ַה ֶלּח, 1 K 5:8 , 13
Is 28:7 היַּיִן ַ and ַשּׁכָר ֶ ה, 60:17 Ez 15:4 , 7 ָהאֵשׁ, Hb 2:5 Pr 20:1 ψ 65:14 הַצֹּאן
, Ct 1:11 Ec 7:12 . Cf. below, h. f. in comparisons , the object compared being, as a
rule, not an individual as such, but one exhibiting the characteristics of a class: Is 1:18
ַשּׁנִים
ָ כּ, כַּתּוֹלָעlike scarlet, like crimson (both meant generally), 5:24 ַכּמַּק יִ ְהיֶהv 28
ַכּצַּרand כַּסּוּפָה, 10:14 ַכּקֵּן, 13:8 ( כַּיּוֹ ֵלדָהas always with this word, e.g. 42:14 ψ
48:7 ), 11:7 ָר ; ַכּ ָבּק+ often (The usage is not, however, quite uniform, at least according
to the punctuation: there occurs e.g. ַשׁ ְכּקJb 41:21 Is 47:14 ; כְּאַ ְריֵהψ 7:3 al. : and
we find both ִיא ַכּ ָלּבIs 5:29 and ְכּ ָלבִיאHo 13:8 ; ָכּ ֲארִיIs 38:13 and ַכּ ֲארִיNu 24:9 ;
ַכּגִּבּוֹר Is 42:13 and ְגבור
כּJb 16:14 ; etc.) Similarly Gn 19:28 ְשׁן
ָ ְכּקִיטֹר ַה ִכּבas the
smoke of a furnace, Nu 11:8 , 12 ִשּׂא ָ ֲשׁר יֶ הָאֹמֵן אֶת־הַיֹּנֵק ַכּא, Dt 28:29 ( ) ָה ִעוֵּר,
Ju 8:18 b בּנֵי
ְ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך כְּתֹאַר, 14:6 ְשׁסַּע ַהגְּדִי
ַ כּlike (a lion’s) rending a kid, 16:9 1 K
14:15 Zc 12:10 ִיד ְכ ִמ ְספֵּד עַל ַהיָּחas mourning over an only child, 13:9 + . Where,
however, the standard of comparison is not the class in general, but only a particular part
of it, defined by a special epithet (whether adj. or verb), the art. is naturally omitted:
thus ַמֹּץ כּlike chaff (in general) Is 41:15 , but כְּמֹץ עֹבֵרlike chaff passing away
29:5 ; ֵל
ַכּצּJb 14:2 , but נָטוּי ְכּצֵלψ 102:12 ; ַכּקַּשׁIs 40:24 . but ְכּקַשׁ נִדָּף41:2 ; כָּאַיָּל
Is 35:6 , but ֲרֹג על וג׳ כְּאַיָּל ַתּעlike a hind ( that ) longeth for streams of water ψ 42:2
; ֵשׁ ָכּאIs 9:17 , but ְכּאֵשׁ תבער יערlike fire ( that ) kindleth a wood ψ 83:15 ; ָשׁן ָ ֶכעIs
51:6 , but ָהָשׁן ֵמ ֲא ֻרבּ
ָ ְכּעlike smoke from a chimney Ho 13:3 : so Is 62:1 b Jb 9:26 ;
11:16 ְרוּ ְכּ ַמיִם עָֽבlike waters ( that ) have passed by , etc.; Dt 32:2 a ַכּ ָמּטָר, ַכּטַּל,
but v 2 b ֶשׁא ֶ ִשׂעִירִים ֲעלֵי־דְ כּ, ֵשׂב ִכּ ְרבִיבִים
ֶ ֲעלֵי־ע. Where the art. is found,
although a rel. clause follows (as ψ 1:4 ; 49:13 Is 61:10 ), this is prob. to be regarded
not as limiting the class of object compared, but as describing it. g. prefixed to generic
nouns (in the singular) it designates the class , i.e. it imparts to the noun a collective
force, as Ex 1:22 ֵן כָּל־ ַהבּall (lit. the whole of) the sons , כָּל־ ַהבַּתall the daughters ,
Lv 17:8 , 10 מִן־ ַהגֵּרof the strangers , who sojourn in their midst, Nu 21:7 ַהנָּחָשׁthe
serpents; Gn 14:13 Ez 24:26 ; 33:21 ִיט ַה ָפּלthose who escaped; Jos 6:7 + ֶהחָלוּץ
6:9 , 13 ֵף ; ַהמְאַסּ8:19 ; הָאוֹרֵב1 S 13:17 ַשׁחִית ְ ; ַהמּMi 2:13 ; Is 6:4 הַקּוֹרֵאthe
choir of criers; 1 S 24:14 קדְמֹנִי ַ ַהthe ancients; Ec 7:26 ִשּׁה ָ אֶת־ ַהאwoman, and often
with gentile names, as ִי ַהיְבוּסthe Jebusites, ַה ְכּ ֵרתִי וְ ַה ְפּ ֵלתִי2 S 8:18 al. , ַה ָדּנִיJu
18:1 etc., לּוִי
ֵ ַהthe Levites, Nu 3:20 ; 18:23 Mal 2:8 ψ 135:20 + . h. with nouns
denoting abstract ideas, especially the names of moral qualities ( cf. Gk. ἡ δίκη , Fr . la
justice), chiefly in two cases—( α ) where the art. is recognizable in the consonantal text,
exceptionally, when some emphasis or definiteness is intended, as Dt 7:9 שׁומר הברית
החסד הזה ; והחסד2 S 2:5 1 K 3:6 ; את החסד והרחמיםJe 16:5 ( contr. Zc 7:9 );
† הצדקIs 1:26 ; 61:3 Ec 3:16 ; † ַה ְצּ ָדקָהIs 32:17 ( ×2 ) (contrast v 16 ) Dn 9:7
(emph.); ַת ַה ַדּעHo 4:6 ; ָה ֱאמֶתGn 32:11 ( sq. ֲשׁר
ֶ ) א, Is 59:15 (contrast v 14 ) Zc
8:3 , 19 ; ֱמוּנָה † ָהאIs 11:5 b ( contr. v a) Je 7:28 ; ַה ָח ְכמָהJb 28:12 , 20 ; ַה ַחיִּים
Gn 2:9 + ; ָה † הָאַ ֲהבCt 2:7 ; 3:5 ; 8:4 , 7 ; ַשּׁקֶר
ֶ † הJe 7:4 , 8 ; 23:26 ; ַה ָמּוֶתIs
25:8 Ru 1:17 + ; ֶשׁע ַ † ָהרψ 125:3 Ec 3:16 ; ִשׁעָה ְ † ָהרZc 5:8 ; ַחֹשׁ ְך
ֶ הIs 60:2 Ec
2:13 ; see also Dt 30:15 , 19 ( Je 21:8 ), 1 K 7:14 Je 32:19 Mal 2:5 החיים והשׁלום,
ψ 123:4 ; 130:4 Dn 9:9 1 Ch 29:11 2 Ch 1:12 Pr 31:30 Ec 2:13 , 17 ; 7:12 , 19 ;
Fr S. Frensdorff.
contr. contract, contracted.
10:6 ; 11:10 : but in all such cases ֶד
ֶחס, ֶצדֶק, ֱאמֶת, etc. are far more common. ( β )
where the art. depends on the punctuation, after preps. especially בּ
ְ , but with much
irregularity, as ֶד
ַבּ ֶחסIs 16:5 Pr 20:28 (but בְּח׳Ho 2:21 Pr 16:6 ), ַבּ ֶצּדֶקPr 25:5
(elsewhere always ְץ׳
בּ: ִבּ ְצ ָדקָהalso always); ֶבּ ֱאמֶתand ֶבּאֱמוּנָהalways; ַשּׁקֶר
ֶ † בּIs
28:15 (but || כּזָב
ָ , not ) ַה ָכּזָבJe 5:31 ; 13:25 ; 20:6 ; 23:14 ( ְשׁקֶר
ֶ † בּJe 3:10 ; 29:9
); ַשּׁלוֹם
ָ † בּψ 29:11 Jb 15:21 (elsewhere ְשׁלוֹם
ָ ;) בּZc 12:4 to smite ַשּׁגָּעוֹן
ִבּ
( וּ ַב ִעוָּרוֹןbut Dt 28:28 ) בְּשׁגעון וּבְעורון, cf. Gn 19:11 Dt 28:22 ; to enter with one
ִשׁפָּט
ְ ַבּמּJb 9:32 ; 22:4 (but בְּמשׁפטψ 143:2 ), contrast also Pr 18:5 with 24:23 ;
ִשׁפָּט
ְ ַלמּIs 59:11 ψ 9:8 (but לְם׳Is 5:7 ψ 122:5 ); Pr 2:2 ; 7:4 ( ַל ָח ְכמָהbut never
הַחכמהin Pr 1–9 , or indeed in the whole book); Pr 2:3 ; 7:4 ַלבִּינָה, Jb 39:17 ַבּבִּינָה
(but never ִינָה ;) ַהבּPr 2:2 , 3 ( ַלתְּבוּנָהbut ַהתְּבוּנָהonly 1 K 7:14 emph.); to perish
ַבּ ָצּמָאJu 15:18 + ; Is 29:21 בַּתֹּהוּ, 32:19 ִשׁפַּל ָהעִיר ְ ַשּׁ ְפלָה תִּ בּGerm. in die
Niedrigkeit sinkt die Stadt , 45:16 together they go ָה ( ַב ְבּ ִלמּin die Schmach ), 46:2
ַשּׁבִי
ְ בּinto captivity, 47:5 ַחשׁ ְךֶ ( בֹּאִי בso always: never ) בְחשׁך. The living language
may have used the art. more readily after a prep., where it did not lengthen the word by
an entire syll.; still the disparity of usage between α and β makes it not improb. that the
art. in β is in many cases not original but due to the punctuators. i. to mark the vocative:
1 S 17:55 ך ְ חֵי־נפשׁך ַה ֶמּ ֶלas thy soul liveth, O king, I do not know, v 58 בן מי אתה
ַהנַּעַרWhose son art thou, lad? 2 S 14:4 Help, O king! 1 K 18:26 ַה ַבּעַל ֲענֵנוּ, 2 K 9:5
ַשּׂרָ ֵאלֶי ָך ה, Is 42:18 ְשׁים ְשׁ ָמ֑עוּ
ִ ַהחֵֽר, Je 2:31 הַדּוֹר אַתֶּם רְאוּ וג׳, Ez 37:4
ָה ֲעצָמוֹת ַהיְּבֵשׁוֹתO dry bones, Mal 3:9 ( הַגּוֹי כֻּלּוֹDr § 198 Obs. 2 ).
N. B. In poetry, the article is frequently dispensed with before words which would
naturally take it in prose: thus ψ 2:2 , 8 , 10 & often ֶץ ; ֶאר8:9 ; 18:10 ; 33:6 +
( ; ָשׁ ַמיִםrarely in prose, Gn 1:8 ; 2:4 1 K 8:35 ); 21:2 ; 45:14 , 16 ; 61:6 al. ; ֶמ ֶל ְך
66:6 ; 72:8 + ; יָם59:7 , 15 ִיר ; עJu 5:2 ψ 18:44 עָםetc.; ψ 9:6 , 17 & often ָשׁע ָ; ר
Is 1:2 , 6 , 21 ; 3:10 , 11 ; 11:6 , 7 , 8 .
2. With adjectives, participles , and demonstrative pronouns ( הוא, היא, המה, הם,
זה, זאת, ) אלה: viz. a. (so regularly) when the subst. qualified by these words is
defined by it likewise , as = המלך הגדולὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ μέγας , Gn 2:12 הארץ ההוא,
20:1 הוֶּה
ַ ַה ָדּבָר, Jos 2:3 = הבאים אליך האנשׁיםοἱ ἄνδρες οἱ ἐλθόντες πρὸς σέ ,
Gn 13:5 ; 16:13 ; 24:65 ; 32:21 Ju 6:28 Is 65:3 , 4 , 5 ; 66:24 ψ 31:9 . So also
with adjj. & ptcpp., if the subst. be defined by a sf. (as Dt 4:37 הגָּדֹל
ַ בְּכֹחוֹ, 1 S
8:14 ; זֵיתֵיכֶם הַטֹּבוֹתand with a pron., if it be defined by a gen. (as Dt 29:20 1 S
14:29 ; 15:14 2 K 6:32 הזֶּה ַ בֶן־ ַה ְמּ ַר ֵצּ ַחthis son of a murderer), but not if it be defined
by a sf. , as Ex 10:1 ֶה( אֹתֹתַי ֵאלּnot ) אתתי ָה ֵאלָּה, Jos 2:14 ְד ָברֵנוּ זֶהthis our
word (not הזֶּה
ַ ) ד׳: v. Dr § 209 Obs.
Similarly when the art. with the ptcp. has a
resumptive force, ψ 33:15 ( v 14 he looketh forth from the place, & c. ), הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד
ִלבָּםhe that formeth , etc., 19:11 ַהנֶּ ֱח ָמדִים ִמזָּהָבwhich ( v 10 b) are more desirable
than gold, 49:7 ( 6 b the inquity of my aggressors surroundeth me), ִים
הַבֹּ ְטחwho trust
§ 135, 7
in their riches, etc., Gn 49:21 Is 46:6 ; 51:20 Jb 6:16 + ( v. Dr ). b. (rare)
when the subst. qualified by the adj. or ptcp. was felt to be sufficiently definite for its
own art. to be dispensed with, as sometimes with the word day Gn 1:31 יום השׁשׁי, 2:3
יום השׁביעי, Ex 12:15 , 18 ; 20:10 ( = Dt 5:14 ) Lv 19:6 ; 22:27 : so with ָבוֹא
מ
entrance Je 38:14 , ַר
ַשׁעZc 14:10 ; ָחצֵרcourt 1 K 7:8 , 12 Ez 40:28 al. ; also in
certain phrases (peculiar to P ) where the subst. is defined by כל, as Gn 1:21 ַה ַחיָּה
כָּל־נֶפֶשׁall living souls, v 28 ֶשׂתֶ כָּל־ ַחיָּה הָרֹמall living things that creep , etc.,
7:21 ; 9:10 Lv 11:10 , 46 ; further in isolated cases, hardly reducible to rule, Lv 24:10
1 S 12:23 ָה
ֶדּ ֶר ְך הַטּוֹב, 16:23 רוּ ַח ָה ָרעָה, 2 S 12:4 לְאישׁ העשׁירJe 6:20 ; 17:2
Zc 4:7 ψ 104:18 Ezr 10:9 ִי ְשׁיע
ִ ( חֹדֶשׁ ַהתּquite exceptional in OT ). (With prons. this
use is so rare that, where it occurs, it is dub. if the text be sound: 1 S 17:12 , 17 Je
40:3 Kt Mi 7:11 ). And with the ptcp. : 1 S 25:10 ִים ַרבִּים ֲע ָבדִים ַה ִמּ ְתפָּֽ ְרצmany
are the slaves who break away etc., Is 7:20 Je 27:3 ; 46:16 = 50:16 הַיּוֹנָה ֶח ֶרבthe
oppressing sword, Ez 2:3 (but Co om. ) הגוים, 14:22 ; 32:22 , 24 ψ 62:4 Pr
26:18 Ju 21:19 (very anomal., read prob. ָה
) ַל ְמּ ִסלּ. This usage is somewhat more freq.
in the later parts of OT ; and in postB . Heb. it is very general (e.g. ַע
יֵצֶר ָהרthe evil
§ 209
inclination): v. further Dr . c. with the ptcp. , where the ptcp. with the art. forms
really the subject: Gn 2:11 ֵב הוּא הַסּוֹבnot ‘it was encompassing,’ but ‘it is that which
encompassed ,’ 45:12 פִּי ַה ְמ ַדבֵּרmy mouth is that which speaketh, Dt 3:21 עֵינֶי ָך
הָרֹאוֹתthine eyes were those which saw , 4:3 ; 8:18 ὅτι οὑ̂τός ἐστιν ὁ διδοὺς σοί , Is
§ 135. 7
14:27 ; 66:9 ( v. Dr ).
W W. Wright, ArabicGram.
part. particle.
introduced usually by ה ֲ , the second by אִםor (more rarely) וְאִם: see exx. under אִם2
(p. 50 ). The disjunctive question may express a real alternative (as Jos 5:13 ), or (as
especially in poetry) the same thought may be repeated in a different form, in two parallel
clauses (e.g. Is 10:15 ): in the latter case, the answer No is usually expected ( v. p. 50 ).
Only very rarely is the second question introduced by ה ֲ Ju 14:15 (where, however,
הֲלֹםought no doubt to be read, with MSS., Be al. , for ֲלֹא
) ה, or אוֹJu 18:19
Jb 16:3 ; 38:28 , 31 .
† ַל הS 1973 TWOT 496a Dt 32:6 ( הַל יְהוָֹה ִתּגְמְלוּ־זֹאתso V. d. H and other
edd.) The reading here became early a subject of dispute, and MSS. and edd. vary
accordingly. Some follow the school of Nehardea, and read ַל יְהוָֹה
; הothers (so
Norzi) follow the school of Sora, and read ְיהוָֹה
ל ; ַהothers (so Hahn) have
ַהלְיהוָֹה. Were הַלoriginal, it would be an interrog. part. = Arabic , for which
elsewhere ה ֲ is always found. The other punctuations would also each be highly
irregular. The true reading is undoubtedly ַיהוָֹה ) ַה ְליַ ְהוֶה ( ֲהל. ( Cf. De Rossi Var.
Lect. ad loc. Jüd. Zeitschr. 1864–65, p. 89 f.
; and on the possible origin of the anomaly, Gei
† הֵאS 1887
TWOT 461
GK 2026
interj. ( Aramaic ָא
ה, Dn 2:43 ( הֵאq.v. ), ; Arabic
) lo, behold! Gn 47:23 Ez 16:43 .
† הֶאָחS 1889
TWOT 462
GK 2027
interj. ( onomatop. ) expressing joy, Aha!
always introduced by ַר
אָמ, Is 44:16 he says, Aha , I am warm, I have seen the fire. Of
WR C. H. H. Wright.
Gei A. Geiger.
Jüd. Zeitschr. Monatsschrift für Gesch. u. Wiss. des Judenthums .
satisfaction over the misfortune of an enemy or rival, ψ 35:21 , 25 let them not say in
their heart ְשׁנוּ
ֵ הֶאָח נַפAha , so would we have it! ( lit. our desire!) 40:16 ( = 70:4 ),
Ez 25:3 ; 26:2 ; 36:2 . Metaph. , of the neighing of a war horse in the battle, Jb 39:25 .
; 12:8 , sf. ֶה ְבלִיetc. Ec 6:12 ; 7:15 ; 9:9 ( ×2 ) ; pl. ֲה ָבלִיםJe 10:8 + ; cstr. ַה ְבלֵי
Je 8:19 + , sf. ֶם ַה ְבלֵיהDt 32:21 + ;— 1. lit. Is 57:13 all of them (the idols) ִשּׂא־רוּ ַח ָי
יִקַּח ָ ֑הבֶלa breath ( B aura) will carry away, Pr 21:6 , the getting of treasures by a
lying tongue is ֶל נִדָּף ֶהב, a vapour driven away. Elsewhere always 2. fig. of what is
evanescent, unsubstantial, worthless, vanity , as of idols Je 10:15 = 51:18 ; 16:19
) ֶשׁקֶר || ( ֶהבֶל וְאֵין בָּם מוֹעִיל, heathen observances 10:3 , and in phr. ָה ַל ְך אַ ֲחרֵי
ַה ֶהבֶל 2:5 2 K 17:5 ; Pr 13:11 הוֹן ֵמ ֶהבֶלwealth (gotten) out of vanity (i.e. not by solid
toil, opp. ֵץ ) עַל יָד קֹבis minished (but B Ew מְבֹהָל, v. 20:21 Qr ), 31:30
֑ ֶשׁקֶר ַהחֵן וְ ֶהבֶל ה, La 4:17 ֶהבֶל אֶל ֶעזְ ָרתֵנוּto our vain ( Dr § 193 n. ) help; of life
ַיֹּפִי
Jb 7:16 ָֽי׃ כִּי ֶהבֶל יָמ, ψ 78:33 וַיְכַל ַבּ ֶהבֶל יְמֵיהֶםconsumed their days as ( ְבּI 7 d )
vanity , man ψ 39:6 , 12 ; 62:10 ַֽד׃ ֶהבֶל ְבּנֵי אָדָם … ֵהמָּה ֵמ ֶהבֶל יָחthey are altogethr
(made) of vanity , 94:11 : 144:4 , especially in Ec (31 times + ִים ֲהבֵל ֲה ָבל1:2 ( ×2 ) ;
12:8 ) of the fruitlessness of all human enterprise and endeavour, 1:2 ַכֹּל ֶהבֶל ה, v 14
הַכֹּל ֶהבֶל וּרְעוּת רוּ ַחall was vanity and the pursuit of wind, 2:1 , 14 , 15 etc., 6:4
(of an abortion) ֶא ַבּ ֶהבֶל בּi.e. into a lifeless existence, v 11 יֵשׁ ְדּ ָברִים ַה ְרבֵּה ַמ ְרבִּים
( ָ ֑הבֶלof discussions leading to no result), note also the phrases ֶהבְלוֹ ( יְמֵי, ֶה ְבלִי ) ֶה ְב ְל ָך
7:15 ; 9:9 , חיֵּי ה׳ ַ יְמֵי6:12 ; 9:9 ; Jb 27:12 ( v. ) ָהבַל, Is 49:4 לְתֹהוּ וָ ֶהבֶלfor
nought and vanity have I spent my strength; as adv. accus. vainly, to no purpose Is 30:7
ֶהבֶל וָרִיק יַעְזֹ֑רוּ, ψ 39:7 אַ ְך ֶהבֶל יֶ ֱהמָיוּןthey disquiet themselves to no purpose , Jb
9:29 ֶהבֶל אִיגָֽע35:16 , with נִחַםto comfort 21:34 Zc 10:2 . Pl. † ֲה ָבלִיםof false
gods, Dt 32:21 ֶם ) בְּלֹא־אֵל || ( ִכּעֲסוּנִי ְב ַה ְבלֵיה1 K 16:13 , 26 Je 8:19 ( ַה ְבלֵי נֵכָר
|| ֶם
) ִבּ ְפסִילֵיה, 10:8 ; 14:22 ַה ְבלֵי הַגּוֹיִם, ψ 31:7 ֵי־שׁוְא
ָ הַשֹּׁ ְמרִים ַה ְבלempty
vanities Jon 2:9 ; in more general sense Ec 1:2 ( ×2 )
; 12:8 ִים ֲהבֵל ֲה ָבל, 5:6 .
† [ ַל
ָהבS 1891
TWOT 463
GK 2038
] vb. denom. act emptily, become vain — Qal
Je 2:5 = 2 K 17:15 they went after vanity בּ֑לוּ
ָ וַיֶּ ְהand became vain , ψ 62:11
אַל־ ֶתּ ְה ָבּ֑לוּ וּ ְבגָזֵלdo not become vain (i.e. be demoralized) by robbery; with acc.
cogn. Jb 27:12 ָה זֶה ֶהבֶל ֶתּ ְה ָבּ֑לוּ ָלמּwhy do ye become vain with vanity (i.e. shew
yourselves utterly vain)? Hiph. cause to become vain Je 23:16 (of false prophets)
ַמ ְה ִבּלִים ֵהמָּה ֶא ְתכֶםi.e. fill you with vain hopes.
† [ ִי
ָה ְבנS 1894
TWOT 464
GK 2041
] n. [ m. ] ebony ( so Symm B Ki &
moderns; otherwise S ; Egyptian heben , Lieblein ÄZ 1886, 13
cf. Pinsker
Einleitung 83
; Gk. ἔβενος , Lat. hebenum ) —only pl. ָה ְבנִים Ez 27:15 Qr ( Kt
; ַקרְנוֹת ֵשׁן והבנים ) הובניםit was brought from India, & (finer) from Ethiopia, cf.
Sm & reff.
†[ ָהבַר S 1895 TWOT 465 GK 2042 ] vb. ? divide ( so most, but dub. ; Arabic cut
into large pieces, cut up , is perhaps denom. from a ‘chunk’ of meat; comparison of
Arabic be acquainted with, skilled in ( AW Kn Di ) is also doubtful; if correct, then
read ; חברbut cf. infr. ) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. הברוIs 47:13 Kt , Pt. ֵי הֹ ְברQr ;
הֹ ְב ֵר֯ו ָשׁ ַמיִם הַהֹוִים בַּבּוֹ ָכבִיםthey that divide the heavens, that gaze at the stars ( Kt
would be rel. cl. without ֲשׁר ֶ ה׳ ;) אthen refers to the distinguishing of signs of zodiac, or
other astrological division of sky, cf. Che ; on zodiac in Babylon v. Jen Kosmologie 57 ff. ;
& on planets & constellations Id. ib. 95 ff. Epping & Strm Astronomisches aus Bab. 109 ff. ;—but
text prob. corrupt; GFM (June, 1892) suggests ֵי ( חֹ ְקרcf. חקר את־הארץJu 18:2 ).
הגגTWOT 466
( murmur , then muse;
cf. Arabic burn, blaze (of fire), make a
murmuring noise in burning; PS gives Syriac phantasma vidit, somniavit; Ethpe. &
especially Ethpa. mente concepit, imaginatus est; cf. also הגָה
ָ ).
† [ ִיג
ָהגS 1901
TWOT 466a
GK 2052
] n. m. murmuring ( Che ), whisper,
musing ( on form cf. Ba NB 136
) —only ֲהגִיגִי1.
בִּינָה ה׳understand
sf. ψ 5:2
my murmuring (whispering, faint utterance), addressed to י׳. 2. ψ 39:4 הגִיגִי
ֲ ַבּin my
musing i.e. while I was musing.
֫ ַהגֻּד
ְגֹּדָה v. sub גדדp. 151 .
† הָגוּת S 1900
TWOT 467b
GK 2050
n. f. meditation, musing , only cstr. (with
firm— ָ cf. Sta § 304 c ) ִי
חְבוּנוֹת פִי יְַדבֵּר ָחכְמוֹת וְה׳ ִלבּψ 49:4 my mouth shall
speak wisdom, and the musing of my heart shall be understanding .
† ִהגָּיוֹן S 1902
TWOT 467c
GK 2053
n. m. resounding music, meditation,
musing ;— ה׳abs. ψ 9:17 ; 92:4 ; cstr. ֶהגְיוֹן ψ 19:15 ; sf. ֶהגְיוֹנָם La 3:62 ;—
1. resounding music; ִנּוֹר
ְבּכ ֲעלֵי ִהגָּיוֹן ψ 92:4 with sounding music upon the lyre (
Che ); cf. ה׳ ֶס֑לָהψ 9:17 (a musical direction, v. ) סלה. 2. meditation, musing
ִא ְמרֵי־פִי וְ ֶהגְיוֹן ִלבִּיψ 19:15 the words of my mouth and the meditation of my
heart; also in bad sense = plotting ַי ִשׂ ְפתֵי ָקמַי וְ ֶהגְיוֹנָם ָעלLa 3:62 the lips of
those rising against me, and their imagining against me ( || ָם ְשׁבֹת
ְ ַמחv 61 ; cf. I.
ָהגָה3 b ).
† II. ָה
ָהגS 1897 , 1898
TWOT 467 , 468
GK 2047 , 2048
vb. remove ( Thes comp. ינה
) — Qal Pf. ָהגָהIs 27:8 ( Di reads ;) ָהגָהּInf. abs. הָגוֹPr 25:4 , 5 ;— הָגוֹ
סִיגִים ִמ ָכּ֑סֶףPr 25:4 remove (lit. a removing ) dross from silver; as sim. of
following ך ְ ָשׁע ִל ְפנֵי ֶמ ֶל
ָ הָגוֹ רPr 25:5 remove ( the ) wicked before a king; ָהגָה
ָשׁה
ָ בְּרוּחוֹ ַהקּIs 27:8 , according to Di ( v. supr. ) he ( ) י׳hath removed her (i.e.
sent into exile; his people under fig. of faithless wife) by his harsh wind; so transl.
also Ew Che ( he scared her away ) Brd RV VB ; De follows MT , regards as
ellipt. rel. cl., and renders by ptcp. , ‘sichtend (i.e. sifting, winnowing ) heftigen
Hauches,’ but conjectures ָגֹה ( הInf. abs. )
ֵהגַי S 1896
GK 2051
, ָ֑י
ֵהגn.pr. m. v. ֵהגֵא.
הגןTWOT 469
( NH ָהגַן, Aramaic ֲהגַןbe suitable, fit, worthy: on orig. meaning cf.
Fl in NHWB , s.v. )
† [ ִין
ָהגS 1903
TWOT 469a
GK 2054
] adj. appropriate, suitable ? ( cf. NH
Aramaic supr. ) — ַהגְּ ֶדרֶת ֲהגִינָהEz 42:12 the corresponding (?) wall , Ke ;
otherwise Vrss ( καλάμου , B separatum , etc.); Thes connects הגיןwith
preceding ך
ְ ֶדּ ֶר, ‘ aptus, idoneus (de via),’ AV RV ‘the way directly before the
wall;’ in neither connexion does it give good sense, and the text is doubtless wrong
cf. Sm Da ; Co conj. החצר החיצונהthe outer court .
הגרTWOT 470
( √ of foll.;? cf. Arabic forsake, retire; emigration, Hegira ) .
† ָר ָהגS 1904 TWOT 470a GK 2057 n.pr. f. Hagar , Sarah’s Egyptian maid,
mother of Ishmael, Gn 16:1 , 4 , 8 (all J ), v 3 , 15 ( ×2 ) , 16 ; 25:12 (all P ),
21:9 , 14 , 17 ( ×2 ) (all E ).
† ַהְגרִי S 1905
GK 2058
1. n.pr. gent. only pl. ַהְגרִים ψ 83:7 ; ִים
ַה ַהְג ִרא1 Ch
5:10 , ִים ַה ַהְגרִיא1 Ch 5:19 , 20 ; a tribe (Aramaean? Arabian?) with which the E.
Jordan Israelites waged successful war; v. dub. conj. as to identity in Glas Skizze ii,
407
. 2. adj. gent. of an officer of David ִי יָזִיז ַה ַהְגר1 Ch 27:31 . 3. n.pr. m. father
of one of David’s warriors ִי
בֶּן־ ַהְגר1 Ch 11:38 (but || 2 S 23:36 ָבּנִי ַהגָּדִי, so here
Öt , cf. Be Th Sm Dr Sm ).
הֵד S 1906
TWOT 471b
GK 2059
v. sub הדד.
הדדTWOT ( perhaps make a loud noise; so Arabic (of a falling building, rain,
471
the sea, a braying camel); crash (of a falling wall, etc.), thunder . )
הֵידָד S 1959
TWOT 471a
GK 2116
n. m. Is 16:9 shout, shouting, cheer (of a
multitude; on formation compare Ol § 181 a
Sta § 218 b
);— ה׳only abs. , Is 16:9 +
6 times Is & Je;— 1. shouting in harvest Is 16:10 , Je 48:33 ( ×3 )
where לֹא יִדְרֹ ְך
הֵידָד הֵידָד לֹא הֵידָד, i.e. the shouting is no vineyard-shouting, but that of the foe,
cf. infr. ; comp. 25:30 י׳shall utter ( ענָה ָ ) a shout like the ( grape- ) treaders ( sq.
ָל־ישׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ
ְ ) אֶל כּ. Hence also 2. shout of the foe Is 16:9 ( ) נָפַל עָל, Je 51:14 (
;) וְעָנוּ ָע ַליְִך הֵידָדcf. 25:30 ; 48:33 supr.
† הֵד S 1906
TWOT 471b
GK 2059
n. [ m. ] id. , only Ez 7:7 ( הֵד ָהרִיםjoyous )
shout on mountains ( opp. מְהוּמָהnoise of battle ).
† ֲהדַד S 1908
TWOT 471c
GK 2060
n.pr. m. Hadad ( Αδερ but v. הדד
Aramaic n.pr. div. DHM Altsem. Inschr. von Sendschirli 56
, and n.pr. עבדהדדScholz
, הדדנדנאחEut
Götzendienst 245 SBAk 1887, 410
cf. Bae Rel. 68
& sub. בן־הדדp. 122 ;
also Adda , etc., in cpd. n.pr. Bez Tell el-Amarna BM 155 ; Hadad, Adad, Addu is known
as an Aramaic deity, weather or storm-god, cf. Bae Rel. 67.68 ; perhaps = thunderer
Dl ZK 1885, 166 Bae l.c. , cf. ִמּוֹן
; רon Hadad in Arabia cf. We Skizzen iii. 51 ; Sab.
הדד Hal 27
; as n.pr. div. Heb. only in cpd. n.pr. m. , v. infr. ) — 1. name of
kings of Edom, a. Gn 36:35 = 1 Ch 1:46 , Gn 36:36 = 1 Ch 1:47 ( ֑הדָד ֲ ); b. 1
Ch 1:50 ( || Gen 36:39 הדַר ֲ , v 51 ( ) ֲה ָד֑ד. 2. an Edomite ( ה׳ ) ָהאֲדֹ ִ ֑מי1 K
11:14 , 17 , 19 , 21 ( ×2 ) , 25 ( ֑הדָד
ֲ ); = ֲאדַדv 17 .
† ֲה ַד ְדרִמּוֹן n.pr. divin. (or n.pr.loc. der from n.pr. divin. ), Hadadrimmon ( =
n.pr. divin. Hadad ( cf. supr. ) + n.pr. divin. Rimmon, Rammân , v. ; רִמּוֹןcf.
COT Zc 12:11 Dl ZK 1885, 175 & on question of nom. loc. or divin. Brd Zc Baud
Stud. i. 293 f.
Hi - St Zc Ri HWB RS Sem i. 392 ) —in simile of mourning in Jerusalem
ֲה ַד ְדרִמּוֹן ְבּ ִב ְקעַת ְמגִדּוֹז ְכּ ִמ ְספַּד Zc 12:11 ; on ה׳for ההרמונהAm 4:3 , v. הרמון
; & cf. Hi - St Gunning.
† [ ַי
] יַ ְהדּn.pr. m. one of the family of Caleb ( according to Thes = יהדיה, י׳
leads cf. Ol § 277 h. p. 621;
but dub. ) יַ ְה ָדּ֑י 1 Ch 2:47 (Baer; al. ) יֶ ְה ָדּ֑י.
הֹדֹה v. הוד.
† ֫
הֹדּוּ S 1912
GK 2064
n.pr.loc. India ( Old Pers. Hiñd’u Spieg
Altpers. Kellinschr. 246
Skr. Sindhu, sea, great river , v. reff. in Rö Thes Add 83 , Yule Anglo-Indian Glossary, 329 ff. ;
cf. in Arabic , Aramaic etc. ) only ַד־כּוּשׁ ) הַמֹּ ֵל ְך ( מֵהֹ֫דּוּ וְעEst 1:1 ; 8:9 (
in both ἀπὸ τη̂ς Ινδικη̂ς ).
† הֲדוֹרָם S 1913
GK 2066 , 2067
n.pr. m. 1. Arabian tribe, called son of Joktan Gn
10:27 ( cf. Di ) = 1 Ch 1:21 ;; Glas ii. 435
comp. Dauram near Ṣan’â in Yemen (
Sab. הדרום CIS iv. 1, p. 1
; ῾Οδορρα Gn 10:27 , L Οδορραμ ; 1 Ch 1:21
B om., L Αδωραμ ) . 2. son of Tou ( ) תֹּעוּking of Hamath 1 Ch 18:10 (
῾Ιδουρααμ , L Αθωραμ ); so read prob. in || 2 S 8:10 , for ָם
יוֹר, cf.
Ιεδδουραν , v. We Dr ).— ָם
הֲדֹרv. p. 214 .
†[ ָה ַד ְךS 1915
TWOT 473
GK 2070
] vb. cast or treat down ( Arabic tear down (a
building), synon. of ) — Qal Imv. ְשׁעִים
ָ הֲדֹ ְך ר Jb 40:12 cast or tread down wicked
men .
הדםS 1916
TWOT 474
GK 2071
( √ of foll., cf. Arabic overthrow, overturn, cast
down ) .
Spieg F. Spiegal.
Skr. Sanskrit.
Rö = E. Rödiger .
Glas E. Glaser;
† הֲדֹם S 1916
TWOT 474 , 474a
n. m. stool, footstool , always joined with ליִם
ַ ַרְג
; only in poet. and late writings, ( properly something cast down, low ) — ה׳abs. ψ
110:1 (or cstr. bef. ל
ְ , cf. Ges § 130, 1
); cstr. La 2:1 + 4 times:— footstool ,
never lit., usually of י׳Is 66:1 ַשּׁ ַמיִם ִכּ ְסאִי וְהָאָרֶץ ה׳ ַרגְלַי
ָ ; הelsewhere with ref.
to sanctuary ָיו ( ה׳ ַרְגלcf. מְקוֹם ַרגְלַיIs 60:13 ) La 2:1 , or perhaps of ark (as place
on which God rests) ψ 99:5 ; 132:7 , ַה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ בֵּית מְנוּחָה ַלאֲרוֹן ְבּרִית־י׳ וְל
ַרְגלֵי1 Ch 28:2 ; of conquest of enemies of Messianic king by Yahweh’s agency
אָשׁית אֹיְבֶי ָך
ִ הֲדֹם ְל ַרְגלֶי ָךψ 110:1 .
† ֲהדַס S 1918
TWOT 475
GK 2072
n. m. Is 55:13 myrtle (-tree), only late ( NH
, Aramaic id. ; Arabic (in the dialect of Yemen); also , Aramaic ָה
אָס, ; cf. Löw No.
25
) — abs. ה׳ Is 41:19 Ne 8:15 ; ד֑ס
ַ ֲהIs 55:13 ; pl.
ַה ֲה ַדסִּיםZc 1:8 + 2 times
(on form cf. Ges § 93, R. 4 )— Is 41:19 ( || ְאַשּׁוּר תּ, ִתּ ְדהָר, בְּרוֹשׁ, עֵץ ָשׁ ֶמ֑ן, ִשׁטָּה,
;) ֶארֶזIs 55:13 ( || ; בְּרוֹשׁopp. ) ַה ִסּ ְרפַּד, ֲעלֵי ֲהדַסNe 8:15 ( || ע׳ עֵץ עָבוֹת, ע׳
ְתּ ָמרִים, ֵץ־שׁמֶן
ֶ ע׳ ע, ;) ֲעלֵי־זַיִתpl. Zc 1:8 , 10 , 11 .
†[ ָהדַףS 1920
TWOT 476
GK 2074
vb. thrust, push, drive ( ַף
ֲהדin ; Arabic is
ingressus ad aliquem fuit, propinquus fuit , also of time prope accessit ) — Qal Pf. 3
ms. sf. ֲהדָפוֹNu 35:22 Je 46:15 ; 1 s. sf. וַ ֲה ַד ְפתִּי ָךconsec. Is 22:19 ; Impf. 3
ms. ְדֹּף יֶהPr 10:3 ; sf. 3 ms. יֶ ְה ֳדּפֶנּוּNu 35:20 ; sf. 3 mpl. יֶ ְה ֳדּפֵםJos 23:5 ; 3
mpl. sf. ֻהוּ יֶ ְה ְדּפJb 18:18 ; 2 mpl. ֶתּהְדֹּ֑פוּEz 34:21 ; Inf. הֲדֹףDt 6:19 ; 9:4 ;
sf. ָהּ ָה ְדפ2 K 4:27 ;— 1. thrust, push , subj. man, sq. acc. Nu 35:20 , 22 (here
fatally); subj. cattle, fig. of men, Ez 34:21 (instr. ֵף ;) נָגַח || ; ְבּ ָכתpush away 2 K 4:27
(Gehazi, the Shunammite); thrust away (from oneself) fig. = reject , ִים ְשׁע
ָ ַהוַּת רPr
10:3 (subj. ) י׳. 2. thrust out, drive out , sq. ִן מof place whence & acc. pers. ; of י׳
driving out enemies of Isr. from Canaan Dt 6:19 ; 9:4 Jos 23:5 ; cf. also indef. subj.
ֶל־חֹשׁ ְך
ֶ יֶ ְה ְדּפֻהוּ מֵאוֹר אJb 18:18 ( || & ;) וּ ִמ ֵתּבֵל יְנִדֻּהוּJe 46:15 (where no pl.
whence). Hence 3. = depose Is 22:19 of י׳deposing Shebna ( sq. מִןof station).
† ֶ ֫הדֶר S 1925
TWOT 477a
GK 2078
n. [ m. ] ornament, adornment, splendour ,
only cstr. ְכוּת ה׳ ַמלDn 11:20 splendour of ( the ) kingdom , cf. AV RV , i.e.
Judaea, or perhaps Jerusalem according to Leng Hi Meinh ; but rather royal
splendour , cf. Gr , & especially Bev who reads ִיר ה׳ ( נוֹנֵשׂ ַמ ֲעבfor ℌ מעביר
) נוגשׂi.e. an exactor who shall cause the royal splendour to pass away .
† ָהדָר S 1926
TWOT 477b
GK 2077
n. m. ψ 149:9 ornament, splendour,
honour (chiefly poet.)— abs. ה׳ Dt 33:17 + 12 times; cstr. ֲהדַר Is 2:10 + 7
times; sf. ֲה ָדרִיMi 2:9 (but cf. infr. ) Ez 16:14 ; ֲה ָד ְר ָךψ 45:5 ; 90:16 ; ֲה ָד ֶר֑ ָךψ
45:4 ; ךְ ֲה ָד ֵרEz 27:10 ; ֲה ָדרָהּIs 5:14 La 1:6 ; pl. cstr. ַה ְדרֵיψ 110:3 (but read
prob. הרריso Symm Jer edd.; Ol Hup Gr Bi Che );— 1. ornament Pr 20:29
(grey hair, for old men; || ֶת ) ִתּ ְפ ֶאר, Ez 16:14 ( fig. of ornaments of Jerus. as bride
of הדָר ;) י׳ ָ ְפּרִי עֵץLv 23:40 ( H ) i.e. fruit of goodly (ornamental, beautiful) trees ,
so AV RV & most, or goodly tree-fruit , καρπὸν ξύλου ὡραι̂ον , so Di ;—here
would come also קדשׁ בהדרי ψ 110:3 , ref. to sacred, festal garments, according to
† [ ָה
ֲה ָדרS 1927
TWOT 477c
GK 2079
] n. f. adornment, glory —only cstr.
—; ַה ְדרַת1. ה׳־קֹדֶשׁholy adornment ( Che ψ ), always in connexion with public
worship of י׳1 Ch 16:29 2 Ch 20:21 ψ 29:2 ; 96:9 . 2. ך ְ ה׳־ ֶמ ֶלthe glory of a king
, fig. of ַם רָב־ע, Pr 14:28 .
† הָהּS 1929
TWOT 478
GK 2081
interj. expressing woe, alas! Ez 30:2 howl ye הָהּ
לַיּוֹםalas for the day! AV Woe worth the day! ( cf. ֲאהָהּ לַיּוֹם Joel 1:15 .)
† הוֹS 1930
TWOT 479
GK 2082
interj. i.q. the more usual ( הוֹיq.v. ) Ah ! Am 5:16
of mourners הוֹ־הוֹ וּ ְבכָל־חוּצוֹת יֹאמְרוּ.
הוּGK 2083
Je 29:23 Kt , v. הוּא.
55
); הוּא, הִיא, Syriac Arabic (for hū’a, hī’a , W SG 104 ); Ethiopic we’ĕtū, ye’ĕtī;
perhaps also Assyrian šû, šî , himself, herself , suff. s̆u, ši , cf. demonstr. šuatu, šiati ( v.
Kraetzschmar BAS i. 383 & reff., W SG 98, 105 Dl § 55 b, 57 ). In the Pent., הואis of common
gender, the fem. form ִיא הoccurring only 11 times, viz. Gn 14:2 ; 20:5 ; 38:25 ( v.
Mass here), Lv 11:39 ; 13:10 , 21 ; 16:31 ; 20:17 ; 21:9 Nu 5:13 , 14 . The
punctuators, however, sought to assimilate the usage of the Pent. to that of the rest of the
OT , and accordingly wherever הואwas construed as a fem. pointed it ִוא ( הas a Qrê
perpetuum ). Outside the Pent. the same Qrê occurs 1 K 17:15 Is 30:33 Jb 31:11a —
prob. for the sake of removing gramm. anomalies: five instances of the converse change,
viz. of היאto be read as הוּא, occur for a similar reason, 1 K 17:15 ( ַל וַתֹּאכ
הוּא־וָהִיאto be read as וַתֹּאכַל הִיא־וָהוּא, on account of the fem. verb) ψ 73:16 Jb
31:11b ( ָוֹן פלילים כי הוא זמה והיא עto be read as ) כי היא זמה והוא עון פלילים,
Ec 5:8 1 Ch 29:16 . The origin of the peculiarity in the Pent. is uncertain. It can hardly
be a real archaism: for the fact that Arab., Aramaic, & Ethiopic have distinct forms for
masc. & fem. shews that both must have formed part of the original Semitic stock, and
consequently of Hebrew as well, from its earliest existence as an independent language.
Nor is the peculiarity confined to the Pent.: in the MS. of the Later Prophets, of A.D. 916,
now at S. Petersburg, published in facsimile by Strack (1876), the fem. occurs written
( הואsee the passages cited in the Adnotationes Criticae , p. 026). In Ph. both masc. and
fem. ar alike written ( האCIS i. 1:9 הא מלך צדק, 1:13 מלאכת הא, 3:19 אדם הא,
l:11 הא ממלכת, 93:2; 94:2), though naturally this would be read as hu’ or hi’ as
occasion required. Hence, as shews that in the older Heb. MSS. the scriptio plena
In usage ( הוּאf. ִיא ; הpl. ֵ ֫המָּה, הֵם, ֵ ֫הנָּה: v. ֵ ֫המָּהis 1. an emph. he (she, it,
they) , sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves) , or (especially with
the art.) that (those) : a. Gn 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁhe ( αὐτὸς ) shall bruise thee as
to the head ( opp. to the foll. אתהthou ), v 20 f or she (and no one else) was the
mother of all living (so often in causal sentences, where some emph. on the subject is
desirable, as Ju 14:3 ψ 24:2 ; 25:15 ; 33:9 ; 91:3 ; 103:14 ; 148:5 Jb 5:18 ; 11:11 ;
28:24 Je 5:5 ; 34:7b Ho 6:1 ; 11:10 : Dr 1 S 14 , 18 ), 4:20 Adah bare Jabal הוא
היה אבי ישׁב אהליםhe ( ἐκει̂νος ) was the father of tent-dwellers, v 21 ; 10:8 he
began to be a mighty one in the earth, 20:5 ( αὐτός ), Ju 13:5 Is 32:7 ; 33:22 2 K
14:7 , 22 , 25 ; Ho 10:2 he —the unseen observer of their thoughts and deeds ( Che ),
13:15b ( he , the foe figured by the E. wind). (For its use thus in circ. clauses v. Dr §
157, 160, 168, 169
.) And where the predic. is a subst. or ptcp. , Gn 2:11 … ֵב הוּא הַסֹּבthat
is the one which encompasseth etc., v 13 , 14 10:12 that is the great city. So in the
explanatory notices, Gn 14:3 ַח הוּא יָם ַה ֶמּלthat is the salt sea, v 8 הוּא־צֹעַרthat is
Zoar, 36:1 + often b. pointing back to the subj. and contrasting it with something else:
Gn 4:4 הבל גס־הואAbel, he also … v 26 ; 10:21 ; 20:5 ִוא וְהִיא־גַם־הand she,
herself also said, Ex 1:10 + often c. appended alone to a verb (more rarely, but always
with intentional emphasis), Ex 4:14 I know כי דבר ידבר הואthat he can speak, v 16
1 S 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהניםand he (though none else would do it) smote the priests,
23:22 f or one hath told me, ִם הוּא עָרֹם ַר ְערHe can deal subtilly, Ez 12:12
(peculiarly), cf. Dr § 160 n. : very rarely indeed to a noun Nu 18:23 לּוִי הוּא ֵ ַה, Is 7:14
י׳ הוא, Est 9:1 ( ) ֵהמָּהbeing probably all the exx. in the OT d. Gn 13:1 and Abram
came up out of Egypt, ִשׁתּוֹ ְ הוּא וְאhimself and his wife, and all that he had, 14:15 הוּא
וַ ֲע ָבדָיוhe and his servants, 19:30 ; so very often e. prefixed to a noun (very rare, and
mostly late), Ex 12:42b Ez 3:8 & 33:8 ָשׁע ָ הוּא ר: to pr. names Ex 6:27 הוא משׁה
ואהרן, 1 Ch 26:26 that Shelomoth, 27:6 2 Ch 28:22 ; 32:12 (diff. from 2 K 18:22 ),
v 30 ; 33:23 Ezr 7:6 : cf. ֵם הNe 10:38 ( comp. in Syriac , Nö § 227 ): cf. ψ 87:5
1 S 20:29 .
3. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of
emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible: thus a.
Gn 12:18 why didst thou not tell me הוא כי אשׁתךthat she was thy wife? 20:13 ;
21:13 הוא כי זרעךfor he is thy seed, 31:20 because he told him not ח הוּא ַ כִּי בֹ ֵר,
37:3 + often (the opp. order rare and emph.: Gn 24:65 Dt 4:6 ; 30:20 Jos 10:2 1 K
2:22 ; 3:4 ; 21:2 Ho 2:4 ψ 45:12 ). b resuming the subj., Gn 31:16 all the wealther
which God hath taken etc., לנו הוא ולבנינוit is ours and our children’s, v 43 and all
that thou seest, הוא ליit is mine (or, omitting the pronoun, as not required in our idiom,
simply) is mine, 41:25 הוא חלום פרעה אחדthe dream of Pharaoh is one, 48:5 ( לי
) הם, Ex 3:5 f or the place whereon thou standest, אַ ְדמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּאit is holy ground,
Nu 13:22 ; 21:26 Dt 1:17 Jos 5:15 ; 6:19 Jb 3:19 + often; Gn 23:15 ִוא … מַה־ה
ארץ, so ψ 39:5 Is 41:22 ( ( אַתֶּם … ֵהמָּה ;) ֵהנָּהunusual) Zp 2:12 . (In all such cases
the predicate is not referred directly to the subject, but, the subject being made a casus
pendens, it is resumed by the pron., and the pred. thus referred to it indirectly. By this
means the sentence is lightened and relieved, especially if the subject consist of many
words: in Gn 31:16 f or instance, the direct form of predicate ֲשׁר ֶ ָעֹשׁר א
ֶ וּ ְל ָבנֵינוּ כָּל־ה
ִהצִּיל אֱלֹהִים מֵאָבִינוּ כִּי לָנוּwould have been heavy and inelegant.) So c. after ֲשׁר ֶא
in a negative sentence, Gn 7:2 ; 17:12 ֲשׁר לֹא ֶ ִמוַּ ְר ֲע ָך הוּא אwhich is not of thy seed,
Nu 17:5 Dt 17:15 1 K 8:41 ( cf. ָה ֵהמּ3 c ). d. peculiarly, as the subject of לֹא, Je
5:12 לוֹא הוּאHe is not; and as embracing its predicate in itself, Is 18:2 , 7 a nation
terrible ִן־הוּא
= (מ ֲשׁר הוּא
ֶ ) ֵמאfrom (the time that) it was , מִימֵי הִיאfrom
Na 2:9
the days that ( st. c. Ges § 130.4
) it was , 2 K 7:7 they left the camp ִיא
ֲשׁר הֶ ַכּאas it
was ( cf. ֲשׁר ֵהמָּה
ֶ ַכּא v 10 ). (On 3, cf. Dr § 198, with Obs.
)
4. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject viz. a. (rare) Ct 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֹנָתִי ַת ָמּתִי
one is she , my dove my perfect one, Lv 25:11 Ez 11:15 ; 21:16 , La 1:18 ִיק הוּא ַצדּ
( י׳often so in NH ); Ec 6:10 ֲשׁר הוּא אָדָם וְנוֹדָעֶ אand that which he, even man, is, is
known ( De Now ); cf. 1 S 6:19 היָה ָ לָנוּ ִמ ְקרֶה הוּאan accident is it , (that) hath
befallen us. ( Cf. ָה ֵהמּ4 a. ) b. after pronouns—( α ) 2 S 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא ָהאֱלֹהִים
Thou art he —God, ψ 44:5 הוא מלכי אתהthou art he —my king, Is 37:16 ; 43:25 (
) אנכי, 51:9 , 10 , 12 ; 52:6 Je 14:22 ; 29:23 Kt + ; cf. Je 49:12 וְאַתָּה הוּא נָקֹה
ִתנָּקֶהand art thou he (that) shall be unpunished? (with change of pers. κατὰ σύνεσιν ,
cf. Ju 13:11 1 Ch 21:17 Ez 38:17 .) So Ew § 297 b Müll § 499 . But others, as Ges
Thes
Roo § 563 De Is 37:16 ; ψ 44:5 , treat הואas emphasizing the pronoun, ‘Thou, he,
art God’ i.e. Thou and none else art God; ‘ Thou (emph.) art my king.’ ( β ) הוּא מִי, sq.
a ptcp. or subst. Gn 27:33 ψ 24:10 ָבוֹד מִי הוּא זֶה ֶמ ֶל ְך ַהכּwho is he, then—the
king of glory? (according to others, as before, ‘ Who (emph.), then, is the king of
glory?’); sq. a verb Is 50:9 ענִי
ֵ ְשׁי
ִ מִי הוּא יַרwho is the (that) will condemn me? ( al. ‘
Who (emph.) will condemn me?’) Jb 4:7 ; 13:19 ; 17:3 ; 41:2 Je 30:21 (so with הנָּה
ֵ
Gn 21:29 , ָה
ֵהמּZc 1:9 ; 4:5 ). ( γ ) † זֶה־הוּא1 Ch 22:1 Ec 1:17 (freq. in NH , where
the two words coalesce into one ) זֶהוּ. On the analogous … ֵם
ה ֵאלֶּה, v. ֵהמָּה4 b ( γ ). (
Cf. Dr § 200, 201. )
6. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matter, etc.)— a. Jos 2:21
כֶּן־הוּא ְכּ ִד ְברֵיכֶםaccording to your words, so be it; Gn 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתיthat is
what I said, Ex 16:23 Lv 10:3 2 K 9:36 ; Jb 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכוlo that (what
has just been described) is the joy of his way, 13:16 ; 15:9 ; 31:28 ; Pr 7:23 Ec 2:1 ;
Müll A. Müller .
Roo T. Roorda.
3:22 ; 9:9 Est 9:1b ; similarly the fem. הִיא, Ju 14:4 they knew not היא כי מי׳that it
was from י׳, Nu 14:41 Jos 10:13 Is 14:24 ψ 77:10 חַלּוֹתִי הִיאit (this perplexity) is
my sickness, Jb 9:22 Pr 18:13 Je 22:16 2 Ch 25:20 Ec 3:13 ; ref. to זאתAm 7:6 ψ
118:23 Jb 5:27 , זֹהEc 2:24 . (Where there is a predicate, the gender of this usually
regulates the choice of m. or f. : hence ִוא הGn 34:14 Ex 8:15 Nu 15:25 ( Ec 5:5 )
Dt 4:6 + .) b. affirming the presence or existence of something (rare): 2 K 18:36 = Is
36:21 צוַתְ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך הִיא כִּי ִמfor it was the king’s command, saying etc., 1 S 20:33 (text
dub. ), Je 50:15 , 25 ; 51:6 , 11 Mi 2:3 , perhaps Jb 32:8 . Cf. Dr § § 198–201
†[ ָהוָאTWOT 481
vb. fall ( Arabic id. e.g. of a star Qor 53:1 ) — Qal Imv. Jb
37:6 f or he saith to the snow ֶץ ֑ ֱהוFall earthwards (an Arabizing usage).
ֵא־אָר
הובנים v. [ בנִי
ְ ] ָה.
הודTWOT 482
( √ of foll.;
De Jb 39:20 comp. Bed. crash, roar, resonance; ‘
weithin hallende Selbstverkündigung ’ Id. ψ 8:6 ; but ordinarily means be gentle, quiet ,
especially in speech ) .
Qor Qoran.
Bed. Bedouin.
in lament for king. Hence also 2. divine splendour, majesty , light & glory which God
wears as king: תָּ הוֹד וְ ָהדָר ָל ָ ֑ב ְשׁψ 104:1 (7 times joined with ;) ָהדָרcf. Jb 40:10
where י׳addresses Job in irony; הוֹד עַל־אֱלוֹ ַתּ נוֹרָאJb 37:22 ; ה׳ וְ ָהדָר ְל ָפנָיוψ
96:6 = 1 Ch 16:26 ; also ָה וְ ַהגְּבוּרָה וְ ַה ִתּ ְפ ֶארֶת וְ ַהנֵּצַח וְהַה׳ ַהגְּ ֻדלּ1 Ch 29:11 ;
see further מיִם הוֹדוֹ ַ ִכּסָּה ָשׁHb 3:3 ( || ֲשׁר־ ְתּנָה הוֹ ְד ָך ;) וּ ְת ִהלָּתוֹ מָֽלְאָה הָאָ֑רֶץ ֶא
ָ עַל־הψ 8:2 ( || ָאָרֶץ מָה־אַדִּיר ִשׁ ְמ ָך
ַשּׁ ַמיִם ֑ ;) ְבּכָל־הalso ְשׁ ָמ֑יִם ָ הוֹדוֹ עַל־ ֶארֶץ וψ
148:13 ( || ַדּוֹ ִשׂגָּב ְשׁמוֹ ְלב ְ ֲהדַר כְּבוֹד הוֹ ֶ ֑ד ָך ;) נ145:4 ; of Yahweh’s actions הוֹד
וְ ָהדָר ָפּעֳלוֹ111:3 ; of his voice ִשׁמִי ַע י׳ אֶת־הוֹד קוֹלוֹ ְ וְהIs 30:30 . 3. a. splendour
of Israel under divine blessing כזַּיִת הוֹדוֹ ַ וִיהִיHo 14:7 . b. majesty, diginity,
authority of Moses Nu 27:20 ( P ; only here in Hex ) תּ ָ מֵהוֹ ְד ָך ָעלָיו וְנָ ַת. Also, c.
manly vigour ֵן ַל ֲא ֵחרִים הוֹ ֶד֑ ָך פֶּן־ ִתּתּPr 5:9 , in warning against licentiousness; as
displayed in outward appearance ִית ַשׁח
ְ וְהוֹדִי נֶ ְה ַפּ ְך ָעלַי ְלמDn 10:8 ( || ) כֹּ ַח. 4. of
a horse, majesty, majestic force ָה הוֹד נַחְרוֹ אֵימJb 39:20 the majesty of his snorting
( majestic snorting , VB ) is a terror; also in sim. of Yahweh’s dealings with Judah,
ְשׂם אוֹתָם כְּסוּס ָ הוֹדוֹ ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָחמָה וZc 10:3 and he will make them like the horse of
his majesty in battle .
† הודוה Kt , דיָה
ְ הוֹQr , n.pr. m. only in לְה׳ ְבּנֵי Ne 7:43 of a Levitical
family; = הוֹ ַדוְיָה Ezr 2:40 q.v. sub ידה.
† דיָּה
ִ הוֹS 1940 , 1941 GK 2091 n.pr. m. ( my splendour is Yah ) — 1. a man of
Judah 1 Ch 4:19 . 2. Levites a. Ne 8:7 ; 9:5 ; 10:11 ; b. Ne 10:14 . 3. a chief of the
people Ne 10:19 .
†[ ָהוָהS 1933
TWOT 483 , 484
GK 2092 , 2093
] vb. become ( Arabic to fall ( v. ) ָהוָא,
also to gape or yawn , and to desire ( cf. ) ַהוָּה: cf. Fl De
Jb 6:2 ; Aramaic הוָא
ֲ , the
Hex Hexatuch.
usual word for to be (prob. orig. to fall out, accidit , hence come to pass, come to be ,
γίγνεσθαι ), Mish. id. very common ) a rare syn. of היָה ָ q.v. :— Qal Impf. apoc. יְהוּא
Ec 11:3 (for יְהוּwith אotiosum; Ges § 75 R. I 3 e
Kön p. 597 f. ; but Gr. plausibly ;) הוּא
Imv. ms. ֱהוֵהGn 27:29 , fs. ֱהוִיIs 16:4 , Pt. הֹוֶהEc 2:22 Ne 6:6 :— Gn 27:29
ֱהוֵה גְבִיר לְאַחֶי ָךbecome lord to thy brethren, Is 16:4 (perhaps in imit. of Moab.
dialect) ָמוֹ ֱהוִי ֵסתֶר לbecome thou (Zion) a defence to them, Ec 2:22 ; 11:3 Ne 6:6 .
† ַהוָּה S 1942
TWOT 483a
GK 2094 , 2095
n. f. 1. desire ; 2. chasm , fig.
destruction ( cf. desire , atmosphere, emptiness , a deep pit, hell ( cf. sub הוָה
ָ );
Aramaic gulf, chasm ( Lu 16:26 S )) cstr. ַהוַּת
ַהוָּתִיJb 6:2 + ,
Mi 7:3 + , sf.
pl. ַוּוֹת הψ 5:10 + ;— 1. desire (in bad sense) Mi 7:3 דֹּבֵר ַהוַּת נַפְשׁוֹspeaketh the
desire of his soul, Pr 10:3 ִים ְשׁעָ ַהוַּת ר, 11:6 ה׳ בֹּגְדִים, ψ 52:9 יָעֹז ְבּ ַהוָּתוֹ
became strong through his (evil) desire (but read rather with S Lag Gr Bi
Che Now ְהוֹנוֹ בּ: || ָשׁרוֹ
ְ ) ְבּע. 2. engulfing ruin, destruction Jb 6:2 Qr 30:13 ( cf.
Baer’s note) ִי ַהוָּתof Job’s great calamity; pl. (intens.) הַוּוֹת, especially as wrought,
or meditated, by one against another, ψ 5:10 ַוּוֹת ִק ְרבָּם הtheir inward part is windy
chasm ( || ) קבר, 38:13 ַוּוֹת ִדּבְּרוּ ה, 52:4 ( לְשׁוֹנְ ָך ה׳ ַתּחְשֹׁבcf. Pr 17:4 לְשׁוֹן
) הַוּוֹת, 55:12 ה׳ ְבּ ִק ְרבָּהּ, 57:2 עַד יַעֲבֹר ה׳till the storm of ruin ( Che ) pass by,
91:3 ֶר ה׳ ֶדּבdestructive pestilence, 94:20 ִכּסֵּא ה׳the seat (tribunal) of destruction
(i.e. which ruins the innocent by injustice), Pr 19:13 a foolish son is ָיו הַוּוֹת לְאָב,
Jb 6:30 ( cf. v 2 supr. )
ַהיָּה S 1962
TWOT 483b
GK 2119
n. f. destruction , sf. ַהיָּתִי Jb 6:2 Kt , i.q.
( ַהוָּתִיQr ), and prob. an error for it: v. ַהוָּה2 .
† הֹוָה S 1943
TWOT 483c
GK 2096
n. f. ruin, disaster ( cf. sub הוָּה
ַ ) Ez 7:26
הֹוָת עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹאdisaster shall come upon disaster ,
( ×2 )
Is 47:11 וְתִפֹּל ָע ַליְִך
הֹוָהdisaster shall fall upon thee ( || ָרעָה, ) שֹׁאָה.
Mish. Mishna.
20:7 Lv 24:11 יהוהwas regarded as a nomen ineffabile ( vid. Philo de Vita Mosis
iii, 519 , 529 ), called by the Jews ַשּׁם
ֵ הand by the Samaritans שׁימא. The
pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by
Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against
grammatical and historical propriety ( cf. Bö § 88 ). The traditional Ιαβέ of
Theodoret and Epiphanius, the ־יָהוּ, יְהוֹ־of compound n.pr. and the contracted
form יָהּ, all favour הוֶה ְ ַ ( יcf. יַהֲלֹמ֑וּןψ 74:6 ; ַתּהֲרוּIs 33:11 ), v. Lag Sym i. 14
Baudissin Studien i. 179 ff. ; Dr Stud. Bib. i. 1 ff. For Jeve v. Sta ZAW 1881, 346 De ib. 1882, 173
f. & Gn. Excurs. ii
. 2. on liter. of interpret. v. Nes Eg 67 Dr l.c. .—Many recent scholars
explain הוֶה ְ ַ יas Hiph. of ) היה = ( הוהthe one bringing into being, life-giver ( cf.
ַהוָּה Gn 3:20 ) Schr HSch ; giver of existence, creator , Kue Tiele ; he who brings
to pass (so already Le Clerc), performer of his promises , Lag , Nes Eg 88 (but Nes
Eg 91
inclines to Qal as RS Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. v. infr. ); or from הוהhe who causes to
fall , rain or lightning RS OTJC ed. 1, 423; om. ed. 2, 245 , cf. We Skizzen iii. 175 ; ‘ Fäller ,’
destroying foes, Sta G i. 429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of ;) היה = ( היה
the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one , Ri ; the existing, ever-living
, as self-consistent and unchnageable, Di ; or the one ever coming into manifestation
as the God of redemption, De Oehl ; cf. also RS Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876 , he will be it,
i.e. all that his servants look for ( cf. Ew infr. ), he will approve himself ( give
evidence of being, assert his being Dr l.c. 17 ). ) theories of non- Heb. or non-Sem.
origin. opposed (in their older forms) by Bau Rel i. 181 ff. ( v. especially 230) ; Dl Pa 162 ff.
claimed Bab. origin for יהו, agaisnt this Kue National religions, etc., Note iv ( Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)
Jastr JBL xiii (1894), 103 f. cf. Hpt BAS i. 170 N ; Dl Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f. makes same claim
for יהוה, agst. this v. especially Hirsch ZAW xxiii (1903), 355 ff. Zim KAT 3, 465 ff. ;
Spiegelberg ZMG liii (1899), 633 ff. proposes (improb.) Egyptian etymol. for ; יהוהfurther
discussions see in Kö EB NAMES , § 112 and n. 3 . ‘Jehovah’ found in Jacob (? Johann.)
Wessel ( † 1480), according to Schwally ThLZ , 1905, col. 612 .
×2 )
; 105:7 ; 106:47 ; 113:5 ; 122:9 ; 123:2 Dn 9:10 , 13 , 14 . d. c. ֶםאֱלֹהֵיה
( ×2 )
Ex 10:7 ( J ) Ex 29:46 Lv 26:44 ( P ) Ju 3:7 ; 8:34 1 S 12:9 1 K 9:9 2 K
17:7 , 9 , 14 , 16 , 19 ; 18:12 2 Ch 31:6 ; 33:17 ; 34:33 Ne 9:3 ( ×2 ) , 4 Je 3:21
; 22:9 ; 30:9 ; 43:1 ( ×2 ) 50:4 Ez 28:26 ; 34:30 ; 39:22 , 28 Ho 1:7 ; 3:5 ; 7:10
Zp 2:7 Hag 1:12 ( ×2 ) Zc 9:16 ; 10:6 . e. with ָיו אֱלֹהNu 23:21 ( E ) Ex 32:11 ( J
) Lv 4:22 ( P ) Dt 17:19 ; 18:7 1 S 30:6 1 K 5:17 ; 11:4 ; 15:3 , 4 2 K 5:11 ;
16:2 2 Ch 1:1 + 13 times Chr; Mi 5:3 Je 7:28 ψ 33:12 ; 144:15 ; 146:5 Jon 2:2
. f. with ַי
אֱלֹהNu 22:18 (JE) Dt 4:5 ; 18:16 ; 26:14 Jos 14:8 , 9 2 S 24:24 1 K
3:7 ; 5:18 , 19 ; 8:28 ; 17:20 , 21 1 Ch 21:17 ; 22:7 2 Ch 2:3 ; 6:19 Ezr 7:28 ;
9:5 ψ 7:2 , 4 ; 13:4 ; 18:29 ; 30:3 , 13 ; 35:24 ; 40:6 ; 104:1 ; 109:26 Is 25:1
Je 31:18 Dn 9:4 , 20 Jon 2:7 Hab 1:12 Zc 11:4 ; 13:9 ; 14:5 . g. with ך ְִאֱלֹ ַהי
Is 60:9 Je 2:17 , 19 ; 3:13 Mi 7:10 Zp 3:17 . h. with אלהים, probably always
due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gn 2:4b—3:23 ( J , 20
times either אלהיםinserted by R P as Di De ; or יהוהinserted by J in an older
source); Ex 9:30 ( J , but not in Sam. ; Sam. ; אדני יהוהpossibly MT from
earlier Qr , & Sam. from later Qr ); 2 S 7:22 , 25 ( אדני יהוהand 1 Ch
17:20–23 only ;) יהוה1 Ch 17:16 , 17 (but 2 S 7:18 , 19 ) אדני יהוה1 Ch 28:20
; 29:1 2 Ch 1:9 ; 6:41 ( ×2 ) , 42 ; 26:18 (but in the original ψ 132:8 stood יהוה
(so ℌ ), or else no divine name); ψ 72:18 (the late doxology) 84:12 (but it makes
the line too long); Jon 4:6 . For the combinations with other divine names see those
names. 4. the phrase † אנִי יהוה ֲ is noteworthy:— a. after אמרeither alone Ex 6:2 ,
29 ( P ) or before relative and other clauses: Gn 28:13 ( J ) 15:7 ( R ) Ex 6:6 ( P )
with אלהיכםJu 6:10 Ez 20:5 . b. after ( ידע כיα ) Ex 7:17 ; 8:18 ; 10:2 ( J );
Ex 7:5 ; 14:4 , 18 ( P ); 1 K 20:13 , 28 Je 24:7 Ez 6:7 + 4:8 times Ez; ( β ) with
אלהיכםEx 6:7 ; 16:12 Dt 29:5 ( P ) Ez 20:20 Jo 4:17 ; ( γ ) with אלהיהםEx
29:46 ( P ) Ez 28:26 ; 34:30 ; 39:22 , 28 ; ( δ ) before relative and other clauses Is
45:3 ; 49:23 , 26 ; 60:16 Ez 7:9 ; 17:24 ; 21:10 ; 22:22 ; 35:12 ; 36:36 ; ( ε )
with various forms of קדשׁEx 31:13 ( P ) Ez 20:12 ; 37:28 ; 39:7 ; ( ζ ) with
דברתי Ez 5:13 ; 17:21 , cf. יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י׳Ez 20:26 . c. after ִי
כּin various
combinations Lv 11:44 , 45 Nu 35:34 ( P ), Lv 20:7 , 26 ; 21:8 , 15 , 23 ; 22:16
; 24:22 ; 25:17 ; 26:1 , 44 (all H ); Ex 15:26 ( R ) Is 41:13 ; 43:3 ; 61:8 ; Je
9:23 Ez 12:25 ; 21:4 Zc 10:6 Mal 3:6 . d. emphatic Ex 6:8 ; 12:12 Lv 26:2 , 45
Nu 3:13 , 41 , 45 (all P ); Lv 18:5 , 6 , 21 ; 19:12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 28 , 30 , 32 ,
37 ; 21:12 ; 22:2 , 3 , 8 , 30 , 31 , 33 (all H ) Is 43:15 ; with אלהיהםEx 29:46
; with ךָ אלהיIs 48:17 ; with אלהיכםLv 23:43 ; 25:38 , 55 Nu 10:10 ; 15:41 ( ×2
)
( P ) Lv 18:2 , 4 , 30 ; 19:2 , 3 , 4 , 10 , 25 , 31 , 34 , 36 ; 20:24 ; 23:22 ;
יֵהוּאS 3058 GK 3369 n.pr. m. ( prob. contr. from י׳ = יהוהואis He , cf. ע ַ יֵשׁוּ
and reff.; cuneif. Ia-u-a COT 1 K 16:23 2 K 9:2 (further Schr MBAW 1880, 277, Schr
ZA iii. 3
Hpt BAS i. 296, 329 Jäger ib. 468 ); cf. also ִיהוּ
— ) ֱאל1. king of Israel who
overthrew the dynasty of Omri ( Εἰου , A often Ιηου , L Ιου ) 1 K
( ×2 )
19:16 , 17 2 K 9:2 + 36 times 2 K 9 & 10 + 12:2 ; 13:1 ; 14:8 ; 15:12 ; 2
Ch 22:7 , 8 , 9 ; 25:17 Ho 1:4 . † 2. prophet of N. Israel in time of Baasha &
Jehoshaphat ( Εἰου , A Εἰηου L Ιου in K ; Ιου, Ιησου , A
n.pr. m. Ιωακειμ ( י׳raiseth up; cf. & ֶא ְליָקִיםreff.; also יָקִים, — ) יְ ַק ְמיָה
1. יְהוֹ׳one of the last kings of Judah, son of Josiah 2 K 23:34 , 35 , 36 ; 24:1 , 5 ,
6 , 19 1 Ch 3:15 , 16 2 Ch 36:4 , 5 , 8 Je 1:3 ; 22:18 , 24 ; 24:1 + 19 times Je,
Dn 1:1 , 2 ; name changed from orig. ִים ֶא ְליָק2 K 23:24 = 2 Ch 36:4 . † 2.
יוֹיָקִיםpriest, son of Jeshua Ne 12:10 , 10 , 12 , 26 . † 3. ִים
יוֹקa Judaite 1 Ch
4:22 .
cf. ַע
ִישׁב
ֶ — ) ֱאלdaughter of Joram of Judah, & wife of Jehoiada the priest; ְהוֹשׁבַע
ֶ י
2 K 11:2 ( Ιωσαβεε, Ιωσαβεθ ; = ַת ְהוֹשׁ ְבע
ַ י2 Ch 22:11 ( ×2 )
(
Ιωσαβεε ).
ְהוֹשׁ ְבעַת
ַ יS 3090 GK 3395
v. foregoing.
who cite analog. for change of וֹto later— ֵ , & Nes l.c.
) — 1. Moses’ successor,
son of Nun, ( Ιησου̂ς ) ע
ַ יְהוֹשׁוּDt 3:21 Ju 2:7 ; = עַ ְהוֹשׁ
ֻ יEx 17:9 , 10 , 13
, 14 ; 24:13 ; 32:17 ; 33:11 Nu 11:28 ; 13:16 ; 14:6 , 30 , 38 ; 26:65 ; 27:18 ,
22 ; 32:12 , 28 ; 34:17 Dt 1:38 ; 3:28 ; 31:3 , 7 , 14 ( ×2 ) , 23 ; 34:9 Jos 1:1 +
167 times Jos; Ju 1:1 ; 2:6 , 7 , 8 , 21 , 23 1 K 16:34 1 Ch 7:27 ; = ע ַ יֵשׁוּNe
8:17 ( Ιησου̂ς ); according to P , name changed by Moses from ע
ַ הוֹשׁ
ֵ q.v.
Nu 13:8 , 16 ( Αὑση ) Dt 32:44 ( Ιησου̂ς ). † 2. ע
ַ ְהוֹשׁ
ֻ יa Bethshemite
1 S 6:14 , 18 ( ῾Ωσηε , A Ιησου̂ς , L Ιωσηε ). † 3. h.p. after the
restoration, son of Jehozadak ע
ַ ְהוֹשׁ
ֻ (י Ιησου̂ς ) Hg 1:1 , 12 , 14 ; 2:2 , 4 Zc
3:1 , 3 , 6 , 8 , 9 ; 6:11 ; = ( יֵשׁוּ ַע Ιησου̂ς ) Ezr 2:2 ; 3:2 , 8 ; 4:3 ; 5:2 ;
10:18 Ne 7:7 ; 12:1 , 7 , 10 , 26 . † 4. ע
ַ ְהוֹשׁ
ֻ יgovernor of Jerusalem under Josiah
2 K 23:8 ( Ιησου̂ς , L Ιωσηε ). † 5. ע
ַ ( יֵשׁוּ Ιησου̂ς ) head of one
of the classes of priests 1 Ch 24:11 , possibly also Ezr 2:36 = Ne 7:39 . † 6. ע
ַ יֵשׁוּ
( Ιησου̂ς , etc.), a Levitical family-name of frequent occurrence: a. Ezr 2:40 ;
3:9 = Ne 7:43 ; 8:7 ; 9:4 , 5 ; 10:10 ; 12:8 . b. 2 Ch 31:15 Ezr 8:33 Ne 12:24 .
† 7. ע
ַ ( יֵשׁוּ id. ), father of a builder at the wall Ne 3:19 , perhaps = † 8. a
Listen 12
Judaite family-name ( id. ), Ezr 2:6 = Ne 7:11 ( cf. Sm ). † 9.
n.pr.loc. in south of Judah Ne 11:26 ( ְבּיֵשׁוּ ַע ἐν Ιησού , L ἐν Σουα ).
† [ ָע
ְהוֹשׁמ
ָ יGK 3396
] only abbrev. (or textual error) ָע
וֹשׁמ
ָ הn.pr. m. ( י׳hath
heard , cf. ִישׁמָע
ָ & ֱאלreff. ) —a descendant of the royal house of Judah 1 Ch 3:18
( ῾Ωσαμω(θ) , L Ωσαμα ).
Nes E. Nestle.
VOJ vienna Oriental Journal ( = Wiener Zeischrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes ).
ְהוֹשׁפָט
ָ יS 3092 GK 3398 , 3399
, ָט
יוֹשׁפ
ָ S 3146
GK 3461
n.pr. m. Ιωσαφαω,
Ιωσαφατ ( י׳hath judged , cf. ָט ִישׁפ
ָ ֱאל, & ְשׁ ַפ ְטיָהוּreff. ) — 1. ( יְוֹ׳so all except
5. & 6 ) king of Judah, son of Asa 1 K 15:24 ; 22:2 + 21 times 1 K; 2 K 1:17 ; 3:1 ,
7 , 11 , 12 ( ×2 ) , 14 ; 8:16 ( ×2 ) , 12:19 1 Ch 3:10 2 Ch 17:1 + 40 times 2 Ch. †
2. father of Jehu king of Israel 2 K 9:2 , 14 . † 3. chronicler under David &
Solomon, son of Ahilud 2 S 8:16 1 K 4:3 1 Ch 18:15 ; also 2 S 20:24 ( L
Σαφαν ). † 4. one of Sol.’s 12 officers who provided victuals for the royal household
1 K 4:17 ( L Ιωασαφατ ). † 5. יוֹ׳one of David’s heroes 1 Ch 11:43 . † 6.
יוֹ׳a priest & trumpeter in David’s time 1 Ch 15:24 . † 7. in n.pr.loc. ָטְהוֹשׁפ
ָ ֵעמֶק י
Jo 4:2 , 12 , symbolical name of a valley near Jerusalem, place of ultimate judgment.
יוֹאָב S 3097
GK 3405
n.pr. m. ( י׳is father; cf. ֲא ִביָּהוּ, ֱאלִיאָב, & ֲאבִיאֵלreff. )
— 1. David’s sister’s son & captain of his host ( Ιωας ) 1 S 26:6 2 S 2:13 +
100 times 2 S (also 2 S 20:6 f or MT ִישׁי
ַ ֲאבcf. S We Dr ); 1 K 1:7 + 14 times
1 K.; 1 Ch 2:16 + 22 times 1 Ch; ψ 60:2 . † 2. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:14
(but B L Ιωβαβ . † 3. a familyname after the exile Ezr 2:6 = Ne 7:11
( Ιωβαβ, Ιωαβ ) Ezr 8:9 ( Ιωαβ ).
† יוֹאָח S 3098
GK 3406
n.pr. m. ( י׳is brother; cf. & ֲא ִחיָּהוּreff. ) — 1. son of
Asaph the chronicler in Hezekiah’s time 2 K 18:18 , 26 , 37 ( Ιωας , L
Ιωαχ ), = Is 36:3 , 11 , 22 ( Ιωαχ ). 2. Levites a. son of Zimmah 1 Ch 6:6
( ×2 )
; b. id. 2 Ch 29:12 ( Ιωα, Ιωαχ(α) Ιωδααθ ). 3. son of Joahaz the
chronicler in Josiah’s time 2 Ch 34:8 ( Ιωαχ, Ιωας ). 4. a Levite, son of
Obed-edom 1 Ch 26:4 ( Ιωαθ, Ιωαα, Ιωαδ ).
יוֹאָחָז S 3099
GK 3407
v. יְהוֹאָחָז.
† יוֹאֵל S 3100
GK 3408
n.pr. m. Ιωηλ ( usually interpr. as י׳is God , cf.
; ֵא ִליָּהוּbut
Ph. … יאלCIS i. 132 l. 4 & in ( יאלפעלLouvre) appar. n.pr. dei, perhaps
= Iolaos , CIS i. p. 163 & reff.; v. also Nes Eg 86 RS K 301 ; Nes strong-willed , cf.
ויל, ואלSin. Inscr. , v. ואלוEut Sin. Inschr. No. 5 + often , yet cf. Dr Stud. Bib. i. 5 n. ;
W in RS l.c. proposes connex. with Arabic Wâil in n.pr. trib. Bakr Wâil ( √ take
refuge ) cf. RS K 194 ) — 1. Samuel’s first-born 1 S 8:2 , 1 Ch 6:18 ; ins. also v
13 after L Ιωηλ ( cf. Dr 1 S 8:2 ). 2. a Simeonite prince 1 Ch 4:35 . 3. a
Reubenite 1 Ch 5:4 , 8 . 4. a Gadite chief 1 Ch 5:12 . 5. a chief man of Issachar 1
יוֹאָשׁ S 3101
GK 3409
v. יְהוֹאָשׁ.
יוֹזָבָד S 3107
GK 3416
v. יְהוֹזָבָד.
† יוֹזָכָר S 3108
GK 3417
n.pr. m. ( י׳hath remembered; cf. ; זְ ַכ ְריָהוּ Sab.
ידֿכראל Hal 187
) —servant & murderer of Joash king of Judah 2 K 12:22 (
Ιεζειχαρ , A L Ιωζαχαρ ); = ָד זָב2 Ch 24:26 ( Ζαβελ, Ζαβεθ, Ζαβαθ
).
יוֹיָדָע S 3111
GK 3421
v. יְהוֹיָדָע.
יוֹיָכִין S 3112
GK 3422
v. יְהוֹיָכִין.
יוֹיָקִים S 3113
GK 3423
v. יְהוֹיָקִים.
יוֹיָרִיב S 3114
GK 3424
v. יְהוֹיָרִיב.
יוּכַל S 3116
GK 3426
v. יְהוּכַל.
יוֹנָדָב S 3122
GK 3432
v. יְהוֹנָדָב.
יוֹנָתָן S 3129
GK 3440
v. יְהוֹנָתָן.
† יוֹעָשׁ S 3135
GK 3447
n.pr. m. Ιωας ( י׳hath aided (?; cf. Arabic ;
comp. Sab. ת ֿ אלעֿוDHM in MV ) — 1. a Benjamite, son of Becher 1 Ch 7:8 . 2.
an officer under David 1 Ch 27:28 .
יוֹרָם S 3141
GK 3456
v. יְהוֹרָם.
יוֹשׁפָט
ָ S 3146
GK 3461
v. ְהוֹשׁפָט
ָ י.
† יוֹתָם S 3147
GK 3462
n.pr. m. ( י׳is perfect ) — 1. king of Judah, son of
Azariah ( Ιωαθαμ, Ιωαθαν, Ιωναθαν ) 2 K 15:5 , 7 , 30 , 32 , 36 , 38 ;
16:1 Ch 3:12 ; 5:17 2 Ch 26:21 , 23 ; 27:1 , 6 , 7 , 9 Is 1:1 ; 7:1 Ho 1:1 Mi
1:1 . 2. youngest son of Jerubbaal (Gideon) Ju 9:5 , 7 , 21 , 57 ( ut supr. ;
Codd. Ιωθαμ, Ιωαθαμ ). 3. a descendant of Caleb 1 Ch 2:47 ( Ιωαθαμ ).
הוֹיS 1945
TWOT 485
GK 2098
51 interj. ( onomatop.; cf. = הוֹ הוֹ Am 5:16 S,=
הֵידָד Je 51:14 S ; also Mod. Aramaic ú hú, ú hú (in a lament), So Urmia-Dial. 102.4
)—
expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain, Ah, Alas, Ha (not distinctly Woe! which is
) אוֹי: used in lamentations, 1 K 13:30 and they mourned over him (saying) הוֹי אָחִיAh ,
my brother! Je 22:18 וְהוֹי הֹדֹה הוֹי אָחִי וְהוֹי אָחוֹת … הוֹי אָדוֹן, 34:5 וְהוֹי אָדוֹן
( יִ ְספְּדוּ ָל֑ ְךcf. הוֹ־הוֹAm 5:16 ): hence Is 1:4 הוֹי גּוֹי חֹטֵאAh! sinful nation, v 24
Ah! I will ease me of my adversaries; especially preparatory to a declaration of judgment,
Is 10:5 ִי הוֹי אַשּׁוּר ֵשׁבֶט אַפּ, 17:12 ; 28:1 , often sq. a ptcp. Ah! those that …, 5:8 ,
11 , 18 ; 29:15 ; 31:1 ; 45:9 , 10 Je 22:13 Am 5:18 ; 6:1 Hb 2:6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 19
Zc 11:17 + (more sympathetic than ל
ְ ) אוֹי: sq. כִּי Je 30:7 , ֶל
א48:1 , עַל50:27 Ez
13:3 , ל
ְ 13:18 . Sometimes hardly more than an exclam. arousing attention Ha! (though
perh. with a touch of sympathy or pity) Is 18:1 ; 55:1 Zc 2:10 ( ×2 ) , 11 Je 47:6 .
† מְהוּמָה S 4103
TWOT 486a
GK 4539
n. f. tumult, confusion, disquietude,
discomfiture — abs. ם׳ Dt 7:23 + 7 times; cstr. מְהוּמַת 1 S 5:11 Ez 22:5 ; pl.
abs. מְהוּמוֹת2 Ch 15:5 , מְהוּמֹתAm 3:9 ;— 1. tumult, confusion Am 3:9 ( ||
עֲשׁוּקִיםoppression ), disturbance, turmoil ( opp. peace) 2 Ch 15:5 ( || vb. המם v
6 ), cf. Ez 22:5 ; disquietude (of mind) Pr 15:16 ; especially tumult & confusion,
panic , as due to divine judgment ַת־י׳
מְהוּמZc 14:13 cf. Ez 7:7 ; also 1 S 5:9 and
מְהוּמַת ָמוֶת v 11 . 2. discomfiture (due to ) י׳in war 1 S 14:20 ( cf. v 15 , 22 );
Dt 7:23 ( acc. cogn. c. הום q.v. ), 28:20 ( || ָה
ְמ ֵאר, ;) ִמגְ ֶערֶתcf. יוֹם ם׳ Is 22:5
( || ָה
מְבוּס, ) מְבוּכָהa day of discomfiture & down-treading & confusion .
הוֹמָם S 1950
GK 2102
n.pr. v. sub מם.
†[ הוּןS 1951
TWOT 487
GK 2103
] vb. be easy ( Arabic be light, easy , cf. ( v. אוּן
), Aramaic NH הוֹןgentleness , is mind, sense; vid. conject. on development of
meanings Fl ChWB i. 423 ) —only Hiph. Impf. ִינוּ וַ ָתּהsq. Inf. Dt 1:41 regard as
† הוֹן S 1952
TWOT 487a
GK 2104
n. m. Pr 8:18 , wealth, sufficiency (poet.,
almost wholly WisdLt , especially Pr; cf. I. אוֹןp. 20 supr. )— abs. הוֹן Pr 1:13 +
15 times + Ez 27:12 , 18 (where S
;) הוֹנֵ ְךcstr. Pr 6:31 + 3 times; sf.
Co
הוֶֹנ֑ ָךPr 3:9 ; הוֹנֵ ְךEz 27:27 + v 12 , 18 Co ; הוֹנוֹPr 28:8 ; pl. sf. הוֹנַיְִךEz
27:33 — 1. wealth ψ 112:3 ( || עֹשׁר ֶ ) Pr 8:18 ( || id. ) 1:13 ( || ) ָשׁלָלcf. הוֹן
ָשׁיר ִ עPr 10:15 ( opp. ) ַדּלִּים, 18:11 ; Pr 3:9 ( || ֵאשׁית כָּל־תְּבוּאָ ֶת֑ ָך
ִ הוֹן בֵּיתוֹ ) ר
Pr 6:31 Ct 8:7 , בּיִת וָהוֹן ַ Pr 19:14 ; see 19:4 ( opp. ) דָּל28:8 ( opp. ;) ַדּלִּיםalso
ψ 119:14 Pr 11:4 ; 12:27 ; 13:7 , 11 ; 24:4 ; 28:22 ( opp. ֶר ) ֶחס29:3 ; Ez 27:12
, 18 , 27 , 33 . 2. with ַר ָמכ+ ְבּpretii, = high value , or price ִתּמְכֹּר ַע ְמּ ָך בְּלֹא
הוֹןψ 44:13 —i.e. cheaply, = ‘for no price at all’ ( || ) מחיר. 3. sufficiency, enough!
in exclam. Pr 30:15 , 16 (so also S , Aq Sym Theod ἀρκει̂ ).
† [ הוֹרS 2029
TWOT 515
GK 2105
], assumed by Thes al. as ancient form for ַר
ה
mountain , to explain ַי
הוֹרGn 49:26 , read ; הוֹרֵי־עָדbut better ַה ֲררֵי־עַד
everlasting mountains , v. ַהרsub הרר.
הוֹשׁמָע
ָ S 1953
GK 2106
n.pr. m. = יְהוֹ׳ v. יהוהsub היה.
הוֹשׁ ַע
ֵ S 1954
GK 2107
, עיָה
ֲ הוֹשׁ
ַ v. sub ישׁע.
הוֹשׁ ְענָה
ַ v. sub ישׁע.
†[הוּת S 2050 TWOT 488 GK 2109 ] vb. shout at, si vera l. ( Arabic c. shout at,
threaten , dialect. for , cf. De ψ 62:4 who comp. Damascene rush upon one with
cries and raised fist, cf. further Wetzst in De ; so MV SS : Thes al. assign to [
] התת, attack; text dub. ) —only Po. Impf. תְּהוֹתֲתוּ עַל־אִישׁψ 62:4 ; but Hup Che
read ֲלוּ
תְּהוֹלbe frantic against, cf. 102:9 .
הוֹתִיר S 1956
GK 2110
n.pr. m. v. יתר.
†[ ָהזָה S 1957 TWOT 489 GK 2111 ] vb. dream, rave ( Arabic talk deliriously ,
Syriac , in Lexx., id. , cf. also Vrss ; v. especially Bo Hieroz. ii. 56, p. 680; ed. Rosenm vol. i. 782
) ;—only Qal Pt. act. pl. הֹזִיםIs 56:10 ִלנְכֹּ֑ ַח ה׳ שֹׁ ְכבִים לֹא יוּכְלוּof dogs,
metaph. of false prophets.— ַט
הv. נטה.
† הִי S 1958
TWOT 1311d , 490
GK 2113
(?) n. [ m. ] lamentation, wailing , only
Ez 2:10 וְכָתוּב ֵאלֶי ָה קִינִים וָ ֶהגֶה וָהִיand written in it were lamentations and
mourning and wailing ( οὐαί , woe! Ew § 101 c comp. ִי א, cf. III. אִיp. 33
supr. ; according to Thes Sta § 125 b
al. ִי
נְהִי = ה, נbeing dropped; Ol § 77 g, 144 c
would emend הי ִ ְ & נso Co ; v. נְהִיsub נהה. Text very dubious ) .
הִיא S 1931
TWOT 480
GK 2115
v. הוּא.
הֵידָד S 1959
TWOT 471a
GK 2116
v. sub הדד.
ֻהיְּדוֹת S 1960
TWOT 847a
GK 2117
v. sub ידה.
ָהיָהS 1961
TWOT 491
GK 181 , 2118
3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be ( SI
1.6
היה, ib. ; היתparallel form of הוה, Arabic , Aramaic ֲהוָא, ; v. ָהוָהsupr. ) —
3
Qal Pf. 3 ms. היָה ָ Gn 3:1 + ; וְ ָהיָהconsec. Gn 4:14 + ; 3 fs. הָֽיְתָהGn 1:2 + ;
ָהיָ ָת֑הIs 14:24 + 3 times; וְהָֽיְתָהconsec. Gn 9:13 + ; והית2 K 9:37 Kt ( Qr
;) וְ ָהיְתָה2 ms. ָהיִי ָתDt 5:15 + ; 1 s. ָהיִיתִיGn 31:40 ; 3 pl. הָיוּGn 6:4 + ; 2 mpl.
ֱהיִיתֶםEx 22:20 + ; וִ ְהיִיתֶםconsec. Gn 3:5 + ; 1 pl. ָהיִינוּIs 1:9 + ; etc.; Impf. 3
ms. היֶה ְ ִ יGn 1:29 + ; juss. יְהִיGn 1:3 + ; יֶ ִה֑יEz 16:15 ; וִיהִיGn 1:6 + ; וַיְהִיGn
1:3 + ; ה֑י ִ ֶ וַיּψ 33:9 Ez 16:19 ; 3 fs. ִתּ ְהיֶהGn 21:30 + ; 1 s. ֶא ְהיֶהEx 3:12 + ;
וָ ֶא ְהיֶה2 S 7:6 + 9 times; וָ ֱאהִיJu 18:4 + 12 times; 3 mpl. יִהְיוּGn 6:19 + ; 3 fpl.
ִתּ ְהיֶינָהIs 16:2 + 19 times; ָ ִתּ ְהיֶיןGn 41:36 + 11 times; וְ ִת ְהיֶנָהJe 18:21 ; 48:6 ;
וַ ִתּ ְהיֶינָה2 S 20:3 + 6 times; ָ וַ ִתּ ְהיֶיןGn 26:35 1 S 25:43 ; וַ ִתּ ְהיֶנָה1 Ch 7:15 ; 2 mpl.
ִתּהְיוּGn 34:15 + ; ִתּהְיוּןEx 22:20 ; 1 pl. נִ ְהיֶהGn 38:23 + ; וַנִּ ְהיֶה2 S 11:23 Je
44:17 ; ִי וַנְּהNu 13:33 Is 64:5 , etc.; Imv. ms. ֱהיֵהEx 18:19 + ; fs. ֲהיִיGn 24:60 ;
mpl. ֱיוּ הEx 19:15 Nu 16:16 , וִהְיוּ1 S 4:9 + 6 times; Inf. abs. הָיוֹGn 18:18 + 3
times; ָיֹה ה1 K 13:32 Ez 1:3 ; cstr. הֱיוֹתGn 2:18 + , so read prob. also for ֱהיֵהEz
Rosenm E. F. C. Rosenmüller.
21:15 cf. Sm Kö i p. 600 f.
( Co em. היה־להto ֵל
ָההshine, glitter ); with pref. ִבּהְיוֹת
Ex 5:13 + , ְיֹת
ִבּהEx 19:16 + ; ִלהְיוֹתGn 10:8 + , ִלהְיֹתEx 23:1 + ; sf. הֱיוֹתִי Jon
4:2 ; ך
ָ הֱיוֹ ְתJu 18:19 ( ×2 )
;ך
ָ ִלהְיֹ ְתDt 26:19 , etc.; Pt. f. הוֹיָה Ex 9:3 .
† [ היָּה
ַS 1962
TWOT 483b
GK 2119
] n. f. only ִי
ַהיָּתJb 6:2 Kt v. ַהוָּה.
Ca C. P. Caspari.
† הֵי ְךS 1963
TWOT 492
GK 2120
adv. how ? ( היך, , id. , in Palest. Aramaic, as
כְֵרֻס׃
Jb 21:34 , Gn 3:9 Dt 1:12 Ps.-J .
, Mat 22:12 S (though usually these
words have the force of as ), and in כדֵין
ְ הֵיhow, then? ψ 73:11 + ; cf. Bevan Dan p.
29
) —only twice, in late Heb. , 1 Ch 13:12 ( || 2 S 6:9 ) אֵי ְך, Dan 10:17 .
† הֵיכָלS 1964
TWOT 493
GK 2121
n. m. Na 2:7 (on Is 44:28 cf. Che Di )
palace, temple ( v. also NH id. temple , Aramaic ָא
הֵי ָכל, הֵי ְכלָא, , palace, temple ,
Palm. הכלאtemple Vog 16 ; cf. Arabic (prob. Aramaic loan- wd. according to Frä 274
), Ethiopic temple; Assyrian ekallu , palace, temple; —prob. loan- wd. from Sum. e-gal
, great house , cf. Schr HI 148 COT 2 K 20:18 Hpt E -vowel 11 f. Lehmann Šamaššumukîn 126 ,
and on usage Dl 338 ; > from כול = ) וכל ( יכלcontain Ew § 162 b Thes Add. 84 ; cf.
Ol § 191 b
Hoffm AGG xxxvi. Mai 1889, 25
Dl W
; from an orig. יכלLag BN 121
, but cf.
Hom ) abs. ה׳Am 8:3 + 27 times ( הַה׳1 K 6:17 + ); cstr. הֵיכַלMi 1:2
ZMG 1890, 547
+ 35 times; sf. ך ָ ֑ הֵי ָכ ֶלψ 48:10 + 2 times; הֵיכָלוֹJe 50:28 + 7 times; pl. הֵיכָלוֹתHo
8:14 ; cstr. ֵי
הֵי ְכלIs 13:22 + 2 times; sf. הֵי ְכלֵיכֶםJo 4:5 ;—never in Hex , rarely in
S & pre-exile prophets; especially freq. in Ki Ez & late proph., also Chr; occasionally in
ψ ;— 1. rather seld. (royal) palace (so alm. always in Assyrian); of Ahab 1 K 21:1 , of
king of Babylon 2 K 20:18 = Is 39:7 , 2 Ch 36:7 , cf. Dn 1:4 , and pl. ֵי עֹנֶג הֵי ְכל
Is 13:22 luxurious palaces; at Nineveh נָמוֹג וְהַה׳ Na 2:7 ; not clearly defined are הֵיכַל
ֶמ ֶל ְךψ 45:16 and הֵי ְכלֵי ֵשׁןv 9 ; הֵיכָלוֹתHo 8:14 (in N. Israel); vid. also וְהֵילִילוּ
ִשׁירוֹת הֵיכָל בַּיּוֹם הַהוּאAm 8:3 and palace-songs shall be howlings in that day; cf.
also (prob.) of Phœnician palaces Jo 4:5 ; quite general ך ְ הֵי ְכלֵי ֶמ ֶלPr 30:28 , & ַתּ ְבנִית
הֵיכָלψ 144:12 ( sim. of well-proportioned daughters);—usual term for royal palace in
Heb. is ך ְ בֵּית ַה ֶמּ ֶל, v. בית. 2. of palace of God considered as king, = house of God or
of י׳, temple ( cf. ַה׳ הIs 6:1 e infr. where proph. sees ישׁב עַל־ ִכּסֵּא ֵ ) אדני: a. of
early, pre-Solomonic house at Shiloh ַל י׳ הֵיכ1 S 1:9 ; 3:3 ( = בֵּית י׳1:7 ; 3:15 ;
ֶפּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד2:22 om. We Klo Dr ) with doors ( דלתות, 3:15 ) & a
doorpost ( מזוזה1:9 ) ( cf. 2 S 22:7 = ψ 18:7 e infr. ). b. of Solomon’s temple:
specif. the hall or nave of the temple (the holy place, distinguished from the ִיר ְדּבthe
K 6:3 ; ָל
ֻאלָם ַההֵיכ1 K 7:21 || ַההֵיכָל עַל־ ְפּנֵי2 Ch 3:17 ; הֵיכַל י׳2 K 18:16 ; also in
wide sense (appar. = ֵית י׳ ) בּ, הֵיכַל י׳2 K 23:4 ; 24:13 ( || ) בֵּית י׳, Je 7:4 ( ×3 ) ( ||
בֵּית י׳v 2 ), 24:1 v. also הֵיכָלוֹ נִ ְקמַתJe 50:28 ; 51:11 (both || ;) נִ ְקמַת י׳2 Ch
26:16 ; 27:2 , cf. 29:16 ( || ֵית י׳ ; ְפּנִ֫ימָה בopp. ) ֲחצַר ב׳ י׳, in all three הֵיכַל י׳. c.
hall or nave of Ezek.’s temple, the holy place ( v. supr. ) (included in בּיִת ַ ַה, the general
term embracing the whole group of buildings) Ez 41:1 , 4 , 15 , 21 , 23 , 25 ( cf. v
20 ) 42:8 . d. general designation of 2nd temple , ָל
ַההֵיכZc 8:9 ( || ;) בֵּית י׳ ְצבָאוֹת
oftener י׳ הֵיכַלHg 2:15 , 18 Zc 6:12 , 13 , 14 , 15 Ezr 3:6 , 10 , הֵיכָלוֹMal 3:1 ψ
27:4 ; ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ בּוֹנִים הֵיכָל ליהוה אֱלֹהֵי יEzr 4:1 ; ( ַה)הֵיכָלNe 6:10 ( ×2 ) ( || בֵּית
) ָהאֱלֹהִים, v 11 ; Is 44:28 , cf. also 66:6 .— הֵיכָלoccurs occasionally in ψ , without
conclusive evidence, in all cases, to what temple ref. is had; appar. distinguished from
ְ ; הֵיכַל ָקדv. בֵּי ֶת֑ ָךv 8a ); perhaps also ψ 68:30
( בֵּית י׳as sub b ) ψ 5:8b ( ְשׁ ָך
(disting. from Holy of Holies by De Che ; yet verse obscure); but no distinction evident
ψ 79:1 ; 138:2 Jon 2:5 , 8 (all ך ְ ;) הֵיכַל ָקדcf. קְדשׁ הֵי ָכ ֶ ֑ל ָךψ 65:5 ( || ;) בֵּי ֶת֑ ָךas
ָ ְשׁ
containing the worshipping assembly ψ 48:10 . e. of the heavenly temple where י׳sits
enthroned Is 6:1 ; his abode in the heavens 2 S 22:7 = ψ 18:7 , ψ 11:4 ( || מיִם
ַ ; ָשׁcf.
זְבֻל ָקדְשׁוֹIs 63:15 , || id. ), 29:9 ; קדְשׁוֹ
ָ אֲדֹנָי ֵמהֵיכַל Mi 1:2 , cf. Hb 2:20 ויהוה
ְבּהֵיכַל ָקדְשׁוֹ.
הֵילֵל S 1966
TWOT 499a
GK 2122
Is 14:12 v. sub הלל.
הִים v. הוּם.
הֵימָם S 1967
GK 2123
n.pr. v. הוֹמָםsub המם.
הֵימָן S 1968
GK 2124
n.pr. v. אמן.
† הִין S 1969
TWOT 494
GK 2125
n. m. Lv 19:36 hin , a liquid measure ( εἵν
(ἵν ; L ἵν ); but χου̂ς Lv 19:36 ; Gk. ἵνιον , Egypt. measure, = sextarius ,
according to Böckh Metrol. Unters. 244 cf. Brandis Münz- Mass- & Gewichtswesen 29, 30 ; the Heb.
hin (6.06 litres) was, however, much larger than the Egypt. hin (0.456 litre), v.
Hultsch Metrol., Tab. xxi. p. 714, & pp. 368, 450 ff. ; v. further Ri HWB Smith Dict. Bib. E. Meyer
†[ ָהכַרS 1970
TWOT 495
GK 2128
vb. only Qal or Hiph. ( Ges
§ 53 R. 4
Kö i 251
)
Impf. 2 mpl. ַתּ ְהכְּרוּin phrase ַתּ ְהכְּרוּ־לִי לֹא־תֵבשׁוּJb 19:3 , sense very dubious;
Schult Thes De al. (as Hiph.) ye cause me ( ל ְ = acc. ) to wonder ( cf. Arabic ) ;
others (as Qal) ye deal hardly with, wrong me ( so context seems rather to require, v.
Ges in Add 84 Rob-Ges. Ew Di Da RV ; cf. Arabic wrong, detract from; Codd.
read תחכרו, which is preferable, if this meaning be adopted; ἐπίκεισθέ μοι , B
opprimentes ) ; conjectures are ְפוּ
ְתּחָֽרOl Hiob
; ל֑י
ָ ֵא ַתּ ַחבְרוּ Me ; Siegf ִתּ ְת ַחבְּרוּ.
הַל S 1973
TWOT 496a
Dt 32:6 v. sub ה
ֲ p. 210 supr.
ָהלָא S 1972
TWOT 496
GK 2133
v. sub foll.
Gesch. Geschichte.
Joseph Fl. Josephus, Antiquities
Schult A. Schultens.
Me A. Merx.
† הָֽ֫לְאָהS 1973
TWOT 496a
GK 2131 , 2134
(i.e. hā-le’āh , the final -āh , the ה
locale , being toneless), adv. out there, onwards, further ( ָהלָא, always with ְלor
ֵםprefixed; Syriac PS 1009
id. ; Arabic forward! on! Fl ) — a. of place Gn
Kl.Schr. i. 355
19:9 ְאָה גֶּשׁ־הָֽלapproach out there! i.e. make way, get back ( ἀπόστα ἐκει̂ : B
recede illuc ), Nu 17:2 and the fire ְאָה זְרֵה־הָֽלscatter yonder; ֵמהָֽלְאָה ְלbeyond (lit.
off the yonder side of; v. ִן מ4 c Gn 35:21 Je 22:19 Am 5:27 beyond Damascus:
וָהָֽלְאָהattached to an indication of place, to mark direction, 1 S 10:3 and thou shalt
pass on ְאָה ִשּׁם וָהָֽל
ָ מthence and anwards; 20:22 ִמ ְמּ ָך וָהָֽלְאָהfrom thee and onwards
֫ ֵ ָ ִמ ְמּ ָך וv 21 ), v 37 Nu 32:19 on the side of Jordan
i.e. beyond thee ( opp. to הנָּה
forwards ( opp. to ‘on the side of Jordan eastwards’). b. of time , Lv 22:27 f rom the 8th
day ְאָה
וָהָֽלand onwards , Nu 15:23 1 S 18:9 מהיום ההוא והלאהfrom that day and
onwards , Ez 39:22 ; 43:47 Is 18:2 , 7 . Hence
† [ ָא
ָהלS 1972
TWOT 496
GK 2133
] vb. denom. only Ni. ptcp. fem. Mi 4:7
( ַהנַּ ֲהלָאָהof sheep) removed far off . Mi 4:7 We proposes ) חלה √ ( ַהנַּ ֲחלָהher
that is diseased (note || ָה
הַצֹּ ֵלע, and cf. Ez 34:21 ), so Now ; Gr ַהנִּלְאָהher that
is exhausted; Marti allows either of these.
הַלּוֹחֵשׁ S 3873
GK 2135
Ne 3:12 ; 10:25 v. לוֹחֵשׁ.
25:17 ; ָה ֵ ֑לכ1 S 23:27 ; fs. ְלכִיJu 9:10 ֵ ֑לכִיEx 2:8 ; mpl. לְכוּGn 37:20 + ; fpl.
ֵ ֫ל ְכנָהRu 1:8 , ָ ֵ ֫ל ְכןRu 1:12 , etc.; Inf. abs. הָלוֹ ְךGn 8:3 + ; הָלֹ ְךGn 31:30 + ;
cstr. rarely a. ך ְ ֹ הֲלEx 3:19 + 4 times; ֲה ָלךְ־Ec 6:9 ; usually b. (129 times) ֶ ֫לכֶתMi
6:8 + ; ֶת ָ ֑לכPr 15:21 + 2 times; sf. ֶל ְכתִּי1 K 2:8 ; ֶל ְכתָּם2 S 17:21 + 7 times (6 Ez);
ֶל ְכתָּןEz 1:9 , 12 , 17 , etc.; Pt. הֹ ֵל ְךGn 18:16 + ; הוֹ ֵל ְךGn 15:2 + ; f. הֹ ְלכָהJe
3:6 ; ֶת הֹ ֶלכGn 32:21 + 2 times + הֹ ֶלכֶת֯י2 K 4:23 ; pl. הֹ ְלכִיםEx 33:15 + , etc.;
cstr. ֵי הֹ ְלכJu 5:6 + 3 times; fpl. הֹלֵכֹתetc. Ex 2:5 + 3 times;—found in all
documents of Hex , especially JE (240 times; D 65 times, P 30 times + H 14
times);— I. lit. 1. of persons, a. go, proceed, move, walk Gn 22:6 , 8 Ex 17:5 Am 3:3
Zp 1:17 + often; of cherubim Ez 10:16 = living creatures 1:9 , 12 , 19 , 20 , 21 ,
24 ; opp. to sitting ( ) ישׁבDt 6:7 ; 11:19 (both c. ך ְ || ;) ַבּ ֶדּ ֶרrunning ( ) רוץPr 4:12
Prät F. Prätorius.
Is 40:31 , cf. also 2 Ch 30:6 ; distinguished from riding, driving Gn 24:65 ( J ; sq.
ַשּׂדֶה ִל ְקרָאתֵנוּ
ָ ) בּ, Ju 5:10 ( ) עַל־ ַה ֶדּ ֶר ְך, Is 41:3 ( ) ְבּ ַרְגלָיו, cf. Ec 5:1 ( sq. ) אֶל,
10:7 ( sq. ;) עַל־הָאָרֶץon usage with prep. v. infr. ; but also || ַב
וַיִּ ְרכּ1 K 13:13 ;
18:45 cf. 2 K 9:16 ; ַסּוּס וַיֵֶּל ְך רֹכֵב הv 18 ( sq. וַתָּבֹא נְהַג … וַ ֵתּ ֶל ְך ;) ִל ְקרָאתוֹ
וֵָל ְך 4:24 drive and go forward … and she went, and came . b. depart, go away: Gn
18:33 ( J ), and י׳departed , Gn 34:17 ( P ) then we will take our daughter and depart;
cf. 1 S 14:3 ; 15:27 Ex 3:19 ( J ), 12:28 ( P ) 2 K 5:25 + ; go, go out (to a specific
duty etc.): of Samuel 1 S 7:16 , Barak Ju 4:8 ( ×2 ) ; go out, forth ( opp. ) שׁוּבRu 1:21
+ ; = go into exile (without modifier) 1 Ch 5:41 cf. Je 22:10 ( ך
ְ הֹ ֵלof one going into
exile; opp. death); v. further שׁם ָ ֲשׁר הָֽלְכוּ
ֶ אEz 37:21 . c. less often where Eng.
idiom requires or prefers come , (approach, arrive), vb. in Heb. being referred to
starting point; mostly c. prep. (on usage c. prep. in gen. v. infr. ):— ַי ְלכָה ֵאל1 S
17:44 ; so in prayer to י׳, ל֫נוּ
ָ ִישׁ ָע֫תָה
ֻ וּ ְלכָה לψ 80:3 ; also in Yahweh’s exhortations to
Isr. Is 55:1 ( מּיִם
ַ ) ַל, v 3 ( ַי
;) ֵאלcome to, arrive at a land ( ָ — הloc. ) Gn 29:1 ;
come unto ( ֶל ) אa people Ru 2:11 ; but cf. especially (without prep.) Imv. followed
by another Imv. , etc., v. infr. 5 f , & partic. cases like Nu 22:6 , 11 , 17 ; 23:7 ( ×2 )
Is 55:1 ( ×2 ) etc., where actual summons to approach the speaker. d. with modifiers: (1) α.
of space traversed: ָר אֵת כָּל־ ַה ִמּ ְדבּDt 1:19 ( cf. I. אֵת2 ), כָּל־ ַה ִבּתְרוֹן2 S 2:29 ;
especially c. acc. ֶדּ ֶר ְךway , Gn 35:3 ( E ) Nu 20:17 (JE) Dt 1:31 2 S 4:7 , 1 K
13:12 ; Je 52:7 cf. תּ
( ×2 )
ָ ֲשׁר ָה ָל֑ ְכ
ֶ וְלֹא תָשׁוּב ַבּ ֶדּ ֶר ְך א1 K 13:9 ; = הֹ ֵל ְך ֶדּ ֶר ְך
traveller Is 35:8 ; sq. ָחוֹת ֳארJu 5:6 (song), ptcp. cstr. הֹ ְלכֵי נְתִיבוֹתv 6 goers of
paths (wayfarers); c. acc. ך ְ = ֶדּ ֶרjourney Pr 7:19 ; β . c. acc. of time Dt 2:14 2 S
2:32 , cf. Jos 5:6 ; 14:10 ; also, with combination of ideas of space & time לשׁת ֶ ֶדּ ֶר ְך ְשׁ
יָמִיםEx 3:18 ( + ַבּ ִמּ ְדבָּרv. infr. ) cf. 5:3 ; 8:23 ; 15:22 (all JE) Nu 33:8 ( P ) 1 K
19:4 . (2) c. prep.: α. sq. בּ ְ of space (territory, country, etc.) in which ַבּ ִמּ ְדבָּרJu 11:16
, 18 ; cf. הנָּה
ֵ וְאַחַת ֵהנָּה וַיֵֶּל ְך ַבּ ַבּיִת אַחַת2 K 4:35 and he walked in the house once
hither, once thither; especially + acc. of time or distance ( cf. supr. ) Jos 5:6 ; 14:10
(both D ) 1 K 19:4 ; ָה בָּֽ ֲע ָרב2 S 2:29 ; cf. ָשׁה
ָ ַבּיַּבּEx 14:29 = 15:19 ( P ?); בְּתוֹ ְך
ָה ֵעמֶק Jos 8:13 (JE); sq. ְבּof way, path ְבּ ֶד ֶר ְך 1 K 18:6 בַּדּ׳Nu 21:22 (JE) Jos
( ×2 )
24:17 ( E ) Dt 1:33 ; 2:27 Ju 18:6 1 S 28:22 ; ֲשׁר ָה ַל ְכ ָתּ בָּהּ לֹא תָשׁוּב ָל ֶלכֶת
ֶא
ַבּ ֶדּ ֶר ְך 1 K 13:17 ( ך
ְ ָה ַלof both going & coming); so often fig. , cf. infr. II. 3 ; walk
in the streets ְחֹבֹת
ִבּרLa 4:18 , walk by the way ( בַּדּ׳opp. ָשׁב
ַ יsit ) Dt 6:7 ; 11:19 ;
β. sq. ַל ע, go or walk on ( by ) עַלאיַד ַהיְאֹרEx 2:5 ; עַל־ ַה ֶדּ ֶר ְך1 S 9:6 (i.e. set out,
start, upon cf. Dr ); cstr. sq. עלJu 5:10 . (3) go to, unto: α. sq. acc. , in general
ֲשׁר ֵתּ ֵל ְך
ֶ ְבּכָל־אGn 28:15 ( J ) whithersoever thou goest Jos 1:7 , 9 ( D ), cf. 2 S 7:9
; 8:6 , 14 = 1 Ch 17:8 ; 18:6 , 13 ; more definitely, to a land with or without ארץJu
1:26 ; 21:21 Je 37:12 ; so fig. Ho 7:11 resort to ( acc. ) Asshur ( || ;) קראto a city 1
S 11:14 , 15 ; 23:5 1 K 2:8 ; 11:24 ; 12:1 ; 14:2 , 4 2 K 9:1 1 Ch 11:4 2 Ch 8:3
Ezr 8:31 ; to a house בּיִת
ַ 2 S 13:7 , 8 , house of י׳ψ 122:1 ; a field, Gn 27:5 ( J ; +
Inf. of purpose); valley of salt 2 Ch 25:11 . β. sq. ָ—ה ֫אַ ְרצGn 11:31 ; 12:5
loc. , ָה
ַפּ ֶדּ֫נָה ֲאר28:2 , 5 , 7 (all P ) cf. 29:1 ( E ) Nu 32:39 (JE) 2 S 14:23 ; of city Gn
, ָם
18:22 ; 28:10 (both J ) Ju 9:1 1 S 15:34 ; 16:13 ; 19:22 2 S 15:9 1 K 3:4 ; 18:45
2 Ch 10:1 ; of river Euphrates Je 13:4 , 6 , 7 ; of a wood 1 S 23:16 ; a mountain Jos
2:16 (JE); cf. also ְכוּ ֫אָנָה הָֽלwhither have they gone Gn 16:8 ; 32:18 Jos 2:6 (all
JE) cf. Ne 2:16 Ct 6:1 Ju 19:17 , אָנֶה וָאָ֫נָה
֫ 1 K 2:42 (but also ה׳ אָן 1 S 10:14 );
ָ֫
שׁמָּה ָ 1 S 9:6 Je 45:5 ; ֵ ֫הנָּה2 K 4:35 . γ. c. prep.: ( a ) most
Je 40:4 but also שׁם
often sq. ֶל־ אunto , e.g, unto the place , ַהמָּקוֹם, Gn 22:3 ( E ) 30:25 ( J ), ect.; of
land Gn 22:2 ( E ) 24:4 , 10 ( J ) 36:6 ( P ) Jos 22:9 ( D ), etc.; of city Gn 22:19 ( E
) 1 S 9:10 Jon 3:3 , etc.; of house Gn 24:38 ( J ) Ec 7:2 ( ×2 ) ; house of God Ec 4:17 ;
of people Ex 19:10 ( E ) etc.; in other designations of place, Jos 8:9 (JE), Ezr 10:6 Ru
2:9 , etc.; also sq. ֶל = אagainst , of military expedition: Ju 1:10 against Canaanites; a
city Ju 9:1 1 K 22:15 = 2 Ch 18:5 , 14 ; also sq. ֶל אof individual persons Gn 26:1 ,
26 (both J ), 41:55 ( E ) 2 K 6:22 , 23 ; 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22 Je 41:14 + ; once
with implic. coire cum femina Am 2:7 ( cf. בּוֹא1 e , p. 98 ); vid. especially ך
ְ ַֹלהֲל
ִשׁפָּט
ְ אֶל־אֵל ַבּמּ Jb 34:23 of judicial inquiry by God; come unto the speaker Nu 22:16 ,
37 (both JE), unto the one addressed Is 60:14 . ( b ) rarely sq. עַל־unto (Je K Ez) c.
ַבּיִת1 K 20:43 , ָשׂדֶה1 K 2:26 ( + acc. loc. ), cf. ֲשׁר ֶ עַל־כָּל אJe 1:7 , ֲשׁר ֶ עַל־א
יִ ְהיֶה ָשׁםEz 1:12 (of the ; רוּ ַחcf. ֲשׁרֶ יִ ְהיֶה ָשׁ֫מָּה אֶל־אv 20 ); also וַ ֲאנִי הוֹ ֵל ְך עַל
ֲשׁר־ ֲאנִי הוֹ ֵל ְך
ָ א2 S 15:20 = I am going I know not where cf. Lag Psalt. Hieron. 1874, 156 f.
Dr Sm v. further Je 3:6 ( sq. both ַל ; אֶל & עon confusion of אֶלand עַלvid. these
words); sq. ַל עagainst city 1 K 22:6 , king 2 Ch 22:5 . ( c ) sq. עַדas far as, unto ,
place ַד־כֹּה עGn 22:5 ( E ), cf. 1 K 12:30 ( ) ָהעָם ִל ְפנֵי ָה ֶאחָד עַד ָדּ֑ן וַיֵּלְכוּ, 2 K 6:2
; 10:25 ; 7:15 cf. 2 Ch 26:8 ; persons 1 S 9:9 . ( d ) sq. ל ְ , to a land 1 K 10:13 etc.;
a city 2 Ch 8:17 ; a mountain 1 Ch 4:42 ; a bamah 2 Ch 1:3 ; cf. ְבוֹא גְדֹר ִלמ1 Ch
4:39 & v. infr. ; also before n.pr. of pers. Gn 24:56 ( J ); further ָה ַל ִמּ ְל ָחמEz 7:14 ;
ְל ִסבְלֹתֵיכֶםEx 5:4 ( J ) go to your burdens cf. Is 60:3 , ַשּׁנִית הַהוֹ ֶלכֶת ֵ וְהַתּוֹדָה ה
לְמוֹאלNe 12:38 the second thanksgiving choir, that went the opposite way; frequently
ְל ַדרְכּוֹetc., go ( to, on ) one’s way Gn 19:2 ( J ) 32:2 ( E ) Nu 24:25 Jos 2:16 (both
JE) Ju 18:26 1 S 1:18 ; 26:25 + ; ָיו ְל ַמ ָסּעGn 13:3 ( J ); cf. הַהוֹ ֵל ְך ְל ֶמ ְר ֲחבֵי־ ֶאזָּרֶץ
Hb 1:6 that marcheth through the breadth of the land (of invader); note especially in
sense of depart to, go away to , almost = return to; ךָ וְ ָה ַל ְכ ָתּ לְאֹ ָהלֶיDt 16:7 and thou
shalt go (back) to thy, tents , so Ju 19:6 ; 20:8 1 K 8:66 ; 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16 ;
ְלבֵיתוֹ 1 S 10:26 cf. 14:8 ; 23:18 1 K 14:12 1 Ch 16:43 ; ְקוֹמוֹ
ִלמ1 S 2:20 ( cf.
VB Dr ) 14:46 ; v. also go away or off to 1 Ch 4:42 2 Ch 8:17 . ( e ) sq. ְבּinto
ַשּׂדֶה
ָבּ Nu 22:23 (of Balaam’s ass); especially in ִי
ַשּׁב
ְבּ ה׳go into captivity Am 9:4 Na
3:10 Dt 28:41 Je 20:6 ; 22:22 ; 30:16 La 1:18 ( = ִי ה׳ ְשּׁבv 5 ) cf. Ez 30:17 ,
18 Is 46:2 ; 48:11 ה׳ בַּגּוֹלָהJe 48:11 Ez 25:3 ; v. also ָה
ה׳ ַבּ ְכּ ִלמּIs 45:16 ; ה׳
ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָחמָה1 S 17:13 ; ה׳ ַבּ ְקּ ָר֑ב2 S 17:11 (but v. Dr ). (4) go from, depart from , sq.
מִן, e.g. 1 K 2:41 , etc., ִשּׁם ָ מGn 42:26 ( E ) 1 K 19:19 ; cf. אָנָה ֵא ֵל ְך מֵרוּ ֶח֑ ָךψ
139:7 ; note especially ֵינָיו וּ ַמלְאַ ְך י׳ ָה ַל ְך ֵמעJu 6:21 cf. 1 S 14:17 ( ) ֵמ ִעמָּנוּ, Ho 9:6
( ִשֹּׁד מ, from destruction ); also sq. ֵמאֵתof divorced woman Je 3:1 ( ) ֵמאִתּוֹ, cf.
also Gn 26:31 ( J ), Jos 22:9 (? P ) ֶל ֵמ ֵאצ1 K 20:36 . (5) c. prep. denoting other
relations:— α. ֵת אof accompaniment, ( ה׳ ִאתִּיon warlike expedition) Gn 14:24 cf. 2
S 15:11 Jos 10:24 Ju 1:3 ( sq. בּ ְ into ), 7:4 ( ×2 ) , v. also 1 S 23:23 2 S 16:17 + . β.
עִםJu 4:8 ( ×2 ) , 9 ( ×2 ) ; 7:4 ; 11:8 1 S 30:22 ( ×2 ) 2 S 19:26 Nu 22:13 , 14 (JE) + .
γ. בּ ְ with ( cf. ְבּIII. 1 , p. 89 ), especially Ex 10:9 , cf. Ho 5:6 בְּצֹאנָם וּ ִב ְב ָקרָם יֵלְכוּ
ְל ַבקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳, of vain sacrifices; 2 Ch 30:6 the runners went with ( ) ְבּletters . δ. ְבּ ֶקרֶב
in the midst of , Ex 34:9 (JE). ε. פנֵי ְ ִלin front of, before , before Cyrus Is 45:2 , ( cf. of
fire & pestilence, infr. 3 ); of י׳going before Isr. Ex 13:21 Nu 14:14 , cf. also Ex
23:23 ; 32:34 & (in meaning) 33:14 ( ל֑כוּ ֵֵ) ָפּנַי י, v 15 , Is 52:12 , with which comp.
וה׳ ְל ָפנֶי ָך ִצדֱק֑ ָך58:8 ; of other gods Ex 32:1 , 23 (all JE); ְלנֶגְ ֶ ֑דּ ָךGn 33:12 ( J ). ה׳
ִל ְפנֵיalso (less often) = go (and present oneself) before a deity or shrine 1 K 12:30 1
Ch 21:30 ( cf. בוא לפניEx 28:30 , פּנֵי ְ ִקדֵּםy 95ò2 ). ζ. c. אַחַרgo after, follow ,
persons Gn 37:17 ( J ) 2 K 7:15 ; ֵי אַ ֲחרGn 24:5 , 8 , 39 , 61 (all J ), Jos 3:3 ( D )
Nu 16:25 (JE) + ; cf. also II. 3 d (going after false gods etc.); ֶם מֵאַ ֲחרֵיהEx 14:19 ( J
). η . ל ְ with sense of dativ. ethic.: וַיֵֶּל ְך לוֹ אֶל־אַרְצוֹEx 18:27 ( E ) and he gat him
(betook himself) to his country; ֶל ֵ ֫א ֶל ְך לִי אCt 4:6 I will get me unto; וְנֵ ְלכָה־לָנוּ1 S
26:11 and let us be gone , cf. v 12 , Ct 2:11 (of rain cf. infr. 3 ); Imv. in same
construction: ֶל
ֶלךְ־ ְל ָך אGn 22:2 ( E ) get thee unto , לְכוּ ָלכֶם לְאָ ֳהלֵיכֶםJos 22:4 ( D
) also ִן
מ ֶלךְ־ ְל ָך Gn 12:1 ( J ), & ך
ְ ְלכִי־ ָלCt 2:10 , 13 get thee away, come away . θ.
adverbial phrases of manner c. prep.: ( a ) בּ
ְ , ְשׁלוֹם
ָבּ ה׳go in peace Gn 26:31 ( J ) 1
S 29:7 2 S 3:21 , 22 , 23 ; 15:9 ; ִיא ה׳ בְּכֹ ַח ָה ֲאכִילָה ַהה1 K 19:8 , ה׳ ְבּ ֵחמָה2 K
5:12 , cf. also 1 S 17:39 Is 52:12 ; ָן וְה׳ ְבּ ַסעֲרוֹת תֵּימZc 9:14 of י׳, and he shall go
in (or with) storms of the shouth; בּ ְ pretii, הַהֹ ְלכִים ְבּנַפְשׁוֹתָם2 S 23:17 who went at
risk of their life (otherwise in || I Ch 11:19 ); cf. ( b ) ֶל א, ה׳ אֶל־נַפְשׁוֹ1 K 19:3 he
went for his life . ( c ) ל
ְ , ה׳ ְל ַרְגלָהּ1 S 25:42 go according to her foot , i.e. follow,
attend her; ְשׁלוֹם
ָל ֵל ְךgo to, for (in) peace Ex 4:18 ( E ) Ju 18 ; 6 1 S 1:17 ; 20:13 ,
42 2 K 5:19 ; ָם
וְהֹ ְלכִים ְל ֻתמּ2 S 15:11 . κ. with adj. or noun, agreeing with subj. of
vb. , in acc. ( Ges § 118.5 ), sometimes where Lat. & Eng. use an attributive or
appositive: walk barefoot 2 S 15:30 ; walk naked and barefoot Is 20:3 ( c. acc. of
֯ וַ ֵתּ ַל ְכנָה נְטIs 3:16 ; cf. 1 K 8:66 ; also לֹא ֵת ֵל ְך ָרכִיל ְבּ ַע ֶ ֑מּ ָך
duration); ֻווֹת גָּרוֹן וגו׳
Lv 19:16 ( H ) thou shalt not walk as a slanderer among thy people , Je 9:3 , הוֹ ֵל ְך
ָרכִיל Pr 11:13 ; 20:19 ; and even ִיל הֹ ְלכֵי ָרכJe 6:28 (yet רכילposs. abstr. , ה׳ ר׳
walk in slander ); with adv. accus., construed more generally ( Ges § 118, 5. c , Ew § 279 c
): ye shall not walk loftily ( ָה
) רוֹמMi 2:3 ; they shall come bending ( ) ְשׁחוֹ ַחIs 60:14 ;
and Agag came delicately ( עדַנֹּת
ֲ ) ַמ1 S 15:32 ; cf. also Lv 26:23 (II. 3b ) Ex 3:21
2 S 17:18 .
2. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations: ך ְ ָה ַלNa 2:12 walk about,
prowl (lions, fig. of rulers of Assyria); Pr 30:29 ( vid. v 30 , 31 , of three beasts & a
king); walk, go, move ַת ה׳ ִבּ ְמ ִסלָּה אַח1 S 6:12 (of cows bringing ark), horses in Zec.’s
vision Zc 6:7 ; בָּאָרֶץ וַיְַבקְשׁוּ ָל ֶלכֶת ְל ִה ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךof beasts & birds Je 9:9 , cf. 50:3 both
man & beast, they are fled, they are gone; of flocks and herds ( קנֶה ְ יֵֵל ְך ִעמָּנוּ ) ִמEx
10:26 they shall go with us; ָה ה׳ ֵמהַר אֶל־גִּ ְבעJe 50:6 they have gone from mt. to hill
(Isr. under fig. of wandering sheep); in 1 S 14:26 read prob. ך ְ ָה ַלfor ֵה ֶל ְךq.v. ;
especially in laws of clean & unclean Lv 11:20 , 21 every swarming winged thing that
goeth on ( ַל ) הַהֹ ֵל ְך עall fours , cf. v 27 , 42 ; also v 27 everything that goeth on
its paws , & v 42 everything that goeth on ( its ) belly , (all P ), so of serpent Gn 3:14
on thy belly ( ך
ָ ְ ) עַל־גְּחֹנshalt thou go ( J ), cf. also Je 46:22 ; קוֹלָהּ ַכּנָּחָשׁ יֵֵל ְך
(where appar. rel. cl., her voice like the serpent that moves , i.e. like the rustling sound of
a gliding serpent, cf. VB ); locusts Jo 2:7 ( ָיו ) אִישׁ ִבּ ְד ָרכ, v 8 ( ) גֶּבֶר ִבּ ְמ ִסלָּתוֹ. 3.
in like manner of inanimate things, as: the ark ( ָה
) ַה ֵתּבGn 7:18 ( P ; sq. עַל־ ְפּנֵי
;) ַה ָמּ֑יםships 1 K 22:49 ( sq. ָ — הloc. ) = 2 Ch 20:36 ( sq. acc. of limit), cf. 2
Ch 9:21 ( sq. acc. ) 20:37 ( ֶל
;) אof ִי־שׁיִט
ַ ֳאנIs 33:21 ‘galley with oars’ ( sq. ְבּof
place in which); wheels (in Ezekiel’s vision) Ez 1:17 ( ×2 ) , 19 , 21 ; 10:11 ( ×4 ) ; moon
Jb 31:26 ; wind ψ 78:39 Ec 1:6 ( ×2 ) ; of streams ( ִים
= ) ַהנְ ָחלflow אֶל־ ַהיָּםEc 1:7 ;
cf. ָשׁם הֵם ָשׁבִים ָל ֶלכֶת אֶל־מְקוֹם ֶשׁ ַהנְ ָחלִים הֹ ְלכִיםv 7 unto the place whither the
streams flow, thither they flow again; also ִים ֲאפִיק, sq. ַמיִםas accus. of that with wh.,
Jo 4:18 || of hills flowing ָב ָחל, with milk; cf. further fig. כָּל־ ִבּ ְר ַכּיִם ֵתּ ַל ְכנָה ַמיִםEz
7:17 ; 21:12 all knees shall flow down in water , i.e. be as weak as water; ָרוֹת נְהEz
31:4 ( sq. ִיב וְ ָה ַל ְך עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָיו ;) ָסבIs 8:7 i.e. overflow ( || ) ָעלָה עַל־כָּל־ ֲאפִיקָיו
cf. Jos 4:18 (JE); so of water (as ( SI 4 ) Is 8:6 , 1 K 18:35 ( ח ַ ַה ַמּיִם ָסבִיב ַל ִמּזְ ֵ ֑בּ
) וַיֵּלְכוּ, ψ 105:41 ( הָֽלְכוּ ַבּצִּיּוֹת נָהָר, they flowed through dry regions as a river ); (on
Inf. abs. used of waters of flood, Gn 8:3 , 5 , cf. , infr. 4 c (4), (5)); of the sea ַהיָּם
הוֹ ֵל ְך וְסֹעֵר Jon 1:11 , 13 was going on and being stormy = was growing more and
more stormy ( cf. infr. 4 d ); of wine ( ) יַיִןCt 7:10 that goeth down, for my beloved,
smoothly (simile); also of lighting go, dart ( ָק
) ָבּרJb 38:35 , so אֵשׁEx 9:23 ( E )
וַ ִתּ ֲה ַל ְך אֵשׁ ֑אָ ְרצָהand fire darted to earth (on form, here & ψ 73:9 infr. , as intens., of
rapid motion, cf. Thes Ew § 138 b Kö i 415 ); ך ְ אֵשׁ ְל ָפנָיו ֵתּ ֵלψ 97:3 ; of torches, in
fig. of violent breathing of crocodile ִידִים יַהֲלֹ֑כוּ ִמפִּיו ַלפּJb 41:11 ; of sword אַ ֲח ַריְִך
ֵ ֫תּ ֶל ְך ָ ֑חרֶבJe 48:2 , of arrow ָבּרָקJb 20:25 drawn from a wound; of pestilence ֶדּבֶר
(personified) ψ 91:6 ( ֶל ) בָּאֹפ, Hb 3:5 ( ;) ְל ָפנָיוof fame ָשׁמְעוֹ הוֹ ֵל ְך ְבּכָל־ ַה ְמּדִינוֹת
Est 9:4 ; of the tongue (bad sense) ֶץ וּלְשׁוֹנָם ִתּ ֲה ַל ְך בָּאָרψ 73:9 ( cf. Ex 9:23 supr. ; ||
ַשּׁ ַמיִם פִּיהֶם ָ ;) ַשׁתּוּ בof sound of trumpet Ex 19:19 ( Pt. cf. infra 4 d ); of letters
ִאגְּרוֹתNe 6:17 ( sq. עַל, unto); of dew ( טַל, || ֲענַן־בֹּקֶרsim. of Isr.’s ֶחסֶדHo 6:4
cf. 13:3 like dew that passeth away; so of ענָן ָ Jb 7:9 ; ָענָן וַיֵַּל֑ ְך ָכּלָהof rain ֶשׁם
ֶ ַהגּ
ָהלַף ָה ַל ְך לוֹCt 2:11 the rain is over, it hath taken itself away; of ark of ) אֲרוֹן י׳ ( י׳1
S 6:8 depart ( cf. also 5 d ); of shadow on dial go forward 2 K 20:9 ( opp. ָה || ; שׁוּב נָט
v 20 & ַד יָרIs 38:8 ); grow , of wicked under fig. of trees, יֵלְכוּ גַּם־עָשׂוּ ֶפּ֑רִיJe 12:2
; cf. ָיו יֵלְכוּ יוֹנְקוֹתHo 14:7 his branches shall spread , said of Isr. under fig. of tree;
of name ( = fame) 2 Ch 26:8 ( sq. ריִם ַ ;) עַד־לְבֹא ִמ ְצalso of a thing that does not
actually move; ֶל וְ ָהלַהּ ַהגְּבוּל אJos 17:7 and the boundary went unto etc., cf. 16:8 (
sq. ִן ָ — ה & מloc. );—in 2 K 13:21 and it (the dead body) went i.e. was let down into
the grave, read ְכוּ וַיֵּלfor וַיֵֶּל ְך L Th Klo , and they went away .
† 4. The Inf. abs. is often used a. as in other vbs. , quite independently ( Ges §
113, 1
): הגָנֹב
ֲ … וְהָלֹ ְך אַ ֲחרֵי אֱלֹהִים ֲא ֵחרִיםJe 7:9 (series of 6 Inf. abs. ) (are there)
stealing, murdering, and adultery and false swearing and incense-burning to the Baal, and
going after other gods …? as obj. , ך ְ וְלֹא־אָבוּ ִב ְד ָרכָיו הָלוֹIs 42:24 and they desired
not walking in his ways; as appos. of obj. , Je 23:14 I have seen … an abominable
thing, committing adultery and walking in lies ( ֶר ַשּׁק
ֶ ;) נָאוֹף וְהָלוֹ ְך בּcf. וָיַּעַשׂ כֵּן הָלוֹ ְך
עָרוֹם וְיָחֵף Is 20:2 and he did so, a walking naked and barefoot , where also two
adverb. accus. modifying the Inf. abs. ( Ges § 113, 2 ). b. to intensify meaning of finite
form of ך
ְ ( ָה ַלGes § 113, 3 ): (1) before finite vb. הָלוֹ ְך ֵא ֵל ְך ִע ָמּ ְךJu 4:9 I will surely go
with thee , cf. Je 37:9 ; תּ
ָ ָה ַל ְכ הָלֹ ְך Gn 31:30 concessive, thou art indeed gone ,
ָה ֵעצִים הָלוֹ ְך הָֽלְכוּ Ju 9:8 introductory, the trees went forth on a time to anoint them a
king. (2) after finite vb. וַיֵֶּל ְך הָלוֹ ְך 2 S 3:24 and he is actually gone! (a grave
vbs. verbs.
imprudence to permit it!), י׳ נֵ ְלכָה הָלוֹ ְך ְלחַלּוֹת אֶת־ ְפּנֵי Zc 8:21 let us by all means go
to seek the favour of י׳. c. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. (1) with a
following Inf. abs. denoting a simultaneous action or process, and so emphasizing
duration or continuance; α. both Infs. preceding the finite vb. , כנָה
ְ הָלוֹ ְך וְטָפֹף ֵתּ ַלIs
3:16 a going and a tripping they go , i.e. they keep tripping as they go; so הָלוֹ ְך וּבָכוֹ
יֵֵל֑כוּ Je 50:4 continually weeping they shall go; β. one Inf. before, & one after the fin.
vb. הָלוֹ ְך יֵֵל ְך וּבָכֹה ψ 126:6 continually may one go weeping; γ. elsewhere both after
fin. vb. Jos 6:9 the rearguard was going ( ך
ְ ) הֹ ֵלafter the ark, continually blowing on
the trumpets ( ָרוֹת
בַּשּׁוֹפ ) הָלוֹ ְך וְתָקוֹ ַע, cf. v 13 (where הָו֯לֹ ְךcf. infr. ; both JE),
…ך ְ הָלוֹ ְך וּבָכוֹ וַיֵֶּל2 S 3:16 , of cows הָֽלְכוּ הָלוֹ ְך וְגָעוֹ1 S 6:12 they went continually
lowing , ך וְאָכֹל ְ וַיֵֶּל ְך הָלוֹJu 14:9 and he went on, eating as he went; הֹ ְלכִים הָלוֹ ְך
וְַדבֵּר2 K 2:11 they were going on, talking as they went; in הֹ ֵל ְך הָלֹ ְך וּדֹכֶהJe 41:6 ,
the pt. ֶה בֹּכis peculiar, read perhaps בָּכֹה, and for הֹ ֵל ְךread הֹכִים Hi cf. Gf
(2) with a foll. vb. fin. c. וconsec. (rare): ְעוּ הֹ ְלכִים הָלוֹ ְך וְתָֽקJos 6:13 (JE) they
were going along continually blowing on the trumpets; ָה וַ ֵתּ ָל ְך הָלוֹ ְך וְזָ ָ ֑עק2 S 13:19
and she went, crying out as she went; ך ְ וַיְ ַקלֵּל הֹ ֵל ְך … הָלוֹ2 S 16:13 he went along …
cursing as he went; so 1 S 19:23 and he went on, prophesying as he went , until he
came, etc. (3) in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress,
advance: ֵב וַיֵֶּל ְך הָלוֹ ְך וְ ָקר2 S 18:25 and he came continually nearer (nearer & nearer);
֑ ָ ָהָלוֹ ְך ו
elsewhere with idea of actual motion lost from vb. fin. : רב וַיֵֶּל ְך1 S 14:19 and
the tumult kept growing greater and greater; so ך
ְ וְגָדוֹל וַיֵֶּל ְך ָדּוִד הָלוֹ2 S 5:10 = 1
Ch 11:9 ; cf. Ju 4:24 and the hand of the sons of Israel kept growing more and more
severe ( ָשׁה
ָ ) וַ ֵתּ ֶל ְך … הָלוֹ ְך וְקupon Jabin; note especially גָדַל מְאֹד וַיְִּגדַּל ָהאִישׁ וַיֵֶּל ְך
הָלוֹ ְך וְָגדֵל עַד־כִּי־ Gn 26:13 ( J ) and the man grew great and kept on growing greater
and greater until etc. ( ֵל
גָּדpartic. adj. ). (4) twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but
another vb. denoting motion: ך וָשׁוֹב
ְ ַהמַּים … הָלוֹ ָשׁבוּ
ֻ וַיּGn 8:3 ( J ) and the waters
וַיִּסַּע אַ ְברָם הָלוֹ ְך וְנָסוֹ ַע ַה ֫נֶּגְבּGn 12:9 ( J ) and
retired continually more and more; ָה
Abram journeyed on continually further toward the south country . (5) quite by itself is
Gn 8:5 ( P ) ָסוֹר
וְ ַה ַמּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֹ ְך וְחand the waters, they continually diminished (were a
going and a diminishing; the Infs. abs. being predicate). (6) 13 times the Inf. abs. =
Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec. (chiefly in Je): ֫תּ ָ הָלוֹ ְך וְִד ַבּ ְר2 S 24:12 go and
speak , so Je 35:2 ; ֫תּ
ָ ה׳ וְאָ ַמ ְרgo and say , Is 38:5 Je 28:13 ; 34:2 ; 35:13 ; 39:16 ; ה׳
וְ ָקרָא ָת Je 2:2 ; 3:12 ; also ֫תּ
ָ ה׳ וְ ָר ַח ְצ2 K 5:10 go and wash , ה׳ וְ ָקנִי ָתJe 13:1 ; 19:1
go and buy , ֫תּ
ָ ה׳ וְ ָע ַמ ְד17:19 go and stand . d. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some
instances of Pt. הֹ ֵל ְך+ adj. (or pt. ): ִי
ִשׁתּ
ְ ַה ְפּל הֹ ֵל ְך וְ ָקרֵב וַיֵֶּל ְך 1 S 17:41 and the
Philistine came continually nearer ( cf. 2 S 18:25 supr. ); in other cases as predicate,
with same idea of growing, increasing: ִים וְָדוִד הֹ ֵל ְך וְ ָחזֵק וּבֵית ָשׁאוּל הֹ ְלכִים וְַדלּ2
S 3:1 and David was growing stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul were
growing weaker and weaker , cf. 2 Ch 17:12 Est 9:4 (of individuals), 2 S 15:12 (of
people); + 2 adj. ַר
ְשׁמוּאֵל הֹ ֵל ְך וְָגדֵל וָטוֹב וְ ַהנַּע1 S 2:26 ; cf. (with different order)
of wind, Ec 1:6 goeth ( ך
ְ הוֹ ֵלtoward the south, and turneth about ( ) סוֹבֵבunto the
north, the wind turneth about and about continually ( ח
ַ הָרוּ ;) סוֹבֵב סֹבֵב הוֹ ֵל ְךof sea
ַהיָּם הוֹ ֵל ְך וְסֹעֵרJon 1:11 , 13 the sea was growing more and more stromy; also ְאֹד מ
וַיְהִי קוֹל הַשֹּׁפָר הוֹ ֵל ְך וְ ָחזֵקEx 19:19 and the sound of the trumpet kept growing
louder and louder; & in metaph. ַיּוֹם אֹרַח ַצדִּיקִים כְּאוֹר נֹ֑גַהּ הוֹ ֵל ְך וָאוֹר עַד־נְכוֹן ה
Pr 4:18 the path of just men is like a shining light, growing lighter and lighter until the
full day .
5. In combination with other verbal forms: a. sq. Inf. of purpose ( c. לְ ) Gn 25:22
; 31:19 ; 37:25 (all JE) Nu 14:38 ( P ) 24:1 (JE), Ju 8:1 ; 9:8 , 9 , 11 , 13 + often;
especially ַאת
ה׳ ִל ְקרgo to meet Jos 9:11 (JE), 2 S 19:16 1 K 18:16 ( ×2 ) + ;
sometimes with hostile sense 1 S 23:28 1 K 20:27 2 K 23:29 ; also ָשׁוּב
ל ה׳go to
return , Ex 4:21 ( RV go back ), cf. also ֶת
ָל ֶלכ שׁוּבreturn again Ec 1:7 ; 5:14 ; ה׳
לָבוֹאgo to come ( enter , etc.) Je 41:17 cf. 2 Ch 26:8 . b. sq. finite vb. go and do so
and so: Gn 22:13 ; 27:14 Ex 2:8 ; 4:27 , 29 (all JE), Dt 13:7 , 14 ; 17:3 ; 24:2 Is
2:3 = Mi 4:2 Je 11:12 + often; ָשׁב ָ וַיֵֶּל ְך וַיּEx 4:18 ( E ), וְיָשֹׁב יֵֵל ְךDt 20:5 , 6 , 7
, 8 , ְכוּ וַיָּשׁוּבוּ
וַיֵּלJu 21:23 cf. Ho 2:9 ; 5:15 ; ה׳ וַיָּבוֹאwent & came Nu 13:26 ( P
), Ru 2:3 1 S 22:5 2 S 11:22 2 K 4:25 ; notably ַח
ִשׁל
ְ וַיֵֶּל ְך וַיּ2 K 3:7 and he went
and sent . c. following other verbs: ְכוּ
וַיָּקֻמוּ וַיֵּלGn 22:19 ( E ) cf. 24:10 ( J ) 43:8 ( J
נִ ְסעָה וְנֵ ֵ ֑לכGn 33:12 ( J ). d. especially as result of action
) Nu 16:25 (JE) Ju 4:9 ; ָה
֑ ֵֵאֶת־ ֶאחָיו וַיּ
expr. in preced. vb. , such as vb. of sending, etc.: לכוּ ְשׁלַּח
ַ וַי Gn 45:24 ( E
) cf. Jos 1:16 ( D ) 1 S 6:8 Jb 38:35 ; also קדִים
ָ ִשּׂאֵהוּ ָ וְיֵֵל֑ ְך י27:21 an east wind
shall carry him off, and he shall depart; ך ְ ֲ֑שׁהוּ וַיֵַּל
ֵ וַיְגָֽרψ 34:1 (title). ( Cf. depart also
of inaminate things 3 supr. ) e. in longer series: ֵט וַיֵֶּל ְך וַיְֵּברַח וַיִּ ָמּל1 S 19:12 ; ֵשׁב
ֶ … וַיּ
ָשׁב
ָ וַיִּסַּע וַיֵֶּל ְך וַיּ2 K 19:36 = Is 37:37 ; cf. Nu 24:25 (JE); וַיָּקָם וַיֵֶּל ְך וַיָּבֹאJu
19:10 ; also ָם וַיָּבֹא וַיֵֶּל ְך וַיָּק2 K 10:12 . f. often in Imv. foll. by 2nd Imv. or equiv.,
(1) ִי ֵל ְך קַח־לGn 27:13 ( J ) go, bring me (them), cf. Ho 1:2 ; לְכוּ רְעוּGn 29:7 ( J )
go, feed (them), cf. 37:14 42:19 Ex 4:19 + (in all c. 57 times; only JED in Hex );
but also (2) weakened to mere introductory word (as also supr. passim: especially 2 K
3:7 etc.), go to , or come, do ( let us do ) so & so; ִית
ְלכָה נִ ְכ ְרתָה ְברGn 31:44 come,
let us make a compact , cf. ַשׁקֶה ְלכָה
ְנ 19:32 (where subj. fem. ); ָה
לְכוּ וְנֵ ְלכ1 S 9:9
come, and let us go , so v 10 , 11:4 Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 , cf. Zc 6:7 + ; even ֵל ְך בֹא
ֶשׁ ְלחָה
ְ וַא2 K 5:5 go to, come, and let me send , cf. Is 22:15 ; 26:20 Ex 3:4 , 11 ;
further Ju 19:11 , 13 1 S 9:5 1 K 1:12 ψ 34:5 + (in all c. 49 times; only JE in Hex
). (3) apparently intermediate, and shewing transition from (1) to (2) are: ֵד
ֶלךְ־רEx
19:24 ; 32:7 cf. Ju 18:2 ; ֻרוּ
ס רְדוּ לְכוּ1 S 15:6 ; ֵל ְך ֲעלֵה ִמזֶּהEx 33:1 ; בָּאָרֶץ לְכוּ
וְ ִה ְת ַהלְּכוּJos 18:8 & לְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַ ְרצָהGn 47:17 cf. 1 S 22:5 1 K 1:13 2 K 7:9 ; v.
further בנָה ְ ֹ ֵל ְכנָה שׁRu 1:8 & ָ שֹׁ ְבנָה ֵל ְכןv 12 ; also 2 S 3:16 1 K 19:15 , 20 +
(in all c. 36 times)
II. Fig. ; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is
evident: † 1. pass away, die; in phrases denoting or implying death ( cf. Arabic perish );
וְ ִהנֵּה אָנֹכִי הוֹ ֵל ְך הַיּוֹם ְבּ ֶד ֶר ְך כָּל־הָאָרֶץJos 23:14 ( D ) lo, I am going to-day the way
of all the earth cf. 1 K 2:2 ; perhaps also Gn 15:2 (JE) I pass away childless , but
possibly sub 2 infr. ; also 2 S 12:23 I am going ( ך ְ ) ֲאנִי הֹ ֵלto him 2 S 12:23 ; so of
mankind ָא
בּ דּוֹר הֹ ֵל ְך וְדוֹרEc 1:4 ; more explicitly, מִן ֶה ָעפָר וְהַכֹּל ָשׁב אֶל־ ֶה ָעפָר
הַכֹּל הוֹ ֵל ְך אֶל־מָקוֹם ֶא ָח֑ד הַכֹּל ָהיָהEc 3:20 cf. 6:6 ; also ֲשׁר אַתָּה ֶ ִשׁאוֹל א ְבּ
הֹ ֵל ְך ָשׁ֑מָּה9:10 , & אֶל־בֵּית עוֹלָמוֹ הֹ ֵל ְך הָאָדָם12:5 ; cf. ְבּ ֶטרֶם ֵא ֵל ְך וְאֵינֶנִּיψ
39:14 before I depart and be not; so acc. to some 2 Ch 21:20 but cf. infr. 3 a (2);
once with weaker sense sq. inf. , ָמוּת ִהנֵּה אָנֹכִי הוֹלֵח לGn 25:32 ( J ). 2. live (‘ walk
’), in general ( cf. Pi. Hithp. ) (usually poet., with modifying words): ַצ ְל ָמוֶת כִּי־ ֵא ֵל ְך
ְבּגֵיא ψ 23:4 though I walk in a valley of deep darkness; cf. 138:7 &ך ֶ ֵ ֫א ֶל ְךJb
ְ חֹשׁ
29:3 ; ך
ְ ֵא ֵל קֹדֵר ψ 42:10 ; ִים
ֲשׁכ
ֵח ה׳Is 50:10 , v. also Ez 3:14 ; perhaps also Gn
15:2 cf. 1 supr. ; ח֑יִל ָ יֵלְכוּ ֵמ ַחיִל אֶל־ψ 84:8 they go from strength to strength; יֵֶל ְך
ֶבּטַח הוֹ ֵל ְך בַּתֹּם, Pr 10:9 ; especially 3. of moral and religious life; ַשּׁר־ ָל֑כֶת ֶ יְיPr
15:21 he maketh straight to walk (walketh straight, upright); partic. a. walk in ( בּ ְ ) ways
(counsels, statutes, etc.), (1) in good sense: ( α ) ִים ה׳ ְבּ ֶד ֶר ְך ָתּמψ 101:6 , cf. Is 30:21
Je 6:16 1 K 8:36 = 2 Ch 6:27 ; ( β ) in ( בּ ְ ) ways of י׳, especially D : Dt 8:6 ( ||
) ְליִרְאָה אֹתוֹcf. 10:12 , 11:22 ( || לְאַ ֲהבָה אֶת־י׳etc.), 28:9 ( || ;) ָשׁמַר ִמצְוֹת י׳v.
also 13:15 + ; 1 K 11:33 ( sq. ֲשׂוֹת ) ַלע, v 38 ( sq. ָשׂי ָת ִ ) וְע2 K 21:22 ψ 119:3 ;
128:1 ; ָיו בְּאֹרְחֹתIs 2:3 = Mi 4:2 ; further ( sq. ) ֶדּ ֶר ְךJu 2:17 ; ( γ ) † in
commandments of י׳2 Ch 17:4 ; ( δ ) in his law(s) ( ָהּ ) תוֹרEx 16:4 , 14 ( J ) 2 K
10:31 Je 9:12 ; 44:23 ( + ֻקֹּת ) ְבּ ֵעדְוֹת & ְבּח, 2 Ch 6:16 Dn 9:10 , cf. Ne 10:30 (of
( ;) אֱלֹהִיםε † in his ordinances, statutes ( ) חֻקּוֹתLv 26:3 1 K 6:12 Je 44:10 , 23 (
v. supr. ), Ez 5:6 , 7 ; 11:20 ; 18:9 , 17 ; 20:13 , 16 , 19 , 21 , cf. חיִּים ַ ְבּחֻקּוֹת
33:15 ; also ֵי ְבּ ֻחקּ1 K 8:61 Ez 11:12 ; 36:27 ; ( ζ ) † in his judgments ( ִשׁ ָפּטִים ְ ) מψ
89:31 Ez 37:24 ; ( η ) † in ordinances of David 1 K 3:3 , cf. also infr. ; ( θ ) in way(s)
of good man 1 S 8:3 , 5 2 Ch 21:12 , of David 2 Ch 11:17 ; 34:2 , of David & Sol.
17:3 (2) in bad sense, ( α ) in (evil) ways c. בּ
ְ 2 K 21:21 Ez 16:47 ; 23:31 2 Ch 22:3
; cf. also (prob.) 2 Ch 21:20 ְלֹא ֶח ְמדָּה וַיֵֶּל ְך בּand he lived undesirably ( cf. B
Kmp Öt ); > others he departed (died) unregretted , so AV RV ; ( β ) sq. acc. 2 K
21:21 Je 18:15 ( ִיבוֹת ( ;) ה׳ נְתγ ) c. adverb. acc. הוֹ ֵל ְך ִעקְּשׁוּת פֶּהPr 6:12 one
walking in perversity (falseness) of mouth ( cf. ְצדָקוֹת Is 33:15 ); ( δ ) in ( בּ
ְ)
ordinances, statutes ( ֻקּוֹת
) חof bad men Lv 18:3 ; 20:23 (both H ) 2 K 17:8 , 19 Ez
20:18 ( ֵי
) בְּחוּקּ. b. walk with ( אֶת, ) עִםi.e. associate, be familiar with: וּ ְבמִישׁוֹר ה׳
ְשׁלוֹם ָ ִאתִּי בּMal 2:6 in peace and uprightness he walked with me ( ַה ְצנֵ ַע ֶלכֶת ;) י׳
עִם־אֱלֹהֶי ָךMi 6:8 ; but also of people at variance with וַ ֲה ַל ְכתֶּם ִעמִּי ֶק֑רִי י׳Lv 26:23
cf. v 27 , 40 ; & of י׳at variance with people ִי וְ ָה ַלכְתּי … ִע ָמּכֶם ְבּ ֶ ֑קרv 24 cf. v
28 (all H ); with men, ִים אֶת־ ֲח ָכמPr 13:20 ; ֶשׁע ַ ְשׁי ר ֵ עִם אַנJb 34:8 ; cf. walk with (
) עִםvanity Jb 31:5 . c. walk before ; ִל ְפנֵי י׳ ( י׳c. ֶבּ ֱאמֶת, ְבּכָל־ ִלבָּםetc.) 1 K 2:4 ;
3:6 ; 8:23 , 25 ; 9:4 2 Ch 6:16 ; 7:17 cf. פּנֵי י׳ ְ ה׳ קְדֹ ַרנִּית ִמMal 3:14 ; walk before
the living (i.e. walk aright before them) Ec 6:8 . d. walk, go, after ( ֵי ( ) אַ ֲחר1) י׳Dt 13:5
1 K 14:8 Je 2:2 Ho 11:10 + ; (2) other gods, Ju 2:12 especially D : Dt 4:3 ; 6:14 ;
8:19 ; 13:3 ; 28:14 Je 2:23 ; 7:6 ; 8:2 ; 11:10 ; 16:11 ; 25:6 + ; cf. go & serve other
gods Jos 23:16 Dt 13:7 , 14 ; 17:3 ; 29:17 ( cf. 28:14 supr. ); (3) things which do
not profit Je 2:8 ; (4) vanity Ho 5:11 (reading שׁוְא
ָ cf. VB ); v. also Am 2:4 . e. walk
in (1) one’s integrity, etc., ִי
ְבּ ֻתמּψ 26:11 cf. 84:12 Pr 10:9 , v. also ָתּמִים ה׳ ψ 15:2
, תֹם הֹ ְלכֵי Pr 2:7 ; (2) bad sense, in ( בּ
ְ ) sin 1 K 15:3 , 26 , 34 ; 16:2 , 26 2 K 13:6
, 11 + (especially of wicked kings); (evil) counsel 2 Ch 22:5 cf. ψ 1:1 . f. (1) ֵב
לas
subj., ( α ) = thoughts , ך
ְ ָה ַל לֹא ִלבִּי2 K 5:26 did not my thoughts go forth; ( β ) evil
inclination , Jb 31:7 ; ך ְ אֶל־לֵב ִשׁקּוּצֵיהֶם … ִלבָּם הֹ ֵלEz 11:21 ; sq. גִלּוּלֵיהֶם אַ ֲחרֵי
20:16 , ָם אַ ֲחרֵי ִב ְצע33:31 ; (2) = נֶפֶשׁdesire , טוֹב ַמ ְראֵה עֵינַיִם ֵמ ֲה ָלךְ־נֶפֶשׁEc 6:9
better is sight of the eyes than outgoing of desire . 4. other fig. uses: depart from פּנֵי ְ ִמ
Ho 11:2 (from prophets as God’s messengers; opp. ָא ;) ָקרgo into , הָֽלְכוּ ַב ְכּ ִלמָּהIs
45:16 they have gone into confusion (judgment on idol-makers); etc. † Niph. Pf. 1 s.
ְכּצֵל ִכּנְטוֹתוֹ נֶ ֱה ָ ֑ל ְכתִּיψ 109:23 like a shadow when it stretches out I am gone ( cf. היה
Niph. )
† Pi. (chiefly poet. & late) Pf. ִה ַלּ ְכתִּיJb 30:28 ψ 131:1 ; ִה ָלּ֑ ְכתִּיψ 38:7 ; 3 pl.
ִהלְּכוּJb 24:10 La 5:18 ; Impf. ךְ יְ ַה ֵלּEz 18:9 + 2 times; וַיְ ַה ֵלּ ְך1 K 21:27 ; 1 s.
ֲא ַה ֵלּ ְךψ 86:11 + 2 times; 3 mpl. לּ֑כוּ ֵ יְ ַהHb 3:11 + 2 times; יְ ַהלֵּכ֑וּןψ 89:16 + 2
Kmp A. Kamphausen.
times; 1 pl. נְ ַה ֵלּ ְך ψ 55:15 Is 59:9 ; Imv. ַה ֵלּ ְך Ec 11:9 ; Pt. ְמ ַה ֵלּ ְךPr 6:11 ψ 104:3
; ִים
ְמ ַה ְלּכEc 4:15 ;— 1. walk in or with a throng sq. ְבּloc. : ְבּבֵית א׳ נְ ַה ֵלּ ְך ְבּ ָר֑גֶשׁψ
55:15 ; walk, tread on coals ִים
עַל־ ַהֶגּ ָחלPr 6:28 ; of idols ψ 115:7 they do not walk ,
have not the power of walking ( cf. יִ ְצ ָע֑דוּ Je 10:5 ); of one tramping , formidable, sim.
ָ ֵ֑אשׁ
of poverty ך ֶ ר וּבָא־ ִכ ְמ ַה ֵלּ ְךPr 6:11 ,—a highwayman according to Ges Ew Hi
Now , cf. ; || מגֵן ָ ( ַמחְסֹ ְר ָך ְכּאִישׁcf. also Hithp. 24:34 ); of י׳, walking (in
majesty), marching , ח ַ עַל־ ַכּנְפֵי רוּψ 104:3 on the wings of the wind; of righteousness,
personified, ך
ְ ֶצדֶק ְל ָפנָיו יְ ַה ֵלּψ 85:14 ; of wisdom בְּאֹרַח ְצ ָדקָה ֲא ַה ֵלּ ְךPr 8:20 in the
path of righteousness do I walk (stedfastly, unswervingly); of animals, go about, prowl ,
( שׁוּ ָעלִים ִהלְּכוּ ב֑וֹ עַל הַר־צִיּוֹן ֶשׁה֯ ָשּׁמֵםQr ) ֶשׁ ָשּׁמֵםLa 5:18 , of ships, in (stately)
movement ψ 104:26 ; of springs 104:10 between mountains they go ( run, flow ); of
arrows Hb 3:11 at the light of thine arrows that go ( fly, shoot; cf. Hithp. ψ 77:18 ). 2.
also of walking about = living ֶשׁ ַשּׁ֑מ
ָ ַהמְֿ ַה ְלּכִים ַתּחַת הEc 4:15 ; ָערוֹם ִהלְּכוּ ְבּלִי
לְבוּשׁ Jb 24:10 naked they keep going about (freq.), without clothing; so of going about
as mourner ִי
ִה ַלּ ְכתּ קֹדֵר Jb 30:28 ψ 38:7 ( cf. Qal ψ 42:10 ); ך
ְ נְ ַה ֵלּ ַבּ ֲאפֵלוֹת Is 59:9
in darkness we walk (of distress); on the other hand ֵכ֑וּן
ָפּנֶי ָך יְ ַהלּ בְּאוֹרψ 89:16 (of
blessedness & prosperity). 3. depart, go entirely away ( ִן ִממְּקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ יְ ַה ֵלּ֑כוּ ) מEc
8:10 from the holy place they must depart (on text cf. VB ; || ִיר ִשׁ ַתּ ְכּחוּ ָבע
ְ ) וְי. 4. fig.
of mode of life, action, etc.: of particular path of one’s life ך ְ בְּאֹרַח־זוּ ֲא ַה ֵלּψ 142:4 ;
specif. in good sense ך אַ֑ט ְ וַיְ ַה ֵלּ1 K 21:27 and he (Ahab) walked softly (as a penitent);
oftener c. בּ ְ of path in which: ִבּ ְד ָרכַי יְ ַה ֵלּ֑כוּψ 81:14 that in my ways they would walk!
cf. 86:11 ( ך ָ ֑) ַבּ ֲא ִמ ֶתּ, Ez 18:9 ( ;) ְבּחֻקּוֹתַיin bad or doubtful sense ְבּ ַד ְרכֵי ִל ְבּ ָך
וּ ְב ַמ ְראֵי עֵינֶי֑ ָך וְ ַה ֵלּ ְךEc 11:9 ; cf. also ִבּגְדֹלֹת לֹא ִה ַלּ ְכתִּיψ 131:1 I do not walk (
move, tread ) among great things ( || מּנִּי ֶ ; וּ ְבנִ ְפלָאוֹת ִמfig. of humility, cf. also v a).
† Hithp. Pf. ְ־ ִה ְת ַה ֶלּךGn 6:9 1 S 30:31 ; וְ ִה ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךconsec. Ex 21:19 1 S 2:35 ; 2
ms. תּ ָ ִה ְת ַה ָ ֑לּ ְכEz 28:14 Jb 38:16 ; 1 s. ִה ְת ַה ַלּ ְכתִּיGn 24:40 + 5 times, etc.; Impf.
יִ ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךPr 23:31 ; יִ ְת ַה ָ ֑לּ ְךJb 18:8 ; 22:14 ; 1 s. ֶא ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךψ 43:2 + 2 times; וְ ֶא ְת ַה ְלּכָה
ψ 119:45 ; 3 mpl. ְכוּ יִ ְת ַהלּ1 S 2:30 + 2 times; וַיִּ ְת ַהלְּכוּJu 21:24 + 3 times; יִ ְת ַה ָ ֑לּכוּ
1 S 23:13 + 3 times; ָכ֑וּן יִ ְת ַהלּψ 12:9 ; 3 fpl. וַ ִתּ ְת ַה ַלּ ְכנָהZc 6:7 , etc.; Imv. ִה ְת ַה ֵלּ ְך
Gn 13:17 ; 17:1 ; ְכוּ ִה ְת ַהלּJos 18:8 Zc 6:7 ; Inf. ( ְל) ִה ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךψ 56:14 + 4 times; sf.
ִה ְת ַה ָלּ ְכ ָךPr 6:22 ; Pt. ִמ ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךGn 3:8 + 7 times; fs. ִמ ְת ַה ֶלּכֶתEz 1:13 ; mpl.
ִמ ְת ַה ְלּכִים1 S 25:27 ;— walk, walk about, move to and fro: 1. lit. a. traverse , in this
direction and that, Gn 13:17 ( J ; ֶץ ) בָּאָרJos 18:4 (JE), v 8 ( id. ; בָּאָרֶץ לְכוּ וְ ִהתְה׳
); cf. Jb 1:7 = 2:2 (both || ) שׁוּטZc 1:10 , 11 ; similarly also 1 Ch 21:4 ; of fiery
appearance in Ezek.’s vision ַיּוֹת
ַהח ִמתְה׳ בֵּיןEz 1:13 ; of horses in Zec.’s vision Zc
6:7 ( ֶץ ) ָל ֶלכֶת ְל ִהתְ׳ בָּאָר, v 7 ( ) לְכוּ ִה ְת ַהלְּכוּ בָּא׳, v 7 ; go in different directions
ְשׁבְטוֹ ִ ִשׂ ָראֵל … אִישׁ ל ְ ִשּׁם ְבּנֵי י
ָ וַיִּתְה׳ מJu 21:24 ( || ִשּׁם ָ וַיֵּצְאוּ מetc.); so of lightning
flashes as arrows of י׳ψ 77:18 went hither & thither; of water running off different
ways 58:8 ( sim. of vanishing of wicked). b. walk, walk about ַחוּץ ִה ְת ַה ֵלּ ְך בּ
ִשׁ ַענְתּוֹ ְ עַל־מEx 21:19 (JE) i.e. leaning upon his staff; Pr 6:22 (distinguished from
ָשׁכַב, ;) ֵהקִיץ2 S 11:2 ( ִה ְת ַה ָלּ֑ ְכ ָתּ וּ ְב ֵחקֶר תְּהוֹם ;) עַל־גַּג בֵּית ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךJb 38:16 and in
the farthest ground of the deep hast thou walked? תּ ָ בְּתוֹ ְך אַ ְבנֵי־אֵשׁ ִה ְת ַה ָלּ֑ ְכEz 28:14 ;
so also of י׳, walking on earth, in anthropomorphic conception ִים ַבּגָּן קוֹל י׳ אֱלֹה
ִמ ְת ַה ֵלּ ְךGn 3:8 ( J ) the sound of י׳Elohim walking about in the garden; of God ( Ēl )
וְחוּג ָשׁ ַמיִם יִ ְת ַה ָלּ֑ ְךJb 22:14 and the vault of heaven he walketh; walk about in front of (
) ִל ְפנֵיEst 2:11 ; attend, follow , of retainers ַה ִמּ ְת ַה ְלּכִים ְבּ ַרגְלֵי אֲדֹנִי1 S 25:27 ;
wander , of Israel ֶל־גּוֹי מִגּוֹי אψ 105:13 = 1 Ch 16:20 ; rove about , of David and his
band ְ־שׁם ֶ א1 S 30:31 ; ֲשׁר יִ ְת ַה ָלּ֑כוּ
ָ ֲשׁר־ ִה ְת ַה ֶלּך ֶ וַיִּ ְת ַהלְּכוּ ַבּא23:13 (on this phr. cf.
Psalt. Hieron. 1874, 156 f.
Lag Dr Sm ); walk about, prowl , of Jehoiachin under fig. of lion,
בְּתוֹךְ־ ֲארָיוֹת וַיִּתְה׳ Ez 19:6 ; cf. also ך ֑ ֶ וּבָא־ ִמ ְת ַה ֵלּ ְך רPr 24:34 and thy poverty
ָ ֵישׁ
cometh marching ( cf. Pi. 6:11 ); glide, flow of wine ִיםֵישׁר
ָ יִתְה׳ ְבּמPr 23:31 glideth
down smoothly ( VB ; cf. Qal 3 Ct 7:10 ); note especially the foll., where emphasis lies
not on verb, but on an auxiliary word; these cases form the natural transition to the
figurative use:— ψ 12:9 on every side wicked men are walking; ִישׁ ְבּ ֶצלֶם יִ ְת ַה ֶלּךְ־א
39:7 in appearance ( semblance , lit. image cf. Che crit. n.
) walketh a man; also ָלמָּה
קֹדֵר ֶא ְת ַה ֵלּ ְך 43:2 ( cf. Qal 42:10 , Pi. 38:7 Jb 30:28 ). 2. fig. walk about = live;
the king before ( פנֵי
ְ ) ִלhis people 1 S 12:2 , so of Samuel v 2 ; of priest 2:35 ( ִל ְפנֵי
ִ ;) מof friendly intercourse with ( ) אֶתmen 1 S 25:15 ; cf. ְכּ ֵר ַע כְּאָה־לִי
ְשׁיחִי
ִה ְת ַה ָ ֑לּ ְכתִּיψ 35:14 ; of man’s relation to God: especially sq. ִל ְפנֵי, ה׳ ְל ָפנַי וֶ ְהיֵה ָתמִים
Gn 17:1 ( P ) walk before me (live constantly in my presence) and ( so ) be perfect , cf.
24:40 ( J ), 48:15 ( E ); ֵם
ה׳ ְל ָפנֶי ָך ֶבּ ֱאמֶת וּ ְב ֵלבָב ָשׁל2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 ; as token
of divine favour פנַי
ָ ְל עַד־עוֹלָם יִ ְת ַהלְּכוּ1 S 2:30 ( v. especially Dr , on sense here &
elsewhere); ψ 116:9 חיִּים ַ ֶא ְת ַה ֵלּ ְך ִל ְפנֵי י׳ בְּאַרְצוֹת ַה, 56:14 ( יִתְה׳ ;) בְּאוֹר ַה ַחיִּים
ִשׁמוֹ ְ בּZc 10:12 they shall walk in his name; c. אֶת, of Enoch and Noah ה׳
אֶת־ ָהאֱלֹהִיםGn 5:22 , 24 ; 6:9 (denoting intimacy, fellowship: all P ); further ה׳
ַבּ ֲא ִמ ֶתּ֑ ָךψ 26:3 I have walked in thy faithfulness; ַצדִּיק ִמתְה׳ ְבּתֻמּוֹPr 20:7 he that
walketh justly in his (own) integrity; ִי ֶאתְה׳ ְבּתָם־ ְל ָבבִי ְבּ ֶקרֶב בֵּיתψ 101:2 ; cf. also ψ
119:45 and let me walk in a large place (untrammelled, undismayed); of the wicked
ֲשׁמָיו
ָ ִמ ְת ַה ֵלּ ְך ַבּא ψ 68:22 one going on in his guilty deeds; ְה׳
ֲשׁכָה יִת
ֵ ַבּחψ 82:5 they
walk in darkness ( || ִינוּ
;) לֹא יָֽדְעוּ וְלֹא יָבof their exposure ַל־שׂ ָבכָה יִתְה׳
ְ עJb 18:8
he walketh on net-work , (snare, cf. ֶשׁת ְבּ ַרְגלָיו || ; שׂבכה
ֶ ;) ֻשׁלַּח ְבּרespecially of י׳as
accompanying Israel ך ָ ֶ ִמתְה׳ ְבּ ֶקרֶב ַמ ֲחנDt 23:15 walk in the midst , etc., בְּתוֹ ְככֶםLv
26:12 ; 2 S 7:7 wherever ( ֲשׁר ֶ ) בְּכֹל אI have walked with ( among ) ְבּall ( the sons of
) Isr . = 1 Ch 17:6 ; as inhabiting a tent, on the march, ך ְ ִשׁ ָ ֑כּן וָ ֶא ְהיֶה ִמ ְת ַה ֵלּ
ְ בְּאֹהֶל וּ ְבמ
2 S 7:6 and I was walking in a tent and in a tabernacle .
† Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. ( הוֹלִי ְךas if from ילך, i.e. a verb ́ פ׳ו, cf. reff. sub Qal Impf.
supr. ) 2 K 24:15 ; sf. ך ָ הוֹלִי ְכDt 8:2 , וְהוֹלִיכוֹconsec. Pr 16:29 , etc.; Impf. יוֹלִי ְך
Ec 10:20 , ך ְ יוֹ ִלJe 32:5 ; juss. יוֹ ֵל ְךDt 28:36 ; ֶשׁיֹּ ֵל ְךEc 5:14 ; וַיּוֹ֫ ֶל ְךEx 14:21
וַיֹּ֫ ֶל ְך2 K 6:19 + 2 times; וַיֹּ֖ ַל ְךLa 3:2 ; sf. וַיּוֹ ִל ֵכנִיEz 40:24 ; 43:1 ; 47:6 1 s.
אוֹלִי ְך2 S 13:13 Ez 32:14 , cohort. וְאוֹלִיכָה2 K 6:19 , וָאוֹ ֵל ְךAm 2:10 + 3 times,
etc.; Imv. ך ְ הוֹ ֵלNu 17:11 ; fs. הֵילִיכִיEx 2:9 ( Bö ii 461, § 1103 ; but read prob. הוֹלִיכִי
Ol § 256, b Ges § 69x ); mpl. ִיכוּ הֹל2 K 17:27 ; Inf. sf. לְהֹלִיכוֹ2 Ch 36:6 ; Pt.
מוֹלִי ְךJe 2:6 + 4 times; sf. מוֹלִי ְכ ָךDt 8:15 , מוֹ ִל ֵכ ְךJe 2:17 ; מוֹלִיכָםIs 63:13 ; fpl.
מוֹלִכוֹתZc 5:10 ;— 1. lead, bring: sq. acc. usually of person; a. c. ְבּof space or
region through which, Dt 8:15 (Isr. in wilderness) Je 2:6 ψ 136:16 , so also Is 48:21 ;
ַבּ ָדּ֑ ֶר ְךJe 2:17 ; cf. Jos 24:3 ( E ), Is 63:13 ψ 106:9 ; also fig. Is 42:16 and I will
lead ( the ) blind in a way ( ך
ְ ) ְבּ ֶד ֶרthey know not; b. c. acc. pers. , ְבּof space + acc.
of time ך
ְ ַבּ ִמּ ְדבָּר וָאוֹ ֵל ֶא ְתכֶם אַ ְר ָבּעִים ָשׁנָה Dt 29:4 ; so Am 2:10 ( sq. Inf. of
purpose c. ל ְ ). c. sq. acc. pers. + acc. of way, road , Dt 8:2 , cf. ֶדּ ֶר ְך ַהדָּרוֹםEz
40:24 ( acc. of direction). d. sq. acc. pers. + acc. of place or condition to which …
ְשׁי ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך
ֵ הוֹלִי ְך גּוֹלָה אֶת־נ2 K 24:15 the women of the king , etc., he led into exile (
ִירוּשׁ ַל ִם ָבּ ֶב֑לָה
ָ ;) מso also, of exile וְהוֹ ַל ְכתִּי ָה ַה ִמּ ְדבָּר
Ho 2:16 ; ֶל ָבּבJe 32:5 ; cf. of
Yahweh’s chastisement, La 3:2 me hath he driven and brought , into darkness and not
into light; sq. acc. pers. + ֶל
א: אֶל־גּוֹיetc. Dt 28:36 (of exile); אֶל־נַ ֲחלֵי־ ַמיִםJe 31:9
; ַר
ַשּׁע
ַ אֶל־הEz 43:1 ; אֶל־ ָה ֵעדָהNu 17:11 ( P ; implic. obj. being censer); אֶלof pers.
2 K 6:19 Je 52:26 , ַל
עin || 2 K 25:20 ; עַלalso 1 K 1:38 ( וַיֹּלִכוּ אֹתוֹ עַל־גִּיחוֹןsee
ע7 c β ). e. sq. acc. pers. + ָ — הloc. : שֹׁמְרֹ֫נָה2 K 6:19 ; ָבּ ֶב֫לָה2 Ch 33:11
sub ַל
; 36:6 ( cf. 2 K 24:15 supr. ); cf. ָה ָשׁ֫מּ2 K 17:27 . 2. lead away sq. acc. pers. +
֑ ָ מוֹלִי ְך יוֹ ֲעצִים שׁוֹJb 12:17 he ( ) י׳leadeth away counsellors despoiled cf.
appos.; לל
v 19 ; of Yahweh’s judgment on the wicked ψ 125:5 י׳will lead them away with ( ֶת )א
the workers of iniquity . 3. carry, bring: c. obj. helpless, or inanimate: a. + acc. loc. ,
† ֵ ֫ה ֶל ְך S 1982
TWOT 498a
GK 2144
n. m. traveller ( properly a going, journey ,
†[ך
ְ ָהלִיS 1978
TWOT 498b
GK 2141
] n. [ m. ] step , only pl. sf. ֲהלִיכַי ְבּ ֵחמָה
ִבּרְחֹץJb 29:6 when my steps were bathed in cream ( ָה
= ֵחמ ) ֶחמְאָהhyperb. of
abundance, wealth.
† [ ָה
ֲהלִיכS 1979
TWOT 498c
GK 2142
] n. f. a going, way, travelling-company ,
sf. ֲהלִי ָכתָם Na 2:6 Qr ( הלוכתםKt ); elsewhere only pl. , cstr. ֲהלִיכוֹת ψ
68:25 , so Pr 31:27 Qr ( הילכותKt ), ִכוֹת
ֲהלHb 3:6 , ֲהלִיכֹתJb 6:19 ; sf.
ֲהלִיכוֹ ֶתי ָך
ψ 68:25 ;— 1. going, walk , a. Na 2:6 they shall stumble in their going;
elsewhere pl. goings: b. ψ 68:25 ( ×2 ) of going, marching, progress of God into the
sanctuary ( ַקֹּדֶשׁ ; בּso Hup Pe Che ; Ew Hi De in holiness ) ref. either to
solemn processions of worshippers (e.g. De ) or, perhaps better, to the theophanic
progress of God himself (e.g. Che ); also c. of goings = doings פיָּהִ ה׳ בֵּיתָהּ צוֹPr
31:27 watching the doings of her household; of God Hb 3:6 ֲהלִכוֹת עוֹלָם לוֹways
of eternity ( al. of old ) are his . 2. travelling-company, caravan ָא
ֲהלִיכֹת ְשׁבJb
6:19 ( || ָא
) אָרְחוֹת ֵתּמ.
†[ך
ְ ַמ ֲה ָלS 4108 , 4109
TWOT 498d
GK 4544
] n. m. Ne 2:6 walk, journey, going
(late); cstr. ךְ ַמ ֲה ַלEz 42:4 + 2 times; sf. ַמ ֲהלָֽ ְכ ָךNe 2:6 ; pl. ַמ ְה ְלכִיםZc 3:7
;— 1. walk ‘of 10 cubits’ breadth before the chambers’ in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 42:4 (
cf. Da ). 2. journey from Bab. to Jerusalem Ne 2:6 ; of dimension of Nineveh, a
journey of three days Jon 3:3 i.e. diameter or length, cf. v 4 ; (according to
Herodot. v. 53 one day’s journey = 150 stadia, = length of Nineveh according to
Diod ii. 3 ). 3. pl. goings , i.e. free access ( VB ) Zc 3:7 .
† [ ָה
ַתּהֲלוּכS 8418 TWOT 498e GK 9336 ] n. f. procession , only pl. ַתּ ֲהלֻכֹת
Ne 12:31 of thanksgiving-processions at dedication of wall.
† I. [ ָהלַלS 1984
TWOT 499 , 500 , 501
GK 2145 , 2146 , 2147
] vb. shine ( according to
Thes al. = II. ( הללsplenduit , from sonuit acute, clare , so Thes ; these meanings,
however, merely assumed); but v. Lag Or . ii. 19 ; cf. Arabic begin to shine , new moon;
Assyrian elêlu , be bright , ellu , bright COT Gloss. ) — Qal only Inf. sf. ִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ
ְבּה
רֹאשׁי
ִ ֲעלֵי Jb 29:3 when it , viz. his lamp, shone upon my head ( cf. Ew § 309 c
), fig.
of God’s favour. Hiph. Impf. יָהֵל Jb 31:26 , 3 fs. ָתּהֶל יָהֵלּוּIs
Jb 41:10 ; 3 mpl.
13:10 ;— flash forth light , of heavenly bodies, = אוֹרsun Jb 31:26 ( || ך ְ יָ ֵר ַח יָקָר הֹ ֵל
); sq. acc. cogn. ָם ַשּׁ ַמיִם וּ ְכסִילֵיהֶם לֹא יָהֵלּוּ אוֹר
ָ כּוֹ ְכבֵי הIs 13:10 ( || ַשּׁמֶשֶׁ ָשׁ ְך ה
ַח
ַ ;) יָ ֵר ַח לֹא־יַגִּיalso of crocodile ֲעטִישֹׁתָיו ָ ֫תּהֶל אוֹרJb 41:10 his sneezings
, & הּ אוֹרוֹ
flash forth light (shining water-drops).
† הֵילֵל S 1966
TWOT 499a
GK 2122
n. m. appell. shining one , epith. of king of
Babylon, ַר ָ֑ בּ
ֶן־שׁח ִשּׁ ַמיִם ה׳
ָ אֵי ְך נָ ַפ ְל ָתּ מIs 14:12 how art thou fallen, shining one,
son of dawn! i.e. star of the morning. ( Cf. Assyrian muštilil epith. of (Venus as)
morning-star III R 57:60 Opp JAS 1871, 448 Schr SK 1874, 337 COT ad loc. )
† ִהלֵּל S 1985
GK 2148
n.pr. m. ( he hath praised; cf. NH n.pr. ִהלֵּל, Hillel )
father of a judge of Israel Ju 12:13 , 15 , called ָתוֹנִי
ַה ִפּ ְרעv. ִפּ ְרעָתוֹן.
† [ ִלּוּל
הS 1974
TWOT 500a
GK 2136
] n. [ m. ] ( NH id. ) only pl. הִלּוּלִים
rejoicing, praise : 1. ִים
הִלּוּל וַיַּעֲשׂוּJu 9:27 i.e. a vintage-rejoicing, merry-making,
connected with thanksgiving ֶם וַיָּבֹאוּ בֵּית אֱלֹהֵיה, etc. (i.e. god Baal-Berith, see v
4 ). 2. of praise to י׳, קֹדֶשׁ ה׳Lv 19:24 ( H ) holiness of praise , i.e. a consecrated
thing in token of thanksgiving for fruit, offered in 4th year ( cf. NH ).
† [ ָה
הוֹ ֵללS 1947
TWOT 501a
GK 2099
] n. f. madness ( on text v. infr.
) , only
pl. ֵלוֹת הֹל, הוֹלֵלוֹת, and only Ec: Ec 1:17 and I set my heart ( ) וָ ֶא ְתּנָה ִלבִּיto
know wisdom, and to know madness and folly ( ְלוּת ְשׂכ
ִ ) הֹלֵלוֹת ו, cf. הוֹלֵלוֹת2:12
( || id. ); ְלוּת ה׳
ֶשׁע ֶכּסֶל וְ ַה ִסּכ
ַ וְָל ַדעַת ר7:25 , i.e. to know folly to be madness;
possibly read ֵלוּת חוֹל, cf. & ִסכְלוּתfoll.; the moral evil of it is specif. recognised in
Ec 9:3 ( || ָע ) ר.
† הוֹלֵלוּת S 1948
TWOT 501b
GK 2100
n. f. id. ( formed unusually from the
ptcp. , an Aramaic formation, cf. Ba NB 414 f.
) ְתּ ִחלַּת ִדּ ְברֵי־פִּיהוּ ִסכְלוּת וְאַ ֲחרִית
פִּיהוּ הוֹלֵלוּת ָרעָה Ec 10:13 the beginning of the words of his mouth is folly, and
the end of his mouth (his speech) is evil madness .
† [ ָל
ַמ ֲהלS 4110
TWOT 500b
GK 4545
] n. [ m. ] praise ;—only in ְלפִי ַמ ֲהלָלוֹ
וְאִישׁ Pr 27:21 the refining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold, and a man
according to his praise , i.e. prob. according to the praise of him by others, which
tests him; so De Str al. ; perhaps however so let a man be to the mouth of his
praise , i.e. that praises him ,—testing the praise to determine its worth, Thes
RobGes ; other views are: according to the measure of his boasting Ew , i.e. is
judged according to his success or failure in that of which he boasts; Hi according to
the thing of which he boasts .
† ָה ְתּ ִהלּS 8416 TWOT 500c GK 9335 n. f. praise, song of praise ( cf. Arabic ,
the shouting of a sacred formula; Sprenger Muḥammad iii. 527 We Skizzen iii. 107 ff. 114.117.214
Nö ZMG 1887, 723 RS Sem i. 411 Che OP 460 ) abs. ת׳Is 60:18 + 19 times + Je 49:25
Kt , v. infr. ; cstr. ְתּ ִהלַּת Je 48:2 + 2 times; sf. ְתּ ִה ָלּתִי Je 17:14 + 6 times;
ְתּ ִהלָּֽ ְת ָך ָ ֑ ְתּ ִה ָלּ ֶתψ 35:38 + 6 times; ְתּ ִה ָלּתֶי ָךψ 19:15 ; on
Dt 10:21 , ψ 48:11 , ך
†[ ָהלַםS 1986
TWOT 502
GK 2150
] vb. smite, hammer, strike down ( cf. Ph.
מהלם infr. sub ֻמוֹת
—; ) ַמ ֲהלQal Pf. 3 fs. וְהָֽ ְלמָה consec. Ju 5:26 ; 3 pl. הָֽלְמוּ
Ju 5:22 Is 16:8 ; sf. ֲהלָמוּנִיPr 23:35 ; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יֶ ֶה ְל ֵמנִיψ 141:5 ; 3 mpl.
יַהֲלֹמ֑וּןψ 74:6 ; Pt. act. ֫הוֹלֶם ָפּ֑עַםIs 41:7 ( cf. Ges § 29, 3 b ); pass. cstr. הֲלוּמֵי
Is 28:1 ;— smite (with hammer), sq. acc. pers. Ju 5:26 (fatally; || ַק ָמח, ;) ָמחַץalso
fig. of correction, discipline ψ 141:5 ( || ח ַ ;) הוֹכִיof intoxicating wine גֶּפֶן ִשׂ ְבמָה ַבּ ֲעלֵי
גוֹיִם הָֽלְמוּ ְשׂרוּקֶּי ָהIs 16:8 the vine of Sibma, its choice branches smote down lords of
nations (so Hi De Che Brd Di al. , RVm ; lords subj. according to Ges Ew al.
AV RV ); also מי יַיִן
ֵ הֲלוּsmitten down by wine Is 28:1 ; cf. further Pr 23:35 ; sq.
acc. rei ֫הוֹלֶם־ ָפּ֑עַםIs 41:7 one striking an anvil; smite down , or strike off ψ 74:6 (
obj. ִים
פִּתּוּחcarved work ); also abs. of horses’ hoofs Ju 5:22 .—On וַהֲלֹם1 S 14:16
v. ֲלֹםה.
† ַהלְמוּת S 1989
TWOT 502a
GK 2153
n. m. hammer, mallet , only cstr. ה׳
ֲע ֵמלִים Ju 5:26 a workman’s hammer .
(without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter
form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences: on the whole ָה ( ֵהמּalone)
is somewhat more freq. than ֵם
ה, ָההֵםon the contrary is said regularly, ָה ֵהמָּהoccurring
only 12 times, viz. Nu 9:7 ( P ), Je 14:15 Zc 14:15 , and in the phr. ָה
ָה ֵהמּ ַבּ( ַה)יָּמִים
Houb C. F. Houbigant.
Jer Jerome; also Jerusalem.
Tu F. Tuch.
Xenoph Xenophon.
2 K 18:4 Je 3:16 , 18 ; 5:18 ; 50:4 Jo 3:2 ; 4:1 Zc 8:23 Ne 13:15 , though ַבּיָּמִים
ָההֵםis much more common) pron. 3 pl. masc. ( ֵהמָּהused incorrectly for the fem. Zc
5:10 Ru 1:22 Ct 6:8 ), fem. הנָּה ֫ ֵ [ NH also הֵן, which occurs however in Bibl. Heb.
only after a prefix: v. infr. 8 ], pr. 3 pl. they ( Biblical Aramaic ִמּוֹ ה, q.v. ; ; Ethiopic
(one form) ’emūn-tū, ’emān-tū ; cf. also for the dissyl. form, the sf. –ōmū [ fem. –ōn ];
perhaps also Assyrian suff. šunu, šina[ni] , cf. reff. sub ) הוּא. In usage not different in
genl. from הוּא, ִיא( הwhich see, under the corresponding headings, for fuller
explanations), thus:—
2. a. (Resuming the subj. with emph.) Gn 14:24 (note accents), Dt 1:39 ψ 23:4 ;
27:2 (accents), 37:9 ; 107:24 Ez 36:7 ; 44:15 . b. Is 30:7 Ez 27:13 , 17 , 21 ; cf. Is
44:11 . c. Nu 14:27a Je 27:9 Ez 43:19 ֵם ֲשׁר ה
ֶ ִמוֶּרַע צָדוֹק א, Ec 4:2 Ne 2:13 .—
ֵהמָּה ִכּ ְדוֵי ַל ֻחמִיJb 6:7 read perhaps ( וַ ֲהמָה וגו׳or ) זָֽ ֲהמָהit is loathesome ( √ ) זהם.
3. a. Gn 3:7 Ex 5:8 ֵם כִּי נִ ְרפִּים הfor they are idle, 14:3 ; 15:23 ; 29:33 etc. (the
opp. order rare: Nu 11:16 Is 61:9 , cf. De ψ 94:11 ). b. Gn 34:21 , 23 ; 41:26 ;
48:5 ֵם שׁני בניך … לִי הthy two sons …, they are mine, Ex 32:16 + often: Is. 41:22
ָהרִאשֹׁנוֹת מָה ֵהנָּה, 49:21 ֵאלֶּה אֵיפֹה הֵםthese—where were they? Zp 2:12 after
אַתֶּם, peculiarly ( cf. Dr ). c. Dt 20:15 הנָּה
§ 198 Obs. 2
ֵ ֲשׁר לֹא־ ֵמ ָערֵי הַגּוֹיִם ָה ֵאלֶּה
ֶ א,
Ju 19:12 1 K 9:20 . d. 2 K 7:10 ָה
ֲשׁר ֵהמֶּ ַכּא. ( Pr 19:7 Kt לֹא־ ֵהמָּהis prob. corrupt:
v. Comm. )
4. a. Pr 30:24 אַ ְר ָבּעָה הֵם ְק ַטנֵּי־אָ֑רֶץfour things are they , the little ones of the
earth, v 29 ( cf. before a rel. clause v 15 , 18 ; 6:16 Ct 6:8 Is 51:19 הנָּה ֵ ְשׁ ַתּיִם
קֹרְאֹ ַתיְִך, 1 Ch 9:26 ( v. הוא4 a ). b. ( β ) Gn 21:29 … מָה ֵהנָּה ֶשׁבַעlit. What are
they—these seven sheep? Zc 1:9 ; 4:5 . ( γ ) … ֶה † הֵם ֵאלּGn 25:16 ( = 1 Ch 1:36 )
§ 201, 3
Lv 23:2 Nu 3:20 , 21 , 27 , 33 1 S 4:8 1 Ch 8:6 ; 12:15 ( v. Dr ).
6. a. In a neuter sense (rare), Jb 6:7 ִכּ ְדוֵי ַל ְחמִי ֵהמָּהthey (i.e. such sufferings as
mine) are as loathsomeness in my meat, Je 7:4 ַל י׳ ֵהמָּה הֵיכthey (i.e. these buildings)
are the temple of ; י׳and in the fem. , Lv 5:22 of all that a man doeth to sin הנָּה ֵ ָבּ
therein , 1 Ch 21:10 || ( ֵמ ֵהנָּה 2 S 24:12 ;) ֵמהֶם 2 S 12:8 Jb 23:14 ָכּ ֵהנָּהthings such
as these .
N.B.— Ez 8:6 Kt ָמהֵםstands for ( מָה הֵםso Qr ), cf. ַמזֶּהfor מַה־זֶּהEx 4:2 ; 2
K 9:18 ֵם עַד־הis irreg. for ; ֲעדֵיהֶם2 S 4:6 וְ ֵהנָּה וג׳is textual error for וְ ִהנָּה שֹׁ ֶערֶת
ַה ַבּיִת סֹ ְקלָה ִחטִּים וג׳v. We Dr ( & RVm ).
8. With preps. (in lieu of the normal, and more usual, forms with suffixes ֶם
ָבּה, ָלהֶם
, ֶם
ֵמהetc. [ ָכּהֶן & ָכּהֶם, however, each once only, כְּמוֹהֶםthrice: v. —)] ְבּa. † ָבּ ֵהמָּה
Ex 30:4 ; 36:1 (both P ), Hb 1:16 ; ָה
† ָכּ ֵהמּJe 36:32 ; † ָל ֵהמָּה Je 14:16 ; ָה† ֵמ ֵהמּ
Je 10:2 Ec 12:12 . b. ֵם
† ָכּה2 S 24:3 Yahweh add to the people ְפ ָעמִים ָכּהֵם וְָכהֵם
מֵאָהthe like of themselves and the like of themselves 100 times, = 1 Ch 21:3 (but ֵם ָכּה
here only once, cf. Dt 1:11 ֶם ) ָכּכ, 2 Ch 9:11 Ec 9:12 . c. † ָבּ ֵהנָּהLv 5:22 ( P ) Nu
13:19 (JE) Je 5:17 : הנָּה ֵ † ָכּGn 41:19 2 S 12:8 וְאֹ ִספָה ְל ָך ָכּ ֵהנָּה וְָכ ֵהנָּה, Jb 23:14 :
† ָל ֵהנָּהEz 1:5 , 23 ( ×2 ) ; 42:9 Zc 5:9 : † ֵמ ֵהנָּהLv 4:2 ( P ) Is 34:16 Je 5:6 Ez
16:51 ; 42:5 ψ 34:21 1 Ch 21:10 ( || 2 S 24:12 ֶם ) ֵמה. d. † ָבּהֵןGn 19:29 ( P )
30:26 , 37 Ex 25:29 ; 37:16 (both P ) Lv 10:1 ; 11:21 ; 14:40 Nu 10:3 ; 16:7 (all
P ) Dt 28:52 Jr 4:29 ; 48:9 ; 51:43 ( ×2 ) ( ֶן
ָבּהthrice only, v. p. 88 ); † ָכּהֵןEz 18:14
(edd.; Baer ֶן
= ( ָלהֵן ;) ָכּהtherefore ) † Ru 1:13 ( ×2 )
(also Biblical Aramaic); ֵן
† ֵמה
Ez 16:47 , 52 (edd.; Baer ֶן
) ֵמה. (With the exception of ָכּ ֵהנָּה, these forms are found
mostly in P and writers not earlier than Je.; b and d , however, depend solely on the
punctuation.)
†[ ָהמָהS 1993
TWOT 505
GK 2159
] vb. murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous (
ֲהמָא, but rare, and perhaps not genuine Aramaic; cf. Arabic murmur ) ;— Qal Pf.
3 mpl. ָמוּ הψ 46:7 + 2 times; וְהָמוּconsec. Je 5:22 + 2 times; Impf. יֶ ֱהמֶהJr 6:23
+ 3 times; 2 fs. ִי ֶתּ ֱהמψ 42:12 ; 43:5 ; וַ ֶתּ ֱהמִי42:6 ; ֶא ֱהמֶה55:18 ; ֶא ֱה ָמ֑יָה77:4 ;
יֶהֱמוּ46:4 + 3 times; וַיֶּ ֱהמוּIs 51:15 Je 31:35 ; יֶ ֱהמָיוּ֑ןψ 39:7 + 2 times; 1 pl. נֶ ֱהמֶה
Is 59:11 ; Inf. ֲמוֹת הIs 17:12 ; Pt. הֹמֶהPr 20:1 Je 4:19 ; f. הוֹמָה1 K 1:41 ,
הֹ ִמיָּהPr 7:11 ; 9:13 , הוֹ ִמיָּהIs 22:2 ; fpl. הֹמִיּוֹתPr 1:21 , הֹמוֹתEz 7:16 ( Co
ַה ָמּוֶתcf. S );— 9. growl like a dog ַכּ ָכּ֑לֶבψ 59:7 , 15 , subj. wicked men; groan
(in distress, lamentation), like bears ִים כַּדֹּבIs 59:11 ( || ;) כיונה הגהof doves (also in
sim. ) Ez 7:16 cf. Da ( si vera l. , vid. supr. ). 10. murmur , fig. of soul ( ֶשׁ
) נֶפin
discouragement ψ 42:6 , 12 ; 43:5 ; in prayer 55:18 ; 77:4 (both || ָה
אָשׂיח
ִ ); also subj.
ֵמעִים, of the thrill of deep-felt compassion or sympathy, sq. ְלof person pitied, Je
31:20 ( || ) רהם ארחמנו, sq. ַל ע, Ct 5:4 ; further ַכּכִּנּוֹר, like the lyre ( zither ) Is
16:11 ; ִים ַכּ ֲחלִיל, like flutes , subj. לֵבJe 48:36 ( sq. ) ְלv 36 ( sq. ;) אֶלcf. Je 4:19
לִי ִלבִּי הֹמֶה־. 11. roar , of waves, subj. ַגּלִּיםJe 5:22 ; 31:35 Is 51:15 cf. ψ 46:4 ;
sim. of roar of multitudes Is 17:12 Je 6:23 ; 50:42 ; metaph. id. , Je 51:55 ; be
tumultuous , of peoples ψ 46:7 ( || ָטוֹ
;) מ83:3 ( || ָֽשׂאוֹ רֹאשׁ
ְ ) נ. 12. be in commotion,
stir , of city 1 K 1:41 Is 22:2 ; so pt. fpl. as subst. הֹמִיּוֹת רֹאשׁPr 1:21 head of
stirring, bustling streets ( || ;) פתחי שׁעריםof man, ָי֑וּן אַךְ־ ֶהבֶל יֶ ֱהמψ 39:7 surely to
no purpose they bustle about ( || ֶם ) יִ ְת ַה ֶלּךְ־אִישׁ אַךְ־ ְבּ ֶצל. 13. be boisterous, turbulent ,
as with win Zc 9:15 (but read perhaps ָם ָדּמ, cf. Fi Hexapl. ii. 3, 1024 Klo Th LZ, 1879, 564 Sta
ZAW 1881, 18
); also pt. as adj. , of ָר
( ֵשׁכby meton.) Pr 20:1 ; of shameless woman Pr
7:11 ; 9:13 .
† הָמוֹן S 1995
TWOT 505a
GK 2162
n. m. 1 S 4 , 14 ( f. † Jb 31:34 ?) sound,
murmur, roar, crowd, abundance ;— abs. ה׳ 1 S 4:14 + 27 times ( + 2 K 25:11
= אָמוֹןin || Je 52:15 , v. II. אָמוֹןp. 54 supr. ); cstr. הֲמוֹןGn 17:4 + 30 times +
Ez 39:11 , 15 ( ֲמוֹן גּוֹג ) גֵּיא הsf. הֲמוֹנוֹIs 5:13 + 2 times + Ez 31:18 Qr + 3
times ( Kt ;) המונהso also Co for n.pr. (?) ֲמוֹנָה ( הq.v. ) 39:16 ; הַמוֹנָהּIs 5:14
+ 6 times + Ez 7:12 , 13 ; 30:4 (all del. B Co ; in 7:13 also Da ), ֲמֹנָהּ הEz
29:19 ; ֲמוֹנָם הIs 31:4 Ez 7:11 ; pl. הֲמֹנִיםJo 4:14 ( ×2 ) ; sf. הֲמוֹנֶי ָהEz 32:30
;— ֶם ֲה ָמנְכEz 5:7 v. sub המןinfr. ;— 1. sound, murmur, rush, roar , especially
sound made by a crowd of people, murmur, roar ψ 65:8 ִים ְשׁאוֹן יַמִּים || ( ה׳ ְל ֻאמּ
etc.); cf. קוֹל ה׳Is 13:4 sound of a roaring ( || שׁאוֹן ְ ) קוֹל, 33:3 Dn 10:6 ; הֲמוֹן
ַעמִּיםIs 17:12 ( || ) ְשׁאוֹן ְל ֻאמִּיםwhere again compared with ; הֲמוֹתיַמִּיםalso 31:4
of throng of shepherds ( || ;) קוֹלof a city ריָה ה׳ ְ ִקJb 39:7 ( || ְשׁאוֹת נֹגֵשׂ ֻ ;) תּcf.
= ה׳ עִירnoisy city Is 32:14 , הֲמוֹנָהּIs 5:14 ; of sound of songs ה׳ ִשׁי ַריְִךEz
26:13 ( || ך ְִ) קוֹל כִּנּוֹ ַרי, cf. Am 5:23 ( || ;) זִ ְמרַת נְ ָבלֶי ָךof crying קוֹל ה׳1 S 4:14
( || ָה קוֹל ;) ְצ ָעקv. further הֲמוֹן ֵמעִיםfig. of sympathy Is 63:15 ( || ) ַר ֲחמִים, cf.
ָהמָה2 ; of rain ֶשׁם ֶ קוֹל ה׳ ַהגּ1 K 18:41 , cf. Je 10:13 = 51:16 ;—of rumbling of
chariot-wheels ָיו ה׳ ַגּ ְלִגּלּJe 47:3 ( || ) ַרעַשׁ ְל ִרכְבּוֹ & ַפּרְסוֹת קוֹל ַשׁ ֲעטַת. 2. tumult,
confusion (as occasioning a roar) 1 S 14:19 2 S 18:29 . 3. crowd, multitude
(especially freq. in Ez Ch):— a. frequently of great army Ju 4:7 1 S 14:16 1 K
† [ מיָה
ְ ֶהS 1998
TWOT 505b
GK 2166
] n. f. sound, music , of instruments ֶה ְמיַת
נְ ָב ֶ ֑לי ָך Is 14:11 .
√ ( המלof foll.; cf. Arabic shed tears (sc. the eye); rain steadily (sc. the sky) ) .
† ֲה ֻמלָּה S 1999
TWOT 506a
, ָה
הֲמוּלּn. f. rain - storm (?), rushing or roaring
sound (?): ָה קוֹל הֲמוּלָּה גְדֹלJe 11:16 sound of a great storm , of wind fanning
flames in tree (in fig. of Yahweh’s judgment on Judah); > AV RV Da tumult;
ַמ ֲחנֶה קוֹל ֲה ֻמלָּה כְּקוֹלEz 1:24 of noise of wings of living creatures in Ezekiel’s
vision ( del. B Co cf. Hi ).
† ָהמַםS 2000
TWOT 507
GK 2169 , 2170
vb. make a noise, move noisily, confuse,
discomfit ( cf. [ — ) ] הוםQal Pf. וְ ָהמַםconsec. Is 28:28 ; sf. ֲה ָמ ֶמ֫נִיJe 51:34 Qr
( Kt ) ֲה ָמ ָמ֫נוּ, ֲה ָממָם2 Ch 15:16 ; 1 s. ת֫י
ִ ֹ וְהַמּEx 23:27 ; Impf. וַיָּ֫הָםEx 14:24 Ju
4:15 ; sf. ֵם וַיְּ ֻהמּJos 10:10 1 S 7:10 ψ 18:15 + 2 S 22:15 Kt (doubtless right; Qr
;) וַיָּהֹ֑ם2 ms. sf. וּ ְת ֻהמֵּםψ 144:6 ; Inf. sf. ְל ֻהמָּם Dt 2:15 Est 9:24 ;— 1. move
† [ ַן
ָהמS 1995
TWOT 505a
GK 2171
] vb. rage, be turbulent ( ?denom. from המון
Thes , after Rabb.; cf. Ke RV ; AV multiply; but very dub. ) —only Qal Inf.
sf. ֶם
מִן־הַגּוֹיִם יַעַן ֲה ָמנְכEz 5:7 ( Sm queries; Ew , after S Aq , ִה ָמּנֵכֶםfrom
;) מנהread rather, with Bö Co Da , ( המרותכםfrom ) מרהbecause ye rebelled .
ָהמָן S 2001
GK 2172
n.pr. m. Haman , favourite of Ahasuerus ( etym. dub. ;
according to Jen VOJ 1892, 58 ff.
= Elamit. n.pr. div. Ḫumban , or Ḫumman ) — Est
3:1 + 53 times in Esther.
המסTWOT 508
( √ of foll.; meaning dubious ) .
ֶ ֫המS
† [ ֶס 2003
TWOT 508a
GK 2173
ֲה ָמסִיםbrushwood (
] n. [ m. ] only pl.
cf. De Che Di RV ; some such meaning prob. from context ) ִיםִכּקְדֹ ַה אֵשׁ ֲה ָמס
Is 64:1 as fire kindleth brushwood ( VB ).
המרTWOT 509
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic pour, pour out ) .
† [ ָה
ַמהֲמֹרS 4113 TWOT 509a GK 4549 ] n. f. flood ( cf. Arabic √ ) , or
watery pit (proposes place of flowing waters; cf. Symm βοθύνους , and NH ,
NHWB iii. 40 )—only pl. ֲמֹרוֹת ַמהψ 140:11 ( Gr Che מכמרות, nets , v. sub
; כמר comp. ֶשׁת
ֶר v 6 ).
Bö F. Böttcher.
I. [ הֵןS 2005 , 2006 , 3860
TWOT 1083 , 2698 , 510
GK 2176
] pron. 3 pl. fem. , often in NH ,
in Bibl. Heb. only with prefixes, ֵן
ָבּה, etc.: see under ֵהמָּה8 d.
Mand. Mandean.
qu. question.
2 Ch 2:3 , cf. 2 K 10:9 Je 32:27 ); ך
ָ ְ ִהנּGn 20:3 + ( † 2 K 7:2 ) ִהנְּכָה, ִהנֶּ֑ ָךּ † ψ
139:8 , fem. ִהנָּ ְךGn 16:11 + 6 times; † הִנּוֹNu 23:17 Jb 2:6 1 Ch 11:25 , ִהנֵּ֫הוּ
† Je 18:3 Kt ( הנֵּה הוּא ִ is more usual, as Gn 20:16 ; 42:27 ; 1 S 10:22 Je 38:5
Ru 3:2 ): 1 pl. הנְנוּ ִ † Jos 9:25 2 S 5:1 Je 3:22 Ezr 9:15 , † ִהנֶּ֫נּוּGn 44:16 ;
50:18 Nu 14:40 , הנֵּ֑נוּ ִ Jb 38:35 ; † ִהנְּכֶםDt 1:10 Je 16:12 ; ִהנָּםGn 40:6 +
often (37 times)— lo! behold! a. pointing to persons or things, Gn 12:19 and now
ִשׁ ְתּ ָך
ְ ִהנֵּה אbehold thy wife! 18:9 ִהנֵּה בָאֹהֶלbehold (she is) in the tent (the suffix,
when the noun to which הנהrefers has immediately preceded, being not unfrequently
omitted, 16:14 : cf. Dr § 135. 6, 2 ), 30:3 ; 31:51 ( ×2 ) Ex 24:8 1 K 2:29 . With sf.
of 1 ps., especially in response to a call, indicating the readiness of the person
addressed to listen or obey, Here I am! (lit. Behold me! ) Gn 22:1 , 7 , 11 ; 27:1 ,
18 ; 31:11 ; 37:13 ; 46:2 Ex 3:4 1 S 3:4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 16 ; 22:12 2 S 1:7 Is, 6:8
, cf. 1 S 12:3 ִי ִהנְנִי עֲנוּ בhere I am , answer against me, 14:43 ( cf. Dr p. 292 ), 2
S 15:26 (in resignation: cf. Gn 44:16 ; 50:18 Jos 9:25 Ezr 9:15 ): of God Is 52:6
; 58:9 ; 65:1 ( ×2 ) (repeated for emphasis). In the pl. הננוNu 14:40 Je 3:22 Jb
38:35 .—Emph. הנְנִי ָ֕אנִיִ Ez 34:11 , 20 , cf. 6:3 . On … ִהנְנִי אֶל, v. אל4 , p.
40 . b. introducing clauses involving predication: ( a ) with ref. to the past or present,
it points generally to some truth either newly asserted, or newly recognised, Gn 1:29
behold! I have given to you all herbs etc. 17:20 ; 27:6 1 S 14:33 etc.; often one
upon which some proposal or suggestion is to be founded, Ex 1:9 ( cf. הןGn 11:6 )
1 S 20:2 , 5 ; 2 K 5:20 . When the proposal is to be of the nature of an entreaty or
request, הנֵּה־נָא
ִ is often used, instead of the simple ִהנֵּהGn 12:11 ; 16:2 ; 18:27 1
K 20:31 ; 22:13 al. ( v. ) נָא. ( b ) with ref. to the future. Here it serves to introduce
a solemn or important declaration Ex 32:34 ; 34:10 Is 7:14 ; and is used especially
with the ptcp. (the fut. instans , Dr § 135, 3 ) in predictions or threats, Gn 20:3 ך ָ ְִהנּ
( מֵתlit.) behold thee (accus.) about to die, thou art about to die,
Ex 4:23 ; 7:17 ; 9:3
Dt 31:16 1 S 3:11 1 K 20:36 ; 22:25 Is 3:1 ; 10:33 ; 17:1 ; 19:1 ; 22:17 ; 24:1
+ often; in the phrase † ימים באים הנה1 S 2:31 2 K 20:17 = Is 39:6 Am 4:2 ;
8:11 ; 9:13 + Je 15 times; very often with the suffix of 1 ps. sg. , as ִיא ִהנְנִי ֵמב
Behold , I bring (lit. behold me bringing , or about to bring ) … Gn 6:17 Ex 10:4 &
often, especially in Je; Gn 9:9 Ex 8:17 ; 9:18 ; 34:11 2 K 22:20 Is 13:17 ; 29:14
; 43:19 Je 8:17 ; 11:22 ( ֵד ; ִהנְנִי פֹקso 23:2 + ) 16:16 ; 20:4 , etc.;
anomalously, with change of person, Is 28:16 ( ִהנְנִי יִסַּדaccording to points) behold
me , one who has founded , 29:14 ִהנְנִי יוֹסִףbehold me , one who will add (so 38:5
); but it is dub. whether the ptcp. יֹסֵד, יוֹסֵףshould not be read. c. … וְ ִהנֵּהvery
freq. in historical style, especially (but not exclusively) after verbs of seeing or
discovering , making the narrative graphic and vivid, and enabling the reader to enter
into the surprise or satisfaction of the speaker or actor concerned: Gn 1:31 and
behold , it was very good, 6:12 ; 8:13 ; 15:12 ; 18:2 ; 37:29 Ex 2:6 Dt 9:13 etc.:
in the description of a dream Gn 37:7 , 9 ; 40:9 , 16 ; 41:1 , 2 , 3 Is 29:8 , or of a
vision Am 7:1 , 4 ; 8:1 etc. With a ptcp. (the context fixing the sense to the past),
Gn 24:30 ; 37:15 (both without suffix); Ju 9:43 ; 11:34 1 K 19:5 , 11 + . d. like
II. ֵן
( הb ), nearly = if (rare): Lv 13:5 , 6 , 8 , 10 (& elsewhere in this nad the next
ch.) הנֵּה
ִ ְ וand behold = and if , Dt 13:15 and 17:4 וְ ִהנֵּה ֱאמֶתand behold it is true
= and if it be true, 19:18 1 S 20:12 ; cf. 1 S 9:7 2 S 18:11 Ho 9:6 ; with ו׳in
apod. 2 K 10:9 .
ֵ ֫הנּS
I. ָה 2007 , 2008
TWOT 504 , 510b
GK 2178 , 2179
49 adv. hither ( perhaps from II. ֵן
ה
, used δεικτικω̂ς , with ה- loc. , proposes lo hitherwards! or perhaps akin to here ) —
a. of place: ( α ) hither Gn 15:16 יָשׁוּבוּ ֵהנָּה, 42:15 ; 45:5 that you have sold me
ֵהנָּהhither , v 8 , 13 Jos 2:2 ; 3:9 ; 18:6 2 S 1:10 Is 57:3 וְאַתֶּם ִקרְבוּ ֵהנָּה,
Je 31:8 ; 50:5 + ; 1 S 20:21 ִמ ְמּ ָך וָ ֵהנָּהfrom thee and hitherwards , i.e. on this side
of thee ( opp. ְאָה ) ִמ ְמּ ָך וָהָֽל: repeated 2 K 4:35 אַחַת ֵהנָּה וְאַחַת ֵהנָּהonce hither
and once thither = once to and fro; הנָּה ֵ ָ ֵהנָּה וhither and thither i.e. in different (or
opposite) directions, † Jos 8:20 2 K 2:8 , 14 1 K 20:40 strangely ך ָ וַיְהִי ַע ְב ְדּ
עֹשׁה ֵהנָּה וָ ֵהנָּה
ֵ lit. and thy servant was a doer of hitherwards and thitherwards , i.e.
was engaged in different directions ( Ew § 360, c treats ה׳here as the pron. 3 pl. fem.
construed irregularly, cf. ֶה עֹשׁה ֵאלּ ֵ : but read prob. with S B Th Klo
פֹּנֶהwas turning or looking ( Ex 2:12 ) for עֹשׁה ֵ ); עַד־ ֵהנָּהeven hither , Nu 14:19
1 S 7:12 2 S 20:16 הנָּה ֵ ְקרַב עַד־, 2 K 8:7 , to this point (in a book) Je 48:47 ;
51:64 (note of compiler or scribe). ( β ) here ( cf. ָה = ָשׁמּthere ) Gn 21:23 swear
to me הנָּה ֵ here , Dn 12:5 ֵהנָּה לְ׳ … ֵהנָּה לְ׳on this side of … on that side of … †
b. of time , in הנָּה ֵ עַדhitherto Gn 15:16 (with a neg., = not yet ) 44:28 Ju 16:13
ψ 71:17 & until now do I keep declaring thy wonders, 1 Ch 9:18 ; 12:30 until now
(the point reached in the narrative). In late Heb. , contracted to ד֫נָה
ֶ ֲעhitherto, still †
Ec 4:2 , עדֶן
ֲ † Ec 4:3 ֲשׁר ֲעדֶן לֹא ָהיָה
ֶא = who has not yet been ( cf. Mish.
ֲע ַדיִןhitherto, still , = ֲע ַדיִן לֹאnot yet ) .
ֵ ֫הנּS
II. ָה 2007 , 2008
TWOT 504 , 510b
GK 2178 , 2179
pron. 3 pl. fem. they : v. ֵ ֫המָּה.
ֲהנָחָה S 2010
TWOT 1323d
GK 2182
v. sub נוח.
† הִנֹּם S 2011
GK 2183
n.pr. m. ( deriv. & meaning dub. ; according to Sim Bö
Gf al. = wailing , Arabic , from cries of children ( v. infr. ), but this improbable )
—only in ֶן־ה׳
גֵּי(גֵּיא)ב, & abbrev. ג׳ ה׳, n.pr.loc. of valley S. of Jerusalem, (
φάραγγα Ονομ Jos 15:8 ( ×2 ) Σονναμ 18:16 ; Γαιεννα v 16 ; Γαιβενθομ 2 Ch
28:3 , L φάρ. Βενεννομ ; γὲ βανὲ ῾Εννομ 33:6 , L γῃ̂ Βενεννομ ;
elsewhere usually φάρ. ( υἱου̂ ) ῾Εννομ )— cf. sub —; ַגּיְאas mere topographical term
גֵּי בֶן־הִנֹּם, boundary between Judah & Benjamin Jos 15:8 ; 18:16 ; also ה׳ גֵּי
15:8 ; 18:16 (all P ) cf. Ne 11:30 ; elsewhere always ֶן־ה׳
ב ( גּ׳2 K 23:10 Kt has
הנם גי בני, Qr & B sing.), & always with ref. to the sacrifice of children by
fire, 2 K 23:10 2 Ch 28:3 ; 33:6 Je 7:31 , 32 ; 19:2 , 6 ; 32:35 ; on account of
this inhuman & idolatrous practice it was abhorred by priest & prophet, & defiled by
Josiah; this conception afterward developed, through Is 66:24 , into Jewish
Gehinnom ( cf. Weber Synagog. Theol. 326 ff. Di Buch Henoch. 131 f. ) & NT γέεννα . On locality
cf. Rob BR ii. 273 f. Tobler Topogr. ii 39 ff. Bd Pal. 103 ; mod. name (of lower half of valley,
toward SE.) Wady er-Rabâbi .
† ַע ֵהנS 2012 GK 2184 n.pr. loc. named betw. Sepharvaim and Iwwa; site
unknown, yet cf. Dl Pa 279 ; 2 K 18:34 ; 19:13 = Is 37:13 .
ֲהנָפָה S 5130
TWOT 1329
GK 2185
v. sub נוף.
† הַסS 2013
TWOT 511
GK 2187
, ָ ֑הסinterj. hush! keep silence ( prob. onomatop.
) Ju 3:19 and he said, I have a secret errand unto thee, O king, ה֔ס
ָ וַיֹּאמֶרand he said,
Keep silence! Am 6:10 ( וְאָמַר ָה֔סwhile burying men in a pestilence), 8:3 (ellipt.) in
every place ָֽס׃ ִשׁלִי ְך ה
ְ הthey cast them (the corpses) forth, (saying) Hush! sq. ( ִמ ְפּנֵי י׳
) ִמ ָפּנָיוHb 2:20 Zp 1:7 Zc 2:17 . Inflected, as though a verb, imv. pl. ַ ֔הסּוּNe 8:11
( Ges compares Arabic [ = ֲלֹם ] הhither! inflected as an imv. , e.g. : W AG i. § 368 ).
Hence as denom. † Hiph. impf. apoc. ַס וַיַּ֫הNu 13:30 and Caleb stilled the people.
† ָה ַפ ְךS 2015
TWOT 512
GK 2200
vb. turn, overturn ( NH id. , Aramaic ך
ְ ֲה ַפ, ,
Arabic W SG 47
, Assyrian abâku, apâku Dl W
) — Qal Pf. Lv 13:3 + 13 times; ך
ְ וְ ָה ַפ
consec. 2 K 21:13 Jb 34:25 ; 3 mpl. הָֽפְכוּψ 78:9 ; ֲה ַפ ְכתֶּםAm 6:12 Je 23:36 ,
etc.; Impf. ך ְ ֹ יַהֲפLa 3:3 Je 13:23 ; וַיַּהֲפֹ ְךGn 19:25 + 6 times; וַיַּ ֲה ָפךְ־1 S 10:9 ;
sf. ֵהוּ וַיַּ ַה ְפכJu 7:13 ; 3 fs. וַ ַתּהֲפֹ ְך2 Ch 9:12 ; ֶאהְפֹ ְךZp 3:9 ; וַיַּ ַהפְכוּ1 S 25:12
Jb 12:15 ; Imv. ך ְ ֹ הֲפ1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 , Inf. abs. הָפוֹ ְךPr 12:7 ; cstr.
הֲפֹ ְך Gn 19:29 1 Ch 19:3 ; sf. ָה ְפכִּי Gn 19:21 ; ָהּ
ָה ְפכ2 S 10:3 ;—on ( ַה ְפ ְכּכֶםso
Baer, q.v. ) Is 29:16 , v. ; ֶה ֶפ ְךPt. act. הֹ ֵפ ְךAm 5:8 ; הַהֹ ְפכִיψ 114:8 ; pl.
הַהֹ ְפכִיםAm 5:7 ; pass. הֲפוּכָהHo 7:8 La 4:6 .— 1. trans. a. turn, turn about, turn
over , c. acc. : e.g. turn the back ( ֶף ) עֹרJos 7:8 (JE); a dish ( עַל־ ָפּנֶי ָה ) ַצ ַלּחַת2 K
21:13 ; the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 , 2 K 9:23 ; but
also ( sq. בּ
ְ ) of hostility La 3:3 ; turn a cake ( pass. ) Ho 7:8 ; of י׳, ה׳ ָשׂפָה בְּרוּרָה
Zp 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, sq. לֵב אַחֵר ; אֶל־ ַעמִּים 1 S 10:9 another
heart , sq. ; לוֹturn a wind ( ח ַ ; רוּi.e. bring from different quarter) Ex 10:19 ( J ). b.
overturn, overthrow , sq. acc. Sodom, etc., Gn 19:21 , 25 , 29 ( J ), Dt 29:22 Je
20:16 La 4:6 ( cf. ַת וגו׳ ַמ ְה ֵפּכAm 4:11 v. infr. ; also ֲה ֵפכָה, [ ;)] ַמ ְה ֵפּכָהcity of
Ammon 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3 ( obj. om.); mountains Jb 9:5 ; 28:9 ; throne Hg 2:22
( || ִיד ְ ) ה, chariots v 22 ; tent ( ) אֹהֶל, ה׳ ְל ַמ֫ ְעלָהJu 7:13 ; obj. earth ( = ה׳
ִשׁמ
devastate ) Jb 12:15 ; wicked men Am 4:11 ( עֲמֹרָה ָה ַפ ְכתִּי ָבּכֶם ְכּ ַמ ְה ֵפּכַת אֱלֹהִים
) אֶת־סְדֹם וְאֶת־ Pr 12:7 Jb 34:25 ( obj. om.). c. turn = change, transform (1) sq.
acc. = alter; a colour ( ֵינוֹ
) עLv 13:55 ( P ); skin Je 13:33 ; bed ( ִשׁכָּבוֹ
ְ מv. ; ם׳
Che his lying down ) ψ 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert ִים
ִדּ ְברֵי אֱלֹהJe 23:36 ;
(3) sq. acc. c. Inf. ψ 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to,
into , sq. two acc. Lv 13:10 ψ 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually sq. acc. + ל ְ,
ψ 66:6 sea into dry land, ψ 78:44 rivers into blood, cf. 105:29 ; Je 31:13 mourning
into joy, so ψ 30:12 ; Am 5:7 justice into wormwood, cf. 6:12 ; 8:10 f easts into
mourning; Dt 23:6 = Ne 13:2 curse into blessing; Am 5:8 death-shade into morning.
2. intrans. a. turn, turn back , Ju 20:39 , 41 2 K 5:26 ψ 78:9 2 Ch 9:12 ; sq. לדרך
1 S 25:12 ; b. turn = change, change into , sq. pred. adj. ה׳ ָלבָןturn white Lv 13:3 ,
4 , 13 , 20 (all P ). Niph. Pf. ך ְ נֶ ְה ַפּEx 7:15 + 10 times; נֶ ְה ָפּ֑ ְךJb 20:14 ; וְנֶ ְה ַפּ ְך
consec. Lv 13:16 ; ָה נֶ ֶה ְפכLa 5:2 ; 3 mpl. נֶ ְהפְּכוּJb 19:19 + 3 times, נֶ ֶהפְכוּ1 S
4:19 Dn 10:16 , ְכוּ וְנֶ ֶהפconsec. Ex 7:17 Is 34:9 , etc.; Impf. יֵ ָה ֵפ ְךIs 60:5 Jo 3:4 ;
וַיֵּ ָה ֵפ ְךEx 14:5 Is 63:10 ; 2 ms. ֵתּ ָה ֵפ ְךJb 30:21 Ez 4:8 ; וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּEx 7:20 ; Inf.
abs. ך ְ נַהֲפוֹEst 9:1 ; Pt. נֶ ְה ָפּ ְךPr 17:20 ; נֶ ְה ָפּ֑כֶתJon 3:4 ;— 1. reflex. & intrans. a.
turn onself, turn, turn back ( cf. Qal 2 a ) Jos 8:20 (JE); turn aside ψ 78:57 ; turn from
side to side Ez 4:8 ; pains turned upon ( ַל ) עher 1 S 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon
her) cf. Dn 10:16 ; turn against sq. ֵבּ Jb 19:19 ; turn to ( ward ), sq. עַל, Is 60:5 ( ||
) בא ְל. b. turn = change (oneself) sq. pred. adj. Lv 13:25 ( P ); sq. pred. noun (?),
vine turns into degenerate plant Je 2:21 ; no pred. expressed Jb 20:14 ( cf. v b); of
heart turned in compassion Ho 11:8 ( || מ֑יָ ) נִ ְכמְרוּ נִחוּ, in sorrow, distress, La 1:20 ; of
heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward ( sq. ) אֶל Ex 14:5 ( J ) =
change of mind; sq. לְ , of plague spots changing colour Lv 13:16 , 17 ( P ); rod
changing to serpent Ex 7:15 ( P ); faces to paleness Je 30:6 ; dance to mourning La
5:15 ; comeliness to corruption Dn 10:8 ; ְאוֹיֵב
ל וַיֵּ ָה ֵפ ְך ָלהֶם Is 63:10 Jb 30:21 . c. be
perverse , only pt. used subst. נֶ ְה ָפּ ְך ִבּלְשׁוֹנוֹ Pr 17:20 he that is perverse with his
tongue . 2. pass. , a. be tuned, turned over to sq. ְל, an inheritance to strangers La 5:2 .
b. be reversed Est 9:1 . c. be turned, changed , sq. לְ , waters into blood Ex 7:17 , 20 (
E ); Saul into another man 1 S 10:6 ; streams into pitch Is 34:9 ; sun to darkness Jo 3:4 ;
stones to chaff Jb 41:20 ; month changed from sorrow to gladness Est 9:22 ; cf. ψ 32:4
where complem. om. d. be overturned, overthrown , of city Nineveh Jon 3:4 . e. be
upturned , of subterran. work of miners Jb 28:5 = there is an upturning . Hithp. Impf.
3 fs. ךְ ִתּ ְת ַה ֵפּJb 38:14 ; Pt. ִמ ְת ַה ֵפּ ְךJu 7:13 Jb 37:12 ; ִמ ְת ַה ֶפּכֶתGn 3:24 ;—reflex.
& intrans. : 1. turn this way & that, every way , of the flaming sword Gn 3:24 ( J );
storm-cloud Jb 37:12 ; turn over & over Ju 7:13 , of bread-cake tumbling into the host
of Midian. 2. transform oneself , Jb 38:14 of earth under rising dawn. Hoph. Pf. ך ְ ָה ְה ַפּ
ָעלַי ַבּלָּהוֹת Jb 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors ( cf. ִה ְתַגּ ְלגָּ֑לוּ v 14 , of
foes).
† [ ָה
ַמ ְה ֵפּכS 4114
TWOT 512d
GK 4550
] n. f. overthrow —always cstr. ַמ ְה ֵפּכַת
; & always of overthrow of Sodom, Gomorrah etc., except Is 1:7 םָ׳ וָרִים, where
read ְדֹם
( סEw Che RS Proph. 345
Di al. ; also Lag Sem i. 3
); yet even so prob.
gloss, of Stud. JPTh 1877, 714
; ְדֹם
ס
ם׳Dt 29:22 Je 49:18 ; and with force of verbal
noun, governing acc. , ם׳ אלהים את־סדםIs 13:19 Je 50:40 Am 4:11 . Cf. also
ָה ַפ ְך1 b, ֲה ֵפכָה.
† [ ָה
] ַתּ ְה ֻפּכn. f. perversity, perverse thing (only Pr except Dt 32:20 )—Pl.
abs. ַתּ ְהפֻּכוֹת Dt 32:20 + 8 times; cstr. id. Pr 2:14 ;— perverse things ,
particularly utterances Pr 2:12 ; 10:32 ; 23:33 , cf. פִּי ת׳ 8:13 , ת׳ לְשׁוֹן 10:31 ,
and even ת׳ אִישׁPr 16:28 ( || נִ ְרגָּןslanderer ); but also thoughts, devices Pr 6:14 ;
16:30 ; דּוֹר ת׳Dt 32:20 = perverse generation ( || ָם ) לֹא־ ֵאמֻן בּ, ת׳ ָר֑עPr 2:14 (
|| ר֑ע
ָ ) עֲשׂוֹת.
ֻהצַּב S 5324
TWOT 1398
Na 2:8 dub. ; perhaps text error; v. נצב.
† ֫
הֹצֶן S 2021
TWOT 513
GK 2210
n. [ m. ] deriv. & meaning dub. ; only Ez
23:24 ; וּבָאוּ ָע ַליְִך הֹצֶן ֶרכֶב וְַג ְלגַּלtext prob. in error: ִמצָּפוֹןso Co ( cf.
26:7 ); S with arms; Hi ֵן ָהצ, Inf. Hiph. of √ צנן, with rattling; Ew חֹצֶן
(so Codd.) with shoulder as place of carrying weapon; Bö Sm ֲמוֹן הmultitutde; Dl
gains like sense without emend. by comparing Assyrian êṣin ( -ši )
Baer’s Ezech. xi.
collect, gather , Flood Tabl. ii, 25, ff. , but this very dubious.
† הֹרS 2023 GK 2216 n.pr. mont. 1. mt. on border of Edom, always ָר הֹר ָהה,
named as stage in Isr.’s journey to Canaan Nu 20:22 ; 21:4 ; 33:37 Dt 32:50 ; as
place of Aaron’s death Nu 20:23 , 25 , 27 ; 33:38 , 39 , 41 Dt 32:50 (all P ); =
mod. Jebel Nebi Hârûn c. 50 miles S. of Dead Sea, just S. (SW.) of Petra, according
to Rob BR ii, 125, 152, cf. 519 ff. Bd Pal. 153 ; disputed by Ew Kn Di , & especially
Trumbull Kadesh Barnea 128 ff. , who thinks of J. Madurah , NW. of Edom. 2. a NE. spur of
Lebanon Nu 34:7 , 8 ( P ); mod. Jebel ‛Akkar cf. Porter Damascus, ed. 2, p. 333 Nbr Géogr.
du Talm. p. 9
Furrer ZPV viii. 27 ; yet v. Di .
† ָא ָהרS 2024 GK 2217 n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 5:26 but read ָמבַי ָערֵי cf. Schr KGF 430
,
v. || 2 K 17:6 ; 18:11 .
† ָהרַגS 2026
TWOT 514
GK 2222
vb. kill, slay ( NH id. , ואהרגMI (1 s. Impf.
consec. ); Arabic fall into war, conflict, disorder, slaughter; Sab. הרגfight Os 4, 1, 17 ,
kill SabDenkm 24, 25 ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ה׳Ju 9:24 + 4 times, ר֑ג ָ ָה2 S 14:7 + 2
times, ַג וְ ָהרconsec. Is 27:1 ; sf. וַ ֲה ָרגָ֑נִיconsec. 1 S 16:2 + 2 times; ֲהרָגוֹGn 4:25 ;
etc.; Impf. ֲרֹג יַהψ 10:8 + 4 times; יַ ֲהרָג־Jb 5:2 ; וַיַּהֲרֹגEx 13:15 + 14 times; sf.
יַ ַה ְרֵגנִיGn 4:14 ; 1 s. אַהֱרוֹגAm 2:3 , אַהֱרֹגAm 9:1 ; cohort. וְאַ ַה ְרגָהGn 27:41 ;
sf. רגֵהוּ ְ וָ ֶא ֶה2 S 4:10 2 K 10:9 ; 3 mpl. יַהֲרֹ֑גוּψ 94:6 Ez 23:47 ; וַיַּ ַהרְגוּGn
34:25 + 4 times; sf. רֻגנִי ְ יַ ַהGn 26:7 , etc.; Imv. הֲרֹגJu 8:20 ; sf. ָה ְרֵגנִיNu 11:15 ;
pl. ְגוּ ִהרNu 25:5 + 2 times; הֲרֹ֑גוּNu 31:17 ; Inf. abs. הָרֹגNu 11:15 + 2 times;
הָרוֹגEst 9:16 ; cstr. הֲרֹגEx 2:15 + 11 times; הֲרוֹגEc 3:3 Est 7:4 ; sf. ָה ְרֵגנִיEx
2:14 ; רגֵנוּ ְ ָהEx 5:21 ; ֲה ָרגְ ָך1 S 24:11 ; ָה ְרגֶ֑ ָךGn 27:42 + 2 times; ָהרְגוֹEx 21:14 ;
Pt. act. ֵג הֹרGn 4:15 + 4 times; הוֹרֵגEz 21:16 ; הֹרֱג֑ ָךEz 28:9 ; הֹ ְרגִיםJe 4:31
2 K 17:25 ; pass. ֲרוּגִים הIs 10:4 + 2 times; ֲה ֻרגִיםIs 14:19 ; cstr. ֲה ֻרגֵיJe 18:21 ;
הֲרוּגָיוIs 27:7 ; הֲרוּגֶי ָהIs 26:21 ; ֲה ֻרגֶי ָהPr 7:26 ;— 1. a. kill, slay , implying ruthless
violence, especially private violence Gn 4:8 , 14 , 15 , 23 , 25 ; 12:12 (all J ), 20:11
( E ) 26:7 ; 27:41 , 42 ; 34:25 , 26 ; 37:20 , 26 (all J ), 49:6 (poem in J ), Ex 2:14 (
×2 )
, 15 ( E ), 5:21 ( J ) 21:14 ; 23:7 (both JE), Nu 31:19 ( P ) Ju 9:5 , 18 , 24 ( ×2 ) ,
56 ; 16:2 ; 20:5 1 S 16:2 ; 22:21 ; 24:11 , 12 , 18 2 S 3:30 ; 4:10 , 11 , 12 ; 12:9 ;
14:7 ; 23:21 1 K 2:5 , 32 ; 18:12 , 13 , 14 ; 19:1 , 10 , 14 2 K 9:31 ; 10:9 1 Ch
7:21 ; 11:23 2 Ch 21:4 , 13 ; 22:8 ; 24:23 , 25 ; 25:3 Ne 4:5 ; 6:10 ( ×2 ) Zc 11:5 ψ
10:8 ; 94:6 ( || תַ ;) ִר ֵצּcf. Ju 8:18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ; 9:54 1 K 12:27 Is 14:20 2 Ch
22:1 Ne 9:26 ; so of massacre of Jews planned by Haman Est 3:13 ; 7:4 (both ַלהֲרֹג
ַשׁמִיד
ְ ) וּלְאַבֵּד ְלה, and of slaughter of Jews’ enemies in defence and revenge Est 8:11
(same combin.) 9:6 , 10 , 12 , 15 , 16 cf. v 11 ( pt. pass. the slain ). b. hence of
wholesale slaughter after battle Nu 31:7 , 8 ( ×2 ) 17 ( ×2 ) (all P ), Jos 8:24 ; 10:11
(both JE), 13:22 ( P ), Ju 7:25 ( ×2 ) ; 8:17 ; 9:45 2 S 10:18 1 K 9:16 ; 11:24 2 K
8:12 1 Ch 19:18 2 Ch 28:6 , 7 , 9 ; 36:17 Ez 26:8 , 11 , cf. Ju 9:26 ; pt. pass. the
Os E. Osiander.
SabDenkm Sabäische Denkmäler, edd. Mordmann & Müller .
slain Is 10:4 ; 14:19 cf. Ez 23:10 , 47 ; 37:9 , Je 18:21 מוֶת ָ ;) ֻמכֵּי־ ֶחרֶב || ( ֲה ֻרגֵי
further Ho 9:13 Hb 1:17 Je 4:31 Ez 21:16 ; 28:9 ; also of slaughter in a revolt 2 K
11:8 = 2 Ch 23:17 . 2. of God’s slaying in judgment (stern and inscrutable), Gn 20:4 (
E ), Ex 4:23 ; 13:15 ; 22:23 (all JE), Am 2:3 ; 4:10 ; 9:1 , 4 La 2:4 , 21 ; 3:43 ψ
59:12 ; 78:31 , 34 ; 135:10 ; 136:18 cf. Nu 11:15 ( ×2 ) (JE), 22:23 ( J ), Is 14:30 ,
26 ; 21 ( pass. the slain , so 27:7 ), Je 15:3 ; fig. פ֑י
ִ ֲה ַרגְתִּים ְבּ ִא ְמרֵי־Ho 6:5 ( ||
) ַבּנְּבִיאִים ָח ַצ ְבתִּי. 3. rarely of judicial killing by men (at God’s command), Ex 32:27
(JE), Lv 20:15 , 16 ( H ), Nu 25:5 (JE), Dt 13:10 ( ×2 ) cf. Ez 9:6 ְגוּ ַשׁחִית ַתּ ַהר
ְ ְלמ.
4. of killing beasts, Nu 22:29 ( J ; Balaam’s ass), Lv 20:15 cf. supr. , Is 22:13 (oxen;
|| שׁחֹטָ ), ֲשׁר ַבּיָּ֑ם
ֶ ַה ַתּנִּין אIs 27:1 ; also of killing vines, by hail ψ 78:47 . 5. of killing
by beasts: lions 2 K 17:25 , viper Jb 20:16 . 6. quite general is ְפּוֹא
ִלר עֵת ַלהֲרוֹג וְעֵת
Ec 3:3 . 7. destroy, ruin קנְאָה ִ ֶל ֱאוִיל יַ ֲהרָג־כּ֑עַשׂ וּפֹתֶה ָתּמִיתJb 5:2 ; ְפּ ָתיִם ַתּ ַה ְרגֵם
ְשׁ ְלוַת ְכּ ִסילִים תְּאַ ְבּדֵם מְשׁוּבַת
ַ וPr 1:32 ; also of those ruined by shameless woman Pr
7:26 .—Regular construction is c. acc. ; obj. sometimes om., as La 2:21 ; used abs.
Ho 9:13 Je 4:31 ; 15:3 La 3:43 Ez 21:16 Ec 3:3 ; sq. בּ ְ slay among , i.e. some of, 2
K 17:25 2 Ch 28:6 , 9 ψ 78:31 ; sq. ( מִןpart of), + acc. , 1 Ch 19:18 ; sq. dir. obj.
c. ְל † 2 S 3:30 Jb 5:2 ψ 135:11 = 136:19 , 20 (but in last 3 first obj. is acc. ).
Niph. Impf. 1. pass. of Qal 1 a, ֵג
יֵ ָהרLa 2:20 shall priest and prophet be slain in the
sanctuary? 2. pass. of Qal 1 b , 3 fpl. רְגנָה
ַ ֵתּ ָהEz 26:6 ; also Ez 26:15 ( ֶבּחָהרֵגּ ֶהרֶג
= ) ְבּ ֵה ָהרֵג, but Co ַבּהֲרֹג ֶחרֶב. Pu. Pf. 3 ms. הֹ ָר֑גIs 27:7 be slain ( pass. of
Qal 1 b ); cf. 1 pl. הֹ ַרגְנוּψ 44:23 ( || ְשׁבְנוּ כְּעֹאן ִט ְבחָה
ַ ) נֶח.
† ֶ ֫הרֶג S 2027
TWOT 514a
GK 2223
n. m. Is 30:25 slaughter — ה׳abs. Pr
הֵרוֹן S 2032
TWOT 515c
GK 2228
v. ֵהרָיוֹן.
† [ ריָּה
ִ ָהS 2030
TWOT 515a
GK 2230
] adj. f. pregnant , only pl. as subst.
וְ ָהרִיּוֹתָיו Ho 14:1 ( cf. Assyrian êriiâtê Jäger BAS i. 473
).
† ֵהרָיוֹן S 2032
TWOT 515c
GK 2228 , 2231
n. [ m. ] conception, pregnancy ;— ה׳
abs. Ho 9:11 Ru 4:13 ; sf. הֵרֹנֵ ְך Gn 3:16 , either contr. , so Ew § 214 a
, or
erron. for הריונךwhich stands in Sam. cf. Di ;— conception , in combin. ִמ ֵלּדָה
וּ ִמ ֶבּטֶן וּ ֵמ ֵהרָי֑וֹן Ho 9:11 ; ֶד
ה׳ וַ ֵתּל וַיִּתֵּן י׳ לָהּ Ru 4:13 ; ך
ְ ֵ ִעצְּבוֹנֵ ְך וְהֵרֹנGn 3:16
( || ִי
) ֵתּ ְלד.
† ִי הֲרוֹרS 2033 GK 2229 adj. gent. 1 Ch 11:27 ; ַההֲרוֹרִיbut read prob. ַה ֲחרוֹדִי
( cf. || 2 S 23:25 ) q.v.
† הֹרָם S 2036
GK 2235
n.pr. m. a Canaanitish king ruling in Gezer Jos 10:33 .
ָהרָם S 1027
GK 2234
v. בֵּית ָהרָםp. 111 supr.
† [ ְמוֹן
ַהרS 2038
GK 2236
] n. m. meaning dub. ; text perhaphs corrupt; only Am
4:3ִשׁ ַל ְכ ֶתּנָֿה ַה ַהרְמ֫וֹנָה
ְ וְהand ye shall cast them (your אחרית, posterity, AE ; Hi
RV cast [yourselves], but read rather with Vrss as pass. ָשׁל׳ ְ וְהshall be cast ) into
Harmon; if text be sound, some locality must be meant, though the nature of the
allusion is lost ( AV , into the palace , treats הרמוןimprob. as = ) ארמון. S
have mountain ( s ) of Armenia ( מוֹנָה ) הַר, Symm Armenia , cf. Lag Ges -Abh. 172
† ָהרָן S 2039
GK 2237
n.pr. m. ( mountaineer; i.e. mountain-people (or land)? cf.
Di Gn 11:27 ) ;— 1. son of Teraḥ , brother of Abram and father of Lot Gn 11:27
( ×2 )
, 31 (all P ), v 28 ( J ); also father of Milcah (Nahor’s wife) & Iscah v 29 (
J ). 2. a Levite (Gershonite) 1 Ch 23:9 .—On ָן ָהרin n.pr.loc. v. sub בית הרם, p.
111 .
† ָהרַסS 2040
TWOT 516
GK 2238
vb. throw down, break or tear down ( MI
?; הרסArabic , bruise, bray pound, crush (grain) ) — Qal Pf. הָ׳La 2:2 , 17 ; ָה ָר֑סIs
14:17 ; ֫תָּ וְ ָה ַר ְסJu 6:25 וְ ָה ַר ְס ִתּ֫יEz 13:14 Mi 5:10 ; וְהָֽרְסוּEz 16:39 ; 26:4 , 12
ָה ָר֑סוּ1 K 19:10 , 14 ; Impf. יַהֲרוֹסJb 12:14 ; sf. יֶ ֶה ְר ֶ ֑ס ָךIs 22:19 ; וַיֶּ ֶה ְר ֶס֑ ָה1 Ch
20:1 ; סנָּה ֶ יֶ ֶה ְרPr 29:4 יֶ ֶה ְרסֵםψ 28:5 ; 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. ֶתּ ֶה ְרסֶנּוּPr 14:1 ; 2 ms.
ַתּהֲרֹסEx 15:7 ; ֶאהֱרֹםJe 24:6 ; 42:10 ֶאהֱרוֹסMal 1:4 ; 3 mpl. יֶ ֶהרְסוּEx 19:21 ,
24 ; ֲרֹ֑סוּ יַה2 K 3:25 ; Imv. ֲהרָס־ψ 58:7 ; sf. ָה ְרסָהּ2 S 11:25 ; Inf. הֲרֹסJe
31:28 , ֲרוֹס הJe 1:10 Pt. act. הֹרֵסJe 45:4 ; pass. הָרוּס1 K 18:30 ;— 3. throw
down, tear down , c. acc. : altar(s) Ju 6:25 1 K 18:30 ; 19:10 , 14 ; height ( גַּב,
where idol-altar stood? cf. גַּבsub ) גבבEz 16:39 ; city (cities) Is 14:17 2 S 11:25 2
K 3:25 1 Ch 20:1 ( cf. MI 27 ) Mal 1:4 ( obj. not expr.); wall(s) Ez 13:14 ; 26:12 ;
house Pr 14:1 ( fig. of foolish woman’s action); strongholds ( ִים
) ִמ ְב ָצרLa 2:2 Mi
5:10 ; tower(s) Ez 26:4 ; fig. overthrow (i.e. ruin ) land Pr 29:4 ( opp. ִיד
;) יֲַעמobj.
men Ex 15:7 (poem in E ) Is 22:19 ( cast down Shebna from office); fig. , opp.
building up, of Yahweh’s dealings with men ψ 28:5 , cf. (without obj. ) Je 24:6 ;
42:10 ; obj. indef. ֵס אשׁר ָבּנִיתִי ֲאנִי הֹרJe 45:4 ; abs. Je 1:10 ; 31:28 La 2:17 Jb
12:14 . 4. break down, break away ִימוֹ
ְבּפ ה׳ ִשׁנֵּימוֹ ψ 58:7 break away their teeth in
their mouth! fig. , addressed to God. 5. break through , intr. , sq. אֶל־י׳ Ex 19:21 ; sq.
ַלעֲלֹת אֶל־י׳ v 24 (both J ). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נֶ ֱה ָר֑סָה Pr 24:31 ; 3 pl. נֶ ֶהרְסוּ Je
50:15 Jo 1:17 ; ְסוּ
וְנֶ ֶהרconsec. Ez 30:4 ; 38:20 ; Impf. יֵ ָהרֵס Je 31:40 ; 3 fs.
ֵתּ ָהרֵס ֑ יֵ ָהרψ 11:3 ; Pt. ַהנֶּ ֱהרָסוֹתEz 36:35 , 36 ;— be thrown or torn
Pr 11:11 ; ֵסוּן
down; stones of wall Pr 24:31 ; wall of city Je 50:15 ; cities Ez 36:35 cf. v 36 ; fig.
ruined Pr 11:11 ( opp. ָרוּם ;) תּfoundations, יְסוֹדֹתEz 30:4 ; ָשׁתוֹתψ 11:3 ;
mountains Ez 38:20 ; storehouses מּגֻרוֹת
ְ ַמJo 1:17 [ v. ;] ם׳valley E. of Jerus.
לֹא־יִנָּתֵשׁ וְלֹא־יֵ ָהרֵס Je 31:40 it shall not be plucked up nor thrown down , appar.
proverb. expression, implying destruction, removal. Pi. Impf. 2 ms. sf. ְתּהָֽ ְרסֵם Ex
23:24 ; Inf. abs. ָהרֵסEx 23:24 ; Pt. pl. sf. ְמהָֽ ְר ַסיְִךIs 49:17 ;— over-throw, tear
down ֵם ָהרֵס ְתּהָֽ ְרסEx 23:24 thou shalt utterly tear them down (JE; obj. = idols cf.
Di ); pt. destroyers , of Zion Is 49:17 ( || ך
ְִ) ַמ ֲחרִי ַבי.
† ֶ ֫הרֶס S 2041
TWOT 513a , 516a
GK 2239
n. [ m. ] overthrow, destruction , only
† [ ָה
ֲהרִיסS 2034
TWOT 516b
GK 2232
] n. f. ruin ( concr. );— ָיו
אָקִים וַ ֲהרִסֹת
Am 9:11 and its ruins (i.e. of דּוִיד
ָ ) ֻסכַּתwill I raise up ( || ) ִפּ ְרצֵיהֶן.
† [ ִיסוּת
ֲהרS 2035
TWOT 516c
GK 2233
] n. f. overthrow, destruction, ruin ;—
ֶארֶץ ֲה ִר ֻס ֵת ְךIs 49:19 the land of thine over-throw , i.e. thy ruined land ( ||
) ָחרְבֹ ַתיְִך וְשֹׁמֲמֹ ַתיְִך.
הררS 2042
TWOT 517
GK 2215
( √ of foll.; meaning dubious ) .
† ָשׁם
ֵה S 2044
GK 2244
n.pr. m. father of one (or more?) of David’s heroes 1 Ch
11:34 , but read prob. ָשׁן
ֵ ר2 S 23:32 and del. ; בני cf. Dr Sm
and v. further sub
ָשׁן
ֵ י.
ַשׁמָעוּת
ְה S 2045
TWOT 2412e
GK 2245
v. sub ( שׁמעp. 1036 a ).
ָשׁפוֹת
ְה v. אַשׁפֹּת
ְ sub שׁפת.
†[ ָהתַלS 2048
TWOT 518
GK 2252
] vb. —only Pi. deceive, mock , Impf. וַיְ ַהתֵּל
ָבּהֶם 1 K 18:27 ( secondary formation from תללHiph., q.v. ; cf. Thes Ol § 257 f. ad
fin.
Sta § 145 e
; otherwise Kö i 352 ; v. further sub ) תלל.
ו
ו, Wāw , sixth letter; in modern Heb. = numeral 6; no evidence of this usage in OT
times.
1. And , connecting both words ( v. supra ), and sentences ( Gn 1:5 ָא וגּ׳ ַחשׁ ְך ָקר
ֶ וְל
). When three, four, or more words follow, the conj. may connect them all, as Gn 7:21 ;
10:2 (6 times) 24:35 (7 times) Jos 7:24 (10 times) 2 S 17:28f. : often however it is
prefixed only to the last, as Gn 5:32 ; 10:1 Dt 18:10 etc.; occas. even it connects only
the first two, 1 K 8:47 Is 1:13 ψ 45:9 Jb 42:9 . Remarkably, however, ְ וas a mere
conj. is, a rule, not in classical Hebrew attached directly to verbs (especially in the perf.
), the construction with ְ וconsec. ( v. 2 ) being (as in Moab.) preferred: thus ֶן יָצָא וַיִּבis
said, not בנָח
ָוּ יָצָא. Exceptions in class. Heb. are ( a ) sometimes where synonyms are
coupled, as Nu 23:19 ֶר אָמַר … וְִדבּ, Dt 2:30 Ju 5:26 1 S 12:2 Is 1:2 גדּלתי
ורוממתי 2:11 ; 5:14 ; 8:8 ; 19:6 ; 29:20 ; ( b ) isolated cases, difficult to reduce to rule
(perhaps sometimes due to text. error), as Gn 28:6 ; 38:5 Jud 3:23 ; 7:13 ; 16:18 1 S
1:12 ; 3:13 ; 4:19 ; 5:7 ; 10:9 ; 17:38 , 48 ; 25:20 al. (in other passages, appar.
similar, the pf. and ְ וhas a frequent. force ( v. 2 ), as Gn 37:3 Ex 36:29f. Nu 10:17f.
21:15 , 20 1 S 2:22 ; 16:14 ; 17:34f. ( v. Dr ) 27:9 2 S 16:13 ; 17:17 , perhaps also
Gen. 15:6 ; 21:25 ; 34:5 ). In later parts of OT , prob. through Aramaic influence, that
pf. with simple ְ וoccurs more freq.: so especially in Ec., where it is all but universal (e.g.
2:11 , 12 , 13 , 15 etc.). With the impf. , the simple ְ וis not so unidiomatic, even in
class. Heb. ( cf. 3 ); v. Gen 1:9 , 26 ; 9:27 , 17:2 ; 22:17 ; 27:29 Ex 23:8 (freq.)
24:7 Nu 14:12 Dt 17:13 ; 30:12 , 13 Jos 3:13 ; 7:3 Ju 7:3 ; 13:8 Is 5:29 ; 14:10 ;
often also in Je Is 2 Jb ψ , e.g. Is 40:30 ; 41:20 ( Dr § 116 : contrast 28:13 ). Vid.
more fully Dr § 130–4 Ges § 112. 6 . Special senses:— a. it sometimes = and specially ,
Gn 3:16 1 K 11:1 many strange women, and specially the daughter of Ph. , Is 1:1
Judah and ( = and particularly ) Jerusalem, 2:1 ; 9:7 ψ 181:1 . b. and in particular (‘
und zwar ’) and that (explicative), Gn 4:4 Ju 7:22 1 S 17:40 ְקוּט וּ ַביַּל, 28:3 in
Ramah, and that in his city (unusual: text suspicious), 2 S 13:20 וְשֹׁ ֵממָהand that
desolate, Is 57:11 I have been silent ָם
וּמֵעוֹלand that from of old, Is 32:7 Je 15:13
Am 3:11 ( si vera l. ), 4:10 Zc 9:9b Mal 1:11 ψ 68:10 Pr 3:12 La 3:26 Ec 8:2
Dn 1:3 ; 8:10 ; 9:25 , 27 Ne 8:13 1 Ch 9:27 2 Ch 8:13 ; 29:27 (but ‘even’ for ו,
before לand inf. , e.g. in Is 44:28 Je 17:10 ; 19:12 , is wrong; v. Ew § 351 c , Dr §
206
). c. sometimes it introduces an idea which so exceeds or adds to what has preceded,
that it is nearly equivalent to also , 1 S 25:43 1 K 2:22 ask also the kingdom for him;
unusually Ho 8:6 כי מישׂראל והואfor of Isr. is it also , Ec 5:6 ( והבליםv. De ) 2
Ch 27:5 (but v. ). Or it may be rendered yea: so especially in the ascending
numerations 3–4 Am 1:3 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 13 ; 2:1 , 4 , 6 Pr 30:18 , 21 , 29 , 6–7 Pr
6:16 Jb 5:19 , 7–8 Mi 5:4 —the first number being aggravated, or augmented, by a
higher. In one idiom וּגְבוּל, occurring in geogr. descriptions, it is used peculiarly,
seemingly = at the same time: † Nu 34:6 and as for the W. border, וְ ָהיָה ָלכֶם ַהיָּם
ַהגָּדוֹל וּגְבוּלthe great sea shalll be to you also (Germ. ‘ zugleich ’) a border, Dt 3:16
תּוֹ ְך ַהנַּחַל וּגְבוּלthe middle of the stream being at the same time the border, v 17 Jos
13:23 , 27 ; 15:12 , 27 (but these, except Nu 34:6 , might be cases of 5 c γ ). d. it
connects altermnative cases, so that it = or: Ex 20:10 , 17 ; 21:16 he that stealeth a
man ביָדוְֹ וּ ְמכָרוֹ וְנִ ְמצָאand selleth him, and ( = or if ) he be found in his hand, v 17
Lv 21:14 ; 22:23 , 24 Pr 29:9 ( Fl Ew RV : whether … or ) Jb 31:13 , 16 , 26 , etc.
e. it connects contrasted ideas, where in our idiom the contrast would be expressed
explicitly by but; in such cases prominence is usually given to the contrasted idea by its
being placed immed. after the conj. : Gn 2:17 but of the tree of the knowledge … thou
shalt not eat, 4:2 , 5 ; 6:8 ; 17:21 ; 31:10 etc., 1 K 2:26 ; 10:7 ; 11:32 , 34 ; 15:14
Pr 10:1 , 2 , 3 , 4 + often; even after ( לֹאwhere ִי כּor כִּי אִםmight be expected), as
Gn 42:10 Ex 21:18 Lv 26:45 Dt 11:11 Ju 19:12 1 K 3:11 . f. it introduces a
contrasted idea in such a way as to suggest a question , especially before a pron., Ju
14:16 I told it not to my father or my mother, ך אַגִּיד ְ וְָלand shall I tell it unto thee? 2 S
11:11 Je 25:29 וְאַתֶּם ִהנָּקֵה ִתנָּקוּand shall ye be guiltless? 45:5 Ez 20:31 ; 33:25b
Jon 4:11 . So the ְ וconsec. and pf. (see 2 a ), Ex 5:5 ֶם ִשׁ ַבּתּ
ְ וְהand will ye make them
rest from their burdens? Nu 16:10 ֶם ַשׁתּ
ְ וּ ִבקּand seek ye the priesthood also? 1 S 25:11
Is 66:9 ψ 50:21 and shall I keep silence? Jb 32:16 ( cf. Dr § 119 γ ). g. attaching a
fresh subj. (or obj. ) to a clause already grammatically complete, it = and also , Gn
2:9b Nu 16:2 , 18 and they stood at the entrance of the tent of meeting, ומשׁה ואהרן
geogr. geography
and Moses and Aaron (stood also), v 27 Ex 35:22 Ju 6:5 ; Gn 1:16b ; 12:17 ; 44:2 ;
46:15 Ex 29:3 Je 32:29 ( cf. Dr Sm i. 6, 11, & p. 293 ): when the idea thus attached is
subordinate, or not logically embraced in the principal pred., it approximates to the
Arabic or ‘waw of association’ (foll. by an accus. : W AG ii. § 37 ), Est 4:16 אנִיֲ
וְנַעֲרֹתַי אָצוּםI will fast (sing.) and ( = with) my maidens, Ex 21:4 1 S 25:42 ;
29:10b (but insert here ָה אַתּwith ) 2 S 12:30 (but read ָהּ וּב, as 1 Ch 20:2 ) 20:10
Ne 6:12 ; Gn 4:20 Is 13:9 ; 42:5 Je 19:1 (but read תּ֫ מזקני ָ וְָל ַק ְחwith ) 2 Ch 2:3
; 13:11 ; cf. Je 22:7 ( ָיו ) אִישׁ וְֵכל, Jb 41:12 . Whether Is 48:16 וְרוּחוֹbelongd here,
is dub. h. ְ וrepeated = both … and (but גַּם … גַּםis more usual in this sense); Gn
34:28 Nu 9:14 Jos 9:23 2 S 5:8 (text dub. ), Is 16:5 ; 38:15 ; Je 13:14 ; 21:6 ;
32:14 (text dub. ) v 20 ; 40:8 ψ 76:7 Jb 34:29 Dn 8:13 Ne 12:28 . i. a repetition
of the same word with ְ וinterposed expresses ( a ) diversity (rare), Dt 25:13 ֶן
ֶאבֶן וָ ֶאבa
weight and a weight, i.e. different weights (explained by טנָּה
ַ וּ ְק ) גְּדֹלָה, v 14 Pr
20:23 ; ψ 12:3 ְבּלֵב וָלֵבwith a heart and a heart = with a double heart, 1 Ch 12:33
( ; בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵבb ) distribution (except in דֹּר וָדֹרDt 32:7 Is 13:20 + often
exclusively a late usage: cf. Dr Intr. 505 ) † ψ 87:5 1 Ch 26:13 ַר׃ ָשׁׁע
ָ ְשׁעַר ו ַ = לfor
every gate, 28:14 ( ×2 )
2 Ch 8:14 ; 34:13 ; 35:15 Ezr 10:14 ִיר זִ ְקנֵי עִיר וָעelders of
every city, Ne 13:24 , Est 1:8 , 22 ( ×2 ) ; 2:12 ; 3:4 , 12 ( ×4 ) ; 8:9 ( ×2 ) ; strengthened
by ָל־ כּ2 Ch 11:12 בכל עיר ועירin every several city , 19:5 ; 28:25 ; 31:19 ; 32:28
Est 2:11 בכל־יום ויום, 3:14 ; 4:3 ; 8:11 , 13 , 17 ( ×2 )
; 9:21 , 27 , 28 ψ 45:18 ;
145:13 (common in postB Heb. , especially with ) כל. j. it is used in the formulation of
proverbs (the Vav adaequationis , תּוָּאָה ַ ִשׁ
ְ ) וָו הas Pr 17:3 ; 25:3 , 20 , 25 cold waters
to a thirsty soul and good news from a far country (i.e. they are like each other), 26:3 , 9
, 14 , 20 ; 27:21 Ec 5:2 ; 7:1 ; 8:8 cf. 9:11 ; ψ 19:5 ; 125:2 Jb 14:11f. , 19 ( cf.
in Arabic ‘every man and his cares [ accus. ],’ ‘every thing and its price,’ i.e. they go
together: ‘merchants and dogs [ accus. ] of Seleucia,’ i.e. they are like one another: v.
Fl Kl.Schr. iii. 535 f. ). More rarely in the opp. order, Jb 5:7 ; 12:11 ; 21:33 . But 1 S
12:15b cannot be thus explained: read with וּ ְב ַמ ְל ְכּכֶם, and v. Dr k. in
circumstantial clauses ְ וintroduces a statement of the concomitant conditions under
which the action denoted by the pricipal verb takes place: in such cases, the relation
expressed by ְ וmust often in Engl. be stated explicitly be a conj. , as when, since, seeing,
though , etc., as occasion may require. So very often, as Gn 11:4 let us build a tower
ַשּׁ ַמיִם
ָ וְרֹאשׁוֹ בand its top in the heavens ( = with its top in etc.), 18:12 shall I have
pleasure, ִן
וַאדֹנִי זָקand my lord is old ( = my lord being old)? Ju 16:15 How sayest
thou, I love thee, ִי
ִאתּ וְִל ְבּ ָך אֵיןand ( = when ) they heart is not with me? and especially
with a pers. pron., Gn 15:2 what wilt thou give me ִי הֹ ֵל ְך ֲערִירִי וְאָנֹכּand I ( = the
case being that I) am going hence childless? 18:13 ; 20:3 lo, thou wilt die because of
the woman thou hast taken ַל׃ = וְהִוא ְבּ ֻעלַת בָּֽעseeing she is married, 24:62 וְהוּא
ישׁב
ֵ = since or for he was dwelling (different from ֵשׁב
ֶ = וַיּand he proceeded to
dwell), 26:27 ֶם וְאַתּseeing ye hate me, Ju 13:9 and came to her ישׁבֶת
ֶ = וְהִיאas she
was sitting, 1 S 18:23 1 K 19:19 + often Of a more except. type are ψ 72:12 the
afflicted ֵין־עֹזֵר
לוֹ וְאand ( = when ) he has no helper ( cf. Jb 29:12 ), 104:25 וְאֵין
ִמ ְספָּר,105:34 Jb 5:9 . Vid. more fully Dr § 156–60 Ges § 141, R 2 . (The analogous use
of the is very common in Arabic: W ii. § 183 .) Introducing an appeal to a fact
confirmatory of some statement or promise, it almost = as truly as ( cf. Ew § 340 c ) Ho
12:6 and J . is God of hosts, J . is his name! Jo 4:21 Am 9:5–6 Is 51:15 and I [who
promise this] am J . thy God, who …! Je 29:23 ψ 89:38b ( comp. in Qor the freq.
‘And God is … [the mighty, the merciful, etc.]’).
2. The וconsecutive (formerly called the Waw ‘conversive’);— a. with the impf. ( ַוּ
with foll. daghesh; before א, ָ) ו, as ֶר
וַיֹּאמproposes = and he proceeded to say, chiefly
in contin. of a preceding perfect tense (so Moab.); b. with the perf. ( ְ ו,—in 1 & 2 sg. ,
the tone, with certain exceptions [ v. Dr § 110 ], being thrown forward to the ultima), as
ָֽ֫שׁ ְב ָתּ
ַ וְיproposes so [ viz. as limited by a verb, or other term, preceding] hadst thou sat ,
chiefly in continuation of a preceding imperfect tense, in its various senses of future,
jussive, or frequentative. The further analysis of these idioms belongs to the grammar;
see on a Dr Ch. vi. , Ges § 111 , and on b Dr Ch. viii. Ges § 112 . Here it must suffice to
note—( a ) וconsec. (especially with the impf. ) freq. couples two verbs in such a
manner that the first, indicating the general character of the action, receives its closer
definition in the second: in such cases, the first may often be represented in Engl. by an
adv. , as Gn 26:18 ְפֹּר ָשׁב וַיּחָ וַיּand he turned and dug = and he dug again; so often;
and similarly with ִיף
הוֹסGn 25:1 , ִמהַר24:18 , הוֹאִילJos 7:7 , etc.; more
exceptionally, Gn 30:27 Est 8:6 , and (not consec. ) Gn 47:6 Jb 23:3 Ct 2:3 La
3:26 ( v. Ges § 120, 2 α ; cf. in Syriac Nö § 335–6 . In Arabic the stronger form of the
conj. here corresponds: W ii. § 140 ). ( b ) ַ וּwith the impf. sometimes expresses a
contrast = and yet , Gn 32:31 I have seen God face to face ֵע וַ ִתּנָּצand yet my soul is
delivered, Dt 4:33 2 S 3:8 ; 19:29 Is 51:12 ψ 73:14 ; 144:3 Jb 10:8 + ( cf. Dr § 74
β
). ( c there is a tendency in the later books of the OT to use the pf. with simple ְ ו,
where the classical language would employ the impf. with ַ ( וּcf. supr. 1 ); so
especially in Ec, where ַ וּoccurs thrice only, 1:17 ;, 4:1 , 7 . ( d ) a double pf. wth ו
consec. is sometimes used, informally but neatly, with a hypoth. force; thus ( α ) in past
or present time Ex 16:21 ָֽס׃ ַשּׁמֶשׁ וְנָמ
ֶ וְחַם הand the sun used to be warm, and it used
to melt = and if (or when ) the sun was warm, it melted, 33:10 1 K 18:10 Je 18:4 , 8
ְֹשׁב וְנִ ַח ְמ ִתּ֫י
ָ = וand if it turns, I repent, 20:9 ( v. RV ); ( β ) in fut. time, Gn 44:22
ועזב אביו ומתand he will leave his father, and he will die
= and if he leaves his father,
he will die, 33:13 ; 42:38 Ex 4:14 ; 12:13 1 S 16:2 ; 19:3 Ez 33:3 ; 39:15 etc. ( Dr
§ 147–9
, Ges § 159. 2 e ).
3. With a voluntative (cohort. or juss. ) ְ וexpresses an intention, that or so that (an
elegancy by which the too frequent use of ַן
ְל ַמעor ַבּעֲבוּרis avoided): Ex 10:17 entreat
God, ֵר
וְיָסso may he remove ( = that he may remove) this death, Gn 27:4 and bring it
וְאֹכ֑לso let me eat ( = that I may eat); and without the modal form being
me ָה
externally indicated, Ex 14:1 speak … ָשׁבוּ
ֻ וְיthat they return, v 15 ; and often
Sometimes even of past time, as 1 K 13:33 whom he would, he consecrated ִי וִיהthat
there might be priests of the high places, 2 K 19:25 Is 25:9a La 1:19 . After a neg., ψ
51:18 thou desirest not sacrifice, תּ֑נָה
ֵ וְ ֶאso [ = in that case] would I give it (or, that I
might give it), 55:13 ֶשּׂא ָ וְאso could I bear it (or, that I might bear it), Is 53:2 RVm
Nu 23:19 Je 5:28 RV Sometimes also before an imv. , Gn 12:2 and be ( = that thou
mayest be) a blessing, 2 S 21:3 + . See more fully Dr § 59–65 , Ges § 108. 2; 109. 2; 110. 2 .
(In Arabic with the subjunctive is used similarly: W ii. § 15 d .) A volunt. is also sometimes
attached by ְ וto a preceding volunt. or imv. , so as to form a virtually hypothetical
sentence, as Gn 42:18 ְיוּ = זֹאת עֲשׂוּ וִחif you do this, you shall live, 30:28 ; 34:12
Pr 3:9f. 4:4 , 8 Is 55:2 : v. Dr § 152 .
5. וintroduces the predicate or apodosis: viz. a. ְ וconsec. and the pf. —in answer to
Ex 19:5 ; 23:22 if thou hearkenest to my voice, תּ֫י
אִםor כִּיconstantly, as ִ וְ ֽאָיַ ְבthen am
§ 136–8
I ( = I will be) enemy to thy enemies ( v. Dr ); after the casus pendens , Ex
12:44 every servant that is bought for money, ָה
וּ ַמ ְלתּthou shalt circumcise him, etc. Nu
14:31 ; 24:24 1 S 25:27 2 S 14:10 he that spake unto thee, ַי וַ ֲהבֵאתוֹ ֵאלso hast thou
brought him ( = thou shalt bring him) unto me, Is 9:4 ; 56:6f. + ; Ex 12:15 ; 31:14
Dt 17:12 + ; after various time-determinations, as Gn 3:5 in the day of your eating from
it ְחוּ
וְנִ ְפקthen shall your eyes be opened, Ex 16:6 ֶערֶב וִי ַד ְעתֶּםat even, then shall ye
know, v 7 ; 32:34 2 S 15:10 1 K 13:31 בְּמוֹתִי וּ ְק ַב ְרתֶּם אֹתִיwhen I die, so ye
shall bury me, etc., + often; after conjs. , as ִי כּGn 29:15 , יַעַן1 K 20:28 Is 3:16f. ,
ַתּחַת60:15 , etc., ( v. Dr § 123
). b. ַ וּconsec. and the impf. (but much less frequently
than the pf. ), as Gn 30:30 the little that thou hadst, ְרֹץ וַיִּפit hath increased, Ex 9:21
2 S 4:10 1 K 9:20f. 15:13 + ; after time-determinations, Gn 22:4 on the third day
ִשּׂא
ָ וַיּthen Abraham lifted up his eyes, 19:15 ; 27:34 ; 37:18 1 S 6:6 ; 12:8 Is 6:1
Ho 11:1 when Isr. was a child, ֵהוּ וָאֹ ֲהבthen I loved him, + ; occas. after conjs. , as
ֲשׁר
ֶ ַכּאEx 16:34 , יַעַן1 S 15:23 , ְל ַמעַןIs 45:4 , אִםψ 59:16 ( Dr § 127 ). c. in other
cases (not ‘consecutive’)—all more or less uncommon: viz. α . ְ וclosely joined to the
impf. Gn 13:9 if to the left, ִינָה וְאֵימthen I will take the right ( cf. 2 S 12:8 ) Ex 12:3
on the 10th of the month ְחוּ וְיִקthen let them take, Nu 16:5 Is 43:4 Ho 4:6 ; 10:10 ψ
69:33 Jb 15:17 ; 2 S 22:41 Pr 23:24 Kt ( Dr § 125 ); β . separated from the vb. , Ex
8:22 Lv 7:16 ָת וְהַנּוֹתָר יֵאָכֵל וּ ִמ ָמּ ֳחרand on the morrow, then the remainder shall be
eaten, Jos 3:3 1 K 8:32 Is 8:7 48:7 Jb 14:7 ; 20:18b ; 23:12 ; 25:5 ; 32:14 + ; γ .
without a vb. , Gn 40:9 הנֵּה ִ ְ ַבּחֲלֹמִי וin my dream, behold , a vine was before me, v
16 2 S 23:3f. Pr 10:25 , and the extreme cases 2 S 15:34 thy father’s slave, ֵאָז
מ וַ ֲאנִיI
was that of old,—but now ך
ָ ַע ְבּ ְדּ וַ ֲאנִיwell , I will be thine, Is 34:12 ( si vera l. ), Jb
4:6b ִתּ ְקוָֽ ְתּ ָך וְתֹם ְדּ ָרבֶי ָךthy confidence— it is the uprightness of thy ways, 36:26
ִמ ְספַּר ָשׁנָיו וְלֹא ֵחקֶרGes seine Jahre, da ist kein Zählen ( cf. Dr § 124–5, 128–9 ).—
i. § 366 b , 367 c ; ii. § 187 § 185 end
With 4, 5 comp. the Arabic , W ; Dr .
† ָן
וְדS 2051 GK 2258 , appar. n.pr.loc. , only in וְדָן וְיָוָןEz 27:19 Wedān and
Yāwān ( cf. VB and reff.) but identif. wholly dub. ; = Waddân near Medina
according to Glas Skizze ii. 428 : om.; text prob. corrupt, cf. Sta Javan. 11. ff. Da al.
; Ew Hi read דּדָן
ְ , but ְדּדָןis in following v. , and anticipation improb., cf. Sta
l.c.
; Co reads (for ויון
וְאַ ְרנָבָן ) ודן, on the basis of Bab. & Assyrian Aranabanim,
Arnabani , n.pr.loc. , following Ḫilbunim ( ְבּוֹן ) ֶחלin lists of places whence wine
was brought ( cf. ְבּוֹן יֵין ֶחלv 18 , & καὶ οἰ̂νον for ; ויוןalso COT Ez 27:18 ).
† [ וָוS 2053
TWOT 520
GK 2260
] n. [ m. ] hook, pin or peg ( etym. unknown )
— pl. abs. וָוִיםEx 38:28 ; cstr. וָוֵיEx 27:10 + 5 times; ֶם וָוֵיהEx 26:32 + 5
times;—only P , in description of tabernacle Ex 26:32 , 37 ; 27:10 , 11 , 17 ;
36:36 , 38 ; 38:10 , 11 , 12 , 17 , 19 , 28 , the hooks or pegs of gold and silver,
fastened on, or in, the posts of the tabernacle, to support the various hangings
(curtains, screens, etc.)
וזרS 2054
TWOT 521
GK 2261
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic bear a burden , or be guilty ,
yet v. Fl in De Pr 21:8 ).
† וָזָרS 2054 TWOT 521 , 521a GK 2261 adj. criminal, guilty ך ְ אִישׁ וָזָר֑ ֲה ַפ ְכ ַפּ ְך ֶדּ ֶר
Pr 21:8 crooked is the way of a guilty man ( si vera l. ; text dub. ; possible dittogr. in
)? ?וָזָר וְזַ ְך.
† ַשׁנִי
ְ וS 2059 GK 2266
according to MT appar. n.pr. m. son of Samuel, only
ַשׁנִי וַ ֲא ִביָּה
ְ ַהבְּכֹר ו 1 Ch 6:13 , but read אביה ַשּׁנִי
ֵ ַהבְּכֹר יוֹאֵל וְה cf. L , and
Sm
|| 1 S 8:2 ; v. Th Be Ch Dr Sm al.
† ַשׁתִּי
ְ וS 2060 GK 2267
n.pr. f. ( = Pers. (Zend) vahista , best , cf. Justi Hdb. d.
Zendsprache , 272
) queen of Ahasuerus (Xerxes) king of Persia, Est 1:9 , 11 , 12 , 15 ,
16 , 17 , 19 ; 2:1 , 4 , 17 .
ז
ז, Zâyin , seventh letter; used as numeral 7 in modern Heb. ; no evidence of this usage
in OT times.
זאבS 2061
TWOT 522
GK 2269 ( √ of foll.; according to Fl Bericht d. sächs. G. d. W. i. (1846–
47) 430 f. = Kleinere Schriften iii. 212 f.
i.q. Arabic drive away, and despise, drive or frighten away ,
whence , , ֵב זְאwolf, as driven or chased away; cf. Hom NS 304 MV al. )
† I. ֵב זְאS 2061 , 2062 TWOT 522 , 522a GK 2269 , 2270 n. m. Is 11:6 wolf ( NH id. ,
Arabic ( jackal according to Hom NS 303 ff. ; but see RS ZMG 1880, 373 and Doughty
Arab. Deserta i. 327; ii, 144, 145
) Aramaic ָה
דֵּיב, , Assyrian zîbu Dl S 47 ; Ethiopic hyena Di
1056
(on format. cf. Lag BN 58
זְ ֵאב — ) זיבקםabs. Gn 49:27
); Ph. in cpd. n.pr.
+ 2 times; cstr. Je 5:6 ; pl. ִים זְ ֵאבEz 22:27 ; cstr. זְ ֵאבֵיHb 1:8 Zp 3:3 ;— wolf
, never in narrative; in predictions of peace in Messian. age ֶשׂ וְגָר זְאֵב עִם ֶכּבIs
11:6 ָד זְאֵב וְ ָטלֶה יִרְעוּ ְכּ ֶאחIs 65:25 ; in simile, of Benjamin’s fierceness ב׳ זְאֵב
יִ ְט ָ ֑רףGn 49:27 ; of fierce horses of Chaldeans חַדּוּ ִמזְּ ֵאבֵי ֶערֶבHb 1:8 ( || קַלּוּ
;) ִמנְּ ֵמרִיםof princes of Judah טֹ ְרפֵי ָט֑רֶף ִכּזְ ֵאבִיםEz 22:27 ; metaph. of enemies
of Judah Je 5:6 ָבוֹת אַ ְריֵה || ( זְאֵב ֲער, ;) נָמֵרof corrupt and oppressive judges
שֹׁ ְפטֶי ָה זְ ֵאבֵי ֶערֶבZp 3:3 ( || ) ֲארָיוֹת שֹׁ ֲאגִים.
זֹאת S 2063
TWOT 528
GK 2271
pron. f. v. זֶה.
זבבTWOT 523
( √ of foll.;
cf. Arabic go hither and thither (of a man); make to
dangle , or move to and fro , of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps
denom. )
† זְבוּבS 2070 TWOT 523a GK 2279 n. m. Ec 10:1 fly ( as moving to and fro in
the air? cf. Fl NHWB i. 438 b ; NH id. , Assyrian zumbu , Dl S 63 f. ; Arabic ,
Aramaic ָא דִּי ָבב, ) ;—lit. only זְבוּבֵי ָמוֶתEc 10:1 i.e. dead flies; so AV RV Hi
†[ זָבַדS 2064
TWOT 524
GK 2272
] vb. bestow upon, endow with ( Arabic ;
Aramaic ַד
זְב, † Gn 30:20 , dowry; in Sab. n.pr. , v. sub זָבָדinfr. ; also in Palm.
n.pr. נבוזבד Vog 73
and many others ( זבד, זבדא, זבידא, זבדעתא, = זבדבל
Ζαβδιβηλος , etc.) : see Euting Sechs Inschr. aus Idalien p. 15 ) , ֶד טוֹב
זְ ָב ַדנִי אלהים אֹתִי זֶבGn
30:20a ( E ), appar. in expl. of name Zebulun, cf. Thes Di ; another expl. in v b, v.
sub זבל.
† זבידה Kt , ָה
זְבוּדּS 2072
GK 2281
Qr , n.pr. f. mother of Jehoiakim 2 K
23:36 || ( ; זְביּ ָדּ֯ה בַת־פּ ָדיָה מִן־רוּמָה 2 Ch 36:5 om. MT ); quite otherwise B
Ιελλα , daughter of Εδειλ ; in A the names are Εἰελδαφ & Εἰεδδιλα ; 2 Ch
36:5 Ζε(κ)χωρα & Νηρειου ; L ( K & Ch) Αμιταλ & Ιερεμιου (confusion
with Zedekiah’s mother 24:18 ).
& reff.
; perhaps my gift, gift to me: cf. ; זַ ְבדִּיאֵלin NH n.pr. זַ ְבדִּי ( זבדיor )? זַ ְבדַּי
NT Ζεβεδαι̂ος , e.g. Mk 1:9 , S , Zebedee ) — 1. grandfather of Achan, of Judah (
Ζαμβρ(ε)ι etc., L Ζαβδ(ε)ι ) Jos 7:1 (app. = ִי זִ ְמר1 Ch 2:6 ,
Ζαμβρ(ε)ι ) v 17 , 18 . 2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:19 . 3. an officer of David 1 Ch
27:27 . 4. a Levite Ne 11:17 (om. B ; A Ζεχρι , L Ζεχρει ) prob. read ִי
זִ ְכר,
as || 1 Ch 9:15 .
זָבַחS 2076
TWOT 525
GK 2284
134 vb. slaughter for sacrifice ( NH id. , Ph. ; זבח
Assyrian zibû Dl Pr 174
cf. Lotz TP 174
דֿבחCIS iv. 1, 2, No. ; 74 l. 11, 12 ;
; Arabic , Sab.
Aramaic ַח ְדּב, , Ethiopic ) Qal 112 Pf. ז׳1 K 8:63 ; 13:2 , זָ ַב ְח ָתּEx 20:24 + 3 times,
זָ ַב ְחתִּיEz 39:19 , זָֽבְחוEx 34:15 Lv 17:5 , זְ ַב ְחתֶּםEx 8:24 , זָ ַבחְנוּEx 8:23 ; Impf.
וַיִזְבַּחGn 31:54 + 14 times; 2 ms. sf. ִתּזְ ָבּחֶנּוּDt 15:21 , 2 fs. sf. וַ ִתּזְ ָבּחִיםEz
16:20 , 1 s. ַח ֶאזְבּψ 116:17 , ֶאזְ ְבּחָהψ 27:6 ; 54:8 Jon 2:10 ; 2 mpl. ִתּזְבְּהוּLv
19:5 + 2 times, בּ֑חוּ ָ ְ ִתּזLv 22:29 + 2 times; 1 pl. נִבזְ ְבּחָהEx 3:18 + , etc. (61 times
Impf. ); Imv. ַח זְבψ 50:14 , זִבְחוּEx 8:21 ψ 4:6 ; Inf. cstr. זְבֹ ַח1 S 15:15 + 14
times, ח ַ ִלזְבּוֹ2 Ch 11:16 , ְבּזָבְחוֹ2 S 15:12 ; Pt. act. זֹ ֵב ַחEx 13:15 + 8 times, זוֹ ֵב ַח
Is 66:3 , pl. ִים זֹ ְבחLv 17:5 + (20 times Pt. )— I. slaughter for sacrifice 8. c. acc.
of a. kind of sacrifice ַח ז׳ זֶבGn 31:54 + , † ֶפּכַחDt 16:2 , 5 , 6 , † ְשׁ ָלמְיםDt 27:7
Jos 8:31 , † תּוֹדָהψ 50:14 , 23 , † ושׁלמים עֹלוֹתEx 20:24 ( E ); cf. 23:18 . b.
victims , ( α ) animals † ָר וָצֹאן ָבּק1 K 8:63 Nu 22:40 , † צאן ובקר2 Ch 18:2 , †
ַה ְבּרִיאָהEz 34:3 , † כָּל־ ֶפּטֶר ֶרחֶםEx 13:15 ( J ); † ָפּרִים וְאֵילִים1 Ch 15:26 , שׁוֹר
ָשׂהֶ וDt 17:1 ; ( β ) mankind † ָבּנִים וּבָנוֹתψ 106:37 Ez 16:20 , † זֹ ְבחֵי אָדָם
sacrificers of mankind Ho 13:2 (so Ra AE Hi Wü MV men that sacrifice AV
RV after Ki , so Pu Ew Ke Now Che SS ). c. † ריִם
ַ תּוֹ ֲעבַת ִמ ְצEx 8:22 ( ×2 ) ( E
), † ָשׁחָת
ְ מMal 1:14 . 9. absolute 1 S 1:3 + often 10. c. ְלof deity, † ְלדָגוֹןJu 16:23
, † ִםַשּׂעִיר
ְ לLv 17:7 ( H ), † ַשּׁדִים
ֵ לDt 32:17 ψ 106:37 ; other gods Ex 34:15 (JE)
+ ; but usually ליהוהEx 3:18 + 9 times JE, Lv 17:5 ; 19:5 ; 22:5 (all H , not
elsewhere in P ), Dt 15:21 ; 16:2 ; 17:1 ; 1 S 1:3 + ; † ֵי אָבִיו לֵאלֹהGn 46:1 ( E ),
לאלהיםψ 50:14 , † לאדניMal 1:14 . 11. with local prep. ְבּGn 31:54 ( E ) + , עַל
Ex 20:24 ( E ) + ; לפניLv 9:4 ( P ) + , על פני השׂדהLv 17:5 ( H ). II. slaughter for
eating (connected also with sacrifice, as all eating of flesh among ancient Hebrews was
sacrificial, RS Sem 219 ) 1 S 28:24 (fat calf for Saul), Ez 34:3 (fat sheep for shepherds),
2 Ch 18:2 (sheep and oxen for Jehoshaphat, c. ל ְ of person); cf. Dt 12:15 ; v 21 (
abs. ), 1 K 19:21 . III. slaughter in divine judgment Ez 39:17–19 c. acc. ִי
( זִ ְבחGog
and Magog as feast for vultures), 1 K 13:2 2 K 23:20 (priests of high-places on their
own altars).
Ra Rashi.
Wü A. Wünsche .
older literature it is distinguished from ָה
ִמנְחand עֹלָה, in the later literature from
ַחטָּאתand אָשׁם
ָ . † I. general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts: Ph. זבחof an
offering of bread and oil CIS i. 165. 12; 167. 8 , cf. RS Sem 205 (2nd ed. 222) — 1. of the God
of Israel Gn 46:1 Ex 10:25 ; 18:12 ( E ) Ho 3:4 ; 6:6 ; 9:4 Am 5:25 Is 1:11 ;
19:21 Dt 12:27 ; 18:3 1 S 2:13 , 29 ; 3:14 ; 6:15 ; 9:12 , 13 ; 15:22 ( ×2 ) ; 16:3 ,
5 ( ×2 ) 2 S 15:12 1 K 8:62 ; 12:27 2 K 5:17 ; 16:15 ψ 40:7 ; 50:8 ; 51:18 , 19
Pr 15:8 ; 21:3 , 27 Is 43:23 , 24 ; 56:7 Je 6:20 ; 7:21 , 22 ; 17:26 ; 33:18 Ez
40:42 ; 44:11 1 Ch 29:21 , 21 2 Ch 7:1 , 4 , 5 , 12 Ne 12:43 Dn 9:27 Ec 4:17
. They should be ֶק זִ ְבחֵי ֶצדsacrifices of righteousness (offered in righteousness by
the righteous) Dt 33:19 ψ 4:6 ; 51:21 ; ַי
ַה ְב ָהב זִ ְבהֵיsacrifices of gifts to me ( ) י׳
Ho 8:13 ; the temple is ב֑ח
ַ ָ בֵּית ז2 Ch 7:12 ; they should not be ז׳ רִיבsacrifices of
strife , where strife prevails Pr 17:1 . 2. of other deities Ex 34:15 Nu 25:2 Dt
32:38 (JE) Ju 16:23 2 K 10:19 , 24 Ho 4:19 Is 57:7 Ez 20:28 ; these are ֵי זִ ְבח
ֵמתִיםsacrifices to dead things (lifeless gods, opp. to י׳as living) ψ 106:28 . II.
there are several kinds of ִים זְ ָבחwhich are gradually distinguished: † 1. the
covenant sacrifice , between Jacob and Laban Gn 31:54 ( E ), with God ψ 50:5 ( cf.
Ex 24:5 1 S 11:5 ). † 2. the passover ַג ַה ֶפּסַח זֶבַח חEx 34:25 (JE), זבח פסחEx
12:27 ( J ); and prob. also זבחיEx 23:18 (JE) = 34:25 ( id. ) † 3. annual
sacrifice ִים
ַהיָּמ זֶבַח 1 S 1:21 ; 2:19 ; 20:6 , cf. ִשׁ ָפּחָה
ְ ז׳ מsacrifice of the clan 1S
20:29 . † 4. thank offering ה)תּוֹדָה
ַ( ז׳ Lv 7:12 ; 22:29 ψ 107:22 ; 116:17 , which
is given as ָנוֹ
ָק ְרבּ ז׳, זִבְחוֹ, ַהזָּבַחLv 7:16 , 17 ; and as a variety of ְשׁ ָלמִיםLv
7:13 , 15 ; it is implied in ָה זִ ְבחֵי תְרוּעψ 27:6 ; yet זֶבַחis generic with תּוֹדָה2 Ch
29:31 ( ×2 )
. 5. in ritual of H & P זבחיםare defined by ( שׁלמיםq.v. ) Lv 3:1 +
39 times Lv Nu, 1 S 10:8 1 K 8:63 2 Ch 30:22 ; 33:16 Pr 7:14 , but sometimes
(rarely) ז׳alone is used in this sense, with or without suffix, where the meaning is
plain from the context: Lv 17:5 , 7 , 8 ; 19:6 ; 23:37 ( H ) Nu 15:3 , 5 , 8 Jos
22:26 , 29 (all P ). These ritual offerings are of three varieties תּוֹדָה, נֶדֶרand ָה
נְ ָדב
Lv 7:12 , 16 ( P ); in the several lists זבחיםare distinguished from תודותAm 4:4f.
2 Ch 29:31 , from נדריםNu 15:8 ( P ) Dt 12:6 , 11 Jon 1:16 , from נדבותAm
4:4 f. Dt 12:6 and from the more comprehensive שׁלמיםNu 15:8 Jos 22:27 ( P ).
So also the sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb Ex 24:5 (JE) and the
sacrifice at the installation of Saul 1 S 11:15 are defined as † זבחים שׁלמים. Thus
ז׳seems not only to be used for all these special forms but also to include other festal
sacrifices not defined in the codes of law. The ritual was the same for the entire class.
They were all sacrifices for feasts in which the flesh of the victim was eaten by the
offerers, except so far as the officiating priests had certain choice pieces and the
blood and fat pieces went to the altar for God. The sacrifice at the institution of the
covenant at Horeb, the Passover victim, and the ram of consecration, were special, in
that there was an application of a portion of the blood to the persons and things which
were to be consecrated, Ex 12:22 ; 24:8 Lv 8:23 . † 6. the slaughter of hostile
nations is also a ַח זֶבoffered by God Himself, in which the vultures devour the flesh
of the victims Is 34:6 Je 46:10 Ez 39:17 ( ×2 ) , 19 Zp 1:7 , 8 . 7. the verb used
with ַח זֶבis ordinarily זָבַחbut others also are found e.g. † ָשׂה
ָ עNu 6:17 ; 15:3 , 5
, 8 Jos 22:23 ( P ) 1 K 12:27 ; 2 K 5:17 ; 10:24 Je 33:18 ( cf. Sab. עסי דֿבח
Hal 148 DHM ZMG 1888, 374 ); † ִיא ֵהבAm 4:4 Dt 12:6 , 11 Je 17:26 , † ִהגִּישׁ
Am 5:25 , † ִיב ִה ְקרLv 7:11 , 16 ; 22:21 (all P ), † ָעבַדIs 19:21 , † נָתַןEc
4:17 , ַח יֲַעלָה עֹלָה אוֹ זֶבLv 17:8 ( H ), ִשּׁל ז׳
ֵ בּEz 46:24 , ָשׁחַט אֶת־הָעוֹלָה
וְ ַהזָּ ַב֑חEz 40:42 cf. 44:11 .
†[ זָבַלS
Gloss.
2082
TWOT 526 GK 2290 ] vb. prob. exalt, honour ( Assyrian zabâlu
COT and id. on Gn 30:20 1 K 8:13 , cf. Dl Pr 62 f. so De ; Ph. n.pr. f.
( בעלאזבלprob. = Baal has exalted ) cf. אִיזֶבֶלp. 33 supr. ; cf. Arabic take up and
carry; > Nö ZMG 1886, 729 , who connects these vbs. with Syriac bear, carry , cf. Heb.
— ) ָסבַלQal Impf. ִישׁי ִ יִזְ ְבּ ֵלנִי אGn 30:20b ( J ), my husband will honour me (in expl.
of name Zebulun ( v. infr. ); on another appar. expl. in v a cf. > ;) זבדAV al. dwell
with me , cf. Thes RobGes who derive dwell with from an assumed meaning be round
( cf. ;) דורand others ( cf. MV 8 9
), who derive dwell as denom. from ֻל
זְבin sense
dwelling .
† I. ֻל
זְבS 2073 , 2083
TWOT 526a
GK 2291 , 2292
n. [ m. ] elevation, height, lofty
abode ( NH זְבוּלtemple ) ;— בָּנוֹ ָבּנִיתִי בֵּית זְבֻל ָל֑ ְך 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2
(poet.; prob. from book of Jashar, cf. We Comp 271
Dr Intr. 182
; on ֻל
= בֵּית־זְב
Assyrian bît zabal , lofty house cf. COT 1 K 8:13 Dl ְלבַלּוֹת ְשׁאוֹל ִמזְּבֻל
Pr 62 f.
);
לוֹψ 49:15 text dub. ; Ew Hi Ri Now read ( ַמזְבּוּלor ִמזְבּוֹל, Ew ) as n. =
dwelling; Che prop. for ֻל ִמזְּב, [לְעוֹ ָל]ם ז׳Che crit. n. ; ְשׁ ָך
ְ זְבֻל ָקדIs 63:15 ( ||
) ָשׁ ַמיִםthe high abode of thy holiness ( cf. Che crit. n. ); of the lofty abode of sun
and moon: ָה ֶשׁמֶשׁ יָ ֵר ַח ָעמַד זְ ֻ ֑בלHb 3:11 .
† II. ֻל
זְבS 2073 , 2083 TWOT 526a GK 2291 , 2292
n.pr. m. an officer of Abimelech
Ju 9:28 , 30 , 36 ( ×2 ) , 38 , 41 .
† ִי
זְבוּלֹנS 2075
adj. gent. Ju 12:11 , 12 ; c. art. = n. coll. the Zebulonites
Nu 26:27 .
glass is ִית
) זְכוֹכ.
contemptuously (especially with ֵת ) א, Gn 2:23 כִּי ֵמאִישׁ ֻל ֳקּחָה־זֹאת לָזֹאת יִ ָקּרֵא
ָ א, 5:29 … זֶה יְנַ ֲחמֵנוּ, 12:12 ; 38:28 Ex 10:7 עַד ָמתַי יִ ְהיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֹקֵשׁ, 1 S
ִשּׁה
10:27 ַה יּוֹשׁיעֵנוּ זֶה מ
ִ how shall this man save us? 16:8 , 9 ; 21:16 that ye have
brought ֶת־זֶה אthis fellow to play the madman against me? 25:21 in vain have I kept
ֲשׁר ָלזֶה
ֶ אֶת־כָּל־אall that this fellow hath etc. 2 S 13:17 אֶת־זֹאת, 1 K 22:27 אֶת־זֶה,
Mi 5:4 Is 66:2 ; as a genit., Gn 29:27 , 28 1 K 21:2 ; with a collective force Lv 11:4 ,
9 ( = Dt 14:7 , 9 ), v 21 , 29 Ju 20:16 , 17 ( ָל־זֶה ) כּ, Jb 19:19 (with a plural
verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאתis most
common, as with עשׂהto do this Gn 3:14 ; 20:5 , 6 ; 45:19 and often, שׁסעו זאתAm
8:4 Is 47:8 ; 48:1 , 16 ; 51:21 al. ; Gn 41:39 Ex 17:14 Dt 32:6 Ju 7:14 ; 21:3
( ָלמָה … הָֽיְתָה זֹאתcf. Jb 1:13 ψ 118:23 ) 1 K 11:39 2 S 7:19 2 K 3:18 + ; אֵין
זֹאת 1 Sa 20:2b cf. Am 2:11 ; rarely so with ֶת־ † אJos 22:24 Je 9:11 ψ 92:7 ; as
an accus. of limit., as regards this, in this , Ez 20:27 ; 36:37 Jb 19:26 ( si vera l. ),
33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) ֵי זֹאת † אַ ֲחרJb 42:16 Ezr 9:10 , † א׳ כל־זאת2
Ch 21:18 ; 35:20 ; pointing forward to a foll. a clause, Gn 42:18 ; 43:11 Nu 8:24 ;
14:35 Is 56:2 Jb 10:13 etc.; Ex 9:16 1 S 25:31 Is 1:12 ֵשׁ זאת רְמֹס ֲח ֵצרָֽי׃ מִי ִבקּ
; ִמיְֶּדכֶםto one introduced by כִּי2 S 19:22 ψ 102:19 ; 119:50 , 56 (see also בְּזאֹת6
b β ): but זֶהalso sometimes occurs similarly Ex 13:8 Pr 24:12 Jb 15:17 Ne 2:2 Ec
1:17 ; 2:15 ( גם זה הבלso v 19 , 21 , 23 + ), 7:18 ( ×2 ) ; of a concrete obj. , Ex
30:31 2 K 4:43 ֵן זֶה ִל ְפנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ מָה ֶאתּ: in late Heb. , Ne 13:6 ְבּכָל־זֶהduring
all this, 2 Ch 32:9 ַר זֶה ; אַחpointing forwards La 5:17 f. to כִּיψ 56:10 Je 22:21 .
(See also below, 6 g. ) b. repeated זֶה … זֶה, this … that, the one … the other or (if
indefinite) another , Gn 29:27 ( ) זֹאת, Ex 14:20 ֶל זֶה וְלֹא ָקרַב זֶה א, 1 K 3:23 ;
22:20 Is 6:3 ; 44:5 (3 times), ψ 75:8 ִים ַשׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרְ זֶה י, Jb 1:16–18 ; 21:23 , 25 +
.
3. More often as pred., as 1 S 24:17 הֲקוֹ ְל ָך זֶה, 2 K 3:23 דָּם זֶהthis is blood, 9:37
זֹאת אִיזָֽבֶל׃,Ez 5:5 etc.; הזֶה
ֲ Is 14:16 , הֲזֹאת23:7 La 2:15 ; often at the
beginning or close of enumerations (especially P ), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gn
5:1 זה ספרthis is the book …, 9:12 ִית זֹאת אוֹת ַה ְבּר, 17:10 ; 20:13 זֶה ַח ְס ֵדּ ְך
ֲשׂי ִע ָמּדִי
ִ ֲשׁר ַתּע
ֶ א, Lv 6:2 , 13 , 18 ; 7:1 , 11 Dt 6:1 ; 33:1 Jos 13:2 Jb 27:13 Is
58:6 etc.; … זה הדבר אשׁרEx 16:16 ; 35:4 Jos 5:4 Ju 20:9 ; 21:11 Is 27:22 Je
38:21 + , cf. … זה אשׁרthis is what ( or how) … Gn 6:15 Ex 29:38 Je 33:16 ; זֶה
ְל ָך הָאוֹתEx 3:12 1 S 2:34 + ; at the end, Lv 7:37 ; 11:46 ; 13:50 Nu 5:21 ; 7:17 ,
23 etc., Jos 19:8 , 16 , 23 etc., Is 14:26 ; 16:13 ( … ֲשׁר ֶ ) זֶה ַה ָדּבָר א, 17:14 ; 54:17
Je 13:25 ψ 109:20 Ct 5:16 ( ×2 ) Jb 5 ; 27 , in the latter case sometimes with the force
of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21 ; 20:29 ( cf. ֶה ֵאלּψ 73:12 ), ψ 24:6 ;
48:15 such ( = such a one) is God, our God, for ever ( Hi De ) Zp 2:15 ; cf. Jb 14:3
אַף־עַל־זֶהupon one such as this ( v 1 , 2 ) dost thou open thy eyes?
4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv. , to certain words, especially interrog.
pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and
force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
(Contrast from this point of view מי זהand מי הוא: v. הוא4 b. ) Thus a. ֵי־זֶה א15
were, then? Jb 28:12 אֵי־זֶה מְקוֹם בִּינָה, v 20 38:19 b ( v. other exx. sub אַי1 b , p.
מ, † 1 S 17:55 , 56 ָהעָֽלֶם׃ בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֖הthe son of whom, here , is the lad?
32 ). b. ִי־זֶה
Je 49:19 ( = 50:44 ) ֲשׁר וג׳ ֶ וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אand who (emph.) is the shepherd that etc.,
La 3:37 ψ 24:8 Who is the King of glory? (for which in v 10 the stronger ִי הוּא זֶה מ
is said: so Je 30:21 Est 7:5 ), 25:12 . Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this … is admissible:
Is 63:1 Je 46:7 Jb 38:2 ; 42:3 ; cf. ִי־זֹאת מCt 3:6 ; 6:10 ; 8:5 . c. מַה־זֶּהhow,
now? Gn 27:20 Ju 18:24 וּמַה־זֶּה תֹּאמְרוּ ֵאלַיand how, now , do ye say to me …? 1
K 21:5 2 K 1:5 ; what, now? ( τίποτε ; ) 1 S 10:11 ִישׁ עַל־מַה־זֶּה ; מַה־זֶּה ָהיָה ְלבֶן־ק
for what? Ne 2:4 : contracted into מזֶּה ַ Ex 4:2 . ( Cf. Aramaic ָמדֵיןwhy? used as a
conj. therefore , e.g. 2 S 18:22 S , PS 2013 : both formed similarly.) d. ַה־זֹאת מin
the phrase ( ֶם
ֲשׂיתִ ע, ָשׂית
ִ ָשׂי ָת ) ע
ִ מַה־זֹאת עGn 3:13 ; 12:18 ; 26:10 ; 29:25 ; 42:28
Ex 14:11 Ju 2:2 15:11 + . Either What, now , hast thou (have ye) done? ( Fl De ) or
What is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the
precise construction of the corresp. phrase in Arabic ; De Gen. 3:13 (ed. 4) , and
especially Fl Kl.Schr. i. 356 Lane p. 948 .) e. ָֽה־זֶּה
ָלמּwherefore, now? Gn 18:13 ; 25:22 ;
32:30 Ex 5:22 Nu 11:20 + often Cf. Arabic f. זֶה הַאַתָּה † 2 S 2:20 האתה זה
עשׂהאלArt thou Asahel? 1 K 18:7 , 17 , without ֲהGn 27:24 ; in an indirect question
Gn 27:21 . g. הנֵּה זֶה ִ behold, here … † 1 K 19:5 (in narrative), Is 21:9 Ct 2:8 , 9 .
Cf. Nu 13:17 (unusual) בּנֶּגֶב ַ עֲלוּ זֶהgo up here in the South. h. ַעתָּה זֶה, † 1 K 17:24
ַעתָּה זֶה יַָד ְעתִּיnow I know that …, 2 K 5:22 just now . Also i. prefixed to expressions
denoting a period of time: Gn 27:36 he hath supplanted me מיִם ַ זֶה ַפ ֲעnow two times
(so 43:10 ), 31:38 now, already twenty years, v 41 ( … ִי ) זֶה־לּ, 45:6 Nu 14:22
now ten times, 22:28 , 32 ִים זֶה ָשׁלשׁ ְרָגל, Dt 8:2 , 4 Jos 22:3 זֶה יָמִים ַרבִּים, 2 S
14:2 + ; Zc 7:3 שׁנִים ָ זֶה ַכּמָּהalready how many years! cf. Ru 2:7 Je 50:17 .
5. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare: but see also זוֹ, ) זוּ: ψ 74:2 athe hill of Zion זה
שׁכנת בּוֹwherein thou dwellest, 78:54 ; 104:8 ְקום זה אל־מto the place ( st. c. Ges
§ 130. 3
) which … v 26 Pr 23:22 Is 25:9 ; = that which Jb 15:17 , those who 19:19
(so once, Ex 13:8 , even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by
coupling זהwith the preceding subst. , and separating it from what follows by a disj.
accent (as ַר־זֶ́ה
) ה, appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have
construed, ‘ this mountain, (which) thy right hand,’ etc.
Note .— זֶהin 1 S 17:34 (in many edd.) is a typographical error (not a Kt ) of Jacob
b. Chayim’s Rabbin. Bible of 1525 for שׂהsheep , which has been perpetuated hence in
other subseq. edd. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient edd. is שׂה
ֶ ( cf. de Rossi
Var. Lect. ii. 151
).
† זֹהS 2090
GK 2297
this ( f. ) = ( זֹאת cf. זוֹ, in Mish. the regular fem. of ) זֶה
— 2 K 6:19 Ez 40:45 Ec 2:2 , 24 ; 5:15 , 18 ; 7:23 ; 9:13 ( זאתdoes not occur in
Ec); also in the phr. כזֶה
ְָ ( כָּזֹה וv. זה6 c β ).
† זוֹ S 2097
TWOT 528
GK 2305
i.q. ( זֹהq.v. ): only Ho 7:16 b עגָּם
ְ ַל זוֹthis (i.e.
the falling by the sword, v a) is their derision; and (as relat.) ψ 132:12 וְעֵדֹ ֥֑◌תִי זֹוֹ
and my testimony which … (neglecting the accentuation: v. De , and cf. the remark
under זֶה5 ).
† זוּ S 2098
TWOT 528
GK 2306
pron. (poet.), indeclinable. 1. a demonstr. Hb 1:11
זוּ כֹחוֹthis his strength, ψ 12:8 ( מִן־הַדּוֹר זוּunusual, for ) ַהזֶּה, 62:12 ָשׁ ַמ ְעתִּי
ְשׁ ַתּיִם־זוּthese two things & c. (but better (Wickes Poet. Acc. 64 ) ֖ ְשׁ ַתּיִם ֣זוּtwo things
(are there) which & c. : v. 2 ). 2. a relative , Ex 15:13 תּ ָ עְם־זוּ גָאָ֑ ְלthe people
which thou hast redeemed, v 16 Is 42:24 ָאנוּ לוֹ זוּ ָחטagainst whom we sinned,
43:21 ψ 9:16 ( fem. ) ָנוּ ֶשׁת־֥זוּ ָ ́ט֗מ
ֶ רso 31:5 , 10:2 ; 17:9 (with a plural
antecedent) שׁדּוּנִי ַ ְשׁעִים זוּ
ָ ִמ ְפּנֵי ר, 32:8 ; 68:29 (thou) who hast wrought for us!
142:4 ; 143:8 . To most of these passages the remark made under זה5 respecting the
intention of the punctuators also applies: comp. De on ψ 9:16 . ( Cf. , used as an
indeclin. relat. pron. = in the Ṭayyite dialect: thus there has come upon them that
Jacob G. Jacob.
Hariri Cons. ff. 75 406
which has come: it is we who have done this. See Schu , Thes , W
AG i. 347, e
, Lane p. 986 , Fl Kl.Schr. i. p. 359 . )
זהבTWOT 529
( √ of foll.; meaning dubious; cf. Lag BN 55 Anm
).
†[ זָהַםS 2092
TWOT 530
GK 2299
] vb. be foul, loathsome, but only Pi. , causat.
( NH id. , be foul , Pi. make foul; Aramaic ִים
זְהfoul , make foul, fetid; Arabic stink, be
greasy ) — Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. ( וְזִ ֲהמַתּוּ ַחיָּתוֹ ָל֑הֶםconsec. ) Jb 33:20 his life
maketh it, bread, loathsome to him ( || אוָהֲ ) ונפשׁו ַמ ֲאכַל ַתּ. (On sf. v. Ges § 131, 2, R. 4
; Dr 1 S 21:14 : according to Siegf the word is hopelessly corrupt.)
† I. [ זָהַרS 2094
TWOT 531 , 532
GK 2301 , 2302
] vb. be light, shining ( Arabic shine ,
adj. bright ( cf. Lag BN 120 ); Aramaic ַר זְה, ; NH in deriv.; v. also sub II. — ) זהר
Hiph. intrans. (late) send out light, shine , fig. of everlasting glory of teachers of
righteousness: עַ ַשׂ ִכּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר ָה ָרקִי
ְ וְ ַהמּDn 12:3 and they that make wise shall
shine like the shining of the firmament ( || ֶד
לְעוֹלָם וָע ) וּ ַמ ְצדִּיקֵי ָה ַרבִּים כַּכּוֹ ָכבִים.
causat. causative.
† ֫
זֹהַר S 2096
TWOT 531a
GK 2303
n. [ m. ] shining, brightness ( Arabic , NH
152 f.
cf. Nö ZMG 1886, 732 ; Thes al. der. זִו, ִיו = ( זִיו ) זְהfrom זההin sense be
bright, splendid , etc., cf. Arabic increase, thrive (of seed-produce), a beautiful and
bright , or fresh , plant; Aramaic ָא זְה, adj. זָהוֹהָאhaughty, proud; glory, boast, be
magnificent; yet cf. Ol § 174 ad fin.
)
זוֹS 2097
TWOT 528
GK 2305
, זוּS 2098
TWOT 528
GK 2306
, v. p. 262 .
†[ זוּבS 2100
TWOT 534
GK 2307
] vb. flow, gush ( NH id. , Aramaic דּוּב, דִּיב, ,
all used often in sense 4 infr. ; Arabic (med. ) melt, dissolve, flow ) —only Qal Impf.
יָזוּב Lv 15:25 etc.; Pt. זָב Je 49:9 f. זָ ָב֫הLv 15:19 etc.;— 1. flow, gush (poet.), of
water from the smitten rock ψ 78:20 ( || ַף ) ָשׁט, 105:41 ( || ) ָה ַל ְך, Is 48:21 ( || ) נָזַל. 2.
Pt. freq. in ַשׁ ) ֶארֶץ ( זָבַת ָחלָב וּ ְדב, mostly of promised land, Ex 3:8 , 17 ; 13:5 (all J
) 33:3 Nu 13:27 ; 14:8 ; 16:14 (all JE) Dt 6:3 ; 11:9 ; 26:9 , 15 ; 27:3 ; 31:20 Jos
5:6 ( D ) Lv 20:24 ( H ) Je 11:5 ; 32:22 Ez 20:6 , 15 , of Egypt Nu 16:13 ; ך ְ זָב ִע ְמ ֵק
Je 49:4 (fertile valley of Ammon). 3. fig. flow away = pine away (from hunger) La
4:9 . 4. flow , of issue from woman (all P ), Lv 15:25 ָהּ ( יָזוּב זוֹב ָדּמv. ;) זוֹב
especially have an issue ( flux, gleet ), of woman Lv 15:25 and 15:19 ( ָה
זָב ;) ִתּ ְהיֶה
usually of man, 2 S 3:29 ( || ָע
;) מְצֹרelsewhere P , Lv 15:2 ִשׂרוֹ
ָ ; זָב ִמבּwith cogn.
acc. 15:33 ; ordinarily Pt. זָבone that has an issue Lv 15:4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 ,
13 , 32 (all P ), 22:4 ( H ; || ע
ַ ;) צָרוּalso Nu 5:2 ( P ; || id. )
זוהTWOT 534a
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic put aside or away, draw together, contract ) .
† [ זָוִיתS 2106
TWOT 534a , 534.1a
GK 2312
] n. f. corner (late) ( Aramaic ָא
זָוִית,
(often for Heb. ִפּנָּה, ) ִמקְצוֹ ַע, hence, as loan-word ( Frä Aramaic Fremdw. 11, 168 ) Arabic
) ;— Pl. abs. זָוִיּוֹתψ 114:12 ; cstr. זָוִיֹּתZc 9:15 ;— וּמָֽלְאוּ ַכ ִמּזְרָק ְכּזָוִיֹּת
ִמזְ ֵבּ ַחZc 9:15 simil. of warriors streaming with blood, v. Lv 1:5 , 11 etc.; וגו׳
בְּנוֹתֵינוּ כְּז׳ψ 144:12 our daughters like corner (-pillar) s , carved (so Che al. , but
v. II. ) חטבin palace-fashion.
ָ֫ S
† [ מזוּ 4200
TWOT 534.1b , 534b
GK 4646
] n. m. garner ( on format. cf. Ol § 144
† I. זִיזS 2123
TWOT 535a , 536a
GK 2328 , 2329
n. m. ψ 80:14 coll. moving things
(i.e. beasts) ( etym. & exact meaning still rather dub. , cf. Che OP 472
and on ψ
50:11 ; Thes al. √ ; זוזDe ψ 50:11 comp. Assyrian zizânu , coll. reptiles , Dl
S 74 f.
from a זִאזֵאcf. move to and fro, agitate ( cf. ;) זועothers comp. Assyrian
zâzu , abundance v. II. זוז, so even Di Is 66:11 ; this hardly suits ψ 80:14 ;
זִיזָאworm ) ;—only cstr. זִיז ָשׂדַיψ 50:11 the moving things of the field , as all
known to ִים || ( י׳ ; עוֹף ָהרalso in v 10 ַחיְתוֹ־יָ֑עַר, etc.); fig. of enemies of Isr. ψ
) ֲתזִיר ִמיָּ֑ע. On Assyrian zîzē , teats , v. RFHarper AJSL xiv (1897–1898), 174 .
80:14 ( || ַר
† מְזוּזָה S 4201
TWOT 535b
GK 4647
n. f. door-post, gate-post , abs. ם׳ Ex
21:6 Is 57:8 ; cstr. מְזוּזַת1 S 1:9 Ez 46:2 + Ez 41:21 ( del. S Co cf. Hi
), 45:19 ( ×2 )
(in both ְזוּזוֹתמ S B Co ); sf. מְזוּזָתִי Ez 43:8 , ָם
מְזוּזָתv 8 ;
pl. מְזוּזוֹת1 K 6:31 + 2 times ( + Ez 45:19 ( ×2 ) Co v. supr. ), מְזוּזֹתEx 12:7
+ 4 times; מזֻזוֹתְ Dt 6:9 Ju 16:3 ;—4, 1. of dwelling-house Ex 12:7 ( P ), v 22 ,
23 ; 21:6 (all JE), Dt 6:9 ; 11:20 cf. Is 57:8 ; also ח֑י ָ ם׳ ְפּ ָתPr 8:34 , מְזוּזָתָםEx
43:8 ; of Sol.’s house 1 K 7:5 . 2. of house of י׳: a. of the pre-Solomonic sanctuary
of י׳1 S 1:9 . b. of Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:33 ; of the ִיר ְדּבv 31 . c. of Ezek.’s temple
Ez 41:21 ( del. Co v. supr. ), 43:8 ( ִי ) מְזוּזָת, ם׳ ַה ַבּיִתEz 45:19 , ם׳ ַשׁעַרv
19 , cf. 46:2 . 3. of city-gates Ju 16:3 .
67 f.
Zim BP 94, 97
; only as √ of foll.; perhaps related to I. ( זוזcf. Thes ), but this very
dubious ) .
† זוּזִים S 2104
GK 2309
n.pr. gent. an ancient trans-Jordanic people, dwelling in
הָם Gn 14:5 ; otherwise unknown; abode appar. in (later) land of Ammon, between
Bashan and Moab; commonly supposed = זַ ְמזֻמִּים q.v. , in that case perhaps text
† זוֹחֵת S 2105
GK 2311
n.pr. m. a descendant of Judah ( etym. and meaning
unknown ) 1 Ch 4:20 ( v. also ֵת
) בֶּן־זוֹח, Ζωαν, Ζωαβ , A Ζωχαθ , L
Ζαωθ .
I. זולTWOT 537
( prob. √ of foll., Arabic remove, depart ) .
† [ ָה
זוּלS 2108
TWOT 537a
GK 2314
] n. [ f. ] proposes removal , only found in
the st. c. as Prep. and conj. except, only, save that — cstr. זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 and
(with the obsolete case-ending ִי ) ִ — י
זוּ ָלתDt 1:36 ; 4:12 Jos 11:13 1 K 3:18 ;
12:20 ψ 18:32 ; with sf. זוּ ָלתִי ָ זוּלָֽ ְת, זוּ ָל ֶת֑ ָך2 S 7:22
Ho 13:4 Is 45:5 , 21 , ך
= 1 Ch 17:20 Is 26:13 ; 64:3 Ru 4:4 , ָהּ
זוּ ָלת1 S 21:10 ;— 1. prep. except,
besides , lit. with removal of … (syn. ֵי
ִמ ַבּ ְל ֲעדψ 18:32 Is 45:21 ; ִבּ ְלתִּיHo 13:4 ;
and cf. Dt 1:36 with Nu 32:12 ), Dt 1:36 זולתי כלבwith the exception of Caleb,
1 S 21:10 ָהּ אֵין אַ ֶחרֶת זוּ ָלתthere is none other except it, 1 K 12:20 2 K 24:14 Ru
4:4 : often in such phrases as, There is no God (or, Who is God?) except me (or thee),
2 S 7:22 ψ : 18:32 Ho 13:4 Is 45:5 , 21 ; 64:3 . Always after a neg. or qu. ,
except Is 26:13 אדנים זולתךlords other than thou. Connected inexactly with what
precedes, ז׳acquires the force of only , Dt 4:12 ye saw no form ִי קוֹל
זוּ ָלתsave a
voice = (there was) only a voice, 1 K 3:18 . 2. conj. Jos 11:13 except that he burnt
Hazor alone.
Nö ???
from יזןq.v. ) well-fed horses , fig. of adulteres; Dl Pr 73 f.
comp. Assyrian zanânu ,
be full (i.e. of sexual desire).
† מָזוֹן S 4202
TWOT 539a
GK 4648
n. m. food, sustenance ( so Talm Biblical
Aramaic Syriac ) — ָזוֹן
וּמ בָּר וֶָלחֶםGn 45:23 ( Di ‘ ם׳rather an Aramaic word;
perhaps later gloss for orig. צדָה
ֵ v 21 ; 42:25 ’); ַהמָּזוֹן לָרֹב2 Ch 11:23 .
זוֹנָה v. זנה.
† זוּ ַע S 2111 , 2112 TWOT 2706 , 540 GK 2316 vb. tremble, quake ( Aramaic (incl.
Biblical Aramaic) id. , ; cf. also Arabic impel , move, agitate, shake (on these v. Nö
ZMG 1886, 725
), Assyrian zû , 2 ( = Aramaic ָא ) זוֹעZim BP 94 ) ;— Qal (late) Pf. 3 ms.
זָע Est 5:9 ; Impf. 3 mpl. c. rel. שׁיָּזֻעוּ
ֶ Ec 12:3 ;— tremble, quake , in presence of
powerful superior Est 5:9 ( sq. ;) ִממֶּנּוּsaid of שֹׁ ְמרֵי ַה ַבּיִתin descr. of infirm old man
Ec 12:3 . Pilp. Pt. sf. ך
ָ ְמזַ ְעזְעֶיHb 2:7 ; causat. and intens. they that shall violently
shake thee , fig. of foes of Babylon, instruments of Yahweh’s judgment.
† ָה זְוָעS 2113 , 2189 TWOT 540a GK 2317 , 2400 , and, by transpos., זַ ֲעוָהS 2189
TWOT 540a GK 2400 ( Di Dt 28:25 cf. Sta § 192 a ) n. f. a trembling , i.e. object
of trembling, terror : ָה זְוָעIs 28:19 , also Kt Je 15:4 + 4 times; זַ ֲעוָהDt 28:25
Ez 23:46 (also Qr Je 15:4 + 4 times);— object of trembling, terror, fright; וְ ָהיִי ָת
ְלזַ ֲעוָהDt 28:25 and thou shalt become a terror to all ( ) לְכֹלthe kingdoms of the
earth; ְז׳ וגו׳ וּנְ ַתתִּים לJe 15:4 ; 29:18 , 34:17 ( || ְשׁמָּה ַ ִשׁ ֵרקָה וּ ְל ֶח ְרפָּה לְאָלָה וּל
ְ וְל
), also ְז׳ וגו׳ וּנְ ַתתִּים ל24:9 ( || ִשׁנִינָה וְִל ְק ָללָה ְל ֶח ְרפָּה
ְ ָשׁל ל
ָ ) וּ ְלמ, Ez 23:46 2 Ch
29:8 .
† I. [ זוּרS 2114 , 2115 , 2116 TWOT 541 , 542 , 543 GK 2318 , 2319 , 2320 ] vb. be a stranger (
Arabic (med. incline toward, repair to, visit; II. honour as visitor or guest; IX. decline,
turn aside; visitor; Aramaic זוּד, often = Heb. סוּרturn aside, turn aside to visit ) —
Qal Pf. 3 pl. ֫
זֹרוּ ψ 58:4 ( Kö i 445
), ֫זָרוּψ 78:30 Jb 19:13 ; Pt. זָרEx 30:33 + 27
times; f. זָרָה Ex 30:9 + 7 times; mpl. זָרִים Ho 5:7 + 30 times; fpl. זָרוֹתPr 22:14 ;
ְִ זָ ָר֑יIs 29:5 ; 1. Pf. become estranged ψ 58:4 , c. מןfrom Jb 19:13 ψ
23:33 ; sf. ך
78:30 . 2. Pt. as adj. strange , or as noun stranger: a. to the family, of another
household, ִישׁ זָר אDt 25:5 , elsewhere זָר1 K 3:18 Jb 19:25 Pr 6:1 ; 11:15 ; 20:16 ;
27:13 ; ִים
זָרψ 109:11 Pr 5:10 , 17 ; זרים בנים, children of another household than
God’s Ho 5:7 ; especially of another family than priests’ ִישׁ זָר
אLv 22:12 ( H ) Nu
17:5 ( P ); זָרLv 22:10 , 13 ( H ) Ex 29:33 ; 30:33 Nu 3:10 , 38 ; 18:7 ( P ); not
belonging to the tribe of Levi, Nu 1:51 ; 18:4 ( P ). b. to the person, another Jb 19:27
Pr 14:10 ; 27:2 ; ָהִשּׁה ( זָר
ָ ) אstrange woman, harlot Pr 2:16 ; 5:3 , 20 ; 7:5 ; 22:14 ;
23:33 . c. to the land, foreign , ִים
זָרforeigners (as such usually enemies) Ho 7:9 ; 8:7
( ×2 )
Is 1:7 ; 25:2 , 5 ; 29:5 ; 61:5 Je 5:19 ; 30:8 ; 51:2 , 51 La 5:2 Ez 7:21 ; 11:9 ;
16:32 ; 28:7 , 10 ; 30:12 ; 31:12 Jo 4:17 Ob 11 Jb 15:19 ψ 54:5 ; ֵל זָר אforeign
god ψ 44:21 ; 81:10 = זָר Is 43:12 ; so ִים
זָרDt 32:16 and (in fig. ) Je 2:25 ; 3:13 ;
ַמיִם זָרִיםforeign waters 2 K 19:24 Je 18:14 ; זָר זְמֹרַת Is 17:10 2 ְשׁ֑בוּ
ָ נֶח כְּמוֹ־זָר
Ho 8:12 they are regarded as foreign; זָר ֲשׂהוּ
ֵ ַמעIs 28:21 his work is foreign (as if
dealing with enemies). d. strange to the law; ָה
קְטֹרֶת זָרstrange incense Ex 30:9 ( P );
אֵשׁ זָרָהstrange fire Lv 10:1 Nu 3:4 ; 26:61 ( P ). Niph. Pf. נָז֫רֹוּIs 1:4 Ez 14:5 ;
be estranged Is 1:4 , pregn., sq. ( אָחוֹרcf. RV ); ַל ֵמעEz 14:5 . Hoph. Pt. מוּזָר
estranged ψ 69:9 .
Dl Pr 65
Schr ) —only Qal 3 fs. ֫זָרָהJb 19:17 ִשׁתִּי
COT Gloss
ְ רוּחִי זָ֫ ָרה ְלאmy breath
is loathsome to my wife ( ל
ְ וְחַנֹּתִיin || cl.); > most, who derive from I. זוּר, become
strange and so repugnant .
†[ זָחַחS 2118
TWOT 544
GK 2310 , 2322
] vb. remove, displace ( Arabic push,
thrust away; comp. also Aramaic ח
ַ זוּ, move, move away ( intrans. ) ) — Niph. Impf.
ַחשׁן ֵמעַל ָהאֵפוֹד
ֶ וְלֹא יִזַּח ה Ex 28:28 2 etc., 39:21 (both P ).
† I. [ זָחַלS 2119
TWOT 545 , 546
GK 2323 , 2324
] vb. shrink back, crawl away (
Aramaic ַל זְחcrawl (also drap, drip , of water: so NH ) זָחַל, זָחֵילworm; Syriac locust
(as crawling ); Arabic withdraw, retire to a distance ( v. Lane , Wetzst in De Hiob 2, 428
), and Sab. ֿל זחwithdraw, humble oneself DHM ZMG 1875, 610 ) — Qal only Pt. pl.
cstr. זֹ ֲחלֵי Dt 32:24 Mi 7:17 ;— crawl , of reptiles ( pt. ) ָר
ָעפ זֹ ֲחלֵי Dt 32:24 i.e.
Bö S. Bochart.
serpents (as poisonous), instruments of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr.; ארץ ז׳ Mi 7:17 id.
(as crawling into the earth to hide), sim. of nations in fear of י׳.
& Wetzst in De Hiob 2, 428 on view that Zuḫal = he who withdraws , because of
planet Saturn’s remoteness ) —only c. art., in design. loc. ִם ֶאבֶן הַזֹּ ֶחלֶת ע1 K
1:9 ( cf. ֶאבֶןad fin. )
†[ זִידS 2102
TWOT 547
GK 2326
, זוּדS 2103
TWOT 2704
] vb. boil up, seethe,
act proudly, presumptuously, rebelliously ( NH Hiph. הזידas Heb. ; Aramaic of
Zinjirli זדpresumptuous , DHM Sendsch. 56
; Arabic (med. ) increase, exceed, exaggerate
, e.g. in talk; also Sab. n.pr. ) ( זיד DHM זידאלId. ib. 52 (on distinct.
Epigr. Denkm. 44
betw. זודand זידin Sab. v. Sab.Denkm. 64 ); perhaps also Sab. מזדודןgreat one,
prince , e.g. SabDenkm 89 ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. ֫זָדָהJe 50:29 ; 3 pl. ֫זָדוּEx 18:11 ;—
of Egyptians, ֶם ֲשׁר זָדוּ ֲעלֵיה
ֶ ַדּ ָדּבָר אEx 18:11 ( E ) in the matter as to which they
acted presumptuously against them; of Babylon, ֶל־י׳ זָדָה אJe 50:29 against י׳hath she
acted presumptuously . Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הזִידוּ ֵ Ne 9:10 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יָזִיד
Dt 18:20 , יָזִדEx 21:14 ; וַיָּ֫זֶדGn 25:29 ; 3 mpl. יְזִידוּןDt 17:13 ; 2 mpl. תּזִדוּ ָ ַ וDt
וַיָּ֫זֶד יַעGn 25:29 and Jacob boiled pottage . 2.
1:43 ; 1. boil, seethe , trans. , ֲקֹב נָזִיד
act presumptuously, insolently , Ex 21:14 (JE) ָה כִּי יָזִד אִישׁ עַל־ ֵרעֵהוּ ְל ָהרְגוֹ ְב ָע ְרמ
when a man acteth presumptuously against his neighbour to slay him; usually against ; י׳
sq. vb. fin. Dt 1:43 and ye acted presumptuously and went up; sq. inf. 18:20 the
prophet who shall presume to speak a word in my name; also abs. 17:13 ; elsewhere
only Ne; of Egyptians 9:10 sq. ַל = ( עQal Ex 18:11 ); abs. v 16 ( || וַיַּקְשׁוּ
;) אֶת־ ָע ְרפָּם וְלֹא ָשׁׁמְעוּ וגו׳ v 29 ( || וגו׳ וְלֹא ) ָשׁׁמְעוּ.
† [ זֵידוֹןS 2121
TWOT 547c
GK 2327
] adj. insolent, raging , only pl. and fig.
ַה ַמּיִם ַהזֵּידוֹנִים ψ 124:5 .
† נָזִיד S 5138
TWOT 547d
GK 5686
n. [ m. ] thing sodden or boiled, pottage ;
abs. ן׳ Gn 25:29 + 4 times; cstr. נְזִידGn 25:34 ;—a kind of boiled leguminous
food, obj. of וַיָּ֫זֶדGn 25:29 ( v. זוּדHiph. ); defined v 34 as ָשׁים ִ ( נְזִיד ֲעדv.
;) עדשׁobj. of ַשּׁל ֵ בּ2 K 4:38 ; boiled in a סִירv 39 cf. v 40 ; mentioned,
appar. as a common food, Hg 2:12 .
† [ ִי
זִיפS 2130
GK 2337
] adj. gent. of זִיף1. a ; only mpl. as n.pr. gent. זִפִים 1
S 23:19 ; 26:1 ; ִים
זִיפψ 54:2 (title).
זִירv. זור.
† ֫זַיִתS 2132 TWOT 548
GK 2339
n. m. ψ 52:10 olive-tree, olive ( NH id. ;
Aramaic , ָא
; זֵיתEthiopic Arabic 4, 4 v. Lag M iii. 215 ff.
Hom Aufsätze. u. Abh. , 1892, 94, 99
ff.
; √ dub. ; Thes and most der. from assumed זההbe bright, fresh, luxuriant ( v.
sub ) זִו+ תafformat. which is then treated as radical, cf. Sta § 187 a
; but this not
certain, cf. Ol § 119 b. 142 a
; according to Lag Armen. Stud. § 1347
; ז׳is Armen. loan-
word, v. also Lag M l.c.
; Lag BN 219, Anm.
) ;— abs. ז׳ Gn 8:11 , cstr. זֵית Dt 8:8
ָ זֵי ְתDt 24:20 , זֵי ֶת֑ ָךEx 23:11 Dt 28:40 ; pl. זֵיתִיםDt 6:11 ,
2 K 18:32 ; sf. ך
etc.;— 1. 19 Ju 9:8 , 9 (personif., in Jotham’s fable), Ho 14:7 ( sim. of beauty), Jb
15:33 (as casting off its flowers, sim. of wicked man); in 2 S 15:23 ins. ֲשׁר ֶ הַזּ׳ א
(before ָר
ַה ִמּ ְדבּ, read ) בַּםּ׳ L Dr ; also pl. of two 19 Zc 4:3 , 11 ; ענָן
ֲ ַר ז׳ ψ
52:10 fresh , (thriving) 19 ( sim. of prosperity), so Je 11:16 ; ֵה־ז׳
ֲעלGn 8:11 ( J )
19, cf. Ne 8:15 (here + ֵי
ֲעל ֵץ־שׁמֶן
ֶ ע, etc.); also pl. ְשׁ ִתלֵי זֵיתִיםψ 128:3 19 (
sim. of children); ִים
ִשׁ ֲבּלֵי זֵיתZc 4:12 19 (in Zech.’s vision); זַיִתin representative
or coll. sense, = 19, groups of growing olive-trees, as property, source of wealth, 19
†[ זָכָהS 2135
TWOT 549
GK 2342
] vb. be clear, clean, pure , always in moral
sense ( Assyrian zakû Zim BP
; Aramaic ָא
ְדּכ, ; cf. Arabic be bright (of a fire), pungent
(of an odour); be acute, quick of mind ) — Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִזְכֶּה Jb 15:14 ; 25:4 ; 2
ms. ִתּזְכֶּה ψ 51:6 ; 1 s. interrog. ֶה
ַה ֶאזְכּMi 6:11 ;— 1. be clean, pure , of man, in the
sight of God, Jb 15:14 ; 25:4 (in both || ; יצדקcf. also זַכּוּ15:15 ; 25:5 ). 2. be clear,
be justified = be regarded as just, righteous, of God, ψ 51:6 ( || ) תצדק, Mi 6:11 . Pi.
Pf. 1 s. ִי
זִכִּיתψ 73:13 Pr 20:9 ; Impf. יְזַכֶּה־ψ 119:9 :— make or keep clean, pure ,
obj. ְל ָבבִי ψ 73:13 ֑ ָ ) ֶא ְרחַץ ַכּ, obj. ִלבִּיPr 20:9 ( || ;) ָט ַה ְרתִּיobj. אֶת־אָרְחוֹψ
( || פּי
119:9 . Hitph. Imv. m. pl. הזַּכּוּ ִ Is 1:16 make yourselves clean ( || —;) ַרחֲצוּon form
cf. Ges § 54, 2, b, Rem. Kö Lgb. i, 345, 534
Sta § 129 d
.
זְכוֹכִיתS 2137 TWOT 550b
GK 2343
v. sub זכך.
† זָכַרS 2142
TWOT 551
GK 2349 , 2350
vb. remember ( Assyrian zikâru , name,
mention , cf. n. zikru , Hptin KAT 2 Gloss. i
Lyon Sarg
; Zinj. זכר, Arabic , Aramaic
ְדּכַר, , Palm. דרכנאmonument , Vog , דכירmemorial , Vog No. 62 , Sab. in
No. 36 b
n.pr. ידֿכראלDHM Epigr. Denkm. 43 , but Ethiopic ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ז׳Gn 40:23 + ; 3
Sarg Sargon.
Zinj. Inscriptions of Zinjirli (N. Syria).
fs. זָֽ ְכרָהLa 1:7 , 9 ; 2 ms. ֫ וְזָ ַכ ְר ָתּDt 5:15 + ; sf. זְ ַכ ְר ַתּנִיGn 40:14 cf. 1 S 1:11
, ָם
זְ ַכ ְרתּψ 86:6 ; 2 fs. זָ ַכ ְר ְתּIs 47:7 ; 57:11 cf. 17:10 + Ez 16:22 , 43 Qr (both
Kt ) זכרתי, תּ ְ וְזָ ַכ ְרconsec. Ez 16:61 ; 3 pl. זָֽכְרוּJu 8:34 + , etc.; Impf. 3 ms.
יִזְכֹּרHo 8:13 + ; יִזְכָּר־2 S 14:11 Pr 31:7 ; וַיִּזְכֹּרGn 8:1 + ; sf. וַיִּזְ ְכּ ֶר ָה1 S 1:19
; 2 fs. ִי ִתּזְ ְכּרIs 54:4 + 2 times; 1 s. ֶאזְכֹּרLv 26:42 ( ×2 ) Is 43:25 ( ψ 77:12 Qr v.
infra), ָר־ ֶאזְכּJe 31:34 , וָ ֶאזְכֹּרEx 6:5 ; sf. 2 ms. ֶאזְ ָכּ ְר ָךψ 42:7 , sf. 2 fs. ֶאזְ ְכּ ֵרכִי
ψ 137:6 ( v. Ges § 58, 3, R, 1 Sta § § 356, a, 2, 634 a, 2 ), etc.; Imv. ms. זְכֹרEx 32:13 + ;
זְכָר־ψ 25:7 + ; זָ ְכרָהNe 6:14 + ; sf. זָ ְכ ֵרנִיJu 16:28 + 2 times; mpl. זִכְרוּIs 46:9
+ , זְכֹ֑רוּNe 4:8 ; Inf. abs. זָכוֹרEx 13:3 + ; זָכֹרJe 31:30 + ; cstr. לזְכֹּר ִ Gn
9:16 Ez 23:19 , etc.; sf. רנִי ֵ ְכּזָ ְכψ 137:1 ; Pt. act. pl. cstr. וּלְזֹ ְכרֵיψ 103:18 ;
זָכוּרψ 103:14 v. infr. — I. human subj. 1. remember, recall, call to mind , usually as
affecting present feeling, thought, or action: a. remember past experiences ( acc. ) Gn
42:9 ( E ), 2 K 9:25 absol. imv. ; זְכֹרsq. cl. with ִי מJb 4:7 ; things formerly
knwon ( acc. ) Je 17:2 ; sq. cl. with ִי
כּJu 9:2 ; with implied regret, longing Nu 11:5
(JE), ψ 42:5 ; 137:1 La 1:7 cf. ψ 77:7 , neg. 137:6 ( || שׁכהv 5 ); † so ( sq. ) ְבּ
Je 3:16 ( || לב עלה עלand ) פקד. b. recall past distress, etc.; obj. not expressed, La
3:20 ( ) זכור זכר, Jb 11:16 ( שׁכהin || cl.); neg., sq. acc. Is 54:4 ( || ) שׁכח, Pr 31:7
( || id. ). c. remember sins, (1) to repent of them Dt 9:7 ( + אל־תשׁכח, sq. cl. with
) את־אשׁר, elsewhere only Ezek., usually c. acc. Ez 16:61 ( + ) וְנִ ְכ ַל ְמ ְתּ, v 63 (
obj. not expressed), 20:43 ; 36:21 ; (2) to renew and repeat them Ez 23:19 , neg. v 27
. d. especially remember the dealings of י׳, expressed in great variety of terms in acc. ,
Dt 7:18 ; 8:2 ; 24:9 ; 32:7 ( || ) בין, Is 46:9 ; 63:11 ψ 77:12 Qr ( Kt Hiph. q.v. ) v
12 ; 105:5 ; 143:5 ( || הגיתי, ח
ַ ) אֲשׂוֹ ֵח1 Ch 16:12 ; negatively, Is 43:18 ( || אַל
) ִתּתְבֹּנָ֑נוּ, Ez 16:22 , 43 ψ 78:42 ; 106:7 Ne 9:17 ( || ִשׁמֹ ַע
ְ ;) וַיְ ָמאֲנוּ לobj. cl. with
כִּיespecially D , Dt 5:15 ; 15:15 ; 16:12 ; 24:18 , 22 ψ 78:35 . 2. remember persons
(human subj.), a. to their advantage:— sq. acc. Gn 40:14 ( E ), v 23 ( E ; neg., ||
) שׁבח, 1 S 25:31 . b. to make use of them ( acc. ) Na 2:6 . c. their acts ( acc. ), to their
advantage 2 Ch 24:22 , to their disadvantage 2 S 19:20 (neg.); to take vengeance Dt
25:17 . d. remember human obligations, acc. rei : ִים
ְבּרִית אַחAm 1:9 ; cf. perhaps
Est 2:1 ( acc. pers. and also of deed); neg. Ec 9:15 ( acc. pers. ), ψ 109:16 ( sq. חסד
) עשׂזת. 3. remember י׳: a. call him to mind 2 S 14:11 (i.e. recall a specific command
of his). b. recall , and (especially) keep י׳in mind Dt 8:18 Je 51:50 Is 64:4 ( || עשׂה
) צדק, Ez 6:9 Zc 10:9 Jo 2:8 ψ 42:7 ; 63:7 ( || ) אהגה, 77:4 Ne 4:8 ; negatively Ju
8:34 Is 17:10 ( opp. ) שׁכח, 57:11 ( || ך ְ ;) לֹא ַשׂ ְמ ְתּ עַל־ ִל ֵבּcf. also ז׳ אֶת־בּוֹ ְר ֶא֑ ָך
Ec 12:1 , and (no obj. expressed) ψ 22:28 ( + ;) וישׁובו אל י׳remember ’ י׳s name ψ
119:55 . 4. remember: a. words of Moses Jos 1:13 ( D ) Mal 3:22 ; ’ י׳s instructions
through prophet Is 44:21 ; 46:48 ( || לב ) השׁיבו על, also Mi 6:5 ( sq. cl. with ) סה.
b. commandments of ( י׳so as to do them) Nu 15:39 ( P , or H ), v 40 ( P ; + ועשׂיתם
), ψ 103:18 ( + ) לעשׂותם, 119:52 ( ;) משׁפטיםhis covenant 1 Ch 16:15 . 5. think of
or on, call to mind something present or future;— sq. acc. , issue of conduct Is 47:7 ,
La 1:9 (end of Jerusalem); fight with crocodile Jb 40:32 ; obj. a general truth,
prosperity of wicked Jb 21:6 ( obj. not expr.); (fleeting) days of life Ec 5:19 ; (coming)
days of darkness, 11:8 ; a duty Jb 36:24 ( sq. cl. with ִי
) כּ. 6. remember a day, to
observe, commemorate it:—day of Exodus Ex 13:3 ( J ) Dt 16:3 ; sabbath Ex 20:8 ( E
; || שׂמרDt 5:12 ). 7. remember , with implied mention of , obj. י׳Je 20:9 ( || ֶר ִדּבּ
ִשׁמוֹ
ְ ַשּׂא י׳ ;) בּ
ָמ 23:36 .
II. Subj. ) אלהים ( י׳. 1. remember persons: a. individuals, with kindness, granting
requests, protecting, delivering etc., c. acc. pers. , Gn 30:22 ( E ), 1 S 1:11 ( opp.
) שׁכח, v 19 , Ju 16:28 ( sq. ;) וְ ַחזְּ ֵקנִיJe 15:15 ( || ) ְפּ ְק ֵדנִי, ψ 106:4 ( || id. ), Jb
14:13 ( + חק ) תשׁית לי, also Gn 8:1 ( P ), 19:29 ( P ); neg. ψ 88:6 ( || נִגְזָר֑וּ ;) מידך
sq. ְל pers. ψ 25:7 (yet cf. Che ); sq. acc. rei + ל
ְ pers. (dat. commod.) Ne 5:19 ;
13:14 , 22 , 31 . b. individuals, to punish, sq. ְל pers. Ne 6:14 ; 13:29 . c. his servants,
people, the afflicted, (graciously) sq. ְל Ex 32:13 (JE), Dt 9:27 ψ 136:23 ; sq. acc.
ψ 9:13 ( opp. ) שׁכח, 74:2 ; 115:12 ( sq. ;) יְָב ֵר ְך cf. Je 31:20 ( זכר
) זכור. d. his
land Lv 26:42 ( H ), and neg. La 2:1 (his footstool). e. manking ψ 8:5 ( || ) פקב. 2. a.
) ַהבִּי ָט֯ וּ ְרא.
remember the distress of his servants, La 3:19 ( sq. cl. with ) מה, 5:1 ( || ֵה
b. their devotion, acc. , ψ 20:4 Je 2:2 ( + ל
ְ pers. ), ψ 132:1 ( + id. ); sq. cl. with את
אשׁר2 K 20:3 = Is 38:3 . c. their intercession Je 18:20 ( sq. inf. c. sf. ) 3. a.
remember his own covenant (with them), acc. , Gn 9:15 , 16 Ex 2:24 : 6:25 (all P ),
Lv 26:42 ( ×2 ) ( H , as also) v 45 ( + ל
ְ pers. ); Je 14:21 ( + ) אַל־ ָתּפֵר, Ez 16:60 ψ
105:8 , cf. v 42 ( obj. ) ְדּבַר ָקדְשׁוֹ, and 119:49 Ne 1:8 , ψ 106:45 ( + ל
ְ pers. ),
111:5 . b. his mercy, etc., acc. , ψ 25:6 ; 98:3 2 Ch 6:42 ( ;) לalso Hb 3:2 . c.
extenuating circumstances, sq. cl. with ִי
בּ, Jb 7:7 ; 10:9 ψ 78:39 ; 103:14 ( זָכוּר
bethinketh him , Che , cf. De Kö § 20, 14
Ba NB 175
); also ψ 89:48 ( sq. ֲאנִי+ epex.
cl. with ) מה. 4. remember sins, idolatries etc., sq. acc. , Ho 7:2 ; 8:13 ( || ) פקד, 9:9
( || id. ), Je 14:10 ( || id. ); neg. Je 44:21 ( || לבו ) עלה̀ על, Is 43:25 ; 64:8 ψ 25:7 ;
79:8 ( + ל
ְ pers. ); sq. ְל Je 31:34 ; also ( obj. reproach) ψ 74:18 , 22 ; 89:51 ; and (
obj. day of Jerusalem) ψ 137:7 ( + ֱדוֹם
א ִל ְבנֵי, i.e. against them). Niph. Pf. 2 mpl.
consec. ֶם וְנִזְ ַכּ ְרתּNu 10:9 ; Impf. 3 ms. יִזָּכֵדJe 11:19 + ; 3 fs. ִתּזָּכֵדEz 25:10 , (
ִתּזָּכָרEx 34:19 read ַהזָּכָרv. ;) זָכָר2 fs. ִתּזָּ ֵכ֑רִיIs 23:16 Ez 21:37 ; 3 mpl.
יִזָּֽכְדוּHo 2:19 + ; 3 fpl. ִתּזָּ ַכ ְרנָה Is 65:17 + ; ָרן
ְ ִתּזָּ ַכEz 3:20 ; Inf. cstr. sf.
ִהזָּ ֶכ ְרכֶםEz 21:29 (om. S Co );
Pt. pl. ִים נִזְ ָכּרEst 9:28 .— 1. be brought to
remembrance, remembered, thought of , usually c. neg.:— a. in general, subj. Baalim
Ho 2:19 ( + ָם
ִשׁמ
ְ ) בּ, cf. Zc 13:2 ( || ;) אכריתformer heaven and earth Is 65:17 ( ||
( ;) עלה על לבwicked) dead Jb 24:20 ( || ישׁכחהוv a); coral (not to be thought of
[others, be mentioned ] in comparison with wisdom) Jb 28:18 ; of attention paid to Tyre
under fig. of harlot Is 23:16 ( opp. ) נשׁכחה. b. brought to ’ י׳s remembrance , subj.
the people, (1) with gracious result Nu 10:9 ( P ; י׳ לפני, || ְנוֹשׁ ְעתֶּם
ַ ( ;) ו2) for
judgment Ez 21:29 (om. S Co ). c. be remembered by י׳, neg. of deeds, as affecting י׳
’s judgment, (1) righteous Ez 3:20 ; 18:24 ; 33:13 ( sq. ל ְ of advantage, according to
Co ); (2) wicked 18:22 ( sq. ל ְ , om. A B B etc., Co ) 33:16 ( sq. ) ְל. d. be
remembered ֶל־י׳ אψ 109:14 ( || ) אַל־ ִתּ ָמּ֑ח. 2. neg. be not remembered = no longer
exist, of name of Israel, as nation Je 11:19 ( || ) נכרת, ψ 83:5 ( || ִגּוֹי ;) נַ ְכחִידֵם מof
Ammonites Ez 21:37 ; 25:10 . 3. be remembered , of particular days, in order to be
observed, commemorated, Est 9:28 ( sq. ֲשׂים
ִ וְנַעobserve, celebrate ). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms.
ִהזְכִּיר Is 49:1 ; 2 ms. sf. 1 s. תּנִי
ַ זְ ִהזְ ַכּ ְרconsec. Gn 40:14 ; Impf. 3 ms. יַזְכִּיר Is
19:17 ; 1 s. ִיר
אַזְכּEx 20:24 + , etc.; Imv. ms. sf. 1 s. ַהזְכִּי ֵרנִיIs 43:26 ; mpl.
ַהזְכִּירוּ Is 12:4 Je 4:16 ; Inf. cstr. (ל) ַהזְכִּיר 2 S 18:18 + ; sf. 3 ms. ְכּ ַהזְכִּירוֹ1 S
4:18 ; sf. 2 mpl. ַהזְ ַכּ ְרכֶםEz 21:29 ( cf. Sta Kö§ 245 § 29, 11
); Pt. ַמזְכִּירGn 41:9
+ , etc.; fs. ַמזְ ֶכּרֶתNu 5:15 — 1. cause to remember, remind ,
c. acc. pers. Is 43:26 .
2. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance , c. acc. rei , a person’s name 2 S
18:18 ψ 45:18 ; of י׳, causing his name to be remembered, by some token, Ex 20:24
(JE). 3. mention , a. sq. acc. pers. Gn 40:14 ( E ; sq. אֶל־ pers. ), י׳, = call upon Is
62:6 , name of י׳26:13 ; 48:1 ; also on name of other gods, neg., Ex 23:13 (JE; || ַע
ִשּׁמ
ָי
); sq. ְשׁם
ֵבּ Am 6:10 , cf. ψ 20:8 ( De Che al. boast of, praise ,
μεγαλυνθησόμεθα , whence Hup Bae proposes ִיר
= נְַגבּwe display strength ), neg.
Jos 23:7 ( D || ) תשׁביעו ולא, so באלהי ישׂראלIs 48:1 ( || ְשׁם ֵ ִשׁ ָבּעִים בּ
ְ ) ַהנּ. b. sq.
acc. rei : faults Gn 41:9 ( E ), the ark 1 S 4:18 , land of Judah Is 19:17 , Rahab ( =
Egypt) ψ 87:4 , works of י׳ψ 77:12 ( Kt , Qr Qal q.v. ), his righteousness ψ 71:16 ,
lovingkindness, Is 63:7 ; human love Ct 1:4 ; also in technical sense, apparently =
accuse before God, always sq. ָוֹן ע, 1 K 17:18 Nu 5:15 ( P ) Ez 21:28 v 29 ( sq.
ִשׁעֵיכֶם ְבּ ִהגָּלוֹת
ְ ) פּ, 29:16 . c. sq. cl., with כִּיIs 12:4 ; no conjunction Je 4:16 ( ְל
indir. obj. ; || ַשׁמיעוְ ) ה. d. abs. commemorate, praise 1 Ch 16:4 ( ְלהַז׳, appar.
Levitical function, sq. ) ולהודות ולהלל ליהוה, so perhaps also ִיר ְל ַהזְכּin titles ψ 38:1
; 70:1 (others sub 5 ). 4. record , only pt. ִיר ַמזְכּas subst. (title of public officer) =
indir. indirect.
recorder Rather, probably, the (king’s) reminder , who brought important business to his
notice: cf. Ew Gesch. iii. 365, H. iii. 267 Ke 2 S 8:16 Benz Arch. 310 Now Arch. i. 308 Kit 1 K
4:3 . 2 S 8:16 ; 20:24 1 K 4:3 2 K 18:18 , 37 = Is 36:3 , 22 , 1 Ch 18:15 2 Ch
34:8 . 5. of sacrifice, make a memorial , i.e. offer an ָה אַזְ ָכּרq.v. ; sq. לְבֹנָהIs 66:3 .—
JPPeters JBL , 1893, xii, 58
reads ָה
אַזְ ִכּרψ 42:5 ( v. Qal I. 1 ), ‘let me make my azkara ,
and pour out libation for ( ֵי
) ֲעלmy life.’
֫זֶכS
† I. [ ֶר 2144
GK 2353
֑זָכ1 Ch 8:31 (
] n.pr. m. only ֶר Ζαχουρ ) =
זְ ַכ ְריָה 9:37 q.v. ( cf. Ph. n.pr. ) זכר.
† [ זָכוּרS 2138
TWOT 551f
GK 2344 , 2345
] n. m. male , i.q. זָכָר, but only c. sf.
;— coll. כָּל־זְכוּ ְר ָךEx 23:17 = 34:23 (both JE), = Dt 16:16 , of attendance at
feasts; ָהּ
( כָּל־זְכוּרof city refusing terms of peace) Dt 20:13 commanded to be slain (
opp. ָשׁיםִ ַהנּ, ַה ַטּף, etc., v 14 ).
† ִי זְִכרS 2147 GK 2356 n.pr. m. Ζεχρει, Ζαχρι , etc., except as below:— 1. a
Reubenite 1 Ch 27:16 . 2. a Judahite 2 Ch 17:16 . 3. Levites: a. Ex 6:21 ( P ). b. 1
Ch 26:25 . c. an Asaphite 1 Ch 9:15 || Ne 11:17 where read ( זכריfor ִי זַ ְבדּ, q.v. );
cf. also infr. זַכּוּר3 b. 4. a priest Ne 12:17 ( L Ζαχαριας ). 5. Benjamites: a.
1 Ch 8:19 . b. v 23 . c. v 27 . d. Ne 11:9 . 6. father of a captain in Jehoiada’s time
2 Ch 23:1 ( Ζαχαρια , L Ζεχρι ). 7. mighty man of Ephraim 2 Ch 28:7 (
Εζεχρει , L Ζαχαριας ).
† אַזְָכּרָה S 234
TWOT 551d
GK 260
( an
n. f. memorial-offering , only P
Aramaic inf. form; cf. Ba NB 90
Sta ) — abs. א׳Lv 24:7 ; sf. אַזְכָּֽ ָרתָהּ
§ 244
Lv 2:2 + 5 times;—used of the frankincense burned for the shew-bread ללחם לאז׳
ִשּׁה לי׳ והיתהֶ אLv 24:7 ; elsewhere always after הקטיר, only c. sf. , referring to
ִמנְחָה Lv 2:2 , 9 , 16 ; 6:8 Nu 5:26 ; of the meal used as ָאת
ַחטּby the very poor
Lv 5:12 ; always connected with ִשּׁה
ֶ א, except Lv 6:8 Nu 5:26 .
ַמזְכִּיר S 2142
TWOT 551
GK 4654
n. m. recorder , v. זָכַרHiph.
זלגTWOT ( Arabic glide, slip; of arrow, skim, slide along; a kind of latch, sliding
552
† ַמזְלֵג S 4207
TWOT 552a
GK 4656 , 4657
n. m. appar. a sacrificial implement,
three-pronged fork ַשּׁנַּיִם
ִה הַםּ׳ ְשׁלשׁ 1 S 2:13 , cf. v 14 ( v. Dr Sm pp. 23, 291
. ).
† [ ָה
ִמזְ ָלגTWOT 552b
] n. [ f. ] id. , only pl. ַה ִמּזְלָגֹת Ex 38:3 Nu 4:14 ;
ַה ִמּזְלָגוֹת1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 4:16 ; sf. ִמוְלְגֹתָיוEx 27:3 ;—a sacrificial implement,
belonging to altar in tabernacle, Ex 27:3 ; 38:3 Nu 4:14 (all P ); belonging to
temple 1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 4:16 .
† I. [ זָלַלS 2151
TWOT 553 , 554
GK 2361 , 2362
] vb. shake ( Arabic slip , agitate,
shake; be agitated, quake , especially of earth-quake ) — Niph. Pf.
נָזֹלּוּshake, quake
Is 63:19 of mts. at ’ י׳s presence ( Ges De Che Di Du ; B as if from נזלflow
down ); so 64:2 (but here prob. not original Che Di Du ); read נָזֹלּוּlikewise Ju 5:5
( Thes Stu Be Bla MV SS ; MT נָֽזְלוּ, from ) נזל.
† [ לזַל
ְ ַ זS 2150
TWOT 553a
GK 2360
] n. [ m. ] (quivering) tendrils ;—only pl.
tendrils of vine ִים
ַהזַּ ְלזַלּIs 18:5 ( || ) ַהנְּטִישׁוֹת, in fig. of Yahweh’s destroying the
Assyrians.
Bla J. S. Black.
† II. [ זָלַלS 2151
TWOT 553 , 554
GK 2361 , 2362
] vb. 1. be light, worthless , 2. make
light of ( Assyrian zalâlu , be in ruins , COT Gloss
( Asrn. Standard Inscr. 15
), Arabic =
Aramaic (rare), easy; but ַל
זְל, , are more common (all intrans. ) ) — Qal only Pt. act.
זוֹלֵל Dt 21:20 + 2 times; ָ֑ה
זוֹ ֵללLa 1:11 ; pl.
זוֹ ְללִיםPr 28:7 , cstr. זֹ ְללֵיPr 23:20
— 1. be worthless, insignificant Je 15:19 ( opp. ָר ) יָקLa 1:11 (of Jerusalem in
distress). 2. trans. make light of = be lavish with, squander ( cf. II. ) זוּל, especially of
gluttony ז׳ בשׂרPr 23:20 ( || ֵי יַיִן) סֹ ְבא, abs. v 21 Dt 21:20 (both || ) סֹבֵא, Pr
28:7 . Hiph. Pf. sf. ה ָ ִהזִּילוּLa 1:8 causat. of Qal 1 make light of, despise ( opp. ִכּבֵּד
); on form cf. Ges § 67, R. 8
RobGes , MV SS ( > assigned to זוּלby Thes Kö Lgb. i.
471
).
זלעףTWOT 555
( quadrilit. √ of foll.; v. reff. infr. )
863
Ol § 196 a. 1. 2
) — ז׳ ψ 119:53 ; pl. abs. זְִלעָפוֹת זְִלעֲפוֹתLa
ψ 11:6 ; cstr.
5:10 ;— 1. of fever heat of famine ָב ז׳ ָרעLa 5:10 . 2. of burning wind רוּח ז׳ψ
11:6 (in fig. of ’ י׳s judgment, with ֵשׁ א, ) גָּ ְפרִית. 3. fig. of zeal ז׳ ֲא ָחזַ ְתנִיψ
119:53 .
† ָה
זִ ְלפּS 2153 GK 2364 n.pr. f. Leah’s maid, one of Jacob’s wives, mother of Gad
and Asher Gn 29:24 ; 30:9 , 10 , 12 (all J ), 35:26 ; 37:2 ; 46:18 (all P ).
† זָמַם S 2161 TWOT 556 GK 2372 vb. consider, purpose, devise ( Aramaic ַם זְמin
der. conjj.; cf. Arabic speak, talk (rare); Aramaic is sonuit, resonavit , the n. is tinnitus,
strepitus ) —only Qal Pf. ַם זָמDt 19:19 + 2 times; זָ ָמ֑םLa 2:17 ; זָֽ ְממָהPr 31:16 ;
Asrn. Assurnasirpal
Ges W. Gesenius, Lehrgebaude d. Heb. Sprache.
זַמּ֫וֹ ָת זַמֹּ֫תJe 4:28 but also זָ ַמ֫ ְמתִּיZc 8:14 , 15 ; זַמֹּתִיψ 17:3 either
Pr 30:32 ; ִי
belongs here with irreg. accent ( v. De ), or is Inf. after anal. of ל׳הe.g. ַנּוֹת
חcf.
77:10 ( Hi Ri ); Che crit. n.
זָ ָמ֑מוּ ; זִ ָמּתψ 31:14 ; Impf.
reads ִי יָֽזְמוּ Gn 11:6 ( Ges §
67, R. 11
); on poss. Inf. זַמֹּ ִת֫י ψ 17:3 v. supr. ; Pt. זֹמֵם ψ 37:12 ;— 1. consider, fix
thought upon , c. acc. of concrete obj. ָשׂדֶה Pr 31:16 . 2. purpose, devise: a.
especially of Yahweh’s purpose in punishment Je 4:28 ( abs. ), 51:12 sq. עשׂה+ acc.
( || ָה
) ְמזִמּ, La 2:17 ( sq. ) אשׁרZc 1:6 ( c. כאשׁרsq. inf. ), 8:14 ( id. ); of blessing
only ִי
זָ ַמ ְמתִּי ְלהֵי ִטיב כֵּן ַשׁ ְבתּZc 8:15 ( opp. v 14 ). b. of evil purpose of wicked
men אשׁר יז׳ לעשׂותGn 11:6 Dt 19:19 ( c. כאשׁר+ inf. ), ψ 31:14 ( sq. inf. );
abs. Pr 30:32 ( || ) נבל, ψ 17:3 have I (i.e. if I have) devised evil (so De ); the text of
Pr 30:32 is questioned by Frankenberg Toy al. ; v. on II. נבל, 614b infr. sq. ל ְ
pers. ( = against ) ψ 37:12 .
† [ ָם
זָמS 2162
TWOT 556a
GK 2373
] n. [ m. ] plan, device (bad sense), only
זְמָמוֹ ψ 140:9 ( || ָשׁע
ָר ) ַמ ֲאוַיֵּי.
† I. ָה
זִמּS 2154 , 2155
TWOT 556b
GK 2365 , 2366
n. f. plan, device, wickedness —
abs. ז׳Lv 18:17 + 17 times; cstr. זִמַּתPr 24:9 + 2 times; sf. זִ ָמּ ֵת ְךEz 16:58 + 3
times; כנָֿה ֫ ֶ זִ ַמּ ְתEz 23:48 , 49 ; pl. זִמּוֹתIs 32:7 , sf. זִמֹּתַיJb 17:11 ;— 1. plan,
purpose Jb 17:11 ; elsewhere always 2. in bad sense: a. evil device Is 32:7 ( c. יעץ,
sq. ֵל זִמַּת ִאוֶּלֶת ;) ְל ַחבּPr 24:9 ; cf. ψ 26:10 ( || ) שֹׁחַד, 119:150 . b. wickedness
in act עשׂה ז׳Ho 6:9 (where murder in context), Pr 10:23 ; 21:27 cf. Now .
Especially c. of unchastity: incest Lv 18:17 ; 20:14 ( ×2 ) , licentiousness 19:29 (all
H ), Ju 20:6 ( || ָה
) נְ ָבל, adultery Jb 31:11 ; freq. (mostly Ez) metaph. of idolatry of
people under fig. of harlotry and adultery Je 13:27 ( ך
ְ ) זִמַּת זְנוּ ֵת, Ez 16:27 (
) ַדּ ְר ֵכּ ְך זִמָּה, v 43 , 58 (both || ) תּוֹ ֵעבָה, 22:9 ( c. ) עשׂה, v 11 ( ִטמֵּא ְבּזִמָּה, ||
) תועבה, 23:21 , 27 ( || ) זְנוּ ֵת ְך, v 29 ( ) זְנוּנַיְִך וְזִ ָמּ ֵת ְך וְ ַתזְנוּ ָ ֑תיְִך ֶע ְרוַת, v 35 (
ְִ) ַתּזְנוּ ָת֑י, v 44 ( אִשּׁוֹת הַזּ׳, Co ) לעשׂות ז׳, v 48 ( ×2 ) , 49 ( || ֲח ָטאֵי
|| ך
) גִלּוּלֵיכֶן, 24:13 . [In Ez 16:27 , 43 ; 24:13 del. Co , chiefly on intern. grounds.]
† II. ָה
זִמּS 2154 , 2155 TWOT 556b GK 2365 , 2366 n.pr. m. of several Levites
(Gershonites)— 1. 1 Ch 6:5 . 2. 1 Ch 6:27 . 3. 2 Ch 29:12 .
† ְמזִמָּה S 4209
TWOT 556c
GK 4659
n. f. purpose, discretion, device (Je and
ְמזִמּJb 42:2 + 5 times; ַה ְמּזִ ָמּ֫תָהJe 11:15 (but read for ַרבִּים
WisdLt ), ָה הם׳with
;) הַֽנְ ָדרִים ַה ְמּזִמֹּחaltogether ְשׂר קֹדֶשׁ יֲַעבִרוּ ַ ָֽשׂתָה ְמזִמֹּת הַֽנְ ָדרִים וּב
ְ ע
ֵמ ָע ַליְִך ָר ָע ֵת ְך. ְמזִמָּתוֹJe 51:11 ; pl. abs. ְמזִמּוֹתψ 37:7 + 7 times; cstr. id. Je
23:20 ; 30:24 ; sf. ָיו ְמזִמּוֹתψ 10:4 ;— 1. of ’ י׳s purposes Jb 42:2 ; chiefly in
punishment ( cf. ַם זָמ, ) זִמָּהJe 23:20 ; 30:24 ; 51:11 ( || זמםv 12 ). 2. power of
devising, discretion Pr 1:4 ( || ַת ) ַדּע, 2:11 ( || ) תְּבוּנָה, 3:21 ( || ֻשׁיָּה
ִ ) תּ, 5:2 ( ||
ַדּעַת ְמזִמּוֹת ;) ַדּעַת8:12 . 3. a. evil thoughts of men ψ 10:4 , evil devices of men Jb
21:27 ( || ) מחשׁבות, ψ 10:2 ; 21:12 (both c. ָשׁב ַ ח. b. wickedness in act Je 11:15
ψ 37:7 (both c. ָשׂה ָ ) ע, 139:20 = ִל ְמזִמָּהwickedly; —note phrases: ְמזִמּוֹת אישׁa
man of ( evil ) devices (or practices ) Pr 12:2 ( opp. טוֹך14:17 ; מזִמּוֹת ְ ַבּעַל־Pr
24:8 ( || ַשּׁב ֵ ; ְל ָה ֵר ַע ְמחv. ) ַבּעַל.
† [ ַן
זָמS 2163
TWOT 557
GK 2374
] vb. (Aramaic and late) only Pu. Pt. be fixed,
appointed , of time ( Arabic continue , Aramaic Pa. מּן
ֵ ַ ז, summon to fixed time or
place, invite, appoint; cf. זְ ָמ֑ן infr. ) — ִעתִּים ְמזֻ ָמּנִים Ezr 10:14 Ne 10:35 ; ע׳
ְמזֻמָּנוֹת Ne 13:31 .
Ethiopic Biblical Aramaic זְמַן, but Syriac , Mand. . זיבנא, Mand. . זבאן, v.
Nö M 152
; on OPers. origin v. Biblical Aramaic Sam. , Palm. זבנא, cf.
Reckendorf ZMG 1888, 394
) — sg. זְ ָמ֑ן Ne 2:6 Ec 3:1 ; sf. וְִכזְ ַמנָּ֑םEst 9:27 ,
ִבּזְ ַמנֵּיהֶם v 31 (on Dagh. cf. Ges § 20. 2. c
).
† I. [ זמרTWOT 560
] vb. only Pi. make music in praise of God ( ) י׳, only poet. (
Arabic pipe, play on a reed; Aramaic ֵר זַמּand deriv.; Ethiopic in der. conjj.; on an orig.
meaning hum, murmur , cf. Hup ZKM iii, (1840) 394 ff. iv, 139 ff. Id Psalm. Einl. § 7, 2 De 4 on ψ 3
) — Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְזַ ֶמּ ְר ָךψ 30:13 ; 1 s. ֲאזַמֵּרJu 5:3 2 S 22:50 ; (זַ) ֲאזַ ְמּרָהψ
ֲאזַ ֵמּ֑רψ 18:50 + 3 times; sf.
7:18 + 7 times;, ָה ֲאזַ ֶמּ ְר ָך ָ ֑ ֲאזַ ְמּ ֶרψ
ψ 57:10 ; 108:4 , ךּ
131:1 ; 3 mpl. יְזַמְּרוּ ψ 66:4 ; 149:3 ; ְרוּ
וִיזַמּψ 66:4 ; 1 pl. נְזַ ְמּרָה ψ 21:14 ; Imv.
† I. ָה
זִ ְמרS 2172 , 2173 , 2176
TWOT 558a , 560a
GK 2379 , 2380 , 2384
n. f. melody, song ,
in praise of — י׳abs. ז׳ ψ 81:3 + 2 times; ָת
זִ ְמרEx 15:2 ψ 118:14 Is 12:2 , read
) ( זִ ְמ ָר ִת(יv Di Ex SS ); cstr. זִ ְמרַתAm 5:23 , on Gn 43:11 v. infr. ;— 1. of
instrumental music ך ָ וְזִ ְמרַת נְ ָבלֶיAm 5:23 ( || ) המון ִשׁריך. 2. of singing תּוֹדָה
וקול ז׳Is 51:3 ; as subject of song ( וְזִ ְמ ָרתִי יָהּ ֻעזִּיso read) Ex 15:2 Is 12:2 ψ
118:14 . 3. not clearly determined ְנוּ־תֹ֑ף כנור נעים עם־נָֽבֶל ׃ ְשׂאוּ־ז׳ וּתψ 81:3 ;
בכנור וקול ז׳98:5 ( cf. III. זמרad fin. ).—On ִמזִּ ְמרַת הארץGn 43:11 v. II.
זמרהinfr.
† I. [ ִיר
זָמS 2158 , 2159
TWOT 558b , 559a
GK 2369 , 2370
] n. m. Is 25:5 song ( cf.
Ba NB 136
) — cstr. זְמִירIs 25:5 ; pl. abs. זְמִרוֹתJb 35:10 + 2 times, זְמִרֹתIs
24:16 ; cstr. ִרוֹת זְמ2 S 23:1 ;— song זְמִרוֹת ישׂראל נְעִים2 S 23:1 in epith. of
David; Jb 35:10 Is 24:16 ; of (hostile) song of triumph ִיר ָע ִריצִים זְמIs 25:5 ( ||
;) ְשׁאוֹן זָרִיםsong in praise of ִבּזְמִרוֹת נָרִיעָה לוֹ י׳ψ 95:2 ( || ) תודה, cf. ז׳ היו
לי ֻחקֶּי ָך119:54 , i.e. they are the subject of my song.—On Ct 2:12 v. II. זמירsub
II. זמר.
† מזְמוֹר ִ S 4210 TWOT 558c GK 4660 n. [ m. ] melody ( techn. design. of
psalms; cf. Hup Psalm. Einl. § 7, 2 De 4 on ψ 3 , Bae Psalmen, xiii ; , , loan-wds., all =
Psalm ( s ); on ם׳, in relation to תהלהcf. Lg Or ii. 22f. ) , always in this form; in 57
ψ -titles:— ם׳alone ψ 98:1 , ָת
ַשּׁבּ
ַה ם׳ שׁיר ליום 92:1 , ְתוֹדָה
ל ם׳ 100:1 ; usually
with pers. name or title; דוִד
ָ ְל ם׳ψ 3:1 ; 15:1 ; 23:1 ; 29:1 ; 63:1 ; 141:1 ; 143:1
, לדוד שׁיר ם׳108:1 , ִיר ם׳ לדוד ְל ַהזְכּ38:1 , לדוד ם׳ ִשׁיר־ ֲחנֻכַּת הבית30:1 ,
לדוד ם׳24:1 ; 101:1 ; 110:1 , ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ ַח ם׳ לדוד13:1 ; 19:1 ; 20:1 ; 21:1 ; 31:1 ;
41:1 ; 51:1 ; 64:1 ; 140:1 ; … ח ַ ם׳ לדוד ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ4:1 ; 5:1 ; 6:1 ; 8:1 ; 9:1 ; 12:1 ;
22:1 ; 39:1 ; 62:1 , ח ם׳ ַ לדוד שׁיר ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ65:1 , למנצח לדוד ם׳40:1 ; 109:1 ;
139:1 , למנצח לדוד ם׳ שׁיר68:1 ; also simply ח ם׳ שׁיר ַ ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּψ 67:1 , ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ ַח
שׁיר ם׳66:1 ; but also קרח שׁיר ם׳ לבני־ψ 48:1 , ִל ְבנֵי־קֹרַח ם׳ שׁיר87:1 ,
ַשׂכִּיל ְלהֵימָן ָה ֶאזְ ָרחִי שׁיר ם׳ לבני קרח ְ ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ ַח … מ88:1 , קרח ם׳ ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ ַח
לבני־47:1 ; 49:1 ; 85:1 , למנצח … לבני־קרח ם׳84:1 ; further ם׳ לְאָסָףψ 50:1 ;
73:1 ; 79:1 ; 82:1 , שׁיר ם׳ לאסף83:1 , ח … ם׳ לאסף שׁיר ַ ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ75:1 ; 76:1 ,
…ח ַ לאסף ם׳ ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ77:1 ; 80:1 . [Summary:— ם׳in 34 ψψ with ַלמְֿנַ ֵצּ ַח, of wh.
23 have לדודalso, 5 לבני קרחalso, 4 לאסף, and 2 no n.pr. ; in addit., in 13 ψψ
with לדוד, 2 with לבני קרח, 5 with ; לאסףin only 3 without either n.pr. or title;
ם׳is preceded by שׁיר5 times, and foll. by ִשׁיר8 times]
† [ ֶת
ְמזַ ֶמּרS 4212
TWOT 559d
GK 4662
] n. f. suffers , as utensil of Sol.’s temple,
only pl. abs. ְמזַמְּרוֹת 2 K 12:14 , ְרוֹת
ַה ְמזַמּ1 K 7:50 = 2 Ch 4:22 , 2 K 25:14
= Je 52:18 .
זמר
III. TWOT 560 ( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; DHM in MV 10, 983 comp. Arabic
thing to be protected, thing sacred, inviolable , Lane 978 , Arabic is 4 Aramaic wonder
at, admire , mirus, admirabilis , etc.; hence זמרתGn 43:11 ‘ die Merkwürdigkeiten des
Landes ’ ) .
֫זֶמS
† [ ֶר 2169
TWOT 560b
GK 2378
] n. [ m. ] a certain animal allowed as food,
most prob. some kind of 3 or- goat ( S ) מ֑ר ֶ ָ וָזDt 14:5 . ( AV RV chamois: but
DB 2. s.v.
see Tristram , who points out that this is not a native of any Bible land.)
† I. ִי
זִ ְמרS 2174
GK 2381 , 2382
n.pr. m. Ζαμβρ(ε)ι — 1. a Simeoneite Nu
25:14 ( P ). 2. grandson of Judah 2 Ch 2:6 (app. = ִי זַ ְבדּJos 7:1 q.v. ) 3. king of
Isr. before Omri 1 K 16:9 , 10 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 2 K 9:31 . 4. a Benjamite 1
Ch 8:36 ( ×2 ) = 9:42 ( ×2 ) .
† [ ֵב
] זִנּvb. denom. Pi. cut off, or smite, the tail , only fig. , of hostile attack in
war; Pf. consec. 2 mpl. וְזִנַּ ְבתֶּם Jos 10:19 ( sq. ;) אֹתָם Impf. 3 ms. וַיְזַנֵּב ְבּ ָך
ֱשׁלִים
ָ כָּל־ ַהנֶּח Dt 25:18 ; in both = attack or smite in the rear .
† זָנָהS 2181
TWOT 563
GK 2388 , 2389
vb. commit fornication, be a harlot ( Arabic
commit fornication , Aramaic , ; זנאcf. Ethiopic effusio seminis virilis, semen effusum ,
Di 1055
; on this and ( comp. by Ges al. ) v. Prät ) — Qal Pf. ז׳Dt
BAS i.32, Anm.
31:16 , ָה זָֽנְתGn 38:34 + 3 times, etc.; Impf. ( יִזְנֶ֯הKt ) Ez 23:43 ; ִתּזְנֶהLv 19:29 +
4 times; וַתּ֫זֶןJe 3:8 Ez 23:5 ; תּזְנִי ִ Ho 3:3 ; וַ ִתּזְנִיJe 3:6 (but read prob. וַ ִתּזֶן: וַ ִתּזְנִיis
not Aramaic form of 3 fs. , v. Kö i 540 Kau § 47 g b ) Ez 16:15 + 4 times; תּזְנִים ִ ַ וEz
16:28 ; ( יִזְנוּQr ) Ez 23:43 ; וַיִּזְנוּJu 8:27 + 4 times; תּזְנֶינָהִ Ho 4:13 , 14 ; וַ ִתּזְנֶינָה
Ez 23:3 ; Inf. abs. זָנֹהHo 1:2 ; cstr. לזְנוֹת ִ Lv 20:5 + 3 times; ִלזְנֹתLv 20:6 ; sf.
ִבּזְנוֹ ֵת ְךEz 23:30 ; Pt. זוֹנֶהψ 73:27 Ez 6:9 ; זֹנֶהHo 4:15 ; pl. זֹנִיםLv 17:7 + 3
times; זוֹנָהDt 23:19 + 25 times; זֹנָהLv 21:7 + 2 times; זוֹנוֹתPr 29:3 ; זֹנוֹתHo
4:14 + 4 times— 1. be or act as a harlot , abs. Gn 38:24 ( J ), Dt 22:21 ( D ), Lv
† I. זָנַחS 2186
TWOT 564 , 565
GK 2395 , 2396
vb. reject, spurn ( Arabic repelled ;
Assyrian zinû , to be angry not connected ) — Qal Pf. ז׳ Ho 8:3 , 5 La 2:7 ; תּ
ָ זָנַ ְחψ
44:10 + 2 times; sf. זְנַ ְח ָתּ֑נִי ψ 43:2 ; ָנוּ
וְנַ ְחתּψ 60:3 , 12 ; 108:12 ; זְנַ ְחתִּיםZc 10:6 ;
Impf. יִזְנַח ψ 77:8 La 3:31 ; תּזְנַח
ִ ψ 44:24 + 2 times;— reject , Isr. rejects good Ho
8:3 ; Samaria’s calf rejects her Ho 8:5 (others make י׳subj.; We Kl. Proph.
reads אזנחI
reject ), elsewhere God rejects people ψ 43:2 ; 60:3 ; 77:8 ; 88:15 Zc 10:6 ; ַח
ָלנֶצψ
44:24 ; 74:1 ; לעולםLa 3:31 ; ז׳ ולא תצא בצבאתינו ψ 44:10 ; 60:12 ; 108:12 ;
ִשּׁלוֹםָ ְשׁי מִ נַפLa 3:17 ; king ψ 89:39 ; altar La 2:7 . Hiph. Pf. ִהזְנִי ַח2 Ch 29:19 ; sf.
ִהזְנִיחָם2 Ch 11:14 ; 3 pl. ֶה ֶאזְנִיחוּIs 19:6 , v. II. ; זנחImpf. יַזְנִי ֲח ָך1 Ch 28:9 ;—
(late) reject ( = earlier Qal ), Jeroboam rejects the Levites מכהן לי׳2 Ch 11:14 ; Ahaz
the sacred vessels 2 Ch 29:19 ; י׳rejects Solomon 1 Ch 28:9 .
†[ זָנַקS 2187
TWOT 566
GK 2397
] vb. only Pi. leap ( NH זִנֵּקcause to spring,
spurt; Aramaic throw, shoot , also bind ) — Impf. 3 ms. ָשׁן
ָ יְזַנֵּק מִן־ ַהבּDt 33:22 he
leapeth forth from Bashan (of Dan under fig. of lion’s whelp).
†[ זָ ַע ְךS 2193
TWOT 567
֑ ָ ְנִז
] vb. extinguish , only Niph. be extinguished עכוּ יָמַי
ֻח ָבּ֑ל
Jb 17:1 ( || ָה ) רוּחִי. Elsewhere always ( דעךq.v. ), and so in cogn. languages.
Prob. error for נדעכו.
† זָעַםS 2194
TWOT 568
GK 2404
vb. be indignant ( cf. Aramaic (rare) blame , &
n. ; Arabic onomatop., of roar of camel, angry speech , v. Frey , De on ψ 7:12 )—
Pf. ז׳Nu 23:8 + 3 times; זָ ַע ְמתָּהZc 1:12 ; Impf. ֶאזְעֹםNu 23:8 ; 3 pl. sf.
יִזְעָמוּהוּPr 24:24 ; Imv. זֹ ֲעמָהNu 23:7 (for זָֽ ָעמֳהGes § 64, (2) ); Pt. act. זֹעֵםψ
7:12 ; pass. cstr. זְעוּםPr 22:14 ; f. ָה זְעוּמMi 6:10 ;— 1. be indignant, have
indignation , of hostile prince ִית קוֹדֶשׁ עַל ְבּרDn 11:30 ; elsewhere of Yahweh, who is
אֵל זֹעֵםψ 7:12 ( || ) שׁוֹפֵט, c. acc. of enemy Is 66:14 ; cities of Judah Zc 1:12 ;
people Mal 1:4 ; a man Pr 22:14 . 2. express indignation in speech, denounce, curse ( ||
יִ ְקּבֻהוּPr 24:24 ; || אֶקֹּבand ֽאָרָה־Nu 23:7 , 8 ( ×2 ) ( E ); זְעוּמָה אֵיפַת רָזוֹןMi 6:10
an ephah of scantiness, denounced , or cursed . 2 is prob. denom. from ַם
( זַעv. Buhl ).
Niph. Pt. pl. ָפּנִים נִזְ ָעמִים Pr 25:23 face stirred with indignation .
late)— ז׳abs. 2 Ch 16:10 ; 28:9 ; cstr. Is 30:30 + 2 times; sf. זַעְפּוֹ Jon 1:15 ;—
1. rage of king, leading to violence Pr 19:12 ( || ִיר
ַכּ ְכּפ ) נַהַם, 2 Ch 16:10 ( בְּז׳
) כעם || ; עִמּוֹ עַל־זאת, 28:9 ; אַף ז׳ Is 30:30 raging of anger (of י׳ ;) י׳ ז׳ Mi 7:9 .
2. raging of sea Jon 1:15 .
†[ זָעַקS 2199
TWOT 570
GK 2410
] vb. cry, cry out, call ( || form of צעקq.v. ;
Arabic , Aramaic ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְזָ ָע֑קָה 2 S 13:19 ; 1 s. ִי
זָ ַע ְקתּψ 142:6 ; 3 pl.
זָֽעֲקוּ Ju 6:7 + 3 times; ֲקוּ
וְזָעconsec. Ju 11:11 + 2 times; 2 mpl. וּזְ ַע ְקתֶּםconsec.
1 S 8:18 ; Impf. 3 ms. ע֑ק ָ ְ יִזIs 15:5 ; וַיִּזְעַק1 S 7:9 + 5 times, etc., Imv. זְעַקEz
זַ ֲעקIs 14:31 , cf. Je 48:20 Kt ; וְזַעֲקוּJu 10:14 + 2 times; וּזְ ָע֑קוּJe
21:17 ; fs. ִי־
48:20 Qr ; Inf. cstr. מזְּעֹק ִ 1 S 7:8 ; וְִלזְעֹק2 S 19:29 ; sf. זַ ְע ֶק֑ ָךIs 30:19 ; ְבּזַ ְע ֵק ְך
Is 57:13 ( Ol § 245 b Ges § 61. 1. R 1 );— 1. call , to one’s aid, sq. acc. pers. Ju 12:2 . 2.
cry, cry out , in need: a. unto God ( ) י׳, sq. ֶל־ אJu 3:9 , 15 ; 6:6 , 7 ; 10:10 1 S 7:8 ,
9 ( + בעדof intercession), 12:8 , 10 ; 15:11 Mi 3:4 Je 11:11 Hb 1:2 ( c. acc.
חמס, cf. Ho 8:2 infr. ), 2 Ch 20:9 ψ 22:6 ; 107:13 , 19 ; 142:6 Jo 1:14 ; sq.
אֶל־י׳+ בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹלNe 9:4 ; + קוֹלִיψ 142:2 ) ( || ;) התחנן+ ְבּ ִלבָּםHo 7:14 ( opp.
;) הֵילִילsq. ְלHo 8:2 ( + obj. of words uttered), 1 Ch 5:20 ; sq. sf. Ne 9:28 ; sq.
ַשּׁ ַמיִם
ָ ( הwithout divine name) 2 Ch 32:20 ( || ;) התפללabs. , but with implication of
cry to י׳1 S 8:18 Is 30:19 . b. unto other gods, sq. ֶל־ אJu 10:14 Je 11:12 Jon 1:5 .
c. unto king, sq. ֶל־ א2 S 19:29 . d. abs. , utterance of horror, anxiety, alarm, distress,
sorrow, etc. 1 S 4:13 ; 5:10 ; 28:12 ( + ) בקול גדול, 2 S 13:19 ; 19:5 ( + ) קול גדול,
1 K 22:32 = 2 Ch 18:31 , Is 15:4 ; 26:17 ; 57:13 Je 20:8 ( || קרא, cf. Hb 1:2
supr. ), La 3:8 ( || ע
ַ ֲֵשׁוּ
ַ ) אEz 9:8 ; 11:13 ; 27:30 ; also of cry heard by God Ex 2:23 (
P ); sq. ְלof that in behalf of, or for which one cries Is 15:5 Je 48:31 ; so sq. עַל־Je
30:15 ; sq. acc. cogn. ָה זְ ָעקEst 4:1 ; || הילילJe 47:2 ; and especially Imv. Is 14:31
Je 25:34 ; 48:20 Ez 21:17 . e. cry out against one, sq. ַל־ עJb 31:38 if my land cry out
against me ( || ָיוּן ;) יְִבכּcf. also ( abs. , and without prep.) Hb 2:11 the stone shall cry
) מthe wall . Niph. Pf. 2 ms. נִזְ ָע֑ ְק ָתּJu 18:23 ; 3 mpl. נִזְעֲקוּJu 18:22 ;
out of ( ִן
Impf. ֵק וַיִּזָּעJu 6:34 + 2 times; וַיִּזָּעֲקוּJos 8:16 ;— be called together, assemble, join
Jos 8:16 (JE), Ju 18:22 , 23 1 S 14:20 ; sq. ָיו אַ ֲחרJu 6:34 , 35 assembled after him ,
i.e. joined him as his followers. Niph. : = be called out for military service, pass. of
Hiph. 1 ; cf. GFM Ju 18:23 . Hiph. Impf. ֵק וַיַּזְעJu 4:10 + 3 times; יַזְעִיקוּJb 35:9 ;
Imv. ֶק־ ַהזְע2 S 20:4 ; Inf. cstr. ְל ַהזְעִיק2 S 20:5 ;— 1. call, call out , or together ,
for military service, sq. acc. Ju 4:10 , 13 2 S 20:4 , 5 . 2. make a crying Jb 35:9 (
ְשׁוְּעוּ
ַ יin || cl.) 3. have proclamation made ויז׳ ויאמרJon 3:7 . 4. call out to, or at , sq.
acc. וַיַּזְעֵק אֹתִי וַיְַדבֵּר Zc 6:8 ( si vera l. ; Gr queries ַר
)? וַיָּע.
זערTWOT 571
( Arabic be scanty , of hair, plumage, etc.; Aramaic , זְעַרbe or grow
small; cf. ) צער.
† ִמזְעָר S 4213
TWOT 571b
GK 4663
n. [ m. ] a little, a trifle, a few . 1. of time
עוֹד ְמעַט ִמזְ ָע֑ר Is 10:25 ; 29:17 yet a trifle, a little = a very little while. 2. of
number שׁאָר
ְ ְמעַט ִמזְעָרIs 16:14 a remnant, a very few ( opp. ) לוֹא ַכּבִּיר. In Is 3
without מעט:— ָֽר ׃ ונשׁאר אנושׁ ִמזְעIs 24:6 .
† [ ְרֹן
] זִפn.pr.loc. only c. ה loc. זִפְרֹ֫נָה Nu 34:9 , place on northern boundary
of Canaan; Δεφρωνα, Εφρωνα ; L Ζεφρωνα ; site dub. , Wetzst Hauran 88
proposes Zifrân , NE. from Damascus; Furrer ZPV viii. 28 Bd Pal 397 (‘perhaps,’)
Za ferâne , between Ḥumṣ and Hamath; Di rejects both.
Sta § 187a . Word is Armenian according to Lag Arm. Stud. 1351, BN 219 ; on Egyptian
deriv. cf. Cook Speaker’s Comm. i. 484 ; Arabic according to Frä 151 , if Shemit., is
Aramaic loan-wd. v also Ethiopic Di 1068 ) — pitch: — ֶת וַ ַתּ ְח ְמרָה ַב ֵחמָר וּ ַב ֑זָּפEx
2:3 of ark of bulrushes; Is 34:9a וְנֶ ֶהפְכוּ נְ ָחלֶי ָה ְלזֶפֶת וַ ֲע ָפרָהּ ְלגָ ְפ ִר֑ית, v 9b
והיתה אַ ְרצָהּ ְלזֶפֶת בֹּ ֵערָֽה ׃.
† I. [ זֵקS 2131
TWOT 573 , 577a
GK 2338 , 2414 , 2415
] n. [ m. ] missile, spark ( √
dub. ; cf. NH זִיקִיןfiery arrows , Aramaic זִיקָאid. , זִיקוּקָאid. + spark , shooting
star, ray of light , shooting star ) —only pl. ִים זִקּof (fire-?) missiles Pr 26:18 ( ||
ִחצִּים, c. ;) ירהso זִיקוֹתsparks, brands (as leaping, springing forth?) ( מְאַזְּרֵי ז׳v.
) אזרIs 50:11 ( || ) קֹ ְדחֵי אֵשׁ, ז׳ ִבּ ַע ְרתֶּםv 11 ( || ֶשׁכֶם
ְ ) אוּר א.
† ֫
זֹקֶן S 2207
TWOT 574c
GK 2419
n. [ m. ] old age — עֵינֵי ישׂראל כָּֽבְדוּ
מִזֹּ֫קֶן Gn 48:10 ( E ).
†[ זָקַף S 2210 TWOT 575 GK 2422 ] vb. (late) raise up ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַף זְק, ;
Assyrian zaḳâpu , Asrb. Hunting Inscr. IR 7, ix. A, 3
; Nö ZMG 1886, 725
suggests Arabic carry off
( Ḳam .), orig. lift up ) —only Qal Pt. act. and only fig. of ’ י׳s dealing with prostrate
men :— ִים ְלכָל־ ַהכְּפוּפ וְזוֹקֵף ψ 145:14 ( || ך
ְ כְּפוּפִים ;) סוֹמ זֹקֵף 146:8 י׳raiseth up
prostrate ones .
† [ אזֵק
ֲS 246
TWOT 577b
GK 272
] n. [ m. ] id. , specific. menacle , only pl.
manacles ִים
בָּאזִקּ אָסוּר Je 40:1 , and ִים
מִן־הָאזִקּ ֲשׁר על־ידך
ֶא v 4.
†[ זָרַבS 2215
TWOT 578
GK 2427
] vb. only Pu. , meaning dub. ; prob. (from
context) be burnt, scorched — Pu. Impf. in rel. cl., מ֑תוּ
ָ נִ ְצ ְבּ ֵעת יְזֹֽרְבוּJb 6:17 ( ||
) נִ ְדעֲכוּ ִממְּקוֹמָם ְבּחֻמּוֹ, of brooks scorched and drying up ( || form of ָצרַבq.v. ; so Ew
Di De Hoffm Kau AV RV MV ; > Thes Rob-Ges. who comp. Arabic flow
away , cf. NH ָה
; זְרִיבand Mich Dl Pr 36 f. VB m. ( are straitened ) RVm ( shrink
Kau E. Kautzsch.
Mich J. D. Michaelis.
) cf. Aramaic compress , (Arabic is to make a wooden enclosure ), Assyrian zarâbu ,
Zim BP 32 n. 56, 70, 95 ) .
proposes Wadyel-Aḥsy ( = ִים נַחַל ָה ֲע ָרבIs 15:7 ), between Moab & Edom; < either
Sail Sa îde ( Kn ), chief source of Arnon from SE. ( Burckh Syrien, 635 ), or W. Kerak (
Ges Ke Di ); so also GASm Geog. 557 .
Mey Mey E. Jud. , or Entstehung , or Enst. J. , or Entstehung d. Jud. , or Judenth(um) = Id., Die Entstehung
des Judenthums.
Burckh J. L. Burckhardt, esp. Id, Travels in Syria, etc.
GASm George Adam Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land.
20:23 ; 22:15 cf. Zc 2:2 , 4 ( ×2 ) ψ 106:27 ; bones of Israel Ez 6:5 ; people of Hazor
Je 49:32 ; of Elam 49:36 ; of Babylon 51:2 ( ִים = זָרstrangers?); Egyptians Ez 29:12 ;
30:26 + 30:23 ( del. Co , intern. grounds); in general the wicked Pr 20:26 ; evil 20:8
; pt. ִים
= ְמזָרsubst. scatterers , epith. of winds Jb 37:9 ( cf. Qor 51:1); וְזֵרִיתִי
ֶפּרֶשׁ על־פניכם Mal 2:3 scatter dung on your faces (token of shame and curse); fig.
disperse knowledge (of lips) Pr 15:7 . 4. winnow, sift ( cf. Qal 2 ) only fig. אָ ְרחִי
וְ ִר ְבעִי זֵ ִ ֑רי ָת ψ 139:3 my path and my couch thou siftest ( Che ; Ba ZMG 1887, 607
† ִמזְרֶה S 4214
TWOT 579a
GK 4665
n. [ m. ] pitch-fork , with six prongs ( = )
used in winnowing, cf. Wetzst ZPV 1891, xiv. 2
זֹרֶה ָב ַרחַת
; for winnowing provender
וּבְם׳ Is 30:24 ; fig. for winnowing, i.e. chastising the people ְם׳
וָ ֶאזְרֵם בּJe 15:7 .
† זָרַחS 2224
TWOT 580
GK 2436
vb. rise, come forth ( NH id. , Assyrian zarâḫu
Dl Pr 180
דֿרחlofty, majestic (of king) and in cpd. n.pr. DHM ZMG 1875, 605; 1883,
; Sab.
327
Mordt ZMG 1876, 37 ) — Qal Pf. ז׳Dt 33:2 ψ 112:4 ; ר֑ח ָ ָ זIs 60:1 ; וְזָרַחconsec. Is
58:10 Ec 1:5 ; 3 fs. ָה זָרְֽחEx 22:2 + 3 times; וְזָֽ ְרחָהconsec. Mal 3:20 ; Impf.
יִזְרַח2 S 23:4 Is 60:2 ; יִזְ ָר֑חJb 9:7 ; וַיִּזְרַחGn 32:32 ; 3 fs. ִתּזְרַחψ 104:22 ; Inf.
cstr. ח ַ ֹ זְרJu 9:33 Jo 4:8 ; Pt. זוֹ ֵר ַחEc 1:5 ;— 1. rise: a. (of sun) Ju 9:33 Na 3:17
2 S 23:4 Jon 4:8 Jb 9:7 ψ 104:22 Ec 1:5 , 5 ; sq. עלEx 22:2 (JE), 2 K 3:22 ; sq.
ְלGn 32:32 ( J ). b. fig. , sq. ְל, ֶשׁמֶשׁ ְצ ָדקָהMal 3:20 ; of י׳, ִשּׂעִיר לָמוֹ ֵ וְזָרַח מDt
33:2 ; sq. על, Is 60:2 ( || כבוד י׳ ;) כבודו יראהIs 60:1 ; subj. אוֹר, fig. ( =
happiness, blessedness) Is 58:10 ψ 112:4 ( sq. ל ְ ). 2. come out, appear , of appearance
of leprosy ( ַת ) ַה ָצּ ַר֫ע2 Ch 26:19 .
֫זֶרS
† I. [ ַח 2225 , 2226
TWOT 580a
GK 2437 , 2438
] n. [ m. ] dawning, shining ;—
only fig. , ך
ְ זַ ְר ֵח נֹגַהּi.e. of Zion, Is 60:3 ( || ) אוֹר.
Mordt J. H. Mordtmann.
† II. ֫זֶרַחS 2225 , 2226 TWOT 580a
GK 2437 , 2438
n.pr. m. ( on form cf. Lg BN 77,
and Anm.
) — 1. Ζαρα , son of Judah and Tamar Gn 38:30 ; 46:12 (both J ), 1 Ch
2:4 ) ֑זָר,
(all ַח v 6 ; as head of a family Nu 26:20 Jos 7:1 (both P ), v 18 , 24
Listen 7
(JE), 22:20 ( P ) 1 Ch 9:6 ( L Ζηρα ), Ne 11:24 ( cf. Sm ). 2.
Edomites: a. Ζαρε Gn 36:13 , 17 (both P ) = 1 Ch 1:37 . b. Ζαρα Gn
36:33 ( P ) = 1 Ch 1:44 ( b = a ?). 3. L Ζαρα , Levites: a. ( var. Ιααρα ) 1
Ch 6:6 . b. ( var. Ζααραι ) 1 Ch 6:26 . 4. head of a Simeonite family, Ζαρα Nu
26:13 ( P ), 1 Ch 4:24 ( var. Ζαρες ) ( = צֹחַר Σααρ Gn 46:10 Ex 6:15 , cf.
Di Nu 26:13 ). 5. a Cushite, Ζαρε , foe of king Asa 2 Ch 14:8 .
† ֶאזְרָח S 249
TWOT 580b
GK 275
n. m. ψ 37 , 35 a native ( one arising from
the soil; = ‘free tribesman’ RS Sem i. 75
) — abs. א׳ Lv 19:34 + 13 times; cstr.
ֶאזְרַחEx 12:19 + 2 times;— 1. a native Israelite, usually coll. , c. art., הָא׳
בישׂראל כל־Lv 23:42 ( H ), cf. Nu 15:13 ( P ); elsewhere opp. ( גֵּרq.v. ):—
הָא׳ ִבּ ְבנֵי ישׂר׳Nu 15:29 ( P ), cf. Ez 47:22 ; ֶאזְרַח הָאָרֶץEx 12:19 , 48 Nu
9:14 (all P ); ֶם א׳ ִמכּLv 19:34 v. also 17:15 ; 18:26 ; 24:16 , 22 (all H ); Ex
12:49 Lv 16:29 Nu 15:30 (all P ), Jos 8:33 ( D ). 2. a native tree, growing in its
natural soil ענָן
ֲ א׳ ַרψ 37:35 ( fig. of prosperous wicked).
† ִמזְרָח S 4217
TWOT 580c
GK 4667
n. [ m. ] place of sunrise, east — abs. ם׳
Jos 11:3 + 21 times; cstr. ִמזְרַח Nu 21:10 + 19 times, c. ה loc. ִמזְ ָר֫חָה Ex 27:13
+ 28 times, cstr. ִמזְ ְרחָה Dt 4:41 Jos 12:1 Ju 21:19 (not in Gn Lv Sa Ez etc.);—
1. sunrise , always of quarter of the heavens = east ם׳ (ה)שׁמשׁNu 21:11 ( P ), Dt
4:41 , 47 Jos 1:15 ; 12:1 ; 13:5 (all D ), 19:12 , 27 , 34 (all P ), Ju 20:43 ;
21:19 2 K 10:33 Is 41:25 ; 45:6 ; 59:19 , cf. ם׳ שׁמשׁ לארץJu 11:18 ; ִז׳ ִממּ
שׁמשׁ וְעַד־מְבוֹאוֹψ 50:1 ; 113:3 Mal 1:11 ; more often 2. without ֶשׁמֶשׁ: a. the
east ְחֹק ם׳ ִמ ַמּ ֲע ָר֑ב ִבּרψ 103:12 . b. מִםּ׳from the east Is 41:2 ; 43:5 ( opp.
) ִמ ַמּ ֲערָב, 46:11 Dn 11:44 ( + וּ ִמ ַמּ ֲע ָר֑ב ִמצָּפוֹן וּ ִמיָּם מִםּ׳ ;) ִמצָּפוֹןψ 107:3 . c. to
or toward the place of sunrise, to the east, eastward: (1) ָה ִמזְ ָר֫חNu 32:19 ( P ), Dt
3:17 , 27 ( מנָה וּם׳ ֫ ָ ָפוֹנָה וְתֵי
֫ ) ֫יָמָּה וְצ, 4:49 Jos 11:8 ; 16:1 (JE), 12:1 , 3 ( ×2 ) ;
13:8 (all D ), v 27 , 32 ; 16:5 ; 18:7 ; 20:8 (all P ), 1 Ch 9:18 ; 26:14 ; || ָה ֵ ֫ק ְדמ
Nu 3:38 Jos 19:13 (both P ) Je 31:40 ; || ָפ֫וֹנָה צ, ֫יָמָּה, ֫נֶגְבָּה1 K 7:25 , cf. Jos
16:6 ( P ) 1 Ch 26:17 ; + ָה ֵ ֫ק ְדמEx 27:13 ; 38:13 Nu 2:3 ; 34:15 (all P ); ִמ ֶקּדֶם
Zc 14:4 ( opp. ָה ( ;) ֫יָמּ2) ( ִמזְרָחwithout הloc. ), ם׳ יָ֫מָּה צָפ֫וֹנָה וָנְֶ֫גבָּה1 Ch 9:24 ,
cf. Ne 12:37 ; ח ַ ם׳ ַל ִמּזְ ֵבּ2 Ch 5:12 ; (3) ַלמִּז׳1 Ch 5:9 ; 7:28 ( opp. ) ַל ַמּ ֲערָב
12:16 (so Baer; v 15 van d. H. ; opp. id. ), 26:17 ( + ָפ֫וֹנָה ַלצּ, ) ַלנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Ne
3:26 ; ָה ַל ִמּזְ ָר֫ח2 Ch 31:14 ; (4) אֶל־הַםּ׳Dn 8:9 ( + אֶל־ ַהנֶּגֶב, ( ;) אֶל־ ַה ֶצּ֑בִי5)
ִמיָּם עָד־יָם וּ ִמצָּפוֹן עַד־ ִמזְרָחAm 8:12 . d. (on) the east side of, cstr. ְקצֵה ִמזְרַח
יְרִיחוֹJos 4:19 ( P ); also c. ְל ִמזְרַח ַהנָּיְ֑א ְל1 Ch 4:39 , לְם׳ ַהיַּ ְרדֵּן6:63 ; c. מִן,
ִממִּז׳Jos 11:3 ( opp. ) ִמיָּםcf. 17:10 ( + ; ִמצָּפוֹןboth JE), also 16:6 ( P ). e. after
a cstr. פּנֵי ם׳ לגלעד ְ עַל־כָּל־1 Ch 5:10 ; רְחוֹב הַםּ׳2 Ch 29:4 ; ַשׁעַר הַםּ׳Ne
3:29 ; ֶץ ם׳ ֶארZc 8:7 ( opp. ַשּׁמֶשׁ ארץ מְבוֹא ֶ ) ה.
†[ זָרַםS 2229
TWOT 581
GK 2441 , 2442
] vb. pour forth in floods, flood away (
Assyrian zarâmu, overwhelm , VR 36, 57 c Dl Pr 73
& in Zim BP 119
) — Qal Pf. 2 ms.
sf. זְ ַר ְמתָּםψ 90:5 thou floodest them with rain, sweepest them (men) away . Po. Pf. 3
pl. זֹרְמוּ ַמ֫יִם עָבוֹת
֫ ψ 77:18 the cloud masses ( Che ) poured forth water .
† ֫זֶרֶםS 2230 TWOT 581a
GK 2443
n. m. Hb. 3:10 flood of rain, rain-storm,
† I. זָרַעS 2232
TWOT 582
GK 2445
vb. sow, scatter seed ( NH id. ; Assyrian zirû
TP Prism vi. 15
; Arabic ; Aramaic , ַע
; זְרEthiopic but in Sab. דֿרא DHM ZMG 1883, 15
and
in n.pr. , Id. in MV 10 , pp. 242, 983
) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. זָרַעJu 6:3 ; 1 s. וְזָ ַר ְע ִתּ֫יJe
31:27 ; sf. ה ָ וּזְ ַר ְעתִּיconsec. Ho 2:25 ; 3 pl. זָֽרְעוּJe 12:13 ; 2 mpl. זְ ַר ְעתֶּםHg
1:6 ; ֶם וּזְ ַר ְעתּconsec. Gn 47:23 + 2 times; Impf. יִזְ ָר֑עEc 11:4 ; וַיִּזְרַעGn 26:12 ; sf.
וַיִּזְ ָר ֶע ָהJu 9:45 ; 1 s. ֶאזְ ְרעָהJb 31:8 ; sf. וְ ֶאזְ ָרעֵםZc 10:9 , etc.; Imv. ms. זְרַעEc
11:6 ; mpl. ְעוּ זִרHo 10:12 + 2 times; Inf. ִלזְרֹ ַעIs 28:24 ; Pt. act. זֹ ֵר ַעIs 55:10
+ 3 times; ע ַ זוֹ ֵרPr 22:8 Je 50:16 , etc.; Pt. pass. sm. זָ ֻר ַעψ 97:11 (but v. infr. ); f.
זְרוּעָהJe 2:2 ;— 1. lit. sow: a. abs. sow (seed), do one’s sowing Ju 6:3 Gn 26:12 ( J
), Is 28:24 (after ploughing ְעוּ וקצרו ונטעו ;) חרשׁ כרמים זִרIs 37:30 = 2 K 19:29 ;
|| קצרalso Mi 6:15 Lv 25:11 ( H ), Ec 11:4 : || אסףLv 25:20 ( H ); opp. אכלJb
31:8 ; ֵי על־כל־מים זֹ ְרעIs 32:20 (on cstr. cf. Ges § 130, 1 ); c. את־השּׁנה הַשׁמינִת
Lv 25:22 ; sq. ֵה ַה ְרבּHg 1:6 ( opp. ) ָהבֵא ְמ ָ ֑עט. b. c. acc. of land אדמהEx 23:10
(JE; || ) אסף, Gn 47:23 ( J ); filed ( ) שׂדהLv 25:3 ( || ) אסף, cf. v 4 ψ 107:37 ; as
pt. pass. ָה ֶארֶץ לֹא קְרוּעJe 2:2 ( || ) ִמ ְדבָּר. c. c. acc. of seed ז׳ אֶת־זַ ְר ֲע ָךDt
11:10 , cf. 22:9 Je 35:7 Lv 26:16 ( H ) Ec 11:6 ; sq. ִים ִחטּJe 12:13 ( || ;) קצרcf.
also ֵי ַשּׂדֶה בִּכּוּר ָ ֲשׂי ָך אשׁר תזרע בּ ֶ ַמעEx 23:16 (JE). d. sq. 2 acc. לֹא תזרע ַכּ ְר ְמ ָך
ְאָיִם֑ ִכּלDt 22:9 ; cf. ָשׂ ְד ָך לֹא ִתזְרַע ִכּלְאַיִםLv 19:19 ( H ); זַ ְר ֲע ָך אשׁר־תזרע
את־האדמהIs 30:23 ; also of destroyed city וַיִּזְ ָר ֶע ָה ֶמ֑לַהJu 9:45 . e. pt. act. as
subst. ע ַ זוֹ ֵרJe 50:16 ( || לַזֹּ ֵר ַע ;) תֹּפֵשׂ ַמגָּל ְבּעֵת קָצירIs 55:10 ( || ) לָאֹכֵל. 2. of
shrub and tree producing, yielding seed , c. acc. cogn. Gn 1:29 ( ×2 ) ( P ), cf. Hiph. 3.
fig. : a. of Yahweh’s sowing (planting) Isr. in the land ָארץ וזרעתיה לי בHo 2:25 (
We וזרעתיהו, obj. being Jezreel); on the other hand ִים
ָבּ ַעמּ וְ ֶאזְ ָרעֵם Zc 10:9 . b. c.
2 acc. , of Yahweh’s fructifying Isr. and Judah בהמה וזרעתי את־בית ישׂראל ואת־ב׳
יהודה זֶרַע אדם וזרעJe 31:27 . c. of moral action, ִל ְצ ָדקָה זִרְעוּ ָלכֶםHo 10:12 ( ||
ז׳צדקה ;) קצדPr 11:18 ; אֶל־קֹצִים אַל־ ִתּזְרְעוּJe 4:3 sow not in among thorns (said
of a few righteous deeds amid much wickedness); especially of evil-doing ח יזרעו ַ רוּ
֑ וְסוּ ָפתָה יִקHo 8:7 ; זֹ ְרעֵי ָעמָלJb 4:8 ( || זוֹ ֵר ַע ַעוְלָה יקצור־אָוֶן ;) קצרPr 22:8
ְצֹרוּ
. d. of Israel’s practising idolatry ַת זָר ִתּזְ ָר ֶע֑נּוּ זְמֹרIs 17:10 (2 acc. ) e. יִקְצֹ֑רוּ
הזרעים בדמעה ְבּ ִרנָּהψ 126:5 metaph. of distress followed by joy. f. אוֹר זָ ֻר ַע ַל ַצּדִּיק
ψ 97:11 read prob. ַח זָר, Vrss Ol Hu Bae Che al.
Niph. be sown, fructified , Pf. 3 fs. וְנִזְ ְרעָהconsec. Nu 5:28 ; 2 mpl. וְנִזְ ַר ְעתֶּם
consec. Ez 36:9 ; Impf. 3 ms. ַע יִזָּרNa 1:14 ; יִזָּ ֵ ֑ר ַעDt 21:4 Lv 11:37 ; 3 fs. ִתּזָּרַע
Dt 29:22 ;— 4. be sown: a. subj. ֶץ ֶאר, לֹא תִזּ׳ ולא ַתּ ְצ ִמ ַחDt 29:22 , cf. (of נַחַל
בּוֹ ולא יִזּ׳ לא יֵָעבֵד ) אֵיתָןDt 21:4 ; in address to ָהרֵי ישׂראל, וְנֶ ֱע ַב ְדתֶּם וְנִזְ ַר ְעתֶּםEz
36:9 . b. subj. ַע זֶר, אשׁר יִזָּ ֵר ַע זֶרַע זֵרוּ ַעLv 11:37 ( P ); fig. ִשּׁ ְמ ָך עוֹד ִ לֹא יִזּ׳ מNa
1:14 no more of thy name be sown , in judgment against Nineveh. 5. be fructified, made
וְנִזְ ְרעָה זָ֑רNu 5:28 ( P ; of woman). Pu. Pf. 3 pl. זֹ ָר֑עוּIs 40:24 of
pregnant ַע
princes and judges under fig. of trees ( || טּ֑עוּ
ָ ִ נ, גִּזְעָם ) שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ. Hiph. Impf. 3
fs. ַתּזְרִי ַע Lv 12:2 ; Pt. ַמזְרִי ַע Gn 1:11 , 12 ;— 1. produce seed , of herb, c. acc.
cogn. Gn 1:11 , 12 ; appar. denom. from ַע
; זֶרcf. Qal 2. 2. of a woman, = bear a
child ָר
ַתּזְרִי ַע וְיָֽ ְלדָה זָכLv 12:2 .
†[ע
ַ ֹ ] זֵרn. [ m. ] vegetable ( cf. foregoing; on this and foll. cf. Bev Dn 62, and n.
2
) —only pl. מִן־ ַהזֵּרֹעִים Dn 1:12 .
† [ ְעֹן
זֵֽרTWOT 582d
] n. [ m. ] id. , only pl. זֵֽרְעֹנִים Dn 1:16 .
†[ זָרַףS 2222
TWOT 584 , 584a
GK 2449
] vb. prob. drip ( cf. either Arabic shed
tears, or Aramaic imber vehemens )— Hiph. ִיף
יַזְרread in ψ 72:6 by Hup Bi Che
(for רזִיף
ְ ַ ) זsq. ֑אָרֶץcause to drip, irrigate .
† זָרַקS 2236
TWOT 585
GK 2450 , 2451
vb. to toss or throw (in a volume), scatter
abundantly ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַק
זְרid. , disperse; Assyrian zarâḳu Lotz TP 138
Jäger
BAS ii. 292 Anm.
; cf. also Arabic cast at, pierce , and javelin = Ethiopic ) — Qal Pf. ז׳
Ex 24:6 Lv 17:6 , sf. זְרָקוֹ Ex 9:8 , ָה
זָֽ ְרקHo 7:9 (12 times Pf. ); Impf. יִזְרֹק Lv
† ִמזְרָק S 4219
TWOT 585a
GK 4670
n. m. Nu 7:84 bowl, bason (proposes
vessel for throwing or tossing a liquid); ם׳Nu 7:13 + 13 times, pl. ִמזְ ָרקִיםZc
14:20 , cstr. ִמזְ ְרקֵי Nu 7:84 + 2 times, ָקוֹת
ִמזְרNe 7:70 + 9 times, ָקֹת ִמזְרEx
38:3 + 2 times, sf. ָיו ִמזְרְקֹתEx 27:3 ;— 1. bowl for wine Am 6:6 . 2. elsewhere
for use in ritual of sacrifice: a. for use at altar Ex 27:3 ; 38:3 Nu 4:14 (all P ), 1 K
7:40 ; 45 Je 52:18 Zc 9:15 ; 14:20 . b. given by the princes full of flour mingled
with oil for a מנחהNu 7:13 , 19 , 25 , 31 , 37 , 43 , 49 , 55 , 61 , 67 , 73 , 79 ,
84 , 85 ( P ). c. golden basons for use in the temple 1 K 7:50 2 K 12:14 ; 25:15 1
Ch 28:17 2 Ch 4:8 , 11 , 22 Je 52:19 . d. golden basons for the second temple Ne
7:70 .
†[ זָרַרS 2237
TWOT 586
GK 2452 , 2453
] vb. only Po. sneeze ( cf.
זְרִירוֹ(ה)י
Jb 41:10 f or Heb. ; ֲעטִישֹׁתָיוvb. prob. onomatop. ) ;— וַיְזוֹרֵר ַהנַּעַר עד שׁבע
פעמים2 K 4:35 . וַיְזוֹרֵר2 K 4:35 om. Gr Bur think MT arose (by dittogr.)
from ַר
וַיִּגְהַר עַל־ ַהנַּע.
Bur C. F. Burney.
Vull J. A. Vullers, Lexicon Persico-Latinum.
† ֫זֶרֶתS 2239 TWOT 587
GK 2455
n. f. span ( NH id. (
זַ ְרתָּא, Syriac ;
appar. from Heb. ), etym. dub. ; Thes and most der. from √ זרה, vid. Ol § 146 b
but also Sta § 187 a ; Ba ZMG 1887, 607 proposes √ זרהmeasure off, determine , cf. p.
280 ) — span , as standard of measurement, ֵן ָשׁ ַמיִם בַּז׳ ִתּכּIs 40:12 ; elsewhere of
actual size, a span , distance between ends of thumb and little finger of spread hand;
= ½ cubit ( v. ָה & אַמּreff.; cf. Ex 25:10 with Joseph Ant . iii. 6, 5 ), ז׳Ex 28:16 (
† זַתּוּאS 2240 GK 2456 n.pr. m. head of a family of returned exiles Ezr 2:8 =
Ne 7:13 ; cf. also Ezr 10:27 Ne 10:15 .
ח
ח, Ḥêth , 8th letter; = numeral 8 in post Biblical Hebrew.
[ חֹבS 2243 , 4224
TWOT 589a
GK 2460 , 4675
], ִי
ֻחבּv. sub חבב.
†[ ָחבָאS 2244
TWOT 588
GK 2461
] vb. withdraw, hide (not in Qal ); cf. also
( חבה NH id. ; Arabic ; Ethiopic Assyrian ḫabû Dl Pr 175
; Ethpa. hide oneself ) —
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶ ְחבָּא Ju 9:5 + 1 S 10:22 2 S 17:9 (both may be pt. ); ת
ָ נַ ְחבֵּאGn
וְנַחconsec. 1 S 19:2 ; נֶ ְחבְּאוּ־Jos 10:27 ; נֶ ְח ָ ֑בּאוּJb 29:8 , 10 ; Impf. 2 ms.
31:37 ; ְ׳
ֵתּ ָחבֵא Jb 5:21 ; Inf. cstr. ֵה ָחבֵא 2 Ch 18:24 Dn 10:7 ; Pt. pl. ( cf. also supr. )
נֶ ְח ְבּאִים
Jos 10:17 , etc.— hide oneself in fear Gn 3:10 ( J ), Jos 10:16 , 17 , 27 (all
JE), Ju 9:5 1 S 19:2 2 S 17:9 Am 9:3 2 Ch 18:24 Dn 10:7 ; from modesty 1 S
ַ ֹ ָ ֫למָּה נַ ְחבֵּא ָת ִל ְברGn 31:27 ( E ), i.e. why didst thou flee
10:22 ; cf. Jb 29:8 ; also ח
secretly? pass. , be hidden Jb 29:10 ב֑אוּ קול נְגִידִים
ָ ולשׁונם ְל ִחכָּם ָדּ ֵב֑קָה || ( נֻ ְח, cf.
also v. 9 ) i.e. in reverence, = hushed (so we speak of a veiled voice); be hidden for
protection ָשׁוֹן בִּשׁוֹט לJb 5:21 . Pu. Pf. 3 pl. ֻחבְּאוּhave been hidden ( = are made to
hide themselves, Di ad loc. ) Jb 24:4 . Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. ֶה ְחבִּיאָ֑נִיIs 49:2 ; 3 fs.
֔ ֶה ְחבּJos 6:17 , cf. Ges § 75, Rem. 21 a Kö i . 624 ff. etc.;
ְאַתָֿה Impf. ֵם וַיַּ ְחבִּיא1 K 18:4 ;
3 fs. ִא וַ ַתּ ְחבּ2 K 6:29 ; וָאַ ְחבִּא1 K 18:13 ;— hide , trans. , c. acc. Jos 6:17 , 25 1
K 18:4 , 13 2 K 6:29 ; metaph. , of divine protection Is 49:2 ְבּצֵל יָדוֹ ה׳. Hoph. Pf.
be hidden בּאוּ ֑ ָ ָה ְחIs 42:22 ( ) ְבּ ָבתֵּי כלאים, i.e. imprisoned. Hithp. Pf. ִה ְת ַחבְּאוּ1 S
14:11 ; Impf. ֵא יִ ְת ַחבּ1 S 23:23 ; וַיִּתְ׳Gn 3:8 ; יִ ְת ַח ָ ֑בּאוּJb 38:30 ; וַיִּ ְת ַחבְּאוּ1 S 13:6 ;
Pt. ֵא ִמ ְת ַחבּ2 K 11:3 + 2 times; ִמ ְת ַח ְבּאִים1 S 14:22 1 Ch 21:20 ;— 1. draw back,
hide oneself , usually c. בּ ְ loc. ; Gn 3:8 ( J ), 1 S 13:6 ; 14:11 , 22 ; 23:23 2 K 11:3
1 Ch 21:20 2 Ch 22:9 , 12 . 2. draw together, thicken, harden , of water becoming ice
Jb 38:30 ַ׳ כאבן
מים יִ ְתח.
† [ ֲבֹא
ַמחS 4224
TWOT 588a , 588b
GK 4676
] n. [ m. ] id. , pl. abs. אשׁר
יתחבא שׁם מִכֹּל ַה ַמּחֲבֹאִים 1 S 23:23 .
†[ ָחבַבS 2245
TWOT 589
GK 2462
] vb. love ( NH Pi. id. ; Arabic be loved;
Ethiopic amore alicujus incendi Di ; Aramaic kindle, be set on fire , , ֵב
ַחבּlove, embrace
, ָא
חוּבּbosom ) — Qal Pt. חֹבֵב ַעמִּים אַף Dt 33:3 ( Di reads ַמּוֹ
ע, cf. ).
† חֹבָב S 2246
GK 2463
n.pr. m. (
; חבWe Skizzen iii, 171. 217
cf. Ph. n.pr.
suggests compar. with serpent ) —son of Reuel, ֵן חֹתof Moses ( v. ) חתן, Nu
10:29 (JE), Ju 4:11 ; ins. ח׳prob. also Ju 1:16 , v. GFM .
† ֻחבָּה S 3160
GK 2465
n.pr. m. a descendant of Asher, 1 Ch 7:34 (read ָה
וְ ֻחבּ,
so Qr ; > Kt ) יְ ֻחבָּה.
†[ ָחבָהS 2247
TWOT 590
GK 2464
—; חבאQal Imv.
] vb. withdraw, hide , cf.
ms. ִי
ֲחבIs 26:20 (Aramaic form, Ol § 235, 3 Ew § 224 c Du ; Di reads ) ֲחבֵה = ֲחבֵי,
withdraw into privacy ( || ך
ָ ) בֹּא ַב ֲח ָדרֶי. Niph. Pf. וְנֶ ְחבָּהconsec. Je 49:10 ; וְנַ ְח ֵבּתֶם
consec. Jos 2:16 (JE); Inf. ֵה ( ְל ֵה ָחבas ́ ) ל׳א1 K 22:25 2 K 7:12 ; withdraw, hide
oneself , lit. Jos 2:16 (JE), sq. ָה ; ָשׁמּ2 K 7:12 c. ְבּloc. ; 1 K 22:25 ; of Esau =
Edom, hiding from judgment of י׳, כ֑ל ָ וְנֶ ְחבָּה לֹא יוּJe 49:10 , as pointed, meant no
doubt as pf. , but constr. then hard; read rather inf. abs. ְבֹּה ; נַחso Gf Gie al. ( v.
i . 624
Kö ).
† ֶחבְיוֹן S 2253
TWOT 590a
GK 2470
n. [ m. ] hiding, hiding-place , or < veil,
envelope , only cstr. ֻזֹּה
ע ְשׁם ח׳
ָו Hb 3:4 ( < S Hi - St Gr ְשׂם
ָ וand he
maketh , cf. ψ 18:12 ).
† ֲח ָביָה n.pr. m. head of a priestly family Ezr 2:61 = Ne 7:63 ( van d. H. Ezr
; ֲח ַביָּהNe ֳח ָביָה, marg. ; ֳח ַביָה cf. Baer’s note on Ezr 2:61 ; Ezr Λαβεια ,
L Ωδουια , A Οβαια , Ne Εβεια , L Αβια , אΑβεια ).
†[ ] ָחבֵטvb. beat off, beat out ( NH id. , strike, beat , Arabic , Aramaic , ) ֲחבַט
— Qal Impf. יַחְבֹּט Is 27:12 ; 3 fs. וַ ַתּחְבֹּט Ru 2:17 ; 2 ms. ַתּחְבֹּט Dt 24:20 ;
Pt. חֹבֵטJu 6:11 ;— 1. beat off , זֵי ְת ָךDt 24:20 . 2. beat out (grain), Gideon חֹבֵט
ִחטִּים ַבּגַּתJu 6:11 , so Ru 2:17 , of small quantities;—distinct from threshing on open
floor, with cattle; fig. of ’ י׳s judgment, and subsequent gathering of Isr. Is 27:12 (no
obj. expr.), so Che Di Du ; Ges Hi Kn Brd place sub 1 ; VB undecided.
constr. construction.
ֲח ָביָה, ֲח ַביָּה, ֳח ָביָה v. sub חבה.
ֶ ֗חבְיוֹן S 2253
TWOT 590a
GK 2470
v. sub חבה.
† I. [ ָחבַלS 2254
TWOT 592 , 592a , 593 , 594 , 595 , 596
GK 2471 , 2472 , 2473
] vb. bind,
pledge ( Arabic bind; cf. Aramaic travail; ַל
ֲחבpledge (but rare and dub. ); especially
cord, field , ָא
ַח ְבלcord , , ֶח ְבלָאpain , especially of travail; Sab. חבלborder-territory ,
or field , SabDenkm 48.49 ; Ethiopic Zim BP 93 n. , comp. Assyrian naḫbalu , rope, snare
) — Qal Pf. ָח ָב֑לEz 18:16 Impf. יַחֲבֹלDt 24:6 ; 2 ms. ַתּחֲבֹלDt 24:17 ; ַתּחְבֹּל
יַ ְחבּJb 24:3 ; יַחְבֹּ֑לוּJb 24:9 ; Imv. sf.
Ex 22:25 Jb 22:6 ; ְלוּ ַח ְבלֵהוּPr 20:16 ;
27:13 ; Inf. abs. ָבֹל חEx 22:25 ; Pt. act. חֹ ֵבלDt 24:6 , cf. חֹ ְבלִיםZc 11:7 , 14
(name of ֵל ;) ַמקּpass. ֲח ֻבלִיםAm 2:8 ;— 1. bind , only in חֹ ְבלִים, name of one of
Zec.’s symbolic staves, Zc 11:7 , 14 symbol. of fraternity. Especially 2. bind by taking
a pledge of, hold by a pledge , sq. acc. pers. Pr 20:16 ; 27:13 Jb 22:6 ; take or hold in
pledge , sq. acc. rei Ex 22:25 (JE), Dt 24:6 ( ×2 ) , 17 Jb 24:3 ; sq. acc. cogn.
חֲבֹלEz 18:16 ; עַל־ ָענִי יַחְבֹּ֑לוּJb 24:9 prob. pregn. ( v. Di ) take pledges (getting
power) over the poor; ִים
ֲח ֻבל ְבּגָדִים Am 2:8 garments taken in pledge . Niph. Impf.
יֵ ָח֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 becometh pledged to it (i.e. pledged to pay the penalty, opp. ְשׁ ָלּ֑ם
ֻ ) י,
so Ew Hi De Now Str RV m
VB . > sub II. ַל
ָחבq.v. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. ִח ְבּלָהCt 8:5
;ך
ָ ִח ְבּ ַל ְתCt 8:5 ; Impf. יְ ַחבֶּל־ψ 7:15 ;— writhe, twist , hence travail; of mother Ct
8:5 ( ×2 )
( c. acc. ָ ;) יְָל ָד֑ ְתmetaph. of wicked man יְ ַחבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְ ָהרָה ָעמָל
of child; || ך
וְיָלַד ָשׁׁקֶר ׃ ψ 7:15 .
ֶ ֫חבS
† I. ֶל 2256
TWOT 592b , 594a
GK 2474 , 2475 , 2476
n. m. Jos 2:14 f. † Zp 2:6
ֵ ֫חב
(but v. infr. ) cord, territory, band ; ח׳abs. Jos 2:15 + ; cstr. Dt 3:4 + , ֶל
Jos 19:29 ; sf. ַחבְלוֹJb 18:10 ; pl. ֲח ָבלִים2 S 8:2 + 10 times + Ez 47:13 Jb 21:7
v. infr. ; cstr. ֵי ַח ְבלJos 17:5 + 5 times; ֶח ְבלֵיψ 116:3 + 4 times + ψ 18:5 (read
משׁברי v. infr. ); sf. ךְִ ֲח ָב ָל֑יIs 33:23 ; ֲח ָבלָיוIs 33:20 ;— 1. cord, rope , by
which men were lowered Jos 2:15 (JE), Je 38:6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , or stones dragged 2
S 17:13 ; of tents Is 33:20 ; tackling of ship v 23 ; for binding Ez 27:24 Jb 40:25
Est 1:6 ; symbol of captivity or subjection 1 K 20:31 , 32 ; fig. of snare for wicked
Jb 18:10 ( || כּדְתּוֹ
ֻ ) ַמ ְל, set by wicked ψ 140:6 ( || ;) פַּחψ 119:61 cords of wicked
men have surrounded me; of wicked held ָאתוֹ
ַחטּ ַשּׁ֑וְא
בחבלי Pr 5:22 ; ח׳
ָ הIs 5:18
cords ( ropes ) of wickedness ( || ֲבוֹת ֑ ) Jb
;) ָה ֲעגָלָה ַכּעof cords of distress ( עֹנִי
36:8 ( || ִים
;) זִקּso ָמוֶת ( ֶח ְבלֵיprob.) ψ 116:3 , ֶח ְבלֵי שׁאוֹלψ 18:6 = 2 S 22:6 ( ||
ְשׁי ָמוֶת ֵ —;) מוֹקfor ֶח ְבלֵי מותψ 18:5 read ִשׁ ְבּרֵי ְ מ, v. 2 S 22:5 and || נַ ֲחלֵי
ְב ִליַּעַל, De Che Bae ; to draw ְבּ ַח ְבלֵי אָדָםHo 11:4 (i.e. humanely , kindly); of
cord of life ֶף ֶחבֶל ַה ֶכּסEc 12:6 . 2. measuring-cord, line ח׳ ִמדָּהZc 2:5 ; so ח׳
alone 2 S 8:2 ( ×3 ) Am 7:17 Mi 2:5 ψ 78:55 ; fig. (of favoured life) ψ 16:5 ; in
gen. of one’s portion, fortune Jb 21:17 according to Thes Add. Ew Di al. ,
but < v. ֵחבֶל. Thence 3. measured portion, lot, part, region , ח׳ נַ ֲחלָהinherited
portion Dt 32:9 1 Ch 16:18 = ψ 105:11 ; also ח׳alone Jos 17:5 , 14 ; 19:9 Ez
47:13 ( ; חבליםB read as dual, v. Ew Sm Da al. ; Co del. on intern.
grounds); of particular regions ְגֹּב ח׳ אַרDt 3:4 , 13 , 14 1 K 4:13 ; ח׳ אַ ְכזִיבJos
19:29 ( si vera l. , v. WMM Asien 194 ); היָּם
ַ ח׳Zp 2:5 ; also v 6 , but היתה ח׳
here dub. ; Sta proposes 2 fs. היִת ָ , and del. ; ח׳ היםwithout הים, v 7 . 4.
band, company of prophets 1 S 10:5 , 10 .— II. בל ֶ ֶחv. sub II. ָחבַל.
† ֵ ֫חבֶל S 2256
TWOT 592b , 595a
GK 2474 , 2477
n. m. Is 66:7 (but v. Je 49:24 )
† חֲבֹל S 2258
TWOT 593a
GK 2478
n. [ m. ] pledge ( as binding ) — ח׳ ָשׁיב
ִי
Ez 18:12 ; 33:15 ; as cogn. acc. c. ָחבַל Ez 18:16 .
† [ ָה
חֲבֹלS 2258
TWOT 593a
GK 2481
] n. f. id. ( on format. cf. Lg BN 179
)—
חֲבֹלָתוֹ Ez 18:7 .
† ִחבֵּל S 2260
TWOT 592d
GK 2479
n. [ m. ] prob. mast ( as corded or roped in
place; denom. from ֶל
— ) ֶחבonly in sim. of drunken man ח׳ שֹׁכֵב בְּרֹאשׁ Pr
† חֹבֵל S 2259
TWOT 592c
GK 2480
n. m. sailor ( denom. from ֶל
; ֶחבi.e. rope -
ַ חֹ ְבלֵיEz 27:29 ; חֹ ְב ָל֑יְִךEz 27:8 , 27 , 28 ; coll.
puller ) — היָּם רַב הַחֹבֵלi.e.
the captain Jon 1:6 .
† [ ָה
] ַתּ ְח ֻבּלn. f. direction, counsel ( prob. orig. of rope -pulling, i.e. steering,
directing a ship, v. חֹבֵל, so Thes ; v. De Pr 1:5 ) ;—only pl. and only
WisdLt . ֻלוֹת ַתּ ְחבּabs. Pr 1:5 + 3 times; cstr. Pr 12:5 ; sf. ת֯ו
ָ ֹ ַתּחְבּוּלJb 37:12
— direction, guidance (i.e. by God) Jb 37:12 (of thunder cloud); counsels of wicked
( ) רשׁעיםPr 12:5 ( opp. ְשׁבוֹת צדיקים ְ ;) ַמחgen. good, wise counsels Pr 1:5 ;
11:14 ( || ֵץ
יוע ) רֹב, 24:6 ( || id. ); 20:18 ( || ָה
) ֵעצ.
†[ ָחבַקS 2263
TWOT 597
GK 2485
] vb. clasp, embrace ( NH id. ;
ֹ; ַחבֵּק
Mand. . , NSyr. ; Arabic II. collect one’s possessions, etc., Frey ) — Qal Inf. ֲבוֹק ַלחEc
3:5 ; Pt. ֵק חֹבEc 4:5 ; חֹ ֶבקֶת2 K 4:16 ;— embrace , c. acc. בֵּן2 K 4:16 ; יָדָיוEc
4:5 (said of ִיל = ַה ְכּסfold his arms, i.e. be idle; cf. ;) ִחבֻּקno obj. expr. Ec 3:5 ( || Pi
). Pi. Pf. ְקוּ ִחבּJb 24:8 La 4:5 ; Impf. וַיְ ַחבֵּקGn 48:10 ; וַיְ ַחבֶּק־Gn 29:13 ;
וַיְ ַח ְבּקֵהוּGn 33:4 ; 3 fs. sf. ְתּ ַח ְבּ ֵ ֫קנִיCt 2:6 ; 8:3 ; 2 ms. וּ ְת ַחבֵּקPr 5:20 , sf.
ְתּ ַח ְבּ ֶ ֫קנָּהPr 4:8 ; Inf. ַחבֵּקEc 3:5 ;— embrace of pers. , no obj. עת ִלרְחֹק ֵמ ַחבֵּק
Ec 3:5 ( || Qal ); sq. ל ְ Gn 29:13 ( J ), 48:10 ( E ); sq. sf. 33:4 ( J ), Pr 4:8 Ct 2:6
; 8:3 ; c. acc. Pr 5:20 ; embrace צוּרfor want of shelter Jb 24:8 (of poor); embrace
refuse-heaps אשׁפתותLa 4:5 , i.e. are outcasts.
† ִחבֻּק S 2264
TWOT 597a
GK 2486
n. [ m. ] a clasping, folding of the hands,
only cstr. ִשׁ ָכּ֑ב
ְ ְמעַט ח׳ יַָדיִם ל Pr 6:10 ; 24:33 ( cf. ָחבַקQal ).
† ֲחבַקּוּק S 2265
GK 2487
n.pr. m. the prophet Habakkuk Hb 1:1 ; 3:1 ;
Αμβακουμ ( Assyrian ḫambaḳûḳu is name of a plant, Dl HA 36, Pr 84
, so in Yemen
( Schweinfurth ) v. Hom Aufsätze u. Abh. 1892, 27, 28
).
ֶ ֫חבS
† I. ֶר 2267 , 2268
TWOT 598a
GK 2490 , 2491
n. [ m. ] company, association,
spell — abs. ָ ֑חבֶר Dt 18:11 + 2 times; cstr. ֶחבֶר Ho 6:9 ; pl. ֲח ָברִים ψ 58:6 , sf.
ֲח ָב ַריְִך Is 47:9 , 12 ;— 1. company, band of (bad) priests Ho 6:9 . 2. association,
society ( abstr. ), only in ֶר בֵּית ָח֑בPr 21:9 = 25:24 house of association , i.e.
shared with a contentious woman ( house in common , v. RV m VB ). 3. spell: a.
as acc. cogn. c. ַר ( ָחבq.v. ) Dt 18:11 ψ 58:6 . b. alone, of Babylonian magic Is
47:9 , 12 ( v. Len Chald. Magic [1878]; Magie u. Wahrsagekunst , 1878 ; Scholz Götzendienst u. Zauberwesen
, 1877, 80 ff.
Say TBA iii. 145 ff. and Rel. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff. ).
† ָחבֵר S 2270
TWOT 598c
GK 2492
adj. and n. m. Ct 8:13 , united, associate,
companion — ח׳abs. Pr 28:24 ψ 119:63 ; sf. ֲחבֵרוֹ Ec 4:10 ( + 3 times Ez Kt ;
Qr חבריו, v. infr. ); pl. ֲח ֵברִיםJu 20:11 Ct 8:13 ; cstr. ַח ְברֵיIs 1:23 ; sf.
ֲח ֵב ֶ ֑ר ָךψ 45:8 , ֲח ֵב ֶר֑י ָךCt 1:7 ; ֲח ֵברָיוIs 44:11 + 3 times Ez Qr ;— 1. adj. united
ְכּאִישׁ ֶאחָד ֲח ֵברִיםJu 20:11 knit together as one man ( AV RV ). 2. n. associate,
fellow: a. of children (tribes) of Isr. assoc. with Judah as head Ez 37:16 ; id. assoc.
with Joseph ( Ephr. ) as head v 16 , 19 (in all these read Qr ָיו ) ֲח ֵבר. b. of life
Len F. Lenormant.
TBA Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology.
rank ψ 45:8 . c. of like calling Ct 1:7 . d. worshippers (associates, belonging to the
society or guild) of idols Is 44:11 ( v. Che ; > others priests , Geiger Urschr, 121, 493 SS
, cf. ֶר
ֶחבHo 6:9 ; Du reads ֲח ָברִיםenchantments ). e. in gen. Ct 8:13 . f.
implying likeness of character Is 1:23 Pr 28:24 ψ 119:63 . 3. companion at a
particular time Ec 4:10 .
ֲח ֶב֫רS
† [ ֶת 2278
TWOT 598d
GK 2500
] n. f. consort , i.e. wife ך
ָ ֲח ֶב ְר ְתּ וְהִיא
ָ ְ֑בּרִי ֶת
Mal 2:14 ( || ך ֵשׁת
ֶ ) א.
† [ ָר
ַחבּS 2271
TWOT 598f
GK 2493
] n. m. associate, partner in a trade or
calling, only ִים
יִכְרוּ ָעלָיו ַח ָבּרJb 40:30 will partners (i.e. those engaged in the
catch) make traffic upon it (the crocodile)?
† חַבּוּרָה S 2250
TWOT 598g
GK 2467
, [ ָה
ַח ֻבּר, ] ֲח ֻברָהn. f. stripe, blow ;—
abs. חַבּ׳ Is 1:6 + 2 times; sf. ַח ֻבּ ָרתִי Gn 4:23 ; ָתוֹ
ֲח ֻברIs 53:5 ; pl. cstr. ַחבֻּרוֹת
Pr 20:30 ; sf. ת֑י
ָ ֹ חַבּוּרψ 38:6 :— stripe, blow, stroke , Gn 4:23 my blow , i.e. for
striking me ( J ), cf. Ex 21:25 ( ×2 ) (JE), also of injury to land of Judah (under fig.
of human body) Is 1:6 (all || ַע ֶפּצ, v. infr. ); of blows ( sg. coll. ) inflicted on
suffering servant of י׳Is 53:5 ; ( pl. ) ψ 38:6 , ַע
ֶפּצ ַחבֻּרוֹת Pr 20:30 , i.e. blows that
cut in ( || ַכּוֹת
) מ.
† [ ָה
ֲח ַב ְר ֻבּרS 2272
TWOT 598h
GK 2494
n. f. stripe, mark, only pl. sf.
ֲח ַב ְרבֻּרֹתָיו Je 13:23 of stripes on a panther (tiger? cf. עוֹרוֹ || —; נָמֵרof a
Cushite).
† I. ְרוֹן
ֶחבS 2275 , 5683
TWOT 598i
GK 2496 , 2497
n.pr.loc. Hebron ( association,
league ) — ח׳Gn 13:18 + ; c. ה loc. ֶחבְרוֹנָה Jos 10:36 + 6 times; ְרֹ֫נָה
ֶחב2 S
2:1 ;— Χεβρων ; mod. El-Ḫalîl ( v. Rob BR i. 213 f., ii. 73 ff. Guérin Judée iii. 214 ff. );
ancient city in southern Judah, where (or near which) Abr. built an altar Gn 13:18 ( J
), and where was a sanctuary in Dvd .’s time 2 S 15:7 , cf. ְח׳ לפני י׳ בּ2 S 5:3 =
1 Ch 11:3 ; built 7 yrs. bef. Ṣoan in Egypt according to Nu 13:22 b (JE); under a
Dvd David.
king Jos 10:3 , 5 , 23 (JE) 12:10 ( D ); assigned to Caleb Jos 14:13 , 14 (JED)
Ju 1:20 yet v. 1 Ch 6:40 ( cf. v 41 ); older name ריַת ְ ( ָה)אַ ְרבַּע ִקaccording to
Jos 14:15 (JED), cf. Gn 23:2 ; 35:27 Jos 15:54 ; 20:7 (all P ) Ju 1:10 b; v.
also Jos 15:13 ; 21:11 (both P ); called also ֵא
ַמ ְמרGn 23:19 (and 35:27 , both P
); a city of refuge Jos 21:13 ( P ) = 1 Ch 6:42 ; ֶק ח׳ ֵעמGn 37:14 ( J ); named
elsewhere Nu 13:22 a (JE) Jos 10:36 , 39 ; 11:21 (all D ) Ju 1:10 a; 16:3 2 S
2:32 ; 15:9 2 Ch 11:10 ; a resort of David, and for 7 yrs. his royal city 1 S 30:31 2
S 2:1 , 11 ; 3:2 , 5 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 27 , 32 ; 4:1 , 8 , 12 ( ×2 ) ; 5:1 , 3 , 13 1 K
2:11 1 Ch 3:1 , 4 ; 11:1 , 3 ; 12:24 , 39 ( van d. H. v 23 , 38 ) 29:27 ; read
also perhaps for תחתו2 S 3:12 , L εἰς Χεβρων , cf. Dr ; seat of Absalom’s
rebellion 2 S 15:10 ; ח׳ ָערֵי 2 S 2:3 abode of David’s men.
II. ֶחבְרוֹן
S 2275 , 5683 TWOT 598i GK 2496 , 2497 n.pr. m. ( Χεβρων ). 1.
grandson of Levi Ex 6:18 Nu 3:19 (both P ) = 1 Ch 5:28 = 6:3 , 23:12 , 19 ,
cf. 15:9 . 2. name in Caleb’s family 1 Ch 2:42 , 43 .
† ֶחבְרוֹנִי S 2276
GK 2498
, ִי
ֶחבְרֹנadj. gent. of II. ֶחבְרוֹן1 :—always c. art. as
subst. coll. ; ַחברוני
ל1 Ch 26:23 , 30 , 31 ( ×2 )
; ַחברני
ה משׁפחת Nu 3:27 ;
26:58 .
† [ ָה
ְמ ַח ְבּרS 4226
TWOT 598k
GK 4677
] n. f. binder, clamp, joint , only pl.
abs. ְרוֹת ְמ ַחבּ, of iron, clamps or the like, 1 Ch 22:3 ; of wood binder , or coupling ,
2 Ch 34:11 .
† חָבוֹר S 2249
GK 2466
n.pr. fl. called גּוֹזָן נְהַר 2 K 17:6 = 18:11 ; erron. 1 Ch
5:26 ; וְח׳ וְ ָהרָא וּנְהַר גּוֹזָן (Χ)αβωρ , Gk. Χαβωρας , etc., Assyrian Ḫabur ,
flowing into Euphrates from E . ( Dl Pa 183 ff.
KAT 2 275. 614
COT i. 267
); v. גּוֹזָן.
חבתTWOT 600
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic be obscure , IV. be lowly, submissive , low
ground . )
Zehnpfund R. Zehnpfund.
† ֲח ִבתִּים S 2281
TWOT 600a
GK 2503
n. [ m. ] pl. ( NH id. ) —some kind of
flat cakes , or bread-wafers , only ַח׳
ה ֲשׂה
ֵ ַמע 1 Ch 9:31 .
חגבTWOT 601
( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; poss. cf. Arabic prevent, intervene, hide
, that which veils, conceals, hides; Syriac shrine; hence locusts as concealing the sky? ) .
† I. ָב
ָחגS 2284 , 2285
TWOT 601a
GK 2506 , 2507
n. m. Ec 12:5 locust,
grasshopper ( NH id. ; cf. ) , prob. a non-flying species, v. Kn in Di Lv
11:22 ; חגָב
ָ ֶהallowed as food Lv 11:22 ( P ; || אַ ְרבֶּה, ָס ְלעָם, ) ַחרְגֹּל, ַכּ ֲחגָבִיםNu
13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Is 40:22 ; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חגָב ָ
ֶלאֱכוֹל חארץ2 Ch 7:13 ; ֶה ָחגָב וְיִ ְס ַתּבֵּלEc 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a
burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. ;) סבלDe thinks ח׳here fig. of the
back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic is point of hip-bone , Bö , cf. Lane ), and
refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Now ; but the meaning is dubious; v. other
views in Comm.
† ֲחגָבָא S 2286
GK 2508
n.pr. m. head of a family of returnng exiles Ne 7:48 ,
῾Αγαβα ( cf. also foregoing) prob. = following.
† ֲחגָבָה S 2286
GK 2509
n.pr. m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:47 ,
prob. = foregoing; ῾Αγαβα .
†[ ָחגַג S 2287 TWOT 602 GK 2510 ] vb. make pilgrimage,keep a pilgrim-feast (
Arabic betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca;
Sab. חגגmake pilgrimage SabDenkm 86, cf. 85 ; Syriac celebrate a feast . In Palm.
חגגוis n.pr. Vog No. 61
; cf. also Ph. n.pr. חגי, —; ) חגתQal Pf. 2 mpl. חַגֹּתֶם
Ex 12:14 + 2 times; Impf. 2 ms. תָּחֹג Ex 23:14 Dt 16:15 ; 3 mpl. יָח֫וֹגּוּψ 107:27
( Bö § 1118 (2)
); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּEx 5:1 ; 2 mpl. תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Lv 23:39 , 41 ; sf. ְתּ ָהגֻּ֫הוּEx 12:14 ;
Imv. f. ָחגִּי Na 2:1 ; Inf. cstr. חֹג Zc 14:18 + 2 times; Pt. חוֹגֵג ψ 42:5 ; pl.
חֹגֲגִים 1 S 30:16 ;— 1. keep a pilgrim-feast , abs. Ex 5:1 (JE) of one proposed by
Moses; רגלים תחג לי שׁלשׁthree times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the
year) Ex 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Na 2:1 , the Passover Ex 12:14
( P ); elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances;
המון חוגגψ 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חג חגג
Lv 23:39 ( H ), Nu 29:12 ( P ), Na 2:1 Zc 14:16 , 18 , 19 ; חג חגג אתו Ex 12:14 (
P ), Lv 23:41 ( H ); אתוֹLv 23:41 ( H ); sf. Ex 12:14 ( P ). 2. behave as at a ָג ח1S
30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David i.e. enjoying themselves merrily , Dr
; others, circling in the sacred dance ). 3. reel , in giddiness on the sea ψ 107:27 ( cf.
ָחגָּאIs 19:17 ); this either points to an earlier meaning of √ ; or better, the ψ being late,
means reel as from festival excesses ( || ַשּׁכּוֹר
ִכ ) וְיָנוּעוּ.
† חַג S 2282
TWOT 602a
GK 2504
n. m. Is 29:1 festival-gathering, feast,
pilgrim-feast ( NH id. ; Aramaic , חגָּא
ַ ; Arabic pilgrimage; Sab. חן DHM Epigr.
Denkm. 31
; Nö ZMG 1887, 719
; RS Proph. Lect. ii. n. 6
; > We Skizzen iii. 106, 165
sacred dance )
חabs. and cstr. Ex 10:9 + 36 times; ָ ֑חגNu 28:17 + 13 times; sf.
— ַג ַחגִּי Ex
֑ ָ ֶ ַחגּDt 16:14 ; ַחגָּהּHo 2:13 ; ַחגֵּנוּψ 81:4 ; pl.
23:18 ; ך ַחגִּים Is 29:1 + 2 times;
sf. ך
ְִ ַחַגּיNa 2:1 ; ַחגֵּיכֶםAm 5:21 + 2 times;— 1. feast , especially one observed by
a pilgrimage ( Ex 23:14 , 17 ): a. special feast to the golden calf Ex 32:5 ( J ; where
there was a sacred dance v 19 ); a feast in the 8th month observed by Jeroboam in
place of the feast of the 7th month in Judah 1 K 12:32 , 33 ; pilgrim feast proposed
by Moses Ex 10:9 (JE); feast at Shiloh Ju 21:19 . Elsewhere b. apparently always of
the three great pilgrim feasts, celebrated by processions and dancing: (1) in general
Is 30:29 Am 8:10 Na 2:1 ; חגים ינקפוlet feasts come round Is 29:1 ; || עצרות
Am 5:21 ; לי׳ חַג Lv 23:41 ( H ); disting. from the more gen. ( מועדיםsacred
seasons) Ez 45:17 ; 46:11 Ho 9:5 ( חג ) יום, and from specif. חדשׁים, שׁבתותas
well, Ho 2:13 ; (2) in particular: unleavened cakes and Passover חג (ה)מצותEx
23:15 = 34:18 (JE); Lv 23:6 ( P ), Dt 16:16 2 Ch 8:13 ; 30:13 , 21 ; 35:17
Ezr 6:22 ; חגEx 12:14 ( P ); first day of the seven Nu 28:17 ( P ); the last day Ex
13:6 ( J ); the seven Ez 45:21 , 23 ; חפסח חג Ex 34:25 , חגיEx 23:18 (both JE);
ַבּ ֶכּסֶה לְיּוֹם ַחגֵּנוּψ 81:4 (probably the full moon of Passover); חג הקצירEx 23:16
= חג שׁבעתEx 34:22 (JE), cf. Dt 16:10 , 16 2 Ch 8:13 ; חג האס(י)ףEx
23:16 = 34:22 (JE) = חג הסב(ו)תLv 23:34 ( P ), Dt 16:13 , 16 ; 31:10 2 Ch
8:13 Ezr 3:4 Zc 14:16 , 18 , 19 ; also חג י׳Lv 23:39 ( H ), ָג ֶהח1 K 8:2 , 65 =
2 Ch 5:3 ; 7:8 , 9 , Ez 45 Ne 8:14 ; ֑ך ָ ֶ( ַחגּi.e. of people) Dt 16:14 ; 7 days Nu
29:12 ( P ), Ne 8:18 .—Vbs. c. חגare: חגגLv 23:39 , 41 ( H ), Ex 12:14 Nu
29:12 ( P ), Na 2:1 Zc 14:16 , 18 , 19 ; שׁמרEx 23:15 = 34:18 (JE); התקדשׁ
Is 30:29 ; but usually עשׂהEx 34:22 (JE), Dt 16:10 , 13 1 K 8:65 ; 12:32 , 33 2
Ch 7:8 , 9 ; 30:13 , 21 ; 35:17 Ezr 3:4 ; 6:22 Ne 8:18 . 2. festival sacrifice ( cf.
NH חגִיגָה
ֲ ) ψ 118:27 (see מזבח12 ); Mal 2:3 ( RV after Thes Ke al. : but
AV Ew Or feast ).
† ָחגָּא S 2283
TWOT 602b
GK 2505
n. [ f. ] reeling ( Aramaism for חגהEw
§
173 b
, by copyist’s error Di ) — ָה … למצרים לח׳ וְהָֽיְתIs 19:17 and the land of
Judah shall become to Egypt a reeling , i.e. Egypt shall reel in terror at the sight of it (
|| ח֑ד
ָ ; יְִפthis meaning may either be from an orig. sense of חגג, or = be excited as
at a ָג
ח, cf. חנג3 ).
† ַי
ַחגּS 2292 GK 2516 n.pr. m. ( festal; Ph. חגי, ; חגתPalm. חגגוVog No. 61 )
—the prophet Haggai Hg 1:1 , 3 , 12 , 13 ; 2:1 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 20 Ezr 5:1 ; 6:14
; Αγγαι̂ος .
† ִי
ַחגּS 2291 GK 2515 n.pr. m. ( festal ) 1. Αγγις , son of Gad Gn 46:16
Nu 26:15 (both P ). 2. adj. gent. as subst. coll. , c. art. Nu 26:15 ( P ).
† ַחגִּית S 2294
GK 2518
n.pr. f. ( festal ) wife of David and mother of Adonijah 2
S 3:4 1 K 1:5 , 11 ; 2:13 1 Ch 3:2 ; Αγγιθ .
חגהTWOT 603
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic conceal; place of refuge, protection ) .
† [ גוִים
ָ ֲחS 2288
TWOT 603a
GK 2511
] n. m. pl. places of concealment,
retreats , as abode of dove ַע
ַה ֶסּל
יוֹנָתִי ְבּ ַחְגוֵיCt 2:14 (in metaph. ); also,
hyperbol., as abode of Edom כנִי בח׳ (ה)סלע ְ ֹ שׁJe 49:16 Ob 3 .
√ ( חגלof foll.; Arabic , hobble, hop , whence patridge , cf. Syriac , id. )
† ָחְגלָה S 2295
GK 2519
n.pr. f. ( = partridge , v. supr. ) —a daughter of
Ṣelophchad of Manasseh Nu 26:33 ; 27:1 ; 36:11 Jos 17:3 (all P ); ῾Εγλα , A
Αιγλα(μ) . On n.pr.loc. בֵּית ח׳ v. p. 111 b .
†[ ָחגַרS 2296
TWOT 604
GK 2520
] vb. gird, gird on, gird oneself ( NH id. ,
Aramaic חגַר
ֲ ; Arabic hinder, restrain , so Syriac ; Assyrian agâru, surround , in deriv.,
Dl W 105 ff.
; Sab. ( מחגרתcf. Arabic , enclosed space, district , etc.), DHM in MV ;
also n.pr. dei and loc. חגר, SabDenkm 3.81.93 CIS iv. 1, No. 49 etc. ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs.
חְָֽגרָהPr 31:17 ; 2 ms. ֫ וְ ָהַג ְר ָתּEx 29:9 ; 3 pl. חָֽגְרוּIs 15:3 La 2:10 ; וְח׳
consec. Ez 7:18 ; 27:31 ; Impf. 3 ms. ְגֹּר יַחLv 16:4 , וַיַּחְגֹּרLv 8:7 ( ×2 ) + 4 times;
ָ יַ ְחְגּ ֶ ֑רψ 109:19 ; 2 ms. ַתּחְגֹּרψ 76:11 (but on text v. infr. ); 3 mpl. יַ ְחגְּרוּ
sf. ה
Ez 44:18 2 S 22:46 (but on text of both v. infr. ), חגְּרוּ ְ ַ וַיּ1 S 25:13 1 K 20:32 ; 3
fpl. רנָה ְ ֹ ַתּחְגּψ 65:13 ; 2 mpl. וַ ַתּ ְחגְּרוּDe 1:41 ; Imv. ms. חֲגֹר2 K 4:29 ; 9:1 ,
חֲגוֹרψ 45:4 ; fs. ִחְגרִי־Je 6:26 ; mpl. ִחגְרוּ1 S 25:13 + 3 times; fpl. חֲגֹ ְרנָהJe
49:3 , cf. ָה ֲ ֖חגוֹרIs 32:11 ( v. infr. ); Inf. cstr. ַלחֲגֹרIs 22:12 ; Pt. act. חֹגֵר1
K 20:11 2 K 3:21 ; pass. m. ָגוּר חJu 18:11 + 5 times; f. cstr. ֲחֻגרַת־Jo 1:8 ; pl.
חֲגוּרִיםEx 12:11 Ju 18:16 ; ֲחֻגרִיםDn 10:5 ;— 1. trans. , gird some one, with girdle;
c. 2 acc. Ex 29:9 Lv 8:13 (both P ); pass. , girded with ephod ( acc. ) 1 S 2:18 2 S
6:14 ; sq. בּ
ְ Dn 10:5 , c. acc. and ְבּ, fig. Pr 31:17 , חגרה בְּעוז מחניהLv 8:7 ( ×2 )
( P ), c. acc. מתניםgird up thy loins , i.e. make ready to go 2 K 4:29 ; 9:1 , pass. Ex
12:11 ( P ); cf. prob. also צ֑יִם
ָ ֲ ֖חגוֹרָה עַל־ ֲח ָלIs 32:11 gird upon the loins (2nd acc.
om.); on verb. form as Imv. fpl. v. AE Ki Ew § 226 a Di Du ; > as ms. Ol § 234 a
Ges § 48. 5 Sta § 591 d Kö § 20. 12. 2. gird on, bind on ( = gird oneself with), a girdle ψ
109:19 (in sim. ); so especially c. acc. שׂק, שׂקיםof mourning Is 15:3 ; 22:12 La
2:10 Ez 7:18 ; 27:31 2 S 3:31 Je 4:8 ; 6:26 ; 49:3 ; also 1 K 20:32 ( c. acc. שׂק+
בbef. ;) מתניםpass. , sq. עלbef. obj. of mourning Jo 1:8 ( sim. ); abs. ( שׂקom.)
Jo 1:13 ( || ;) ספדוsq. ֶב
ֶחר1 S 25:13 ( ×3 ) Dt 1:41 ; ψ 45:4 ח׳ חרב על יָ ֵר ְך, so Ju
3:16 , 1 S 17:39 ( sq. acc. + ַל
;) ֵמעc. acc. cogn. ח׳ חגורה 2 K 3:21 ; abs. 1 K
20:11 ; pass. Ju 18:11 , 16 , 17 2 S 20:8 b (where read ֶב
ֶחר Klo Dr —not We ),
21:16 ; read perhaps also ָגוּר
חfor חֲגוֹר20:8 c, so Klo Dr . 3. intr. gird oneself , sq.
ְבּrei Lv 16:4 ( P ), so ביָּ֑זַע
ַ
לֹא יַח׳they shall not gird themselves with sweat (?) Ez
44:18 ( del. S Co Sgfr ); c. acc. rei ( fig. ) ַח׳ גִּיל גְּבָעוֹת תּψ 65:12 with rejoicing
the hills gird themselves; cf. ְ׳
ְשׁ ֵארִית חֵמֹת ַתּחψ 76:11 with a remnant ( residue ) of
wraths thou girdest thyself , so Hi Hup De VB ; but very doubtful; Bö ; Ew
ָ ֶ֑ ְתּ ָחגּfor ; תַּחגרBae Ka omit line as corrupt; cf. further Che and crit. n.—
read ך
וְיַ ְחגְּרוּ 2 S 22:46 is textual error for ְגוּ
וְיַ ְחר, cf. || ψ 18:46 ; so Now Hup Kit al.
† ֲגוֹר חS 2290 TWOT 604a GK 2512 n. [ m. ] belt, girdle ( distinct from אֵזוֹר
waist-cloth , Che Je, in Pulpit Comm. (1883) 333; Jerem , Life and Times (1888) 161 RS JQ Jan. 1882, 289 ff.
) — חֲגוֹרfor sword 2 S 20:8 (yet read prob. חָגוּר, Th We Klo Dr ), cf. 1 S
18:4 ; article of commerce Pr 31:24 ( coll. ? or of a richly adorned girdle?).
† [ ָגוֹר
חS 2289
TWOT 604b
GK 2513
] adj. girt, girded , only pl. cstr. ; חֲגוֹרֵי
אֵזוֹר Ez 23:15 girded with a waist-cloth .
† חֲגוֹרָה S 2290
TWOT 604a , 604c
GK 2512 , 2514
n. f. girdle loin-covering, belt —
חֲגוֹרָה Is 3:24 ; ָה
חֲגֹר2 S 18:11 2 K 3:21 ; sf. חֲגֹרָתוֹ1 K 2:5 ; Pl. חֲגֹרֹת
Gn 3:7 ;— girdle, loin-covering Gn 3:7 ( J ); as article of women’s dress Is 3:24 ;
belt of warrior 1 K 2:5 2 K 3:21 ( ) חֹגֵר ח׳, cf. 2 S 18:11 .—On ָה ֲ ֖חגוֹרIs 32:11
v. ָחגַר1 .
† ַמחֲגֹ֫רֶת S 4228
TWOT 604d
GK 4680
n. f. a girding, cincture , only cstr. ;
† ָחדַד S 2300 TWOT 605 GK 2523 ] vb. be sharp, keen ( Aramaic חדַד ֲ ; NH ִחדֵּד
Pr 174
sharpen; Arabic be sharp and sharpen; Assyrian uddudu, sharpen , Dl ; cf. I.
֫ וְחconsec. Hb 1:8 are keener than evening wolves
— ) ָחדָהQal Pf. ַדּוּ ִמזְּ ֵאבֵי ֶערֶב
(of impetuous Chaldean horses). Hiph. ֵד
( ֵהחChe Or Brd ) or ( יַחֵדNäg cf. Dr § 123
a, R
), ins. Is 44:12 after S : the smith sharpeneth an axe. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הוּ ַחדָּה
Ez 21:14 , 15 , 16 be sharpened (in all, subj. ֶב
) ֶחר. Hithpa. ִה ְת ֲחדִיEz 21:21 .
† II. [ ַד
חS 2297 , 2298 , 2299
TWOT 2718 , 605a , 61
GK 2521 , 2522
] adj. sharp —only fs.
ַחדָּה, of ֶחרֶב Ez 5:1 ; in fig. of tongue ψ 57:5 ; sim. of mouth Is 49:2 ; fig. of
end of (i.e. final experience with) strange woman ִיּוְֹת
פּ ח׳ ְכּ ֶחרֶב Pr 5:4 ( || מָר֯ה
) ֶכ ַלּ ֲענָה.— I. חַד v. sub ָד
ֶאח.
ַחדָּה GK 2528
v. עֵין ַחדָּה.
† [ ַדּוּד
חS 2303
TWOT 605b
GK 2529
] adj. sharpened, sharp, pointed , only
חַדּוּדֵי ָח֑רֶשׁ ַתּ ְחתּJb 41:22 beneath him the
cstr. , with superlat. sence = subst. : ָיו
sharpest of potsherds , of scales of crocodile, cf. Di VB .
† ֲחדַד S 2301
GK 2524
n.pr. m. ( on this and foll. cf. Palm. n.pr. חדודן Vog
No. 96
, Sab. חדד Hal 27
) ;—a son of Ishmael Gn 25:15 ( cf. Baer’s n. ; Van d. H.
) ֲהדַר Χοδδαν , L Χοδδαδ ; = 1 Ch 1:30 Χονδαν , A Χοδδαδ ,
L Αδαδ .
† ִיד ָחדS 2307 GK 2531 n.pr.loc. in Benj., mentioned with לֹדand אוֹנוֹEzr 2:33
= Ne 7:37 ; with these and other places Ne 11:34 ; prob. = Αδιδά 1 Macc 12:38 ,
Αδίδοις 13:13 ; mod. El-Ḥadite c. 3 1/4 miles N. of E . from Lydda, Guérin Judée
i. 320
( cf. Rob BR iii. 143 ).
Näg C. W. E. Nägelsbach .
† II. [ ָחדָהS 2300 , 2302
TWOT 605 , 606 , 607 , 608
GK 2525 , 2526 , 2527
] vb. rejoice (
Assyrian ḫadû Dl Pr 153
; Aramaic , חדָא
ֲ ) — Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּ֫ ַח ְדּ Ex 18:9 ( E ),
and Jethro rejoiced over ( ַל עrei); juss. אַל־יִ֫ ַח ְדּJb 3:6 let it not rejoice among ( ) ְבּthe
days of the year, i.e. not take its place joyfully among them ( fig. of day of Job’s
birth).— Klo proposes בּ ְ ¨ וְלֹא חָדוּ1 S 6:19 f or וַיְַּך … ְבּcf. also Dr Pi. Impf.
sf. (causat.) ָה
ְשׂ ְמח
ִב ְתּ ַחדֵּהוּψ 21:7 thou makest him joyful ( Che cheerest him ) with
gladness ( || ָכוֹת
ְשׁיתֵהוּ ְבר
ִ ) תּ.
† ָחדַלS 2308
TWOT 609 , 610
GK 2532
vb. cease ( Sab. חדלbe negligent ,
SabDenkm . 76 ) — Qal Pf. ָחדַלGn 18:11 + 4 times; וְ ָחדַלconsec. Nu 9:13 ψ 49:9 ;
2 ms. ֫תּ ָ וְ ָח ַד ְלEx 23:5 ; pl. חָֽדְלוּJu 5:6 + 4 times; ( ָח ָד֑לּוּcf. Kö i, 243 ) Ju 5:7 1
S 2:5 ; 1 pl. ְנוּ ָח ַדלJe 44:18 ; Impf. יֶ ְחדַּלDt 15:11 + ( Jb 10:20 Kt יחדלjussive >
Qr דל֑ ָ וַ ֲחImv. ); ֶא ְח ָדּ֑לJu 15:7 + 3 times; וְאַ ְח ְדּלָהJb 16:6 ; pl. יֶ ְח ָ ֑דּלוּEz 2:5 + 2
times; ָלוּן֔ יֶ ְחדּEx 9:29 ; וַיַּ ְחדְּלוּGn 11:8 Ex 9:33 , נֶ ְח ָ ֑דּל1 K 22:15 , etc.; Inf. cstr.
חֲדֹל1 S 12:23 ; Imv. ֲחדַלEx 14:12 + , etc.; ִחדְלוּIs 1:16 ; 2:22 ; ֲח ָד֑לוּZc 11:12
;— 3. cease, come to an end Ex 9:29 , 33 , 34 ( J ), Is 24:8 ; impers. ְיוֹת ָחדַל ִלה
ְשׂרָה
ָ לGn 18:11 ( J ); cease to be Dt 15:11 ( sq. ) מִן, and poet. Ju 5:6 , 7 ( ×2 ) 1 S
2:5 Jb 14:7 ; = be lacking, fail Jb 19:14 Pr 10:19 . 4. cease, leave off , sq. inf. c. ל ְ
Gn 11:8 ( J ), 41:49 ( E ), Nu 9:13 ( P ), 1 S 12:23 ; 23:13 Je 44:18 ; 51:30 Dt
23:23 ψ 36:4 Pr 19:27 Ru 1:18 ; inf. alone Is 1:16 ; so also Ho 8:10 , where read
וְחָֽדְלוּfor וַיָּחֵלּוּ Che We ; sq. inf. c. ִן מEx 23:5 (JE), 1 K 15:21 = 2 Ch
16:5 ; sq. subst. c. ( מִןcease regarding ) Is 2:22 (but Che Du al. treat v. as
interpol.; om. ), 1 S 9:5 Pr 23:4 ; sq. ֵאלהים מ2 Ch 35:21 , i.e. leave off
provoking God; Ex 14:12 ( J ), sq. ֶנּו
ִממּdesist from us , let us alone; Jb 7:16 ; sq.
acc. Jb 3:17 ; ח׳ רֹגֶזJb 14:6 have rest (i.e. cease from being troubled, see Di ; cf. v
1 ); no complem. expressed, cease, forbear Ju 15:7 ; 20:28 Am 7:5 1 K 22:6 , 15 =
2 Ch 18:5 , 14 , Je 40:4 ; 41:8 Zc 11:12 ψ 49:9 Jb 16:6 2 Ch 25:16 Jb 10:20 (but
read here prob. לדִּי
ְ יְמֵי ֶח S Bi Bu Du ); specif. of refusal to hear Ez 2:5 , 7 ;
3:11 , 27 (all opp. ַע ) ָשׁמ. Hoph. Pf. (contracted) c. interrog. part. ֶה ֳח ַד ְלתִּיJu 9:9 ,
11 , 13 should I be made to leave , sq. acc. ( cf. Kö i, 240 ff. ); but perhaps read
ֶה ָח ַד ְלתִּי, Qal Pf. Stu Be , cf. , for acc. sq. , Jb 3:17 .
† ָחדֵל S 2310
TWOT 609b
GK 2534
adj. forbearing, lacking , ֵל
ֶה ָחדas subst.
Ez 3:27 he that forbeareth ( opp. שׁמע, ִישׁים
cf. ָחדֵלQal ad
ִ ֲחדַל א fin. ); cstr.
֑ מֶה־ ָחדֵלψ
Is 53:3 lacking men (i.e. forsaken by them);— ceasing, transient אָנִי
39:5 , but read rather ֶד
ֶחל, v. Che crit. n.
ֶ ֫חדS
† [ ֶל 2309
TWOT 609a
GK 2535
ָח֑ד
] n. [ m. ] cessation , only ֶל יוֹשׁבֵי
ְ Is.
38:11 (so Baer) inhabitants of (land of) cessation , i.e. of She’ôl ; v. Di ; but read
ָ ֑חל, v. ֶחלֶד.
rather ֶד
† ֑ ַח ְדל
ָי S 2311
GK 2536
n.pr. m. an Ephraimite, 2 Ch 28:12 , Χοαδ , A Αδδι
, L Αδλι .
חדקTWOT 611
( √ of foll.; NH ִחדֵּקpress or thrust in , Aramaic ַחדֵּקid. (denom.?)
).
† ֵ ֫חדֶק S 2312
TWOT 611a
GK 2537
n. [ m. ] bier ( NH id. ; Aramaic ָא
ִח ְדק
Löw p. 147, No. 104
) ;— טוֹבָם ְכּ ֵחדֶק
; cf. Arabic a kind of nightshare, v. Lane 532
†[ ָחדַר S 2314 TWOT 612 GK 2539 ] vb. surround, enclose ( Ph. in deriv.; Arabic
II. conceal , curtain concealing a person, chamber, house, or tent as concealing some
one; Ethiopic dwell; Ph. is only חדר, ( חדרתtemple- or sepulchral) chamber ( Lzb 271
Cooke 126 ); Ez 21:19 is best explained from Syriac go about, surround , around . It
seems uncertain whether חדֶרֶ , Ph. חדרchamber , Arabic curtain, chamber, tent , etc.,
are (ultimately) from this √ (as something surrounding ); or ( Buhl ) from II. = חדרII .
conceal behind curtain, conceal, confine , IV . conceal onself , also abide, stay, remain
behind ( Lane 707 f. ), Ethiopic abide, dwell ( Dr , privately, Nov. 1905). v. also foll. ) —
only Qal Pt. fs. הַחֹ ֶד֫רֶת ָלהֶם Ez 21:19 that which surroundeth them (of the
sword),—so S Thes Sm Co Da VB .
† ָחדָשׁ S 2319
TWOT 613a
GK 2543
adj. ( on format. v. Lg BN 48
) — ח׳ abs.
Ex 1:8 + 19 times; f. ָשׁה
ָ ֲחד Lv 23:16 + 19 times; pl. ָשׁים
ִ ֲחד Dt 32:17 + 10
times; f. חדָשׁוֹת ֲ Is 42:9 ; 48:6 ;— new , usually a. attrib. Ex 1:8 ( E ) a new king;
so of house Dt 20:5 , 22 , wife 24:5 , cords Ju 15:13 ; 16:11 , 12 , cart 1 S 6:7 2
S 6:3 ( ×2 ) (but del. in v b, cf. We Dr ) = 1 Ch; 13:7 ; garment 1 K 11:29 , 30 ,
vessel 2 K 2:20 , wine-skins Jos 9:13 (JE) Jb 32:19 , threshing instr. Is 4:15 ; meal-
offering Lv 23:16 ( H ) Nu 28:26 ( P ); especially (poet.) שׁיר ח׳ ִ a new song (of
praise) ψ 33:3 ; 40:4 ; 96:1 ; 98:1 ; 144:9 Is 42:10 ; ח׳ ְבּרִיתJe 31:31 ; חדשׁים
וארץ חדשׁה ָשׁ ַמיִםIs 65:17 cf. 65:17 cf. 66:22 ; ֵשׁם ח׳Is 62:2 ; רוּ ַח ח׳a new
spirit Ez 11:19 ; 18:31 ; 36:26 , + ֵב ח׳
ל18:31 ; 36:26 ; ֶפּתַח ַשׁעַר־י׳ הֶח׳Je
26:10 new gate of (house of) י׳, cf. 36:10 ( v. Gf Je 20:2 ); also ַח׳ ֶה ָחצֵר ה2
Ch 20:5 the new court ( v. Be Öt ); אלהים חדשׁיםJu 5:8 new gods ? judges ?
text prob. corrupt, cf. Nö ZMG 1888, 477 , Müll Königsb. Stud. i. , GACooke Deb. 34 ff. and
conj. by Bu RS , 103 , RS in Bla Judges ; in gen. ָל־ח׳ אֵין בּEc 1:9 there is nothing
new; with no subst. expr. ָשׁה
ָ ֲחד ָחגוּר 2 S 21:16 girt with a new (sword: but text
perhaps corrupt, cf. We Klo Dr ), of (food-)products of earth ( opp. ָשׁן
ָ ) יLv
26:10 ( H ) Ct 7:14 ; ָשׁים ִ ֲחדDt 32:17 new ones (i.e. gods; || ;) ִמקָּרֹב בָּאוּin gen.
f. ָשׁה
ָ ֲחדa new thing Is 43:19 Je 31:22 , fpl. Is 42:9 ( opp. ) ָהרִאשֹׁנוֹת, 48:6 . b.
very rarely predicate: of ’ י׳s compassions ִם חדשׁים ַל ְבּ ָקרLa 3:23 they are new
every morning; ִי כְּבוֹדִי ח׳ ִע ָמּדJb 29:20 my glory shall be fresh with me; ְראֵה זֶה
ח׳ הוּאEc 1:10 see, this is new!
(rare) Gn 29:14 + ; sf. חדְשׁוָֹ Nu 28:14 + 2 times; ְשׁהָּ ָחדHo 2:13 Je 2:24 ; pl.
ָשׁים
ִ ֳחדGn 38:24 + ; cstr. ְשׁי
ֵ ָחדEx 12:2 + 2 times; sf. ָשׁיו
ָ ֳחדJb 14:5 + 2
times; ֶםְשׁיכ
ֵ ָחדIs 1:14 Nu 28:11 ; ְשׁכֶם
ֵ ָחדNu 10:10 ;— † 1. new moon = day,
time, of new moon, as religious festival 1 S 20:5 , 18 , 24 , 27 , 34 ( Dr ); cf.
יֹא ְכלֵם ח׳Ho 5:7 a new moon shall devour them , Hi St VB , but on text v.
We ; usually || ָת
ַשׁבּAm 8:5 2 K 4:23 Is 1:13 ( + קְרֹא ) ִמ ְקרָא, ִמדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ
ְבּ ָחדְשׁוֹ 66:23 , Ez 46:1 , 6 (both ַח׳
ה ) יוֹם, 1 Ch 23:31 2 Ch 2:3 ; 8:13 ; 31:3
Ne 10:34 (all + ֵד
) מוֹע, Ho 2:13 Ez 45:17 (both + חג, מוֹעֵד || ;) מועדalone Is
1:14 Ez 3:5 ; || חגֵּנוּ
ַ יוֹםψ 81:4 ( cf. ראֹשׁ ח׳Nu 10:10 ; 28:11 ; on religious
observance of new moon cf. Di Lv p. 578 f Benz Archäol § 69 ); as time of augury in
Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Is 47:13 . † 2. month (as beginning with new moon,
lunar month; cf. Benz Archäol § 30 , but then, without ref. to day of beginning): † a.
as measure of time during which Gn 38:24 ( J ), Nu 11:20 , 21 (JE), 9:22 ( P ), Ju
11:37 , 8 , 39 ; 20:47 1 S 6:1 ; 27:7 2 S 2:11 ; 5:5 ; 6:11 ; 24:8 , 13 = 1 Ch
21:12 , Am 4:7 1 K 4:7 ; 5:7 , 28 ( ×3 ) ; 11:16 2 K 15:8 ; 23:31 ; 24:8 Ez 39:12
, 14 1 Ch 3:4 ; 13:14 2 Ch 36:2 , 9 Est 2:12 ( ×3 ) . In 1 S 10:27 b read prob.
ְכּמֵחֹדֶשׁfor MT כמחרישׁ, and join to 11:1 , so We Dr ( cf. Gn 38:24 ); in
combinatios, ִים
ח׳ יָמa month (of) time ( cf. יֶרַח ימיםDt 21:1 2 K 15:23 ) Gn
29:14 ( J ), Nu 11:20 , 26 (JE), ימים ארבעה ח׳Ju 19:2 ; of age ַר־ח׳ ִמ ְספּnumber
of his months = length of his life Jb 14:5 ; 21:21 ; cf. especially ֶן־ח׳
בּLv 27:6
Nu 3:15 , 22 , 28 , 34 , 39 , 40 , 43 ; 18:16 ; 26:62 (all P ). † b. calendar
months , † (1) with names ִיב ח׳ הָאָבEx 13:4 ; 23:15 ; 34:18 ( ×2 ) (all JE; = 1st
mo. 12:2 P ), Dt 16:11 ; זִו ח׳1 K 6:1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = יֶרַח זִוv 37 ); cf.
8:2 ( ִי
ַשּׁבִיע
ְ ) יֶרַח ָה ֵא ָתנִים = הַח׳ ח, 6:38 ( ַשּׁמִינִי
ְ ;) יֶרַח בּוּל = הַח׳ הin the
postex. books occur Babyl. names ( v. the several words):— ָן ח׳ נִיסNe 2:1 Est
3:7 ( = 1st mo. Est 3:7 ); ִיוָן ח׳ סEst 8:9 = 3rd mo.; ח׳ ִכּ ְסלֵוZc 7:1 Ne 1:1 (
= 9th mo. Zc 7:1 ); בת ֑ ֵ ח׳ ֵטEst 2:16 = 10th mo.; ח׳ ְשׁבָטZc 1:7 = 11th mo.; ח׳
ֲאדָרEst 3:7 , 13 ; 8:12 ; 9:1 in all = 12th mo., 9:15 , 17 , 19 , 21 ; ( cf. also
אֱלוּלNe 6:15 , without ח׳or ; יֶרַחthis was 6th mo.; v. further Schr COT Ne 1:1
Benz l.c. ). † (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. ַשּׁנִי ֵ בַּח׳ הGn 7:11 , cf.
8:4 , 5 , 14 Lv 16:29 Nu 1:1 , 18 (all P ) + often P ; Dt 1:3 ( P ), 1 K 12:32 ,
33 ; 25:1 , 3 , 8 , 25 , 27 Je 1:3 + 11 times Je, Ez 24:1 ; 32:1 Hg 1:1 , 15 Zc
1:1 ; 7:1 , 3 ; 1 Ch 12:15 , cf. entire list 27:2–15 2 Ch 3:2 + 12 times 2 Ch; Ezr
Benz J. Benzinger.
3:1 + 10 times Ezr; Ne 7:72 ; 8:2 , 14 Est 3:12 ; note especially הַח׳ ַהזֶּה ָלכֶם
ָשׁ֫ים רִאשׁוֹן חוּא ָלכֶם
ִ רֹאשׁ ָחד Ex 12:2 ( P ), as implying that the 1st mo. was
formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, e.g. ִאשׁוֹן
= ָבּר בַּח׳
הָר׳ Gn 8:13 , cf. v 5 ; so commonly in Ezek.:— Ez 1:1 ; 8:1 ; 20:1 ; 29:1 , 17 ;
30:20 ; 31:1 ; 33:21 ; 45:18 , 21 , 25 + 26:1 ; 32:17 ; 45:20 Co ( ח׳sometimes
expr., v. Ez 24:1 ; 32:1 supr. ; on like usage with יוםv. ) יום. (3) special phrases
and usages are:— † שׁנָה ָ ְשׁי
ֵ עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ ְבּ ָחדְשׁוֹ ְל ָחדNu 28:14 ( P ; cf. יום, and
Is 66:23 supr. 1 ); ְחֹדֶשׁ מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לEst 3:7 from day to day and from
month to month; ְשׁהָּ ָחדJe 2:24 of wild she-ass’s mating time. †
† II. ֫
חֹדֶשׁ S 2320 , 2321
TWOT 613b
GK 2544 , 2545
n.pr. f. a wife of Shaharaim of
† ְשׁי
ִ ָחד S 8483
GK 2547
in n.pr.loc. ֶארֶץ ַתּ ְחתִּים ח׳ 2 S 24:6 , read א׳ ַה ִחתִּים
ְשׁה
ָ ֵקד v. Hi Gesch. Isr. i. 29
, L εἰς γη̂ν Χεττιειμ Καδης ; cf. Dr ad loc.
and (in
part) Klo ; v. also קדֶשׁ
ֵ.
†[ חוּבS 2325
TWOT 614
GK 2549
] vb. be guilty ( NH id. , be under obligation,
guilty; Aramaic , חוּב, be defeated, quilty; Arabic be disappointed, fail; —Arabic sin , is
loan- wd. according to Bev Dn 1:10 ) ;— Qal not in MT ; but read perhaps ִי
( ַח ְבתּfor
) סַבֹּתִי1 S 22:22 I am guilty , so S Th We Dr Pi. Pf. inculpate וְ ִחיַּ ְבתֶּם
את־רֹאשׁי ַל ֶמּ֑ ֶל ְך
ִ consec. Dn 1:10 and inculpate my head with the king .
† חוֹב S 2326
TWOT 614a
GK 2550
n. [ m. ] debt ( NH id. ; Aramaic , ָא
) חוֹב
;— ָשׁיב
ִ חֲבֹלָתוֹ ח׳ יEz 18:7 his pledge as to indebtedness he restores , v. Hi -
Sm Ew § 291 b Ges § 131 R 5, b Kö Lgb. i. 497 f. and cf. Dr § 193 (but constr. hard: Co
; שׁוֹבdittogr. from חבל׳Bev Dn 1:10 , cf. v 12 , 16 ).
† ָה חוֹבS 2327 GK 2551 n.pr.loc. Gn 14:15 , north of Damascus; mod. Ḫoba , 20
hours N. of Dam., according to Wetzst Del Gn. ed. 4, 561 ff. so Di .
†[ חוּגS 2328 , 2329
TWOT 615 , 615a
GK 2552 , 2553
] vb. draw round, make circle (
Aramaic circumivit; n. , ָא
חוּגְתּ, circle, vault of heavens ) Qal Pf. חֹק חָג על־פני
מים Jb 26:10 ( cf. Pr 8:27 ), hath drawn as circle bound, of horizon-line.
† מְחוּגָה S 4230
TWOT 615b
GK 4684
n. f. circle-instrument, compass , used by
carvers of idols ר֑הוּ
ֵ וּ ַבמְּחוּגָה יְתָֽ ֳאIs 44:13 .
I. √ ( חודof foll.; Arabic is decline, turn aside, avoid , hence perhaps riddle , as
indirect, obscure ) .
† חִידָה S 2420
TWOT 616a
GK 2648
n. f. riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying
or question ;— abs. ח׳Ju 14:12 + 6 times; sf. חִי ָדתִיJu 14:18 ψ 49:5 ; חִידָֽ ְת ָך
Ju 14:13 ; pl. abs. ִידוֹת ח1 K 10:1 + 4 times; חִידֹתNu 12:8 ; sf. חִידֹתָםPr
1:6 ;— 1. riddle = dark, obscure utterance Nu 12:8 (JE; opp. ֶה פֶּה־אֶל־פּand
;) ַמ ְראֶהof something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳
Ez 17:2 ( || ְשֹׁל ָשׁל מָ ;) מallegor. and fig. sayings Pr 1:6 ( || ָשׁלָ ְמלִיצָה מand
;) ִדּ ְברֵי ֲח ָכמִיםenigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Hb
2:6 ( + ָה ָשׁל || ; ְמלִיצָ ) מ, perplexing moral problem ψ 49:5 ( c. ָפּתַחopen,
propound; || ָשׁל ָ ) מ, a lesson taught indirectly ψ 78:2 ( ח׳ ִמנִּי ֶקדֶם, c. || ; ִהבִּי ַע
ָשׁלָ ) מ. 2. riddle, enigma , to be guessed, in Ju 14 : a. with vb. חוּדJu 14:12 , 13 ,
16 propound a riddle . b. with vb. הגִּיד ִ tell (give answer to) a riddle Ju 14:14 , 15
, 17 , 19 . c. with vb. מצאfind out a riddle Ju 14:18 . 3. preplexing questions by
which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test ( ָה ) נִסּ1 K 10:1 = 2 Ch 9:1 . 4. with
ֵהבִיןskilled in double-dealing Dn 8:23 ( Bev ).
† I. חוָּה
ַ S 2332 , 2333 TWOT 617a GK 2557 , 2558 n.pr. f. ( life , vid. Di Gn 3:20 ;
> We Prol. 1886, 322; Skizzen iii. 217 after Nö who suggests serpent as poss. meaning, cf.
Arabic ; but RS K 177 ‘mother of every ḥayy ,’ v. II. ַי חsub — ) חיהGn 3:20 and
the man called his wife חוָּ֑ה
ַ , because she was כָּל־חָֽי׃ ; אֵם cf. ִשׁתּוֹ
ְ ח׳ א 4:1 (both
J ).— II. חוָּה
ַ village , v. infr. sub II. חוה.
† II. [ חוָּה
ַS 2332 , 2333
TWOT 617a
GK 2557 , 2558
] n. f. tent-village — Pl.
חַוֹּתֵיהֶםNu 32:41 (JE), cf. Di . Elsewhere in cpd. appellative, almost = n.pr.
חַוֹּת יָאִירDt 3:14 Jos 13:30 ( D ), Ju 10:4 1 K 4:13 1 Ch 2:23 .— I. חוָּה
ַ n.pr.
f. v. supr.
† ִחוִּי S 2340
GK 2563
adj. gent. ( = villages ? ) — 1. ֶם
ְשׁכ בֶּן־חֲמוֹר הַח׳ Gn
34:2 ( P ), cf. ִצבְעוֹן הַח׳36:2 (but read rather הַחֹרִיOl Di cf. Jos 9:7 ).
2. c. art. as n.pr. coll. חוִּי
ִ ַהthe Hivvites ‘begotten’ by Canaan Gn 10:17 = 1 Ch
1:15 ; especially in list of Canaanit. peoples displaced by Hebrews Ex 3:8 , 17 ;
13:5 ; 23:23 , 28 ; 33:2 ; 34:11 Dt 7:1 ; 20:17 Jos 3:10 ; 9:1 ; 12:8 ; 24:11 (all
JED), Ju 3:5 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7 ; cf. ענִי ֲ ַ ָערֵי הַח׳ וְ ַה ְכּנ2 S 24:7 (note
ִמ ְבצַר־צֹר, צִידוֹן, just preceding); applied specif. to Gibeonites Jos 9:7 (JE),
11:19 ( D ).—In Jos 11:3 Ju 3:3 read prob. ִי ַה ִחתּfor ַה ִחוִּיWe Mey Bu Urg. 350
v. (partly) , Dr on Dt 7:1 .
Mey E. Meyer.
Bu circa., Geschichte der Edomiter .
† III. [ ָחוָהS 2331
TWOT 618 , 619
GK 2555 , 2556
] vb. only Pi. (poet. & late), tell,
declare ( Aramaic , חוֵּי
ַ ) — Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְ ַחוֶּה־ψ 19:3 ; 1 s. ֲא ַחוֶּהJb 32:10 , 17
; sf. ך
ָ ְ ֲא ַחוJb 15:17 , ֲא ַחוֶּ ָךּJb 36:2 ; Inf. cstr. —; חַוֹּתdeclare, make known , c.
acc. ַת ָ ֑דּעψ 19:3 (subj. ַליְלָה, sq. ;) יַבִּי ַע אֹמֶר || ; ְל ַליְלָהc. acc. ֵדּעִיJb 32:10 , 17
; c. 2 acc. ֶם וָאִירָא ֵמחַוֹּת ֵדּעִי ֶא ְתכ32:6 , sq. sf. pers. + obj. cl., וַ ֲא ַחוֶּ֑ ָךּ כִּי־עוֹד
ֶלאֱלוֹ ַהּ ִמלִּֽים׃36:2 and I will shew thee that (there are) yet words for God; sq. sf.
pers. only Jb 15:17 ;—read prob. also חוֶּה ַ וַ ֲאfor וַ ֲא ַקוֶּהψ 52:11 Hi Che al.
† [ תוָה
ְ ] אַn. f. declaration ( in form, an Aramaic Aphel Inf. ) —only sf.
וְאַ ְחוָתִי בְּאָזְנֵיכֶֽם׃ Jb 13:17 (in || line ת֑י
ִ ִמ ָלּ ) ִשׁמְעוּ ָשׁמוֹ ַע.
חוֹזָ֑י S 2335
GK 2559
2 Ch 33:19 v. sub חזה.
חוחTWOT 620
( √ of foll., meaning dubious ) .
ִחוִּי S 2340
GK 2563
v. sub II. חוה.
† ָה ֲחוִילS 2341 TWOT 622 GK 2564 n.pr. terr. ( √ dub. Dl Pa 12 suggests חוֹל
sand-land, dunes , as Heb. popular etym., MV 11 give it as actual etym.; Sta ThLZ
Apr. 28, 1894, 235
compares this, as well as חוֹלsand , with Arabic soft mud ,[ damp sand ]
) — ֶארֶץ ַה ֲחוִילָה Gn 2:11 (surrounded or bordered— — סבבby river Pishon;
noted for excellent gold, bdellium and shoham -stone); elsewhere without art. ָה
ֲחוִיל
10:7 = 1 Ch 1:9 as a ‘son’ of Cush (between ָא
ְסבand ;) ַס ְבתָּהbut also as a ‘son’
of ָן
יָ ְקט, a descendant of Shem Gn 10:29 = 1 Ch 1:23 (between אוֹפִירand יוֹבָב
); ַד־שׁוּר
ע מֵח׳ Gn 25:18 said of limits of Ishmaelitish territory; cf. same limits of
Amalek 1 S 15:7 (but dub. ; We reads ָם
טֵיל, cf. v 4 and vid. Dr ; Glaser
Skizze ii, 326
reads ָה
ֲחכִילas 23:19 ; 26:1 , 3 ).—Most have supposed several regions
named ח׳to be indicated in these passages:—e.g. Thes 1. Arabian shore of Pers.
Gulf Gn 10:29 etc. 2. Ethiopian coast Gn 10:7 etc. 3. India Gn 2:11 (regarded as
indef. extension of 1). Di Gn 10:7 distinguishes 1 and 2 either as quite distinct, or
as different settlements of one great people, and (on Gn 2:14 ) thinks that כל ארץ ח׳
Gn 2:11 implies vague extension eastward. Dl Pa 12 ff. 57 ff. identif. ח׳in all passages
with NE. part of Syrian desert, so E. Meyer Gesch. Alterth. i. 224 ; Glaser Skizze ii. 323 ff. with
central and NE. Arabia. The question is still undecided.
† I. חוּלS 2342 , 2343
TWOT 623 , 624
GK 2565 , 2566
[ חִילS 2342 , 2427
TWOT 623 , 623b
GK 2655 , 2656 , 2659 ] vb. whirl, dance, writhe ( NH , Aramaic id. , dance; Arabic
change, turn; Assyrian ḫîlu, writhe in fear Dl Pr 191 (on ḫ = v. DHM ZK i. 357 ); on
form of Heb. vb. v. Nö ZMG 1883, 536 ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. ָה ָ ֫חלMi 1:12 + 2 times;
֫וְ ָחלָה ַח ְלתּIs 23:4 ; ָ ֫חלוּJe 5:3 (but v. infr. ), La 4:6 ; ֫ וְחָלוּDt
consec. Ho 11:6 ; ִי
ַ ֫חלIs 26:18 ; Impf.
2:25 ; ְנוּ יָחוּלJe 23:19 ; 30:23 ; 3 fs. תָּחוּלEz 30:16 Qr ( Kt
Co ָחֹ֑ל ;) תחיל וַתּJe 51:29 ; אחולהJe 4:19 Kt ( Qr אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יָ ֻח֫לוּ ;) יחל2 S
3:29 ; but also ִיל יָחψ 55:5 ( Jb 20:21 v. II. וַיָּ֫חֶל ;) חול1 S 31:3 = 1 Ch 10:3 + Gn
8:10 (where read prob. ֶל וַיִּיָּ֫חas v 12 ; = וַיְיַחֵלOl Di ); 3 fs. ָתּחִילIs 26:17 + 2
times + Ez 30:16 Kt ( cf. supr. ); ֶל וַ ָתּ֑חψ 97:4 ; 2 fs. ְתּ ִחלִיןIs 45:10 ; יָחִילוּψ
77:17 = 3 times ( ψ 10:5 v. II. ח֫ילוּ ;) חול ִ ָ וַיּJu 3:25 ; וַחִילוּןIs 13:8 ; ָתּ ִח֫ילוּJe 5:22
; Imv. fs. ִי ֫ Mi 4:10 ψ 114:7 ; mpl. חִילוּψ 96:9 1 Ch 16:30 ; Inf. cstr.
חוּל
( ָל)חוּלJu 21:21 Ez 30:16 ( = Inf. abs. ); Pt. fs. חוֹלָהJe 4:31 vid. Gf Gie
and Ges § 72 R.1. ;— 1. dance Ju 21:21 ( ְחֹלוֹת לָחוּל ַבּמּψ 96:9 ). 2. twist, writhe: a. in
pain, especially childbirth Is 26:17 ; 45:10 ַה־תח׳ ;) מה־תוליד || ( מmetaph. , of sea Is
23:4 ( || ;) ילדIsrael 26:18 ( || ) הרה, 54:1 ( || ;) ילדZion 66:7 , 8 ( || id. ), Mi 4:10 (
|| ִיגֹּח֫ , sim. ; כיולדהcf. v 9 ), Je 4:31 . b. fig. , be in severe pain , or anguish
(mostly poet. and elevated prose), sq. מפניDt 2:25 ( || רגז, cf. also ַד ַפּחand יִרְאָהv
a); Ez 30:16 Je 5:22 ( || ;) יראsq. פנֵי ְ ִמ ִלּ1 Ch 16:30 ψ 114:7 ; abs. ψ 55:5 ( ||
) אימות ָמוֶת נפלו עלי, Je 4:19 Kt , ψ 77:17 ( || ) רגז97:4 Is 13:8 ; 23:5 Je 51:29
( || ַשׁ ) ָרע, Jo 2:6 Zc 9:5 ( || ) ירֵא, prob. also 1 S 31:3 ( cf. 28:5 ) = 1 Ch 10:3 , cf.
Öt fig. of mts. Hb 3:10 . c. in contrition Je 5:3 , חלוּ ֫ ָ der. from חולEw Gf Gie ; <
S Ra Hi Ke al. from ( חלהwrongly accented; vid. חלהQal 2 ). d. in anxious
longing ַד בּוֹשׁ עJu 3:25 , sq. ְלMi 1:12 (on Gn 8:10 , cf. supr. ) 3. whirl, whirl
about ַל־רֹאשׁ יוֹאָב ( עi.e. blood— — דמיםof Abner, from sword) 2 S 3:29 ; of attach
of sword itself Ho 11:6 ( || ָה ִכּלּ, ) אכל, cf. La 4:6 ; לא ָח֫לוּ בה ידיםof tempest על
ראשׁ רשׁעים יחולJe 23:19 ( v a = ) ִמתְחוֹלֵל סער30:23 ( v a ) ַסעַר ִמתְגּוֹרֵר.
Po lel. Impf. ֵל יְחוֹלψ 29:9 ; 3 fs. תְּחוֹלֵלPr 25:23 ; sf. תְּחוֹ ֶל ְלכֶםIs 51:2 ; 2 ms.
תְּחוֹלֵלJb 35:14 ; וַתְּחוֹלֵלψ 90:2 ; Inf. cstr. חֹלֵלJb 39:1 ; Pt. מְחוֹלֵלPr 26:10 ;
מְחֹ ֶל ְל ָךDt 32:18 ; מְחֹלְלוֹתJu 21:23 ;— 1 S 18:6 ψ 87:7 v infr. ; on Is 51:9 and
Jb 26:13 v. I. —; חלל1. dance Ju 21:23 , so perhaps also 1 S 18:6 (read ְלוֹת ַחמְּחֹל
We Dr ; and ִים חֹ ֲללpt. ( מom.) ψ 87:7 RV Pe De Che Bae ; cf. Qal 1 ).
2. writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Is 51:2 ( ||
;) אַ ְב ָרהָם ֲאבִיכֶםof hinds Jb 39:1 ψ 29:9 ( caus. ); fig. of ’ י׳s producing earth ψ
90:2 ( || ָד֑וּ
;) יֻלּof his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, v. Di ) Dt 32:18 ; of north
wind bringing forth rain Pr 25:23 ; ֵל כֹּ֑ל רַב מְחוֹל26:10 a master produceth
everything (on trans. see VB ; Ew al. derive from חללwound ). 3. wait anxiously (
cf. Qal 2 d ), sq. ל ְ Jb 35:14 (Elihu). Po lal. Pf. חוֹ ָל֑לתִּיψ 51:7 + 2 times; חוֹ ָל֑ ְל ָתּ
Jb 15:7 ; Impf. ל֑לוּ ָ יְחוֹJb 26:5 ;— 1. be made to writhe Jb 26:5 ( ) הָֽ ְר ָפאִים. 2. be
brought forth Jb 15:7 ( || ֵד ) ִתּוָּל, ψ 51:7 ( || ) יחם, metaph. of wisdom Pr 8:24 , 25 .
Hiph. Impf. ִיל יָחψ 29:8 cause to be in anguish , c. acc. ָר ִמ ְדבּ, subj. י׳. Hoph.
( ×2 )
Impf. ַל יוּחIs 66:8 be born ( = travailed with, Che ), subj. ) יִוָּלֵד גוי || ( ֶארֶץ. Hithpol.
1. Pt. ֵל ִמתְחוֹלwhirling ַסעַר מתח׳Je 23:19 ( = סער ִמתְגּוֹרֵר30:23 ). 2. writhing,
suffering torture Jb 15:20 (of life of wicked). 3. Imv. ֵל ִהתְחוֹלψ 37:7 wait longingly
sq. לְ for , || דּוֹם. Hithpalp. Impf. 3 fs. וַ ִתּ ְת ַח ְלחַלEst 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.
† חוֹל S 2344
TWOT 623a
GK 2567 , 2568
n. m. Ho 2:1 sand ( perhaps as turning
or whirling; otherwise explained by Sta , vid. sub ָה
; ֲחוִילNH id. , Aramaic ָחלָא,
) — ח׳ abs. Gn 22:17 + 15 times; cstr. Gn 32:13 + 6times;— sand Ex 2:12 ( E
); set as bound for sea Je 5:22 ; פנֵי טמוני ח׳
ֻ ְשׂDt 33:19 hidden treasures of sand ,
poet. for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, v. Di and reff.); a.
usually sand of seashore, sim. of numberlessness, vastness, so of Abraham’s seed
Gn 22:17 ( J ; cf. 15:5 ); Jacob’s 32:13 ( E ); of a host Jos 11:4 (JE), Ju 7:12 1
S 13:5 2 S 17:11 ; a people 1 K 4:20 Ho 2:1 Is 10:22 ; 48:19 ( || ך ָ וְ ֶצ ֱא ָצאֵי ֵמעֶי
) ִבּמְעֹ ָת֑יו, Je 33:22 Hb 1:9 ; of corn gathered by Joseph Gn 41:49 ; of days of Job
Jb 29:18 (on interpr. = phœnix , vid. Di ); of birds כנף ( עוףi.e. quails) ψ 78:27 (
|| ָר
;) ֶכּ ָעפof vast extent of Sol.’s wisdom 1 K 5:9 . b. in comp. , more than the sand
Je 15:8 (widows of Judah); thoughts of God ψ 139:18 . c. of weight (in balances),
metaph. of Job’s vexation ( ַשׂ ) ַכּעJb 6:3 heavier than the sand, cf. וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹלPr
27:3 ( || ֶד
כֹּב ) ֶאבֶן, said of ַכּעַס ֱאוִיל.—Combinations are: אשׁר על שׂפת הים
כח׳Gn 22:17 Jos 11:4 1 S 13:5 1 K 5:9 ; כח׳ ַהיָּםGn 32:13 ; 41:49 Is 10:22
Ho 2:1 ( + ַד
ח׳ ַהיָּם ;) ולא יִ ָסּפֵר אשׁר לא יִמּJe 33:22 ; כח׳ ֶשׁעַל־שׂפת הים לרב
Ju 7:12 ; כח׳ אשׁר־על־הים לרב2 S 17:11 1 K 4:20 ; ִים (מ)חול יַמּJb 6:3 ψ
78:27 Je 15:8 .
† חִילָה S 2427
TWOT 623b , 623c
GK 2660
n. f. anguish , Jb 6:10 .
† חֵל S 2426
TWOT 623d
, ֵיל
חS 2426 , 2430
TWOT 623d , 623e
GK 2658
n. m. Ob 20
rampart, fortress ( perhaps orig. surrounding wall , cf. SabDenkm 91 n.2
) — abs.
חֵיל Na 3:8 , ֵל
חLa 2:8 + 3 times ( + ψ 10:10 Qr v. ;) חלכהcstr. חֵל1 K
21:23 ; sf. ךְ חֵי ֵלψ 122:7 , חֵילָהּZc 9:4 ; חֵילָהּ = חֵילָהψ 48:11 , Ol § 40 c. 75 g. 96 e
Sta § 347 c ;— 1. rampart (defined by Jews as ֶן חוֹמָה בּ, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki
s.v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer
and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1 La 2:8 (both || ;) חוֹמוֹתin gen. of
defences, or sea-power of Tyre ָהּ
חֵיל וְ ִחכָּה ַביָּםZc 9:4 ( v. Sta ZAW i. 1881, 15 ), of
No-Amon (Thebes) ֵיל ֲשׁר חֶ יָם ִמיָּם חוֹ ָמתָהּ אNa 3:8 ; of Zion ψ 122:7 , also 48:14
( ָהּ = חילה חֵיל, cf. supr. ; both || ) ארמנותיך.—For ֵחל1 K 21:23 read prob.
ֵחלֶק, q.v. 2. fortress ָגּלֻת ַהחֵל ַהזֶּהOb 20 the exiles of this fortress ( Hi - St ; Or
AV RV this army , ֵל ) ַחיִל = ח.
† חֵילָה S 2430
TWOT 623e
GK 2658
ψ 48:14 , v. חֵל supr.
† חֵילָם S 2431
GK 2663
n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan 2 S 10:16 ( Th their army , but
S Ew Gesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n.2
We Dr ) = ֵח ָל֑ ֯אמָה v 17 ( Αιλαμ ); +
חילםEz 47:16 ( Ηλιαμ ) Co ; according to this it lay on the border between
Damascus and Hamath.
† חִילֵן S 2432
GK 2664
n.pr.loc. in Judah 1 Ch 6:43 = חֹלֹן2 .
† חֹלוֹן S 2473
GK 2708
, חֹלֹןn.pr.loc. 1. in Moab חֹלוֹןJe 48:21 (
Χελων, Χαιλων . 2. in Judah חֹלֹןJos 15:51 ( Χαλου , L Χειλου );
priestly city 21:15 ( Γελλα , L Ιλων ) = חִילֵן 1 Ch 6:43 ( L Χελων
).
† חֵלֹן S 2497
GK 2735
n.pr. m. a man of Zebulon Nu 1:9 ; 2:7 ; 7:24 , 29 ;
10:16 ( Χαιλων , L Χελων ).
† ַח ְל ָחלָה S 2479
TWOT 623f
GK 2714
n. f. anguish , ח׳ מָֽלְאוּ ָמ ְתנַי Is 21:3 ,
ח׳ בכל מתנים Na 2:11 ; Ez 30:4 , 9 ( || ) החריד.
† [ ָה
מְחוֹלS 4257
TWOT 623h
GK 4714
] n. f. id. ;— cstr. מְחֹלַת Ct 7:1 ; pl.
מְחֹלֹת Ex 32:19 ; ְחֹלוֹת מEx 15:20 + 5 times; dancing , token of joyousness
after victory, Ju 11:34 1 S 18:6 ; 21:12 ; 29:5 ; in worship, at feast Ju 21:21 ; act
of praise to י׳Ex 15:20 (song; in idolatrous worship Ex 32:19 ( E ); as graceful and
beautiful Ct 7:1 ; accomp. by timbrel Ex 15:20 Ju 11:34 , and by singing Ex 15:20
1 S 18:6 (where however read prob. Po lel Pt. ְלוֹת ַהמְּחֹל, cf. vb. חוּלsupr. ;
so We Dr ), 21:12 ; 29:5 .
efficiency, wealth, army ;— abs. ח׳Gn 47:6 + , ָ ֑חיִלψ 60:14 + , ָ ֑חיִלψ 60:14 + ,
חֵילIs 36:2 2 K 18:17 ; cstr. חֵילEx 14:28 + (on ψ 10:10 v. ;) חלכהsf. חֵילִי
Jb 31:25 + 2 times; ך ָ חֵי ְלJe 15:13 + ; חֵילוֹEx 14:4 + , etc.; pl. ֲחיָלִים1 Ch 7:5
+ 19 times; sf. ֶם חֵילֵיחIs 30:6 ;— 1. strength , usually physical: a. seld. alone
(chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4 ψ 18:33 , 40 = 2 S 22:33 , 40 ; also ְרוּ ח׳ גָּֽבJb 21:7 ,
cf. Ec 10:10 ; ח֑יִל
ָ ֵמ ַחיִל אֶל־ψ 84:8 ; בְּכֹ ַח ח׳2 Ch 26:13 ; of virility Pr 31:3 ; of
’ י׳s power ψ 59:12 ; 110:3 , cf. Hb 3:19 ; strength of horse ψ 33:17 ; fig. of
product of vine and fig-tree Jo 2:22 ( || ִי ) ְפּר. b. of result or display of strength עשׂה
ח׳achieve might = do valiantly Nu 24:18 (JE), 1 S 14:48 ψ 60:14 = 108:14 ,
118:15 , 16 . c. often in phrases ה)ח׳
ַ ( גִּבּוֹר, גִּבּוֹרֵי( ַה)ח׳hero ( es ) of strength,
mighty man ( men ) of valour Jos 1:14 ( D ), 6:2 ; 8:3 ; 10:7 (all JE), Ju 6:12 ;
11:1 ; 1 S 9:1 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1 ; 15:20 ; 24:14 , 16 1 Ch 5:24 ; 7:2 , 9
; 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially ִים וכל גבורי ח׳ ַהגִּבּוֹר28:1 ; also ג׳ ח׳
2 Ch 13:3 ( || מלחמה ג׳ ( ַה) ֲחיָלִים ;) ג׳1 Ch 7:5 , 7 , 11 , 40 ; 11:26 ( v. also
גִּבּוֹר, p. 150 ); בֶּן־( ַה)ח׳, ְבּנֵי( ַה)ח׳Dt 3:18 Ju 18:2 + ( v. בֵּן8 , p. 121 ); אִישׁ
ח׳, ְשׁי ח׳ ֵ אַנJu 3:29 ; 20:44 , 46 1 S 31:12 ; 11:16 2 S 23:20 ( Qr ; Kt ח׳, on
phr. בן־אישׁ חילcf. Dr ) = 1 Ch 11:22 ( Kt ) חיל, 2 S 24:9 Na 2:4 Je 48:14
1 Ch 10:12 Ne 11:6 ψ 76:6 ; ironical ָר א׳ ח׳ ִלמְסֹ ְך ֵשׁבIs 5:22 ( || לשׁתות יין
;) גבוריםEc 12:3 metaph. of legs. 2. ability, efficiency , often involving moral
worth ְשׁי ח׳ ֵ אַנGn 47:6 ( J ), Ex 18:21 , 25 (both E ); of a woman ֵשׁת ֶ ח׳ אPr
12:4 ; 31:10 Ru 3:11 ; cf. 1 K 1:42 , 52 ( opp. ) רעה, and especially ְשׁי ח׳ ֵ אַנ
ְשׁי ֱאמֶת שׂנְאֵי ָבּ֑צַע
ֵ יִ ְראֵי אלהים אַנEx 18:21 ( E ); ָשׂה חיל ָ עPr 31:29 do
worthily, efficiently , perhaps also Ru 4:11 ; late (with weakened meaning of ) גִּבּוֹר
גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל ְמלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים1 Ch 9:13 , cf. אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּ ַח ַלעֲכֹדָה
26:8 . So also 1 S 10:26 (read בּנֵי ח׳ ְ , v. We Dr , men of worth , opp. בני
בליעלv 27 )for MT ח׳force, band . 3. wealth Gn 34:29 Nu 31:9 (both P ), Dt
8:17 , 18 ; 33:11 Is 8:4 ; 10:14 ; 30:6 ( || ָם ) אוֹצְרֹת, 60:5 ( || ) הֲמוֹן יָם, v 11 ;
61:6 Mi 4:13 Je 15:13 ; 17:3 (both || ) אצרות, Zp 1:13 Ez 26:12 ; 28:4 , 5 ( ×2 )
Zc 14:14 Jb 5:5 ; 15:29 ; 20:15 , 18 ; 31:25 ψ 49:7 , 11 ; 62:11 ; 73:12 Pr
13:22 . 4. force, army , very often Ex 14:4 , 9 , 17 , 28 (all P ), 15:4 (song), 1 S
17:20 ; 2 S 8:9 2 K 6:4 , 15 ; 25:1 , 5 ( ×2 ) , 10 2 Ch 13:3 ( ֵי מלחמה ְבּ ַחיִל גִּבּוֹר
, 14:7 ; 16:7 ; 23:14 + ; so usually Jer.: Je 32:2 ; 34:1 + ; freq. Ezek.: Ez 17:17 ;
27:10 + ; Dn 11:7 , 13 , 25 ( ×2 ) , 26 ; = a band 1 S 10:26 ( MT , but v. 2, ad fin
.); of queen’s train ֵד
ח׳ ָכּב1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1 ; חֵיל ָכּבֵדIs 36:2 = 2 K 18:17
( var. ) ַחיִלa powerful army (on form cf. Sta § 194 c ); also (late) חֵיל ַה ָצּבָא1 Ch
20:1 2 Ch 26:13 , ָם חֵיל עEst 8:11 ; הֲמוֹן ֲחיָלִיםDn 11:10 ; ַשׂר־הח׳2 S 24:2
captain of the host , ֵי הח׳ ָשׂרv 4 , 4 ; ָשׂרֵי ַה ֲחיָלִיםcaptains of armies (bands,
divisions) 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4 , 2 K 25:23 Je 40:7 , 13 ; 41:11 , 13 , 16 ;
42:1 , 8 ; 43:4 , 5 ; ֵי החיל
פִּקּוּדNu 31:14 ( P ).— חֵילוֹEz 32:31 om. B Hi Co
; for ך
ְ חֵי ֵלEz 27:11 read prob. a n.pr.loc. , cf. Da ; Co proposes ( חתלוןcf.
47:15 ; 48:1 ), Hal Mél. Epigr. 1874, 69
חלך = Cilicia , v. Lag M i, 211
.
† חוּם S 2345
TWOT 625a
GK 2569
adj. darkened, dark brown or black , only of
colour of sheep (in Gn 30 , J );— וכל־שׂה־חוּם
ֶ בכשׂבים Gn 30:32 , בך׳ וְחוּם Gn
30:33 , 35 , ְצֹאן
בּ וכל־חוּם Gn 30:40 (cl. prob. interpol. Ol Hup De We Di ).
חוֹמָה S 2346
TWOT 674c
GK 2570
v. sub חמה.
† [ חוּסS 2347
TWOT 626
GK 2571
] vb. pity, look upon with compassion (
Aramaic , חוּסpity, spare; Assyrian ḫûs , in n.pr. cf. Dl ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs.
Pr 181
ָחסָהEz 16:5 , 2 ms. ַ ֫ח ְס ָתּJon 4:10 ; Impf. 3 ms. יָחוּסJe 21:7 ; יָחֹסψ 72:13
; 3 fs. ָחוּס תּIs 13:18 ; תָּחוֹסDt 7:16 + 9 times ( Ges § 72 R 4 Bö § 1133 (2) ); תָּחֹס
Gn 45:20 Ez 9:5 ; ָס וַ ָתּ֫ח1 S 24:11 Ez 20:17 ; 1 s. אָחוּסJe 13:14 + 2 times;
Imv. ָה ח ֫וּסJo 2:17 Ne 13:22 :— a. of the eye, עין, ) לא ( תח(ו)ס עלthe eye shall
( not ) look with compassion, pity, upon Dt 7:16 ; 13:9 ; 19:13 ; Is 13:18 Ez 7:4 ;
20:17 ; ך עיןְִ לא חסה ָע ַליEz 16:5 ; עַל־ ְכּלֵיכֶם עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹסGn 45:20 ( R JE )
let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עיִן
ַ 1 S 24:11 (but
read ֻס
וָאָחfor וַ ָתּחָס S We Klo Dr ); with ellipsis of עלDt 19:21 ; 25:12
Ez 5:11 ; 7:9 ; 8:18 ; 9:10 ; עיני֯כם ) אל ( ֯על תחסEz 9:5 . b. of God חוסה על
Ne 13:22 Jo 2:17 ; לא אחוס על נינוהJon 4:11 ; ellipsis of ַל עJe 13:14 Ez 24:14
. c. of man: the Messianic king ְיוֹן
על־דַּל וְ ֶאבψ 72:13 he shall have pity on poor
and needy; Nebuchadrezzar ( עליהםi.e. on Zedekiah and the people) Je 21:7 ; Jonah,
על חקיקיוןJon 4:10 .— Vid. also חמל.
חוֹף S 2348
TWOT 710a
GK 2572
v. sub I. חפף.
† חוּפָם S 2349
GK 2573
n.pr. m. head of a Benjamite family Nu 26:39 , not in
;( = ֻחפִּים Gn 46:21 , cf. also 1 Ch 7:12 , 15 ).
† חִיצוֹן S 2435
TWOT 627b
GK 2667
adj. outer, external ( opp. ) ְפּנִימִיf.
( חִיצוֹנָהfor חוֹצוֹן, by dissim., Ba NB xxix
Phil BAS ii. 2. 362
Ges § 27. 3 R 6
2K ) — 1.
16:18 ך ְ ַהחִיצוֹנָה מְבוֹא ַה ֶמּ ֶלthe outer entry of the king (viz. to the Temple), Ez
44:1 the outer gate of the sanctuary, החצר החיצונהthe outer court (of the Temple)
Ez 10:5 40:17 , 20 , 31 , 34 , 37 ; 42:1 , 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 ; 44:19 , 1 ; 46:9 ,
20 , 21 , cf. Est 6:4 (of Ahasuerus’ palace), 2 Ch 33:14 ָה ח׳ חוֹמan outer wall
(built by Manasseh for the דּוִיד
ָ ַהחִיצוֹן ;) עִיר absol. , in ִיצוֹן
ַלח1 K 6:29 , 30 ,
ַבּחִיצוֹן Ez 41:17 ( בּיִת
ַ ַהbeing understood) of the outer (part of the Temple), i.e. the
Holy Place ( cf. ְפּנִימִי, ְפּנִימָה, of the Holy of holies). 2. fig. outward, external
ַה ְמּלָאבָה ַהחִיצוֹנָהNe 11:16 1 Ch 26:29 , of business not distinctively sacred, in
which Levites were engaged ( cf. the NH use of ה׳to denote extra-canonical , as
Sanh. 10:1 [Jost 11:1 Surenh ] ) ספרים החיצונים.
חוץ
II. TWOT 627 , 628 ( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic sew together , Aramaic bind, compress
, σφίγγειν , bandage: IV. encompass , wall , which is often compared, does not
correspond phonetically ) .
† ַ ֫חיִץ S 2434
TWOT 628a
GK 2666
n. [ m. ] party-wall ( NH id. , prob. from Ez
Arabic ring , width of desert, of well, of vulva, wide; Di comp. also Ethiopic shore of
sea, from surrounding , cf. Assyrian supr. )
† [ חוקTWOT 629
] n. [ m. ] bosom , ψ 74:11 Kt ( חוקךbut read Qr חֵי ְק ָך,
v. following).
† חֵיק S 2436
TWOT 629a
GK 2576 , 2668
, ֵק
חn. [ m. ] bosom ( NH id. ) — abs.
חֵיק Ez 43:17 Pr 16:33 + Ez 43:13 ( Co חיקו, cf. ZKW 1883, pp. 67 ff.
; ֵיקֹח
חDr
Sm xxxi
), ֵק
חPr 21:14 ; cstr. חֵיק 1 K 22:35 + 3 times + Ez 43:14 ( Co חֵק ) חיקו
Pr 5:20 (om. by accident in Baer, cf. Str ad loc.
) 17:23 ; sf. חֵיקִ׳1 K 3:20 ψ
89:51 ; ִי
ֵחקJb 19:27 etc.; elsewhere always plene c. sf. ; חוקךKt ψ 74:11 ( Qr
—;) חֵי ְק ָךbosom , specif. 1. of fold of garment, at breast Ex 4:6 ( ×2 ) , 7 ( ×3 ) (all J ),
Pr 6:27 ; 16:33 , metaph. of י׳ψ 74:11 ; ַד בח׳ שֹׁחPr 21:14 is a hidden reward
(concealed in bosom; || ֶר שֹׁחַד ֵמחֵק ;) ַמתָּן ַבּ ֵסּת17:23 is a gift secretly given; fig. ,
requite into bosom Is 65:6 , 7 ; 79:12 Je 32:18 ; cf. ψ 35:13 . 2. carry ( ָשׁא ָ ) נin
bosom , Moses the people Nu 11:12 (JE); Naomi, Ruth’s child Ru 4:16 , cf. 1 K
3:20 ( ×2 ) ; 17:19 ; ewe lamb 2 S 12:3 Is 40:11 ( metaph. ); La 2:12 of infants
dying in their mothers’ arms; fig. of carrying insults in one’s bosom ψ 89:51 (read
prob. ַת ְכּ ִלמּfor כֹּל, v. Bi Che ). 3. bosom as part of body: a. external, lie in
bosom , of wife שׁכבתMi 7:5 , cf. 2 S 12:8 ; concubine Gn 16:5 ( J ) cf. 1 K 1:2
; )חיק(כ ֵשׁת
ֶא אִישׁ חֵיקָהּ ; ְתּ ַחבֵּק חֵק נָ ְכ ִריָּה
Dt 13:7 ; 28:54 , cf. also Pr 5:20
Dt 28:56 . b. internal, anger resteth בח׳ כסיליםEc 7:9 ; ַי ְבּ ֵחקִי כָּלוּ ִכלְיֹתJb 19:27
my reins are consumed within me; Jb 23:12 (read ִי ְבּ ֵחקfor ֵמ ֻחקִּי, so B Ol
Me Stu Di ) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth ( cf. ִי ְבּ ִלבּψ
119:11 ); fig. of interior of chariot 1 K 22:35 ; ח׳ הרכבof hollow bottom of altar
Ez 43:13 , 14 , 17 ( Sm Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung ).
† חוּקֹק S 2712
GK 2577
n.pr.loc. city in Asher 1 Ch 6:60 Ικακ , L
( ֶח ְלקas Jos 19:25 ) q.v. — חֻקֹ֑קָהJos 19:34 v. sub חקק
Ακωκ ; but read prob. ַת
.
† I. ִי
חֹרS 2751 , 2752 , 2753
TWOT 630c , 740
GK 3035 , 3036 , 3037
n. [ m. ] white bread
or cake ֵי
ַסלּ לֹשׁה
ָ חֹרִי ְשׁ Gn 40:16 three baskets of white bread .— II. ִי
חֹרv. III.
חרר.
† חוּרַי S 2360
GK 2584
n.pr. m. a hero of David ֵי
ִמנַּ ֲחל ֔גָעַשׁ ח׳ 1 Ch 11:32
Ουρ(ε)ι , L Ουρια ; = ִהדָּי 2 S 23:30 (om. B ; A Αθθαι , L Αδδαι ).
† חוּרִי S 2359
GK 2585
n.pr. m. a Gileadite (of Gad) 1 Ch 5:14 ( Ουρ(ε)ι ).
חוּרָם S 2361
GK 2586
v. חִירָםsub אַח, אחה supr. p. 27 b .
II. √ ( חורof foll.; cf. Arabic bend, turn, incline , of man be weak , Lane 820 c
,
hollow, depressed ground between hills ) .
† ָן ַחוְרS 2362 GK 2588 n.pr. terr. ( meaning unknown; conjectures are:— black-
land (as basaltic region), supported by black , dial. of Yemen, Maltzan ZMG 1874, 230 ,
and tokens of immigration from Yemen into Ḥaurân , Wetzst in De Job 2, 598; ZKW
1884, 120
; land of caves , Thes Hi - Sm , Porter Dict. Bib. , and hollow , GASm Geogr. 552
, who comp. Heb. חורhole; but this prob. from III. חרר, and Arabic , hollow ,
diff. from ) —district SE. from Mt. Hermon, extending between Jaulan and Lejah,
֑ ָ ְַחו
toward Syriac desert; only רן גְּבוּל Ez 47:16 cf. ֶשׂק ִמבֵּין ַחוְ֥רָן
ֶ וּ ִמבֵּין ַדּמּ v 18
; = Assyrian Håaurani Dl Pa 294 ; Αυρανιτις , and so Jos Ant. xv. 10, 1 etc.,
Arabic . On this district v. Wetzst Hauran, (1860) and in De Job 2, 597 ff. Bd Pal 195 ff.
Schumacher Across the Jordan, 1889; ZPV xii. 1889, 225 ff. (with map) GASm Geogr. 552 f. 609 ff.
32:35 (or Pt. , but v. Di ), 1 s. ִי ְ חψ 119:60 ; Impf. 3 fs. ( וַ ַתּ֫חַשׁsic!) Jb 31:5
ַשׁתּ
Ges § 72 R. 9 ; Imv. שׁה ֫ 1 S 20:38 + 6 times ψ , + ψ 71:12 Qr ( Kt ;) חישׁהInf.
ָ חוּ
sf. חוּשׁי
ִ Jb 20:2 ; Pt. act. חָשׁHb 1:8 + Is 8:1 , 3 in n.pr. ; pass. ֻשׁים ִ חNu 32:17
; but v. infr. :— make haste Dt 32:35 ( || ) קרוב, ψ 119:60 ; in prophetic n.pr. ֵר ַמה
ָשׁלָל חָשׁ ַבּ֑זIs 8:1 , 3 ; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכולHb 1:8 ; Jb
31:5 subj. רגל, sq. ִי ; על־מרמה ֫ Jb 20:2 my haste in me , i.e. my inward
חוּ ִשׁי ב
excitement—especially Imv. 1 S 20:38 ( || ) מהרה, and in ψψ : sq. ִי ְל ֶעזְ ָרת22:20 ;
38:23 ; 40:14 ; 70:2 ; 71:12 ( Qr ); sq. ִי ל70:6 ; 141:1 ; pt. pass. ֻשׁים ִ נֵ ָחלֵץ חNu
32:17 , but prob. for ֻשׁים ִ ( ֲהמKn Di comp. Ex 13:18 etc.); Ba NB 180
retains חוּשׁים
ִ
and regards it as act. ( intrans. ) = hastening . Hiph. Pf. ִישׁוּ ֵהחJu 20:37 ; Impf.
ָ ֫ יָ ִחcoh. 5:19 ( Ges
יָחִישׁIs 28:16 ; ישׁה § 48. 3
ָ ֫ אָ ִחcoh. ψ 55:9 ; sf. ִישׁנָּה
); ישׁה ֶ ֲאחIs
60:22 ;— 1. shew haste, act quickly Ju 20:37 ; hasten, come quickly Is 5:19 (subj.
ֲשׂהוּ
ֵ ַמע, || ; יְ ַמהֵרothers: let him hasten on his work ), יָחִישׁ Is 28:16 hasten away
(flee), or hasten about distractedly ( si vera l. ; Che Guthe read ימישׁyield, give way ).
2. transit. c. sf. Is 60:22 I will hasten it; c. acc. ψ 55:9 I would hasten ( = secure
quickly) my escape .
† חוּשׁה
ָ S 2364
GK 2592
n.pr. m. a ‘son’ of = חוּרplace in Judah 1 Ch 4:4 .
† ִיֻשׁת
ָ חS 2843 GK 3144 adj. gent. of foregoing:— 1. of individ., c. art. הַח׳2 S
21:18 = 1 Ch 20:4 , 2 S 23:27 = 1 Ch 11:29 , v. also 1 Ch 27:11 .
† חוּשׁי
ַ S 2365
GK 2593
n.pr. m. 1. ִי
הָאַ ְרכּ ח׳ 2 S 15:32 so 17:5 , 14 , called
ֵרעֶה דוד 15:37 friend of David , so 16:16 a; cf. 16:16b , 17 , 18 1 Ch 27:33 ;
also 1 S 17:6 , 7 , 8 , 15 . 2. 1 K 4:16 f ather of one of Solomon’s officers.
† I. חוּשׁים
ִ S 2366
GK 2594
, ֻשׁים
ִ חS 2366
GK 3123
n.pr. f. wife of Shaharaim of
Benjamin, חוּשׁים
ִ 1 Ch 8:8 , ֻשׁים
ִ חv 11 .
† II. ֻשׁים
ִח S 2366
GK 3123
n.pr. m. of Dan, ח׳ וּ ְבנֵי דָן Gn 46:23 cf. ֻשֿׁם ְבּנֵי
ִח
אַחֵר 1 Ch 7:12 ( v. Be VB ); = ( שׁוּחָםq.v. ) Nu 26:42 cf. שׁוּ ָחתִי v 42 , 43
.
† ֻשֿׁם
ָ ח, חוּשׁם
ָ S 2367
GK 2595
n.pr. m. a king of Edom: ֻשֿׁם
ָ חGn 36:34 , 35
= חוּשׁם
ָ 1 Ch 1:45 , 46 .
† I. ָחזָהS 2372
TWOT 633
GK 2600
vb. (almost wholly poet.) see, behold ( Aramaic
, חזָא
ֲ , see, perceive with the eyes; Palm. Ethp. = אתחזיἔδοξεν Reckendorf ZMG , 1888,
397
; Arabic , perceive with the inner vision , only; astronomer, astrologer ) — Qal Pf.
ח׳ ψ 58:11 + 6 times; ת
ָ ָחזִיPr 22:29 ; 29:30 ; ָחזִיתIs 57:8 ; ָחזִיתִיJb 15:17 ; ֲחזִי ִת ָך
ψ 63:3 ; ָ֥חזוּJb 24:1 + 5 times; ֶם
ֲחזִיתJb 27:12 Ez 13:7 , 8 ; Impf. יֶ ֱחזֶה Nu 24:4 +
2 times; 3 fs. וְ ַת֫חַז Mi 4:11 ; 2 ms. ֶתּ ֱחזֶה Ex 18:21 ; 1 s. חזֶה
ֱ ֶאψ 17:15 + 4
֫אָחJb 23:9 ; pl.
times; ַז יֶחֱזוּ Is 26:11 + 4 times; חזָי֑וּן
ֱ ֶ יIs 26:11 ; ֶתּ ֱחזֶ֫ינָתIs 33:17 +
2 times; ֱזוּ
ֶתּחIs 30:10 Ct 7:1 ; 1 pl. וְנֶ ֱחזֶת
ֲחזֵהIs 33:20 ; 48:6 ; חֲזוּ
Ct 7:1 ; Imv.
ψ 46:9 Is 30:10 ; Inf. cstr. ֲזוֹת חψ 27:4 Ez 21:34 ; Pt. חֹזֶהEz 12:27 ; pl. חֹזִים
Is 47:13 Ez 13:9 , 16 ; 22:28 . (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, v. חֹזֶה.) 1.
see, behold: a. with the eye , acc. rei ψ 58:9 , 11 Pr 22:29 ; 29:20 Is 33:20 ; 57:8 ;
God in theophany Ex 24:11 (JE); God, after death, apart from the flesh Jb 19:26 , 27 ;
the face of God ψ 11:7 ; 17:15 (after death). b. subj. the eyes themselves; man’s eyes:
ֶתּ ֱחזֶינָה עֵינֶי ָךthine eyes will behold Is 33:17 ; also of God’s eyes: ψ 11:4 ; 17:2 . c.
with בּ
ְ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Ct 7:1 , 1 ; Zion Mi 4:11 ; נֹעַם
י׳in the temple ψ 27:4 ; the work of God Jb 36:25 ; with investigation ִים בַּכּוֹ ָכבon the
stars, as stargazers, in astrology Is 47:13 . 2. see as a seer in the ecstatic state , with acc.
of the vision seen: חזוןIs 1:1 Ez 12:27 ; 13:16 ; מחזהNu 24:4 , 16 (JE; poet.,
Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Ez 13:7 ; משּׂאIs 13:1 Hb 1:1 ; שׁוא משׂאות La 2:14 ; שׁואEz
13:6 , 9 , 23 ; 21:34 ; 22:28 La 2:14 ; כזבEz 13:8 ; ֶר
ֶשׁקZc 10:2 ; obj. deceitful
things Is 30:10 ; ) דבר(ימIs 2:1 Am 1:1 Mi 1:1 ; with ל ְ , be a seer, for any one Is
30:10 ; see a vision for one La 2:14 , 14 . 3. see, perceive: a. with the intelligence, abs.
Jb 34:32 Pr 24:32 ; acc. rei Is 48:6 ; Yahweh in his temple ψ 63:3 ; in his providential
workings Jb 23:9 ψ 46:9 Is 26:11 ( ×2 ) . b. see , by experience abs. Jb 27:12 ; acc.
rei Jb 15:17 ; 24:1 . c. provide , תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חילEx 18:21 provide from all
the people men of ability ( E ).
Note .— חזֶה
ֱ ֲֶא ָבנִים י בֵּית Jb 8:17 is difficult: RV renders he ( it ) beholdeth the
place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst , cf. Reuss al. after S .
Other renderings are: pierceth ( cf. ) ָחזַז Bö Ew Hi ( חזֶּה
ַ ְ) י, Di De MV ; between
( v. p. 108 ) the stones it liveth ( חיֶהְ ִ) י Siegf .
Reckendorf S. Reckendorf.
Hengst E. Hengstenberg.
חוֹזָ֑י S 2335
GK 2559
2 Ch 33:19 , v. following.
† חֹזֶה S 2374
TWOT 633b
GK 2602 , 2603
n. m. seer ;— abs. ח׳Am 7:12 + 7
times; cstr. חֹזֵה 1 Ch 21:9 + 3 times; חוֹזֵה2 Ch 35:15 ; pl. חֹזִים29:10 + 4
times; חוֹזִים2 Ch 33:19 (so read with ; ֑ חוֹזָיMT scribal error)— 1. seer: a. of
unnamed persons, syn. ) נבא(ימ2 K 17:13 Is 29:10 ; ִים
רֹאIs 30:10 ; קֹ ְסמִים
Mi 3:7 ; historical writers ַחֹזִים
ִדּ ְברֵי ה2 Ch 33:18 , ( דברי חוזים ) 2 Ch
33:19 ( MT appar. n.pr. ) b. named prophets; Gad 2 S 24:11 = 1 Ch 21:9 , 1 Ch
29:29 2 Ch 29:25 ; Amos Am 7:12 ; Iddo 2 Ch 9:29 ; 12:15 ; Jehu 2 Ch 19:2 . c.
the singers: Heman 1 Ch 25:5 ; Asaph 2 Ch 29:30 ; Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15 . Note —It
seems best to add 2. vision ( cf. ֶה רֹאIs 28:7 ) ָשׂינוּ חֹזֶה ִ עִם ְשׁאוֹל עIs 28:15
with She’ôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with She’ôl —i.e. by
necromancy, v. Du —which makes us secure; || מוֶת ָ ;) כרת ברית אֶת־Ew § 156 e
ZAW iii. 95
trans. oracle here and 2 K 17:13 ; Hoffm puts this under 1 : ‘we have
appointed a prophet with She’ôl ( SS “ Ein bei der Scheol bestellter Seher ”), who is
answerable to us for it;’ B AV RV Che Di al. , are at (or have made
an ) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; v.
חָזוּת1 )— Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶהn.pr. m. sub כל.
† חָזוֹן S 2377
TWOT 633a
GK 2606
n. m. Dn 8:1 vision ( on format. cf. Lg
BN
204
) — abs. ח׳ Ho 12:11 + 25 times; cstr. חֲזוֹן Is 1:1 + 8 times. 1. vision , as seen
in the ecstatic state || קסםMi 3:6 ; || מקסםEz 12:24 ; || חלמותDn 1:17 ; || נביא
Dn 9:24 ; ח׳ חזה Ez 12:27 ; 13:16 ; ח׳ ראה Dn 8:15 ; בח׳ ראה Dn 8:2 , 2 ; 9:21
; דבּר בח׳ψ 89:20 ; נראה אל חזוןDn 8:1 vision appeared unto; מיהוה מצא ח׳
La 2:9 find a vision from Yahweh; also Ez 12:22 , 23 Dn 8:13 , 17 , 26 ; 10:14 ;
11:14 . 2. vision , in the night ָה
חֲזוֹן ַליְלIs 29:7 . 3. divine communication in a
vision, oracle, prophecy ח׳ מנביא בקשׁseek a vision ( prophecy ) from prophet Ez
7:26 ; || ) דבר(ימ1 S 3:1 1 Ch 17:15 ; בּ֑רוּ ֵ חֲזוֹן ִלבָּם יְַדJe 23:16 a prophecy of
their own hearts ( minds ) they speak; ִיל ֵהמָּה ִמ ְתנַ ְבּאִים חֲזוֹן ֶשׁקֶר וְ ֶקסֶם ֱאל
וְ ַת ְרמִית ִלבָּםJe 14:14 false vision and ( v. ) ֱאלִילworthless divination & deceit of
their own hearts they are prophesying; כתב ח׳write the vision Hb 2:2 ; also Ho
12:11 Hb 2:3 Pr 29:18 Ez 7:13 ( del. Co ). 4. vision , as title of book of
prophecy, ספר חזון נחוּםNa 1:1 ; ח׳ ישׁעיהוIs 1:1 ; ח׳ עבדיהOb 1 ; of other
writings of prophets 2 Ch 32:32 .
† [ ָזוֹת חS 2378 TWOT 633c GK 2608 ] n. [ f. ], only cstr. ַבּחֲזוֹת יֶעְדּוֹin the
visions (prophecies) of Iddo 2 Ch 9:29 , the title of a collection of prophetic history,
v. ָזוֹן
ח4.
† חָזוּת S 2380
TWOT 633d
GK 2607
n. f. vision, conspicuousness ( on format.
cf. Lg BN 202
) — abs. ח׳ חָזוּתIs 29:11 ; sf. חָזוּ ְתכֶם
Is 21:2 Dn 8:5 , 8 ; cstr.
Is 28:18 ;— 1. vision, oracle of a prophet ִי ָשׁה ֻהגַּד־ל
ָ חָזוּת קIs 21:2 a hard vision
is declared to me; ַכֹּל ְכּ ִד ְברֵי ַה ֵסּפֶר ֶהחָתוּם וַ ְתּהִי ָלכֶם חָזוּת הIs 29:11 the vision
(prophecy) of the whole is become to you as the words of a sealed writing; ֶם חָזוּ ְתכ
ֶת־שׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם
ְ אIs 28:18 your agreement with Sheol will not stand , so Thes
MV De Che Di al. after Vrss , but Ew § 156 e renders oracle , and Siegf .
Hellseherei , v. חֹזֶה2 . 2. conspicuousness in appearance: ָזוּת
ֶקרֶן הa
conspicuous horn Dn 8:5 = the great horn v 8 , 21 ; so ַע
אַ ְרבּ חָזוּת Dn 8:8 , but
< read ֵרוֹת
ֲאחothers , as Gr Bev .
ִחזָּיוֹן S 2384
TWOT 633e
GK 2612
n. m. 2 S 7:17 vision ( on format. cf. Lg
BN
200
) — abs. ח׳ 2 S 7:17 Is 22:1 , 5 ; cstr. ֶחזְיוֹן Jb 20:8 ; 33:15 ; sf. ֶחזְיֹנוֹ Zc
13:4 ; pl. abs. ֶחזְיֹנוֹתJb 7:14 Jo 3:1 , cstr. id. Jb 4:13 ;— 1. vision , in the
ecstatic state ראה ח׳Jo 3:1 ; גּי(א) ח׳valley of vision Is 22:1 , 5 . 2. vision , in the
night ָה ֶחזְיוֹנ(וֹת) ַליְלJb 4:13 ; 20:8 ; 33:15 ; || חֲלֹמוֹתJb 7:14 . 3. divine
communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy: || דברים2 S 7:17 ( = חזון1 Ch
17:15 ); ְאֹתוֹ יֵבשׁוּ אִישׁ ֵמ ֶחזְיֹנוֹ ְבּ ִהנָּֽכZc 13:4 they will be ashamed, every one of
his vision when he prophesieth .
† ֶחזְיוֹן S 2383
GK 2611
n.pr. m. ( vision ) ancestor of Benhadad king of Aramaic
1 K 15:18 ( Klo proposes חזְרוֹן
ֶ and comp. 1 K 11:23 f. ).
† ֲחזָהאֵל S 2371
GK 2604
n.pr. m. ( Ēl sees; Assyrian Ḫaza’ilu COT Gloss ) king
of Aramaic 2 K 8:8 , 13 , 15 , v 29 = 2 Ch 22:6 ; contr. ֵל ֲחזָא1 K 19:15 , 17
( ×2 )
2 K 8:9 , 12 , v 28 = 2 Ch 22:5 , 2 K 9:14 , 15 ; 10:32 ; 12:18 , 19 ; 13:3
( ×2 )
, 22 , 24 , 25 ; ֵל
בֵּית ֲחזָאAm 1:4 .
† ֵל ֲחזִיאS 2381 GK 2609 n.pr. m. ( vision of Ēl ) Levite of the line of Gershon, of
the time of Solomon 1 Ch 23:9 .
† ֲחזָיָה S 2382
GK 2610
n.pr. m. ( Yah hath seen ) one of the chiefs of the ְבּנֵי
יְהוּדָה Ne 11:5 .
† ַמ ֲחזִיאֹת n.pr. m. ( visions ) 1 Ch 25:4 (but on this list cf. RS OTJC 422; ed. 2,
143
), = ַמ ֲחזִיאוֹת 1 Ch 25:30 a Hemanite chief of a course of singers.
50
Dr § 178
, cf. Sab. ֿית חדprep. opposite DHM in MV ) .
† ָחזֶה S 2373
TWOT 634a
GK 2601
n. m. Lv 7:31 breast of animals ( Aramaic ,
— ) ַח ְדיָאabs. ח׳ Ex 29:26 + 4 times; cstr. חזֵהֲ Ex 29:27 + 5 times; pl. חָזוֹת
Lv 9:20 , 21 — breast , only P , and only of sacrificial animals; always as wave-
offering; of ram of installation Ex 29:26 , 27 Lv 8:29 , of peace-offering Lv 7:30 ,
30 ; 9:20 , 21 , of Nazirite sacrif. Nu 6:20 ; perquisite of Aaron and his sons Lv
7:31 , 34 ; 10:14 , 15 , cf. Nu 18:18 .
† חֲזוֹ S 2375
GK 2605
n.pr. m. son of Nahor Gn 22:22 , Αζαυ ( cf. Assyrian
n.pr.loc. Hazû , mentioned with Bazû ( v. III. ) בּוּזby Esar. Dl Pa 307; ZK 1885, 93 f.
חזזTWOT 635
( √ of foll.; Arabic cut or notch; pierce (Frey) ) .
† [ חזִיז
ֲS 2385
TWOT 635a
GK 2613
] n. [ m. ] thunder- bolt, lightning-flash (
NH ; ֲחזִיזAramaic ֲחזִיזָאshining cloud ) —only cstr. ֲחזִיזand pl. וְֶד ֶר ְך ; ֲחזִיזִים
ַל ֲחזִיז קֹלוֹתJb 28:26 and a way for thunder-bolts = 38:25 ; עשֹׁה ֲחזִיזִים ֶ י׳Zc
10:1 ( || ֶשׁםֶ ) ְמטַר־גּ.
ָחזַקS 2388
TWOT 636
GK 2616
291 vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen ( NH
id. ; Aramaic , חזַק
ֲ bind on or about, gird on , cf. Arabic bind, squeeze ) — † Qal Pf.
ח׳ Gn 41:57 + 4 times; ֑חזָק
ָ 2 Ch 26:15 ; sf. ֲחזָקוֹ2 Ch 28:20 , etc.; Impf. יֶ ֱחזַק2
Ch 28:7 (Baer) + 2 times; חזַק ֱ ֶ וַיּGn 41:56 + ; יֶ ֶחזְקוּ2 S 10:11 + 2 times; יֶ ְחזְקוּIs
28:22 ; Imv. חזַק ֲ Dt 12:23 + ; ִחזְקוּDt 31:6 + ; Inf. cstr. ְל ָחזְקָה2 K 12:13 ; sf.
ְל ָחזְקָהּEz 30:21 ; Pt. ָחזֵקEx 19:19 2 S 3:1 , etc.;— I. intrans. be or grow strong: —
1. a. of physical strength of hands Ju 7:11 2 S 2:7 ; 16:21 Ez 22:14 Zc 8:9 , 13 (on
Ez 3:14 v. infr. ); of arm, sq. inf. Ez 30:21 ; used of recovery from illness Is 39:1 ;
sq. ִן מcompar. over-power 1 S 17:50 ( c. ְבּinstr.), 2 S 13:14 . b. of people, army Dt
11:8 Jos 17:13 (JE), = Ju 1:28 , Ezr 9:12 ; sq. ִן מcompar. be stronger than, too
( ×2 )
strong for, prevail against 2 S 10:11 = 1 Ch 19:12 ( ×2 ) 1 K 20:23 , 25 ; id. , sq.
acc. 1 K 16:22 , cf. of י׳as prevailing over man Je 20:7 ( || ;) יָכֹלsq. על2 Ch 8:3 ;
27:5 . c. of royal power חזֵק
ָ ְהֹ ֵל ְך ו וְָדוִד 2 S 3:1 ( opp. ;) הֹ ְלכִים וְַדלִּים cf. 2 Ch
26:15 ( || ָה
ֶחזְקv 16 ), Dn 11:5a . d. prevail over, upon , of word of king 2 S 24:4 (
sq. = ) אֶל־1 Ch 21:4 ( sq. ) עַל. e. of bonds Is 28:22 . f. of sound of trumpet הוֹ ֵל ְך
וְ ָחזֵק מְאֹדEx 19:19 ( E , cf. ָחזָקv 16 ) it grew much louder and louder . 2. be firm,
fast: — a. lit. be caught fast , of Absalom’s head 2 S 18:9 ( sq. בּ ְ ). b. be firm, secure ,
of a kingdom 2 K 14:5 ( + בּיָדוֹ ְ ) = 2 Ch 25:3 ( + ) ָעלָיו. Oftener c. be firm =
courageous, confident, especially Imv. , usually || ( אמץq.v. ), Dt 31:6 , 7 , 23 Jos 1:6
, 7 , 9 , 18 ; 10:25 ; 23:6 (all D ), 2 S 10:12 ; 13:28 1 K 2:2 1 Ch 19:13 ( ||
) התחזק, 22:13 ; 28:10 , 20 2 Ch 15:7 ; 19:11 ; 32:7 Ezr 10:4 ψ 27:14 ; 31:25 Is
35:4 ; 41:6 Hg 2:4 ( ×3 )
Dn 10:19 ( ×2 )
; sq. ַל ִמּ ְל ָחמָה 2 Ch 25:8 . d. hold firmly to,
Esar. Esarhaddon.
devote oneself to , sq. ְבּ 2 Ch 31:4 . e. sq. Inf. be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly
refrain from it Dt 12:23 , cf. 1 Ch 28:7 . 3. press, be urgent , sq. עַל+ Inf. Ex 12:33
( E ); sq. עַלof hand of י׳in prophetic ecstasy Ez 3:14 ( Co read ָה
ֲחזָק, adj. , v.
) ָחזָק. 4. in bad sense: a. grow stout, rigid, hard , with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh’s
heart Ex 7:13 , 22 ; 8:15 (all P ), 9:35 ( R ); cf. ַי דבריכם חזקו ָעלMal 3:13 . b. be
severe, grievous , of battle 2 K 3:26 ; of famine Gn 41:56 , 57 ( E ), 47:20 ( J ; sq.
) על, 2 K 25:3 = Je 52:6 . II. transit. only לֹא ֲחזָקוֹ2 Ch 28:20 strengthened him
not , but text very dub. ( || לוֹ ) וַיָּצַר. † Pi. Pf. ִחוַּקψ 147:13 + , etc.; Impf. וַיְ ַחזֵּק
Ex 9:12 + 10 times, etc.; Imv. חזֵּק ַ Ne 6:9 + 2 times; fs. ַחזְּקִיNa 3:14 ; ַחזֵּ֑קִיIs
54:2 etc.; Inf. cstr. חזֵּק ַ 2 K 12:9 + 12 times; Pt. ְמ ַחזֵּקEx 14:17 ; ְמ ַחזְּקִים2 K
12:9 ;— 1. make strong (physically): a. sq. acc. pers. Ju 16:28 ; sq. על3:12 ; sq.
ָמ ְתנַיִםNa 2:2 ( || ; אַמֵּץ כֹּ ַחof personif. people). b. = restore to strength Dn 10:18 ,
19 ; to health Ez 34:4 , 16 ; c. ל ְ give strength to 1 Ch 29:12 ; so, sq. זְרוֹעֹתָם, Ho
7:15 Ez 30:24 (and v 25 Co , v. Hiph. ) c. sq. acc. rei Is 41:7 Je 10:4 (both c.
ְבּinstr.; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaph. Is 54:4 , cf.
33:23 ; sq. bars of gates ψ 147:13 ; often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Na
3:14 2 Ch 11:11 , 12 ; 26:9 ; 32:5 ; = repair (wall, obj. not expr.) Ne 3:19 v.
Hiph.; c. acc. of temple 2 K 12:6 , 7 , 15 ; 22:6 2 Ch 24:5 , 12 ; 29:3 ; 34:8 , cf.
v 10 ( || ְדּוֹק ;) ִלבsq. לְבית י׳1 Ch 26:27 ; obj. breaches ( acc. ) 2 K 12:8 , 9 , 13 ;
22:5 . d. of establishing kingdom 2 Ch 11:17 . 2. strengthen the hands ( acc. ) of any one,
i.e. sustain, encourage ( opp. ָה ) ִרפּJu 9:24 Je 23:14 Ez 13:22 Is 35:3 Jb 4:3 Ezr
6:22 Ne 2:18 ; 6:9 2 Ch 29:34 ; ֵאלהים וַיְח׳ ידו בּ1 S 23:16 ; sq. ְבּEzr 1:6 ( + ְבּ
instr.) 3. make strong = bold, encourage , c. acc. Dt 1:38 ; 3:28 2 S 15:5 Is 41:7 ;
c. acc. pers. + ֵית י׳ ַלעֲבֹדַת בּ2 Ch 35:2 . 4. make firm: — a. c. 2 acc. וְאַ ְבנֵֽ ְט ָך
ֲא ַחזְּקֶנּוּ Is 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm , i.e. bind it firmly
about him ( || ) הלבישׁ. b. make firm or fixed , = definitely adopt ָע יח׳־ לָמוֹ ָדּבָר רψ
64:6 . 5. make rigid, hard , i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Ex 4:21
; 10:20 , 27 (all E ), 9:12 ; 11:10 ; 14:4 , 8 , 17 (all P ), Jos 11:20 ( D ); v. also ח׳
פניהם ִמ ֶסּלַעJe 5:3 † . Hiph. 118 Pf. ֶה ֱחזִיקJu 7:8 + ; 3 fs. ֶה ֱחזִ֫יקָהJe 49:24 + ;
sf. תנִי ְ ֑ ֶה ֱחזִ ָקJe 8:21 ; ֶה ֱחזַ֫ ְקתִּיNe 5:16 + 3 times; וְ ַה ֲחזַ ְק ִתּ֫יEz 30:25 , etc.; Impf.
יַ ֲחזִיקJb 8:15 + 2 times; 1 s. וְאַ ְחזֵקIs 42:6 ; יַ ֲחזִיקוּJe 6:23 + 2 times; יַ ֲחזִקוּDn
11:32 , etc.; Imv. חזֵק ֲ ַה2 S 11:25 + 2 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. ַה ֲחזִיק2 K 15:19 Is
64:6 ; sf. ִי ֶה ֱחזִיקJe 31:32 ( הַח׳Cod. Petrop. v. RS JPh. xvi, 1888, 73 ); Pt. ַמ ֲחזִיקEx
9:2 + 9 times; sf. ָהּ ַמ ֲחזִקDn 11:6 ; fs. ַמ ֲחזֶקֶתNe 4:11 ; pl. ַמ ֲחזִיקִיםNe 4:10 + 5
times; cstr. ֵי ַמ ֲחזִיקEz 27:9 , 27 ;— † 1. a. make strong, strengthen Je 51:12 . b. make
firm , the kingdom 2 K 15:19 ( + בּיָדוֹ ְ ). c. display strength (late) 2 Ch 26:8 ( || וַיֵֶּל ְך
) ְשׁמוֹ עַד וגו׳, Dn 11:32 ( || ָשׂוּ
) וְע. † 2. make severe , of battle 2 S 11:25 . † 3. sq.
= ידsupport Ez 16:49 ; sq. זְרוֹעוֹת30:25 (subj. ; י׳but Co reads Pi. as v 24 ) † .
4. = repair , walls of Jerus. , Ne 3:4 ( ×3 ) + 31 times Ne 3 ; cf. (in gen.) pt. used
substant. מחזיקי בדקךEz 27:9 , 27 of Tyre and her ships ( || ִים ַמ ָלּח, etc.) † 5.
prevail , abs. Dn 11:7 ; sq. עַל Jb 18:9 ; prevail upon to ֱכֹל
ֶלא הח׳ בּוֹ 2 K 4:8 . 6.
especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp: a. take hold of, seize, catch , sq. ְבּ Gn 19:4
( J ), 21:18 ( E ), Ex 4:4 ( J ; || ) אחז, Ju 7:20 1 S 15:27 2 S 1:11 1 K 1:50 ; 2:28 2
K 2:12 ; 4:27 Is 4:1 Zc 8:23 ( ×2 ) Pr 7:13 ; 26:17 , cf. also Ju 19:25 , 29 2 Ch
28:15 ; with violence Dt 22:25 ; 25:11 1 S 17:35 (perhaps pf. consec. freq., v. Dr
), 2 S 2:16 ; 13:11 ; sq. לְ 2 S 15:5 ; fig. take hold in order to lead one (subj. ) י׳sq.
ְבּ Je 31:32 , c. acc. Is 41:9 , 13 ; cf. Is 51:18 ( בּ
ְ ; || ;) נֵהֵלsq. acc. Na 3:14 take
hold of the brick-mould , Je 6:23 = 50:42 , Zc 14:13 (with violence), ψ 35:2 Ne
4:10 , 11 , seize the kingdom Dn 11:21 ; in metaph. Mi 4:9 ( ִיל ) ֶה ֱחזִי ֵק ְך ח, Je 6:24 ;
8:21 ; 49:24 ( v. Gie ), 50:43 ; of pious laying hold of י׳, sq. בּ
ְ Is 64:6 , cf. 27:5 ;
56:2 , 4 , 6 ; of other gods 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22 ; laying hold of wisdom Pr 3:18 , cf.
4:13 Jb 2:3 , 9 ; 27:6 Je 8:5 . b. have or keep hold of , sq. בּ ְ Ju 16:26 2 S 3:29 Je
50:33 Ne 4:15 . c. hold up , sq. בּ ְ , fig. = sustain, support Lv 25:35 ; of י׳holding
his servants Is 42:6 ; 45:1 , cf. Jb 8:20 ; v. also pt. used substantively Dn 11:1 ( ||
) מָעוֹז, v 6 ( || ֵמבִיא, ;) יֹלֵדof Ne. holding fast to ( ) ְבּhis work Ne 5:16 ; cf. of
wicked, holding to his house Jb 8:15 ; cleave or cling to ( ) עלone’s brethren Ne 10:30 .
hence d. keep, retain , sq. בּ
ְ Ex 9:2 ( J ), Ju 7:8 ; 19:4 ; so Ez 7:13 Sm Co ( MT
Hithp.); sq. anger ( acc. ) Mi 7:18 . e. hence also hold, contain , sq. acc. 2 Ch 4:5 . †
Hithp. (especially Ch) Pf. חזַּקַ ִה ְת2 Ch 13:7 + 3 times, etc.; Impf. וַיִּ ְת ַחזֵּקGn 48:2
ַ וַיִּ ְת2 Ch 21:4 ; 32:5 ; יִ ְת ַח ֑זָּקוּEz 7:13 (but Sm Co read Hiph.), etc.;
+ 7 times; חזַּק
Imv. ִה ְת ַחזַּק1 K 20:22 ; ִה ְת ַחזְּקוּ1 S 4:9 ; Inf. cstr. ְל ִה ְת ַחזֵּק2 Ch 13:8 ; 16:9 ; Pt.
ִמ ְת ַחזֵּק2 S 3:6 Dn 10:21 ; pl. ִמ ְת ַחזְּקִים1 Ch 11:10 ;— 1. strengthen oneself 2 S 3:6
1 K 20:22 2 Ch 1:1 ; 12:13 ; 13:21 ; 21:4 ; 23:1 ; 25:11 ; 27:6 ; sq. ַל עagainst 2
Ch 17:1 ; gain strength Ezr 7:28 Dn 10:19 , cf. ְח׳ ביהוה ִהת1 S 30:6 ; fig. = take
courage 2 Ch 15:8 . 2. put forth strength, use one’s strength Gn 48:2 (i.e. he exerted
himself, he sat up by a great effort), Nu 13:20 Ju 20:22 1 S 4:9 2 S 10:12 1 Ch
19:13 2 Ch 32:5 . 3. sq. פנֵי ְ ִלwithstand 2 Ch 13:7 , 8 . 4. sq. עִםhold strongly with
1 Ch 11:10 Dn 10:21 , cf. of י׳, ָיו
ֵאל להתח׳ עִם ְל ָבבָם ָשׁלֵם 2 Ch 16:9 .—For
יִ ְת ַח ֑זָּקוּ Ez 7:13 read Hiph., v. Sm Co Da .
† ָחזָק S 2389
TWOT 636a
GK 2617
adj. strong, stout, mighty ;— ח׳Ex 10:19 +
18 times; f. ֲחזָקָה Ex 3:19 + 31 times + Ez 3:14 ( Co for MT vb. 3 fs. ); pl.
ֲחזָקִים Ju 18:25 + 2 times; cstr. ִחזְקֵי Ez 2:4 ( del. Co v. infr. ) 3:7 ;— 1.
strong: a. of men, rarely pred. Nu 13:18 ( opp. ) ָרפֶה, v 31 (compar. c. ) מִן, Jos
14:11 ; 17:18 (all JE), Ju 18:26 (compar. c. ִן ;) מalso of גֹּ ֲאלָםJe 50:34 Pr
23:11 ; of hand of י׳Jos 4:24 ( D ), so Ez 3:14 Co ( v. supr. and חזַק ָ Qal 3
); cf. of Tyre בּיָּם
ַ הָֽיְתָה ֲחזָקָהEz 26:17 ( del. B Co ). b. usually attrib.; of arm
of Pharaoh Ez 30:22 ( opp. ֶת ִשׁ ָבּ֑ר
ְ ;) נespecially of hand of י׳in delivering Isr. from
Egypt, Ex 3:19 (gloss? v. Di ), 6:1 ( ×2 ) ; 13:9 (all J ), Dt 6:21 ; 7:8 ; 9:26 Dn
9:15 ; in wonders done by agency of Moses Dt 34:12 ; also ָה בְּכֹ ַח גָּדוֹל וּ ְביָד ֲחזָק
Ex 32:11 (JE), cf. Ne 1:10 , but oftener ע נְטוּיָה ַ ביד חזקה וּ ִבזְרוֹDt 4:34 ; 5:15 ;
7:19 ; 11:2 ; 26:8 Je 32:21 ψ 136:12 ; of control of enemies and deliverance from
exile Ez 20:33 , 34 ; more gen. Dt 3:24 ( || ך
ָ ) גָּ ְד ְל, 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32 ; of י׳
’s opposition to Zedekiah Je 21:5 ; once of Edom, opp. Isr. חזקה בעם כבד וביד
Nu 20:20 (JE). c. of sword of י׳Is 27:1 ( || ָה
ָשׁה וְ ַהגְּדוֹל
ָ ) ַהקּ, of wind Ex 10:19 ( J
), 1 K 19:11 ; sound of trumpet ( = loud ) Ex 19:16 ( E ). d. severe, sharp, hot , of
war 1 S 14:52 (pred.), battle 2 S 11:15 , sickness 1 K 17:17 (pred.), famine 18:2 .
e. firm, hard , of face, פניםEz 3:8 , forehead, ַח
ֵמצv 8 ; adamant, sim. of
forehead v 9 (compar., c. ;) מִןof sky Jb 37:18 (pred.) In pl. cstr. ח׳ לֵבEz
2:4 hard of heart ( || פנִים
ָ ְשׁי
ֵ ) קbut om. B Co , ח׳־ ֵמצַח3:7 hard ( = impudent)
of forehead ( || ֵב
ְשׁי־ל
ֵ ) ק. 2. as subst. , a strong one , of ְבּ ָחזָק ( י׳, as, in the
character of, a strong one ) Is 40:10 ; of ’ י׳s agent Is 28:2 ( || ִץ ;) אַמּv. also וְ ָחזָק
לֹא יְאַמֵּץ כֹּחוֹAm 2:14 ; c. מִןcomp. = one too strong for Je 31:11 ψ 35:10 .
In Ez 34:16 MT uses הח׳in bad sense ( || מנָה ֵ ַשּׁ
ְ ) ה, Co , with diff. text, in
good sense. ( v. VB ).
ָחזֵק S 2390
TWOT 636a
GK 2618
adj. verb. v. ָחזַקQal Pt.
ֵ֫ S
† [ חזֶק 2391
TWOT 636b
GK 2619
] n. [ m. ] strength , only ִי
ִחזְק י׳ψ 18:2
(om. by error || 2 S 22:2 where L ἰσχύς μου ). ( De al. der. from חֹזֶק, but [
] ֶחזְקָהfavours ) ֵחזֶק.
† [ ָה
ֶחזְקS 2393
TWOT 636b
GK 2621
] n. f. strength, force ( strictly Inf. form
from חזקv. Ges § 45. 1 b
) — 1. of urgency of ’ י׳s hand in prophetic inspiration
֑ ְבּ ֶחזְקַת ַהיּIs 8:11 ( cf.
ָד ָחזַקEz 3:14 ). 2. of royal power ְכּ ֶחזְקָתוֹ2 Ch 12:1 ;
26:16 ( || חזַק ָ v 15 ), Dn 11:2 .
† ֫
חֹזֶק S 2392
TWOT 636c
GK 2620
n. m. strength ;— ח׳cstr. Ex 13:3 + 3
times; ֵנוּ
ָחזְקAm 6:13 ;— 1. of י׳, ח׳ יַדEx 13:3 , 14 , 16 (all JE). 2. national
strength Am 6:13 Hg 2:22 .
† ָחזְקָה S 2394
TWOT 636d
GK 2622
n. f. strength, force, violence , always
ְבּ ָחזְקָה, with strength, force , etc.;— 1. of oppression Ju 4:3 forcibly, violently;
capture by force 1 S 2:16 ; Ez 34:4 of ruling ך ְ בְּח׳ וּ ְב ָפ֑ ֶרwith force and with rigour
. 2. rebuke severely, sharply Ju 8:1 ; cry mightily , insistently Jon 3:8 .— ָה ְל ָחזְק2
K 12:13 v. חזַק ָ Qal Inf.
† ִי
ִחזְקS 2395
GK 2623
n.pr. m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:17 , Αζακ(ε)ι ; L
Εζεκια .
134
) — 1. the well-known priest and prophet, son of Buzi, Ιεζεκιηλ , Ez 1:3 ;
24:24 . 2. priest of 19th course (assigned to David’s time) 1 Ch 24:16 , Εζεκηλ ,
L (20th course, cf. A ) Ιεζεκιηλ .
Gann Clermont-Fanneau.
יְ ִחזְ ִקיָּהוּS 3169 GK 3491
, קיָּה
ִ ְ יְ ִחזS 3169
GK 3490
v. ִחזְ ִקיָּהוּ supr.
חזרTWOT 637
( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; perhaps cf. Arabic the eye was or
became narrow, small , Lane 731 c
; hence narrow-eyed animal ) .
† ֲחזִיר S 2386
TWOT 637a
GK 2614
n. m. ψ 80:14 swine, boar ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ָא
ֲחזִיר, ; Arabic (Aramaic loan- wd. according to Frä 110
, yet v. Lag BN
113
); Ethiopic (only once; = wild boar), v. Hom NS 319 f. 358, 385
) —always st. abs.
, 4 times c. art. ַח׳
—; ה1. swine , forbidden as food Lv 11:7 ( P ), Dt 14:8 , cf.
ְשׂר הַח׳
ַבּ Is 65:4 ; 66:17 , and דַּם־ח׳66:3 as heathen offering ( RS Sem i,
272.325.338.392
); with implication of repulsiveness ח׳ נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף Pr 11:22 sim. of
fair woman with dub. ח׳ ִמיָּ֑עψ 80:14
character. 2. wild boar ַר fig. of foes of Isr.
(in fig. of vineyard).
† ֵחזִיר S 2387
GK 2615
n.pr. m. ( cf. inscr. in RA 1867, pl. 7
, Dr Sm xxiii
; Nö
ZMG 1886, 162
‘pointing— ֵ to avoid offence;’ but Nbr Acad. 1887, Dec. 17
comp. Talm &
( ָא
חַזּוּר, חֵיזוּר, חֲזוּרָאetc.) pomegranate (and apple; Syriac ), cf. ְבּנֵי רִמּוֹן 2
S 4:2 , 5 , 9 ) — 1. a priest of 17th course (assigned to David’s time) 1 Ch 24:15 ;
Χηζειν (16th, v 14 ), but A Ιεζειρ , L Χηζειρ . 2. one of those sealed Ne
10:21 ; Ηζειρ , L Αζηρ .
† ָחטָאS 2398
TWOT 638
GK 2627
238 vb. miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (
NH id. ; Aramaic ָא ֲחט, ; Assyrian ḫaṭû , Zim BP 46 ; Sab. חֿטא, החֿטא, id. , DHM
in MV ; Arabic do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; II. make to miss the mark; IV.
miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic fail to find or have; sometimes sin , especially in
deriv. ) — Qal Pf. ח׳Ex 32:31 + 29 times, 3 fs. ְאָה חָֽטLv 5:15 La 1:8 , ָח ָט֑אָהJe
50:14 Ez 16:15 , ָאת
ָחטEx 5:16 , etc., + 82 times Pf. ; Impf. יֶ ֱחטָאLv 4:3 + 12
֫ ָ ֶתּ ֱחEx 20:20 ψ 4:5 , etc. + 20 times Impf. ; Inf. חֲטֹאEz 3:21 + 8 times,
times, טאוּ
ֵמחֲטוֹאψ 39:2 , ( ֵמחֲטוֹtextual error for ) מחטאGn 20:6 , ְבּ ֶחטְאָהNu 15:28 , חֲטֹאתוֹ
Ez 33:12 ( del. Co ); Pt. ֵא חוֹטPr 13:22 + 6 times, חֹטֵאIs 1:4 Ec 9:2 , חוֹטֶאIs
65:20 + 2 times, ֶא
חֹטEc 8:12 , sf. חֹ ְטאִיPr 8:36 , pl. חֹ ִט֯אֿים1 S 14:33 , sf.
חֹטֵאתEz 18:4 , 20 ;— 1. miss: לא תחטאthou shalt not miss anything Jb 5:24 , אָץ
ְבּ ַרְג ַליִם חוֹטֵאPr 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹ ְטאִי
חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹPr 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself ( opp.
;) מֹ ְצאִיmiss , i.e. endanger , one’s life Pr 20:2 Hb 2:10 according to De VB
(others sub 3 q.v. ) 2. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty: a. against man , abs.
Ex 5:16 ( E ), 1 S 26:21 2 S 19:21 1 K 18:9 2 K 18:14 ; with ל ְ of the person against
whom or towards whom one sins, Gn 40:1 ( E ), Ju 11:27 1 S 2:25 ; 19:4 ; 24:12 , 1
K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22 ; מה חטאתי לךwherein have I sinned against thee? Gn 20:9 ( E
) Je 37:18 ; with בְ , אל תחטאו בילדGn 42:22 ( E ) do not sin against the lad, against
David 1 S 19:4 , 5 . b. elsewhere always against God , abs. Ex 20:20 ( E ), 9:34 ( J )
Jos 7:11 ( D ) Lv 4:3 ; 5:1 , 11 , 17 , 21 , 23 Nu 16:22 ( P ), Ne 6:13 Jb 1:5 , 22 ;
7:20 ; 10:14 ; 24:19 ; 35:6 ψ 4:5 ; 78:32 Is 43:27 ; 64:4 Je 2:35 La 5:7 Ez 3:21 (
×2 )
; 16:51 ; 28:16 ; 33:12 Ho 8:11 ( del. We Kl. Proph. ), v 11 10:9 ; 13:2 ; לא
נתתי לחטא חכיI have not permitted my palate to sin Jb 31:30 ; Pt. חֹטֵא, used as
adj. , sinful nation Is 1:4 , sinful person Ez 18:4 , 20 ; but usually as noun, sinner Pr
11:31 ; 13:22 ; 14:21 Ec 2:26 ; 7:26 ; 8:12 ; 9:2 , 18 Is 65:20 . Sin is confessed:
ָחטָאנוּwe have sinned Nu 14:40 ; 21:7 ( E ) Ju 10:15 1 S 12:10 , 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch
6:37 , Ne 1:6 ψ 106:6 La 5:16 Dn 9:5 , 15 ; חטאתיI have sinned Ex 9:27 Nu
22:34 ( J ) 1 S 15:24 , 30 2 S 24:10 , 17 1 Ch 21:8 , 17 Jb 33:27 . Sin is universal:
לא יחטא אין אדם אשׁרthere is no man who sinneth not 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36 , ולא
יחטא כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב Ec 7:20 for man there is none
righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with ל
ְ , against God Gn 20:6 ( E
), 39:9 ( J ), Ex 32:33 Nu 32:33 (both JE), Dt 9:16 ; 20:18 1 S 2:25 ; 12:23 ; 14:33
, 34 , 1 K 8:33 , 35 , 46 , 50 = 2 Ch 6:24 , 26 , 36 , 39 , 2 K 17:7 Ho 4:7 Mi 7:9
Zp 1:17 Je 40:3 ; 44:23 ; 50:7 , 14 Ez 14:13 Is 42:24 Jb 8:4 ψ 78:17 ; 119:11
Ne 1:6 ; in confession חטאתי לEx 10:16 Jos 7:20 ( J ), 2 S 12:13 ψ 41:5 ; 51:6 ;
חטאנו ל Dt 1:41 Ju 10:10 1 S 7:6 Je 3:25 ; 8:14 ; 14:7 , 20 Dn 9:8 , 11 ; with בּ ְ
of instr., lips Jb 2:10 , tongue ψ 39:2 ; wherein Ez 37:23 Lv 4:23 ( P ), therein Lv
5:22 ( P ); ellipsis of בּ
ְ in phrase ( עונם אשׁר ח׳ ליtheir ) iniquity wherein they sinned
against me Je 33:8 ( ×2 )
; בשׁגגתby error, unwittingly Lv 4:2 , 22 , 27 ; 5:15 Nu
15:27 , 28 (all P ); against thy judgments Ne 9:29 ; with ַל
ע, with regard to Lv 5:5
Nu 6:11 ( P ) Ne 13:26 ; with cognate acc. ח׳ ֲחטָאָה Ex 32:30 , 31 (JE); אשׁר ח׳
ַחטָּאת Nu 12:11 ( J ) Lv 4:3 , 28 ( ×2 )
, 35 ; 5:6 , 10 , 13 (all P ) 19:22 ( ×2 )
( H ),
Dt 9:18 1 K 14:16 , 22 ; 15:30 ; 16:13 , 19 2 K 21:17 Ez 18:24 ; 33:16 ; חטאת
אשׁר ח׳ לJe 16:10 Ne 1:6 ; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ עלLv 4:14 ( P ); ֵחטְא ח׳La 1:8 ; אשׁר
ח׳ ֵחטְאDt 19:15 . 3. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימיםGn 43:9
I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days , cf. 44:32 ( J ); c. acc.
חוֹטֵא נפשׁfor feiting one-self, one’s life Pr 20:2 Hb 2:10 according to most, yet v.
sub 1. — והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳Lv 5:7 , he shall bring his trespass-offering which he
has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳Lv 5:11 ; ישׁלּם את אשׁר ח׳ מן־הקדשׁv 16
what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay . Pi. Pf. ֵא ִחטּLv 14:52 ;
sf. ְאוֹ ִחטּNu 19:19 , ִחטֵּא ָתEx 29:36 + 2 times; 3 pl. ִחטְּאוּEz 43:22 ( ×2 ) ; Impf.
וַיְ ַחטֵּאLv 8:15 ; sf. וַיְ ַח ְטּאֵהוּLv 9:15 , ְתּ ַח ְטּ ֵאנִיψ 51:9 , ֲא ַח ֶטּנָּהGn 31:39 , וַיְ ַחטְּאוּ
2 Ch 29:24 ; Inf. ֵא ַחטּLv 14:49 Ez 43:23 ; Pt. ַה ְמ ַחטֵּאLv 6:19 ;— 1. bear loss:
אָנֹכִי ֲא ַח ֶטּנָּהI bare the loss of it Gn 31:39 ( E ; lit. I counted it missing ? poss. read
ֲאחֻטּנהI was made to miss it ?). 2. make a sin-offering: c. sf. referring to שׂעירLv
9:15 ( P ); to sin-offering Lv 6:19 ( P ); על המזבחupon the altar Ex 29:36 ( P ; not
cleanse the altar RV ); ח׳ את דמם המזבחה2 Ch 29:24 made a sin-offering with their
blood on the altar . 3. purify from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering
on its horns, Lv 8:15 ( P ), Ez 43:20 , 22 ( ×2 ) , 23 ; the sanctuary, by applying to it the
blood of the sin-offering Ez 45:18 . 4. purify from uncleanness: the house of the leper by
application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Lv 14:49 , 52 ( P ); a
person, by application of the mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Nu 19:19
( P ), by sprinkling with a hyssop sprig ψ 51:9 . Hiph. Pf. ִיא ֶה ֱחט1 K 14:16 + 17
֯ ( ֶה ֶחטKt error for ) החטִיא2 K 13:6 ; sf.
times, ִי ֶה ֱחטִיאָם2 K 17:21 ; pl. ֶה ֱחטִיאוּ1
K 16:13 Ne 13:26 ; Impf. ִא יַ ֲחטJu 20:16 2 K 21:11 ; ַתּ ֲחטִיאDt 24:4 ; וַ ַתּ ֲחטִא1 K
16:2 ; 21:22 ; pl. ִיאוּ יַ ֲחטEx 23:33 ; Inf. ַה ֲחטִיאEc 5:5 1 K 16:19 Je 32:35 ( Qr ),
ַה ֲח֯טִיJe 32:35 ( Kt error); Pt. pl. cstr. ַמ ֲחטִיאֵיIs 29:21 ;— 1. miss the mark:
ַשּׂ ְערָה וְלֹא יַ ֲחטִא קֹ ֵל ַע ָבּ ֶאבֶן
ַ אֶל־הJu 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and
would not miss . 2. induce or cause to sin: with acc. Ex 23:33 (JE), Ne 13:26 ;
elsewhere in the phrase ( החטיא את ישׂראלhe ) caused Israel to sin 1 K 14:16 ; 15:26
, 30 , 34 ; 16:2 , 13 , 19 , 26 ; 21:22 ; 22:53 ; 2 K 3:3 ; 10:29 , 31 ; 13:2 , 6 , 11 ;
14:24 ; 15:9 , 18 , 24 , 28 ; 23:15 ; c. sf. ref. to Isr. 2 K 17:21 ; את יהודה2 K
21:11 , 16 Je 32:35 (sometimes c. 2nd acc. — חטאת, or אשׁרref. to חטאת:— 1 K
15:26 , 34 ; 16:26 2 K 17:21 ; 21:16 ; prob. also 1 K 14:16 ; 15:30 ; 16:13 ; no 2nd
acc. 1 K 16:2 , 19 ; 21:22 ; 22:53 2 K 21:11 ; 23:15 Je 32:35 ; the rest are
ambiguous). 3. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדםIs 29:21 who
bring a man into condemnation; הארץ לא תחטיא אתDt 24:4 thou shalt not bring the
land into guilt; את־פיך לחטיא את־בשׂרך אל תתןEc 5:5 do not permit thy mouth to
bring thy flesh into punishment . Hithp. Impf. ָא יִ ְת ַחטּNu 19:12 + 4 times, יִ ְת ַחטְּאוּNu
֑ ָ יִ ְת ַחJb 41:17 , ִתּ ְת ַחטְּאוּNu 31:19 , ִתּ ְת ַח ָ ֑טּאוּNu 31:20 ;— 1. miss oneself,
8:21 , טּאוּ
lose oneself , fig. for be bewildered, beside oneself , ָאוּ ִשּׁ ָברִים יִ ְת ַחטּ
ְ מJb 41:17 by
reason of consternation they are beside themselves ( || יגורוare afraid ). 2. purify oneself
from uncleanness , only in P : a. Levites Nu 8:21 . b. those in contact with the dead Nu
19:12 , 13 , 20 ; 31:19 , 20 ; with בּ
ְ , נִדָּה ְבּמֵי Nu 31:23 ; by a mixture of ashes of the
red heifer with fresh water Nu 19:12 .
† ֵחטְא S 2399
TWOT 638a
GK 2628
n. m. Dt 15:9 sin ( on format. v. Lag
BN
142
) — ח׳Lv 19:17 + 15 times; sf. ֶחטְאוֹLv 24:15 + 5 times, ֯ ֲחטָאָוLa 3:39 ,
ֶחטְאָםLv 20:20 ; pl. ֲח ָטאִיםEc 10:4 ; cstr. ֲח ָטאֵי2 K 10:29 Ez 23:49 ; sf.
ֲחטָאַיGn 41:9 , ֲחטָאָ֑יIs 38:17 ψ 51:11 , ֲח ָטאֵינוּDn 9:16 ψ 103:10 , ֲח ָטאֵיכֶם Is
1:18 ;— 1. sin: a. against man Gn 41:9 ( E ) Ec 10:4 . b. elsewhere ag. God, abs.
Is 31:7 Ho 12:9 ; ָא ח׳ ָחטLa 1:8 cf. Dt 19:15 2 K 10:29 ; ח׳ משׁפט מותsin
worthy of death Dt 21:22 = ח׳ מות22:26 ; with בּ ְ , because of , Dn 9:16 ; God is
entreated: hide thy face from my sins ψ 51:11 ; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast
behind thy back all my sins Is 38:17 . 2. guilt of sin: היה חטא בsin (the guilt of sin)
come on one Dt 15:9 ; 23:22 , 23 ; 24:15 ; מת בחטאוin his sin (guilt) die Nu 27:3
( P ); בחטאו אישׁeach for his own sin בחטא
Dt 24:16 + 2 K 14:16 + 2 Ch 25:4 ;
יחמתני אמיψ 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; אם
חטאיכם כשׁניםIs 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet (in guilt); לא כחטאינו
עשׂה לנוψ 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us . 3.
punishment for sin: נשׂא ח׳bear sin (its punishment) Lv 20:20 ; 24:15 ( H ), Nu
9:13 ; 18:22 ( P ); with ַל
ע, bear sin because of Lv 19:17 ; 22:9 ( H ) Nu 18:32 (
P ); bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Ez 23:49 ; the ideal servant of Yahweh
bore the sins of many Is 53:12 ; without נשׂא, only La 3:39 גבר על חטאו
(wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin?
† [ ָא
ַחטּS 2400
TWOT 638b
GK 2629
] adj. and n. m. 1. sinful , 2. sinners —as
adj. f. ַחטָּאָה Am 9:8 , elsewhere only pl. ַח ָטּאִים Nu 32:14 + 15 times; cstr.
ַח ָטּאֵי
Am 9:10 ; sf. הָ ַח ָטּאֶיIs 13:9 ;— 1. adj. a. sinful men Nu 32:14 ( J ),
kingdom Am 9:8 . b. exposed to condemnation, reckoned as offenders 1 K 1:21 ( cf.
Hiph. Pt. Is 29:21 ). Elsewhere 2. n. m. sinners Nu 17:3 ( P ), 1 S 15:18 Am
9:10 Is 1:28 ; 13:9 ; 33:14 ψ 1:1 , 5 ; 25:8 ; 26:9 ; 51:15 ; 104:35 Pr 1:10 ;
13:21 ; 23:17 ; ח׳ ליהוהsinners against י׳Gn 13:13 ( J ).
† ֲחטָאָה S 2401
TWOT 638d
GK 2631
n. f. sin, sin-offering (?)— 1. sin , chiefly
in the phrase ָה
גְדֹל ח׳great sin Gn 20:9 ( E ) Ex 32:21 , 30 , 31 (JE), 2 K 17:21
; ח׳ כְּסוּי ψ 32:1 he whose sin is covered is blessed; but the prayer of the wicked
becomes sin when he is judged ψ 109:7 . 2. sin-offering (according to most) וחטאה
עולה ψ 40:7 whole burnt-offering and sin-offering (so Vrss Thes MV SS al. ,
but < whole burnt-offering with sin v. Br MP 329 ).
† ַחטָּאת S 2403
TWOT 638e
GK 2632 , 2633
n. f. 1 S 14:38 ( Gn 4:7 no exception
for ֵץ
רֹבis noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering , ח׳Gn 4:7 + 124 times;
ְל ַח ָ ֯טּת Nu 15:24 (textual errorfor ) לתטאת, ַאת
ְל ַחטּZc 13:1 (but read ְל ַחטָּאתSta
ZAW i. 35
ַחטַּאתEx 30:10 + 19 times; sf. ַחטָּאתִיGn 31:36 + 16 times;
); cstr.
֯
ָאתֹיו ַחטּ1 K 16:26 , ַחטַּא ְתכֶםEx 32:30 + 3 times, etc., + 52 times sf. ; pl.
ַחטָּאוֹת2 K 12:17 + 3 times; cstr. חַטֹּאותψ 25:7 + 17 times; חַטֹּאתNu 5:6 +
6 times; sf. ת֑י ֯ חַטֹּאתEz 18:21 ; 33:16 , etc., + 40 times sf. ;—
ָ חַטֹּאוψ 25:18 ; ָו
1. sin: a. against man Gn 31:36 ; 50:17 ( E ), Nu 12:11 ( J ) 1 S 20:1 ; ח׳ אדם
sins against man Nu 5:6 ( P ). Elsewhere b. against God Lv 4:14 , 23 , 28 ( P ), 1
S 2:17 ; 14:38 1 K 16:13 ( ×2 ) 2 K 21:16 , 17 2 Ch 33:19 Is 3:9 ; 30:1 ; 58:1 ;
59:2 , 12 Je 5:25 ; 16:10 , 18 ; 30:14 , 15 ; 50:20 La 4:6 , 22 Ez 16:51 ; 18:14
; 21:29 ; 33:10 , 16 Am 5:12 ( We Kl. Proph. reads חטאיכם, as s 1:18— v. ֵטא—ח
on acc. of masc. ) עצומים, Mi 1:13 ; 3:8 ψ 32:5 ; 51:5 ; 59:4 Pr 5:22 ; 13:6 ;
14:34 ; 21:4 ; 24:9 Jb 13:23 ( ×2 )
Dn 9:20 ( ×2 )
ח׳ נעוריsins of my youth ψ 25:7 ;
פרי בטני ח׳ נפשׁי Mi 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of
myself; sin of divination 1 S 15:23 ; of the mouth ψ 59:13 ; יאכלו ח׳ עמי Ho 4:8
the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, cf. We ; Hi
Or al. sin-offering , but this not elsewhere in early proph., and || ָוֹן
עagainst it, v.
We Prol. 3. 76 ); לפתח חטאת רבץGn 4:7 ( J ) at the door (of Cain) sin is a
crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Dt 9:21 ; and the
high places of Beth Aven Ho 10:8 ; c. בּ ְ on the ground of sin Ne 9:37 ; for sin Mi
1:5 2 K 24:3 Is 40:2 Je 15:13 ; 17:3 Ez 16:52 ; with or by sin 1 K 14:22 ; 16:2
Is 43:24 ; הלך בח׳walk in sin 1 K 15:3 , 26 , 34 ; 16:19 , 26 , 31 2 K 17:22 ;
דבק בח׳cleave unto sin 2 K 3:3 ; c. ַל
ע, on account of sin Dt 9:18 1 K 15:30 ;
16:19 Mi 6:13 ; for sin Lv 4:3 , 28 , 35 ; 5:6 , 13 ( P ) 19:22 ; 26:18 , 24 , 28 (
H ); יסף על ח׳add unto sin 1 S 12:19 2 Ch 28:13 Is 30:1 Jb 34:37 ; c. בּ ְ
according to sin Lv 26:21 ; c. ְלto or for sin Lv 16:16 , 21 Dt 19:15 1 K 12:30 ;
13:34 Pr 10:16 Zc 13:1 ; c. ִן מbecause of sin Lv 4:26 ; 5:6 , 10 ; 16:34 ( P ),
19:22 ( H ), La 4:13 ; more than sin Jb 35:3 ; ִי ָט ַה ְרתִּי ֵמ ַחטָּאתI am clean from my
sin Pr 20:9 ; מפני ח׳because of sin ψ 38:4 ; בגלל ח׳because of sin 1 K 14:16 ;
אחר ח׳ הלךwalk after sin 2 K 13:2 . c. men should return from sin שׁוּב מִן1 K
Br circa., Messianic Prophecy.
8:35 = 2 Ch 6:26 , Ez 18:21 ; 33:14 ; depart from it ַל
ֵמע סוּר 2 K 10:31 ; 15:18 ;
מן סוּר 2 K 13:6 , 11 ; 14:24 ; 15:9 , 24 , 28 ; be concerned about מן דאג ψ
38:19 ; confess ח׳ ִה ְתוַדָּה Nu 5:7 ( P ); ח׳ התודה עלNe 1:6 ; 9:2 . d. God deals
with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it ( פקד ) עלEx 32:34 (JE) Ho 8:13 ; 9:9
Je 14:10 ; inquires after it דרשׁ לJb 10:6 ; watches over it שׁמר עלJb 14:16 ;
hoards it up Ho 13:12 ; (2) by forgiveness: נשׂא ח׳Ex 10:17 ; 32:32 (JE), 1 S
15:25 ; נשׂא עון ח׳ψ 32:5 ; נשׂא לח׳Jos 24:19 ( E ), ψ 25:18 ; pardon סלח לח׳
Ex 34:9 (JE) 1 K 8:34 , 36 2 Ch 6:25 , 27 ; 7:14 Je 36:3 ; removal הסרIs 27:9 ;
העביר2 S 12:13 ; casting into the depths of the sea Mi 7:19 ; (3) by covering over,
making atonement for פּ֑ר ָ ַחטָּֽא ְת ָך ְתּ ֻכIs 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively,
כפּר עַל ח׳ψ 79:9 ; כסּה ח׳ψ 85:3 ( cf. כְּסוּי ֲחטָאָהψ 32:1 ); ( ְל ָהתֵם ח׳Qr )
make an end of sins Dn 9:24 ; (4) by blotting out מחה ח׳Is 44:22 Je 18:23 ψ
109:14 Ne 3:37 ; cleanse from sin רנִי מח׳ ֵ ַט ֲהψ 51:4 ; מקוֹר לח׳a fountain for sin
Zc 13:1 ; (5) by not remembering it לא זכר ח׳Is 43:25 ; לח׳ לא זכרJe 31:34 ;
אַל־ ֵתּפֶן אֶל־ ַחטָּאתוֹDt 9:27 look not unto his sin . e. atonement may be secured for,
כפּר בעד ח׳Ex 32:30 (JE; Moses, by his intercession). f. according to P ( H ) the
priest is to make atonement for a person ( ) כפּר עלby sin-offering or trespass-
offering, מח׳because of sin Lv 4:26 ; 5:6 , 10 ; 16:34 ; על ח׳4:35 ; 5:13 (all P ),
19:22 ( H ; v. We Comp , 59 = JBTh xxii, 427 ), so that the man is clean from sin טהר
מח׳Lv 16:30 . 2. condition of sin, guilt of sin Gn 18:20 Nu 16:26 ; 32:23 ( J ), Ez
3:20 ; 18:24 , ָם ֲרוּשׁה עַל־לוּ ַח ִלבּ ָ וּ ְל ַקרְנוֹת ִמזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם ח׳ יְהוּדָה חthe sin (guilt)
of Judah is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars Je
17:1 . 3. punishment for sin: ַגּוֹיִם זֹאת ִתּ ְהיֶה ח׳ ִמ ְצ ָר֑יִם וח׳ כָל־הZc 14:19 this
will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the
plague with which Yahweh will smite them). 4. sin-offering: one of the kinds of
offering of P , Lv 7:37 ; first in the history 2 K 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where
חטּאתof money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chr.; 2 Ch 29:21 , 23 , 24
Hezekiah had made a ח׳of 7 ֵי
ְצפִיר ִעזִּיםat purification of temple; Ezr 8:35 ; 12 ח׳
ְצפִירֵיwere offered; Ne 10:34 —; עולות || ח׳in these no evidence of special ritual.
Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ez and P .—On Ho 4:8 v. 1 supr. In
H , Lv 23:19 a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ez ח׳in gen. || other sacrifices,
Ez 40:39 ; 45:17 , 25 ; 46:20 ; and priests eat them Ez 42:13 ; 44:29 . At dedication
of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners
of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of
the 7 days following a שׂעיר עזיםwas to be offered Ez 43:19 , 21 , 22 , 25 . On
† I. [ ָחטַב S 2404 TWOT 639 GK 2634 ] vb. cut or gather wood , usually firewood (
NH id. ; Arabic firewood , collect firewood ( v. Wetzst in De ψ 144:12 ); Ethiopic
cut (or gather) firewood ) — Qal Impf. ְבוּ יַ ְחטEz 39:10 ; Inf. ַלחְטֹבDt 19:5 ; Pt.
חֹטֵבDt 29:10 ; pl. חֹ ְטבִים2 Ch 2:9 ; cstr. חֹ ְטבֵיJos 9:21 + 3 times; pass. pl. f.
ֲחטֻבוֹתPr 7:16 — cut or gather wood, sq. acc. Dt 19:5 ; 29:10 ( || ;) שׁאב מיםcf.
Ez 39:10 ( מן־היעריםobj. in preceding cl.); 2 Ch 2:9 ( || ִים ;) כֹּ ְרתֵי ָה ֵעצPt. cstr.
ח׳ עציםJe 46:22 , and ( || ) שֹׁ ֲאבֵי ַמיִםJos 9:21 , 23 , 27 . Pu. Pt. ֲמ ֻחטָּבוֹתψ
144:12 meaning dub. ; perhaps hewn (so, in substance, Thes MV SS Ew Che Bae
; v. however II. ) חטב, of ycorner-pillars ( זָוִיּוֹתv. זָוִיתp. 265 supr. ), sim. of
beautiful, stately daughters.
† ֲחטֻבוֹת S 2405
TWOT 640a
GK 2635
n. f. pl. dark-hued stuffs, only in ֲחטֻבֿוֹת
אֵטוּן ִמ ְצ ַריִםPr 7:16 dark-hued stuffs (of) yarn of Egypt ( || ) ַמ ְרבַֿדִּים, v. De
Now ; ָבוֹת ְמ ֻחטּψ 114:12 der. from this √ by De ( q.v. , and Wetzt. ’s n.), but v. I.
חטב.
ִחטָּה S 2406
TWOT 691b
GK 2636
wheat , v. sub חנט.
√ ( חטטof foll.; cf. Arabic make lines, marks , line, streak, stripe; Aramaic , ֲחטַט
dig , furrow, trench ) .
† ֲחטִיטָא S 2410
GK 2638
n.pr. m. head of a Levit. family, returned exiles Ezr
2:42 Ατητα , = Ne 7:45 Ατειτα , in both A Ατιτα , L Αζιζα .
√ ( חטלof foll.; Arabic = be flabby (of ear), be tall, long, quivering, be light, quick )
.
† ַחטִּיל S 2411
GK 2639
n.pr. m. head of a family of ‘the children of Sol.’s
servants’ Ezr 2:57 Αττεια , A Αττιλ = Ne 7:59 Εγηλ , A Εττηλ , L
Αττιλ in both.
† ָחטַםS 2413
TWOT 641
GK 2641
vb. hold in, restrain ( Arabic strike the nose,
attach the = camel-halter , n. muzzle, nose of beast; NH ֲחטָםnose-ring of camel ,
; חוֹטָםAramaic חוּ ְטמָאnose; חטם, Inscr. Zinj. ; according to DHM Sendsch.
cf. 34
,
of taming wild beasts ) — Qal Impf. ךְ ְל ִב ְלתִּי ַה ְכרִיתֶֽךָ׃ ֶא ֱהטָם־ ָ ֑לIs 48:9 I will
restrain for thee (mine anger), not to cut thee off ( || ִי ) אַ ֲארִי ְך אַפּ.
†[ ָחטַףS 2414
TWOT 642
GK 2642
] vb. catch, seize ( Arabic ; cf. Assyrian
taḫṭîpu , oppression , Dl Pr 181
; NH ָחטַף, Aramaic seize , ֲחטַףdo hurriedly ) — Qal
Pf. וַ ֲח ַט ְפתֶּםconsec. Ju 21:21 lit., seize Wives; Impf. ענִיָ יַחֲטֹףψ 10:9 ; Inf.
ַלחֲטוֹף ָענִיψ 10:9 both fig. of oppressor catching the distressed; all sq. acc.
† ֲחטִיפָא S 2412
GK 2640
n.pr. m. head of a family of Nethinim, post-exil. , Ezr
2:54 Ατουφα , A Ατιφα = Ne 7:56 Ατειφα ; L both Ατουφα .
חטרTWOT 643
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic lash with the tail, move spear up and down,
shake, quiver (said of spear), etc.; Aramaic , ָא
חוּ ְטר, Assyrian ḫutartu , all = staff ,
Schr COT Gloss.
and on 2 K 9:2 ; חטרsceptre , Inscr. Zinj. DHM Sendsch. 57
; on
format. v. Lag BN 144
).
† ֫
חֹטֶר S 2415
TWOT 643a
GK 2643
n. m. branch or twig, rod — metaph. abs.
חִידָה S 2420
TWOT 616a
GK 2648
v. sub חוד.
† I. ַי
חS 2416 , 2417
TWOT 2727a , 644a , 644b
GK 2644 , 2645 , 2646
adj. alive, living ;— ח׳
֑ ָ Gn 3:20 + , חֵיAm 8:14 + 15 times ( Ew
Gn 25:6 + ; חי § 329
explains as cstr. ,
but Ges § 93, R 7 n.
al. as contracted abs. ); f. ַחיָּה Gn 1:20 + ; pl. ַחיִּים ψ 116:9
+ ;— 1. a. of God , as the living one , the fountain of life ַי
ח אֵל Jos 3:10 ( J ), Ho
2:1 ψ 42:3 ; 84:3 ; חי אלהים 2 K 19:4 , 16 = Is 37:4 , 17 ; חיים אלהים Dt
5:23 1 S 17:26 , 36 Je 10:10 ; 23:36 ; יהוה חיYahweh is living ψ 18:47 = 2 S
22:47 ; גאלי חיmy avenger is living Jb 19:25 ; the formula of the oath is ַי י׳
חJu
8:19 Ru 3:13 1 S 14:39 , 45 ; 19:6 ; 20:3 , 21 ; 25:34 ; 26:10 , 16 ; 28:10 ;
29:6 2 S 4:9 ; 12:5 ; 14:11 ; 15:21 1 K 1:29 ; 2:24 ; 17:1 , 12 ; 18:10 ; 22:14
= 2 Ch 18:13 , 2 K 5:16 , 20 Ho 4:15 Je 4:2 ; 5:2 ; 12:16 ; 16:14 , 15 ; 23:7 ,
8 ; 38:16 ; חי אלJb 27:2 ; חי האלהים2 S 2:27 ; חי אדני י׳Je 44:26 ; חי י׳
צבאות 1 K 18:15 2 K 3:14 ; as used by God Himself it is אנכי חי Dt 32:40 ,
elsewhere חי אניNu 14:21 , 28 ( P ) Is 49:18 ; Je 22:24 ; 46:18 Ez 5:11 ; 14:16
, 18 , 20 ; 16:48 ; 17:16 , 19 ; 18:3 ; 20:3 , 31 , 33 ; 33:11 , 27 ; 34:8 ; 35:6 ,
11 Zp 2:9 , cf. also ֵי דרך באר שׁבע ח, חֵי אלהיך דןAm 8:14 ; with the
exception of ָם
הָעֹול ְבּחֵיby him who liveth for ever Dn 12:7 , ֵי
חis always (as an
artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, v. b. b. of man; ַי
ח אָדָםa
living man La 3:39 , in antith. ֵת מ: חי חיIs 38:19 ; ַהחַיcollective Ec 7:2 ;
Absalom 2 S 19:7 ; Naboth 1 K 21:15 ; a son or lad 2 S 12:21 1 K 3:22 ( ×2 ) , 23 (
×2 )
, 25 , 26 ( ×2 ) , 27 ; 17:23 ; usually pl. חייםalive, living Nu 16:30 , 33 ( J ),
17:13 ( P ), Dt 4:4 ; 5:3 Is 8:19 ψ 55:16 ; 124:3 Pr 1:12 Ec 4:2 ( ×2 ) , 15 ; 6:8
; 9:4 , 5 Ru 2:20 ; taking prisoners alive Jos 8:23 ( J ) 1 S 15:8 1 K 20:18 ( ×2 ) 2
K 7:12 ; 10:14 ( ×2 ) 2 Ch 25:12 ; living (prosperously) 1 S 25:6 ( We reads ִי = ָלח
( לְאָחִיv. Klo Dr ) to my brother , after B fratribus meis ); elsewhere in phrase (
האדמה כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם ) אַתֶּם ( חיים על ) פניall the days that they ( ye ) live
upon ( the face of ) the land Dt 4:10 ; 12:1 ; 31:13 1 K 8:40 = 2 Ch 6:31 . Note
phrases: ( ַי ) ים
עוֹד חyet alive Gn 25:6 ; 43:7 , 27 , 28 ; 45:28 ; 46:30 ( J ), 45:3
, 26 Ex 4:18 ( E ), Dt 31:27 1 Sa 20:14 2 S 12:22 ; 18:14 1 K 20:32 ; בהיות
חי 2 S 12:18 1 K 12:6 2 Ch 10:6 ; חיִים
ַ ) ֶארֶץ ( ַהland of the living Is 38:11 ; 53:8
Je 11:19 Ez 26:20 ; 32:23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 32 ψ 27:13 ; 52:7 ; 142:6 Jb
28:13 ; ארצות הח׳ψ 116:9 ; ספר ח׳ψ 69:29 ; צרור הח׳bundle of the living 1 S
25:29 ; הח׳ אורlight of the living Jb 33:30 ψ 56:14 . In the oath by life of men חי
is pointed always ֵי
ח: המלך חֵי אדניas my lord the king liveth 2 S 15:21 ; חֵי פרעה
Gn 42:15 , 16 ( E ); ךָ ְשׁ
ְ חֵי נַפ1 S 1:26 ; 17:55 2 S 14:19 ; ְשׁ ָך חַי
ְ י׳ וְחֵי נַפas
Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth 1 S 20:3 ; 25:26 2 K 2:2 , 4 , 6 ;
4:30 ך ֶָ וְחֵי ן׳ ַחיּ2 S 11:11 (but on text v. We Dr ). c. of animals, alive, living: ox
Ex 21:35 ; 22:3 ( E ); goat Lv 16:10 , 20 , 21 ( P ); bird Lv 14:4 , 6 ( ×2 ) , 7 , 51
, 53 ; dog, ֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַ ְריֵה ַהמֵּת ְל ֶכלEc 9:4 ( comp. Arabic prov. Kalb
ḥay wa-lâ maiyit , a living dog and no dead lion Wetzst Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Ges 1878, 388
); reptiles Gn 1:28 ( P ); animals in general Gn 9:3 ( P ); בשׂר חיliving, raw flesh
Lv 13:10 , 14 , 15 ( ×2 ) , 16 ( P ) 1 S 2:15 . d. animals and man , phrases for either
or both: כל חיGn 3:20 ; 8:21 ( J ) Jb 12:10 ; 28:21 ; 30:23 ψ 143:2 ; 145:16 ;
כל החיGn 6:19 ( P ); נֶפֶשׁ ַחיָּהGn 1:20 , 24 , 30 ( P ) 2:7 , 19 ( J ); כל נֶפֶשׁ
ַחיָּהGn 9:12 , 15 , 16 ( P ) Ez 47:9 ; כל נפשׁ החיהGn 1:21 ; 9:10 Lv 11:10 ,
46 ( P ). e. ( dub. ) of vegetation, as thorns, green , ψ 58:10 ( Ges Ew Ol Pe , but
De Ri Che Bae raw flesh , v. c supr. ad fin. ) f. of water, flowing, fresh מים
חיים Gn 26:19 ( J ), Lv 14:5 , 6 , 50 , 51 , 52 ; 15:13 Nu 19:17 ( P ), Je 2:13 ;
17:13 Zc 14:8 Ct 4:15 . 2. ( dub. ) lively, active: ַי
ח אישׁan active man 2 S 23:20
(but Qr אישׁ ַחיִלis to be preferred); איבי חייםmine enemies are lively ψ 38:20 (
RV , but Houb Ol Ew Hu. Che al. read חנָּם ִ , || ) שׁקר. 3. reviving: ָכּעֵת ַחיָּהat
the time (when it is) reviving , the spring Gn 18:10 , 14 ( J ), 2 K 4:16 , 17 .
† II. [ ַי
חS 2416 , 2417
TWOT 2727a , 644a , 644b
GK 2644 , 2645 , 2646
] n. [ m. ] kinsfolk (
Arabic a group of families united by vital ties RS K 36–40
Dr Sm 119
), pl. sf. ַחיַּי 1
S 18:18 , incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV , but read חיִּי
ַ my
kinsfolk , We Ki Dr RS SS RVm VB . It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת
אבי We ( Klo reads וּ ) אַחַי.
† I. חיָּה
ַS 2416
TWOT 644a , 644c , 644d
GK 2651 , 2652 , 2653
n. f. living thing, animal
( Zinj. wild beast DHM Sendsch. 34
) — ח׳ Gn 8:17 + ; cstr. ַחיַּת Is 57:10 + ; old
case ending (poetic) חיְתוֹ
ַ Gn 1:24 ψ 50:10 ; 79:2 ; 104:11 , 20 Is 56:9 ( ×2 )
Zp
2:14 ; sf. ִי ַחיָּתψ 143:3 , etc.; pl. חַיּוֹתLv 14:4 + 12 times— 1. animal , as a
living, active being: a. in general , Gn 8:17 Lv 11:2 , 27 , 47 ( ×2 ) Nu 35:3 ( P ) ψ
104:25 Is 46:1 Dn 8:4 . b. wild animals , on account of their vital energy and
activity Gn 7:14 , 21 ; 8:1 , 19 ; 9:5 ( P ) Lv 17:13 ; 25:7 ( H ) Jb 37:8 ψ
148:10 Is 40:16 Ez 14:15 ; 33:27 Zp 2:14 , 15 ; קנה ח׳ψ 68:31 wild animal of
the reeds ; רעה ח׳evil beast Gn 37:20 , 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 ( H ) Ez 5:17 ; 14:15 ,
21 ; 34:25 ; ח׳ טמאהLv 5:2 ( P ) unclean beast; ח׳ הארץGn 1:25 , 30 ; 9:2 , 10
( ×2 )
( P ) 1 S 17:46 Ez 29:5 ; 32:4 ; 34:28 Jb 5:22 ; חיתו ארץGn 1:24 ( P ) ψ
79:2 ; ח׳ השׂדהEx 23:11 , 29 (covt. code) Lv 26:22 ( H ) Dt 7:22 2 S 21:10 , 2
K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18 , Ho 2:14 , 20 ; 4:3 ; 13:8 Is 43:20 Je 27:6 ; 28:14 Ez
38:20 ; 39:4 Jb 5:23 ; 39:15 ; כל ח׳ השׂדהGn 2:19 , 20 ; 3:1 , 14 ( J ) Jb 40:20
Je 12:9 Ez 31:6 , 13 ; 34:5 , 8 ; 39:17 ; חיתו שׂדי Is 56:9 ψ 104:11 ; חיתו
(ב)יער Is 56:9 ψ 50:10 ; 104:20 ; ִיץ חיות ְפּרIs 35:9 destroyer among beasts . c.
living beings , of the cherubic chariot Ez 1:5 , 13 ( ×2 ) , 14 , 15 ( ×2 ) , 19 ( ×2 ) , 20 ,
21 , 22 ; 3:13 ; 10:15 , 17 , 20 . 2. life , only in late poetry, ψ 143:3 Jb 33:18 , 20
, 22 , 28 ; 36:14 Ez 7:13 ( ×2 ) , and ( dub. ) ψ 74:19 ; 78:50 . 3. appetite , activity
of hunger: כפרים חיתappetite of young lions Jb 38:39 . 4. revival, renewal: ַחיַּת
יֵָד ְך ָמצָא ְתthou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Is 57:10 ; v.
ָחיָה2.
† [ חיֶה
ָS 2422
TWOT 644e
GK 2650
] adj. having the vigour of life, lively ( on
format. v. Lag BN 49 ) —fpl. ָיוֹת
חEx 1:19 ( E ), of Hebrew women in childbirth,
bearing quickly, easily.
Sch F. W. Schultz.
6:12 ; 8:15 ; 9:9 ; ֵי ח׳
כֹּל יְמGn 3:14 , 17 ( J ) Dt 4:9 ; 6:2 ; 16:3 ; 17:19 Jos
1:5 ; 4:14 ( D ) 1 S 1:11 ; 7:15 1 K 5:1 ; 11:34 ; 15:5 , 6 , 2 K 25:29 , 30 = Je
52:33 , 34 , Is 38:20 (poem of Hez.) ψ 23:6 ; 27:4 ; 128:5 Pr 31:12 ; בּח׳in or
during one’s life Gn 27:46 ( P ) Lv 18:18 ( H ) Ju 16:30 2 S 1:23 ; 18:18 ψ
49:19 ; 63:5 ; 104:33 ; 146:2 Jb 10:1 Ec 3:12 ; 9:3 ; ח ח׳ ַ רוּGn 6:17 ; 7:15 ( P
); ִי
ח׳ רוּחIs 38:16 (poem of Hez.); ח׳ בשׂריםPr 14:30 ; ִשׁמַת ) רוּ ַח ( ח׳ ְ נGn 2:7 ;
7:22 ( J ). 2. life: as welfare and happiness in king’s presence Pr 16:15 ; as
consisting of earthly felicity combined (often) with spiritual blessedness Dt 30:6 , 15
, 19 ( ×2 ) , 20 ; 32:47 ψ 30:6 ; 133:3 Pr 3:22 ; 4:13 , 22 ; 8:35 ; 10:16 ; 11:19 ;
12:28 ; 19:23 ; 21:21 ; 22:4 Mal 2:5 ; used only once distinctly of eternal life (late)
ח׳ עולםDn 12:2 ; אֵל ַחיָּ֑יψ 42:9 God of my life; מעוז ח׳ψ 27:1 ; מקור ח׳ψ
36:10 Pr 10:11 ; 13:14 ; 14:27 ; 16:22 ; חיִּים
ַ )( ה עֵץ Gn 2:9 ; 3:22 , 24 ( J ) Pr
3:18 ; 11:30 ; 13:12 ; 15:4 ; ח׳ ארחψ 16:11 Pr 5:6 ; 15:24 ; ארח לח׳Pr 10:17 ;
ארחות ח׳Pr 2:19 ; (ה) ַחיִּים ֶדּ ֶר ְךPr 6:23 Je 21:8 ; חקּות ח׳Ez 33:15 ; תּוצאות
ח׳Pr 4:23 sources (origin and direction) of life; תוכחת ח׳Pr 15:31 ; כָּתוּב ַל ַחיִּים
Is 4:3 written unto life . 3. sustenance, maintenance: חיִּיםַ ְלנַעֲרוֹתֶי ָךPr 27:27
maintenance for thy maidens , v. חיָה ְ ִמinfr.
† חַיּוּת S 2424
TWOT 644g
GK 2654
n. f. abstr. אַ ְלמְנוּת חַיּוּת2 S 20:3 , lit.
‘widowhood of livingness,’ Dr ; We reads ָנוֹת
חַיּוֹת אַ ְלמliving widows (‘grass-
widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after χη̂ραι ζω̂σαι , so SS .
† ֵל
חִיאS 2419 GK 2647 n.pr. m. ( Ēl lives (or abbrev. for ;) יחיאלSab. חיאל,
name of coin, after n.pr. of king DHM ZMG 1875, 613, 1883, 15 ; cp. also foll., and Ph.
מריחי, — ) כמשיחיname of the rebuilder of Jericho 1 K 16:34 ; Αχ(ε)ιηλ , om.
L.
GK 2658
, ִיל
חS 2342 , 2427
TWOT 623 , 623b
GK 2655 , 2656 , 2659
, ָה
חִילS 2427
TWOT
623b , 623c
GK 2660
, ָם
חֵילS 2431
GK 2663
, ָן
חֵילv. sub I. II. חולsupr.
חִין S 2433
TWOT 694c
GK 2665
v. sub חנן.
חִיצוֹן S 2435
TWOT 627b
GK 2667
, חיִץ
ַS 2434
TWOT 628a
GK 2666
v. sub I. II.
חוץ.
חֵיק S 2436
TWOT 629a
GK 2576 , 2668
v. sub חוק.
חִירָה S 2437
GK 2669
v. sub I. חור.
חִירָם S 2438
GK 2671
, ִירוֹם
חS 2438
GK 2670
v. sub אח, אחהsupr. p. 27b .
†[ ָחכָהS 2442
TWOT 645
GK 2675
] vb. wait, await — Qal Pt. pl. cstr. חוֹכֵי Is
30:18 , with ל
ְ waiting for him ( ) י׳. Pi. ִחכָּהJb 32:4 ; ִח ְכּתָהψ 33:20 ; ִחכִּיתִיIs 8:17 ;
חִכּוּ ψ 106:13 ; ִינוּ
ִחכּ2 K 7:9 ; Impf. יְ ַחכֶּה Is 30:18 ; ֶה
ְתּ ַחכּ2 K 9:3 ; Imv. ַחכֵּה־
Hb 2:3 ; ַכּוּ
חZp 3:8 ; Inf. cstr. ְכּ ַחכֵּיHo 6:9 (Ephraimit. for ;)? ַחכֵּהPt. ְמ ַחכֶּהDn
12:12 ; cstr. ֵה ְמ ַחכּIs 64:3 ; pl. ְמ ַחכִּיםJb 3:21 ;— 1. wait, tarry , abs. 2 K 9:3 tarry
not; with ַד עtill morning light 2 K 7:9 ; c. acc. בדברים את איובJb 32:4 tarry for
Job with words . 2. wait (in ambush), ִישׁ גְּדוּדִים ְכּ ַחכֵּי אHo 6:9 as marauding bands
wait for a man AV RV De , or as marauders lie in wait Hi Ew ( taking אישׁas
cstr. ) 3. wait for, await , with לְ for י׳Is 8:17 ; 64:3 Zp 3:8 ψ 33:20 ; for his counsel
ψ 106:13 ; for his vision Hb 2:3 ; for death Jb 3:21 ; יחכה יהוה לחננכםYahweh
waiteth to be gracious unto you Is 30:18 ( Di regards this as threatening and refers it to
1 ); abs. waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Dn 12:12 .
ַחכָּה S 2443
TWOT 693c
GK 2676
v. sub חנך.
חכלTWOT 646
( √ of foll.;
cf. Arabic IV. be confused, vague; barbarousness , or
impediment in speech; Assyrian ekêlu , be gloomy , êklu , dark , eklitu , darkness , Dl in
Zim BP 115, W. 385 ff. , cf. Jäger BAS ii, 282 ) .
† ֲחכִילָה S 2444
GK 2677
n.pr.loc. ( dark ) a hill in southern Judah, on edge of
wilderness of Ziph 1 S 23:19 ; 26:1 , 3 ( Glaser Skizze ii, 326 reads also for חוילה,
q.v. , in 1 S 15:7 ); Εχελα ( 26:1 B Χελμαθ , A Αχιλα ) always c. art.
† ָחכַםS 2449
TWOT 647
GK 2681
vb. be wise ( NH id. ; Aramaic , ַם
ֲחכid. ;
Zinj. חכמהwisdom , DHM Sendsch. 57 ; Assyrian ḫakâmu , know (with exceptional ח ֿ v.
Dl Pr 178 f. ); Arabic restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; IV. make firm,
sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill ) — Qal Pf. ח׳Pr 23:15 ; 3 fs. ָה חָֽ ְכמ
Zc 9:2 ; תּ
ָ ָה ַכ ְמPr 9:12 ( ×2 )
, etc. + 3 times Pf. ; Impf. יֶּ ְחכַּםPr 9:9 ; 21:11 ; וַיֶּ ְחכַּם 1
K 5:11 ; כּ֑ם ָ יֶ ְחPr 20:1 + ; וֶ ְח֯ ָ ֑כּםPr 13:20 ; ֶתּ ְחכַּםPr 19:20 ; ֶא ְח ָכּ֑מָהEc 7:23 ; pl.
יֶ ְח ָ ֑כּמוּJb 32:9 ; Imv. ֲחכַםPr 27:11 ; ֲח ָכ֑םPr 6:6 ; 23:19 + 13:20 Kt ; ֲח ָכ֑מוּPr
8:33 ;— be or become wise, act wisely Dt 32:29 (poet.) 1 K 5:11 Jb 32:9 Pr 6:6 ;
8:33 ; 9:9 , 12 ( ×2 ) ; 13:20 ; 19:20 ; 20:1 ; 21:11 ; 23:19 ; 27:11 Ec 2:15 ; 7:23 Zc
9:2 ; אם חכם לבךif thy mind be wise Pr 23:15 ; c. acc. שׁחכמתיEc 2:19 wherein I
have acted wisely . Pi. Impf. ֵם יְ ַחכּψ 105:22 ; sf. יְ ַח ְכּמֵנוּJb 35:11 ; ְתּ ַח ְכּ ֵמנִיψ
119:98 ; all make wise, teach wisdom , c. acc. Pu. Pt. made wise , intensive, as it were
the embodiment of wisdom ָם חוֹבֵר ֲח ָברִים ְמ ֻחכּψ 58:6 , pl. ֲח ָכמִים ְמ ֻח ָכּמִים ֵהמָּהPr
30:24 (of intelligent animals). Hiph. Pt. cstr. ַמ ְחכִּימַת ֶ ֑פּתִי ψ 19:8 making wise the
simple . Hithp. Impf. נִ ְת ַח ְכּ ָמה לוֹEx 1:10 ( E ) let us deal wisely ( shrewdly ) toward it
(the people); 2 ms. ִתּ ְת ַחכַּםEc 7:16 make or shew thyself wise .
† ָחכָם S 2450
TWOT 647b
GK 2682
adj. wise , ח׳Dt 4:6 + 67 times; cstr. ֲחכַם
Is 3:3 + 9 times; pl. ֲח ָכמִים Dt 1:13 + 39 times; cstr. ַח ְכמֵי Ex 28:3 + 4 times;
sf. ֲח ָכמֶי ָך Is 19:12 etc. + 8 times; f. ֲח ָכמָה2 S 14:2 ; 20:16 ; cstr. ַח ְכמַתEx
35:25 ; pl. ָמוֹת ֲחכJe 9:16 ; cstr. ַחכְמוֹתJu 5:29 Pr 14:1 (but read ָחכְמוֹתDe
);— 1. skilful in technical work; artificers Is 3:3 ; sailors Ez 27:8 , so (prob.) v 9 ;
mourning women Je 9:16 ; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Ex 28:3
; 31:6 ; 35:10 ; 36:1 , 2 , 4 , 8 ( P ), 1 Ch 22:15 2 Ch 2:6 , 12 , 13 ( ×2 ) ; women
in spinning Ex 35:25 ( P ); goldsmiths and other artisans Je 10:9 ; makers of idol-
images Is 40:20 . 2. wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Gn 41:33 ,
39 ( E ); heads of tribes Dt 1:13 , 15 , judges 16:19 ; of David 2 S 14:20 , of
Solomon 1 K 2:9 ; 3:12 ; 5:21 = 2 Ch 2:11 ; the prince of Tyre, in satire Ez 28:3
; of kings in general Pr 20:26 ; class of political advisers of Judah Is 29:14 Je 18:18
, appar. also Is 5:21 ; of Egypt Is 19:11 ( ×2 ) , 12 , Edom Ob 8 , the nations Je 10:7
; so of God Is 31:2 . 3. shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab 2 S 13:3 ; the princesses Ju
5:29 ; אשׁה חכמהwise woman 2 S 14:2 ; 20:16 ; gen., Je 9:22 ; intelligent animals
Pr 30:24 ; בערמם לכד ח׳taking the cunning in their craft Jb 5:13 ; חכם בעיניwise
in one’s own eyes Pr 3:7 ; 26:5 , 12 , 16 ; 28:11 ; חכמי לבwise of mind (in their
own mind) Jb 37:24 . 4. pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers,
magicians and the like, of Egypt Gn 41:8 ( E ), Ex 7:11 ( P ; cf. Is 19:11 ( ×2 ) , 12
); Babylon Is 44:25 Je 50:35 ; 51:57 ; Persia Est 1:13 ; 6:13 . 5. prudent , towards
king Pr 16:14 ; in controversies Pr 11:29 ; 29:8 , 9 , 11 ; religious affairs Ho 13:13
; 14:10 Je 4:22 ; 8:8 , 9 Dt 4:6 ; 32:6 ψ 107:43 ; ח׳ אישׁJe 9:11 . 6. wise ,
ethically and religiously, in WisdLt : a. as adj. , ֵב
ל ֲחכַםwise of mind Pr 10:8 ;
16:21 ; ָם
לֵב ָחכEc 8:5 ; of the son Pr 10:1 = 15:20 , 13:1 ; 23:24 ; Ec 2:19 ; ילד
ח׳Ec 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳Jb 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳wise reprover Pr 25:12
. b. = subst. : (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs
from evil Pr 14:16 ; is silent Pr 17:28 ; hearkens to counsel Pr 12:15 ; hears and
increases in learning Pr 1:5 ; his ear seeketh knowledge Pr 18:15 ; he receives it Pr
21:11 ; and stores it up Pr 10:14 ; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Pr
15:31 ; and he becomes wiser through it Pr 9:8 , 9 . (2) as a wise teacher, a sage , he
does not answer with windy knowledge Jb 15:2 ; he tells the experience of the past
Jb 15:48 ; has knowledge Jb 34:2 ; teaches it Ec 12:9 ; disperses it Pr 15:7 ; his
tongue is health Pr 12:18 ; it utters knowledge aright Pr 15:2 ; his mind instructs his
mouth and adds learning to his lips Pr 16:23 ; his words are gracious Ec 10:12 ; it is
good to hear his rebuke Ec 7:5 ; his instruction is a fountain of life Pr 13:14 ; one
walking with him becomes wiser Pr 13:20 . The חכמיםrecall the Gk. σόφοι , having
their schools, pupils ( ֵן
) ב, discipline ( ) מוּסָר, principles and collections of wisdom,
חכמים דבריPr 1:6 ; 22:17 ( cf. 24:23 ), Ec 9:17 ; 12:11 ; God himself is חכם
לבבJb 9:4 . (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no
advantage over the fool Ec 6:8 ; but die as the fool Ec 2:16 ( ×2 ) ψ 49:11 ; they will
not be able to find the works of God Ec 8:17 ; like others are in the hands of God Ec
9:1 ; they do not secure bread Ec 9:11 ; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious
treasure is in his dwelling Pr 21:20 ; his lips preserve him Pr 14:3 ; they inherit glory
Pr 3:35 ; wealth is their crown Pr 14:24 ; the wise man is strong Pr 24:5 Ec 7:19 ;
his eyes are in his head Ec 2:14 ; his mind is at his right hand Ec 10:2 ; he interprets
things Ec 8:1 . (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Pr 11:30 ; scales
the city of the mighty Pr 21:22 ; though poor he delivers the city Ec 9:15 ; is a
reproof to scorners Pr 15:12 ; his mind is in the house of mourning Ec 7:4 ; injustice
makes him foolish Ec 7:7 ; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Jb 17:10 .
† ִי
ַחכְמוֹנn.pr. m. ( wise ) — 1. father of one of David’s warriors 1 Ch 11:11 . 2.
father of the tutor of David’s sons 1 Ch 27:32 .
חֵל S 2426
TWOT 623d
v. חֵילsub I. חול.
חֹל S 2455
TWOT 623a , 661a
GK 2687
v. sub III. חלל.
† I. [ ָחלָאS 2456
TWOT 648
GK 2688
] vb. be sick, diseased ( = חלה, v. Ges §
75, 22
) — Qal Impf. וַיֶּ ֱחלֶא אָסָא … ְבּ ַרְגלָיו 2 Ch 16:12 ( = חלה 1 K 15:23 ).
† I. [ ְאָה
ֶחלS 2457 , 2458
TWOT 649a
GK 2689 , 2690
] n. f. rust ( perhaps as filth v.
supr. ) — ֶחלְאָתָהּEz 24:6 , 12 + v 11 , 12 ( del. Co intern. grounds) + v 6
( ֶחלְאָ ָת ֿהcf. Ges § 91, 1; R. 2 ) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.
† ָחלָב S 2461
TWOT 650a
GK 2692
n. m. milk ( NH id. (and vb. denom.);
Aramaic ָא
ַח ְלבּ, , Ph. ; חלבArabic n. fresh milk , vb. milk; Assyrian alibu , milk ,
v. Dl Pr 174
; Ethiopic ) — ח׳abs. Gn 18:18 + 35 times + Ez 34:3 ( v. infr. );
cstr. ֵב ֲחלEx 23:19 + 5 times; sf. ֲח ָלבִיCt 5:1 , ֲח ָל ֵב ְךEz 25:4 ;— milk: a. as
common food Gn 18:8 ( J ; distinct from ְאָה ֶחמcurd , q.v. ), ֲחלֵב צֹאןDt 32:14
(poet.; distinct from ָר ;) ֶחמְאַת ָבּקin Ju 5:25 ָחלָבis used parallel with ; ֶחמְאָה
elsewhere ְאָה ֶחמseems to be produced from ָחלָב:— מִיץ ָחלָב יוֹצִיא ֶחמְאָהPr
30:33 a pressing ( squeezing ) of milk produces curd; ְאָה עֲשׂוֹת ָחלָב יֹאכַל ֶחמ
מֵרֹבIs 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; cf. also ֶה ָחלָב
ֲח ִרצֵי1 S 17:18 cuts of milk , i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (
) ֲעטִינָיוJb 21:24 ( v. Ew De Di VB ), and kept in skins ( ) נֹאוד ח׳Ju 4:19 ;
men drank it ( ) שׁתהEz 25:4 ( cf. השׁקהJu 4:19 ), but also ate it ( ) אכל, if
emend. ָב ֶה ָחלEz 34:3 (for ) ַה ֵחלֶבis right, B Bö Hi - Sm Co , al. ; it was
poured out, v. sim. of formation of the embryo כנִי ֵ הֲלֹא כֶח׳ ַתּתִּיJb 10:10 hast
thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) ך ָ ֲחלֵב ִעזִּים ְל ַל ְח ְמPr 27:27 milk of
goats for thy food ( RS Sem i. 204
). (2) c. ֵם
אmother’s milk: of kid ַשּׁל גְּדִי ֵ לֹא־ ְתב
ַבּ ֲחלֵב אִמּוֹEx 23:19 = 34:26 (JE) = Dt 14:21 , cf. ְטלֵה ח׳1 S 7:9 sucking
lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings ֵח׳
מ גְּמוּלֵיIs 28:9 weaned from milk ( ||
ִשּׁ ָד֑יִם
ָ ;) ַעתִּיקֵי מfig. in promise to Zion וְיָנַ ְק ְתּ ֲחלֵב גּוֹיִםIs 60:16 and thou shalt
suck the milk of nations ( || ִים ) תִּינָ֑קִי וְשֹׁד ְמ ָלכ. (3) ח׳with wine, as especially
delicacy Ct 5:1 ( v. De ), fig. of ’ י׳s choicest blessings Is 55:1 . (4) often in phr.
of productiveness of land of Canaan ( ַשׁ זָבַת ָחלָב וּ ְד ָב֑שׁ ) ְדּבflowing with milk and
honey Ex 3:8 , 17 ; 13:5 ; 33:3 Nu 13:27 ; 14:8 ; 16:14 (all JE), Lv 20:24 ( H ),
Dt 6:3 ; 11:9 ; 26:9 , 15 ; 27:3 ; 31:20 Jos 5:6 Je 11:5 ; 32:22 Ez 20:6 , 15 , of
Egypt Nu 16:13 ; the hills כנָה ח׳
ְ ֵתּ ַלJo 4:18 ( || ;) יִטְּפוּ ֶה ָהרִים ָעסִיסּfig. of
charms of loved one ך
ְ ֵלְשׁוֹנ ְדּבַשׁ וְח׳ ַתּחַתCt 4:12 honey and milk are under thy
tongue . b. milk as white ֵח׳
ֶן־שׁנַּיִם מ
ִ ְלבGn 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ
מֵח׳La 4:7 they were whiter than milk ( || ִשּׁלֶג
ֶ ;) זַכּוּ מso also prob. of eyes (iris)
רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳Ct 5:12 bathed in milk , i.e. the white of the eye.—On milk as not used
Sem 204
by Israel in sacrifice v. RS .
II.חלב TWOT 650 , 651 ( √ of foll.; perhaps cf. Assyrian ḫalâbu , be covered , VR
8:83 Lyon Manual, Gloss , ḫallibu , cover, clothe , IR 18, 68 hÉallubtu , clothing , Lyon
Sargontexte 14
, ḫitlupatu, naḫlapu (read b for p ) Schr COT Gloss ) .
† ְבּוֹן ֶחלS 2463 GK 2696 n.pr.loc. place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳Ez
27:18 ; so also Assyrian n.pr. terr. Ḫibunim or Hilbunu , v. Schr COT and Dl in
Co Mod. Ḫalbûn , NW. from Damascus, Wetzst ZMG xi. 1857, 490 f. Bd Pal. 341 .
† אַ ְחלָב S 303
GK 331
n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Ju 1:31 , site unknown,
Δαλαφ ( = Ααλαφ ) ( WMaxMüller Asien u. Europa 194 thinks corrupt. for מחלב,
Assyrian Maḫalliba (which Schr COT
Ju 1:37 Dl Pa 283
comp. with אחלבand
;) ֶח ְלבָּהhe reads מחלבfor ֵמ ֶחבֶל
n.pr.loc. Jos 19:29 , καὶ ἀπὸ Λεβ = וּמֵחֹלֶב
; this would be on coast, N. of Achzib ) .
† ֶ ֫חלֶד S 2465
TWOT 653a
GK 2698
n. [ m. ] Jb 11:17 duration, world ( = αἰών
† ֵ ֫חלֶד S 2466
GK 2699
n.pr. m. ( Sab. n.pr. חֿלד DHM Epigr. Denkm. 35
) one of
David’s heroes, son of ענָה
ֲ ַבּ1 Ch 11:30 A L Αλαδ ( = ֶח ְלדַּי27:15 = ֵחלֶב
2 S 23:29 ).
† ֫
חֹלֶד S 2467
TWOT 654a
GK 2700
n. [ m. ] weasel ( NH ; חוּ ְלדָּאArabic
mole or blind-rat , or a species of rat; on format. v. Lag BN 144
) — weasel Lv
l.c.
11:29 ( Vrss Ki Thes al. v. especially Di ; > Saad Bö MV SS Lag
mole ).
† I. ָחלָהS 2470
TWOT 655 , 656
GK 2703 , 2704
vb. be weak, sick ( NH id. ; Aramaic
ֲחלָאsuffer (rare); Assyrian ḫalû , sickness, grief , Dl Pr 181 ) — Qal Pf. ח׳1 K 14:1 +
8 times; 2 fs. ִית ָחלIs 57:10 ; 1 s. ָחלִיתִי1 S 30:13 + 2 times; וְ ָחלִי֫תִיconsec. Ju
16:7 , 11 , 17 , ָ֫לוּ חJe 5:3 (so read, v. infr. ); Impf. וַיָּ֑חַל2 K 1:2 ; Inf. sf. חֲלֹתוֹ
Is 38:9 ; ִי
חֲלוֹתψ 77:11 cf. sub Pi. ; חֲלוֹתָםψ 35:13 ; Pt. חֹלֶהGn 48:1 + 6 times +
1 S 22:8 ( v. infr. ); ֶה חוֹלNe 2:2 Mal 1:13 ; f. חוֹלָהEc 5:12 + 3 times (for Je 4:31
v. I. ) חוּל, cstr. ַת חוֹלCt 2:5 ; 5:8 ;— 3. be or become weak , Samson Ju 16:7 , 11 ,
17 ; feel weak Is 57:10 ( Che ) Ez 34:4 , 16 . 4. become sick, ill Gn 48:1 ( E ) 1 S
19:14 ; 30:13 1 K 14:1 , 5 ; 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא2 Ch 16:2 ) 17:17 2 K 1:2 ; 8:7
; 13:14 ( c. acc. cogn. ) 20:12 = Is 39:1 , Is 33:24 ; 38:9 Pr 23:35 ψ 35:13 Ne
2:2 , cf. ψ 77:11 ִי חֲלוֹתfor חַלּוֹתִיChe after Bi ; lame and sick —i.e. imperfect for
sacrifice—of animals Mal 1:8 , 13 ; sick from effect of wounds 2 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 22:6
, cf. Pr 23:35 , ָה
ַמכּwith ֳחלִיDt 28:59 , 61 Je 6:7 ; 10:19 ; hyperbol. sick from love
חוֹלַת אַ ֲהבָה אניCt 2:5 ; 5:8 ; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת2 K 20:1 = Is 38:1 ,
( ח׳עד־למותlate) 2 Ch 32:24 ; Je 5:3 read prob. ֫( לֹא חָלוּfor MT ָ ֫חלוּ, v. I. ) חול
of the people, unmoved by ’ י׳s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not
sick ( cf. Niph. Am 6:6 ); of sickness of the mind in MT 1 S 22:8 sq. ַל ( עbut read
rather ֵלחֹמ Gr Klo Dr ); pt. as adj. severe, sore ָה ָרעָה חוֹלEc 5:12 , 15 ;—
on Je 4:31 v. I. חול. Niph. Pf. 1 s. ִי נֶ ֱחלֵיתDn 8:27 ; 3 pl. נֶחְלוּAm 6:6 Je 12:13
; Pt. f. ָה נַ ֲחלIs 17:11 + 4 times; pl. נַחְלוֹתEz 34:4 ( del. Co ) v 21 ;— 1. make
oneself sick , fig. for strain oneself Je 12:13 (but Gr ְאוּ ) נִל. 2. be made sick Dn 8:27 ;
לֹא נֶח׳of indifference, apathy Am 6:6 sq. ( עלcf. Qal Je 5:3 ); pt. diseased , as
subst. c. art. Ez 34:4 ( del. Co ) v 21 ; = severe, sore (pred. of ָה ) ַמכּNa 3:19 Je
10:19 ; 14:17 ; 30:12 ; also ( ָה ַמכּom.) Is 17:11 . Pi. Pf. ִחלָּהmake sick , c. acc.
cogn. + בּ ְ of land Dt 29:21 ; Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיאψ 77:11 read prob. חֲלוֹתִי, Inf.
Qal, my sickness , so Bi Che (others der. from חללmy wounding , v. De ).—For
other forms of Pi. v. II. חלה. Pu. Pf. be made weak , 2 ms. ת ָ ֻחלֵּיIs 14:10 . Hithp.
Impf. חל ֑ ָ וַיִּ ְת2 S 13:6 ; Imv. ִה ְת ָ ֑חל2 S 13:5 ; Inf. ִה ְתחַלּוֹת2 S 13:2 ;— make
oneself sick , of Ammon’s morbid passion for his sister 2 S 13:2 , sq. ֲבוּר ; ַבּעof his
pretended sickness of body 2 S 13:5 , 6 . Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. ִי ֶה ֱחלIs 53:10 ; 1 s. ֶה ֱה ֵלתִי
Mi 6:13 ; pl. ֱלוּ ֶהחHo 7:5 (on text v. infr. ); Pt. ַמ ֲחלָהPr 13:12 ;— 1. make ( sick ,
i.e.) sore thy smiting ך ָ ֑ הַכּוֹ ֶתMi 6:13 ( cf. Na 3:19 , Niph.); obj. (implic.) a person,
ֶה ֱחלִי וי׳ ָחפֵץ ַדּכְּאוֹIs 53:10 it pleased י׳to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise
him sorely , v. further Di . 2. make sick , obj. ֵב ( לof hope deferred) Pr 13:12 . 3. shew
(signs of) sickness, become sick , only מיָּ֑יִן ִ הֶח׳ שׂרים ֲחמַתHo 7:5 princes are become
sick with fever of wine ( Now Che VB ; > Vrss Hi - St who read ֵלּוּ ֵהחthey begin the
day with wine-fever). Hoph. Pf. be made sick = wounded ִי הָֽ ֳחלֵית1 K 22:34 = 2
Ch 18:33 , 2 Ch 35:23 .
† ֳחלִי S 2483
TWOT 655a
GK 2716
n. m. Dt 28:59 sickness , ִי
ֳחלDt 28:61 + 8
times; ִי ֑ Dt 7:15 + 2 times; sf.
חֹל ָחלְיוֹ Is 38:9 + 7 times + Ec 5:16 (where del.
sf. , cf. Vrss Now ); pl. ליִםָ ֳחDt 28:59 , ֳח ָליִים2 Ch 21:15 , ֳח ָליֵנוּIs 53:4 ;—
sickness, disease Dt 7:15 ; 28:59 , 61 1 K 17:17 2 K 1:2 ; 8:8 , 9 ; 13:14 Is
38:9 2 Ch 16:12 ( ×2 ) ; 21:15 ( ×2 ) , 19 ψ 41:4 Ec 6:2 ; of the suffering servant of
י׳ Is 53:3 , 4 (in both || ְאֹב
;) ַמכof rich man Ec 5:16 (read וָ ֳחלִי, v. supr. );
incurable disease ֵא
ַמ ְרפּ ח׳ ְלאֵין 2 Ch 21:18 ; recover from sickness ֵחלי
מ חיה Is
38:9 ; metaph. of distress of land Ho 5:13 ( || ָזוֹר
) מ, Is 1:5 Je 10:19 ; = wound ,
of violence in Jerusalem Je 6:7 ( || ָה
) ַמכּ.
† [ ֶה
ַמ ֲחלS 4245
TWOT 655b
GK 4700
] n. [ m. ] sickness, disease — sf. ַמ ֲחלֵהוּ
Pr 18:14 his sickness ( = any sickness of his); of specif. disease, cstr. ַמ ֲחלֵה ֵמ ֶע֑י ָך
2 Ch 21:15 ( + ִים
ַרבּ ָבּ ֳח ָליִים, ) ֵמהַחֹ֑לִי.
† [ ֲלוּי
ַמחS 4251
TWOT 655d
GK 4708
] n. m. sickness, suffering (caused by
wounds, cf. חלה 2 K 8:29 )—only pl. intens. ליִים
ֻ ַמ ֲח2 Ch 24:25 .
† II. [ ָה
ָחלS 2470 TWOT 655 , 656 GK 2703 , 2704 ] vb. only Pi. sq. ְפּנֵי, ָפּנֶי ָך, ָפּנַיְִך
= mollify, appease, entreat the favour of , lit. make the face of any one sweet or
pleasant ( cf. Arabic be sweet, pleasant , Aramaic , ִי
ֲחל, id. , adj. ָחלֵיsweet ) ;—
Pi. Pf. ִחלָּה 2 Ch 33:12 , ִי
ִחלִּית1 S 13:12 ψ 119:58 , וְחִלּוּconsec. Jb 11:19 ,
ִחלִּינוּDn 9:13 ; Impf. וַיְחַלEx 32:11 + 3 times, יְחַלּוּψ 45:13 Pr 19:6 ; Imv.
חַל־נָא1 K 13:6 , חַלּוּ־נָאMal 1:9 ; Inf. cstr. ְלחַלּוֹתZc 7:2 + 2 times;— 1. ח׳
את־פני־י׳: a. mollify, pacify, appease י׳, i.e. induce him to shew favour in place of
wrath and chastisement Ex 32:11 (JE), 1 K 13:6 ( + ֵל ) ִה ְת ַפּלּ, v 6 2 K 13:4 Je
26:19 ( + ֶם) וַיִּנָּ֫ח, 2 Ch 33:12 ( || ) וַיִָּכּנַע מאד ִמ ִלּ ְפנֵי, Dn 9:13 ; also ח׳ פני־אֵל
Mal 1:9 ( sq. ח ֑נֵּנוּ ָ וִיthat he may be gracious to us ). b. entreat the favour of י׳, i.e.
aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, 1 S 13:12 (in anticipation of
war), Zc 8:21 , 22 ( || ֶת־י׳ ; ְל ַבקֵּשׁ אof cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem
for worship), Zc 7:2 ( || ֶת־י׳
א ) ְל ַבקֵּשׁof worship at Jerusalem; quite gen., as habit
of God-fearing man, ψ 119:58 ( + ֵב ) ְבּכָל־ל. 2. entreat favour of men (in sense of 1
b — בּים יְח׳ ִ פני־נָדִיב ַרPr 19:6 many entreat a prince’s favour ( || וְכָל־ ָה ֵר ַע ְלאִישׁ
יח׳ ָפּנַיְִך ;) ַמתָּןψ 45:13 of favour of king’s bride; וְח׳ ָפּנֶי ָך ַרבִּיםJb 11:19 f avour
of Job when absolved and restored.
I. † ַמ ֲחלַת TWOT 656a
n. f. only in ψ titles ַל־ם׳
עψ 53:1 ; 88:1 ; appar. a
catchword in a song, giving name to tune; meaning dub. ; Aq. Symm . B מְחֹלֹת
dance; v. Ol Psalmen, p. 27 Bae Psalmen, p. xviii .
† I. ִי
ֲחלS 2481 , 2482
TWOT 657a
GK 2717 , 2718
n. m. ornament , נֶזֶם זָהָב
וַ ֲחלִי־ ָ ֑כּתֶם Pr 25:12 a (nose- or ear-) ring of gold and (neck- or breast-) ornament of
fine gold; pl. ֲח ָלאִים Ct 7:2 , in sim. of grace and beauty.
† II. ִי
ֲחלS 2481 , 2482 TWOT 657a GK 2717 , 2718
n.pr.loc. in Asher Jos 19:25 , site
unknown ( v. conject. in Di ).
† [ ליָה
ְ ֶחS 2484 TWOT 657b
GK 2719
] n. f. jewelry , ָהּ
נִזְמָהּ וְ ֶח ְליָתHo 2:15 ( v.
Now Che ).
† ַח ֲחלS 2477 GK 2712 n.pr.loc. a city or district under Assyrian control, whither
Isr. captives were taken 2 K 17:6 = 18:11 , 1 Ch 5:26 , cf. Ḫalaḫḫu in
Mesopotamia, Schr COT on 2 K 17:8 ; > Hal Mél. Epigr. 1874, 70 Cilicia ( = Ph. חלך,
Lag M . i. 211 , Assyrian Ḫilakku , Lyon Sargontexte ) Lag BN 57 .
† ַחלְחוּל S 2478 GK 2713 n.pr.loc. town in Judah, Jos 15:58 Lag Onom. 119. 7, 2nd ed.
152
Elul in tribu Iuda, cf. Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl , 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles)
N. from Hebron, v. Di (and reff.) Bla Rob BR iii. 281 f. Guérin Judée iii. 284 ff.
†[ ָחלַטS 2480
TWOT 658
GK 2715
] vb. only ֶנּוּ
ֲה ִממּ וַיַּ ְחלְטוּ 1 K 20:33 , read
prob. ֶנּוּ ( וַיַּ ְחלְטוּ ָה ִממּcf. ἀνέλεξαν τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ του̂ στόματος αὐτου̂ and Sta G i.
445f.
) and they snatched it from him , caught the word from his lips; Sta § 529a as Qal ;
Kö i . 251 Ges § 53. 3 R 4 and most as Hiph. , with— ִ om.
חלךTWOT 659
( √ of foll.; poss. ( si vera l. ) cf. Arabic be black (passing into fig.
sense, unfortunate , in Heb. ), v. Bae ψ 10:8 ; cf. Aramaic ך
ְ ) חֲשׁוֹ.
† חֵֽ ְלכָה S 2489
TWOT 659a
GK 2724
read ֶה
ַח ְלכּ, ֶח ְלכֶּה, or ָח ְלכֶּה, adj.
hapless, unfortunate , only as subst. hapless, luckless one ( s )— ָה
ְלחֵֽ ְלכψ 10:8 ,
εἰς τὸν πένητα , S ; ָה ֵח ֶל֑כ10:14 ὁ πτωχός ; חלכאים10:10 Kt , read
pl. ִים חֶל׳ ( ַח ְל ָכּא, ;) חָל׳Qr חֵל ָכּאִים, τω̂ν πενήτων . In all text and meaning
dub. ( MT reads ָה חֵי ְל ָך = ֵח ְלכthine army; and חֵל ָכּאִיםv 10 army of dejected
ones , but this against usage of ֵל ח, and no such fig. sense of ַחיִל, v. Ol Hup
De Bae Che , and crit. n.)
† I. ָחלַלS 2490
TWOT 660 , 660e , 661
GK 2725 , 2726 , 2727
vb. bore, pierce ( Arabic
perforate, pierce through, transfix , Ethiopic (hollow) reed; Aramaic ַל
ֲחלhollow out ,
ֲחלִילָאpipe; adj. hollow , cave , sheath , etc.; NH in deriv. ָחלָלn. hollow , adj. slain
, ִיל
ָחלpipe ) ;— Qal Pf. ִלבִּי ָחלַל ְבּ ִק ְרבִּיmy heart is pierced (wounded) within me ψ
109:22 (? lit. one has pierced my heart; or read Pu. ַל ;)? ֻחלּInf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיאψ
77:11 it is my piercing, my wound my woe; Hu. Pe Bi Che read ִי חֲלוֹתmy sickness ).
Pi. Pt. pl. (Baer) ך ָ ֑ ְבּיַד ְמחַללֶיEz 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee ( Sm
Co read ך ָ ֑) מְחוֹ ְל ֶל. Pu. Pt. ְמ ֻח ֲללֵי ֶהרֶבpierced by the sword Ez 32:26 . Po el. Pf. 3
fs. ָשׁ ָבּ ִר ַח חֹ ֲללָה יָדוֹ נָחJb 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; רַב־מְחוֹלֵל
כֹּלPr 26:10 an archer piercing all ( v. ) חולPt. f. מְחוֹ ֶללֶת ַתּנִּיןIs 51:9 who
pierced the dragon . Po al. Pt. ֵינוּ ְשׁעָ מְחֹלָל ִמפּIs 53:5 pierced, wounded because of
our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, || ֵינוּ ) ְמ ֻדכָּא ֵמעֲוֹנֹת.
I. ָחלָל S 2491
TWOT 660a , 661b
GK 2728 , 2729
90 n. m. pierced , ח׳abs. Dt. 21:1 +
25 times; cstr. ֲחלַל Nu 19:16 ; pl. ֲח ָללִים Nu 23:24 + 28 times; cstr. ַח ְללֵי Is
22:2 + 21 times; sf. ך ָ ֲח ָללֶיψ 69:27 , etc. + 11 times sfs. ;— 1. pierced, fatally
wounded ψ 69:27 Je 51:52 Ez 26:15 ; 30:24 La 2:12 Jb 24:12 . 2. slain Nu
19:18 ; 31:8 , 19 ( P ), etc.; sg. coll. 2 S 23:8 , 18 = 1 Ch 11:11 , 20 Ez 6:7 ;
30:11 , etc., but usually pl. Gn 34:27 1 S 17:52 ( RV wounded ) Je 51:49 , etc.; †
ַח ְללֵי ֶחרֶבIs 22:2 Je 14:18 Ez 31:17 , 18 ; 32:20 , 21 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ,
32 Zp 2:12 La 4:9 ; רעב ַח ְללֵי La 4:9 ; יהוה ַח ְללֵי Is 66:16 Je 25:33 .
† ַחלָּה S 2471
TWOT 660b
GK 2705
n. f. a kind of cake ( prob. as perforated , v.
Di Lv 2:4 ) — ח׳ abs. Nu 15:20 Lv 24:5 ; cstr. ַחלַּת Ex 29:23 + 4 times; pl.
חַלּוֹת Lv 2:4 + 2 times; ַלֹּת חEx 29:2 + 3 times—used in offerings: 1. at the sacrif.
of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering 2 S 6:19 .
2. elsewhere only P ( H Lv 24:5 ( ×2 ) ): a. of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy
place, made of סלתLv 24:5 ( ×2 )
. b. made of ערסת
ראשׁיתas an offering of first-
fruits Nu 15:20 . c. of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the ָה עוֹלEx 29:23 = Lv 8:26 .
d. of ָה
ַמצּburnt on the altar with c Lv 8:26 , but usually to be eaten by participants in
the several forms of peace-offering Nu 6:19 , and as such mingled with oil Ex 29:2
Lv 2:4 7:12 ( ×2 ) Nu 6:15 . e. ח׳ לחם חמץto be used by the offerer in connexion
with the unleavened cakes of d Lv 7:13 .
† חַלּוֹן S 2474
TWOT 660c
GK 2707
n. m. Jos 2:18 and f. Ez 40:16 window ,
abs. ַהחַלּוֹןGn 26:8 + 12 times; cstr. חַלּוֹןGn 8:6 Pr 7:6 ; sf. ֯ חַלּוֹנָוEz 40:22 ;
mpl. ַלּוֹנִים חEz 40:25 + 3 times; cstr. חַלּוֹנֵי1 K 6:4 ; sf. ֑ חַלּוֹנָיJe 22:14
(defective pl. Ges § 87 (1)c , dual Ew § 177 a , but read ָפוֹן
ָ — יו סMich Hi Gf
Or Gie ); ַלּוֹנֵינוּ
חJe 9:20 ; f. חַלּוֹנוֹתEz 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹתCt 2:9 + 3
times; window ַח ח׳ ָפּתopen the window Gn 8:6 ( P ) 2 K 13:17 ; עלה בח׳Je 9:20
; בעד הח׳through the window Gn 26:8 Jos 2:15 ( J ) Ju 5:28 1 S 19:12 2 S 6:16
= 1 Ch 15:29 , 2 K 9:30 Jo 2:9 ; latticed windows 1 K 6:4 Ez 40:16 ; 41:16 ,
26 ; בּח׳Jos 2:18 , 21 ( J ) Pr 7:6 Zp 2:14 ; ֶל־הח׳
א2 K 9:32 ; מִן־הח׳Ct 2:9 ;
windows of palace, )ַלּוֹנָי(ו
ָקרַע לוֹ חJe 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the
gates of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16 , 22 , 25 ( ×2 ) , 29 , 33 , 36 , of the temple itself
Ez 41:16 ( ×2 ) .
† II. [ ַל
ָחלS 2490
TWOT 660 , 660e , 661
GK 2725 , 2726 , 2727
] vb. denom. play the
pipe, pipe — Qal Pt. pl. ְשׁ ִרים כְּחֹ ֲללִים
ָו ψ 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-
players , cf. AV ; < RV Pe De Che Bae al. Pô lel Pt. from I. חוּלdancers .
Pi. Pt. וְ ָהעָם ְמ ַח ְלּלִים ַבּ ֲח ִללִים 1 K 1:40 and the people piped with pipes ( cf.
Assyrian ḫâlalu , according to Dl in Zim BP 117
).
† [ ָה
ְמ ִחלּS 4247
TWOT 660f
GK 4704
] n. f. hole , ָר
ָעפ ְמחִלּוֹתholes of the dust
Is 2:19 ( || ִים
ֻצר ְמעָרוֹתcause of the rocks ).
Note .— ַשּׂא
ָ ִממּ וַיָּחֵלּוּ ְמעַטHo 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden
RV Hi al. ; Wü Now read ִלוּ ( וְיָחI. חול, —) חילfor om. of dagh. v. also וְיָחֵלוּof
Cod. Bab. — shall be in anguish a little for the burden , so Ra AV ; Ew ִלוּ וְיָחthat
they may wait (?) a little; וחדלו מעט ממשׁחcease a little from anointing , so Che
We , this probably best.
† חֹל S 2455
TWOT 623a , 661a
GK 2687
n. [ m. ] profaneness, commonness ;—
ֶלחֶם חֹל 1 S 21:5 , ך חֹל
ְ ֶדּ ֶרv 6 ; in concrete sense, opp. קֹדֶשׁ Lv 10:10 ( P ),
Ez 22:26 ; 42:20 ; 44:23 ; 48:15 .
† ָחלִילָה S 2486
TWOT 661c
GK 2721
subst. c. ה loc. , used as exclam. lit. ad
profanum! i.e. far be it (for me, thee, etc.)! ( v. Ba NB 136
) — ח׳ Gn 44:7 + 17
times, ָה
ָח ִללGn 18:25 + 2 times—alone, 1 S 14:45 ; 20:2 ; elsewhere c. ְל pers. :
Gn 18:25b ( J ), 1 S 2:30 ; 20:9 ; 22:15 ; + ִן
מand inf. of act deprecated Gn
18:25a ; 44:7 , 17 (all J ), Jos 24:16 ( E ), 1 S 12:23 2 S 23:17 ; + ל ִממֶּנּוּ
(peculiarly) Jos 22:29 ( P ; = from it, even to rebel ); + ִם
= ( אsurely not ) 2 S
20:20 ( ח׳ ) ח׳, Jb 27:5 ; strengthened idiom. by מיהוה, ִיּ׳
מ ח׳לִי sq. מִןand inf.
1 S 26:11 1 K 21:3 + 2 S 23:17 (read מיהוה, L S ) = 1 Ch 11:19 (
) מאלהי sq. אִם 1 S 24:7 ; ֶשׁע
ַ ֵמר ח׳ ָלאֵל Jb 34:10 .
† ְתּ ִחלָּה S 8462
TWOT 661d
GK 9378
n. f. beginning , ָה
ַה ְתּ ִחלּNe 11:17 (read
ַה ְתּ ִהלָּה B SS Öt ), ָה
ַבּ ְתּ ִחלּGn 13:3 + 10 times; cstr.
ְתּ ִחלַּתHo 1:2 Pr
9:10 Ec 10:13 , ַת ִבּ ְת ִחלּ2 K 17:25 + 4 times, ְת ִחלַּת2 S 21:9 , ִמ ְתּ ִחלַּת2 S 21:10
:— cstr. with nouns ָה תּ׳ ָח ְכמPr 9:10 the beginning, first principle of wisdom תּ׳
ִדּ ְברֵיEc 10:13 the first word , sq. rel. clause תּ׳ ִדּבֶּר י׳at the beginning of,
Yahweh spake ( = when Yahweh first spake) Ho 1:2 ; preceded by prep. ִן מ2S
21:10 , elsewhere by בּ ְ in beginning , of the harvest Ru 1:22 2 S 21:9 ( Qr ), of the
kingdom Ezr 4:6 , of their dwelling there 2 K 17:25 , of supplications Dn 9:23 , of
the shooting up of vegetation Am 7:1 , ְ׳ ְכּ ַבתּas in the beginning Is 1:26 ; ַבּתְּ׳at
first, first in order Ju 1:1 ; 20:18 ( ×2 ) 2 S 17:9 ; at the first, first (or former ) time ,
i.e. first in a series of occurrences, Gn 13:3 ( J ), 41:21 ( E ), 43:18 , 20 ( J ), Dn
8:1 ; 9:21 .
† I. [ ָחלַםS 2492
TWOT 662 , 663
GK 2730 , 2731
] vb. be healthy, strong ( NH id. ;
Aramaic Ethp. be made healthy, strong Aph. causat., also deriv.; ַם
ֲחלpress firmly
together ) — Qal Impf. יַ ְחלְמוּ ְבנֵיהֶם Jb 39:4 their young are healthy . Hiph. Impf. 2
ms. וְ ַת ֲחלִי ֵמנִי Is 38:16 and restore me to health ( || חיֵ֫ינִי
ְ ) וְ ַה.
ַחלָּמוּת S 2495
TWOT 664
GK 2733
n. f. name of a plant, with thick, slimy juice,
purslain , Jb 6:6 RVm , so Thes Rob Ges al. ; S , anchusa PS i, 1284 ; on this,
and later interpr. v. Bö Di Löw pp. 165, 361 ; only ָמוּת אִם־יֶשׁ־ ַטעַם ְבּרִור ַחלּJb
6:6 is there any taste in the juice of ( ח׳fig. of insipid and dull discourse); > AV
RV Ew Hi SS after Saad Rabb. in the white of an egg. The ref. is to Job’s
suffering (from which as little joy comes as from eating unsavoury food, so now
Comm. generally), rather than to the unpalatable words of his friends. It is doubtful
whether Di ’s reason for perferring purslain to ֶחלְמוֹנָאyolk of egg ( רִיר ח׳
slime of yolk , i.e. the white of the egg) is convincing, viz. that ancient Hebrews did
not keep hens, or that of De , viz. that white of egg is not slime and is not
unpalatable; meaning yolk preferred also by Da Bu Du .
חֵלֹן S 2497
GK 2735
, חֹלוֹןS 2473
GK 2708
v. sub. I. and II. חול
† ָחלַףS 2498
TWOT 666
GK 2736 , 2737
vb. pass on or away, pass through (mostly
poet.) ( NH id. , pass by or away, change; Ph. חלפתequivalent , Reinach RÉJ 188, 276 ;
Hoffm G. G. Abh. xxxvi. 1890, 20
; Aramaic ַף
ֲחלpass away, change; change, substitute; Nab.
חלףchange (?) Eut p. 53
; Arabic come after, succeed, replace [ cf. ‘Caliph’ i.e.
successor (of Mohammed)] and many deriv. Lane 792–799
; so also ויחלפהMI 6 and his
son succeeded him; Ethiopic pass by, across, through ) — Qal Pf. ָחלַף Ct 2:11 Hb
1:11 etc.; Impf. יַחֲלֹףJb 4:15 + 4 times; 3 fs. sf. ַתּ ְח ְל ֵפ֫הוּJb 20:24 ; יַחֲלֹ֑פוּψ
102:27 ; Inf. cstr. ֲלוֹף ַלחIs 21:1 ;— 1. a. pass on quickly 1 Sa 10:3 ; elsewhere only
poet., move or sweep on , of a flood Is 8:8 , or wind 21:1 Jb 4:15 Hb 1:11 , of God Jb
9:11 ; 11:10 . b. pass away ( vanish ) Jb 9:26 (of days); Ct 2:11 (of rain || ) עבר, of the
heavens ψ 102:27 , of idols Is 2:18 , (but perhaps gloss JBL ix. 1890, 86 ). 2. of grass,
come on anew , i.e. sprout again ( cf. Hiph. 2 ) ψ 90:5 , 6 , so Thes AV De Hi
Che Bae al. ; less suitably in context B Ew pass away , supr. 1 b. 3. trans. a.
pass through , i.e. pierce, sq. acc. Ju 5:26 Jb 20:24 . b. overstep, transgress Is 24:5 (
|| ) עבר, ( cf. Arabic IV. to break a promise). Pi. Impf. ֵף
( וַיְ ַחלּcause to pass ) change ,
sq. acc. garment Gn 41:14 ( E ) 2 S 12:20 . Hiph. Pf. ֶח ֱחלִף Gn 31:7 ; Impf. יַ ֲחלִיף
Jb 14:7 ; sf. יַ ֲחלִיפֶנּוּLv 27:10 ; 3 fs. ַתּ ֲחלִיףJb 29:20 ; 2 ms. וַ ַתּ ֲחלֵףGn 31:41 ;
sf. יַ ֲח ִל֫יפוּ ; ַתּ ֲחלִיפֵםIs 40:31 ; 41:1 ; נַ ֲחלִיףIs 9:9 ;— 1. change ( trans. ) garments
Gn 35:2 ( E ) ψ 102:27 , wages Gn 31:7 , 41 (both E ); no obj. expr. Lv 27:10 ( P );
substitute i.e. cause to succeed Is 9:9 ; change for better, renew , obj. חַ ֹ כּIs 40:31 ;
41:1 . 2. shew newness , of tree, putting forth fresh shoots Jb 14:7 , of bow 29:20 .
ֵ ֫חלS
† I. ֶף 2500 , 2501
TWOT 666a
GK 2738 , 2739
n. [ m. ] exchange , only cstr. , as
† חֲלוֹף S 2475
TWOT 666b
GK 2710
n. m. a passing away, vanishing ( properly
Inf. of ח׳ — ) חלף ְבּנֵי Pr 31:8 i. e. those who are passing away, transitory ( cf.
Qal 1 b ).
G. G. Abh. Gött.Gel.Abhandlungen .
† [ ָה
ֲחלִיפS 2487
TWOT 666c
GK 2722
] n. f. a change ( from idea of replacing,
changing, substituting , cf. Arabic, Aramaic ) — sf. ֲחלִי ָפתִיJb 14:14 ; pl. abs.
ֲחלִיפוֹתJu 14:19 + 3 times; cstr. id. Ju 14:13 2 K 5:5 ; ֲחלִפוֹתGn 45:22 + 2
times; ִפֹת ֲחלGn 45:22 Ju 14:12 ;— 1. change of raiment ח׳ שׂמלתGn 45:22 ( ×2 )
, elsewhere ח׳ בגדיםJu 14:12 , 13 2 K 5:5 , 22 , 23 ; so without בגדיםJu 14:19
. 2. relays 1 K 5:28 ; cf. ח׳ וצבאJb 10:17 ( Di ). 3. revival after death, under fig.
of relief from milit. service Jb 14:14 4. changing, varying , of course of life ֲשׁרֶא
אֵין ֲחלִיפוֹת ָל֑מוֹψ 55:20 of the wicked, with whom are no changings , i.e. they do
evil incessantly, steadily ( || ְֽאוּ אלהים
) ולא יָרso Kmp Hu De Sch al. ; but the
expression is peculiar and obscure; Calv vicissitudes; Hengst discharges; text
perhaps corrupt.
† [ ָף
ַמ ֲחלS 4252
TWOT 666d
GK 4709
] n. m. knife , so B( cf. Syriac , totondit
(in Lex.), knife , Talm . חליפותknives , according to Levy , Jastr ; Thes as passing
through ( cf. vb. 3 a ) ) ; but √ and meaning not certain, only Pl. ָמ ֲח ָלפִים Ezr 1:9 ,
among temple utensils ( v. BeRy Ryle).
† [ ָה
ַמ ֲח ָלפS 4253
TWOT 666e
GK 4710
] n. f. plait (of hair; so called from
intertwining, passing through each other, of the strands)— Pl. cstr. רֹאשׁי
ִ ַמ ְחלְפוֹת
Ju 16:13 , cf. v 19 .
† I. ָחלַץS 2502
TWOT 667 , 668
GK 2740 , 2741
vb. draw off or out, withdraw ( NH
id. ; Aramaic ַץ
; ֲחלdespoil , usually Pa. etc.; Ph. n.pr. חלצבעלBaal has rescued , and
חלץalone; Arabic withdraw, retire ) — Qal Pf. Ho 5:6 ; וְחָֽ ְלצָהconsec. Dt 25:9 ;
חָֽלְצוּLa 4:3 ; Impf. 2 ms. ; ַתּחֲלֹץPt. pass. cstr. חֲלוּץDt 25:10 — 1. draw,
draw off , c. acc. of sandal Dt 25:9 Is 20:2 (both sq. רגֶל ֶ c. ) מִן, cf. בֵּית חֲלוּץ
ַהנָּ֑עַלDt 25:10 ; draw out, present the breast, of animal giving suck La 4:3 . 2. intrans.
withdraw (himself) sq. ִן מHo 5:6 . Niph. Pf. be delivered נֶ ֱח ָל֑ץPr 11:8 ( sq. ;) מִן
Impf. ל֑צוּ ֵ יֵ ָחPr 11:9 ; יֵחָֽלְצוּןψ 60:7 = 108:7 ( Ges § 51. 2. R. 2 ). Pi. Pf. ִחלֵּץLv
14:43 etc.; Impf. ֵץ יְ ַחלּJb 36:15 ; וָ ֲא ַח ְלּצָהψ 7:5 (but on text vid. infr. ad fin. ); sf.
ֲא ַח ֶלּ ְצ ָךψ 50:15 ; ֲא ַח ְלּ ֶ ֫צ ָדּψ 81:8 , etc.; Imv. ַח ְלּצָהψ 6:5 ; ַח ְלּ ֵצנִיψ 119:153 ; 140:2
;— 1. pull out, tear out Lv 14:40 , 43 ( P ; stones from infested house). 2. rescue,
† [ ָה
ֲחלִיצS 2488
TWOT 667a , 668a
GK 2723
] n. f. what is stripped off a person,
as plunder, in war;—only sf. ֲח ִלצָתוֹ 2 S 2:21 ; ָם
ֲחלִיצוֹתJu 14:19 .
† [ ָה
ַמ ֲח ָלצS 4254
TWOT 667b
GK 4711
] n. f. robe of state ( taken off in
ordinary life ) ;—only pl. abs. ָמ ֲחלָצוֹת Is 3:22 robes of ladies of Jerusalem; Zc
3:4 of high priest.
† [ ָץ
] ָחלn. [ f. ] only dual, loins ( as seat of strength, vigour; cf. Aramaic
ַח ְרצָאhip, loin , Syriac , Nö ZMG 1886, 741 ) — ֲח ָל ָצ֑יִםIs 32:11 ; sf. ֲח ָלצֶי ָךGn
35:11 + 4 times; ָיו ֲח ָלצIs 5:27 + 2 times; + חלצוKt Jb 31:20 , Qr —; ֲח ָלצָיו
Krochm A. Krochmal.
loins: 1. as seat of virility ח׳ יצא מן Gn 35:11 ( P ), 1 K 8:19 2 Ch 6:9 . 2. as
girded אזָר־
ֱ נָא ְכּגֶבֶר ח׳ Jb 38:3 ; 40:7 ; ָיו
ֲח ָלצ אֵזוֹר Is 5:27 ( v. ) אֵזוֹר, וַחֲג֫וֹרָה
עַל ֲח ָל ָ ֑ציִם 32:11 , cf. Jb 31:20 where the clothed loins are conceived as blessing
charitable giver; metaph. Is 11:5 f aithfulness waistcloth of his loins ( || ) מתניו. 3.
as seat of pains, like a woman’s in travail, Je 30:6 .
† ֶ ֫חלֶץ S 2503
GK 2742
n.pr. m. ( vigour ) . 1. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:26 ,
Σελλης , A Ελλης , L Χαλλης ; = 1 Ch 11:27 Χελλης , L
Ελλης ; also 1 Ch 27:10 Χεσλης , A L Χελλης (in both, Baer ֶץ
ֶחל, van
d. H. ) ֵחלֶץ. 2. man of Judah 1 Ch 2:39 = ָ ֑חלֶץ v 39 Χελλης L Αλλαν
.
† I. ָחלַקS 2505
TWOT 669 , 670
GK 2744 , 2745 , 2746
vb. divide, share ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ַק ֲחלfield , חוּ ְלּקָאportion , divide, determine, decree; Arabic measure,
measure off; Assyrian eḳlu, possession, field , Jäger BAS ii. 296 ; Ethiopic I. 2, is enumerate
, enumeration, number ) — Qal Pf. ח׳Dt 4:19 + 5 times; ְקוּ חָֽלJos 18:2 ; Impf.
יַחֲלֹקJb 27:17 Pr 17:2 ; 2 ms. sf. וַ ַתּ ְח ְלקֵםNe 9:22 ; 3 pl. וַיַּ ְחלְקוּJos 14:5 ;
יַחֲלֹ֑קוּ1 S 30:24 ; וַיַּ ְחלְקוּם1 Ch 24:4 , 5 ; ַתּ ְחלְקוּ2 S 19:30 ; Imv. ִחלְקוּJos 22:8 ;
Inf. ֲלֹק ַלחNe 13:13 ; Pt. חוֹלֵקPr 29:24 ;— 1. divide, apportion , sq. acc. (of gods)
and לְ pers. Dt 4:19 ; 29:25 ; acc. not expressed Ne 13:13 (ref. to offerings and
tithes); c. acc. (of land) Jos 14:5 ( P ), 18:2 (JE), 2 S 19:30 : obj. people Ne 9:22 ;
ח׳ עִםdivide with others Jos 22:8 ( D ?). 2. assign, distribute: Levites over ( ) על
temple 2 Ch 23:18 , cf. 1 Ch 24:4 , 5 . 3. assign, impart , sq. ִינָה ְל & ַבּבּJb 39:17 . 4.
share (in), sq. acc. silver Jb 27:17 ; inheritance Pr 17:2 ; spoil 1 S 30:24 ( obj. om.);
sq. עםhave shares with ח׳ עם ַגּנָּבPr 29:24 . 5. divide up = plunder the temple, sq.
acc. 2 Ch 28:21 ( v. Be ). Niph. Impf. יֵ ָחלֵק יֵ ָח֫לJb 38:24 ;
Nu 26:55 1 K 16:21 ; ֶק
וַּיֵּ ָחלֵק
Gn 14:15 ; 3 fs. ֵק ֵתּ ָחלNu 26:53 ; 26:56 ; ( וַיֶּֽ ָח ְלקֵםBaer) 1 Ch 23:6 ; 24:3
cf. Be & infr. sub Pi. ;— 1. reflex., divide oneself Gn 14:15 (i.e. one’s men). 2. pass.
be divided: a. apportioned , the land Nu 26:53 , 55 (by lot) v 56 ( id. ); all P . b. of
people, divided into two factions 1 K 16:21 . c. of light, parted, spread abroad Jb 38:24
. 3. trans. assign, distribute 1 Ch 23:6 ; 24:3 , but trans. Niph. is unlikely, v. infr. Pi.
Pf. 3 pl. ֵקוּ ִחלּJo 4:2 ; וְ ִח ַלּ ְקתֶּםconsec. Ez 47:21 ; sf. ִח ְלּקָםLa 4:16 ; 3 fs. sf.
ִח ְלּ ַק֫תָּה Is 34:17 ; 2 ms. sf. וְ ִח ַלּ ְקתָּם Ex 5:1 ;— Impf. יְ ַחלֵּק Gn 49:27 + 4 times,
etc.; prob. read ֵם
יְ ַח ְלּק1 Ch 23:6 ; 24:3 ( v. supr. Niph. ), etc.; Imv. ַחלֵּק Jos 13:7 ;
Inf. ַחלֵּק Jos 19:51 Pr 16:19 ; sf. ַח ְלּקָם Is 9:2 — 1. divide, apportion: food, at
festival 2 S 6:19 , sq. acc. & ל
ְ = 1 Ch 16:3 , garments ψ 22:19 , sorrows Jb 21:17
(no ל
ְ ); give a portion to , sq. ( ְלno acc. expr.) Is 53:12 ; a land Jo 4:2 (no ind. obj.
) Jos 19:51 ( P ), also Mi 2:4 , ψ 60:8 = 108:8 , Dn 11:39 ; sq. acc. & ל
ְ Jos 13:7 ;
18:10 1 K 18:6 Is 34:17 Ez 47:21 ; divide hair (symbol.) Ez 5:1 ; divide spoil ( ָל ָשׁל
) Is 9:2 Pr 16:19 Gn 49:27 (poem), Ex 15:9 (song); Ju 5:30 ψ 68:13 Is 53:12 . 2.
assign, distribute: Levites to their service, prob. 1 Ch 23:6 ; 24:3 ( v. supr. ) 3. scatter
, sq. acc. Gn 49:7 (poem) ( || ) הפיץ, La 4:16 . Pu. Pf. ַק ֻחלּIs 33:23 ; וְ ֻחלַּקconsec.
Zc 14:1 ; Impf. 3 fs. ְתּ ֻח ָלּ֑קAm 7:17 ; be divided , of land Am 7:17 ; spoil Is 33:23
Zc 14:1 . Hithp. Pf. ְקוּ וְ ִה ְת ַחלּconsec. Jos 18:5 divide (land) among themselves .
Hiph. Inf. ִק ַל ֲחלJe 37:12 ; to receive a portion (denom. from ) ֵחלֶק, but dub.
ֵ ֫חלS
† I. ֶק 2506 , 2507
TWOT 669a , 670a
GK 2749 , 2750 , 2751
n. m. Jos 18:5 portion,
† I. ָה
ֶח ְלקS 2513
TWOT 669b , 670c
GK 2753 , 2754
n. f. portion of ground;— abs.
ח׳Am 4:7 + 8 times; cstr. ַת
( ×2 )
ֶח ְלקGn 33:19 + 12 times; sf. ֶח ְל ָקתִיJe 12:10 ;
ֶח ְל ָקתָםJb 24:18 ; portion of ground, 1. especially a. ַשּׂדֶה
ָ = ח׳ הthe clearly
divided field Gn 33:19 Jos 24:32 (both E ), 2 S 23:11 Ru 2:3 ; 4:3 2 K 9:25 1
Ch 11:13 . Also b. without השׂדהAm 4:7 ( ×2 ) , 2 S 14:30 ( ×2 ) , 31 ; 23:12 ; 2 K
3:19 , 25 ; 9:21 , 26 ( ×2 )
1 Ch 11:14 Jb 24:18 ; of ’ י׳s land Je 12:10 ( ×2 )
( || ִי
ַכּ ְרמ
); cf. also n.pr.loc. חלקת ַה ֻצּרִים2 S 2:16 field of sword-edges ( Dr ). Ew G
† [ ָה
ֲח ֻלקּS 2515
TWOT 669c
GK 2755
] n. f. part, portion , ַל ְלוִיִּם ֲח ֻלקַּת
בֵּית־אָב 2 Ch 35:5 .
† ֶח ְל ָק֫ת n.pr.loc. ( portion, possession ) city in Asher Jos 21:31 , Χελκατ ,
A Θελκαθ , L Χαλκαθ , = ַת ֶח ְלק19:25 Ελεκεθ , A Χελκαθ , L
Ελκαθ .
† ֶח ְלקַת ַה ֻצּרִים S 2521
GK 2763
n.pr.loc. a place near pool of Gibeon where
Ishbosheth’s men were killed by Dvd.’s men under Joab 2 S 2:16 , Μέρις τω̂ν
ἐπιβούλων ; on meaning of name v. I ֶח ְלקָה supr.
ַמחֲלֹ֫קֶת S 4256
TWOT 669d
GK 4713
n. f. division, course (almost wholly
seductiveness of speech , only sg. cstr. ַתּדִּי ֶח֑נּוּ ְבּ ֵחלֶק ְשׂ ָפתֶי ָהPr 7:21 with the
seductiveness of her lips she impelleth him ( || ָהּ) ִהטַּתּוּ בְּרֹב ִל ְקח.— I. and II. ֵחלָק
v. sub I. חלק.
† II. [ ָה
ֶח ְלקS 2513
TWOT 669b , 670c
GK 2753 , 2754
] n. f. smooth part,
smoothness, flattery ;— cstr. ֶח ְלקַתGn 27:16 Pr 6:24 ; pl. ֲחלָקוֹתψ 12:3 + 3
times;— 1. smoothness, smooth part ָיו ֶח ְלקַת ַצוָּארGn 27:16 . 2. pl. slippery places
ψ 73:18 fig. of situation of wicked. 3. smoothness = flattery ַת ח׳ ְשׂפψ 12:3 , cf.
v 4 ; ָשׁוֹן ֶח ְלקַת לPr 6:24 ; = subst. pl. smooth things , i.e. agreeable, flattering
things Is 30:10 .— I. ָה ֶח ְלקv. sub I. חלק.
† [ ֻק ַחלּS 2512 TWOT 670d GK 2752 ] adj. smooth , only pl. cstr. ֲא ָבנִים ַח ֻלּקֵי
1 S 17:40 smooth ones of ( among ) stones = smooth (or smoothest ?) stones Ges §
§ 132 R 2. 133, 3
Dr Sm .
† [ ָה
ֲח ַלקּS 2514
TWOT 670e
GK 2756
] n. f. smoothnes, flattery , only pl. abs.
֑ ַבּ ֲחל
: fine promises , ַקּוֹת יַ ֲחנִיףDn 11:32 ( perhaps directly from ָחלָק,
exceptional pl. , cf. גְּ ַמלִּים, ְק ַטנָּה, ְק ַטנִּים, ) ְקטַנּוֹת.
† ְקוֹת ַמ ְחלS 5555 GK 4712 n. f. pl. smoothness , ֶסלַע הַםּ׳1 S 23:28 rock of
smoothness , i.e. slippery rock , perhaps original meaning of this n.pr. , v. further
ַמחֲלֹקֶתsub I. חלק.
†[ ָחלַשׁS 2522
TWOT 671
GK 2764 , 2765
] vb. 1. be weak, prostrate . 2. ( si vera l.
) weaken, disable, prostrate ( Aramaic ַֹשׁ
ֲחלbe weak; , ַחלָּשׁweak , as in Heb. ;
Arabic poor ( Frey ) ) — Qal Impf. וַיַּחֲלֹשׁ Ex 17:13 , ל֑שׁ
ָ וַיֶּ ֱחJb 14:10 ; Pt. חוֹלֵשׁ Is
14:12 ; 1. ויח׳ וגבר ימות Jb 14:10 but man dieth and is prostrate . 2. disable, prostrate
, sq. acc. pers. Ex 17:13 ( E ; point as Hiph. ?); sq. עַל pers. (strangely) Is 14:12 .
† ַחלָּשׁ S 2523
TWOT 671a
GK 2766
adj. weak , only c. art. as subst. , ַה ַחלָּשׁ
יאמר גבור אני Jo 4:10 the weak, let him say, I am a mighty man .
† ֲלוּשה
ָ ח n. f. weakness prostration , ֵין
א קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Ex 32:18 it is not the
sound of the answering of weakness (JE; opp. ) גְּבוּרָה.
† I. ָם
חS 2524 , 2525 , 2526
TWOT 674a , 677b
GK 2767 , 2768 , 2769
n.pr. pers. m. and loc.
( cf. Sab. חםHal )—243
Χαμ :— 1. Ham , 2nd son of Noah Gn 5:32 ; 6:10
( ×2 )
; 7:13 ; 9:18 1 Ch 1:4 ; called father of Canaan Gn 9:22 and of various
peoples 10:1 , 6 , 20 1 Ch 1:8 , cf. שׁם ָ ַיּשׁבִים
ְ מִן־חָם ה4:40 ; these peoples were
inhabitants of southern lands, or related historically or politically to such inhabitants;
v. כּוּשׁ, ַן
ְכּנַע, ִמ ְצ ַריִם, פּוּט, etc. 2. in late ψψ a name ( coll. ) for Egyptians:—
ֽאָ ֳהלֵי־ח׳ψ 78:51 ; ֶץ־ח׳ ֶאר105:23 , 27 ; 106:22 (all || ִמ ְצ ַריִם, exc. 105:27 ).—
On historical significance, and attempts at etymol. v. Di Gen. ed. 6, chap. 10, especially pp. 165,
168 f.
, Hom SV i. 427 Bu Urg. 323 Wiedemann Ägypt. Gesch. i. 22 .
Wiedemann A. Wiedemann.
חֹם S 2527
TWOT 677a
GK 2770
v. sub חמם.
חמאTWOT 672
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic be hard , used of curdled milk, Frey ).
† ֶחמְאָה S 2529
TWOT 672a
GK 2772
n. f. curd ;— ח׳Gn 18:8 + 6 times; =
ֵחמָה Jb 29:6 ; cstr. ְאַח ֶחמDt 32:14 ; curd, curdled milk , mod. leben on mode of
making lebben , by shaking milk in sour milk-skin, v. Doughty Arab. Des. i. 221, 263; ii.
304, etc.
Thomson Land and Book ii. 418 . See also ARSK Ency. Bib. MILK . ִיא ח׳
מִיץ ָחלָב יוֹצ
Pr 30:33 , elsewhere joined with ָב
ָחלGn 18:8 ( J ) Dt 32:14 (poem; ֶחמְאַת ָבּקָר
) וַ ֲחלֵב צֹאן, Ju 5:25 (where served ְב ֵספֶל אַדִּירִים, v. ;) ספלwith ְדּבַשׁ2 S
17:29 Is 7:15 , 22 ( ×2 ) ; cf. ֵי דבשׁ וח׳ נַ ֲחלfig. of abundance Jb 20:17 ; ִבּרְחֹץ
ֲהלִיבַי ְבּ ֵח ָמ֑הJb 29:6 ( || ֵי־שׁׁמֶן ׃ צוּר יָצוּק
ָ ) ַפּ ְלג. ַמ ֲחמָאֹת.
† ֵחמָא S 2534
TWOT 860a
GK 2771
v. ֵחמָהsub יחם.
ARSK A. R. S. Kennedy.
Ency. Bib. EB(i), q.v. .
good sense, said of God ְתּוֹ
ְשׁב
ִל ָההָר ָחמַד א׳, poet. ψ 68:17 ; obj. the suffering
servant of י׳, Is 53:2 no beauty in him, that we should desire him (choose him, be drawn
toward him); pt. pass. coll. חֲמוּדוֹ ψ 39:12 his desired things, i.e. chosen, choice,
desirable ( v. Niph.); so prob. Jb 20:20 . Niph. Pt. נֶ ְחמָדGn 2:9 + 2 times; ַהנֶּ ֱח ָמדִים
ψ 19:11 ;— desirable: ֶה עץ ן׳ ְל ַמ ְראGn 2:9 , ַשׂבִּיל
ְ ן׳ ְלה3:6 , ַהנֶּח׳ ִמזָּהָבψ 19:11
which are more desirable than gold; ָד אוֹצָר נֶ ְחמPr 21:20 desirable , i.e. costly treasure
ָשׁ֫ ְבתּ
. Pi. Pf. 1 s. delight greatly ִי ַ ְבּצִלּוֹ ח׳ וְיCt 2:3 in his shadow I greatly delighted
and sat , i.e. sat with great delight.
† ֶ ֫חמֶד S 2531
TWOT 673a
GK 2774
n. [ m. ] desire, delight — abs. ח׳ Am 5:11
+ 4 times; only after a cstr. ; ֶם
נְ ַט ְעתּ ַכּ ְרמֵי־ח׳ Am 5:11 vineyards of desire (i.e.
delightful vineyards) have ye planted; so read also Is 27:2 (for MT ) ֶכּרֶם ֶחמֶר
Codd. ℌ van d. H. Lo Hi Ew De Di Che Du ; so of fields ֵי ח׳
ְשׂדIs
32:12 ; elsewhere of young men ח׳ בַּחוּרֵי Ez 23:6 , 12 , 23 desirable young men =
fine, attractive, young men .
† [ ָה
] חֲמוּדn. f. desirableness, preciousness — Pl. abs. חֲמוּדוֹת Dn 9:23 ;
חֲמוּדֹת Ezr 8:37 ; ֻדוֹת
ֲחמ2 Ch 20:25 + 4 times; ֲחמֻדֹתGn 27:15 ; cstr. ֲחמֻדוֹת
Dn 11:43 ;— desirable, choice things i.e. garments Gn 27:15 ( || ;) בגדיםcf. Dn
11:38 ( || אבן ) יקרה, 11:43 ( ריִם
ַ ִמ ְצ ;) ֲחמֻדוֹת = precious things Ezr 8:27 (as
gold); ח׳ כלי2 Ch 20:25 ; ֶלחֶם ח׳Dn 10:3 ; of man only אִישׁ־ח׳Dn 10:11 , 19 ,
and, without אישׁ, ָה ח׳ אָ֑תּDn 9:23 thou art a precious treasure (on construction v.
Dr § 189, 2 ; v. Bev and cf. neg. חמדIs 53:2 ).
† ֶח ְמדָּן S 2533
GK 2777
n.pr. m. an Edomite Gn 36:26 Αμαδα = ַח ְמרָן 1
Ch 1:41 ( Εμερων , L Αμαδαμ ).
† ַמ ְחמַד n. m. desire, desirable thing — abs. ַמ ְחמַרHo 9:6 ; cstr. id. 1 K 20:6
+ 3 times Ez; pl. מדַּים ַ ַמ ֲחCt 5:16 ; cstr. ַמ ֲח ַמדֵּיLa 2:4 Ho 9:16 ; sf. ַמ ֲח ַמדַּיJo
4:5 ; ֵינוּ
ַמ ֲח ַמדּIs 64:10 ; ַמ ֲח ַמדֶּי ָה2 Ch 36:19 La 1:10 ; ַמ ֲח ַמדֵּיהֶםLa 1:11 Qr (
v. also ְמֹד —;) ַמחdesirable, precious things כלי־ם׳2 Ch 36:19 ; sg. coll. Ho
9:6 ; pl. Jo 4:5 Is 64:10 La 1:10 , 11 ( Qr ), טנָם ְ ם׳ ִבּHo 9:16 ; v. especially
pl. intens. מדִּים ַ כֻּלּוֹ ַמ ֲחCt 5:16 all of him is delightfulness ( || ;) ַמ ְמתַֿקִּים
elsewhere ַד עינים ַמ ְחמdesire of the eyes , i.e. that in which the eyes take delight 1 K
20:6 Ez 24:16 (of proph.’s wife), v 21 , 25 ; pl. La 2:4 .
† [ ְמֹד
ַמחS 4262
TWOT 673
GK 4719
] n. [ m. ] desirable, precious thing ;—
ַמ ֲח ֻמדֶי ָה
La 1:7 , ֶם
ַמחֲמוֹדֵיהLa 1:11 Kt ( Qr ) ַמ ֲח ַמדֵּיהֶם. Perhaps ַמ ֲחמַדּ׳to be
read in both; cf. Sta § 273 a .
I. חמהTWOT
Pr 91 ; BAS ii. 43
674
( √ of foll.;
cf. Arabic protect, guard , RS K 136 Lag BN 156 ; Dl
comp. an Assyrian emu, surround, guard , cf. Mod. Syriac id. ; Ethiopic
III. 1 means contract affinity, be joined by affinity , prob. denom. )
† II. [ ָם
חS 2524 , 2525 , 2526
TWOT 674a , 677b
GK 2767 , 2768 , 2769
] n. m. husband’s
father ( NH id. , of husband’s or wife’s father, so Aramaic ָא ; ֲחמArabic husband’s
male relation (father, brother, paternal uncle), but also wife’s father , etc.; Ethiopic
Assyrian emu , Zim BP 48 ) ;—only sf. ך ָ ָח ִמ֫יGn 38:13 , 25 , of Judah as Tamar’s
ָ ָח ִמ֫י1 S 4:19 , 21 of Eli, father-in-law of Phinehas’ wife.
father-in-law; ה
† [ ָמוֹת
חS 2545
TWOT 674b
GK 2792
] n. f. husband’s mother ( NH חָמוֹת,
Aramaic ָא
; ֲח ָמתArabic husband’s mother; Assyrian emêtu , Zim BP 48
; Ethiopic )
—only sf. חֲמוֹ ֵת ְך Ru 2:11 ; 3:17 ; ָהּ
חֲמוֹתRu 1:14 + 7 times; חֲמֹתָהּMi 7:6 ;—
of Naomi Ru 1:14 ; 2:11 , 18 , 19 ( ×2 )
, 23 ; 3:1 , 6 , 16 , 17 ; ַכּלָּה ַבּחֲמֹתָהּ בַּת
ָק ָמ֫ה ְב ִא ָמּ֔הּ Mi 7:6 .
חוֹמָה S 2346
TWOT 674c
GK 2570
133 n. f. wall ( as protection; cstr.
חמתMI
21.21
) — abs. ח׳Lv 25:29 + 59 times (incl. ְלהַחוֹמָהNe 12:38 ); חֹמָהEx 14:29 +
8 times; cstr. ַת חוֹמJos 6:5 + 28 times; sf. חוֹ ָמתָהּNa 2:6 ; 3:8 ; pl. abs.
חוֹמוֹת 2 Ch 8:5 Is 26:1 ; חֹמוֹתCt 5:7 ; cstr. חוֹמוֹת ψ 51:20 ; חוֹמֹת2 K 25:10
+ 9 times; sf. חוֹמֹתַיIs 56:5 ; חֹמֹתֶי ָךDt 28:52 Is 25:12 ; חוֹמוֹ ַתיְִךEz 26:10 ,
12 ; 27:11 ;ך
( ×2 )
ְִ חוֹמֹ ַתיIs 49:16 + 2 times; חֹמֹ ַתיְִךIs 60:10 ; חֹמוֹ ָת֑יְִךEz
26:9 ; הָ חוֹמוֹתֶיJe 50:15 ; חוֹמֹתֶי ָהψ 55:11 Je 1:15 ; du. חוֹמֹ ַתיִםIs 22:11 ;
חֹמֹ ַתיִם2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7 ; חֹמֹ ָת֑יםJe 39:4 ( v. Ol § 113 a Ges § 87 s );— 1.
usually term for wall of city Dt 28:52 Jos 2:15 ; 6:5 , 20 (all JE), 1 S 31:10 , 12
2 S 11:20 , 21 ( ×2 ) 2 K 18:26 , 27 = Is 36:11 , 12 , Am 1:7 , 10 , 14 Is 2:15 ;
20:10 , 11 ; 25:12 Na 2:6 ; 3:8 Ez 26:9 + , Je 1:15 + , Jo 2:7 , 9 ; ֵין בּ
( הַחֹמֹ ַתיִםof Jerus. ) i.e. between the two walls of the Ophel and the SW. hill
respectively, of a reservoir Is 22:11 , a gate 2 K 25:4 = Je 34:4 = 52:7 ; symbol
of Isr.; Am 7:7 ; 2 Ch 8:5 ; 14:6 ; 25:23 ; 26:6 ( ×3 ) ψ 51:20 Ne 1:3 + 31 times in
Ne; ךְ ָ חוֹמַת ֲאנAm 7:7 (lit. wall of a plummet ) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built
plumb , or by means of a plumb-line ? We thinks unintelligible; ָה
חוֹמ = עִיר
walled city , Lv 25:29 , ִיר אשׁר לֹא ה׳ עv 30 ( ) לוֹ = לֹא, opp. ַה ֲח ֵצרִים
אשׁר אין להם ח׳v 31 (all H ); more elaborately עָרים ְבּצֻרֹת ח׳ גְבֹהָה ְדּ ָל ַתיִם
וּ ְב ִר֑י ַהDt 3:5 , cf. 2 Ch 8:5 ; ְחשׁת
ֶ ע׳ גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּ ְברִי ַח נ1 K 4:13 ; בְצוּרָה ח׳
Is 2:15 ; ח׳sg. of wall of Jerus. 1 K 3:1 + often; contempt. ֶם חוֹמַת אַ ְבנֵיהNe
3:35 ; less often pl. Ne 2:13 + ; of specific portions of wall ֶל ח׳ הָעֹפ2 Ch 27:3
Ne 3:27 ; ַה ַשּׁל
ֶ ח׳ ְבּ ֵרכַת הNe 3:15 ; הָֽ ֵר ָחבָה הַח׳3:8 ; 12:38 ; also (generally) of
Babylon Je 51:58 .—Men build , בנה, the ח׳1 K 9:15 + , especially (of
rebuilding), Ne 2:17 + ; fortify it ֵר ִבּצּIs 22:10 ; it is joined togethr קשׁרNe 3:38 ;
is repaired ְח׳ עָֽ ְלתָה אֲרוּכָה לNe 4:1 ; it falls נפלJos 6:5 , 20 1 K 20:30 Ez
38:20 ; the enemy makes it fall ִיל ִהפּ2 S 20:15 (preceded by ַשׁחִית ְ מsi vera l. , v.
Dr ); destroys it ִית ִשׁח
ְ הLa 2:8 ; ִשׁחֵתEz 26:4 ; makes a breach in it ָפּרַץ בּ׳2 K
14:13 = 2 Ch 25:23 , cf. פרץc. acc. 2 Ch 26:6 Ne 3:35 , and ֶן ַהפְּרוּצָה וַיִּב
אֶת־בל־הח׳2 Ch 32:5 ; also (in sim. ) עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ת׳Pr 25:28 ; and Pu. pt.
מְפֹ ָר֑צֶתNe 1:3 ; one breaks it down נָתַץ2 K 25:10 2 Ch 36:19 Je 39:8 ; 52:14 ;
tears it down ַס ָהרEz 26:12 , cf. pass. Je 50:15 ; Amos predicts that י׳will send
fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): ְח׳ ְשׁ ַלּ ְחתִּי אֵשׁ בּ
ִ וAm 1:7 , 10 ; or kindle fire in וְ ִה ַצּתִּי
אֵשׁ בְּח׳v 14 , so Je 49:27 . 2. wall of a building: a. citadel, fortress ח׳ ארמנותיה
La 2:7 . b. surrounding new temple Ez 40:5 ; 42:20 . 3. fig. of waters of Red Sea
Ex 14:22 , 29 ( P ), cf. Na 3:8 ; of David’s men as protectors of Nabal’s shepherds
1 S 25:16 ; of prophet as object of assault ְחשׁת
ֶ חוֹמַת נJe 1:18 ; ח׳ נחשׁת בְּצוּרָהJe
15:20 ; of strong, virtuous woman Ct 8:9 , 10 ; of salvation, ָה
יְשׁוּע, as defence Is
26:1 ( || ֵל
;) חof י׳himself ח׳ אֵשׁ Zc 2:9 ; a dangerous polit. scheme is called breach
in ָה
ִשׂגָּב
ְנ ח׳ Is 30:13 ; ָה
ִשׂגָּב
ְנ
ח׳in sim. of wealth Pr 18:11 ( || ֻזּוֹ
ע ;) ִק ְריַתa
reckless man is ֵין ח׳
עִיר פְּרוּזָה אPr 25:28 .
† חֲמוּטַל S 2537
GK 2782
Qr , חמיטלKt , n.pr. f. ( meaning dub. ; perhaps, if
Kt right, my husband’s father is the dew , cf. — ) ֲאבִיטַל Αμειται, Μιτατ ; A
Αιμταλ, Αμιταθ ; L Αμιταλ ;—mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons
of Josiah 2 K 23:31 ; 24:18 Qr ( Kt ) חמיטל = Je 52:1 Qr ( Kt id. )
ֵחמָה S 2534
TWOT 860a
GK 2771 , 2779
wrath , v. sub ָה ; יחם
ֵחמJb 29:6 , v.
ַחמָּה ; ֶחמְאָה, ַחמָּן, חַמּוֹן, ַחמַּת v. sub חמם.
חַמּוּאֵל S 2536
GK 2781
n.pr. m. v. sub חמם.
חָמוֹת S 2545
TWOT 674b
GK 2792
v. sub חמהsupr.
חמטTWOT 675
( √ of foll.; cf Assyrian ḫamâṭu, hasten , Prä ZMG 1874, 88 ff. , ḫamṭu ,
swift, Zim BP 84 n.
; Aramaic ַט ֲחמ, ֲחמֵיטis sink or fall to the ground, kneel ) .
† ֫
חֹמֶט S 2546
TWOT 675a
GK 2793
n. [ m. ] a kind of lizard, only in list of
† ָה
ֻח ְמטS 2547 GK 2794 n.pr.loc. city in Judah Jos 15:54 , Εὐμα , L
Αμματα ; site unknown.
ֲחמִיטַל S 2537
GK 2795
v. חמוטל supr.
† חָמוּל S 2538
GK 2783
n.pr. m. ( spared ) ;—grandson of Judah Gn 46:12 =
1 Ch 2:5 , Nu 26:1 ; Ιεμουηλ, [Ι]αμουηλ .
† ִי
חָמוּלS 2539
GK 2784
adj. gent. of foreg.; only c. art. ָ׳
ֶהח, as subst. coll.
Nu 26:21 .
† [ ָה
ֶח ְמלS 2551
TWOT 676a
GK 2799
] n. f. compassion, mercy , of ( י׳strictly
Inf. form from חמל, v. Ges § 45, 1 b
) — cstr. ְבּ ֶח ְמלַת י׳ ָעלָיו Gn 19:16 ( J ),
גְאָלָם בְּאַ ֲהבָתוֹ וּ ְב ֶח ְמלָתוֹ Is 63:9 .
† [ ָל
ַמ ְחמS 4263
TWOT 676b
GK 4720
] n. [ m. ] thing pitied, object of
compassion , only cstr. ַל ַמ ְחמַד עיניכם וּ ַמ ְחמ ְשׁכֶם
ְ נַפ Ez 24:21 object of your
eyes’ desire, and of your soul’s compassion .
†[ ָחמַםS 2552
TWOT 677
GK 2801
] vb. be or become warm ( NH id. , Pi., make
warm , Aramaic , ַם
ֲחמbe warm; Arabic become hot , of water; also heat, kindle fire in )
— Qal Pf. חַםψ 39:4 Ex 16:21 ; וְחַםconsec. 1 K 1:2 Ec 4:11 ; חַמּוֹ ִת֫יIs 44:16 ;
Impf. יָחֹםIs 44:16 ; ָם וַיָּ֫ח2 K 4:34 Is 44:15 ; יֵ ( יִחַםK 3 ) 1 K 1:1 ; יֵחֲםDt 19:6 ;
יֵ ָח֑םEc 4:11 ; 3 fs. ֵתּחַםEz 24:11 ; יֵחַמּוּHo 7:7 ; וַיֶּחֱמוּGn 30:29 ; וַיֵּ ַח ְמנָהv 38
(last seven forms could be also from יחםq.v. ; but no decisive evidence that this √ is
used in Qal; they are placed under חמםby Thes Ew § 193 a Ol § 243 b ; v. also Kö i .
365, 417 ff.
, who on account of יחםPi. Inf. Gn 30:41 ; 31:10 , der. last two, needlessly,
from ;) יחםInf. ַל ְחמָם Is 47:14 , cf. Jb 30:4 (where, however, ל׳is from ֶם
ֶלחMich
Di unles ( Luzz Che ) we read ֵם
ְל ַחמּPi. Inf. in both); חֹם1 S 11:9 Hg 1:6 Ne 7:3
; sf. חֻמּוֹJb 6:17 ; ֻח ָמּםJe 51:39 ;— 1. lit., be or grow warm Ex 16:21 ( P ; subj.
) ֶשׁמֶשׁ, cf. 1 S 11:9 Ne 7:3 and Jb 6:17 ( sf. of impers. subj.); from fire Is 44:15 ,
16 ( ×2 ) 47:14 ( cf. supr. ); natural heat 1 K 1:1 , 2 (by personal contact), so 2 K 4:34
Ec 4:11 ( ×2 ) , from clothing Hg 1:6 ; of Jerusalem under fig. of pot or caldron Ez
24:11 . 2. fig. , subj. ִי
ִלבּψ 39:4 ( || ) ַבּ ֲהגִיגִי ִת ְבעַר־אֵשׁ, cf. Dt 19:6 ; of conspirators
Ho 7:7 ; Chaldeans Je 51:39 . 3. of heat in conception (animals) Gn 30:38 , 39 ( cf.
) יחם. Niph. Pt. נֵ ָחמִים באליםIs 57:5 ( Kö i .371 ), inflame oneself with , of idolatry.
Pi. Impf. 3 fs. ְתּ ַחמֵּם Jb 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich). Hithp. Impf. יִ ְת ַחמָּם
warm oneself Jb 31:20 ָשׂים
ִ ִמגֵּז ְכּבby means of fleece of sheep .
† חֹם S 2527
TWOT 677a
GK 2770
n. m. Je 17:8 heat ;— חֹםabs. Gn 8:22 +
3 times + 1 S 21:7 ( v. infrom); cstr. Gn 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם
היום Gn 18:1 ( J ), 1 S 11:11 2 S 4:5 ; in promise of regular seasons Gn 8:22 (
opp. ;) קֹר cf. Is 18:4 ( ×2 )
( ִיר
ָקצ ;) ח׳but as dangerous to plant-life Je 17:8 ; it
melts snow Jb 24:19 ; חֹם ֶלחֶם 1 S 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread , read perhaps
( ל׳ חָםas Jos 9:12 ).
† ַחמָּה S 2535
TWOT 677c
GK 2780
n. f. heat, sun (poet.)— ָה
ַחמּIs 24:23 + 4
times; מּתוֹ
ָ ַחψ 19:7 ;— 1. heat of sun ψ 19:7 . 2. = sun Jb 30:28 ; || ְל ָבנָהmoon Is
24:23 ; 30:26 ( ×2 ) Ct 6:10 .
† [ ָן
ַחמּS 2553
TWOT 677d
GK 2802
] n. m. sun-pillar , used in idolatrous worship
( v. Thes 489 ff.
RS Sem i, 485
Lag Mi, 228
Now חמנאVog No.
Arch. ii, 302
; = Palm.
123 a
= Cooke N. Sem. Inscr. , No. 136 ; Lzb Ephem. ii. (1906), 280 ; Ph. לבעל חמןoften as
epithet of solar Baal ) ;—only pl. abs. מּנִים ָ ַחIs 27:9 + 4 times; sf. ַח ָמּנֵיכֶםLv
26:30 + 2 times; || ָמוֹת בּLv 26:30 ( H ), 2 Ch 14:4 , cf. Ez 6:4 , 6 ; || הבעלים
מזבחות2 Ch 34:4 ; || אשׁריםIs 17:8 ; 27:9 ; || אשׁריםand ְפּ ִסלִים2 Ch 34:7 .
Luzz S. D. Luzzatto.
Lzb M. Ephemeris, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik .
† חַמּוֹן S 2540
GK 2785
n.pr.loc. ( hot spring? ) — 1. town in Asher Jos 19:28 . 2.
in Naphtali 1 Ch 6:61 (perhaps = I. ַת
ַחמּ, ַחמַּת דֹּאר, v. Be and Di Jos 19:35
).
† I. ַת
ַחמּS 2575
GK 2829 , 2830
n.pr.loc. ( hot spring ) —town in Naphtali Jos
19:35 (perhaps = חַמּוֹן2 v. Di ); Ωμαθαδακεθ ( = ַת ) ַחמַּת ַרקּ, A Αμαθ ,
Ant.
L Αμμαθ ; Jos xviii, 2, 3 Αμμαθους (ed. Niese), cf. Id. BJ. iv. 1.3 Guthe ZPV
1891, xiii, 284
; prob. = Talm . Ḥamata Nbr Géogr. du Talm . 207 (with hot springs), 35
minutes south of Tiberias, v. Rob BR ii, 385 Buhl ZPV xiii, 1890, 39 f. Guthe l.c. GASm
Geogr. 450
(Furrer ZPV ii, 1878, 55; xiii, 1890, 194 ff. al. say north of Tiberias); v. ַמֹּת דֹּאר
ח
, ַמּוֹן
ח.
† חַמּוּאֵל S 2536
GK 2781
n.pr. m. ( meaning? comp. Sab. [ חמא ] לHal 215
)
—a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:26 L Αμουηλ .
†[ ָחמַסS 2554
TWOT 678
GK 2803 , 2804
] vb. treat violenty, wrong ( NH id. , act
violently, treat violently; Aramaic ַם
( ֲחמrare) violently seize; Arabic is be hard, strict,
rigorous ) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽמְסוּ Ez 22:26 Zp 3:4 ; Impf. יַחְמֹם Jb 15:33 ,
וַיַּחְמֹם ֑ ַתּחJb 21:27 Je 22:3 ; Pt.
La 2:6 ; ְמֹסוּ חֹמֵסPr 8:36 ;— treat violently,
wrong; — 1. of physical wrong: ְ׳ ַתּחJe 22:3 ( || ) תֹּנוּof wrong to widows and orphans;
וַיַּח׳ ַכּגַּן ֻשׂכּוֹLa 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden ( || ִשׁחֵת
;) מֹעֲדוֹso, fig. , of vine, wrong , i.e. fail to nourish, kill ִכּסְרוֹ יַח׳ ַכּגֶּפֶןJb 15:33 . 2. of
ethical wrong, obj. ָה תּוֹרZp 3:4 Ez 22:26 (both || ;) חֹלֵּל קֹדֶשׁcf. ְמֹסוּ ְמזִמּוֹת ֑ ַתּח
ָעלַיJb 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence . 3. both physical and ethical
חֹמֵם נַפְשׁוֹ הֹ ְטאִיPr 8:36 . Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נֶ ְחמְסוּJe 13:22 thy heels suffer violence
( || ך
ְִ) נִגְלוּ שׁוּ ַלי.
† ָחמָס S 2555
TWOT 678a
GK 2805
n. m. ψ 7:17 violence, wrong — abs. ח׳
Gn 6:11 + 44 times; cstr. ֲחמַס Ju 9:24 + 7 times; sf. ֲח ָמסִי Gn 16:5 Je 51:35
(in both = wrong done to me ); ָסוֹ ֲחמψ 7:17 ; pl. ֲח ָמסִים2 S 22:49 + 3 times;—
violence specif. of physical violence Ju 9:24 2 S 22:3 (not || ψ 18:3 ), Ob 10 , Hb
1:9 Je 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Hb 2:8 , 17 ( ×2 ) Jo 4:19 ψ 72:14 ; but also wrong ,
incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Gn 16:5 ( J , of wrong done to Sarah
by Hagar), Jb 19:7 Mal 2:16 ; in gen. of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild,
ruthlessness Mi 6:12 Hb 1:2 Zp 1:9 Pr 10:6 , 11 ; 13:2 ; 26:6 + Ez 7:11 ( si
vera l. , v Co ), || שֹׁדAm 3:10 Hb 1:3 Je 6:7 ; 20:8 Ez 45:9 Is 60:18 , || ִיב ר
ψ 55:10 , || ָל
ָעמ7:17 , || גַּ ֲאוָה73:6 , ח׳ אֹהֵב 11:5 ( || ָשׁע
ָ ) ר, denied, of servant of
י׳Is 53:9 , ח׳ בארץJe 51:46 , cf. Gn 6:11 , 13 ( P ), Ez 8:17 ; 12:19 ;
ֲשׁכֵּי־ ֶארֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ מָֽלְאוּ
ַ ַמחψ 74:20 , ָהעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳Ez 7:23 ; 28:16 , ֶשׁבֶת ח׳
Am 6:3 is (prob.) enthronement of violence; ֵי ח׳ ְכּלGn 49:5 (poem) instruments,
weapons, of violence; —other phrases are: דיִם ַָ ח׳ ְבּיJon 3:8 1 Ch 12:17 , cf. Jb
16:17 , ֶם ח׳ יְדֵיכψ 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ ְבּ ַכפֵּיהֶםIs 59:6 ; עֵד ח׳i.e. a witness that
promotes violence and wrong Ex 23:1 (JE), Dt 19:16 , ֵי ח׳ ֵעדψ 35:11 ; וִי ֵפ ַח ָחמָס
ֵעדֵי ֶשׁקֶרψ 27:12 ; שׂנאת ח׳ψ 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ
= ָחמָסviolent man ψ 18:49 ( 2 S 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, cf. infr. )
140:12 Pr 3:31 ; 16:29 ; ( אישׁ חמסיםlater) ψ 140:2 , 5 2 S 22:49 ; ִים יֵין ֲח ָמס
Pr 4:17 i.e. wine gained by violence ( || ֶשׁע ַ ) ֶלחֶם ר.
† ָחמִיץ S 2548
TWOT 679c
GK 2796
adj. seasoned (viz. with salt, or a salt herb—
Arabic , Pun. ] חמוץBlau ZMG 1873, 522 ; v. Thes —rendering it more
Αμουτ [ =
֑ ֵ ְבּלִיל ָחמִיץ יֹאIs 30:24 .
tasty), of provender for cattle כלוּ
† II. [ ] חמץvb. be red ( ? cf. Aramaic Ethpa. blush, be ashamed , poss. orig. be
red ) ;— Qal Pt. pass. cstr. חֲמוּץ ְבּגָדִיםred of garments Is 63:1 ; poss. also Impf. 3
fs. ֶתּ ֱחמַץ ψ 68:24 that thy foot may be red with blood (for MT ; תמחץso Krochm
Hi Gr ; most, however, read תרחץv. ) רחץ.
† חָמוֹץ S 2541
TWOT 681a
GK 2787
n. [ m. ] coll. the ruthless —only אַשּׁרוּ
ְ
ח׳ Is 1:17 set right the ruthless , so Hi Ew Kn De Che Di ; Vrss give passive
(perhaps ָמוּץ
) חhence AV relieve the oppressed; but on form = חָמוֹץdoer of
action v. Ew § 152 b .
† ָחמַקS 2559
TWOT 682
GK 2811
vb. turn away ( intr. )— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדוֹדִי
ח׳ ָע ָ ֑כרCt 5:6 and my beloved had turned away, passed on . Hithp. Impf. 2 fs.
עַד־ ָמתַי ִתּ ְת ַח ָמּקִין ַחבַּת הַשּׁוֹ ֵבבָהJe 31:22 turn hither and thither , v. Gf VB .
† [ ַמּוּק חS 2542 TWOT 682a GK 2788 ] n. m. curving, curve , חַמּוּקֵי יְֵר ַכיְִךCt
7:2 the curvings (curved lines, curves) of thy thighs .
† I. ָחמַרS 2560
TWOT 683 , 683d , 684 , 685
GK 2812 , 2813 , 2814
vb. ferment, boil or
foam up ( Arabic ferment, leaven , , n. leaven; v. Lag BN 207
) ;— Qal Pf. 3 ms.
וְיַיִן ח׳ ψ 75:9 and wine which foams , (others from IV. חמרbe red ); 3 pl. חָֽמְרוּis
suggested by We as poss. Hb 3:15 (for MT חֹמֶר q.v. ) the great waters foamed;
Impf. 3 mpl. יֶחֱמוּ יֶ ְחמְרוּ מֵימָיוψ 46:4 let its water roar and foam . Pe al al Pf.
pass. 3 pl. מ֑רוָּ ֵמעַי ֳח ַמ ְרLa 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment ( || ) נֶ ְה ַפּ ְך ִלבִּי, of
distress at calamities of Jerus. ; so ַי ֳח ַמ ְרמְרוּ ֵמעLa 2:11 .— Jb 16:16 v. IV. חמר.
† ֶ ֫חמֶר S 2561
TWOT 683a
GK 2815
n. [ m. ] wine (poet.) ( Aramaic , ָא
; ַח ְמר
Arabic , v. Lag ) — ִשׁתֶּה־ ָח֑מֶר
BN 207
ְ וְדַם־ ֵענָב תּ Dt 32:14 ; ֶר
ֶחמ ֶכּרֶם Is 27:2 ,
but read here ֶד
( ֶכּרֶם ֶחמv. ) ֶהמֶד.
† ָר ֵחמS 2564 TWOT 683b GK 2819 n. [ m. ] bitumen, asphalt ( from I. חמר
according to OBlau ZMG 1869, 279 , bitumen as seething, swelling up; Thes MV , from
IV. חמר, with ref. to reddish-brown colour ) — ָר ֵחמGn 11:3 + 2 times; used for
cement in building Babel Gn 11:3 ( J ); abounding in vale of Siddim ֶבּאֱרֹת ֶבּאֱרֹת
ח׳ Gn 14:10 ; used in coating Moses’ ‘ark’ of bulrushes Ex 2:3 ( E ; || פ֑ת
ֶ ָ) ז.
† I. ֶר ֫ S
חֹמ 2563
TWOT 683c , 684a , 684b
GK 2816 , 2817 , 2818
n. m. cement, mortar,
† II. [ ַר
ָחמS 2560
TWOT 683 , 683d , 684 , 685
GK 2812 , 2813 , 2814
] vb. denom. cover or
smear with asphalt, only Qal Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַ ַתּ ְח ְמרָה Ex 2:3 ( E ); on form of sf.
v. Ges § 58, 3, R. 1 .
III. √ ( חמרof foll.; NH ָחמַרheap up; Aramaic ַחמֵּרmake a ruin- heap; Arabic
great mass of stone, heap of stones ) .
II. ֫
חֹמֶר S 2563
TWOT 683c , 684a , 684b
GK 2816 , 2817 , 2818
n. [ m. ] heap ( cf. I.
ח׳ —) חֲמוֹרcstr. ח׳ ַמיִם ַרבִּיםHb 3:15 a heap of great waters ( || —) יָםbut text
dub. , v. I. ; חמרpl. ִים
ֳח ָמרִים ֳח ָמרEx 8:10 ( J ), of dead frogs gathered in heaps
.
† III. ֫
חֹמֶר S 2563
TWOT 683c , 684a , 684b
GK 2816 , 2817 , 2818
n. m. homer , a dry
measure ( perhaps from above √ , but dub. ; cf. Assyrian amâru , surround, contain
, II. R 36:19 a. b Strm 4760
) — ח׳abs. Is 5:10 + 5
, imêru , a measure Zim BP 6 n
times Ez; cstr. Ho 3:2 + 3 times; pl. ִים ֳה ָמרNu 11:32 ;— ח׳of barley Ho 3:2
Ez 45:13 , cf. ִים זֶרַע ח׳ ְשׂעֹרLv 27:16 i.e. land on which a ח׳of barley seed was
sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ח׳of wheat Ez 45:13 ; in gen. ַע ח׳ זֶרIs 5:10 ; = 10
ephahs (or baths, v. ַת בּsub ) בתתEz 45:11 ( ×3 )
, 14 ( ×2 )
(in v 14 del. Co ); on
actual size of ח׳, = 393.9 litres, v. Hultzsch Metrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452 f.
. See further II. ַת
בּ
Arch. 183 f. Arch. i, 203 f.
and reff., Benz Now
† I. ֲמוֹר
חS 2543 , 2544
TWOT 685a
GK 2789 , 2790 , 2791
n. [ m. ] heap , abs. ח׳
with du. ת֑יִם
ָ ( חֲמֹ ָרBaer ) חֲמֹרֹת׳, as if from —; חֲמֹרָה ַהחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חמֹ ָר ָת֑יִם
ִבּ ְלחִי Ju 15:16 with the ass’s jawbone, a heap, two heaps , i.e. so many slain.
† IV. [ ] חמרvb. be red ( Arabic II. dye red , redness, reddish brown (appar. skin-
colour ) so Thes MV Ba NB 192
al. ) —only Pe al al Pf. pass. ָפּנַי ֳח ַמ ְר ְמ ֻ ֯רה Jb
16:16 my face is reddened from weeping.— La 1:20 ; 2:11 v. I. חמר.
ָחמֵשׁ S 2568
TWOT 686a
GK 2822
, ִשּׁה
ָ ֲחמ342 n. m. and f. five ( NH id. , id. ;
Aramaic ֵשׁ ֲחמ, ְשׁא
ָ ַחמ, ; Ph. ; חמשתPalm. חמשא, c. n. masc., Reckendorf
ZMG 1888, 408
; Assyrian ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Dl § 75 ; Ethiopic Arabic ; Sab. & Liḥyân .
חֿמםDHM ZMG xxix, 613; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73 ) ;— m. ( c. n. f. ) abs. ָחמֵשׁGn 5:6 +
94 times + Ez 40:30 ( del. B Hi - Sm Co ; Co del. also in v 25 , 29 , 33
, 36 ) + Ez 45:3 Kt (where read f. with Qr ); cstr. ֲחמֵשׁ Gn 5:10 + 67 times +
Ez 48:16 Kt ; f. ( c. n. m. ) abs. ִשּׁה
ָ ֲחמv. Lag BN 80 Gn 18:28 + 139 times
(incl. Ez 8:16 del. B Co al. ); cstr. ֵשׁת
ֶ ֲחמNu 3:47 ( ×2 ) + 26 times;—on pl.
ִשּׂים
ִ ֲחמfifty , see below;— five , in Hex chiefly P ;— 1. without other numeral: a.
ָחמֵשׁ, before fpl. noun Gn 43:34 + 35 times; before n. coll. ח׳ צאן1 S 25:18 ;
v. also ָה ח׳ בָּאַמּfive in cubit ( s ) = five cubits 1 K 7:23 1 Ch 11:23 2 Ch 4:2 ;
after noun (late) 2 K 8:16 ( ָם ִשׁנַת ָחמֵשׁ לְיוֹרְ = בּin the fifth year ) + 6 times Ch;
no noun expr. 1 K 7:39 ( ×2 )
, 49 ( ×2 )
1 Ch 3:20 2 Ch 4:7 ( ×2 ) . b. ִשּׁה
ָ ֲחמbefore
mpl. noun Gn 47:2 + 18 times; after noun Ex 36:38 + 36 times Nu (all P ); no
noun expr. Gn 14:9 (only here c. art.) + 20 times c. ֵשׁ
ֲחמbefore noun (usually
defined; except ֵאוֹת
מ, ֲא ָלפִים, v. 3 , 4 ) Ex 26:3 , 9 ; 36:10 , 16 + Ez 42:16 ח׳
אַמּוֹתKt , but Qr ח׳ מאות, v. infr. d. ֵשׁת ַה ְמּ ָלכִים ֶ ֲחמJos 10:5 + 5 times; ח׳
ָשׁיםִ ָה ֲאנJu 18:7 , 14 , 17 ; ח׳ שׁקליםNu 18:16 ; also, distrib., ח׳ ח׳ ְשׁ ָקלִים3:47
; רנִיםָ ח׳ ַה ְסּJos 13:3 Ju 3:3 1 S 6:18 ; ח׳ בני ם׳2 S 21:8 . e. = ordinal, ִשׁנַת ְבּ
ָחמֵשׁ ליורם2 K 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; ִשּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ ָ ַבּ ֲחמon the fifth (day) of
the month Ez 1:1 , 2 ; 8:1 ; 33:21 ; (so also 15th, 25th, etc.) 2. ח׳combined with
עשׂר, עשׂרהten = fifteen: a. ֶשׂרֵה ְ ( ֲחמֵשׁ עc. n. f. ) Gn 5:10 ; 7:20 Ex 27:14 ,
15 ; 38:14 , 15 2 K 14:17 , 23 ; 20:6 2 Ch 15:10 ; 25:25 Is 38:5 . b. ָשׂר ָע
ִשּׁהָ ( ֲחמc. n. m. ), (1) after noun Est 9:21 ; (2) before noun Ex 16:1 ( = ordinal
fifteenth , so Lv 23:6 + ) Ho 3:2 + . c. ָשׂר ָ ֵשׁת ע
ֶ ֲחמbefore n. 2 S 19:18 + . d.
ָשׂרָ ֵשׁת ע ֶ ֲחמ, without n. = ordinal fifteenth 1 Ch 24:14 + 4 times + Ez 45:12
(read ִשּׁים ִ ֲחמA Hi Co ). 3. = ֲחמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת500 Gn 5:30 , 32 + 49 times + Ez
42:16 Qr 4. ִים ֵשׁת ֲא ָלפ
ֶ = ֲחמ5000 Nu 31:32 Jos 8:12 Ju 20:45 1 S 17:5 Ez
45:6 ; 48:15 1 Ch 29:7 2 Ch 35:9 Ezr 1:11 ; 2:69 ;—in 25,000, 35,000 etc.
ִשּׁה
ָ ( ֲחמusually without ) א׳precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc. 5. with other numerals:
a. ֵשׁ
ָחמbefore larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Gn 5:6 + 4 times; (2) noun with
2nd num. only, Gn 5:17 + 8 times + Ez 45:3 Kt ; (3) noun c. ְבּwith 2nd num.
Ez 40:21 + 2 times b. ֵשׁ
ָחמafter larger num. : (1) noun repeated Gn 25:7 ; (2) noun
foll. ( ח׳only) Ju 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun
before both num. , st. abs. , 2 Ch 3:15 ; st. cstr. 2 Ch 15:19 . c. no noun expr.,
ח׳between other num. , e.g. ֵשׁשׁ מאות ח׳ ושׁבעיםNu 31:37 . d. ִשּׁה ָ ֲחמbefore
larger num. , noun foll. larger num. Nu 1:25 + 22 times e. ח׳follows, and (1) is
foll. by noun Ju 20:35 + 7 times; (2) noun precedes both 1 K 7:3 Je 52:30 . f. ח׳
precedes, no noun expr. 1 K 5:12 . g. ח׳follows, no noun expr. Gn 18:28 + . h. no
noun expr. ח׳between other num. Ex 38:28 Ezr 2:5 .
† I. ֶשׁ ֫ S
חֹמ 2569 , 2570
TWOT 686b , 687a
GK 2823 , 2824
n. [ m. ] fifth part —only
לַחֹמֶשׁ ְל ַפרְעֹהGn 47:26 , but connex. with preceding awkward; read perhaps
( הַחֹמֶשׁS ), or ְל ַחמֵּשׁ , v. Di .
† II. [ חמשׁTWOT 687 , 688 ] vb. denom. only Pi. ֶת־ ֶארֶץ ִמ ְצ ַריִם וְ ִחמֵּשׁ אGn
41:34 ( E ) and he shall fifth (take the fifth part of) the land of Egypt , i.e. the fifth
part of the produce ( cf. Arabic take a fifth part; Ethiopic 1. 2 quinque facere ) .
ִשּׁים
ִ ֲחמ S 2572
TWOT 686c
GK 2825
164 n. pl. (a) fifty ( Arabic Aramaic , Ph.
; המשם MI 28 ; חמשןAssyrian ḫamšâti Dl in Lotz TP 80 ) — ִשּׁים ִ ֲחמGn 6:15 +
154 times (incl. Ez 40:25 , 29 , 33 , del. Co ) + Ez 45:12 (so read A Hi Co for
;) חמשׁהsf. ִשּׂי ָך ֶ ֲחמ2 K 1:10 , 12 , ִשּׁיו
ָ ֲחמ2 K 1:9 + 4 times, ִשּׁיהֶם
ֵ ֲחמ2 K 1:14
;— 1. abs. a. a fifty , a company of fifty Ex 18:21 , 25 Dt 1:15 1 S 8:12 2 K 1:9
( ×2 )
+ 13 times 2 K 1 (in v 14 = fifties ) Is 3:3 . b. elsewhere, without noun
expr., (1) without other numeral Nu 31:30 , 47 Ez 27:18 ( ×2 ) Hg 2:16 ; (2) with
other num. ח׳preceding Ex 30:23 ( ×2 ) + 11 times; + 1 Ch 12:34 Baer, van d. H.
v 33 ( sq. ( ;) אלף3) ח׳following Ex 38:26 + 10 times; (4) ח׳between other
num. Nu 1:23 + 23 times 2. ִשּׁים ִ ֲחמwithout other num. : a. before noun Gn 6:15
+ 58 times + ָה ה׳ בָּאַמּEx 38:12 . b. after noun 2 S 24:24 Ex 26:11 + 4 times Chr.
3. ח׳before other num. : a. foll. by noun Gn 7:24 + . b. preceded by noun 1 Ch
5:21 . 4. ח׳after other num. , and a. this after noun 1 Ch 8:40 Ezr 8:3 , 26 . b. noun
repeated e.g. Gn 9:28 , 29 . 5. ח׳preceded by cstr. e.g. שׁנָהָ ִשׁנַת ח׳
ְ בּ2 K 15:23 ,
27 Lv 15:10 , 11 . 6. = ח׳ordinal, fiftieth Lv 25:10 , 11 2 K 15:23 , cf. v 27 .
† ִישׁי
ִ ֲחמ S 2549
TWOT 686d
GK 2797
m. ִישׁית
ִ ֲחמ f. adj. num. ordin. fifth ;—
m. ִישׁי
ִ ֲחמ Gn 1:23 + 22 times; ִשׁי
ִ ֲחמZc 7:3 + 3 times; f. ִישׁית
ִ ֲחמ abs. 1 K
14:25 + 4 times; ִשׁית
ִ ֲחמLv 19:25 Je 36:9 ; ִשּׁית
ִ ֲחמ1 K 6:31 ; cstr. ִישׁית
ִ ֲחמLv
27:15 , 19 ; sf. ִישׁתוֹ
ִ ֲחמ Lv 5:16 + 2 times; ִשׁיתוֹ
ִ ֲחמLv 22:14 ; 27:31 ; ִשׁתוֹ
ִ ֲחמ
Lv 27:27 , cf. ָיו
ִשׁת
ִ ֲחמLv 5:24 , read תוֹ- Sam. Di ( q.v. );— fifth , usually in
enum. days, months, years, sons, etc.; definite, except masc. Gn 1:23 ; 30:17 , fem.
Gn 47:24 1 6:31 Ne 6:5 ;— 1. m. Gn 1:23 Nu 7:36 ; 29:26 ; 33:38 Jos 19:24
(all P ), Gn 30:17 ( E ), Ju 19:8 2 K 25:8 Je 1:3 ; 28:1 ; 52:12 Zc 7:3 1 Ch
27:8 Ezr 7:8 , 9 ; noun om. 2 S 3:4 1 Ch 2:14 ; 3:3 ; 8:2 ; 26:3 , 4 (all of ֵן ) בּ, 1
Ch 24:9 ; 25:12 ( ָל
) גּוֹר, Zc 8:19 ( ) חֹדֶשׁ, 1 Ch 27:8 ( ) יוֹם. 2. f. Lv 19:25 1 K
14:25 Je 36:9 Ez 1:2 2 Ch 12:2 ; ח׳ ַפּעַם Ne 6:5 . 3. ִשּׁית
ִ ֲחמ1 K 6:31 as subst.
a fifth part , so ִישׁית
ִ ֲחמGn 47:24 Lv 5:16 , 24 ; 22:14 ; 27:13 , 27 , 31 Nu 5:7 ;
cstr. ִישׁית ֶכּסֶף
ִ ֲחמ Lv 27:15 , 19 .
† II. ֫
חֹמֶשׁ S 2569 , 2570
TWOT 686b , 687a
GK 2823 , 2824
n. m. belly ( Aramaic ) —
† ֻשׁיםִ ֲחמS 2571 , 2572 TWOT 686c , 688a GK 2821 , 2826 adj. pl. in battle array ,
always this form, Ex 13:18 ( E ), Jos 1:14 ; 4:12 (both D ), Ju 7:11 + Nu 32:17
(JE), v. חושׁ.
חמתTWOT 689
( √ of foll.; meaning unknown; MV al. , very improbably, from
Arabic grow rancid, putrid; see on formation, Lag BN 154
).
† ֵ ֫חמֶת S 2573
TWOT 689a
GK 2827
ֶ ֑חמn. [ m. ] waterskin ( NH id. ) —
, ֶת
ַה ֶח֑מֶת ַה ֵח֫מGn 21:19 ; ַ ́מיִם
Gn 21:15 ; ֶת וְ ֵ ̀חמַת Gn 21:14 ( v. Di ), [ Hb 2:5
ֲח ָמ ְת ָך v. ] ֵחמָה.
† ֲחמָת S 2574 , 2579
GK 2828
, ַת
ֲחמn.pr.loc. (√ dub. ; Thes MV al. der. from
ָחמָה, ֲחמָת = fortress , or ( v. RS Sem i, 140
), sacred enclosure, temenos , ḥimā , cf.
Hal JAS 7 ème Sér. x, 392 Lag BN 82, 156 ; but no certainty that name is Shemitic; Arabic ,
Assyrian Amattu , Dl PA 275 ff. Pr 174 ) ;—mod. Ḥamâ , on el-‛Âṣi (Orontes), 38 h. ( c.
115 m. ) N. of Damascus, v. Bd Pal. 398 f. It had a king, ִי
תֹּע, in David’s time 2 S
8:9 = 1 Ch 18:9 , and in 8th cent. B.C. 2 K 19:13 = Is 37:13 ; gods of its own 2
K 17:30 ; 18:34 = Is 36:19 ; gave its name to land (limits unknown) ֶץ ִר ְבלָה ְבּ ֶאר
ח׳ 2 K 23:33 ; 25:31 Je 39:5 ; 52:9 , 27 , cf. 2 Ch 8:4 ; contained Isr. exiles Is
11:11 ; furnished colonists for Samaria 2 K 17:24 ( cf. v 30 supr. ) after being
conquered by Sargon, ( COT 2 K 17:24 ; 18:34 cf. Is 10:9 ). It is called great
Hamath by Am 6:2 ( ָה ֲחמַת ַרבּ,— ֲחמַתonly here). ח׳is mentioned with ֶשׂק
ֶ ַדּמּ,
צֹר, צִידוֹןin prophecy against land Hadrach ( ) ַח ְד ָר ְךZc 9:2 , cf. Je 49:23 . Often
in phr. ְבֹא ח׳ = ) עַד־ ( לthe entrance to H. , i.e. the approach to H. , as territorial
limit Ju 3:3 ; usually as denoting (ideal) northern limit of Isr. territory Jos 13:5 Nu
13:21 ; 24:8 Am 6:14 1 K 8:65 = 2 Ch 7:8 , 2 K 14:25 1 Ch 13:5 ; ָה ֲח ָמ֑ת1
Ch 18:3 ; ָה
צוב ח׳2 Ch 8:3 , and ֵשׁיב
ִ ֶשׂק וְאֶת־ח׳ לִיחוּדָה ה
ֶ אֶת־ ַדּמּ2 K 14:28 ; so
also Ez 47 , 48 : גְּבוּל ח׳Ez 47:17 , cf. v 16b + v 16a ( del. Co ); ְבוֹא ח׳ ל
48:1 , cf. 47:20 ; ֶל־יַד ח׳
א48:1 .
† ִי
ֲח ָמתS 2577 GK 2833 adj. gent. c. art. = subst. ַה ֲח ָמ ִ ֑תי, as descendants of
Canaan Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16 .
ַחמַּת S 2575
GK 2829 , 2830
n.pr.loc. v. sub חמם.
† [ ָנוּת
חS 2588
TWOT 690a
GK 2844
] n. f. cell ( as having curved or vauled roof,
arched; v. Thes Gf , and cf. Aramaic vaulted room ) — חנֻיּוֹת
ֲ ַהJe 37:16 ( ||
) הַבּוֹר בֵּית.
† ֲחנִית S 2595
TWOT 690b
GK 2851
n. f. spear ( as flexible ? v. Thes ) ;— abs.
ֲחנִית 2 S 13:19 + 26 times; cstr. id. 1 S 26:16 (so v 22 Qr , where Kt has
art.); sf. ֲחנִי ֶת֑ ָךHb 3:11 ; ֲחנִיתוֹ1 S 17:7 ( ×2 )
+ 11 times + 2 S 23:8 , v. infr. ;
pl. ֲחנִיתִים2 Ch 23:9 ; ֲחנִיתוֹתֵיהֶםIs 2:4
= ֶם ֲחנִיתֹתֵיהMi 4:3 ;— 1. spear , as
( ×2 )
hurled 1 S 18:10 , 11 ; 19:9 , 10 20:33 ; held by king 22:6 ; sign of king’s
presence 26:7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 16 , 22 ( v. RS K 171 ); also 2 S 1:6 ; 2:23 ; 21:19 ;
23:18 , 21 ( ×3 ) 1 Ch 11:11 = 2 S 23:8 , where read ֵר ( אֶת־ ֲחנִיתוֹ הוּא עוֹרfor הוּא
֯ ) ֲעדִינוֹ ָה ֶע ְצנaccording to Ew Th Ke Klo Dr (not We ), 1 Ch 11:20 , 23 ( ×3 )
ִו
; pl. 2 Ch 23:9 ; often || ֶב ֶחר1 S 13:19 , 22 ; 17:45 , 47 ; 21:9 Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3
, Na 3:3 ; || ִים ְשׁ ָלט2 K 11:10 ; || ִצנָּה1 Ch 12:35 (Baer); ַמסָּעJb 41:18 ; סְגֹרψ
35:3 ; || ֶשׁת ֶ קψ 46:10 . 2. a. shaft of spear is עֵץ ח׳2 S 23:7 1 Ch 20:5 + 1 S 17:7
Qr (doubtless right; Kt ) חץ. b. spear-head ֶת ח׳ ַל ֶחב1 S 17:7 , cf. ַלהַב ח׳Jb
39:23 ; ַק ח׳ ְבּרNa 3:3 Hb 3:11 . c. butt of spear אַ ֲחרֵי ח׳2 S 2:23 . 3. metaph. of
teeth of lions ψ 57:5 ( || ; חציםfig. of Psalmist’s enemies).
R3
); pl. abs. ַמחֲנוֹת Gn 32:8 + 9 times; cstr. 1 Ch 9:18 + 2 times, חנִים
ֲ ַמNu
13:19 ; sf. (appar. pl. n. ) הם ֶ ַמ ֲחנֵיJos 10:4 + 5 times;—on du. v. ם׳n.pr. infr.
1. camp, place of encampment: a. of caravan of travellers Gn 32:22 ( J ), especially
of Isr. at Exod. and in wildern. Ex 16:13 ( ×2 ) 19:16 , 17 (all P ; disting. from עם
ַ );
ַשׁעַר ם׳Ex 32:26 (JE); especially מִחוּץ הם׳in connexion with uncleanness, etc.,
Ex 29:14 Lv 4:12 ( P ) + often, of position of tent of meeting Ex 33:7 ( ×2 ) (JE),
contr. Nu 2:17 ( P ), where of encampments of several tribes, cf. 1:52 ; 2:3 ; 10:2
, 5 , 6 , 25 etc., (all P ), already passing over to 3 ( cf. ַחֹנִים
ה10:5 , 6 ); b.
specif. of camp of Levites , surrounding tabernacle, so that P can say אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד
ַמ ֲחנֵה ַה ְלוִיִםNu 2:17 ; and so (late) of temple הַשֹּׁ ֲערִים ְל ַמחֲנוֹת ְבּנֵי ִלוֵי1 Ch
9:18 , as well as ֲנוֹת י׳ ַשׁ ֲערֵי ַמח2 Ch 31:2 ; pl. ( opp. = ִמ ְב ָצרִיםfortresses ) Nu
13:19 . 2. camp of armed host Jos 6:11 ( ×2 ) , 14 (JE), 1 S 4:3 , 5 , 6 ( ×2 ) , 7 ;
17:53 2 K 7:16 etc. 3. a. those who encamp Nu 10:5 , 6 1 Ch 11:5 ψ 27:3 (all c.
vb. ) חנה, cf. (prob.) Is 37:36 = 2 K 19:35 , etc. b. company, body of people;
people and beasts Gn 32:8 , 9 ( ×2 ) , 11 ; 33:8 , funeral company of Jacob Gn 50:9 ;
of Isr. on march Ex 14:19 , 20 cf. Nu 10:5 , 6 . c. army, host Jos 8:13 ; 10:5 ;
11:4 Ju 4:15 , 16 ( ×2 ) 7:1 , 8 ; 8:10 ( ×2 ) , 11 ( ×2 ) 12 1 S 17:1 , 46 2 K 3:9
even while in the thick of the fight; 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 etc.
† ַמ ֲחנֵה־ ָד֑ן n.pr.loc. = camp of Dan , name given, Ju 13:25 ; 18:12 , to place
where Danites encamped ( v. Bla ).
† ַיִם
ַמ ֲחנS 4266 GK 4724 n.pr.loc. ( two camps ) —E. of Jordan; name from
Jacob’s meeting angels according to Gn 32:3 ( J ), place on border of Gad Jos 13:26
, of Manasseh v 30 ( P ); Levit. city in Gad 21:36 ( P ) = 1 Ch 6:65 ; named also
2 S 2:8 ( הנָ֑יִם
ֲ ) ַמ, v 12 , 29 ( נָ֑יִם- ), 19:33 1 K 2:8 ( ֑נָים- ); ַמ ֲח ֑נָיְמָה2 S 17:24
, 27 1 K 4:14 ; site unknown, v. Di Gn; ח ֑נָיִם
ֲ ִכּמְחֹלַת ַה ַמּCt 7:1 is put here Ex
Hi Öt al. : as at a (the) dance of Mahanaim; dance of a double choir Gi Stickel
RV .
† ַ ֫תּחַן S 8465
GK 9380
n.pr. m. ( perhaps abbrev. from — ) ַתּ ֲחנֶהan Ephraimite
Nu 26:35 Ταναχ , 1 Ch 7:25 Θαεν , L Θααν .
† [ ָה
ַתּ ֲחנS 8466
TWOT 690d
GK 9381
] n. f. encamping , or encampment ;— pl.
sf. ( ַתּחֲנֹתִיsi vera l. ) אַלְמֹנִי אֶל־מְקוֹם פְּלֹנִי 2 K 6:8 , unto such and such a
place is my encamping; but form very strange. Read prob. ְאוּ
ֵתּחָֽבye shall hide
yourselves , so S Th Klo .
† ָחנַטS 2590 TWOT 691 GK 2845 , 2846 vb. spice, make spicy, embalm ( NH id. ,
bud, blossom; Arabic become mature , II. prepare for burial , spices for a corpse;
embalmer , Dozy i, 322 after PS 1320 ; Aramaic , חנַט
ֲ embalm; so Ethiopic (loan-word Di
110
) ) ;— Qal Pf. 3 fs. הָֽנְטָה וַיַּ ַחנְטוּGn 50:2 , 26 ; Inf.
Ct 2:13 ; Impf. 3 mpl.
cstr. ַלחֲנֹטGn 50:2 ;— 1. spice, make spicy ַה ְתּ ֵאנָה ח׳ ַפגֶּי ָהCt 2:13 the fig-tree
spiceth its figs , so VB De in transl. ( Ew De in notes Öt al. prefer reddeneth , on
account of spring season, cf. the less common and perhaps secondary sense in Arabic
become red (of leather) Lane 657 a ). 2. embalm , sq. acc. pers. Gn 50:2 ( ×2 )
(performed by ִים ) הָרֹ ְפא, v 26 .
† ֲחנֻטִים S 2590
TWOT 691
GK 2847
n. [ m. ] pl. abstr. embalming , only יְמֵי
הַח׳ Gn 50:3 i.e. the days consumed in the embalming process = אַ ְר ָבּעִים יוֹם v.
Di
† ִחטָּה S 2406
TWOT 691b
GK 2636
n. f. wheat ( NH id. , Aramaic ִין
ִחנְט,
חִי ְטּתָא, ; Arabic ) ;— abs. ח׳Ex 9:32 + 6 times; pl. ִחטִּיםGn 30:14 + 20 times;
ִחטִּיןEz 4:9 ; cstr. ִחטֵּיEz 27:17 ;— wheat , sg. chiefly poet., of growing wheat
Ex 9:32 ( E ), Dt 8:8 Jb 31:40 Jo 1:11 ; sown Is 28:25 ; food-product Dt 32:14 (
ֵחלֶב ִכּלְיוֹת ח׳kidney-fat of wheat , i.e. the choicest, v. ֵחלֶב ח׳ ) ֵחלֶבψ 81:17 ( cf.
Gi C.D. Gindsburg.
147:14 infr. ); elsewhere pl. ; wheat as sown Je 12:13 ; wheat-harvest ִיר ח׳
ְקצ
Gn 30:14 ( J ), Ex 34:22 (JE), Ju 15:1 1 S 6:13 ; 12:17 Ru 2:23 , + 2 S 24:15
where insert according to We Dr ; wheat threshed Ju 6:11 1 Ch 20:21 cf. v
23 ; measured 1 K 5:25 = 2 Ch 2:9 ( ַכּוֹת חטים מ, read ח׳ מַכֹּלֶתas 1 K 5:25
= wheat for food Th Be Ke after Vrss ), v 14 ; 27:5 Ez 15:13 ; stored (with
barley, oil and honey) Je 41:8 ; for food 2 S 17:28 , ִים
ֵחלֶב ִחטּψ 147:14 ( cf.
81:14 supr. ); ִים
ִחטּ לֹ ְקחֵי 2 S 4:6 (read ח׳ סֹ ְקלָה We Dr ); ח׳ סֹלֶתfine
wheaten flour Ex 29:2 ( P ); Ez 4:9 ( ִין ִחטּ, Aramaic pl. ) mixed with barley,
beans, lentils, etc., and made into bread.
ַחנִּיאֵל S 2592
GK 2848
n.pr. and חנִינָה
ֲ v. sub חנן.
ֲחנִית S 2595
TWOT 690b
GK 2851
v. sub חנה.
I. חנךTWOT 692
( √ of foll. (see Arabic Syriac); meaning unknown ) .
† II. ך
ְ ַ ָחנS 2596 TWOT 693 GK 2852 vb. train up, dedicate ( cf. Arabic appar.
denom. from , rub palate of child with chewed dates, Lane 659a , of midwife rud
palate of new-born child with oil, etc., before it begins to suck, Dozy ii, 332 ; also
make experienced, submissive , etc. (as one does a horse by a rope in its mouth) Lane
; v. also We Skizzen iii, 154 ; NH ך
ְ ֵ ִחנּaccustom; Aramaic ֲחנַ ְךdedicate , ַחנֵּי ְךas NH
; Ethiopic II. perceive, understand ( Di 108
, initiatio is loan-word Id. ib. ) ) — Qal Pf.
3 ms. sf. ֲחנָכוֹ Dt 20:5 ; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַ ְחנְכֶנּוּ וַיַּנְכוּ1 K
Dt 20:5 , 3 mpl.
8:63 2 Ch 7:5 ; Imv. חֲנֹ ְךPr 22:6 ;— 1. train, train up a (the) youth ( ) ַלנַּעַרPr
22:6 ( cf. NH ך ְ ) חִנּוּ. 2. dedicate , of formal opening of a new house Dt 20:5 ( ×2 )
;
dedicate, consecrate temple 1 K 8:63 = 2 Ch 7:5 (all sq. acc. )
† ִי
חֲנֹכS 2599
GK 2854
adj. gent. of ך
ְ חֲנוֹ4, only c. art. = הַח׳subst. coll.
Nu 26:5 .
†[ך
ְ ָחנִיS 2593
TWOT 693a
GK 2849
] adj. trained, tried, experienced , only pl.
sf. ֲחנִיכָיו יְלידֵי בֵיתוֹ, Gn 14:14 i.e. his tried and trusty men, born in his house.
† ַחכָּה S 2443
TWOT 693c
GK 2676
n. f. hook fastened in jaw, fish-hook ( NH
id. , Aramaic ָא
— ) ַח ְכּתabs. ח׳Jb 40:25 + 2 times;— ַשׁלִיכֵי ַביְאֹר ַח ָכּ֑ה
ְ כָּל־מIs
19:8 ( || דּיָּגִיםַ ) ַה, ֹ ְבּ ַחכָּה ֵה ֲעלָה כֻּלּהHb 1:15 (of אדם, who, v 14 , is comp. to
ְדּגֵי ַהיָּם, and ) ֶרמֶשׂ, cf. ִתּמְשֹׁ ְך ִלוְיָתָן ְבּ ַח ָ ֑כּהJb 40:25 .
ִחנָּם S 2600
TWOT 694b
GK 2855
v. sub I. חנן.
† ֲחנַ ְמאֵל S 2601
GK 2856
n.pr. m. ( perhaps = — ) חנן־אלJeremiah’s cousin,
son of his uncle Je 32:7 , 8 , 9 , cf. ח׳ דֹּדִיv 12 ; Αναμεηλ .
† [ ֵל
ֲחנָמS 2602
TWOT 693a
GK 2857
] n. [ m. ] only מ֑ל
ַ ָ ַבּ ֲחנψ 78:47 (on form
v. Dr Sm p. 98
) as instr. of destroying sycomores ( || ָד
;) ָבּרmeaning conject.; B
frost.
† I. ָחנַןS 2603
TWOT 694 , 695
GK 2858 , 2859
vb. shew favour, be gracious ( NH id.
, Aramaic חנַן
ֲ , ; Arabic yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable,
inclined towards; Sab. חןin n.pr. חן מסבררהםDHM Epigr. Denkm. 40 ; Ph. חנןin חן
favour , and n.pr. as אלחנן, ; חננבעלAssyrian in deriv. annu, grace, favour, unninu,
têninu nannu , id. , Lotz TP Zim BP 23, 66 ) — Qal Pf. חנַן ָ Gn 33:5 ; sf. ַחנַּ֫נִיGn 33:11
ַ ְ ֯י2 S 12:22 ; חַנֹּתִיEx 33:19 ; ָחנָ֑נוּLa 4:16 ; Impf. יֶ ֱחנַןAm 5:15 ; יָחֹןDt
; חנַּנִי
28:50 ; ָן וַיָּ֫ח2 K 13:23 ; sf. יָ ְחנְ ָךGn 43:29 Is 30:19 ; וִי ֻחנֶּ ָךּNu 6:25 ; יְ ֻחנֶּנּוּIs 27:11
Jb 33:24 ; חוֵּנוּ ָ ְ יψ 67:2 ; 123:2 Mal 1:9 ; תָּחֹןψ 59:6 ; sf. ְתּ ָחנֵּםDt 7:2 ; אָחֹןEx
33:19 ; Imv. sf. חנֵּנִי ָ ψ 4:2 + 17 times ψψ ; ָחנְנֵנִיψ 9:14 (Baer pts. ָחנֵּנוּ ;) ַחנְנֵנִיIs
33:2 ψ 123:3 ( ×2 ) ; ָנּוּנוּ חJu 21:22 ; ָחנֻּנִיJb 19:21 ( ×2 ) ; Inf. abs. חָנוֹןIs 30:19 ;
cstr. ַנּוֹת חψ 77:10 ; ֶחנְנָהּψ 102:14 ; ֲחנַנְכֶםIs 30:18 ; Pt. חֹנֵןPr 14:31 ; חוֹנֵןψ
37:21 + 5 times ψψ Pr.— favour, shew favour; 1. of man: a. Ju 21:22 favour us with
them (2 acc. ; i.e. by giving them to us). b. in dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans ,
abs. ψ 37:21 , 26 = 112:5 ; c. acc. Pr 14:31 ; 19:17 ; 28:8 ; c. ל ְ ψ 109:12 . c.
by considering and sparing , c. acc. Dt 7:2 ; 28:50 La 4:16 Jb 19:21 ( ×2 ) . 2. of
God, a. in the bestowal of favours, with acc. Gn 33:11 ( E ), 43:29 ( J ), Nu 6:25 ( P
), 2 S 12:22 ; double acc. Gn 33:5 ( E ), חנֵּנִי ָ תּוֹרָֽ ְת ָךbe gracious unto me (in giving)
thy law ψ 119:29 . b. usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and
sins; abs. ψ 77:10 , elsewhere c. acc. Ex 33:19 ( ×2 ) (JE), Am 5:15 2 K 13:23 Is
27:11 ; 30:18 , 19 ( ×2 ) ; 33:2 Mal 1:9 ψ 4:2 ; 6:3 ; 9:14 ; 25:16 ; 26:11 ; 27:7 ;
30:11 ; 31:10 ; 41:5 , 11 ; 51:3 ; 56:2 ; 57:2 ( ×2 ) ; 59:6 ; 67:2 ; 86:3 , 16 ; 102:14 ;
119:58 , 132 ; 123:2 , 3 ( ×2 ) Jb 33:24 .— Jb 19:17 v. II. חנן. Niph. Pf. 2 fs. תּ ְ ְנֵ ַחנ
Je 22:23 be pitied ( cf. ) ארר √ נֵאַרbut S B express groan (i.e. נֶ ֱאנַ ְח ְתּ, which
is favoured by context, and adopted by Hi Ew Gf Gie al. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. make
gracious, favourable חנֵּן קוֹלוַֹ ְ כִּי־יPr 26:25 . Po el Impf. 3 ms. direct favour to ( Ges
§ 55, 1
) ָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ
וְאֶת־ ֲע ָפרψ 102:15 ; Pt. מְחוֹנֵן ֲענָ ֯יִם Pr 14:21 . Hoph. Impf. יֻחַןbe
shewn favour, consideration Is 26:10 Pr 21:10 . Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. ִה ְת ַחנַּנְתָּה 1 K 9:3
+ 5 times Pf. ; Impf. וַיִּ ְת ַחנֵּן ַ וַ ִתּ ְתEst 8:3 ; ֶא ְת ַחנָּ֑ןψ 30:9 + etc. + 6
2 K 1:13 ; חנֶּן־
times Impf. ; Inf. ְל ִה ְת ַחנֶּן־ Est 4:8 ; חנְנוֹ
ַ ְבּ ִה ְתGn 42:21 — seek or implore favour: 1.
of man , with ֶל
אGn 42:21 ( E ) 2 K 1:13 ; with ְלJb 19:16 Est 4:8 ; 8:3 . 2. of God ,
with ֶל־
אDt 3:23 1 K 8:33 , 47 = 2 Ch 6:37 , Jb 8:5 ψ 30:9 ; 142:2 ; with ְלHo
12:5 Jb 9:15 ; with לפני1 K 8:59 ; 9:3 2 Ch 6:24 .
† I. ֵן
חS 2580 , 2581
TWOT 694a
GK 2834 , 2835
n. m. ψ 45:3 favour, grace ;— ח׳
Gn 6:8 + 67 times; sf. חִנּוֹGn 39:21 ;— 1. favour, grace, elegance: a. of from and
appearance , of a woman || ִי ֑ Pr 31:30 ; ֵשׁת חֵן
יֹפ ֶ אPr 11:16 ; זונה טובת חןNa
3:4 ; of a doe Pr 5:19 ; precious stone אבן חןPr 17:8 ; of ornaments Pr 1:9 = 4:9
, 3:32 . b. of speech , lips ψ 45:3 Pr 22:11 ; words Ec 10:12 . 2. favour,
acceptance: a. with men Pr 13:15 ; 22:1 Ec 9:11 . b. with God Zc 4:7 ( ×2 ) ; 12:10
; chiefly in phrases: מצא חן בעיניfind favour in the eyes of: (1) men Gn 30:27 ;
32:6 ; 33:8 , 10 , 15 ; 34:11 ; 39:4 ; 47:25 , 29 ; 50:4 Nu 32:5 (all J ); Dt 24:1
Ru 2:2 , 10 , 13 1 S 1:18 ; 16:22 ; 20:3 , 29 ; 25:8 ; 27:5 2 S 14:22 ; 16:4 1 K
11:19 Est 5:8 ; 7:3 ; (2) of God Gn 6:8 ; 18:3 ; 19:19 Ex 33:12 , 13 ( ×2 ) , 16 ,
17 ; 34:9 Nu 11:11 , 15 (all J ); Ju 6:17 2 S 15:25 Pr 3:4 ; abs. ( מצא חןwith
man) Pr 28:23 ; (with God) Je 31:2 ; לפניו מצא חן Est 8:5 (i.e. of the king); נתן
חן בעיניgive favour in the eyes of (1) man Gn 39:21 Ex 3:21 ; 11:3 ; 12:36 ( J );
abs. נתן חןof man ψ 84:12 ; (2) of God Pr 3:34 ; ֵינֵי נשׂא חֵן ְבּעobtain favour in
the eyes of Est 2:15 ; of the king 5:2 ; so פנָיו
ָ ִשּׂא־חֵן וָ ֶח ֶסד ְלָ וַתּEst 2:17 .
ִחנָּם S 2600
TWOT 694b
GK 2855
subst. used chiefly in the accus. as adv. ( cf.
Assyrian annáma , in vain , Dl K 7, Pr 44
; from ֵן
ח, with aff. ָ — ם, which is
sometimes found in substantives proper, as ָם
ֻסלּ, and pr. names, but is more partic.
used with substs. applied adverbially, as ָם
יוֹמ, אָ ְמנָם, דּוּמָם, רֵיקָם: Sta § 293
Ba
NB § 216
) —lit. out of favour ; i.e. a. gratis, gratuitously, for nothing , ָעבַד ִחנָּםto
serve for nought Gn 29:15 Jb 1:9 , Is 52:3 to be sold ( fig. ) for nought v 5 ; Ex
21:2 , 11 חנָּם ִ יָצָאto go out (from slavery) freely, for nothing , Nu 11:5 which we
used to eat in Egyptian for nought , Je 22:13 1 Ch 21:24 ; in the genitive 2 S 24:24
עלוֹת ִחנָּםi.e. burntofferings which cost nothing (in the || 1 Ch 21:24 the constr. is
changed). b. for no purpose, in vain Pr 1:17 Mal 1:10 : once חנָּם ִ ( אֶלcf. אֶל7 )
Ez 6:10 . c. gratuitously, without cause, undeservedly , especially of groundless
hostility or attack 1 S 19:5 חנָּם
ִ ְל ָהמִיתto slay David without cause , 25:31 ψ 35:7
( ×2 )
; 109:3 ; 119:161 ְרדָפוּנִי ִחנָּם, Pr 1:11 ; 3:30 ; 23:29 Jb 2:3 ְל ַבלְּעוֹ ח׳,
9:17 ; 22:6 Ez 14:23 , ψ 35:19 and 69:5 שׂנְאַי ִחנָּםmy haters without cause , La
† II. ֵן
חS 2580 , 2581 TWOT 694a GK 2834 , 2835 n.pr. m. ( favour ) —contemp. of
Zerubbabel Zc 6:14 , so RV SS We , but RVm Ew Hi Ke Or grace, favour,
kindness .
† חִין S 2433
TWOT 694c
GK 2665
n. [ m. ] ְכּוֹ
ֶער חִין Jb 41:4 the grace of his
proportions ( = ֵן חAramaic ) ִחנָאso AV RV Thes De Volck Da al. ; meaning
not very appropr. in context (description of crocodile); but nothing better has been
proposed; v. suggestions in Di .
† ָה ַחנּS 2584 GK 2839 n.pr. f. ῎Αννα ( cf. Nab. חנהEut No. 20 ) , mother
of Samuel 1 S 1:2 ( ×2 ) , 5 ( ×2 ) , 8 , 9 , 13 , 15 , 19 , 20 , 22 ; 2:1 , 21 .
† ָן
ָחנS 2605 GK 2860 n.pr. m. ( gracious; cf. Sab. חנן, Ph. — ) חנא1. one of
the warrious of David 1 Ch 11:43 . 2. one of the heads of families of Nethinim Ezr
2:46 = Ne 7:49 . 3. names of Levites Ne 8:7 ; 10:11 ; 13:3 . 4. chiefs of the
people: a. Ne 10:23 . b. Ne 10:27 . 5. Benjamite name 1 Ch 8:23 , 38 ; 9:44 ( cf.
n.pr.loc. חנָן
ָ בֵּית, Mish. ) ְכּפַר ָחנָן. 6. אִישׁ ָהאֱלֹהִיםhead of a prophetic guild,
ְבּנֵי ָהנָן Je 35:4 .
† חָנוּן S 2586
GK 2842
n.pr. m. ( favoured; cf. Assyrian Håanunu , king of Gaza
COT on 2 K 15:29 ) ;— 1. an Ammonite king 2 S 10:1 , 2 , 3 , 4 1 Ch 19:2 ( ×2 )
, 3 , 4 , 6 . 2. Jewish chiefs, contemporaries of Nehemiah: a. Ne 3:13 . b. Ne 3:30 .
† חַנּוּן S 2587
TWOT 694d
GK 2843
adj. gracious , only used as an attribute of
God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Ex 22:26 (covt. code), || ֵם
ְמ ַרחψ 116:5
; elsewhere in the earlier phrase ַנּוּן
רַחוּם וְחEx 34:6 (JE) = ψ 86:15 ; 103:8 , or
the later ַחוּם
חַנּוּן וְר2 Ch 30:9 Ne 9:17 , 31 ψ 111:4 ; 112:4 ; 145:8 Jo 2:13
Jon 4:2 .
† ֲחנִינָה S 2594
TWOT 694e
GK 2850
n. f. favour חנִינָה
ֲ לֹא־ ֶאתֵּן ָלכֶםI will
shew you no favour Je 16:13 ( v. on form Ba NB 136
).
† ַחנִּיאֵל S 2592
GK 2848
n.pr. m. ( favour of Ēl ; cf. Ph. חנבעל, חנמלקרת
(Hamilcar) favour of Melqart; Nab. חנאלVog No. 10 ) — 1. prince of tribe of
Manasseh Nu 34:23 . 2. a chief of the tribe of Asher 1 Ch 7:39 .
† ֲחנַנְאֵל S 2606
GK 2861
n.pr. m. ( Ēl is gracious; cf. Ph. חננבעל, אלחנן,
etc. ) —name of a tower at Jerusalem Je 31:38 Zc 14:10 Ne 3:1 ; 12:39 .
† ָד
ֵחנָדS 2582 GK 2836 n.pr. m. ( חֵן+ ָהדָדfavour of Hadad ) —levite chief Ezr
3:9 Ne 3:18 , 24 ; 10:10 .
† ִי ֲחנָנS 2607 GK 2862 n.pr. m. ( perhaps abbrev. from foll. ) ;— 1. father of the
prophet Jehu 1 K 16:1 , 7 2 Ch 16:7 ; 19:2 ; 20:34 . 2. brother of Nehemiah Ne
1:2 ; 7:2 . 3. a chief musician of David 1 Ch 25:4 , 25 . 4. a chief musician in time
of Nehemiah Ne 12:36 . 5. a priest of Ezra’s time Ezr 10:20 .
† ֲחנַנְיָ֫הוּ S 2608
GK 2864
, ְיָה
ֲחנַנS 2608
GK 2863
n.pr. m. ( י׳hath been
gracious ) — Ανανίας ; חנַנְיָהוּ
ֲ : ( cf. חנניהוon Israel. seal, Ganneau JAs Fev.-
Mars 1883, 128, No. 1
) — 1. father of a prince under Jehoiakim
Je 36:12 . 2. captain of
Uzziah’s army 2 Ch 26:11 . 3. chief of one of the divisions of musicians of David 1
Ch 25:23 = חנַנְיָה ֲ v 4 .— ֲחנַנְיָה: 4. a false prophet of Jeremiah’s time Je 28:1 ,
5 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 15 ( ×2 ) , 17 . 5. one of the three companions of Daniel Dn
1:6 , 7 , 11 , 19 . 6. grandfather of an officer of the guard in Jeremiah’s time Je
37:13 . 7. a son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:19 , 21 . 8. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:24 . 9. various
postexilic persons. a. Ezr 10:28 b. Ne 3:8 . c. Ne 3:30 . d. Ne 7:2 . e. Ne 10:24 . f.
Ne 12:12 , 41 .
† I. ָה
ְתּ ִחנּS 8467 , 8468
TWOT 694f
GK 9382 , 9383
n. f. favour, supplication for
favour ;— ת׳Jos 11:20 + 4 times; cstr. ְתּ ִחנַּת 1 K 8:30 , 52 ( ×2 )
; ִי
ְתּ ִחנָּתJe
37:20 + 5 times; ֶם
ְתּהִנֹּתֵיה2 Ch 6:39 etc. + 10 times sf. ;— 1. favour , shewn by
Israel Jos 11:20 ( D ); יהוה מאת Ezr 9:8 . 2. supplication for favour , from God 1
K 8:52 ( ×2 )
2 Ch 33:13 ψ 119:170 ; || ָה
ְתּ ִפּלּ1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19 , ψ 6:10 ;
55:2 ; (ו)תחנה תפלה 1 K 8:38 , 45 , 49 , 54 = 2 Ch 6:29 , 35 , 39 1 K 9:3 ; ת׳
אשׁר התפלל 1 K 8:30 ( = ַתּחֲנוּן 2 Ch 6:21 ); פנֵי
ְ ִל
תִּפֹּל ת׳let the supplication
fall before , Yahweh Je 36:7 , the king Je 37:20 , Jeremiah Je 42:2 ; ִיל ת׳ לפניִהפּ
present supplication before , Yahweh Je 42:9 Dn 9:20 , the king Je 38:26 .
† II. ָה
ְתּ ִחנּS 8467 , 8468
TWOT 694f
GK 9382 , 9383
n.pr. m. one in the line of Judah
1 Ch 4:12 .
† [ ֲנוּן
ַתּחS 8469
TWOT 694g
GK 9384
] n. [ m. ] only pl. abstr. supplication
for favour ;— abs. ַתּחֲנוּנִים ַתּחֲנוּנֵיJe 3:21 2 Ch 6:21 ;
Pr 18:23 + 4 times; cstr.
sf. 1 s. ֲנוּנַי ַתּחψ 28:2 etc., + 9times sf. ; also ַתּחֲנוּנוֹ ָת֑יψ 86:6 ;— 1. made to
men: ֶר ת׳ ( ִדּבּa poor man to the rich) Pr 18:23 ; ת׳ אֵלsupplication unto (crocodile
to man) Jb 40:27 ; elsewhere 2. to God: || תפלהψ 143:1 Dn 9:3 , 17 ; ת׳ אשׁר
התפלל2 Ch 6:21 ( = תחנה1 K 8:30 ); קוֹל ת׳voice of supplication ψ 28:2 , 6 ;
31:23 ; 86:6 ; 130:2 ; 140:7 , also 116:2 (for ִי קוֹלis old case-ending, and cstr. as
B Che Bae al. ); || ְבּכִיJe 31:9 ; ְבּכִי ת׳Je 3:21 ; רוח חן ות׳Zc 12:10 ;
ֲאנַחְנוּ ַמפִּילִים ת׳ ְל ָפנֶי ָךDn 9:18 we are presenting our supplications before thee;
ִבּ ְת ִחלַּת ת׳Dn 9:23 at the beginning of thy supplication .
† ָחנֵס S 2609
GK 2865
n.pr.loc. Is 30:4 in Lower Egypt, on island in Nile, S. of
Memphis ( || ַן = ) צֹעEgyptian Ḥnnstn [ Ḥnénsĕ ], Assyrian Håininši; Herodot. ii,
137
῎Ανυσις , afterward Heracleopolis magna , now Ahnâs; v. Steindorff BAS i, 602 .
†[ ָחנֵף S 2610 , 2611 TWOT 696 , 696b GK 2866 , 2867 , 2868 ] vb. be polluted, profane (
Arabic incline, decline , hence inclining to a right state , but in Heb. of inclining away
from right, irreligion, profaneness , cf. have a i.e. distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be
profane , etc.; NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter , ָה חֲנוּכּhypocrisy;
Assyrian ḫanpu , ruthlessness; ḫanâpu , exercise ruthlessness toward , Tel Amarna
Zim ZA vi, 1891, 256 ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. ָה חָֽנְפIs 24:5 ; 3 pl. ָחנֵפ֑וּJe 23:11 ; Impf. 3
ֱ ֶתּJe 3:1 ; ֶתּ ֱח ֑נָףMi 4:11 ; וַ ֶתּ ֱחנַףJe 3:9 ψ 106:38 ; Inf. abs. חָנוֹףJe 3:1 ;—
fs. חנַף
1. be polluted: of land Is 24:5 Je 3:1 ( ×2 ) ψ 106:38 ; of Zion Mi 4:11 . 2. of prophet
and priest = be חנֵף ָ ( cf. infr. ) i.e. profane, godless Je 23:11 .— Je 3:9 appar. trans.
וַ ֶתּ ֱחנַף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Ges § 121, 1
, but read rather Hiph. חנֵף
ֲ וַ ַתּ
Steindorff G. Steindorff.
with Codd. Ew al. ( v. also Gf Gie ). Hiph. Impf. יַ ֲחנִיף Nu 35:33 Dn 11:32 ;
וַ ַתּ ֲח ֫נִיפJe 3:2 ; 2 mpl. —; ַתּ ֲח ֫נִיפוּ1. pollute: the land Nu 35:33 ( ×2 ) (by
2 fs. ִי
blood; P ), Je 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Je 3:9 ( v. supr. ) 2. make profane, godless Dn
11:32 c. acc. pers.
† ֫
חֹנֶף S 2612
TWOT 696a
GK 2869
n. [ m. ] profaneness — ח׳ ַלעֲשׂוֹת Is 32:6
to practise profaneness ( + ָה
נְ ָבל, אָוֶן, ) תּוֹעָה.
† ֵף ָחנS 2610 , 2611 TWOT 696 , 696b GK 2866 , 2867 , 2868 adj. profane, irreligious (
Syriac profane , hence often heathen, apostate; Arabic inclining to a right state ,
especially the true religion, a Muslim ) — abs. ח׳Jb 8:13 + 10 times; pl. ִים ֲחנֵפ
Is 33:14 ; ֵי
ַחנְפJb 36:13 ψ 35:16 ;— profane, godless: of persons, ח׳ אָדָם Jb 34:30
; ח׳ גּוֹי Is 10:6 ; as subst. godless man Is 9:16 ( || ) מרעJb 8:13 ; 13:16 ; 17:8 ;
20:5 ; 27:8 Pr 11:9 ; coll. ֲעדַת ח׳ Jb 15:34 ; pl. Is 33:14 ; ֵב
ַחנְפֵי־לJb 36 ; 13 ;
ְבּ ַחנְפֵי ַל ֲעגֵי מָעוֹג ψ 35:16 as profane men, mockers for cake (i.e. table-jesters; on
§ 130, 5
cstr. v. Ges ), but text dub. ( v. Che crit. n. Bae ).
† ָה ֲחנֻפּS 2613 TWOT 696c GK 2870 (so Baer; van d. H. ) ֲחנֻפָה n. f.
profaneness, pollution , Je 23:15 .
†[ ָחנַקS 2614
TWOT 697
GK 2871
] vb. strangle ( NH id. , Aramaic חנַק
ֲ ,;
Arabic ) ;— Niph. Impf. ח ֑נַקָ ֵ וַיּ2 S 17:23 strangled himself ( + ) וַיָּ֫מָת. Pi. Pt. ְמ ַחנֵּק
Na 2:13 strangle , of lion strangling prey, fig. of Ninevitish king (object not expressed).
† I. [ ָחסַדS 2616
TWOT 698 , 699
GK 2873 , 2874
] vb. 1. be good, kind ( NH
ָחסַדin
deriv. ִיד
ָחסpious; Aramaic ֲחסַדbe kind, mild (then beg ), chiefly in deriv. ִח ְסדָּאetc.;
cf. perhaps Arabic usually pl. they assembled , sq. they combined for him, and took
pains to shew him courtesy Lane 574c , v. also RS Proph. 409 (and Schu AE v. in
Thes ); > Thes al. who find primary meaning in eager zeal or desire ( || ) קנא, whence
develop kindness (as above), and envy , Arabic envy ( vb. & n. ), Aramaic ַד
ֲחסbe put to
shame , ֵד
ַחסּreproach, revile , v. II. — ) חסדonly Hithp. Impf. עִם־ ָחסִיד ִתּ ְת ַח ָ ֑סּד
thou shewest thyself kind 2 S 22:26 = ψ 18:26 .—On Pi. Pr 25:10 v. II. חסד.
ֶ ֫חסS
† I. ֶד 2617 , 2618
TWOT 698a , 699a
GK 2875 , 2876 , 2877
247 n. m. 2 S 16:17
† ָחסִיד S 2623
TWOT 698b
GK 2883
adj. m. kind, pious ( so, as denoting active
practice of ֶד
ֶחס, kindness, Thes MV De and most, cf. ָקצִיר, ָפּקִידetc.; > Hup
on ψ 4:4 RVm who expl. as passive reception of ’ י׳s ֶד
ֶחס, cf. ָשׂכִיר, אָסִירetc.;
its use as attribute of God Je 3:12 ψ 145:17 , and the context ψ 12:1 Mi 7:2 etc.,
favour active sense ) — ח׳ψ 4:4 + 9 times; ךָ ֲחסִי ֶ ֑דDt 33:8 ψ 89:20 ; ֲחסִידְי ָ ֯ךψ
16:10 ; pl. ֲחסִידִים ֲחסִי ָ ֑דיψ 50:5 ; ָו
ψ 149:1 , 5 ; sf. ֯ ֲחסִיד1 S 2:9 + 15 times
sfs. ;— 1. kind: a. of man עם ח׳ תתחסדwith the kind thou shewest thyself kind 2 S
22:26 = ψ 18:26 . b. of wing of ostrich ִידָה אִם ֶא ְברָה ֲחסJb 39:13 is it a kindly
pinion? poss. with play on ִידָה
ֲחסn. f. stork (is the ostrich kind like the stork?). c.
of God, only Je 3:12 ψ 145:17 . 2. pious, godly , either as exhibition of ‘duteous
love’ toward God ( Che OP 378 ), or (in view of rarity of such passages as Ho 6:4 , 6
Je 2:2 , and their possible ambiguity) because kindness , as prominent in the godly,
comes to imply other attributes, and to be a designation of the godly character, piety:
a. as adj. — גּוֹי לא חסידa nation, not pious , = ungodly ψ 43:1 . b. elsewhere as
subst. : sing., a pious man, the godly ψ 4:4 ; 12:2 ; 32:6 ; 86:2 , || ָשׁר
ָ יMi 7:2 ; (
thy ) pious one ( s ) ψ 16:10 ( Kt pl. ), 1 S 2:9 ( Qr pl. ) Pr 2:8 , ך ָ ֑ אִישׁ ֲחסִי ֶדmen
of thy pious one Dt 33:8 (Moses, v. Di ; others, the man, thy godly one , i.e. Levi);
pl. the pious, godly , those of the people who were faithful, devoted to God’s service,
only in Psalter and chiefly, if not entirely, in late Psalms ψ 149:1 , 5 ; his pious ones
ψ 30:5 ; 31:24 ; 37:28 ; 85:9 ; 97:10 ; 116:15 ; 148:14 ; 149:9 ; thy pious ones ψ
52:11 ; 79:2 ; 89:20 ; 132:9 = 2 Ch 6:41 , ψ 145:10 ; my pious ones ψ 50 ; 5 ,
her (Zion’s) pious ψ 132:16 .—(In Maccab. age, συναγωγὴ Ασιδαίων denoted,
technically, the party of the pious , who opposed the Hellenization of Judaea, v. 1
Macc 2:42 ; cf. 7:13 2 Macc 14:6 and Che OP 48, 56 ; so perhaps ψ 116:15 ; 149:1
, 5 , 9 .)
† ֲחסִידָה S 2624
TWOT 698c
GK 2884
n. f. stork ( so called as king and
affectionate to its young ) — Lv 11:19 = Dt 14:18 ψ 104:17 Je 8:7 Zc 5:9 ; cf.
Lat. pietaticultrix .
only abs. :— הוּא ח׳ Lv 20:17 ( H ), it is a shame (shameful thing); ח׳ ְל ֻאמִּים
ַחטָּאת Pr 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples .
† ָחסָהS 2620
TWOT 700
GK 2879
vb. (mostly poet. and fig. ) seek refuge (
Arabic III. is set aside; v. go aside, apart; shelter, protection; but? = — ) סQal Pf. ח׳
ψ 64:11 ; 3 fs. ָח ָס֫יָה ָח ִס֫יתψ 7:2 + 7 times; pl.
ψ 57:2 , ִי חָסוּ ψ 37:40 Zp 3:12 ,
ָח ָס֫יוּDt 32:17 ; Impf. יֶ ְחסֶּהψ 34:9 , ֶת ְחסֶּהψ 91:4 , ֶא ְחסֶּהψ 57:2 (see Baer ψ 34:9
), ֶה ֶא ֱחסψ 18:3 + 2 times; pl. יֶחֱסוּIs 14:32 , יֶ ֱחסָיוּןψ 36:8 ; Imv. חֲסוּJu 9:15 ;
Inf. ֲסוֹת חψ 118:8 + 3 times; pt. חוֹסֶהIs 57:13 , חֹסֶהPr 14:32 , חוֹסִיםψ 17:7 + 3
times; ְים חֹסPr 30:5 2 S 22:31 (see Baer Pr 30:5 ), חוֹסֵיψ 2:12 ; 5:12 , חֹסֵיNa
1:7 ;— seek refuge , c. בּ ְ : ְבּצֵלin the shadow of a tree Ju 9:15 , ְבּצֵל מצריםIs 30:2 ;
בָּהּIs 14:32 in Zion, in gods Dt 32:37 (poem), elsewhere in God 2 S 22:3 = ψ 18:3 ;
Na 1:7 ψ 2:12 ; 5:12 ; 7:2 ; 11:1 ; 16:1 ; 25:20 ; 31:2 , 20 ; 34:9 , 23 ; 37:40 ;
57:2 64:11 ; 71:1 ; 118:8 , 9 ; 141:8 ; 144:2 , Is 57:13 ; מגן הוא ל(כל ה)חוסים בו
a shield is he to ( all ) who seek refuge in him 2 S 22:31 = ψ 18:31 , Pr 30:5 ; ְ׳
בּis
probably to be supplied in thought at leats: חוסים מושׁיע ψ 17:7 saviour of those
seeking refuge (in thee); צדיק חסה במותוPr 14:32 a righteous man in his death
seeketh refuge (in Yahweh), בשׁם י׳Zp 3:12 , ך
ָ בצל כנפיin shadow of thy wings ψ
36:3 ; 57:2 ; ך
ָ בסתר כנפיψ 61:5 , תחת כנפיוunder his wings ψ 91:4 = Ru 2:12 .
† ָה חֹסS 2621 GK 2880 , 2881 1. n.pr. m. ( refuge ) —name of one of the Levitical
doorkeepers of the temple 1 Ch 16:38 ; 26:10 , 11 , 16 . 2. n.pr.loc. place in the
tribe of Asher Jos 19:29 ; site unknown; Ιασιφ , A Σουσα , L Ωσα .
† חָסוּת S 2622
TWOT 700a
GK 2882
n. f. refuge ;— ריִם
ַ ִמ ְצ וְ ֶהחָסוּת ְבּצֵל Is
30:3 ( || ְעֹה
ַפּר ) מָעוֹז.
†[ ָחסַלS 2628
TWOT 701
GK 2887
] vb. finish off, consume ( Aramaic ַל
ֲחסcome
to an end , Aph. bring to an end ) — Qal Impf. יַ ְח ְסלֶנּוּ הָאַ ְרבֶּה Dt 28:38 of locusts
destroying crops.
† ָחסִיל S 2625
TWOT 701a
GK 2885
n. m. a kind of locust ( sg. coll. ), always
abs. ח׳, and always as destructive; 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 ψ 78:46 (all || ֶה
) אַ ְרבּ,
֑יָל, אַ ְרבֶּה, ;) ָגּוָםcf. אֹסֶף ֶהחָ׳Is 33:4
Jo 1:4 ; 2:25 ( || ֶק the gathering of the
locust , in sim. of despoiling of Assyria ( || ִים ) גֵּב.
†[ ָחסַםS 2629
TWOT 702
GK 2888
] vb. stop up, muzzle ( NH id. , חסום
muzzle; Aramaic ַם
ֲחסbind up fast ) — Qal Impf. לֹא ַתחְסֹוֹ שׁוֹר ְבּדִישׁוֹDt 25:4
thou shalt not muzzle an ox when it is treading (i.e. threshing); Pt. ֶת היא וְחֹ ֶסמEx
39:11 and it shall stop (the way of) the passers-by; but read הַגּיְא
ַ וְחָֽסְמוּ את־and they
shall stop up the valley , Co v. S Hi .
† ְסוֹם ַמחS 4269 TWOT 702a GK 4727 n. m. muzzle , ֶשׁ ְמרָה־ ְלפִי ם׳ ְ אψ 39:2
let me keep a muzzle to my mouth , to avoid (hasty and) erring speech.
חסןS 2630
TWOT 703
GK 2889
( √ of foll.; Aramaic ֲחסַן, , be strong , also take
possession of , ִין
ָחס, strong ; cf. Arabic be rough, hard, coarse ) .
† ֫
חֹסֶן S 2633
TWOT 703a
GK 2890
n. m. Pr 15:6 wealth, treasure ( on relation
to √ meaning cf. ח׳ — ) ַחיִל abs. Pr 15:6 + 2 times; cstr. Is 33:6 Je 20:5 ;—
wealth, treasure , of individuals Pr 15:6 ( ַב
ר ח׳, opp. ) נֶ ְע ָ ֑כּרֶת, Pr 27:24 ( || נֵזֶר
), Ez 22:25 ( || ָר
;) יְקof city הַזֹּאת ח׳ ָהעִיר Je 20:5 ( || ע
ַ יְגִי, יְקָר, ;) אוֹצָרוֹתin
transf. sense ח׳ יְשׁוּעֹת, wealth (or abundance VB ) of salvations , ח׳ יְשׁ׳ ָח ְכמַת
וָָד֑עַת יִרְאַת י׳ הִיא אוֹצָרוֹ
Is 33:6 and stability of thy times shall be abundance of
salvations (helps, deliverances), etc.
† [ ַן
ָחסS 2630
TWOT 703
GK 2889
] vb. only Niph. denom. Impf. 3 ms. יֵ ָחסֵן Is
23:18 be treasured up, hoarded ( || ֵר
) יֵאָצ.
† חָסֹן S 2634
TWOT 703b
GK 2891
adj. strong , of the Amorite Am 2:9 ( ח׳
כָּאַלּוֹנִים, strong as the oaks ); ֶהחָסוֹןas subst. the strong one Is 1:31 . [ ַן
] ָחסIs.
23:18 .
† ֲחסִין S 2626
TWOT 703c
GK 2886
adj. strong, mighty (Aramaism);—only
מִי־כָמוֹ ָך ֲחסִין יָהּ ψ 89:9 .
† [ ַס
ַח ְספּS 2636
TWOT 704
GK 2892
] vb. only Pt. pass. (scaled off) scale-like
( appar. redupl. from חסףfor חספסף, v. Ew § 158 c Ol § § 214, 276 Ges § 55, 6 Sta §
291
; Kö i , 250 thinks euphon. for ָף ; ְמ ֻח ְספּto be comp. are Arabic , have scab, itch (
Frey ; but = ;)? סAramaic ָא ַח ְספּpotsherd , ַח ְס ְפּנִיתָאscale (of fish), scurf;
Ethiopic scabiosus fuit Di 587
and Ex 16:14 ) —hence ָס ְמ ֻח ְספּscaled off, scale-like
, as S Thes RobGes MV SS VB ;—of the manna ְפֹר דַּק ְמ ֻח ְס ָפּ֔ס דַּק ַכּכּ
Ex 16:14 a fine, scalelike thing, fine as the hoar-frost .
† ֶ ֫חסֶר S 2639
TWOT 705a
GK 2895
n. m. Pr 28:22 want, poverty —always abs.
; ֶנּוּ
ח׳ יְבֹאPr 28:22 want shall come to him; || ָכּפָןhunger Jb 30:3 .
† ֫
חֹסֶר S 2640
TWOT 705b
GK 2896
n. [ m. ] want, lack ( Lag
BN 144
) —only
cstr. ח׳ ֶלחֶס Am 4:6 ; כֹּל ח׳ Dt 28:48 , 57 .
† ֶחסְרוֹן S 2642
TWOT 705d
GK 2898
n. m. thing lacking, deficiency ( Lag
BN
198
) —only ח׳ לֹא־יוּכַל ְל ִהמָּנוֹת Ec 1:15 what is lacking cannot be counted .
† ַמחְסוֹר S 4270
TWOT 705e
GK 4728
, ְסֹר
ַמחn. [ m. ] need, thing needed,
poverty ;— ם׳abs. Pr 11:24 + 6 times; cstr. Ju 18:10 ; 19:19 ; sf. ַמחְסוֹ ְר ָך Ju
19:20 ; ך
ָ ַמחְסֹ ְרPr 6:11 ; ַמחְסֹרוֹDt 15:8 ; pl. sf. ַמחְסֹרֶי ָך Pr 24:34 ;— 1.
need = thing needed ְסֹרוֹ
ַמח דֵּי Dt 15:8 enough for his need ( sq. אשׁר יֶ ְחסַר לוֹ,
cf. ָחסֵר vb. ); ל֑י
ָ ָע
כָּל־ם׳Ju 19:20 all thy need be upon me (for me to provide). 2.
lack, want ָר אֵין ם׳ כָּל־ ָדּבJu 18:10 no lack of anything , 19:19 ψ 34:10 . 3. in
gen., need, poverty Pr 6:11 ( || ֵאשׁ = ) ר24:34 ( || ) רֵישׁ, 11:24 ; 14:23 ; 21:5 ;
22:16 ; 28:27 ; ִישׁ ם׳ א21:17 a man of poverty .
†[ ָחפָאS 2644
TWOT 706
GK 2901
] vb. do secretly ( proposes cover , = חפה,
q.v. ) ;—only Pi. Impf. וַיְ ַחפְּאוּ … דבריםand they did things secretly 2 K 17:9 .
†[ ָחפָהS 2645
TWOT 707
GK 2902
] vb. cover ( NH id. , especially Pi.; Aramaic
ֲחפָא, (especially Pa.); Arabic be hidden , hide ) — Qal Pf. חָפוּ2 S 15:30 + 3 times;
Pt. ָפוּי ח2 S 15:30 ; cstr. חֲפוּיEst 6:12 ;— cover the head ( ) רֹאשׁ, in token of grief
2 S 15:30 Je 14:3 , 4 ; pt. agrees with ר׳2 S 15:30 ; ֲפוּי רֹאשׁ ) אָבֵל || ( חEst 6:12 ;
in token of sentence of death Est 7:8 . Niph. Pt. f. פּה ָ נֶ ְחψ 68:14 ( ) כנפי יונה ן׳, c.
ְבּof material. Pi. Pf. (late) ִחפָּה2 Ch 3:5 , 9 ; Impf. וַיְחַף2 Ch 3:7 ; sf. וַיְ ַחפֵּהוּ2
( ×2 )
Ch 3:5 , 8 ; overlay sq. 2 acc. (one of material) 2 Ch 3:5 , 7, 8, 9.
†[ ָחפַזS 2648
TWOT 708
GK 2905
] vb. be in trepidation, hurry, or alarm (
Arabic hasten, incite, urge ) ;— Qal Impf. יַחְפּוֹזJb 40:23 ; ַתּ ְחפְּזוּDt 20:3 ; Inf. cstr.
sf. פזִי
ְ ְבּ ָחψ 31:23 ; 116:11 ; ְבּ ָח ְפזָהּ2 S 4:4 ; ְבּ ָח ְפזָם2 K 7:15 Qr ( Kt ֵהחָֽ ְפזֵם
);— 1. be in a hurry or alarm , of hurried flight 2 S 4:4 2 K 7:15 ; Inf. c. = בnoun,
in my alarm ψ 31:23 ; 116:11 ; 2. be alarmed Dt 20:3 ( || ) תיראו, Jb 40:23 (of
hippopot.) Niph. Pf. פּ֑זוּ ָ נֶ ְחψ 48:6 ( || ) נִ ְבהֲלוּhurry away in alarm; so Impf. יֵ ָחפֵז֑וּן
ψ 104:7 ( || ;) יְנוּסוּןInf. פזֵם ְ ָֽ ֵהח2 K 7:15 Kt v. supr. ; Pt. נֶ ְחפָּז1 S 23:26
hurried ויהי דוד ן׳ ללכתand David became hurried to go .
† ִחפָּזוֹן S 2649
TWOT 708a
GK 2906
n. [ m. ] trepidation, hurried flight ( Lag
BN 200
) —always בח׳ Ex 12:11 ( P ), Dt 16:3 Is 52:12 ( || ָה
) מְנוּס.
ֻחפִּים S 2650
GK 2907
v. sub חפף.
† [ ֶן ֫ S
חֹפ 2651
TWOT 709a
GK 2908
] n. [ m. ] hollow of hand ( NH חוֹפֶן,
Aramaic פנִי
ְ ָח, חוּ ְפנָא, ; Ethiopic —also Arabic hollow in the ground; and,
according to Zehnpfund BAS i, 635
, Assyrian ḫupunnu , bowl , but ḫ = ? ) —only du.
ָח ְפנַיִםEc 4:6 ; cstr. ָח ְפנֵיEz 10:7 ( del. Co intern. grounds); sf. ָח ְפנֶי ָךEz 10:2
; פנָיוְ ָחLv 16:12 Pr 30:4 ; ָח ְפנֵיכֶםEx 9:8 ; ַמלֵּא ח׳Ez 10:2 + v 7 ( del. Co
cf. supr. );— ְלֹא ח׳ = מhandful Ex 9:8 Lv 16:12 (both P ), Ec 4:6 , material
follows in implic. acc. ; מי־אסף רוח בח׳Pr 30:4 .
† ִי
ָח ְפנS 2652 GK 2909 n.pr. m. ( Sab. n.pr. חפן Hal No. 14
) —one of Eli’s
two sons 1 S 1:3 ; 2:34 ; 4:4 , 11 , 17 .
† I. [ ָחפַףS 2653
TWOT 710
GK 2910
] vb. enclose, surround, cover ( Arabic ,
surround , side , or border of a thing ) —only Qal Pt. חֹפֵף ָעלָיו Dt 33:12 (poem) he (
) י׳is covering him over , fig. of ’ י׳s sheltering Benj. (in temple; on omission of subj.
v. Ges § 116. 5. R 3 ).
† חוֹף S 2348
TWOT 710a
GK 2572
n. [ m. ] shore, coast ( as surrounding,
enclosing ) — ח׳only cstr. Gn 49:13 ( ×2 )
+ 5 times:— shore of sea היָּם
ַ ח׳ Dt 1:7
Jos 9:1 (both D ), Ju 5:17 Je 47:7 Ez 25:16 ; ִים
ח׳ יַמּGn 49:13 (poem); ֳאנִיּוֹח
ח׳ v 13 the shore of ships , i.e. to which ships come.
† I. ָה
ֻחפּS 2646 , 2647
TWOT 710b
GK 2903 , 2904
n. f. canopy, chamber ( as
covering, enclosing ) — abs. ח׳ Is 4:5 ; sf. ֻחפָּתוֹ ψ 19:6 ; ָהּ
ֻח ָפּתJo 2:16 ;— 1.
canopy , ח׳ על־כל־כבוד Is 4:5 over all glory a canopy (for protection). 2. chamber
, of bridegroom ψ 19:6 ( metaph. of sun rising); of bride Jo 2:16 ( || חדֶר
ֶ of
bridegroom).
† II. ֻחפָּה S 2646 , 2647
TWOT 710b
GK 2903 , 2904
n.pr. m. 1 Ch 24:13 priest of
13th course Οφφα .
† ֻחפִּים S 2650
GK 2907
n.pr. m. a son of Benjamin Gn 46:21 ( Οφιμ(ε)ιν,
Οφμειν ), descendant of Benjamin 1 Ch 7:15 ( Αμφειν, Αφφειν , L Οφερ ),
and so ִם
ֻחפv 15 ; v. חוּפָם.
I. † ָחפֵץ S 2654 , 2655 TWOT 712 , 712a , 713 GK 2911 , 2913 vb. delight in ( cf. Arabic
be mindful of, attentive to, keep, protect , Aramaic whence eager, zealous , Arabic anger
(excitement), enrage (Aramaic and Arabic of excited attention, Heb. of delighted
attention), Dl Pr 168 Nö ZMG 1886, 742 ; NH ֶץ ֵחפweakened to thing , v. De Ec. Gloss. ,
Ph. in n.pr. —; ) חפצבעלQal Pf. ח׳Gn 34:19 + 28 times; f. ָח ֵפ֑צָהIs 66:3 ; 2 m.
ָח ַפ ְצ ָתּDt 21:14 + 4 times; ָח ָפ֫צְנוּJb 21:14 , etc., + 14 times Pf. ; Impf. יַחְפֹּץDt
25:7 + 7 times; פּ֑ץ ָ יֶ ְחψ 37:23 ; 147:10 ; pl. יַ ְחפְּצוּIs 13:17 Je 6:10 ; יֶ ְח ָפּ֑צוּψ 68:31
; ָצוּ֑ן יֶ ְחפּIs 58:2 ( ×2 ) etc. + 9 times Impf. ; Inf. abs. חָפֹץEz 18:23 ; on Pt. = ָחפֵץ
adj. verb., v. infr. ;— 1. of men: a. take pleasure in, delight in , c. בּ ְ , a woman Gn
34:19 ( J ), Dt 21:14 Est 2:14 ; a man 1 S 18:22 ; 19:1 2 S 20:11 ; in matters and
things 2 S 24:3 Is 13:17 ; 66:3 Je 6:10 ψ 109:17 ; 112:1 ; 119:35 Pr 18:2 Est 6:6 ,
7 , 9 ( ×2 ) , 11 ; c. acc. ψ 68:31 Is 58:2 Ec 8:3 ; implic. obj. ψ 73:25 . b. delight,
desire, be pleased to do a thing, would do it Dt 25:7 , 8 1 K 9:1 Est 6:6 Ru 3:13 ψ
40:9 Jb 9:3 ; 13:3 ; 21:14 ; 33:32 Is 58:2 Je 42:22 . c. abs. פּ֑ץ ָ עַד ֶשׁ ֶתּ ְחuntil it
please (of love) Ct 2:7 ; 3:5 ; 8:4 . 2. of God: a. delight in, have pleasure in , c. בּ
ְ,
persons Nu 14:8 ( J ), 2 S 15:26 ; 22:20 = ψ 18:20 , 1 K 10:9 = 2 Ch 9:8 , ψ 22:9
; 41:12 Is 62:4 ; not in the strength of a horse ψ 147:10 ; in doing evil Mal 2:17 ; in the
death of the sinner Ez 18:32 ; 33:11 ; but in mercy, justice, and righteousness Je 9:23 ;
בחר באשׁר ) לא ( חפצתיIs 56:4 ; 65:12 ; 66:4 ; not with ( acc. ) the blood of bullocks
Is 1:11 ; ( זבח ) יםψ 40:7 ; 51:18 , 21 , or the death of the sinner Ex 18:23 ( ×2 )
; but
with חסדHo 6:6 Mi 7:18 , אמתψ 51:8 ; with the way of a man ψ 37:23 ; חפץ כל
אשׁר ψ 115:3 ; 135:6 Pr 21:1 ; חפץ אשׁר Is 55:11 Jon 1:14 . b. pleased to do a thing
c. inf. Ju 13:23 1 S 2:25 Is 53:10 . c. with impf. subj. ( Ges § 142(3)c
) י׳ ָחפֵץ יגדיל
תּורהYahweh was pleased to magnify teaching Is 42:21 .—On Jb 40:17 v. ַץ
ָחפ.
† ֵ ֫חפֶץ S 2656
TWOT 712b
GK 2914
n. m. Pr 3:15 delight, pleasure ;— ח׳Is
54:12 + 20 times; sf. ֶח ְפ ְצ ָךIs 58:13 etc. + 13 times sfs.; pl. ֲח ָפצִיםPr 8:11 ; sf.
ֲח ָפצֶי ָךPr 3:15 ; ֲחפֶָ֖צ ָךIs 58:13 — 1. delight אבני ח׳Is 54:12 delightful stones;
ֶארֶץ ח׳Mal 3:12 delightsome land; ִדּ ְברֵי ח׳Ec 12:10 ; so perhaps also ִבּגְדֵי ח׳
Ez 27:20 garments of delight , i.e. of beauty and luxury ( Gr ; MT ֶשׁ חֹפq.v. ); c.
ְבּof persons ψ 16:3 Ec 5:3 Mal 1:10 ; of things 1 S 15:22 ; 18:25 ψ 1:2 Jb
21:21 Ec 12:1 ; ִי ֵאין ֵחפֶץ בּוֹ ְכּלvessel wherein is no pleasure Je 22:28 ; 48:38
Ho 8:8 ; ִי ְשׁדַּי כּ
ַ ַה ֵחפֶץ לJb 22:3 is it a pleasure to Shadday that? 2. desire, longing
מנע מח׳ דליםJb 31:16 withhold the poor from ( their ) desire; מְחוֹז ֶח ְפ ָצםthe city
of their desire ψ 107:30 ; כל חפץall ( one’s ) desire 2 S 23:5 1 K 5:22 , 23 , 24 ;
9:11 , 10:13 = 2 Ch 9:12 ; כל חפציםall things to be desired Pr 3:15 ; 8:11 . 3.
the good pleasure, will, purpose , of Yahweh Ju 13:23 ( J ) Is 44:28 ; 46:10 ; 48:14
. 4. that in which one takes delight, his business (late), or matter (very late, cf. Mish.
= thing ) ַח ֵחפֶץ י׳ ְבּיָדוֹ יְִצלthe good pleasure ( cause, business ) of Yahweh will
prosper in his hands Is 53:10 ; ח׳ מצאIs 58:3 , 13 ; עֲשׂוֹת ֲח ָפ ֶצ ָךdoing thy affairs
Is 58:13 (see De in loco); ה ָ ְבּ ֵחפֶץ ַכּפֶּיin the business of her hands Pr 31:13 ; עֵת
ְלכָל־ ֵחפֶץtime for every matter, affair Ec 3:1 , 17 ; 8:6 ; ִתּ ְתמַהּ עַל־ ַה ֵחפֶץ אַל־
marvel not at the matter Ec 5:7 .
ֵ ֫חפS
† I. ֶר 2660
GK 2918 , 2919
n.pr. m. 1. a Manassite Nu 26:32 , 33 ; 27:1 Jos
just before Aphek Jos 12:17 , exact site unknown. 2. 1 K 4:10 in Judah ( ח׳ ארץ
);—on ח׳ ֫גִּתָּה Jos 19:13 , ַח׳
ה גַּת 2 K 14:25 , v. גַּתsub יגן.
† [ ָה
] ֲה ַפ ְר ָפּרn. f. mole ( as digger ) —only Is 2:20 , read ( ַל ֲח ַפ ְרפָּרוֹתMT
ַלחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת, meaning obscure, v. conject. in Thes Ges Comm.
Di ).
Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. ְשׂ֫נָּה ֶ ַתּ ְחפּPr 2:4 ; יַ ְחפְּשׂוּψ 64:7 ; ְשׂה
ָ נַ ְחפּLa 3:40 ; Pt. חֹפֵשׂ
Pr 20:27 ;— search, search out , fig. ; 1. search for , obj. ִינָה בּetc. Pr 2:4 ( || ) בקשׁ.
2. = think out, devise , c. acc. עולותunjust acts ψ 64:7 ( cf. also sub Pu. ) 3. search
= test , La 3:40 ( obj. ) חקר || ; דרכינו, Pr 20:27 . Niph. Pf. ְשׂוּ נֶ ְחפּOb 6 subj. ֵשׂו ָע
coll. ; searched out = exposed and plundered ( || ְפּוּנָיו ) נִבְעוּ ַמצ. Pi. Pf. ַשׂ ִ ֫תּי
ְ וְ ִחפּ1 S
23:23 ; ְשׂוּ וְ ִחפּ1 K 20:6 ; Impf. וַיְ ַחפֵּשׂGn 31:35 + 2 times; ֲא ַחפֵּשׂAm 9:3 Zp 1:12 ;
Imv. ְשׂוּ ַחפּ2 K 10:23 ;— 1. search through , c. acc. , a house 1 K 20:6 , Jerusalem (
metaph. ) Zp 1:12 ; no obj. expr. 2 K 10:23 . 2. search for: a. a person c. acc. 1 S
23:23 . b. a thing, c. acc. Gn 44:12 ( J ; Joseph searching for his cup); Gn 31:35 ( E ;
no obj. expr., Laban looking for his teraphim); Am 9:3 ( י׳searching for evildoers), ψ
77:7 (soul searching to understand ’ י׳s dealings with his servants). Pu. Impf. יְ ֻחפַּשׂ Pr
28:12 be searched for = be hidden; Pt. ְמ ֻחפָּשׂ ψ 64:7 in ם׳ ֵחפֶשׂ = a searched out
ֵ ֫חפ. Hithp. Pf.
search , i.e. a device well thought out ( cf. Che ; || Qal q.v. ); v. also ֶשׂ
ִה ְת ַחפֵּשׂ 2 Ch 35:22 (but ִה ְת ַחזֵּק, cf. also B S 3 Esdr 1:26, so Be Öt ); Impf.
יִ ְת ַחפֵּשׂ
Jb 30:18 ; ֵשׂ וַיִּ ְת ַחפּ1 S 28:8 + 3 times; Inf. abs. ִה ְת ַחפֵּשׂ1 K 22:30 = 2
Ch 18:29 ;— disguise oneself (lit. let oneself be searched for ) 1 S 28:8 1 K 22:30 ( ×2 )
= 2 Ch 18:29 ( ×2 ) , 2 Ch 35:22 (but v. supr. ), all of disguise by change of garments;
1 K 20:38 באפרi.e. with headgear over eyes; subj. לבושׁJb 30:18 , i.e. his garment is
disguised, no longer looks like the mantle it is.
† ֵ ֫חפֶשׂ S 2665
TWOT 716a
GK 2925
n. [ m. ] a (shrewd) device, plot , only in
†[ ָחפַשׁS 2666
TWOT 717
GK 2926
] vb. be free —only Pu. Pf. 3 fs. כִּי לֹא
ֻח ָפּ֑ ָשׁה Lv 19:20 ( H ), because she was not freed (a freed-woman).
† ֫
חֹפֶשׁ S 2667
TWOT 717a
GK 2927
n. [ m. ] very dub. ; only ְל ִר ְכבָּה
ִבּגְדֵי־חֹ֫פֶשׁ
Ez 27:20 wide-spread (?) garments for riding , i.e. saddle-cloths,
according to Thes Sm Co Da al. ; but meaning spread for √ purely conject. ;
( ֵ ֫חפq.v. )
Gr suggests, plausibly, ֶץ
Schw F. Schwally.
† ְֿשׁה
ָ ֻחפS 2668 TWOT 717b GK 2928 n. f. freedom , only נִתַּן־לָהּ ח׳ לא Lv
19:20 ( H ) freedom had not been given to her .
† ְשׁי
ִ ָחפ S 2670
TWOT 717c
GK 2930
adj. free ( NH id. ) — ח׳Ex 21:5 + 10
times + ψ 88:6 ; pl. ְשׁיםִ ָחפIs 58:6 + 4 times— 1. free from slavery: of Hebrew
bondslave (male or female) set free in 7th year Ex 21:2 , 5 (JE), Dt 15:12 , 13 , 18
, cf. Je 34:9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 16 ; of slave (male or female) set free on account of
injury done Ex 21:26 , 27 (JE); ֲדֹנָיו ֶעבֶד ח׳ ֵמאJb 3:19 a slave is free from his
master (i.e. in She’ôl ); but ִים
ַבּ ֵמּת ְשׁי
ִ ָחפ ψ 88:6 among the dead I am free (i.e.
adrift, cut off from Yahweh’s remembrance); more gen., ְשׁים
ִ ָחפ ַשׁלַּח רְצוּצִיםIs
58:6 to let oppressed ones go free . 2. free from taxes, obligations, etc. ִיו
אֵת בֵּית אָב
ִשׂ ָראֵל
ְ ְשׁי ְבּי
ִ ֲשׂה ָחפ
ֶ יַע1 S 17:25 his father’s house will he make free in Israel .
† ְשׁית
ִ ָחפ S 2669
TWOT 717d
GK 2929 , 2931
, חפשׁותn. f. freedom,
separateness , only ְשׁית ִ בֵּית ַה ָחפ2 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21 Qr ( Kt ) החפשׁותi.e.
( si vera l. ) a separate house—a house apart (on account of his disease).
†[ ָחצַבS 2672
TWOT 718
GK 2934
] ָחצֵבS 2672
TWOT 718
GK 2933
vb. hew,
hew out, cleave ( NH id. , Aramaic ַב
; ֲחצSI ; החצבםcf. Ph. = מחצב
4.6
pt. pl.
Heb. id. ) — Qal Pf. ֵב ָחצIs 5:2 ; חָֽ ְצבָהPr 9:1 ; ָח ַצ ְבתִּיHo 6:5 , etc.; Impf.
וַיַּחְצֹב2 Ch 26:10 ; 2 ms. ַתּחְצֹבDt 8:9 ; Inf. cstr. ַלחְצֹבJe 2:13 ; ַלחְצוֹב1 Ch
22:2 ; Pt. act. ֵב חֹצIs 10:15 + 4 times; cstr. חֹ ְצבִיIs 22:16 ; חֹ ְצבִים1 Ch 22:2 +
3 times; ֵי חֹ ְצב2 K 12:13 ; pass. חֲצוּבִיםDt 6:11 Ne 9:25 ;— 1. hew out , ( dig ),
wine-vat ֶב יֶקIs 5:2 ; sepulchre ( ) ֶקבֶרIs 22:16 ( ×2 ) ; cisterns בֹּרוֹתDt 6:11 ( ×2 ) 2
Ch 26:10 Ne 9:25 , cf. Je 2:13 ; of mining ַח׳ נחשׁת מהרריה תּDt 8:9 out of its
mountains thou mayst hew out copper . 2. a. hew stone 1 Ch 22:2 ; metaph. of pillars
Pr 9:1 (subj. wisdom); elsewhere pt. , hewer of stone 2 K 12:13 1 Ch 22:2 , 15 ( v.
SI 4.6 supr. ); prob. 1 K 5:29 2 Ch 2:1 , 17 ( ָר ח׳ ָבּהv. Be ), cf. 24:12 Ezr 3:7 . b.
appar. hew wood Is 10:15 ( ח׳ בוֹi.e. ) ְבַּג ְרזֶן. 3. metaph. hew in pieces Ho 6:5 fig. of
י׳attacking people by agency of prophets ( || ;) ֲה ַרגְתִּיםdivide, cleave subj. ’ י׳s voice ψ
29:7 obj. להבות אשׁ, i.e. the thunder of his voice sends forked lightnings (but on text
cf. Che and crit. n.) Niph. Impf. ְבוּן יֵ ָחצbe cut, hewn, graven (words on rock) Jb
19:24 . Pu. Pf. ֶם ֻח ַצּ ְבתּIs 51:1 fig. , hewn out of rock (of Isr.’s origin; || ) נֻקַּר. Hiph.
ַמ ֲח ֶצ֫בIs 51:9 hew in pieces = Qal 3 , fig. of destroying = רהבEgypt ( cf. ψ
Pt. ֶת
89:11 ).
† ָחצָה S 2673 TWOT 719 GK 2936 vb. divide ( NH id. Arabic is be fortunate,
happy with one’s husband or wife, etc., i.e. have a share in happiness; a small arrow; Di
134
puts here Ethiopic arrow , cf. ִי
) ֵחצQal Pf. ָחצָהNu 31:42 ; וְ ָחצִי ָתconsec. Nu
31:27 ; ָצוּ
וְחconsec. Ex 21:35 ; Impf. יֶ ֱחצֶה וַ ֫יַּחGn 32:8 + 2 times;
Is 30:28 ; ַץ
וַיֶּ ֱחצֵםJu 9:43 ; יֶחֱצוּψ 55:24 ; יֶחֱצוּןEx 21:35 ; יֶחֱצוּהוּJb 40:30 ;— 1. divide , sq.
כסףEx 21:35 ; שׁורv 35 (both JE), ְלוְיָתָןcrocodile Jb 40:30 ; prey, מלקוח, Nu
31:27 ( P ; c. ל ְ before parts); a company of people Gn 32:8 ( sq. ְלas foreg.), 33:1
(both J ) Ju 9:43 ( ל ְ as foreg.) but cf. 7:16 . 2. (appar. denom. from ) ֲחצִיψ 55:24 לא
יח׳ ימיהםshall not halve their days , i.e. enjoy even half of the normal number; Is 30:28
צואר יח׳ עדshall halve unto the neck = shall reach to the neck and so divide the man
in half. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. apoc. ָץ ֵתּחDn 11:4 be divided (of kingdom), sq. ולא ; ְל
יֵ ָח֫צוּ עוד לשׁני גויםEz 37:22 (Judah and Isr.); water of Jordan 2 K 2:8 , 14 .
† [ ָצוֹת
] חn. f. ( Inf. form.) division, middle —only cstr. ַכּחֲעֹת ַה ַלּיְלָה Ex
11:4 ( J )— mid-night; ָה
ַליְל חֲצוֹת Jb 34:20 ψ 119:62 , where adverb. phr. of time
(בּ
ְ om.)
ֲחצִי S 2677
TWOT 719b
GK 2942
123 n. m. Nu 12:12 half ( NH id. ; Ph. ; חצי
on format. v. Lag ) — abs. ֲחצִי1 K 3:25
BN 113
ַה ֵח֑צ1 K 10:7 ,
+ 3 times; ִי
( ×2 )
cf. 16:21 ; ִי וָ ֵח֔צEz 40:42 ; וָ ֵחצִיDn 12:7 + 13 times (usually c. Pashta or
Tiphcha), cf. ִי ַבּ ֵח֔צ2 S 10:4 1 Ch 19:4 ; cstr. ֲחצִיEx 12:29 + 84 times; sf. ֶחצְיוֹ
Ex 38:4 + 7 times + Jos 8:33 ְיוֹ ( וְ ַה ֶחצbut art. suspicious v. Ges § 127 R 3, 4 ); ֶח ְציָהּ
Ne 3:38 ; ציֵנוּ
ְ ֶח2 S 18:3 ֶח ְציָםZc 14:8 ( ×2 ) + 2 times— 1. half of anything:—
blood of offering Ex 24:6 ( ×2 ) (JE), beard 2 S 10:4 , a hin Nu 15:9 , 10 ; 28:14 ( P
); curtain Ex 26:12 ( P ); week ח׳ השׁבועDn 9:27 etc.; ח׳ אַמּהhalf a cubit Ex
26:16 ; 36:21 ( P ) + ; especially שׁנט ח׳half a tribe Nu 32:33 ; 34:13 , 14 , 15 (
P ) + ; half of people 2 S 18:3 ; 19:41 1 K 16:21 ( ×3 )
+ , etc. so מּנֻחוֹת
ְ ַה ח׳Ch 2:52
and ִי
ַה ָמּנַ ְחתּ ח׳ v 54 ( v. Be and ַת
ָמנַחsub ) נוח.—On כבחצי1 S 14:14 v. We
Dr . 2. middle הלילה ח׳ Ex 12:29 ( J ) midnight , so Ju 16:3 ( ×2 )
Ru 3:8 ; of
garments 2 S 10:4 1 Ch 19:4 ; altar Ex 27:5 ; of the Mt. of Olives Zc 14:4 ; ַי
ח׳ יָמ
ψ 102:25 the midst of my days (when they are but half done), Je 17:11 .
† ֵ ֫חצִי S 2678
TWOT 719c
GK 2943
n. m. 2 K 9:24 arrow ( cf. Arabic , Ethiopic
id. , Di 134
, and v. Dr on 1 S 20:36 ) — abs. ַה ֵח֫צִי 1 S 20:36 , 37 ( ×2 )
+ v 38
Kt ( Qr ) ַה ִחצִּים, perhaps also v 21 , 22 (so We , for MT pl. ) ַה ִחצִּים, 2
K 9:24 ; the usual form is ֵץ ; חv. infr.
† ִי
יַ ְח ְצ ֵאלS 3184
GK 3506
adj. gent. of foregoing; only c. art. as n.pr. coll. ,
Nu 26:48 .
חצןTWOT 720
( √ of foll.; meaning
dub. ; denom. seem to be Arabic , Ethiopic ;
carry in the arms or bosom, rear, foster; perhaps also Assyrian êṣênu , bring together ,
also drink or draw in sweet odours Flood Tablet iii, 49 Hpt in KAT 2 Gloss. i ) .
ֵ ֫חצS
† [ ֶן 2683
TWOT 720a
GK 2949
] n. m. bosom of a garment ( Arabic ,
Ethiopic also Syriac bosom ( = ), v. Hoffm ZMG 1879, 753
Lag M ii, 361 ff.; BN 46 f.
; on
this word and foll. v. Ba NB 120; ZMG 1889, 183 ) — קוֹצֵר וְ ִחצְנוֹ ְמ ַעמֵּר ֶשׁלֹא ִמלֵּא
כַפּוֹ ψ 129:7 (grass) with which a reaper filleth not his hand, nor a binder his bosom
.
† ֫
חֹצֶן S 2684
TWOT 720b
GK 2950
n. m. bosom ;— ִי
ָח ְצנִי נָ ַע ְרתּ Ne 5:13 I
וְ ֵהבִיאוּ ָבּנַיְִך בְּחֹ֫צ
shook out my bosom (the bosom of my garment); ֶן Is 49:22 and
they shall bring thy sons in the bosom (i.e. in the arms, clasped to the bosom, like
infants; || ֵף
) ַעל־ ָכּת.
† I. [ ָחצַץS 2686
TWOT 721 , 721c
GK 2951 , 2952
] vb. divide ( NH make a
partition; Assyrian ḫaṣâṣu , cut in two , Zim BP 24 n.
; Ethiopic curtail, diminish ) — Qal
Pt. חֹצֵץ intr. Pr 30:27 of locusts כלו ; ויצא ח׳i.e. dividing (themselves) into
companies or swarms. Pi. Pt. ְמ ַח ְצצִיםv. II. חצץ. Pu. Pf. מספר חדשׁיו ֻח ָצּ֑צוּ Jb
21:21 the number of his months, they have been cut in two ( fig. for curtailed ).
† ָחצָץ S 2687
TWOT 721a
GK 2953
n. [ m. ] gravel ( as divided, comminuted;
Aramaic ָא
ֲחצִיצ, ) —only abs. ח׳ Pr 20:17 La 3:16 [ ך
ָ ֲח ָצצֶיψ 77:18 v. חֵץ
].— ח׳ יִ ָמּלֵּא־פִיהוּ Pr 20:17 fig. of a liar; שׁנָּ֑י
ִ וַיְַּגרֵס בח׳ La 3:16 and he hath
crushed my teeth with gravel-stones , fig. of ’ י׳s dealings with sufferer.
† II. [ ] חצץvb. denom. only Pi. Pt. ְמ ַח ְצצִים Ju 5:11 archers ( > those dividing
spoil, since no obj. expr. and חלקmore suitale for such meaning)
חצצר S 2690
TWOT 726b
GK 2955
, ָה
חֲצֹ ְצרS 2689
TWOT 726a
GK 2956
v. IV.
חצר.
II. [ ֵר
ָחצS 2691 , 2694 , 2699
TWOT 722a , 723a
GK 2958 , 2959
] 46 n. m. Ne 11:25
settled abode, settlement, village ( Lag ) —always pl. , abs. ֲח ֵצרִיםJos 19:8
l.c.
+ 5 times; cstr. ֵי ַח ְצר1 Ch 9:16 Ne 12:28 ; sf. ֲח ֵצרֶי ָהJos 21:12 + 4 times;
ַח ְצרֵיהֶם1 Ch 4:33 + 6 times; ַח ְצרֵיהֶןJos 13:23 + 24 times; Jos;— a. settlements
of Ishmaelites Gn 25:16 ( P ; || ִירוֹת טcircles of tents); of ַעוִּיםDt 2:23 ; of Kedar
Is 42:11 ( || ִים
ֲשׁר אֵין־ ָלהֶם חֹמָה ָסבִיב ָבּתֵּי ;) ָער
ֶ ַה ֲח ֵצרִים אLv 25:31 ( H ),
houses of the villages which have no wall about them; ִים ַמ ֲארַב ֲח ֵצרψ 10:8
lurking-place ( s ) of villages (i.e. where oppressor, as a wild beast, watches his
opportunity to attack the defenceless). Usually b. as dependencies of cities Jos 15:46
, with ה
ָ ( בְּנֹתֶיv. supr. בַּת4 p. 123 ) Jos 15:45 , 47 ( ×2 ) (all JE?); ֲשׁר
ֶ וְכָל־הָח׳ א
ְסבִיבוֹת ֶה ָערִים 19:8 ( P ), also 21:12 ( P ) = 1 Ch 6:41 , Ne 12:29 ; also Jos
13:23 , 28 ; 15:32 + 23 times Jos (all P ), Ne 11:25 , 30 ( || ָנוֹת בּv 25 , 27
etc.), 12:28 . c. villages, not contrasted with cities ( cf. Is 42:11 supr. ) 1 Ch 9:16 ,
22 , 25 (all of Levites). d. ח׳appar. incl. all settlements outside of Jerusalem
ִשׂדֹתָם הַח׳
ְבּ Ne 11:25 .— ח׳in n.pr.loc. v. infr. (and see Bla on Jos 15:20–32
).
† ֲחצַר־אַדָּר S 2692
GK 2960
n.pr.loc. place on southern border of Canaan (Judah)
Nu 34:4 ἔπαυλις Αραδ ; = ( ֶחצְרוֹןq.v. ) ) אַ ָדּ֫ר
Jos 15:3 ( + ָה Σαραδα ,
A L Αδδαρα .
† ֲחצִר סוּסָה, ֲחצִר סוּסִים n.pr.loc. ( cf. Kefr Susê , ‘Rossdorf,’ close to
Damascus on the south, Nö ) —in Simeon ח׳ סוסהJos 19:5
ZMG , 1875, xxix. 476
† ֵחצַר עֵינוֹן, ֲחצִר עֵינָן n.pr.loc. on NE. border of Canaan Ez 47:17 ; ֲחצַר
עֵינָן48:1 ( Co in both ח׳ עֵינָן ;) ָח ֵצ֫רָה עֵינוֹן Nu 34:9 , 10 , where it is said ( v 9
) ָפוֹן; זֶה יִ ְהיֶה ָלכֶם גְּבוּל צ Αρσεναιειμ , L Ασερναιν ;— v. also ָחצֵר
ַהתִּיכוֹןinfr.
† חָצוֹר S 2674
GK 2937 , 2938
, ָצֹר
חn.pr.loc.
( Lag BN 47 f. ) — Ασωρ , etc.;
1. a royal city of norther Canaan Jos 11:1 ְ־ח׳ יָבִין ֶמ ֶלך, cf. 12:19 , and Ju 4:2 ,
17 1 S 12:9 ; Jos 11:10 ( ×2 )
, 11 , 13 ; 19:36 2 K 15:29 ; ָצֹר ח1 K 9:15 . 2.
places in the Negeb: a. Jos 15:23 . b. c. Jos 15:25 ָצוֹר ֲח ַדתָּה וּ ְקרִיּוֹת ֶחצְרוֹן הִיא ח
וחָצוֹר. 3. חָצוֹרNe 11:33 a Benjamite town, prob. = ַבּעַל חָצוֹרq.v. 4. ַמ ְמלְכוֹת
֯ ֲשׁר ִהכָּה נְבוּ ַכ ְדרֶאצּ
ַור ֶ חָצוֹר אJe 49:28 , cf. v 30 , 33 , an Arabian locality, v.
Winer RW Hazor Gf Gie .— ֵין ח׳ עJos 19:37 , v. sub ַעיִן.
† חָצוֹר חֲדתָּה n.pr.loc. ( si vera l. perhaps new Haṣôr , with Aramaic תin adj.
) — Jos 15:25 , v. ; חָצוֹרin Negeb of Judah, site unknown.
† I. ִיר
ָחצS 2681 , 2682
TWOT 723b , 724a , 725a
GK 2945 , 2946 , 2947 , 2948
n. [ m. ] settled
abode or haunt ( || form of ֵר
ָחצsupr. , or textual error for it);— ַתנִּים ָחצִיר ִלבְנוֹת
יֲַענָה נְוֵהIs 34:13 a dwelling of jackals ( and ) a haunt for ostriches; also ָחצִיר
ְל ָקנֶה וָגֹ֑מֶא ִבּנְוֵה ַתנִּים ִר ְבצָהּ35:7 an abode, home, of reeds and rushes (so Che
Di Du al. ; others put this under II. ִיר ;) ָחצChe Du think the v. mutilated, and
would emend this line according to 34:13 .
† ֶחצְרוֹ S 2695
GK 2968
, ַי
ֶח ְצרS 2695
GK 2974
( n.pr. m. cf. Sab. n.pr. m.
חצֿר DHM Epigr. Denkm. 56
) —one of David’s heroes, called the Carmelite , חצרו2 S
23:35 Kt ( ַי
ֶח ְצרQr ; Ασαραι ) = ְרוֹ ֶחצ1 Ch 11:37 Ησεραι , Ασαραι ,
Εσρει .
† ֶחצְרוֹן S 2696
GK 2969 , 2970
, צרֹן
ְ ֶחn.pr.loc. et pers. ( cf. Sab. חצֿרן
n.pr.loc. vel. trib. Hal No. 651
DHM ZMG 1883, 15
) — 1. n.pr.loc. Ασωρων,
ֶחצJos 15:3 place in extreme south of Judah, + = אַ ָדּ֫רָה
Ασερων, Εσρωμ : a. ְרוֹן
( ֲח ַצר־אַדָּרq.v. ) Nu 34:4 . b. ִיּוֹת
ְקר ֶחצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר Jos 15:25 another town of
Judah in south. 2. n.pr. m. Ασρωμ(ν), Εσρων , etc.: a. ְרֹן
ֶחצson of Reuben
Gn 46:9 Ex 6:14 Nu 26:6 = ֶחצְרוֹן 1 Ch 5:3 . b. son of Pereṣ and grandson of
Judah Gn 46:12 Nu 26:21 = ֶחצְרוֹן Ru 4:18 , 19 1 Ch 2:5 , 9 , 18 , 21 , 24 ( ×2
)
, 25 ; 4:1 .
† ֶחצְרוֹנִי S 2697
GK 2971
, ִי
ֶחצְרֹנadj. gent. only c. art. as n. coll. 1.
הַחצרוני Nu 26:6 , of 2 a supr. 2. החצרניv 21 , of 2 b supr.
† ֲחצֵרוֹת S 2698
GK 2972
, ֵרֹת
ֲחצn.pr.loc. Ασηρωθ , a station of Isr. in
wilderness: ֵרוֹת
ֲחצNu 11:35 ( ×2 )
; 12:16 = ֲחצֵרֹת 33:17 , 18 Dt 1:1 .
IV. חצר TWOT 722 , 723 , 724 , 725 , 726 ( assumed as √ for redupl. חצרצרwhence foll.;
meaning unknown; perhaps onomatop., v. Thes Ol § § 82 c. 188 a Sta § 124 b ; see also
Lag Or ii. 18 ) .
† [ חצצרS 2690
TWOT 726b
GK 2955
] vb. Kt , [ ] חצרQr , denominat. from
חצצרה ְמ ַחצְּצ֯רִים2 Ch 5:13 ( Qr = ) ְמ ַח ְצּרִים
= sound a clarion — Pi. Pt.
( ַמ ְחצְצ֯רQr ַמ ְח ְצרִיםas Hiph. v. Kö ii , 252 ) 1
players on clarions . Hiph. Pt. ִים
Ch 15:24 + 3 times + 2 Ch 5:12 Baer, ( van d. H. ;) מחצרריםsound with clarions
בחצצרות מח׳1 Ch 15:24 2 Ch 5:12 ; 13:14 ; abs. sounded ( sounding ) 2 Ch 7:6
; 29:28 , cf. חצצרהad fin. ( Kt in all to be pronounced (prob.) ִים ) ְמ ַח ְצ ְצר.
† ָחקָהS 2707
TWOT 727
GK 2977
vb. only Pu. cut in, carve ( NH represent,
imitate; || — ) חקקPu. Pt. ְמ ֻחקֶּה 1 K 6:35 Ez 8:10 + 23:14 ( Co ְמ ֻחקִּים, after
S B ), carved figure on wall Ez 8:10 ; 23:14 (where read אנשׁים מחקים, v.
supr. ) = subst. carved work 1 K 6:35 (on doors of temple). Hithp. Impf. 2 ms.
ְשׁי ַרְגלַי ִתּ ְת ַחקֶּה
ֵ על־שׁר
ָ Jb 13:27 thou gravest thee a graving ( = markest a line) for
(i.e. about) the soles of my feet , fixest limits for them ( v. Di ).
ֻחקָּה S 2708
TWOT 728b
GK 2978
v. sub חקק.
† חֲקוּפָא S 2709
GK 2979
n.pr. m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:51
= Ne 7:53 , Αφεικα, Αχειφα, Ακουφα , etc.
†[ ָחקַקS 2710
TWOT 728
GK 2980
vb. cut in, inscribe, decree ( NH id. ,
Aramaic ַק ֲחק, Zinj. ; חקקPh. id. Pt. Hiph.; Arabic be just, right, obligatory , also
make or decide to be just , etc.; justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic adj.
moderate, sufficient; cf. also — ) חקהQal ת ֫ ָ וְחַקּוֹEz 4:1 ; sf. חַקֹּתִי ְךIs 49:16 ; Inf.
sf. ְבּחֻקּוֹ Pr 8:27 ; ְחוּקוֹ
בּPr 8:29 (assim. to ;) בְּשׂוּמוֹImv. ֻחקָּתּ Is 30:8 ; Pt. חֹ ְקקִי
Is 22:16 (archaic ending Ges § 90. 3a
) pl. חֹ ְקקִים Is 10:1 ; cstr. חוֹ ְקקִי Ju 5:9 (poss.
Po el = מחוקקיwith ְםomitted, v. Ges § 52 (2), note 6 ); Pt. pass. pl. ֲח ֻקקִֿיםEz
23:14 ( Co —;) חקוקים1. cut in , with בּ ְ , Is 22:16 , of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a
rock. 2. cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe , c. עלon roll of a book Is 30:8 ;
representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Ez 4:1 ; images on a wall Ez 23:14 ;
fig. of Zion’s walls on palms of י׳Is 49:16 . 3. trace, mark out , a circle, c. עלover the
face of deep Pr 8:27 ; c. acc. , foundations of earth v 29 . 4. of a law, engrave,
inscribe (on a tablet), fig. for enact, decree חקקים חקקי אוןIs 10:1 ( || ;) כתב עמל
חוֹ ְקקֵי ישׂראלpoet. = commanders ( v. Po el ) Ju 5:9 ( || ) מחקקיםv 14 ). Po el
Impf. ְקוּ יְחוֹקPr 8:15 ; Pt. מְחֹקֵקGn 49:10 Nu 21:18 Dt 33:21 ; sf. מְחֹ ְקקִיψ
60:9 ; 108:9 ; ֵנוּ
מְחֹ ְקקIs 33:22 ; pl. מְחֹ ְקקִיםJu 5:14 ;— inscribe (as a law), enact
(poet.): c. acc. ֶק ֶצדPr 8:15 elsewhere pt. a. prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign
authority in a warlike clan) commander Dt 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Ju 5:14 Is
33:22 (of ֵנוּ || ; י׳
שֹׁ ְפט, ) ַמ ְלכֵּנוּ. b. commander’s staff Gn 49:10 ( || ) ֵשׁבֶט, Nu 21:18
(both poet.), ψ 60:9 = 108:9 . Pu. Pt. ְמ ֻחקָּקthat which is decreed Pr 31:5 (late).
Hoph. Impf. יֻ ָח֑קֿוּ Jb 19:23 inscribed in ( בּ
ְ ) a book.
† ֻחקָּה S 2708
TWOT 728b
GK 2978
104 n. f. Ex 13:10 something prescribed,
enactment, statute ;— ח׳Nu 9:14 + 2 times; cstr. ֻחקַּת Ex 12:14 + 28 times; pl.
חֻקּוֹת Je 5:24 + 12 times; ֻקֹּת
חLv 20:23 Je 31:35 ; sf. חֻקּוֹתַי Gn 26:5 + 14
times; ַי
חֻקֹּתLv 18:4 + 21 times etc.;— 1. sg. statute , of special ritual laws: of
passover Ex 13:10 ( J ); elsewhere only in P (and H ), הפסח חקת Ex 12:43 Nu
9:12 , 14 ; ח׳ התורהNu 19:2 ; 31:21 ; ח׳ משׁפטNu 27:11 ; 35:29 ; ח׳ עולםEx
12:14 , 17 ; 27:21 ; 28:43 ; 29 ; 9 Lv 3:17 ; 10:9 ; 16:29 , 31 , 34 ; 23:21 , 31 ;
24:3 Nu 10:8 ; 15:15 ; 18:23 ; 19:10 , 21 (all P ), Lv 17:7 ; 23:14 , 41 ( H );
ֻחקָּה אַחַת ַלגֵּר ולאזרחNu 9:14 ; 15:15 . 2. pl. statutes: a. of nature ח׳ שׁמיםJb
38:33 Je 33:25 ; of moon and stars Je 31:35 ; of weeks of harvest Je 5:24 . b. fig.
of a firmly established custom ח׳ עמריMi 6:16 ; ) ח׳ הגוי(מLv 20:23 ( H ) 2 K
17:8 ; העמים ח׳ Je 10:3 ; idolatry ישׂראל ח׳ 2 K 17:19 ; sexual offences Lv 18:30
( H ). c. דוד ח׳statutes of David 1 K 3:3 . d. || משׁפטים2 S 22:23 = ψ 18:23 (of
the law known to David); || מצותψ 89:32 ; ברית וח׳1 K 11:11 ; elsewhere of the
prescriptions of the codes of D , H , P , Ez: usually חקות ומשׁקטיםLv 18:5 , 26 ;
19:37 ; 20:22 ( H ), 25:18 Nu 9:3 ( P ), 1 K 11:33 Ez 5:7 ; 11:20 ; 18:9 ; 20:11
, 13 , 19 , 21 ; preceded by מצותDt 30:16 ; followed by מצותLv 26:15 ( H ), Dt
11:1 1 K 6:12 ; ומצוה תורה 2 K 17:34 ; or else וחקות
משׁפטיםLv 18:4 ; 26:43
( H ), Ez 5:6 ; 18:17 ; 20:16 , 24 ; 37:24 ; preceded by מצותDt 8:11 ; in diff.
( ×2 )
order, ח׳ מצות ום׳ ועדות1 K 2:3 ; frequently also ח׳ ומצותLv 26:3 ( H ), Dt 6:2
1 K 11:38 2 Ch 7:19 ; or מצות (ו)ח׳Dt 10:13 ; 28:15 , 45 ; 30:10 1 K 9:6 ;
11:34 Ez 43:11 ( Co ), 2 K 17:13 ; foll. by תורותGn 26:5 ( R ); ועדות וח׳ מצות
2 K 23:3 ; תורה וח׳Je 44:10 ; ועדות ותורה וח׳44:23 ; ח׳ ותורותEz 44:5 ;
43:11 ( Co ); תורות יח׳44:24 ; special ordinances are ח׳ המזבחEz 43:18 ; ח׳ בות
י׳Ez 44:5 ; ח׳ חייםEz 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); ח׳ עולם
( תמיד S B Talm Co del. ) עולםEz 46:14 . e. phrases of obedience are
הלך ב׳Lv 18:3 ; 20:23 26:3 ( H ), 1 K 3:3 ; 6:12 2 K 17:8 , 19 Je 44:10 , 23
Ez 5:6 , 7 ; 11:20 ; 18:9 , 17 ; 20:13 , 16 , 19 , 21 ; 33:15 ; שׁמרLv 18:4 , 5 ,
26 ; 19:19 , 37 ; 20:8 , 22 ( H ), Gn 26:5 ( R ), Dt 6:2 ; 8:11 ; 10:13 ; 11:1 ;
28:45 ; 30:10 , 16 1 K 2:3 ; 9:6 ; 11:11 , 34 , 38 2 K 17:13 ; 23:3 Ez 18:19 ,
21 ; 37:24 ; 43:11 ; 44:24 ; עשׂהLv 25:18 ( P ), Dt 28:15 1 K 11:33 ; עשׂה כח׳
2 K 17:34 ; ֲשׁ֑ע
ָ ֶשׁ ַתּע
ְא בח׳ ψ 119:16 ; phrases of disobedience are ח׳ מאס Ez 20:24
מאס בח׳Lv 26:15 ( H ); געלLv 26:43 ( H ); עזב2 Ch 7:19 ; חללψ 89:32 .—[
חֹקand ֻחקָּהdiffer somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various
writings: e.g. חֹקoftener in Jb ψ Pr ( ָה
ֻחקּnot at all Pr, once Jb), and in Chr ( ֻחקָּה
only 2 Ch 7:19 ); ָה ֻחקּoften in K , rarely in Hex . except in P ( H ); in proph., חֹק
occurs Am 2:4 Is 5:14 ; 24:5 Mi 7:11 Je 3 times, Ez 6 times, ָה ֻחקּonly Ez, Je
(6 times) and Mi 6:16 ; ִים ֻחקּespecially in Dt and ψ 119 , חֻקּוֹתespecially in H ,
Ez and sometimes (8 times) Dt; ָם חֹק עוֹלusually = due , ֻחקַּת ע׳much more often
statute, ordinance , etc.]
† ֵ ֫חקֶר S 2714
TWOT 729a
GK 2984
n. m. Ju 5:16 searching, thing (to be)
searched out ;— abs. ֵ ֫הקֶרJb 5:9 + 8 times; cstr. id. Pr 25:27 + 2 times; pl.
cstr. ֵי
ִח ְקרJu 5:16 ;— ִח ְקרֵי לֵבJu 5:16 searchings, questionings of heart; Jb 11:7
canst thou reach הַּ ח׳ אֱלוֹi.e. what is to be explored in him, the whole range of his
nature, so תהום ח׳38:16 the range of the deep; especially ֵין ח׳ אi.e. it is
unsearchable Jb 5:9 ; 9:10 ψ 145:3 Pr 25:3 Is 40:28 , cf. לא ח׳Jb 34:24 ;
36:26 ; ח׳ אבותם8:8 i.e. thing searched out by their fathers.
† [ ָר
ֶמ ְחקS 4278
TWOT 729b
GK 4736
] n. m. range (as place to be explored),
ֶמ ְח ְקרֵי־אָ֑רֶץ ψ 95:4 ( cf. ֵחקֶר Jb 38:16 ).
חראTWOT 730
, or √ ( חרהof following; meaning unknown ) .
† [ ֶא
ֶחרS 2755
TWOT 730a
GK 3039
, or ִי
] ֲחרn. [ m. ] dung ( NH )_ י ( חרא,
id. Aramaic id. ; Mand. ( חראon this and cogn. lang. in gen. v. Nö M 56
); Arabic
id. , whence vb. of act, and n. of place; Amh. ( Di Lex. Aeth. 88
) ) — pl. sf. ַח ְראֵיהֶם
Is 36:12 Kt ( Qr || ;) צוֹאָתָם 2 K 18:27 has ֶם
( ֲחרִיהv. sg. חרי 6:25 ; Qr as
above); יוֹנִים ֲחרֵיdove’s dung 2 K 6:25 Kt ( Qr ;) ִדּבֵיוֹנִים v. , further, Gei
Urschrift, 409
.
† [ ָאָה
ַמ ֲחרS 4280
TWOT 730b
GK 4738
] n. f. only pl. cloaca, cesspool ;—
מחראות 2 K 10:27 Kt ( Qr ) מוֹצָאוֹת.
† I. [ ֵב
ָחרS 2717 , 2720
TWOT 731 , 731a
GK 2990 , 2991 , 2992 , 2993 , 2994
] adj. dry , only
fs. ָה
ֲח ֵרבLv 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P ); פַּת־ ֲח ֵרבָה Pr
17:1 a dry morsel .
† I. ֶב ֫ S
חֹר 2721 , 2722
TWOT 731b , 731c
GK 2996 , 2997 , 2998
n. m. Gn 31:40
dryness, drought, heat , abs. ח׳ Gn 31:40 + 11 times + Dt 28:22 (for MT ; ֶחרֶב
v. Di , sq. B ; and L om.);— 1. dryness Ju 6:37 , 39 , 40 (all of
absence of dew); Je 50:38 ( || ֵשׁ ;) יָבso read also Zc 11:17 (for MT ֶחרֶב, see v b
and Sta ZAW i. 1881, 29 ), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering ) and upon his
right eye . 2. drought Hg 1:11 + Dt 28:22 v. supr. 3. parching heat (of sun) Gn
31:40 ( opp. ַח ) ֶ ֫קר, Je 36:30 ( opp. id. ); Is 4:6 ; 25:4 , 5 ( ×2 ) of fever Jb 30:30 .
† [ ָבוֹן
ֵחרS 2725
TWOT 731f
GK 3001
] n. m. drought , only pl. cstr. ְבּ ַחרְבֹנֵי
ַ ֫קיִץ ψ 32:4 metaph. of fever heat.
† II. ֫
חֹרֶב S 2721 , 2722
TWOT 731b , 731c
GK 2996 , 2997 , 2998
n. [ m. ] desolation ;—
† חֹרֵב S 2722
TWOT 731c
GK 2998
, ֵב
חוֹרn.pr. mont. Horeb ( waste, desert )
— Χωρηβ ( v. Lag BN 85
חֹ ֵר֑ ָבה אֶל־הַרEx 3:1 ( E ), cf. עַד הַר
); ִים
ָהאֱלֹה
ָהאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב1 K 19:8 ; חַצּוּר בִּחֹרֵבEx 17:6 , הַר חוֹרֵב33:6 (both E );
מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵבDt 1:2 , 6 , 19 ; 4:10 , 15 ; 5:2 ; 9:8 ; 18:16 ; 28:69 ; 1 K 8:9 2
Ch 5:10 ψ 106:19 Mal 3:22 ; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph.
diff. from ִינַי
סdiscoverable, but synonym of it in E and (especially) D (except
poem Dt 33:2 ; vid. סִינַי P ).
ֶ ֫חרֶב S 2719
TWOT 732a
GK 2995
411 n. f. Is 21:15 sword ( as weapon; Aramaic
† ַחרְבוֹנָא S 2726
GK 3002
n.pr. m. eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10 = ַחרְבוֹנָה
7:9 ( Pers. = donkey driver , Vullers i, 668 b
).
†[ ָחרַגS 2727
TWOT 733
GK 3004
vb. quake ( cf. ( si vera l. ) Arabic be
straitened, unable to move for fear and rage ( Lane ), also put oneself in a rage ( Dozy );
ַח ְרגַת מוֹתָאDt 32:25 terror of death ) —only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְיַ ְחרְגוּ
ִמ ִמּ ְסגְּרוֹתֵיהֶםψ 18:46 pregn. and come quaking out of their fortresses ( cf. יִ ְרגְּזוּin
like connex. Mi 7:17 ); read the same also in || 2 S 22:46 (for MT חגְרוּ ְ ַ וְי, v. ; חגר
possible would be also ויחרדוin both, as Ho 11:10 , 11 etc.)
חרגלTWOT 734
( quadril. √ of foll.; cf. Arabic run right and left, run swiftly ( Frey
)).
ַחרְגֹּל S 2728
TWOT 734a
GK 3005
n. [ m. ] a kind of locust ( NH id. ; Aramaic
( ַחרְגּוֹלָאDozy ), all = locust; swarm of locusts ( Frey ) ) —only Lv 11:22 ( P ) in
list of edible insects, || ֶה
אַ ְרבּ, ָס ְלעָם, ָחגָב.
† ָחרַדS 2729
TWOT 735
GK 3006
vb. tremble, be terrified ( Assyrian ḫarâdu , id.
, according to Dl HA 20, Pr 46
; Arabic be bashful, shamefaced; NH ֲח ָרדָהa trembling )
— Qal Pf. ַד וְ ָחרconsec. Is 19:16 , חָֽ ְרדָהIs 10:29 , ָח ַר ְד ְתּ2 K 4:13 , ָחרְדוּ1 S 13:7
; 14:15 , ְדוּ וְחָֽרconsec. Ez 26:16 ; 32:10 ; Impf. יֶ ֱחרַדJb 37:1 , וַיֶּ ֱחרַדGn 27:33 +
5 times; ְדוּ יֶ ְחרHo 11:10 Ez 26:18 , יֶחֶֽרְדוּHo 11:11 , יֶ ֱח ָ ֑רדוּAm 3:6 Is 41:6 ,
וַיֶּחֶֽרְדוּGn 42:28 + 2 times; Imv. ִחרְדוּIs 32:11 ;— 1. tremble, quake , of a mountain
Ex 19:18 —so ℌ , but read ָם ָהע, v. Di ( E ); of isles Ez 26:18 ( metaph. , in
fear); so Is 41:5 ( ְצוֹת הארץ ק, || ) ִאיִּים יראו. 2. tremble , of persons under supernat.
infl. 1 S 14:15 ( || רדָה ָ ֲח, ;) וַ ִתּ ְרגַּז הָאָרָץstart, start up (out of sleep) Ru 3:8 ; in
mental disturbance Gn 27:33 (J; c. acc. cogn. ) tremble , in terror Ex 19:16 ( E ), Is
32:11 ( || ) רגז, be startled (at sound of trumpet) Am 3:6 cf. 1 K 1:49 ( + קום, הלך,
;) יראtremble Ez 26:16 ; 32:10 sq. ְל = at , Jb 37:1 ( ִי
) ִלבּ, be terrified , of Egypt
(personif.) Is 19:16 ( || ַד
) ָפּח, Ramah 10:29 , of Saul 1 S 28:5 subj. לִבּוֹ, || ) ירא. 3. be
anxiously careful ֵנוּ
ֵאל את־כל ַה ֲח ָרדָה הַזּאֹת ָח ַר ְד ְתּ2 K 4:13 . 4. with preps. pregn. =
go or come trembling 1 S 13:7 ( sq. ֵאחריו מ L We Dr ) Gn 42:28 ( E ; sq.
) אֶל־1 S 16:4 ( sq. ) ִל ְקרָאתוֹso 21:2 , Ho 11:10 ( ) ִמיָּםv 11 ( ) ִמ ִמּ ְצ ַריִם. Hiph.
Pf. ִיד ֶה ֱחרJu 8:12 , וְ ַה ֲח ַר ְד ִ ֫תּי2 S 17:2 ; Pt. ַמ ֲחרִידּLv 26:6 + 11 times; Inf. cstr.
ַה ֲחרִידEz 30:9 Zc 2:4 ;— drive in terror, rout an army, sq. acc. Ju 8:12 Ez 30:9
Zc 2:4 cf. 2 S 17:2 ; ( We proposes החרידוHo 5:8 ‘ setzt Benj. in Schrecken ,’ for
MT ך ָ ;) אַ ֲחרֶיin Pt. abs. , only in ; וְאֵין ם׳and none shall terrify , i.e. disturb the peace
of those reposing— שׁכב, שׁקט, רבץ, ישׁב, ַח — ישׁב ָל ֶבטin the promised land Lv
26:6 , so after captivity Je 30:10 = 46:27 , also Ez 34:28 ; 39:26 Mi 4:4 Zp 3:13 ;
of undisturbed peace of the righteous Jb 11:19 ; peace of flocks in forsaken cities Is 17:2
; undisturbed feeding on carrion by fowl and beast Dt 28:26 Je 7:83 , undisturbed
prowling of lions Na 2:12 metaph. of Assyrians).
† ָחרֵד S 2730
TWOT 735a
GK 3007
adj. verb. of foregoing, trembling ;— ֵד
ָחרJu
7:3 + 3 times; רדִים
ֵ ֲחIs 66:5 Ezr 10:3 — trembling (from fear), abs. Ju 7:3 ( ||
) ירא, 2 S 4:13 (subj. ִבּוֹ
ל, sq. עַל, for , in behalf of); in awe and reverence, at
word of God, sq. ֵבּ Ezr 9:4 Is 66:2 ( sq. ַל ) ע, v 5 ( sq. ;) אֶלcf. ח׳ ְבּ ִמ ְצוַת
אל׳ Ezr 10:3 .
† ֲרֹד חS 2733 , 5878 GK 3008 n.pr.loc. only ח׳ ( עֵיןv. sub עיִן
ַ ), a camping-place
of Gideon and Israel. Ju 7:1 .
† חֲרֹדִי S 2733
GK 3012
adj. loc. only c. art. ַח׳
ה, of Harod 2 S 23:25a ( v.
Dr and Ju 7:1 ); = ַההֲרוֹרִי 1 Ch 11:27 (read ֲרוֹדִר
;) ַההalso 1 S 23:25b but prob.
not genuine; not in or 1 Ch 11 , 27 ( v. Dr and ָא
ֱאלִיקsupr. p. 45 b ).
† I. ָה
ֲח ָרדS 2731 , 2732
TWOT 735b
GK 3010 , 3011
n. f. trembling, fear, anxiety —
ֲח ָרדָהGn 27:33 + 5 times + Ez 38:21 (read for ָהרַי, B Co cf. Dr 1 S 14:15 );
cstr. רדַּתְ ֶח1 S 14:15 Pr 29:25 ( v. Lag BN 113 ); pl. ֲחרָדוֹתEz 26:16 ;— 1.
trembling, quaking (of terror ascribed to supernat. cause) 1 S 14:15 ( ×2 ) (hence ח׳
אלהיםv. Dr ; || ) וַ ִתּ ְרגַּז־הארץcf. Ez 38:21 ( v. supr. ); Dn 10:7 ; קול ח׳Je
30:5 voice of trembling; sq. gen. obj. ח׳ אָדָםPr 29:25 trembling before man;
opp. pleasure Is 21:4 ; tremblings ( pl. ) Ez 26:16 under fig. of garment ( ח׳
) ילבשׁו, of effect on coast-princes of fall of Tyre. 2. anxious care 2 K 4:13 , acc.
cogn. c. ַד ָחר.
† II. ָה
ֲח ָרדS 2731 , 2732 TWOT 735b GK 3010 , 3011
n.pr.loc. a station of Isr. in
wilderness Nu 33:24 , 25 , site unknown.
† חָרוֹן S 2740
TWOT 736a
GK 3019
n. m. (burning of) anger ( cf. Lag
BN 204
Anm.
) — ח׳Ez 7:12 + 2 times; cstr. חֲרוֹןNu 25:4 + 33 times; sf. חֲרוֹנִיEz 7:14
חψ 2:5 ; חֲרֹנְ ָךEx 15:7 ; pl. sf. ֲחרוֹנֶי֑ ָךψ 88:17 ;—always of
( Co ) חרון, ֲרוֹנוֹ
God’s anger ( v. note, infr. ), ֲרוֹן אף
חEx 32:12 Nu 25:4 ; 32:14 Jos 7:26 ( J ),
Dt 13:18 1 S 28:18 2 K 23:26 2 Ch 28:11 , 13 ; 29:10 ; 30:8 Ezr 10:14 Ho
11:9 Na 1:6 Zp 2:2 ; 3:8 Is 13:9 , 13 Je 4:8 , 26 ; 12:13 ; 25:37 , 38 ; 30:24 ;
49:37 ; 51:45 Jon 3:9 ψ 69:25 ; 78:49 ; 85:4 Jb 20:23 La 1:12 ; 4:11 ; אףom.,
Ex 15:7 (song), Ne 13:18 ψ 2:5 Ez 7:12 ( del. Co ), v 14 ; pl. bursts of
burning anger ψ 88:17 .— Note: ָרוֹן כְּמוֹ־חψ 58:10 burning anger B Jer AV
Bae Che ; but Thes MV SS DeW Ew Ol Pe , something burning, e.g.
thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Je 25:38 מפני
† ִי ֳחרS 2750 TWOT 736b GK 3034 n. m. burning , always ֳחרִי ( ָה)אַףof Moses
Ex 11:8 ( J ); Jonathan 1 S 20:34 ; army of Ephraim 2 Ch 25:10 ; Rezin Is 7:4 ; of
God Dt 29:23 La 2:3 .
חרזTWOT 737
( √ of foll.;
ֲחרַזstring together , especially jewels or pearls;
NH
Aramaic ַז
ֲחרid. ; id. ; Arabic sew or stitch , beads strung together, neck-ornament ) .
† [ ָרוּז
חS 2737
TWOT 737a
GK 3016
] n. [ m. ] string of beads , only pl. ַצוָּא ֵר ְך
ַבּחֲרוּזִים Ct 1:10 thy neck (is comely) with strings of beads .
ַחרְחוּר S 2744
GK 3028
, ֻר
ַח ְרחS 2746
TWOT 756b
GK 3031
v. sub I. חרר.
† ֶ ֫חרֶט S 2747
TWOT 738a
GK 3032
n. [ m. ] graving-tool, stylus — 1. graving-
† [ ְטֹם ַחרS 2748 , 2749 TWOT 2742 , 738b GK 3033 ] n. m. Ex 7:22 engraver,
writer , only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner,
astrologer, magician ( prob. = ם+ ֶט ֶחר, v. Di Ol § 216, 5 Sta § § 295, 327 a ) —
only pl. abs. ַח ְר ֻטמִּים Gn 41:24 + 4 times; ִם
ַח ְר ֻטמּEx 8:15 ; 9:11 ; cstr.
ַח ְר ֻטמֵּי Gn 41:8 + 2 times;— 1. magicians of Egypt Gn 41:8 ( E ; || ִים
) ֲח ָכמ, v
24 ( E ), Ex 8:3 , 14 , 15 ; 7:11 ( || ִים
ֲח ָכמ, ַשּׁפִים
ְ ) ְמכ, v 22 9:11 ( ×2 )
(all P ).
2. magicians of Babylon Dn 1:20 ; 2:2 ( || ִים אַשּׁפ
ָ , ַשּׁפִיםְ ְמכ, ַשׂדִּים
ְ ) כּ. the fact
that the word is always applied to Egypt. magicians, except Dn 2:2 (late), suggests
Egypt. origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: Harkavy JAs , 1870, Mars–Avril, 169
proposes χ ar , speak + tum , hidden = teller of hidden things; Wied Samml 44 : thinks
Heb. word perhaps imitating an Egypt. cher-ṭem-t , he who holds the book; FCCook
‘Speaker’s’ Comm. i. 279
proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words .
† [ ִיט
ָחרS 2754
TWOT 739a
GK 3038
] n. m. 2 K 5:23 bag, purse ( cf. Arabic
bag or purse made of skin or other material ) —only pl. abs. ְשׁנֵי ֲח ִרטִים 2 K 5:23
, containing each a talent of silver; ִים
הַֽ ֲחרִיטIs 3:22 in list of ladies’ finery.
ֳחרִי S 2750
TWOT 736b
GK 3034
v. ָחרָה.
† I. [ ָח ַר ְךS 2760
TWOT 741
GK 3047
] vb. set in motion, start ( cf. Arabic move,
be agitated , II. set in motion ) —only Qal Impf. 3 ms. לֹא־יַחֲרֹ ְך ְר ִמיָּה צֵידוֹ Pr
חרלTWOT 743
( √ of foll.; meaning unknown ) .
† חָרוּל S 2738
TWOT 743a
GK 3017
n. [ m. ] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (
cicercula ), v. Löw ( Syriac fodder for horses;
p. 153
Pr 24:31 gives ָא ) חוּ ְרל
— abs. ח׳Jb 30:7 Zp 2:9 ; pl. ִים ֲח ֻרלּPr 24:31 ;—as growing in devastated land,
coll. Zp 2:9 ; in vineyard of slothful, pl. ִסּוּ פניו ח׳ כּPr 24:31 ( || ;) ִקמְּשׂנִיםas
sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Jb 30:7 ( ִים) ִשׂיח.
† I. [ ָחרַםS 2763
TWOT 744 , 745
GK 3049 , 3050
] vb. Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate
( MI החרמתהof devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כיexplaining
17
massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳there was dragged before Chemosh; be
prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; II. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable;
Ethiopic prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. = חרם
consacré Vog No. 35
; Nab. id. , Eut p. 28
מחרםsanctuary, temple , Os ZMG
; Sab.
1865, 176, 252
, חרמתןDHM ZMG 1875, 594 ; Aramaic ִים אַ ֲחר, and especially anathematize,
excommunicate; v. also We Skizzen iii, 165
, Dr Sm 100 ff.
, RS Sem . i. 140(150) ) — Hiph. Pf.
ֶה ֱהרִיםJos 8:26 + 5 times; ֶה ֱחרִםJos 10:28 ; 2 ms. וְ ַה ֲח ַר ְמ ָ ֫תּה1 S 15:18 ; 1 s.
ֶה ֱח ַרמְתּי1 S 15:20 ; וְ ַה ֲח ַר ְמ ִ ֫תּיNu 21:2 ; 2 fs. ) וְ ַה ֲח ַר ְמ ְתּ(יconsec. Mi 4:13 (so
B S RV most; MT 1 s.), v. Ges § 44, R. 4 ; pl. ִימוּ ֶה ֱחר1 S 15:9 2 Ch 32:14
etc.; ( 1 S 15:3 read והחרמתו We Dr ); Impf. ִם יַ ֲחרLv 27:28 ; וַיַּ ֲחרֵםNu 21:3
Jos 10:37 ; sf. ָהּ וַיַּ ֲחרִימJos 10:1 ; 1 pl. וַנַּ ֲחרֵםDt 2:34 ; 3:6 etc.; Imv. ַה ֲחרֵםDt
13:16 ; pl. ִימוּ ַה ֲחרJe 51:3 ; sf. ַה ֲחרִימוּ ָהJe 50:26 ; Inf. abs. ַה ֲחרֵםDt 3:6 + 4
times; cstr. ִים ַה ֲחר2 Ch 20:23 Dn 11:44 ; sf. ַה ֲחרִימָםJos 11:20 + 4 times;— ban,
devote (especially religiously, sq. objects hostile to the theocracy [ v. especially Ex
22:19 Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab.
were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the
occasion [contrast Jos 6:17 , 21 1 S 15:3 with Dt 2:34f. ; 3:6 , 7 ], cf. MI 17
לעשתר כמש החרמתהto Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it , i.e. the city Nebo);— 1. most
often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr.,
exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions: a. Isr. and
her leaders subj. Nu 21:2 , 3 (destruction according to vow), Jos 6:21 ( cf. ֶם ֵחר
ליהוה v 17 ; all J ); in v 18 read ְדוּ
( ַתּ ְחמfor MT ַתּ ֲחרִימוּ, v. Di VB ); 8:26
( ×2 ) ( ×2 )
, not L , om. v. ), 10:1 (JE), Dt 2:34 ; 3:6 ; 7:2 (commanded
through Moses, cf. for underlying thought v 4 , 5 , 6 ), 20:17 (commanded by י׳
( ×2 )
ֵ ֫חרS
† I. ֶם 2764
TWOT 744a
GK 3051 , 3052
n. m. Lv 27:28 1. devoted thing . 2.
Ew H. Ewals, Antiquities
ַמעַל בַּח׳committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the
sin Jos 7:1 22:20 (both P ), cf. ַח׳ ָמעַל בּ1 Ch 2:7 ; Saul and Isr. spared Agag
king of Amalek and ַח׳ ֵאשׁית הִ רi.e. of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have
been utterly destroyed 1 S 15:21 ( cf. v 3 , 8 ; Saul rejected by י׳for this v 11 ,
26 ); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly
destroyed Dt 13:17 ( cf. v 13 , 15 , 16 ). b. of individuals, one having relic of
Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳Dt 7:26 ( ×2 ) ; every
human being who became ח׳should be killed Lv 27:29 ( ×2 ) ( P ; v. Di ). 2. appar.
(so Di ) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Lv 27:28
( v. Di ; and cf. Ezr 10:8 ); a field consecrated to י׳becomes under certain
conditions ַח׳
ה ִשׂדֵה
ְכּ Lv 27:21 ; every ח׳is ליהוה ָשׁים
ִ קֹדֶשׁ קָֽד v 28 , and no
ח׳that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v
28 ; every such ( ח׳as in case of metals and metal objects Jos 6:17 , 19 ) went to
Aaron and his sons Nu 18:14 ( P ), to Zadokite priests Ez 44:29 . 3. devotion, ban ,
involving destruction ; ִי
אִישׁ ֶח ְרמ1 K 20:42 man under my ( ’ י׳s) ban (of
Benhadad); ִי
ֶח ְרמ עַםIs 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳Is 43:28 fig. of ’ י׳s giving over
Jud. to Chald.; ח׳not to be in future Zc 14:11 ; ֶץ ח׳
פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְ ִהכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָר
Mal 3:24 smite the land with a ban , i.e. utterly destroy it.
† ֳחרֵם S 2765
GK 3054
n.pr.loc. ( sacred; cf. Sab. . n.pr.loc. אחרם DHM Epigr.
Denkm. 43
) —a place in tribe of Naphtali Jos 19:38 ( P ); not identified.
† ָחרִם S 2766
GK 3053
n.pr. m. ( consecrated; cf. Sab. n.pr. m. חרם,
יחרמאל Hal 411. 504 DHM l.c. ) — 1. priest of the third course, David’s time,
according to 1 Ch 24:8 . 2. priest of time of Nehemiah Ne 10:6 . 3. heads of families
of returning exiles: a. Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42 , Ezr 10:21 Ne 12:15 . b. Ezr 2:32 =
Ne 7:35 , Ezr 10:31 Ne 3:11 . 4. a prince Ne 10:28 .
115
) —a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Nu 14:45 (JE; art.
only here v. Di ), 21:3 ( J ) where name expl. from Israel’s devoting Canaanites of
Arad to destruction; Jos 15:30 ; 19:4 ( P ), Dt 1:44 Jos 12:14 ( D ), 1 S 30:30 1
Ch 4:30 ; originally called ַת
ְצפJu 1:17 , where name is said to have been changed to
Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to
destruction, v. Di Nu 21:3 .—On site v. ַת ְצפ.
ֶחרְמוֹנִים v. foregoing.
) — Dt 16:9 ; 23:26 .
† I. ָן
ָחרS 2771 TWOT 747 GK 3059 , 3060 n.pr.loc. city in northern Mesopotamia (
Assyrian ḫarrânu = road, path COT Gloss. ; cf. Dl Pa 185 ; Jensen Kosmologie 28
‘junction of trading-routes’ = cross-roads ) —mentioned as city of Abram’s sojourn
Gn 11:31 , where his father Teraḥ died v 32 , and whence he departed for Canaan
12:4 , 5 ; where Laban, Jacob’s uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled 27:43 ; 28:10
(both ר֫נָה
ָ ) ָח, 29:4 ; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib 2 K 19:12 = Is 37:12
; as place of trade Ez 27:23 ; Assyrian Ḫarrana (- ni ), Schr COT on Gn 11:31 ;
27:43 Χαρραν . It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), v. Schr
KG 355, 536
; see further Chwolsohn Ssabier i, 303 ff. Wüstenfeld ZMG 1864, 443 f. Schr KG 355,
536
Sachau Reise 217 ff. Mez Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892 .
חֹרֹנִי S 2772
GK 3061
adj. gent. v. id.
חרסTWOT 748
( √ of foll.; meaning dubious ) .
ֶ ֫חרS
† I. ֶס 2775 , 2776
TWOT 748a , 759b
GK 3063 , 3064 , 3065
n. m. Ju 14:18 sun (
NH id. ) — abs. ח׳Jb 9:7 ( || ;) כוכביםc. הepenth. ְבּ ֶטרֶם יָבֹא ַה ַח֫ ְרסָהJu
14:18 ( cf. ַליִל, ) ַליְלָהbefore the sun could go down (but read perhaps ַה ַח֫ ְדרָהinto
ZAW 1884, 253 ff.
the (bridal) chamber Sta ).
† II. ֶ ֫חרS
[ ֶס 2775 , 2776
TWOT 748a , 759b
GK 3063 , 3064 , 3065
] n.pr.loc. 1. abode of
Amorites, ִֿים
ְשׁ ַע ְלב
ַ וּב ְבּהַר־ ֶחרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן Ju 1:35 , since ֶס
ֶחרsun = ֶשׁמֶשׁ,
perhaps = בֵּית ֶשׁמֶשׁ1. ( q.v. ), so Stu (who proposes ֶס
ֶחר = עִיר ) עָר, Ke Be
Bu RS 17
Öt Bla ἐν τῳ̂ [ὄρει του̂] Μυρσινω̂νι(-οσ) = הַר ֲהדַס. 2. place E. of
ֶה ָח֑ר
Jordan ֶס ִמ ְל ַמ ֲעלֵה Ju 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres , Αρες ; the point
whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm read ִים
( ֶה ָהרv.
Lag Onom. 96, 2nd ed. 131
) so SS .— ֶס
ִתּ ְמנַת־ ֶחרJu 2:9 v. sub ִתּ ְמנַת, √ מנה.
III. ֶחרֶס S 2775 , 2776
TWOT 748a , 759b
GK 3063 , 3064 , 3065
, ִית
ַח ְרסS 2777
TWOT
759c
GK 3068
, חרסותS 2777
TWOT 759c
GK 3067
v. sub חרשׂ.
√ ( חרעof foll.; perhaps cf. Aramaic Ethpa. be clever , shrewd , especially in bad
sense; Arabic split , VIII. originate, invent ) .
† I. [ ָחרַףS 2778
TWOT 749 , 750 , 751
GK 3069 , 3070 , 3071 , 3072
] vb. reproach ( NH
Pi. id. ; Aramaic ַף
ֲחרid. , sharpen , sharp, keen, acute ) ;— Qal impf. לֹא־יֶ ֱחרַף ְל ָבבִי
ִמיָּ ָמ֑יJb 27:6 ; Pt. sf. חֹ ְרפִיψ 119:42 Pr 27:11 ; חוֹ ְרפֶי ָךψ 69:10 . Piel. Pf. ֵחרֵף
Ju 5:18 + 6 times; תּ ָ ֵח ַר ְפIs 37:23 + 4 times etc. + 10 times pf. ; Impf. יְ ָחרֵף2 S
21:21 1 Ch 20:7 ; ֶף וְ ָח֫רψ 74:10 + 2 times sf. ; Inf. ְל ָחרֵףIs 37:4 + 5 times;
ְבּחָֽ ְרפָם2 S 23:9 (but v. infr. ); Pt. ְמ ָחרֵףψ 44:17 ;— reproach ,—proposes say
sharp things against ,— taunt , c. acc. Ju 8:15 1 S 17:10 , 25 , 26 , 36 , 45 2 S
21:21 + 1 Ch 20:7 ; God, by injustice to the poor Pr 14:31 ; 17:5 ; Yahweh, by idolatry
Is 65:7 ; Yahweh as the God of Israel 2 K 19:4 , 16 , 22 , 23 = Is 37:4 , 17 , 23 , 24
= 2 Ch 32:17 ( c. ל ְ ); c. ְבּ, Philistines 2 S 23:9 MT (but read ְבּפַס ַדּמִּיםat Pas-
dammîm , n.pr.loc. , as 1 Ch 11:13 We Dr ); reproach , Ne 6:13 ψ 42:11 ; 44:17 ;
55:13 ; 57:4 ; 74:10 , 18 ; 79:12 ; 89:52 ( ×2 ) ; 102:9 Zp 2:8 , 10 ; poet. and fig. ,
despise, scorn , ח׳ נפשׁ למוּתJu 5:18 .
III. [ ַף
ָחרS 2778
TWOT 749 , 750 , 751
GK 3069 , 3070 , 3071 , 3072
] vb. denom. remain in
harvest-time ( so Arabic ; Eng. to winter ) —only Qal Impf. 3 fs. כָּל־ ֶבּ ֱהמַת
הָאָרֶץ ָעלָיו ֶתּ ֱח ָ ֑רף Is 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time
upon it .
† ֵף
ָחרS 2780 GK 3073
( dub. whether from I. or II.) n.pr. m. a chief of the line of
Judah 1 Ch 2:51 .
† IV. [ ָחרַףS 2778 TWOT 749 , 750 , 751 GK 3069 , 3070 , 3071 , 3072 ] vb. acquire ( cf.
Arabic turn a thing from its proper way or manner , but also gain, acquire [subsistence]
for one’s family ) —only Niph. Pt. f. ִישׁ ִשׁ ְפחָה נֶ ֱח ֶרפֶת ְלאa maidservant acquired for
a man (viz. as his concubine) Lv 19:20 ( H ; cf. NH חֲרוּפָהof woman designated for
a man).
† I. ָחרַץ S 2782 TWOT 752 GK 3024 , 3076 , 3077 vb. cut, sharpen, decide ( NH id. ,
cut in, decide , Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu , dig, decide , ḫariṣu , trench ,
Zehnpfund BAS i. 502 ; Ph. חרץdecision , Hoffm AGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11 ) — Qal Pf. 3
ms. ח׳ ָ ָח ָר֑ ְצ1 K 20:40 ; Impf.
Jos 10:21 ; תּ יֶ ֱחרַץ־Ex 11:7 ; 2 ms. ֶתּ ֱח ָר֑ץ2 S 5:24
; Pt. pass. ָרוּץ חIs 10:22 Lv 22:22 ; pl. חֲרוּצִיםJb 14:5 ( v. also חָרוּץinfr. )— 1.
cut, mutilate Lv 22:22 ( שׁבוּר ָ ) אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יֶַבּלֶת ַעוֶּרֶת אוֹ. 2. sharpen , fig. the
tongue, לְ לֹא יֶח׳־ ֶכּלֶב ְלשֹׁנוֹEx 11:7 ( J ), i.e. utter no sound against Isr., Jos 10:21 .
3. decide 1 K 20:40 ( abs. ); so pt. pass. חרוצים ימיוJb 14:5 his days are
determined, fixed ( || ַר חדשׁיו ) ִמ ְספּ, Is 10:22 ; ִכּלָּיוֹן ח׳act with decision 2 S 5:24 .
Niph. Pt. ָה נֶ ֱח ָרצIs 10:23 + 3 times; נֶ ֱח ֶרצֶתDn 9:26 (both these forms inf. cstr.
according to Ba NB 90 ); decisive ָה וְנֶח׳ ָכּלIs 10:23 ; 28:22 Dn 9:27 a consumption
and strick decision (i.e. that which is strictly determined), ָה ֱשׂ֑ת
ָ כי ן׳ נֶעDn 11:36 ; נח׳
שֹׁמֵמוֹתDn 9:26 strict determining of desolation .
† I. ָרוּץ
חS 2742 , 2743 , 2782
TWOT 752 , 752a , 752b , 753a
GK 3021 , 3022 , 3023 , 3024 , 3025 , 3026
times; pl. ִים חֲרוּצPr 10:4 ; 12:24 ; ֲח ֻרצִיםPr 13:4 ; ֲחרֻצוֹתAm 1:3 ;— 1. sharp:
of threshing instrument חדָשׁ ָ מוֹרָג ח׳Is 41:15 ; without ם׳, as subst. , 28:27
(where רזֶל ;) יוּדַשׁ
ְ ח׳ ַה ַבּAm 1:3 ; Jb 41:22 ( fig. of crocodile). 2. fig. diligent: as
subst. Pr 21:5 ; opp. מיָּה ִ ְרPr 10:4 ; 12:24 , 27 ; opp. ָעצֵלPr 13:4 .— Dn 9:25
v. IV. חרוץ.
† II. חָרוּץ S 2742 , 2743 , 2782
TWOT 752 , 752a , 752b , 753a
GK 3021 , 3022 , 3023 , 3024 , 3025 ,
Dl HWB
) —only in רְחוֹב וְח׳Dn 9:25 , si vera l. ; as above Ges Herzf Ew Zö
Meinh ( q.v. ); Gr ְחוֹב וחיץ<;ר Bev ְחוֹב וָחוּץ רwith public places and
streets .
3026 , 3027
n.pr. m. father of king Amon’s mother 2 K 21:19 , Αρους .
† [ ִיץ
ָחרS 2757
TWOT 752c
GK 3043 , 3044
] n. m. 1 S 17:18 a cut, thing cut,
sharp instrument ;— pl. cstr. ֲחרִיצֵי 1 S 17:18 1 Ch 20:3 ; ֵי
ֲח ִרצ2 S 12:31 ;—
1. ָב
ֶה ָחל
ח׳1 S 17:18 cuts of milk i.e. cheeses. 2. sharp instr. of iron, 2 S 12:31 =
1 Ch 20:3 מּגֵרוֹתְ ( ַבּ ְמֵּגרָה ובח׳ ַה ַבּ ְרזֶל וּ ַבcf. Am 1:3 sub חרוץ1 , and Dr Sm ).
† ִים ַח ְר ַצנּS 2785 TWOT 752d GK 3079 n. m. pl. some insignificant vine-
product, usually taken as grape-kernels, grapestones , from acrid taste, so Thes
(after Onk Mishn. ), v. also זָגp. 260 supr. : ַד־זָג
ִמגֶּפֶן ַהיַּיִן מֵח׳ וְעNu 6:4 of
the wine-vine, including both חרצניםand זג, he shall not eat.
† [ ָה
ַח ְר ֻצבּS 2784
TWOT 754a
GK 3078
] n. [ f. ] bond, fetter, pang , only pl.
—; ַח ְרצֻבּוֹת1. cstr. ֶשׁע
ַ ח׳ רIs 58:6 bonds of wickedness i.e. imposed by wicked
men ( || אגֻדּוֹת
ֲ ) מוֹטָה. 2. pangs ( cf. ֶחבֶל, ) ֵחבֶל, abs. למותם אֵין ח׳ψ 73:4 they
have no pangs (read ָם וגו׳ ) ָ ֑למוֹ תּ.
† ָחרַקS 2786
TWOT 755
GK 3080
vb. gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. ( NH
id. ; Arabic file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic id. ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳
Jb 16:9 ; Impf. יַחֲרֹק ψ 112:10 ; ְקוּ־
וַיַּ ַחרLa 2:16 ; Inf. abs. חָרֹק ψ 35:16 ; Pt.
חֹרֵק ψ 37:12 ;— grind the teeth in rage against: על ח׳ שׁניוψ 37:12 ; 35:16 ; abs.
without על112:10 La 2:16 (only here c. ֵשׁןsing.); c. ְבּinstr. ( Ges § 119. 3 b. R. Da
Synt. § 73 R. 6
) על־ ח׳ בשׁניו Jb 16:9 .
† I. [ ָחרַרS 2787
TWOT 756
GK 2579 , 3081 , 3082
] vb. be hot, scorched, burn , poet.
& late ( Arabic be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic Aramaic ַר
; חcf. Assyrian arâru , glow ,
SASm Asrb. i, p. 97
Belser BAS ii, 155
) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. ָ ֫חרָה וְ ָח֫רconsec. Ez
Jb 30:30 , ָה
֫ ָ Is 24:6 ;— 1. be hot, scorched , Jerus. , under fig. of caldron Ez 24:11 . 2.
24:11 , חרוּ
burn = be burned , fig. of men, in ’ י׳s judgment, Is 24:6 . 3. burn , of bones of sick
men in fever ֶב
ִמנִּי־חֹר ח׳ Jb 30:30 . Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָ ָח֑רEz 15:4 , נִחַרψ 69:4 ; 3
pl. נִ ָח֑רוּ ψ 102:4 ( Kö i . 368
); Impf. וַיֵּ ָח֑ר Ez 15:5 יֵח֑רוּEz 24:10 ( del. Co B al.
) 1. be scorched , of bellows ח
ַ ַמ ֻפּin fierce fire Je 6:29 ( fig. ); scorched, charred , of the
vine (as fuel) Ez 15:4 , 5 middle part charred, the ends devoured ( ) אכלby fire ( sim.
of inhab. of Jerus. ); bones ( sim. id. ) Ez 24:10 ( v. supr. ). 2. burn , of bones in fever
ψ 102:4 ( ֵד כְּמוֹק, cf. Qal Jb 30:30 ); be parched , of throat נח׳ גרוני69:4 .— Is
41:11 ; 45:24 Ct 1:6 v. חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Je 6:29 from √ נחרsnort, puff ,
according to Mich Ew Gf Gie al. ,—not Du . Pilp. Inf. רִיב ְל ַח ְרחַר־ Pr 26:21 to
kindle strife .
196
) , only pl. abs. ח׳ במדבר ; ֲח ֵררִים Je 17:6 ( || ָה
) ֲע ָרבfig. of life of godless.
† ַחרְחוּר S 2744
GK 3028
n.pr. m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:51
= Ne 7:53 ; Αρου(α)ρ ( meaning as above? or from II. ) ? חרר.
חררPi. set free , חֹרfreeman; Aramaic ֲחרַר, Pa. set free , חֹרָא, ָח ְרתָּאfreed-man, -
woman; Sab. חרfreeman, noble (?) DHM Epigr. Denkm. 57 ; Ethiopic coll. army, troops
(in Amhar. free, noble , according to Di 85 ), free, noble , etc. )
only pl. ִים חֹר1 K 21:8 + 6 times, חוֹרִיםEc 10:17 , Ne 6:17 + 3 times; sf.
חֹרֶי ָהIs 34:12 ;— nobles in Naboth’s city 1 K 21:8 , 11 ; nobles of Judah, חֹרֵי
יְהוּדָה6:17 ; 13:17 Je 27:20 ; 39:6 Ne 6:17 ; 13:17 , ( הח׳ והסגניםin Jerusalem)
Ne 2:16 ; 4:8 , 13 ; 5:7 ; 7:5 , Ec 10:17 , of Edom Is 34:12 .— I. חֹר, v. II. חור.
, 2583
n. [ m. ] id. — pl. חוּרִים Is 42:22 as hiding-places of men; s. cstr. חֻר Is
) ָ ֑פּת.
11:8 hole of asp ( ֶן
חרשׂTWOT 759
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic vb. scratch, lacerate , irritation , etc. )
† ֶ ֫חרֶשׂ S 2789
TWOT 759a
GK 3084
n. [ m. ] earthenware, earthen vessel,
ֶשׂת
ֶ ֲחר S 7025
GK 3085
v. ֶשׂת
ֶ קִיד־ ֲחר.
† III. ֶ ֫חרS
[ ֶס 2775 , 2776
TWOT 748a , 759b
GK 3063 , 3064 , 3065
] n. [ m. ] an eruptive
ַח ְרס, ; also rough , etc. ) — וּ ֶב ָח֑רֶסDt 28:27 ( || עפלים
disease, itch ( Aramaic ָא
Kt , ָב
) ָגּר,— I, II. ֶחרֶסv. sub חרס.
† חרסות S 2777
TWOT 759c
GK 3067
Kt , ִית
ַח ְרסS 2777
TWOT 759c
GK 3068
† ָחרָשׁ S 2796
TWOT 760a
GK 3088 , 3093
n. m. Ex 38:23 graver, artificer ( Ph.
— ) חרשabs. ) ַחרָּשׁ = ( ח׳Ex 35:35 + 14 times; cstr. ָחרַשׁ Ex 28:11 + 2
times; pl. שׁים
ִ חָֽ ָרHo 13:2 + 7 times; ָשׁים
ִ ֲחר1 Ch 4:14 ( ×2 ) Ne 11:35 ( v. infr.
); cstr. ָשׁי
ֵ חָֽר 2 S 5:11 + 6 times;— 1. graver, artificer: a. worker in metal 1 S
13:19 Hos 8:6 ; 13:2 Dt 27:15 Je 10:9 ( || ֵף
) צֹר, Is 40:19 ( || id. ), 54:16 1
Ch 29:5 ; רזֶל
ְ ַבּ ח׳ Is 44:12 2 Ch 24:12 ; perhaps also Is 41:7 ( + ֵף
;) צֹרappar. =
hammerer Zc 2:3 (symbol.). b. worker in wood ֵץ
ע ח׳ 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 (
) ֵעצִים, 2 K 12:12 ; 22:6 = 2 Ch 34:11 , Je 10:3 Is 40:20 ; 44:13 ( v. also 1 Ch
22:15 infr. ); perhaps also Ezr 3:7 2 Ch 24:12 (both || ) חצב. c. worker in stone ח׳
ֶאבֶן קִיר 2 S 5:11 = 1 Ch 14:1 (om. ;) אבןalso of engraving on gems אבן ח׳ Ex
28:11 ( P ; || ָם
חֹת ;) פִּתּוּחֵיsee also foll. d. in gen. ח׳ ֶאבֶן וָעֵץ 1 Ch 22:15 ; idol-
maker ִים
צִיר ח׳ Is 45:16 , cf. 44:11 (also v 12 , 13 supr. ), 2 K 24:14 , 16 Je
24:1 ; 29:2 (all || סגֵּר
ְ ) ַמ, Ex 35:35 ; 38:23 (both P ; both || חֹשׁב
ֵ ). In גֵּיא
ָשׁים
ִ ֲחר 1 Ch 4:14 , ֲ׳
ַהח גֵּי Ne 11:35 valley of ( the ) artificers , and ָשׁים
ִ ֲחר
artificers 1 Ch 4:14 , חhas— ֲ exceptionally, v. Ol § 183 a
Kö ii § 60. 5
; read
ָשׁים
ִ ? חָֽר2. fig. ַשׁחִית
ְ ח׳ מ Ez 21:36 men skilled to destroy .
† ָחרִישׁ S 2758
TWOT 760c
GK 3045
n. m. ploughing, ploughing-time — abs.
ח׳ וְ ָקצִיר Gn 45:6 ( E ) ploughing and harvesting; also ( = time of ploughing and
harvest ) Ex 34:21 (JE); c. sf. as acc. cogn. ָחרַשׁ ֲחרִישׁוֹ 1 S 8:12 ( v. supr.
ָחרַשׁ2 ).
† [ ֵשׁה
ָ ַמ ֲחרS 4281 , 4282
TWOT 760d
GK 4739
ֶ ֫ ] ַמ ֲח ֶרn. f. ploughshare —
, שׁת
sg. sf. ַשׁתּוֹ
ְ ִללְטוֹשׁ אִישׁ ַמ ֲחרv 20 to sharpen each man his ploughshare 1 S
13:20 ( + ֵתוֹ א, ) ַק ְרדֻּמּוֹ+ ֵשׁתוֹ
ָ ַמ ֲחרv 20 , read prob. ָדּ ְרבָּנוֹhis goad (so S
We Dr , see v 21 ); pl. abs. ֵשֹׁת ַמ ֲחרv 21 ( + similar list; on text of both vv.
see Dr ).
† ֵחרֵשׁ S 2795
TWOT 761a
GK 3094
adj. deaf — ֵשׁ
= ( ֵחר
) ִחרֵּשׁEx 4:11 + 4
times; pl. ְשׁיםִ ֵחרIs 29:18 + 3 times;— deaf , Ex 4:11 ( J ; || ) ִאלֵּם, ψ 38:14 ( ||
id. ); also Lv 19:14 ( H ), Is 29:18 ; 35:5 ; 42:18 , 19 + v 19 b (for last עוֵּר ִ , cf.
43:8 ; Gr JQ 1891, Oct. p. 2
v. Che Comm. , JQ Jan. 1892, 332
ֶ ֫פּתψ 58:5 a
), 43:8 ; ֶן ח׳
deaf adder .
ֶ ֫חרS
† I. ֶשׁ 2791 , 2792 , 2796
TWOT 760a , 761b , 763a
GK 3088 , 3089 , 3090
n. m. as adv.
silently, secretly — ח׳ ְמ ַרְגּלִים Jos 2:1 (JE) exploring secretly .
† ֫
חֹרֶשׁ S 2793
TWOT 762a
GK 3091 , 3092
n. m. Ez 31:3 wood, wooded height (
Assyrian ḫuršu , wooded height COT Gloss
Lyon Sargontexte, Gloss ( v. also Dl Pr 180
Che crit. n. on Is 17, 9 ); NH ֶשׁ
חוֹרwood, forest; Aramaic ְשׁא ָ חוּרid. ) — abs. ח׳Is
17:9 Ez 31:3 (but on both v. infr. ); ְשׁה ֫ 1 S 23:16 ( v. Dr ); ְשׁה
ָ חֹר ָ בַּחֹ֫ר1 S
23:15 , 18 , 19 ; pl. ָשׁים
ִ ֳחר2 Ch 27:4 ;— wooded height 1 S 23:15 ( || ָבּהָרv
14 ), v 16 , 18 , so ַח׳
ְבּגִ ְבעַת ַה ֲחכִילָה ַבּ ְמּצָדוֹת בּv 19 ; וּבֶח׳ בנה בִּי ָרנִיּוֹת
וּ ִמגְ ָדּלִים2 Ch 27:4 and on the wooded heights he built fortresses and towers ( ||
עֲזוּבַת הַחֹרֶשׁ וְהָאָמִיר ;) ְבּהַר יְהוּדָהIs 17:9 the forsaken places of the wooded
heights and summits Ges Ew De Di RV ; but read prob. ע׳ החוי והאמרי
forsaken places of the Hivites and the Amorites , so Lag Che Or Brd Du ;
ֵמצַל ח׳ Ex 31:3 shade-giving wood or thicket , of close branches of cedar (but sense
hardly legitimate; del. Co ).
† II. ֶ ֫חרS
[ ֶשׁ 2791 , 2792 , 2796
TWOT 760a , 761b , 763a
GK 3088 , 3089 , 3090
] n. [ m. ]
magic art or perhaps magic drug ( Aramaic practice magic , ָשׁ ָחר, magician ,
incantation, magic art, preparation of magic potion , so Ethiopic one using
incantations; incantation, magic; comp. perhaps Arabic a medicinal broth given to
women in childbed; ֶשׁ ֶחרperhaps magical drug, v. RS JPh. xiv. 1885, 125 ) —only
ָשׁים ֲחכַם
ִ ֲחר ָל֑ח
Is 3:3 skilled in magic arts , or drugs ( || ַשׁ ) נְבוֹן, ( > others gen. =
handicraft ).
† ְשׁא
ָ ַחר S 2797
GK 3095
n.pr. m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:52
Αρησα , L Βαασα , = Ne 7:54 Αδασα .
† II. חֲר֫ ֶשׁת n.pr.loc. only in combin. ח׳ הַגּוֹיִם, Ḥarosheth of the nations ( v. גּוֹי
), Ju 4:2 , 13 , 16 ; perhaps mod. el-Ḥariṯîye , on right bank of lower Kishon, v.
Thomson Land and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff. Bd Pal 241 Be Bla Cooke Hist. Deb. 3
GASm Geog. 393 .
ָשׁים
ִ ֲחר S 2798
GK 3096
v. ָחרָשׁand ; ַגּיְאalso II. ֶחרֶשׁ.
† [ ִישׁי
ִ ֲחרS 2759
TWOT 760e
GK 3046
] adj. meaning wholly dub. ; only רוּ ַח
ִישׁית
ִ ָקדִים ֲחר Jon 4:8 ; a silent east wind is not suitable in context; still = sultry is
mere conject.: Hi autumnal ( √ I. ;) חרשׁSt proposes = חרישׂית חריסית, from
ֶחרֶםsun (or √ whence ֶחרֶסcomes) hot east wind; We makes no attempt to explain.
†[ ָחרַתS 2801
TWOT 764
GK 3100
] vb. grave, engrave , only Qal Pt. pass.
חָרוּת עַל ַהלֻּחֹת Ex 32:16 ( E ), engraved upon the tablets (by finger of God), but from
absence of || in cogn. lang. (Arabic is perforate, bore, slit ) prob. error for ָרוּשׁ
( חJe 17:1
).
† [ ֶת
ֶחרS 2802
GK 3101
ָ ֑חר
] n.pr.loc. , only in ֶת יַעַר 1 S 22:5 .
† ָשׂ ְך
ַ חS 2820
TWOT 765
GK 3104
vb. withhold, refrain ( NH ָה ַס ְך, Aramaic
ֲח ַס ְך, Palm. חסךremit, spare , Vog Nos. 6, 15 ; Sab. משחכןweaned (child) DHM ZMG
1875, 608
) — Qal Pf. ָשׂ ְךַ חGn 39:9 + 4 times ( + Ez 30:18 Ba ; v. ; חשׁךIs 38:17
v. infr. ), ךְ ָ֑שׂ ְ חJb 30:10 , ָשׂ֑כוּ
ָ חIs 14:6 , ָֽשׂכוּ ָ חJe 14:10 , etc.; Impf. יַחְשׂ ְךJb 16:5
+ 2 times; 2 ms. ך ְ ַתּחְשׂIs 5:81 , ַתּחְשׂוֹ ְךPr 24:11 ; 2 fs. ַתּחְשׂ֑כִיIs 54:2 , etc.; Imv.
חֲשׂ ְךψ 19:14 ; Pt. חֹשׂ ְךֵ Pr 10:19 ; 11:24 ; חוֹשׂ ְך ֵ Pr 13:24 ; 17:27 ; sq. — 1. a.
withhold, keep back, keep for oneself , acc. , Gn 22:12 ( E ), v 16 ; 39:9 ( sq. מּנִּי ֶ ; ִמ
both J ); abs. Pr 21:26 ( opp. ַן ;) נָתwithhold the rod ( ) שׁבטin discipline, Pr 13:24 ;
no obj. expr. 11:24 ; 24:11 . b. keep one from evil, calamity, She’ôl etc., c. acc. and
מִןGn 20:6 ( E ), 1 S 25:39 ψ 19:14 ; ְשׁםָ ח׳ ִמ ָמּוֶת נַפψ 78:50 cf. Jb 33:18 Is 38:7
(read תּ
ָ ָשׂ ְכ
ַ חor חֲשׂ ְךfor MT ָשׁ ְק ָתּ
ַ ח, v. ;) חשׁקabs. hinder (i.e. calamities from
coming) Is 14:6 ; ֲוֹנֵנוּ
ח׳ ְל ַמטָּה ֵמעEzr 9:13 thou hast kept back, downward ( = and
kept down), part of our iniquity , i.e. has not punished us according to our full desert. c.
hold in check c. acc. 2 S 18:16 (or spare v. infr. ); obj. ֶם ַרְגלֵיהJe 14:10 ;
especially of keeping silence, obj. פִּי Jb 7:11 restrain my mouth , שׂפתיםPr 10:19 ,
אמרים 17:27 ; פּנַי לֹא ח׳ רֹק ָ ִמJb 30:10 from my face they have not withheld spittle (
= they have spit in my face). d. refrain (from doing what is mentioned in the context),
abs. Is 54:2 ; 58:1 . e. spare , c. acc. pers. 2 K 5:20 he hath spared Naaman ַת ִמ ַקּח
so as not to take ( = and hath not taken anything) out of his hand; perhaps also 2 S
18:16 Joab spared the people ( v supr. ). f. reserve for, c. acc. + ל ְ Jb 38:23 . 2. ( abs.
) restrain, check (pain) i. e. assuage , so appar. MT Jb 16:5 ( v. Di Kau ; I would not
restrain condolence of my lips , S Me , reading לא אחשׂךfor ) יחשׂך.— Ez 30:18
v. חשׁך. Niph. Impf. ָשׂךְ־רָע
ֶ לְיוֹם אֵיד יֵחJb 21:30 at the day of calamity the wicked
is spared ( pass. of Qal1 e ); ך
ְ ָשׂ
ֵ יֵחJb 16:6 be assuaged , of pain ( pass. of Qal 2 ).
† ָשׂף
ַ חS 2834
TWOT 766
GK 3103 , 3106 , 3107
vb. strip off, strip, make bare — Qal
Pf. ָשׂף
ַח Is 52:10 , ָהּ
ֲשׂפ
ָ חJo 1:7 , ָשׂ ְפתִּי
ַ חJe 13:26 ; 49:10 ; Impf. וַיֶּחֱשֹׂף ψ 29:9 ;
Imv. fs. ֶשׂפִּי־
ְ חIs 47:2 ; Inf. abs. חָשׂףJo 1:7 ; cstr. ַלחְשֹׂףIs 30:14 Hg 2:16 ;
Pt. pass. ָה חֲשׂוּפEz 4:7 , חֲשׂוּפַיIs 20:4 ( pl. cstr. ? cf. infr. ).— 3. strip off ,
expose oneself by removing ( obj. ֶל שֹׁב, flowing skirt, train) Is 47:2 of Babylon,
personified as queen ( || ִי שׁוֹק ) ַגּלּ, ח׳ שׁוּ ַליְִך עַל־ ָפּנַיְִךJe 13:26 . 4. strip, lay bare , fig.
of י׳Is 52:10 obj. ע קדשׁו ַ ; זְרוֹof prophet, Ez 4:7 (but Co del. v. as interpol.);
obj. pers. Je 49:10 ( || ִי חָשׂף חשׂפהּ ;) ִגּלֵּיתJo 1:7 of locusts stripping fig-tree;
חֲשׂוּפַי ֵשׁתIs 20:4 ( pt. either sg. coll. , with formative ending ַ — י, De Lag Se i,
19 ( cf. 69), BN 192
; or pl. cstr. , v. Ges § 87, 1 c. ); ָרוֹת ח׳ יְעψ 29:9 of voice of ( י׳i.e. a
storm) stripping forests. 5. draw (water) Is 30:14 ; (wine) Hg 2:16 ; properly take from
the surface, skim .
† [ ָשׂיף
ִ חS 2835
TWOT 766a
GK 3105
] n. m. only pl. cstr. ֲשׂפֵי
ִ ִשׁנֵי ח
ְ ִעזִּים כּ 1
K 20:27 B and most, two little flocks of goats ( = חשׂיףsegregatum ,
strictly what is stripped off ), but this without other evidence than authority of the
Vrss ; Klo proposes ִי ַשּׁפ
ְ ִשׁפַּט ִעזִּים בְּ מon the bare height, after the manner of
goats.
† חֲשׂוּפָא S 2817
GK 3102
, ָא
ֲשׂפ
ֻ חn.pr. m. head of a family of Nethinim among
the returning exiles ָא
חֲשׂוּפEzr 2:43 = ֲשׂפָא
ֻח Ne 7:46 .
חֲשׂוּפַי S 2834
TWOT 766
Is 20:4 v. חשׂף.
† ְשׂף ַמחn. m. a laying bare, stripping —only cstr. ַמחְשׂף ַה ָלּבָןGn 30:37 ( J
) a stripping of the white , i.e. so as to shew wood under the bark.
† ָשׁב
ַ חS 2803
TWOT 767
GK 3108
vb. think, account ( NH id. ; Aramaic ֲשׁב
ַ ח,
Arabic ; Ethiopic : id. ; Ph. n. חשבmeaning dub. v. CIS i. 86
) — Qal ח׳Is
Pf.
33:8 + 9 times; ָה
ָשׁ ְבתּ
ַ ח2 S 14:13 etc.; Impf. יַחְשֹׁבIs 10:7 + 4 times; ֲשׁב־
ָ יַח2 S
19:20 ψ 40:18 ; sf. בנִי ֵ ְשׁ
ְ יַחJb 19:11 ; 33:10 ; pl. ְשׁבוְּ יַחψ 41:8 Dn 11:25 ;
֑ יַ ְחIs 13:17 ; יַחֲשֹׁבוּןψ 35:20 ; ְשׁבָה
שֹׁבוּ ְ נַחJe 18:18 , etc. + 9 times Impf. ; inf.
cstr. ְשֹׁב ַלחEx 31:4 + 3 times; Pt. חֹשׁב ֵ Ex 26:1 + 15 times, חוֹשׁב ֵ 2 Ch 26:15 ;
חֹשׁבִים
ְ Ne 6:2 + 3 times, חֹשׁבֵי ְ Mi 2:1 + 3 times;— I. of man: 1. think account
לבבו לא כן יחשׁבIs 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֹMal 3:16 those
thinking of his name; sq. 2 acc. חשׁבנהו נגוע Is 53:4 we thought him stricken;
elsewhere c. acc. + ל
ְ Gn 38:15 ( J ), 1 S 1:13 Jb 19:15 ; 35:2 ; 41:24 ; so, fig. , of
crocodile Jb 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw . 2. devise, plan, mean , c. acc. ֲשׁבֶת
ֶ ַמח
ָרעָהEz 38:10 , רעהψ 35:4 ; 140:3 Zc 7:10 ; 8:17 , ַתּ ְהפֻּכ֑וֹתPr 16:30 , ְמזִמּוֹתψ
10:2 ; 21:12 , ְמוֹת
ִדּ ְברֵי ִמרψ 35:20 , אָוֶןMi 2:1 Ez 11:2 ψ 36:5 , הַוּוֹתψ 52:4 ; ח׳
רע(ה) עלdevise evil against Gn 50:20 ( E ), Je 48:2 Na 1:11 , ח׳ רעה ְלψ 41:8 , ח׳
ֲשׁבֶת על
ֶ ַמחJe 11:19 ; 18:11 , 18 ; 49:30 Dn 11:25 Est 8:3 ; 9:25 , ח׳ כזאת על2 S
14:13 ; c. inf. 1 S 18:25 Je 18:8 ; 23:27 Jb 6:26 Ne 6:2 , 6 Est 9:24 ψ 140:5 ; c.
לבלתי+ Impf. 2 S 14:14 (reading חוֹשׁבֵ for ָשׁבַ וְחand taking man as subj. We Dr ;
in this case לבלתיcarries on ִשּׂא לֹא ָ ) י. 3. count, reckon ח׳ עון ל׳, 2 S 19:20 ψ 32:2
reckon iniquity to . 4. esteem, value, regard , silver Is 13:17 , a man Is 33:8 , the servant
of י׳Is 53:3 . 5. invent ingenious and artistic things, ח׳ להם כלי שׁירAm 6:5 invent
for themselves instruments of music; מחשׁבת ) ח׳ (כלinvent cunning work (of artistic
devices in constr. of tabern.) Ex 31:4 ; 35:32 , 35 (all P ), so 2 Ch 2:13 ; ֲשׂה
ֵ ַמע
חֹשׁב
ֵ work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in
weaving; see especially VB and Di ) Ex 26:1 , 31 ; 28:6 , 15 ; 36:8 , 35 ; 39:3 , 8
(all P ) חוֹשׁב
ֵ ֲשׁבֶתֶ ַמח2 Ch 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war);
ְחשׁב
ֵ ָחרָשׁ וcraftsman and inventive workman (in constr. of tabern., vid. supr. ) Ex
35:35 ; 38:23 ( P ). II. of God: 1. think , c. acc. pers. + ל
ְ indirect obj. account one
לאויב, for an enemy Jb 13:24 ; 33:10 ; כצריו ח׳ לוֹ Jb 19:11 he accounted me unto
him as his adversaries . 2. devise, plan, mean , c. acc. + לindirect obj. לטבהfor
good Gn 50:20 ( E ); c. לpers. ִי לdevise for me ψ 40:18 ; acc. rei + עַל, device
something against a person Mi 2:3 Je 18:11 ; towards one Je 29:11 , c. אלagainst Je
49:20 ; 50:45 ; sq. inf. Je 26:3 ; 36:3 La 2:8 . 3. count, reckon c. acc. rei + לpers.
, the habit of believing in י׳he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Gn 15:6 (JE; cf.
Niph. 3 ); not reckon iniquity to one ψ 32:2 . Niph. Pf. ְשׁב ַ נֶחNu 18:27 , 30 , ְשׁ ְבתִּי
ַ נְח
ψ 88:5 etc. + 10 times Pf. ; Impf. ָשׁב ֵ יֵחLv 7:18 + 7 times, etc., + 6 times Impf. ; Pt.
ְשׁבָ נֶחIs 2:22 1 K 10:21 2 Ch 9:20 :— 1. be accounted, thought, esteemed , c. ְךּas
Ho 8:12 Is 5:28 ; 29:16 ; 40:15 ψ 44:23 Jb 18:3 ; 41:21 ; c. ל ְ Is 29:17 = 32:15 ,
La 4:2 ; ִם עwith, among ψ 88:5 , ַבּמֶּהIs 2:22 at what (value)? ( v. prob. interpol.; om.
); c. acc. Dt 2:11 , 20 Pr 17:28 Ne 13:13 ; ְנוּ לוֹ ְשׁב
ַ נָ ְכרִיּוֹת נֶחGn 31:15 ( E ;
Sam כּנֶח׳ ְ ) Is 40:17 . 2. be computed, reckoned , c. ְלJos 13:3 ( D ), עַלLv
25:31 ( P ), 2 S 4:2 : abs. כסףwas not counted (so plentiful was it) 1 K 10:21 = 2
Ch 9:20 2 K 22:7 . 3. be imputed to any one , c. ל ְ Lv 7:18 Nu 18:27 , 30 (all P ),
Lv 17:4 ( H ) Pr 27:14 ; the interposition of Phinehas נח׳ לוֹ לצדקהψ 106:31 was
imputed to him for rightousness ( cf. Qal II 3 ). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. ִשּׁב
ַ הLv 25:27 + 4
times; f. ִשּׁבָה
ְ חJon 1:4 ; 1 s. ִשּׁ ְבתִּי
ַח ψ 77:6 ; 119:59 ; Impf. ַשּׁב
ֵ יְחPr 16:9 Dn
11:24 , ַשּׁבוּן
ְ ְתּחNa 1:9 , etc., + 4 times ָשּׁב
ֵ ְמחPr 24:8 :— 1. think upon,
Impf. ; Pt.
consider, be mindful of , c. acc. ψ 77:6 ; 119:59 , ֵהוּ ַשּׁב ְ ) מה ( בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ וַ ְתּחψ 144:3
what (is) man’s son, and thou thinkest upon him ( || ֵהוּ
) ֵתּ ָדע. 2. think to do, devise, plan .
c. acc. Pr 16:9 , ֶל אof persons against whom Ho 7:15 Na 1:9 , עַלDn 11:24 ; c.
inf. ψ 73:16 Pr 24:8 ; so of inanim. object ֵרִשּׁב
ָ ִשּׁבָה ְלה ְ ָה ֳאנִיָּה חJon 1:4 the ship
was about to (minded to) be broken up . 3. count, reckon , the years since a sale of land
Lv 25:27 ( H ); c. ל
ְ pers. Lv 25:52 ( H ), 27:18 , 23 ( P ); c. עִםLv 25:50 ( P );
c. ֶת א2 K 12:16 . Hithp. Impf. ַשּׁ֑ב
ָ בַּגּוֹיִם לֹא יִ ְתח Nu 23:9 (JE) among the nations it
shall not reckon itself .
† ֵ ֫ח ֶשׁב S 2805
TWOT 767a
GK 3109
n. m. ingenious work , name of the girdle or
band of the ephod ( cunningly woven band , RV ), only P ; always in combin., ח׳
האפ(ו)ד Ex 28:27 , 28 ; 29:5 ; 39:20 , 21 Lv 8:7 ; פדָּתוֹ
ֻ ֲא ח׳ Ex 28:8 ; 39:5 .
† ֲשׁבָה
ֻח S 2807
GK 3112
n.pr. m. ( consideration ) —son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch
3:20 ; Ασουβε , L Αασαβαθ .
† I. ֶשׁבּוֹן
ְ חS 2808 , 2809
TWOT 767b
GK 3113 , 3114
n. m. reckoning, account ( NH
Aramaic id. ) Ec 9:10 , ח׳ בקּשׁ Ec 7:25 , ח׳ מצא Ec 7:27 .
† II. ֶשׁבּוֹן
ְ חS 2808 , 2809 TWOT 767b GK 3113 , 3114 n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon
king of the Amorites Nu 21:26 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 34 ; 32:3 (all E ); Dt 1:4 ; 2:24 ,
26 , 30 ; 3:2 , 6 ; 4:46 ; 29:6 Jos 9:10 ; 12:2 , 5 ; 13:10 , 21 , 27 (all D ) Ju
11:19 Je 48:45 Ne 9:22 ; captured by Israel who dwelt in it Nu 21:25 ( E ) Ju
11:26 ; rebuilt by Reuben Nu 32:37 ( E ), given to Reuben at the division of the land
Jos 13:17 ( P ); on the border of Gad, Jos 13:26 ( P ), it subsequently fell to Gad and
was assigned to Levites out of that tribe Jos 21:39 ( P ) 1 Ch 6:66 ; the Moabites
gained possession of it Is 15:4 ; 16:8 , 9 and subsequently the Ammonites Je 48:2 ,
34 , 45 ; 49:3 ; it was celebrated for its ponds Ct 7:5 .—Mod. Ḥusbân , Seetzen
Reisen i. 407
Rob BR i. 551 Bd Pal 191 Survey EP 8 .
† [ ִשּׁבוֹן
ָ חS 2810
TWOT 767c
GK 3115
] n. m. device, invention ( cf. Lag BN
200
) —only pl. abs. ָשׂה ָהאֱלֹהִים ָ ִשּׁבֹנוֹת ַרבִּים ע
ְ ָשׁר וְ ֵהמָּה ִבקְשׁוּ ח
ָ אֶת־הָאָדָם י
ִשּׁבֹנוֹת
ְ ;חEc 7:29 God made mankind upright but they sought out many devices;
חֹוֹשׁב
ֵ ֲשׁבֶת ֶ ִשּׁבֹנוֹת ַמח
ְ וַיַּעַשׂ ח2 Ch 26:15 and he made contrivances (i.e. engines
of war for hurling stones and arrows, see v b) the invention of inventice men .
† ֲשׁ ְביָ֫הוּ
ַח S 2811
GK 3117
, ביָה
ְ ֲשׁ
ַ חS ( Yah ( u ) has
2811
GK 3116
n.pr. m.
† ֲשׁ ְבנָה
ַח S 2812
GK 3118
n.pr. m. ( this and foll. perhaps textual error for
) ; חשׁביה(וyet Εσαβανα , L Ασβανα ) —a chief of the people,
Nehemiah’s time Ne 10:26 . Vid. also following.
ֲשׁ ְבנְיָה
ַח S 2813
GK 3119
n.pr. m. ( v. foregoing ) ;— 1. father of a builder at the
wall Ne 3:10 , Ασβαναμ ; L Σαβανιου[-ασ] . 2. a Levite Ne 9:5 (om.
) = ֲשׁ ְביָה
ַ ח6.
† ֲשׁבָה
ָ ַמח S 4284
TWOT 767d
GK 4742
n. f. thought, device (chiefly poet. and
late)— abs. ם׳Je 18:11 ; 49:30 ; ֲשׁ֫בֶת
ֶ ַמחEz 38:10 ; ֲשׁ֑בֶת
ָ ַמחEx 35:33 2 Ch 2:13
; cstr. ֶת
ֲשׁב
ֶ ַמחEst 8:5 2 Ch 26:15 ; sf. ֲשׁבְתּוַֹ ַמחEst 8:3 ; 9:25 ; pl. ֲשׁבוֹת
ָ ַמח
Je 11:19 + 7 times; ֲשׁבֹת
ָ ַמחEx 31:4 + 3 times; cstr. ְשׁבוֹת ְ ַמחIs 59:7 + 13
times; ְשׁבֹת
ְ ַמחGn 6:5 ; sf. ְשׁבוֹתַי
ְ ַמחIs 55:8 etc. + 19 times sfs. ;— 1. thought:
a. of man ם׳ אדםψ 94:11 ; ֵב ם׳ לψ 33:11 thoughts of the mind; ( ( יצר ם׳ ) לב
) כלGn 6:5 ( J ), 1 Ch 28:9 ; 29:8 . b. of God ם׳ יהוהMi 4:12 ; c. אֶל־ψ 40:6 ;
† ַשׁ ַבּ ָדּנָה
ְח S 2806
GK 3111
n.pr. m. ( etym. dub. ) —one of those who stood
with Ezra at the reading of the law Ne 8:4 ; B om.; A Ασαβααμα , L
Αβαανας .
†[ ָשׁה
ָ חS 2814
TWOT 768
GK 3120
] vb. be silent, inactive, still (chiefly poet. and
late) ( NH id. , Aramaic in deriv. ) — Qal Impf. 2 ms. ֱשׁה
ֶ ֶתּח ψ 28:1 Is 64:11 ;
ֱשׁה
ֶ ֶאחIs 62:1 ; 65:6 ; יֶחֱשׁוּIs 62:6 ; וַיֶּחֱשׁוּψ 107:29 ;— be silent Ec 3:7 ( opp.
;) ְל ַדבֵּרIs 62:1 , 6 ( = neglect to speak); of י׳i.e. be unresponsive ψ 28:1 ( || ;) חרשׁ
Is 64:11 ( || ַק ;) ִהתְאַפּbut 65:6 of ’ י׳s keeping silence at iniquity, i.e. overlooking it (
cf. 57:11 Hiph.); of waves, be still ψ 107:29 (subj. ֶם ) ַגּלֵּיה. Hiph. Pf. ֱשׁיתִי
ֵ ֶהחψ
39:3 Is 42:14 ; Imv. ֱשׁו ֶהח2 K 2:3 , 5 ; Pt. ְשׁהֶ ַמחIs 57:11 ; pl. ְשׁים ִ ַמחJu 18:9 +
3 times;— 1. exhibit silence, be silent 2 K 2:3 , 5 ; 7:9 ψ 39:3 ( sq. ִטּוֹב מ, || נְ ֱא ַל ְמתִּי
), fig. Is 42:14 ( || ;) אחרישׁof ’ י׳s being silent at iniquity Is 57:11 (i.e. overlooking
it, cf. Qal 65:5 ), poss. also is be silent , opp. rescue , Ges Che Di Du . 2. shew
inactivity Ju 18:9 , ַת
הח׳ ִמ ַקּח1 K 22:3 Gilead is ours, and we shew inactivity so as not
to take it . 3. causat. make still, quiet . sq. ְל, of direct obj. Ne 8:11 ( v b ַסּוּ
הq.v. )
ֻשׁים
ִח S 2366
GK 3123
, ֻשׁם
ָ חv. supr. p. 302 a .
† ָשׁ ְך
ַ חS 2821
TWOT 769
GK 3124
vb. be, grow dark ( NH id. ; Aramaic ך
ְ ֲח ַשׁ, ;
Arabic bear rancour , v. Lag ) — Qal Pf. ח׳Is 5:30 + 4 times; ָֽשׁכָה
BN 30
ְ וְח
consec. Mi 3:6 (but v. infr. ); ָֽשׁכוּ ְ חLa 5:17 ; ָֽשׁכוּ
ְ וְחconsec. Ec 12:3 ; Impf. 3
fs. ך
ְ ְשׁ
ַ ֶתּחEc 12:2 ; ְשׁ ְך
ַ וַ ֶתּחEx 10:15 ; 3 mpl. ְשׁכוּ
ְ יְחJb 3:9 ; 3 fpl. ְשׁ ְכנָה
ַ ֶתּחψ
69:24 ;— 1. be, grow dard , אוֹרIs 5:30 , cf. ( fig. ) Jb 18:6 ; ֶשׁ ַשּׁמ
ֶ הIs 13:16 ( fig. );
היוםEz 30:18 (where read חשׁך, for MT Baer ;) חשׂךJb 3:9 (subj. ) כוכבים, cf.
Ec 12:2 (subj. השׁמשׁ, האור, הירח, ;) הכוכביםimpers. Mi 3:6 ( si vera l. ; but read
prob. ָה
ֲשׁכ
ֵ וַח, corresponding with ַליְלָהpreceding). 2. have a dark colour: תָּֽ ֳארָם ח׳
ִשּׁחוֹר
ְמ La 4:8 darker than blackness is their visage; of the earth ֶץ
הָאָרEx 10:15 . 3.
grow dim La 5:17 (subj. ) עינינו, cf. ψ 69:24 ( fig. ), Ec 12:3 subj. ָרֹאוֹת
הi.e. the
eyes Hiph. Pf. ִ ֶהחAm 5:8 , ֲשׁ ְכ ִ ֫תּי
ְשׁי ְך ַ וְ ַהחAm 8:9 ; Impf. ֲשׁי ְך
ִ יַחψ 139:12 ; ְשׁ ְך
ִ יַח
Je 13:16 ; ך
ְ ְשׁ
ִ וַיַּחψ 105:28 ; Pt. ְשׁי ְך ִ ַמחJb 38:2 ;— 1. make dark , יום לילה הח׳Am
5:8 ; abs. cause darkness Je 13:16 ψ 105:28 , cf. Am 8:9 ( ) לארץ. 2. = hide,
conceal , sq. ךָּ ִמ ֶמּψ 139:12 . 3. fig. obscure, confuse Jb 38:2 ( obj. ) ֵעצָה.
† ֫
חֹ ֶשׁ ְך S 2822
TWOT 769a
GK 3125
n. m. Ex 10:21 darkness, obscurity ;—
† ֲשׁכָה
ֵח S 2824 , 2825
TWOT 769c
GK 3128
n. f. darkness (chiefly poet.)— ח׳Gn
15:12 + 2 times, so read also prob. Mi 3:6 (for MT ָֽשׁכָה
ְ ֲשׁיכָה ;) ח
ֵח ψ 139:12 ;
cstr. ֶשׁכַּת
ְח ֲשׁכִים
ֵ חIs 50:10 ;— darkness ,
ψ 18:12 ; pl. opp. light ( ָה
) אוֹרψ
139:12 ; supernat., ח׳ גדולהGn 15:12 (JE); ַת־ֶשׁכּ
ְ ַמיִם ח ψ 18:12 in theoph. (but ||
2 S 22:12 ַשׁרַת־מים ְ חa mass of water ); fig. = lack of understanding ψ 82:5 ; =
distress Is 8:22 ( || ָה
) ָצר, 50:10 .
† ְשׁ ְך
ָ ַמח S 4285
TWOT 769d
GK 4743
n. m. dark place (poet.)— abs. ם׳ Is
ְ ְ֑שׁ
29:15 ; 42:16 ; ך ָ ַמחψ 88:19 ; pl. ֲשׁכִּים
ַ ַמח 88:7 ; 143:3 = La 3:6 ; cstr.
ֲשׁכֵּי
ַ ַמח ψ 74:20 ;— dark place: a. = hiding-place מח׳־ארץ74:20 . b. dark region
, in which men may lose their way Is 42:16 . c. = grave , or שׁאולψ 88:19 ( v.
Che ); of dark place of God’s wrath (like She ôl ) 88:7 ; cf. 143:3 = La 3:6 . d.
= secret place, secrecy (of plots) Is 29:15 .
†[ ָשׁל
ַ חS 2826
TWOT 770
GK 3129
] vb. shatter ( Biblical Aramaic ֲשׁל
ַ חshatter;
NH Pi., || ; משׁברSyriac forge a metal, Arabic drive cattle violently; Assyrian ḫašâlu ,
shatter, destroy Zim BP 12
Dl Pr 42
) — Niph. Pt. fig. ֱשׁלִים כָּל־ ָ ַהנֶּחDt 25:18 all the
shattered ones , i.e. those broken down, worn out, sq. וְאַתָּה ָעיֵף וְיָגֵ ַעothers think =
חלשׁ.
† ָשׁםֻ חS 2828 GK 3130 n.pr. m. head of a family of returned exiles Ezr 2:19 =
Ne 7:22 , Ezr 10:33 cf. Ne 8:4 ; 10:19 .
† ַלַשׁמ
ְ חS 2830 TWOT 770 , 770a GK 3133 n. [ m. ] etym. and exact meaning dub.
; evidently some shining substance; AV amber ; supposed by Thes ( q.v. ) and
most to be a brilliant amalgam of gold and silver, ἤλεκτρον ( v Liddell & Scott
s. v. 2 ), B electrum; v. also Dl in Baer Ezech. xii ; only in the combination ח׳ ְכּעֵין
ַשׁ ַמ֑ל
like the appearance of ח׳Ez 1:4 , 27 ; ָה ְ ַהח ְכּעֵין Ez 8:2 (on ending ָ — הv.
§ 90 f
Ges ; Co del. ).
† [ ַן
ַשׁמ
ְ חS 2831
TWOT 771
GK 3134
] n. m. only pl. ַשׁ ַמנִּים
ְח ψ 68:32 ;
meaning unknown, S B ambassadors , Rabb. nobles , conject. from context;
doubtless textual error; Nes JBL 1891, 152
proposes בשׁמניםthey shall come with oils,
ointments , Hilg Che (after Aq Jer) ָשׁם
ִ חhasting .
Hilg A. Hilgenfeld.
† ָה ַשׁמֹנְ חS 2832
GK 3135
n.pr.loc. a station of Isr. in wilderness Nu 33:29 , 30
, site unknown.
† ֫
חֹ ֶשׁן S 2833
TWOT 772a
GK 3136
n. m. the breast-piece or sacred pouch ,
containing the ותמים אורים, worn on the breast of the high priest when he
ministered in the Holy Place to bring the tribes for memorial before. י׳. It was made
of the same material as the ephod ( v. ֵפוֹד ) א, a span square; set in front with twelve
jewels in four rows, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes. It was firmly
fastened to the shoulders of the ephod by gold chains passing through gold rings, and
to the lower part of the ephod just above the girdle by a blue ribbon passing through
other gold rings. It was ָטִשׁפּ
ְ חשׁן (ה)מֶ ( Ex 28:15 , 29 , 30 ) pouch of judgment ,
because of the decision given by the ִים אוּרִים וְ ֻתמּ. The name occurs only in P , Ex
( ×2 )
25:7 ; 28:4 , 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 28 ( ×2 ) , 29 , 30 ; 29:5 ; 35:9 , 27 ;
39:8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 21 ( ×2 ) Lv 8:8 ( ×2 ) .— Vid. Now Arch. ii. 119.
† I. ָשׁק
ַ חS 2836
TWOT 773
GK 3137 , 3138
vb. be attached to, love ( NH press
together, desire (rare); Aramaic ֲשׁק
ָ חbind, saddle (an ass) ) — Qal Pf. ח׳ Dt 7:7 + 4
times; ָה
ָֽשׁק ַ חIs 38:17 (but v. infr. ); ָֽ֫שׁ ְק ָתּ
ְ חGn 34:8 ; ָשׁ ְק ָתּ ַ וְחDt 21:11 ;— be
attached to , only fig. = love , a woman sq. ְבּ Gn 34:8 ( P ) Dt 21:11 ; elsewhere of
’ י׳s love for Israel Dt 7:7 ; 10:15 , and of love to י׳ ψ 91:14 ; sq. acc. cogn. + ל
ְ and
inf. שׁלֹמה אשׁר ח׳ ְ ֵשׁק
ֶ ִלבְנוֹת כל־ח1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6 ; ַת
ְשׁי ִשּׁח
ַמ
ִ ַשׁ ְק ָתּ נַפ
ַ חIs
38:17 lit. thou hast loved my soul out of the pit , i.e. lovingly delivered it; but read תּ ָ ָשׂ ְכ
ַח
thou hast held back, kept , from B Lo Ew Che Di , or חֲשׂ ְךhold back ( Imv. ),
so Du .
† ֵ ֫ח ֶשׁק S 2837
TWOT 773a
GK 3139
n. m. desire = thing desired— cstr. ֵשׁק
ֶח
ְשׁלֹמֹה 1 Kg 19 = 2 Ch 8:6 , 1 K 9:1 ; sf. ִשׁקִי
ְ ֶשׁף ח
ֶנ Is 21:4 the twilight of
my pleasure .
† [ ָשׁוּק
חS 2838
TWOT 773b
GK 3122
] n. [ m. ] fillet or ring clasping ( binding )
a pillar of the tabernacle, only pl. sf. ֲשׁקֵיהֶם
ֻח Ex 27:10 + 5 times; ֶם
חֲשׁוּקֵיהEx
38:12 , 17 ; those of the pillars at door of tabernacle ( ֶל
) הָאֹהwere overlaid with
gold Ex 36:38 ; those of the pillars of the court with silver 27:10 , 11 ; 38:10 , 11 ,
12 , 17 , 19 (all P ), v. Di on Ex 27:10 ; > Thes and most who understand of
connecting-rods , joining tops of pillars, from which curtains were hung.
† [ ִשּׁוּק
חS 2839
TWOT 773d
GK 3140
] n. [ m. ] spoke of a wheel ( as binding
felloe to nave ) — pl. sf. ִשּׁקֵיהֶם
ֻח 1 K 7:33 .
חשׁרTWOT 774
( √ of foll.; cf. Assyrian ašâru , collect, gather Zim BP 39
. In
Arabic, collect is , but not usually = )שׁ.
† [ ָה
ַשׁר
ְ חS 2841
TWOT 774a
GK 3142
] n. f. collection, mass , only ( si vera l. )
ַשׁ ַרת־ ַמיִם
ְח 2 S 22:12 ( ַת
ֶשׁכּ
ְ חin || ψ 18:12 ).
† [ ִשּׁוּר
חS 2840
TWOT 774b
GK 3141
] n. [ m. ] nave, hub of a wheel ( which
gathers in the spokes ) — pl. sf. ִשּׁרֵיהֶם
ֻח 1 K 7:33 .
חשׁשׁTWOT 775
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic hasten, hurry ( trans. ), particles of straw,
sand, dust , as flying quickly about; v. Lag BN 40
).
† ֲשׁשׁ
ַח S 2842
TWOT 775a
GK 3143
n. m. Is 5:24 chaff ;— abs. קַשׁ ַתּהֲרוּ ח׳
ִתלְדוּ Is 33:11 ye conceive chaff, ye bring forth stubble ( fig. of vain attempt of
Assyrian); cstr. ָה
יִ ְרפֶּח ח׳ ֶל ָהבIs 5:24 ( || ) קַשׁas flaming chaff sinketh down (
sim. of perishing of heedless Judahites).
ֻשׁתִי
ָח S 2843
GK 3144
v. חושׁ
חַת S 2844
TWOT 784a , 784b
GK 3145 , 3146
, ָה
ִחתּS 2847
TWOT 784d
GK 3150
v.
חתת.
† חֵת S 2845
TWOT 776
GK 3147
n.pr. m. appar. represented as ancestor of the
Hittites ( etym. and meaning unknown; pronounced as from √ ע׳עin Heb. &
Assyrian, but not Egyptian; v. ִחתִּי
) —‘begotten’ by Canaan Gn 10:15 ( J )
infr.
= 1 Ch 1:13 ; elsewhere only in combin. with כּנֵי
ְ , ; בְּנוֹתa. ְבּנֵי־חֵתaccording to P
lived at Mamre (Hebron), and one of them sold Abraham the cave of Machpelah for a
sepulchre Gn 23:3 , 5 , 10 ( ×2 ) , 16 , 18 , 20 ; 25:10 ; 49:32 . b. ֵת
בְּנוֹת(־)חonly
of wives of Esau Gn 27:46 ( ×2 )
(P; om. v b; || ֶץ
הָאָר ְבּנוֹת = בְּנוֹת ְכּ ֑נָעַן
28:1 ).
† ִי ִחתּS 2850 TWOT 776a GK 3153 adj. et n. gent. Hittite(s) ( Egyptian Ḫ-tá ,
Ḫetá . W Max Müll Asien u. Europa, 319 ff. ; Assyrian Ḫatti , Schr KG 192 ff. COT on Gn
10:19 Dl Pa , 269 ff. ; Tel-el-Amarna Ḫatti, Ḫatta Bez Tel el Amarn. Brit. Mus. 150 ) — m.
always c. art. ִי
ַה ִחתּGn 23:10 Ex 3:8 + ; f. ִחתִּית Ez 16:3 , 45 ; mpl. ַה ִחתִּים
Jos 1:4 + 3 times; fpl. ִיֹּת
ִחתּ1 K 11:1 ;— 1. adj. , of seller of Machpelah to Abr.,
ֶעפְרוֹן ַה ִחתִּי Gn 23:10 ; 49:29 , 30 ; 50:13 ; ַר
בֶּן־צֹח הַח׳ ֶעפְרֹן25:9 (all P );
of fathers of Esau’s wives ִי
הַח׳ ְבּ ֵארGn 26:34 ; אֵילוֹן הַח׳v 34 ; 36:2 (all P );
also of warriors of David, ַח׳
ֲאחִי ֶמ ֶל ְך ה1 S 26:6 , and especially אוּ ִריָּה הַח׳2 S
11:3 , 6 , 17 , 21 , 24 ; 12:9 , 10 ; 23:39 1 K 15:5 1 Ch 11:41 ; fs. = subst. ,
only of (religious) ancestry of Jerus. Ez 16:3 thy father was the Amorite, and thy
mother was a Hittite woman ִית ִחתּ, similarly v 45 ; fpl.; = subst. of Sol.’s
foreign wives, ִיֹּת
ִחתּ1 K 11:1 Hittite women ( + מוֹ ֲאבִיּוֹת, עַמּוֹנִיּוֹת, אֲדֹ ִמיִּת,
) ֵצ ְדנִיֹּת. 2. n. usually a. coll. ַה ִחתִּיthe Hittites: in lists of Canaanitish peoples
Gn 15:20 (JE), Ex 3:8 , 17 (both J ), 13:5 , 23:23 , 28 ; 33:2 ; 34:11 Nu 13:29
Jos 3:10 (all JE), Dt 7:1 ; 20:17 Jos 9:1 ; 12:8 ; 24:11 (all D ); read also for חוִּי ִ ַה
Ju 3:3 (so We Mey Bu Urg. 350
); in Jos 11:3 ( D ) del. ַה ִחתִּי We Mey Bu l.c.
†[ ָחתָהS 2846
TWOT 777
GK 3149
] vb. snatch up , usually fire, coals ( NH id. ;
ֲחתָאid. (rare); Assyrian ḫatû is destroy (i.e. snatch away ?) v. SASmith Asrb. i. 90 )
— Qal Impf. ֶה יַ ְחתּPr 6:27 ; sf. יַ ְח ְתּ ָךψ 52:7 ; Inf. cstr. ַלחְתּוֹתIs 30:14 ; Pt.
חֹתֶהPr 25:22 ;— snatch up , c. acc. אֵשׁ ִמיָּקוּדIs 30:14 to snatch up fire from a
hearth ( || ֶא
אֵשׁ ְבּחֵיקוֹ ;) ַלחְשֹׂף מים ִמגֶּבPr 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his
bosom and his garments not be burned? (in sim. of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put)
upon ָה ח׳ על־רֹאשׁוֹ ֑ יַ ְח ְתּ ָך וְיִסָּֽ ֲח ָך מψ 52:7 God … shall
ֶגּ ָחלִים אַתּPr 25:22 ; ֵאֹהֶל
snatch thee away , and pluck thee up tent-less.
† ַ ֫מחַת S 4287
GK 4744
n.pr. m. ( perhaps from ַמ ֲחתֶהthing seized ) —Levites: a.
1 Ch 6:20 , Μεθ , A Μααθ , L Αμιωθ . b. 2 Ch 29:12 ; 31:13 , Μααθ
, Μαεθ , L Μααθ , Ααθ .
ִחתָּה S 2847
TWOT 784d
GK 3150
, ַת
ַח ְתחS 2849
TWOT 784e
GK 3152
v. sub
חתת.
†[ך
ְ ָח ַתS 2852
TWOT 778
GK 3155
] vb. divide, determine ( NH id. , cut, cut
off, decide , so Aramaic חתךPa. Ethpa. ) —only Niph. Pf. ָשׁׁ ֻבעִים ִשׁ ְבעִים נֶ ְח ַתּ ְך
עַל־ ַע ְמּ ָך Dn 9:24 seventy weeks are determined upon thy people.
†[ ָחתַלS 2853
TWOT 779
GK 3156
] vb. perhaps entwine, enwrap ( poss. denom.,
so MV al. ; yet cf. NH חוֹתָלwoven date-basket ) — Pu. Pf. 2 fs. ֻחתָּֽ ְל ְתּand
Hoph. Inf. abs. ָה ְחתֵּלbe swathed, swaddled; — לֹא ֻה ְמ ַל֫ ַח ְתּ וְ ָה ְחתֵּל לֹא ֻחתָּֽ ְל ְתּ
וְ ָה ְמ ֵל ַח
Ez 16:4 and not at all wast thou rubbed with salt, and not at all wast thou
swaddled , of Jerusalem under fig. of infant.
† [ ָה
ֲח ֻתלּS 2854
TWOT 779a
GK 3157
] n. f. swadding-band ( v. Ba NB 146
)
—only ָתוֹ בְּשׂוּמִז ָענָן ְלבֻשׁוֹ וַ ֲע ָרפֶל ֲח ֻתלּJb 38:9 when I made cloud its garment,
and thick darkness its swaddling-band , fig. of dark clouds enveloping the sea.
† ִתּוּל חS 2848 TWOT 779b GK 3151 n. [ m. ] bandage — ח׳Ez 30:21 , for
broken arm (in fig. of Pharaoh’s broken arm).
† ֶחתְלֹן n.pr.loc. , on the extreme northern boundary of Isr. territory (in Ezek.’s
conception), only כ(־)ח׳ְ ֶדּ ֶרEz 47:15 ; 48:1 ; mod. Ḥeitela nearly two hours from
sea-coast, according to Furrer ZPV viii, 27 .
†[ ָחתַםS 2856
TWOT 780
GK 3159
] vb. seal, affix seal, seal up ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ַם
ֲחת, ; Ethiopic Arabic (whence ) is loan-word according to Frä 252
) — Qal
Impf. 3 ms. יַחְתֹּםJb 9:7 ; 33:6 , יַחְתּוֹםJb 37:7 , וַיַּחְתֹּםEst 8:10 , etc.; Imv.
חֲתֹםDn 12:4 , חֲתוֹםIs 8:16 , ִחתְמוּEst 8:8 ; Inf. abs. חָתוֹםJe 32:44 ; cstr.
ַלחְתֹּםDn 9:24 , + v 24 Kt ( Qr ;) ְל ָהתֵםPt. act. חוֹתֵםEz 28:12 ; pass. חָתוּם
Dt 32:34 + 2 times, etc.;— 1. seal, affix one’s seal , in attestation; seal with king’s seal (
) ְבּחֹתָמוֹ1 K 21:8 , ְבּ ַט ַבּעַת המלךEst 8:8 , 10 ; of covenant with י׳, attested by seal (
pass. ) Ne 10:1 , 2 ; fig. , of י׳putting his seal upon ( בּ
ְ ) discipline, i.e. ratifying it, Jb
33:16 ; perhaps also upon hand of man (that man may know ’ י׳s ways) 37:7 v. De ;
Di sub 2 . seal up hand of man, so that he cannot work with it (in winter). 2. seal up,
fasten up by sealing , a deed of sale Je 32:10 , 11 ( opp. הגָּלוּי
ַ that which was left open
), v 14 , 44 , a book of prophecy Dn 12:4 ( || ָרים
ַה ְדּב ) סְתֹם, cf. v 9 ( || id. ),
9:24b ; so in sim. of unintelligible prophecy Is 29:11 ( ×2 ) ; ד֑י
ָ חֲתֹם תּוֹרָה ְבּ ִל ֻמּIs 8:16
seal up the teaching among my disciples , i.e. keep it securely ( || ;) צוֹרof ’ י׳s
remembrance of offences ָתוּם
ח בְּאוֹצְרֹ ָת֑יDt 32:34 ( || ) ָכּמֻס ִע ָמּדִי, so חָתוּם ִבּצְרוֹר
ְ פּJb 14:17 ( || ַמ ְעיָן חָתוּם ;) וַ ִתּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִיCt 4:12 a fountain sealed up ,
ִשׁעִי
metaph. of chaste woman ( || ִים יַח׳ ;) גַּן ) גַּל ( נָעוּל וּ ְבעַד כּוֹ ָכבJb 9:7 and about the
stars he putteth a seal ( || of forbidding sun to rise).— כנִית ְ אַתָּה חוֹתֵם ָתּEz 28:12 is
obscure: thou wast one sealing proportion , i.e. perfection ,—wast complete perfection,
Ges Sm .; wast a sealer of symmetry v. Da ; wast a seal ( ring )—i.e. ַם חוֹתcstr. —of
proportion Codd. B Hi cf. Ew ; text perhaps corrupt, v. suggestions in Co .—
Dn 9:24a read Qr ֵם ( ְל ָהתv. ) תמם. Jb 33:16 ; 37:7 v. sub 1 . Niph. Pf. 3 ms. [or
Pt. ?] תּ֔ב
ָ וְנֶ ְח ָ ֔תּם נִ ְכEst 3:12 (it was) written and sealed ; ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך ְבּ ַט ַבּעַתInf. abs.
וְנַחְתּוֹםEst 8:8 (continuing pt. ) נִכְָ֣תּבalso + ; ְבּ ַט ַבּעַת הַםּ׳both pass. of Qal 1. Pi.
Pf. 3 pl. ָמוֹ יוֹמָם ִהתְּמוּ־לJb 24:16 lit. by day they seal up for themselves , i.e.
according to most, they shut themselves up, do not shew themselves ( || ;) יָדְעוּ אוֹר לֹא
C has ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἐαυτοι̂ς ( B al. ἑαυτους ), whence Siegf conj.
plausibly ל׳ יָמִים ח׳they seal up the days unto themselves , i.e. daytime is for them
sealed up and unused. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. ִזּוֹבוֹ ְשׂרוֹ מ
ָ אוֹ־ ֶה ְחתִּים בּLv 15:3 or hath his
flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux .
† I. ָם
חֹתS 2368
TWOT 780a
GK 2597
, ָם
חוֹתS 2368 , 2369
TWOT 780a
GK 2597 ,
abs. חֹתָםEx 28:11 + 2 times; חוֹתָםJe 22:24 + 8 times; sf. חֹתָֽ ְמ ָךGn 38:18 ,
חֹתָמוֹ1 K 21:8 ;—on supposed cstr. חוֹתַםv. foregoing;— seal, signet-ring ,
hung by a cord ( ִיל
) ָפּתabout the neck Gn 38:18 ( J ; = חֹ ֶתמֶתv 25 ), or (later?)
worn on (finger of) right hand Je 22:24 , ( Benz Archäol . 106 ); the two customs appar.
combined Ct 8:6 ( ך ָ עַל־ ִל֗ ֶבּ, ;) עַל־זְרוֹ ֶע ָךused to attest a royal missive 1 K 21:8
(instr. of vb. ;) חתםa precious article Hg 2:23 ( sim. of Zerubbabel); ֵי ח׳פִּתּוּח
engravings of a seal , as model for cutting names and inscr. on precious stones and
gold plate Ex 28:11 , 21 , 26 ; 39:6 , 14 , 30 (all P ; v. Benz 258 ff. ); ֶר ח׳
חֹמ
Jb 38:14 = clay of (under) a signet; צ֑ר
ָ ח׳ 41:7 a close signet , i.e. one that is
closely pressed down, sim. of closely joined ( ָגוּר
) סscales of crocodile.
I. חתןTWOT 781
( √ of foll.; prob. circumcise; cf. Arabic circumcise , circumcision,
circumcision-feast ) .
† ֵן חֹתS 2859 TWOT 781a , 781b GK 3162 n. verb. 1. m. wife’s father ( Arabic a
circumciser , hence father-in-law, with ref. to circumcision performed on young men
just before marriage; relation on wife’s side; v. We Prol. 1886, 355 Anm. 1; Skizzen iii, 154
Sta ZAW 1886, 143 Anm. Nö ZMG 1886, 187 ; otherwise Dl Pr 91 Lag BN 116 ) — cstr. ֵן חֹת
Ex 18:1 + 9 times, ךָ ְ חֹ ֶתנEx 18:6 , חֹתְנוֹEx 3:1 + 9 times;—usually of Moses’
wife’s father Ex 3:1 ; 4:18 ; 18:1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 12 ( ×2 ) , 14 , 15 , 17 , 24 ,
27 (all E ), Nu 10:29 ( J ), Ju 1:16 ; 4:11 ; of a Levite Ju 19:4 , 7 , 9 . 2. f.
wife’s mother , only sf. תנְתּוַֹ ֹ חDt 27:23 .
† ָחתָן S 2860
TWOT 781c
GK 3163
n. m. daughter’s husband, bridegroom ( as
one who undergoes circumcision, v. supr. ; NH id. ; Aramaic תנָא ְ ַח, and (also
sister’s husband, etc.); vulg.Ar. daughter’s husband , then more gen. wife’s and
husband’s relations; Sab. ( Liḥyân ) ֿתן חdaughter’s husband DHM Epigr. Denkm. 87 ;
Assyrian ḫatanu , daughter’s husband COT Gloss.
) — abs. ח׳1 S 18:18 + 10
times + Gn 19:12 (where read ך
ָ ֲח ָתנֶי Ol Di ); cstr. ַן
ֲחתEx 4:25 + 4 times;
sf. ֲחתָנוֹ Ju 19:5 ; תנָיו
ָ ֲחGn 19:14 ( ×2 )
;— 1. in relation to a father, daughter’s
husband, or bridegroom Gn 19:12 , 14 ( ָיו
בְּנֹת ) ח׳ לֹ ְקחֵי, v 14 (all J ), Ju
15:6 ; 19:5 1 S 18:18 ; 22:14 Ne 6:18 ; 13:28 ; v. also ְאָב ֲחתַן בֵּית אַח2 K 8:27
son-in-law of the house of Ahab , said of Ahaziah was the daughter of Ahab. 2. in
relation to the bride, bridegroom ִי
ח׳ ָדּמִים אַתָּה לEx 4:25 a bloody bridegroom art
thou to me , cf. v 26 ( J ; on this v. We Prol. 1886, 355
); || ָה
ַכּלּJe 7:34 ; 16:9 ;
25:10 ; 33:11 Jo 2:16 ; in sim. of ’ י׳s work for and delight in his people Is 61:10 ;
62:5 ; of sun ψ 19:6 .
† [ ָה
ֲח ֻתנּS 2861
TWOT 781d
GK 3164
] n. f. marriage, wedding ( NH
חִיתּוּןid.
; Aramaic ִיתּוּנָא
חid. ; Arabic marriage-alliance, marriage ) —only בְּיוֹם ֲח ֻתנָּתוCt
3:11 on the day of his marriage .
†[ ָחתַףS 2862
TWOT 782
GK 3166
] vb. seize, snatch away ( cf. Aramaic Pa.
break in pieces; Arabic death ) — Qal Impf. no obj. expr. ֶנּוּ
ְשׁיב
ִ וּמִי י הֵן יַחְתֹּף Jb
9:12 lo! he seizeth, and who shall repulse back?
† ֶ ֫חתֶף S 2863
TWOT 782a
GK 3167
n. [ m. ] prey —only ֱרֹב
ֶתּא אַף־הִיא ְכּחֶ׳
Pr 23:18 she also lieth in wait as for prey (said of strange woman).
† ָחתַרS 2864
TWOT 783
GK 3168
vb. dig, row ( NH id. , bore (through), so
Aramaic ַר
ֲחת (rare) ) — Qal Pf.
ח׳Jb 24:16 , ָח ַת ְרתִּיEz 12:7 ; Impf. וָ ֶאחְתֹּר
Ez 8:8 ְרוּ יַ ְחתּEz 12:12 Am 9:2 , וַיַּ ְחתְּרוּJon 1:13 ; Imv. ֲחתָר־Ez 8:8 ; 12:5 ;— 1.
dig into houses, c. acc. ִים ָבּתּJb 24:16 (of burglary); sq. ְבּinto or through a wall Ez
8:8 ( ×2 )
( Co del. on intern. grounds), 12:5 , 7 , 12 ; metaph. sq. בשׁאולAm 9:2
dig into Sh ’ôl , i.e. as a refuge. 2. row (as digging into the water) Jon 1:13 .
†[ ָחתַתS 2865
TWOT 784
GK 3169
] vb. be shattered, dismayed ( Assyrian ḫattu
, terror , Dl HWB 296
; Talm . ִית
ִחתּid. ; Ethiopic is scrutari, examinare , v. Di Lex. 105
) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. חַתJe 50:2 ; 3 fs. ַ ֫חתָּהJe 14:4 + 2 times, וָ ָח֑תָּהJe 48:1 ; 3 pl.
ַ ֫חתּוּIs 37:27 + 4 times, ַתּוּ֫ וְחconsec. Is 20:5 + 2 times, וָ ָח֑תּוּconsec. Je 50:36 ;
Impf. ( Kö i . 366 ) ַת יֵחIs 7:8 ; 30:31 , יֵ ַח֑תJb 39:22 , יֵ ָח֑תIs 31:4 , ֵא ַח֫תָּהJe 17:18 ,
יֵ ַח֫תּוּ1 S 2:10 + 3 times—On יֵ ַח֑תּוּJb 21:13 v. ֵתּ ָח֑תּוּ —; נָחַתJos 10:25 + 2 times,
etc.; Imv. וָחֹ֫תּוּIs 8:9 ( ×3 ) ;— 1. be shattered, broken , fig. of nations under divine
judgment Is 7:8 ; 30:31 ; so prob. also Is 8:9 ( ×3 )
(but del. in v a), and perhaps (of י׳
’s foes in gen.) 1 S 2:10 (song;—others render dismayed in all except Is 7:8 ); fig. of י׳
’s righteousness Is 51:6 ( = be abolished, annihilated); lit. of bows Je 51:56 , according
to Gie ’s reading ָה ַחתּv. Pi. 2. be dismayed , usually a. abs. : | יָרֵאDt 1:21 ; 31:8
Jos 8:1 ; 10:25 (all D ), 1 S 17:11 Je 23:4 ; 30:10 ; 46:27 Ez 2:6 ; 3:9 1 Ch 22:13 ;
28:20 2 Ch 20:15 , 17 ; 32:7 ; || בּוֹשׁIs 20:5 ; 37:27 = 2 K 19:26 Je 8:9 ; 17:18 (
×2 )
; 48:1 , 20 , 39 ; 50:2 ( ×2 ) (others assign 48:20 , 39 ; 50:2 ( ×2 ) to 1 ); fig. of the
ground ָה ָה ֲא ָדמ, dismayed for lack of rain Je 14:4 ( || בּוֹשׁof the husband-men); in Je
14:4 read prob. with Du (after וְעֹ ְבדֵי הא׳ חַתּוּ. || ערץJos 1:9 no || Je
) Co Dr
50:36 Ob 9 Jb 32:15 ; 39:22 . b. be dismayed at , sq. ִן מIs 31:4 , 9 ; 51:7 ( || ) יָרֵא
Je 1:17 ; 10:2 ( ×2 )
. Niph. Pf. only 3 ms. פּנֵיְ ְשׁמִי נִחַח וּ ִמMal 2:5 and at my name he
is put in awe ( || ֵא) יָר. Pi. Pf. dismay, scare , 2 ms. sf. ( וְ ִח ַתּ ַ ֫תּנִי ַבחֲלֹמוֹתKö i . 372 )
consec. Jb 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams ( || ֵת ;) ִבּע3 fs. ִח ְתּתָהJe 51:56 (of
bows) is intrans. [inchoat. Ew § 120, 2 d ], Gf . al. , be shattered , but text prob. erron.
Gie ָה ( ַחתּv. Qal 1 ). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. ַהחִתֹּ ָתIs 9:3 ; 1 s. וְ ַה ְח ַתּ ִ ֫תּיJe 49:37 ( Kö i
. 372
); Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְ ִח ֵתּנִיJb 31:34 , sf. 3 fpl. יְחִי ַ ֑תןHb 2:17 ( Kö i . 374 ; but
S Ew Ol Sta We ;) יְ ִח ֶתּ֑ ָך1 s. sf. ֲא ִח ְתּ ָךJe 1:17 ( sq. ) לפניהם.— 1. shatter
c. acc. Is 9:3 . 2. a. cause to be dismayed Je 49:37 sq. פנֵי ְ ִל. b. dismay, terrify , sq.
sf. Jb 31:34 Hb 2:17 .
† I. [ ַת
חS 2844
TWOT 784a , 784b
GK 3145 , 3146
ָ֑
] n. m. Gn 9:2 terror, fear — חת
Jb 41:25 , ֶם
ִח ְתּכGn 9:2 ;— c. sf. as obj. gen., Gn 9:2 terror of you ( || מוֹ ַר ֲאכֶם
); in description of crocodile c. neg., ח֑ת
ָ ִל ְבלִי־ ֶהעָשׂוּ Jb 41:25 one made for
fearlessness .
† II. [ ַת
חS 2844
TWOT 784a , 784b
GK 3145 , 3146
] adj. shattered, dismayed —
mpl. ַחתִּים:— 1. shattered ֶשׁת גִּבֹּרִים ח׳
ֶק 1 S 2:4 (song; on pl. ַחתִּיםv. Dr );
so fig. Ez 32:30 according to Codd. Co ( ִים ַחתּfor MT ) ִחתִּיתָםbroken in
their might , of Sidonians in She’ôl . 2. dismayed Je 46:5 of Egyptians defeated by
Nebuchadrezzar.
† I. ַת
ֲחתS 2866 , 2867
TWOT 784c
GK 3170 , 3171
n. [ m. ] terror —only ִתּרְאוּ ח׳
וַתִּי ָר֑אוּ
Jb 6:21 ( > Baer ְאוּ
ִתּֽירfor ) ִתּרְאוּye see a terror, and fear (note
paronomasia in Heb. ; v. Di ).
† [ ָה
ִחתּS 2847 TWOT 784d GK 3150 ] n. f. terror — עַל־ ֶה ָערִים ִחתַּת אלהים
Gn 35:5 a terror of ( = from) God was upon the cities .
† [ ַת
ַח ְתחS 2849
TWOT 784e
GK 3152
] n. [ m. ] terror , only pl. ַבּ ֶדּ ֶר ְך
ַח ְת ַחתִּים Ec 12:5 terrors are in the way ( || ) ירא.
ִחתִּית S 2851
TWOT 784f
GK 3154
n. f. terror , only Ezek.; abs. ח׳ Ez 32:23 ,
but Co reads ָם
( ִחתִּיתwith and v 24 , 26 ); cstr. id. 32:27 ; sf. חתיתו
32:32 Kt ( > ִי
ִחתִּיתQr ); ִחתִּיתָם32:24 + 2 times + 26:17 (read ָהּ
ִחתִּית, with
Ew Co , see VB , 32:30 (read ִים ַחתּ, v. II. —;) חתterror , caused by
powerful cities, nations, kings, etc.: usually c. sf. as obj. genit. Ez 26:17 (of
Tyre); elsewhere only Ez 32 : v 27 ( ִים ח׳ גִּבּוֹר, S Co ) ח׳ גבור תם, v 30 (
ִחתִּיתָם, but read ַחתִּים, v. supr. ); especially in phr. בארץ ַחיִּים נָתַן ח׳cause
one’s terror (terror of oneself) in the land of the living v 23 , 24 , 25 ( del.
Co ), v 26 , 32 .— ִית
ִחתּEz 16:3 , 45 v. ִחתִּיsub חֵת supr. p. 366 .
חֵת S 2845
TWOT 776
GK 3147
, ִי
ִחתּS 2850
TWOT 776a
GK 3153
v. supr. p. 366
.
ט
ט, Ṭêth , ninth letter; = numeral 9 in postB Heb. ; ́ = ט׳ו15 (9 + 6), ́ = ט׳ז16 (9 +
7), to avoid ́ י׳הand ́ י׳ו, v. י, Ges § 5. 4, R. 3
Nes ZAW 1884, 249
.
†[ טֵאטֵאS 2894
TWOT 785
GK 3173
וִטֵאטֵאתִי ָה
] vb. Pilpēl , only Pf. 1 s. sf.
ַשׁמֵדְ ְבּ ַמ ְט ֲאטֵא הIs 14:23 and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction , of ’ י׳s
laying Babylon waste. ( Form of √ dub. ; ́ ע׳וOl § 253 ; ́ ע׳עSta § 464 ; undecided Kö i
652 ff.
( q.v. ), cf. Ew § 121 b . )
† ֵל טָֽ ְבאS 2870 GK 3175 n.pr. m. ( Aramaic; = God is good , v. ; טוֹב
according to Wkl ( v. infr. ) God is wise , cf. Aramaic , Ethiopic be wise; Arabic
act as physician , expert ) —Persian officer in Samaria Ezr 4:7 , Ταβεηλ .
† טָֽבְאַ֑ל S 2870
GK 3174
n.pr. m. ( appar. pointed to mean good-for-nothing (
אַלas neg.) v. De Di Du Sta Gesch. i. 590
, orig. ֵל
; טָֽ ְבאOl § 91 d Kö ii , 537 al.
think אַל ֑ - simply pausal form ) —Aramean, whose son Peḳaḫ and Reṣin proposed to
make king of Jerus. in place of Ahaz; only ְאַל ֑ בֶּן־מָֽבIs 7:6 ( Wkl Alttest. Untersuch.
1892, 74
identif. with Reṣin , comparing ִמֹּן
ַט ְברfather of Benhadad).
†[ ָטבַחS 2873
TWOT 786
GK 3180
] vb. slaughter, butcher, slay ( NH id. (rare)
and deriv.; Ph. טבח pt. ; Assyrian ṭabâḫu Asrb. Annals iii. 56
; Aramaic , ַח
( ְטבrare) and
deriv.; Arabic cook meat, also bake bread; Ethiopic slay ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. וּ ְטבָחוֹ
consec. Ex 21:37 ; 3 fs. טָֽ ְבחָה Pr 9:2 ; 2 ms. ָט ַב ְח ָתּ La 2:21 ; 1 s. ִי
ָט ַב ְחתּ1 S
25:11 ; Imv. וּטְבֹ ַח Gn 43:16 ; Inf. cstr. טְבֹ ַח Ez 21:15 ; ח
ַ ִלטְבֿוֹψ 37:14 + 3 times
Wkl H. Winckler.
Alttest. alttestametliche(r,s) .
(so Baer; van d. H ח ֑ ִלטJe 51:40 ); Pt. pass. טָבוּ ַחDt 28:31 ;— 1.
ַ ִלטֽבּוֹ, except ְבוֹ ַח
slaughter, butcher animals for food Ex 21:37 ( E ), Pr 9:2 ( fig. of Wisdom’s
furnishing her table); so c. acc. cogn. ַח ט׳ ֶטבGn 43:16 ( J ), ט׳ ִט ְבחָה1 S 25:11 ;
cf. also Dt 28:31 , where punishment lies in fact that the owner does not eat of the slain
ox; ֶשׂב אַלּוּףֶ יוּבַל ִלטְבֿ֑וֹ ַח ְכּכJe 11:19 like a mild lamb that is led to slaughter , sim.
of the prophet exposed to his enemies, 51:40 sim. of ’ י׳s vengeance upon Babylon ( v.
also ַח
ֶטב, ) ִט ְבחָה, 25:34 of kings and rulers, under fig. of shepherds & choice sheep.
2. poet. & fig. , slay, kill ruthlessly , c. acc. pers. ψ 37:14 ; abs. La 2:21 ( || ַג
; ָהר
opp. ;) חמלc. acc. cogn. ט׳ ֶטבַח Ez 21:15 of a sword sharpened for the slaughter of
Isr. in judgment.
ֶ ֫טבS
† I. ַח 2874 , 2875
TWOT 786a
GK 3181 , 3182 , 3183
n. m. Is 34:6 slaughtering,
† [ ָה
ַט ָבּחS 2879
TWOT 786d
GK 3185
] n. f. female cook ;—only pl. abs.
ַטבָּחוֹת 1 S 8:13 ( + ָחוֹת
ַרקּperfumers and אֹפוֹתbakers , all as menials).
† I. ָטבַלS 2881
TWOT 787
GK 3188
Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נִ ְטבְּלוּ Jos 3:15 be dipped ,
ְבּof water. vb. dip ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַל
ְטבdip, bathe; cf. perhaps Arabic saturavit
tinctura vestem, Frey ) — Qal Pf. וְ ָטבַל consec. Lv 4:6 + 5 times; תּ
ְ וְ ָט ַב ְלconsec.
Ru 2:14 ; ֶם
וּ ְט ַב ְלתּconsec. Ex 12:22 ; Impf. וַיִּטְבֹּל Lv 9:9 + 3 times; 2 ms. sf.
ִתּ ְט ְבּ ֵלנִי
Jb 9:31 ; ְלוּ
וַיִּ ְטבּGn 37:31 ;— dip: 1. trans. , dip a thing in , c. acc. rei + ְבּ:
in blood Gn 37:31 ( J ), so especially in connexion with sacrifices Lv 4:6 ; 9:9 ; 14:6 ,
51 (also in fresh water); in water, for purification Nu 19:18 (all P ); of dipping rod in
honey 1 S 14:27 , bread in vinegar Ru 2:14 , foot in oil Dt 33:24 (poem); ַת ַשּׁח
ַבּ
ִתּ ְט ְבּ ֵלנִי Jb 9:31 in the ditch dost thou dip me; acc. omitted Ex 12:22 (JE; in blood), 2
K 8:15 (in water); but also + ִן
= מmoisten with, with some of Lv 4:17 (blood), 14:16
(oil). 2. intrans. , dip ( oneself ), sq. ְבּ, 2 K 5:14 in Jordan ( || בּ
ְ ָרחַץ v 10 , 12 ). Ni.
† [ ְבוּל
טS 2871
TWOT 788a
GK 3178
] n. m. turban ( v. Sim in Thes Rob
Ges Dl l.c.
) —only ְרֹאשׁיהֶם
ֵ סְרוּחֵי טְבוּלִים בּ Ez 23:15 extended in respect to
turbans on their heads = with pendant turbans ( Dl SS , cf. Da ) > Hi - Sm who
comp. Arabic dye ( v. I. ) טבל.
† ָטבַעS 2883
TWOT 789
GK 3190
vb. sink, sink down ( NH id. ; Aramaic , ַע
ְטב
; Ph. טבעcoin; Assyrian ṭebû , sink in , ṭabbî’u , diver (water-fowl) etc., v. Muss-
Arnolt JBL xi, 1892, 170 Dl HWB ; Arabic seal, stamp, imprint; Ethiopic dip ) — Qal Pf.
ָט ַב ְעתִּיψ 69:3 ; טָֽבְעוּψ 9:16 La 2:9 ; Impf. וַיִּ ְטבַּעJe 38:6 ; וַ ִתּ ְטבַּע1 S 17:49 ;
ֶא ְט ָ ֑בּעָהψ 69:15 ;— sink, sink down , intrans. , c. ; ְבּ1 S 17:49 (stone into Goliath’s
forehead); Je 38:6 ( Jerem in mire of dungeon); La 2:9 (gates of Jerus. into ground);
metaph. of distress; ψ 69:3 ָה
; ם׳בִיוֵן מְצוּל69:15 ( || ;) הצילני ִמטִּיטnations into the
pit ( ַת
ַשּׁח
ַ ) בּ9:16 . Pu. Pf. ֻטבְּעוּbe sunk Ex 15:4 (poem) of Egyptians drowned
ְבּיַם־סוּף. Hoph. Pf. ָה ְטבְּעוּbe sunk בַבֹּץin the mire , of feet, metaph. of
entanglements and difficulties Je 38:22 ; בּ֑עוָּ ָה ְט, of pedestals ( ) ֲא ָדנִיםof the earth, as
settled, planted ַל
עJb 38:6 ( || ;) ירה ִפּנָּהabs. of mountains Pr 8:25 .
Lag BN 88
; Assyrian ṭimbu’u, seal-ring , Muss-Arnolt l.c.
) — abs. ַט ַבּעַת Ex 26:24
+ 3 times; cstr. id. Est 3:12 + 3 times; ְתּוֹ
ַט ַבּעGn 41:42 + 2 times; pl. abs.
ַטבָּעוֹת Is 3:21 Ex 28:23 ; ָעֹת
ַטבּEx 25:12 ( ×2 )
+ 14 times; cstr. ַטבְּעוֹת Ex
28:23 + 2 times; ְעֹת
ַטבּEx 25:12 + 12 times; sf. ַטבְּעֹ ָת֯ו Ex 28:28 ; 39:21 ;
ַטבְּעֹתֵיהֶםEx 26:29 ; ַטבְּעֹתָם36:34 ;— 1. signet-ring , of king, taken from his
hand and given as token of authority Gn 41:42 ( E ), Est 3:10 ; 8:2 ; used in sealing
official missives Est 3:12 ; 8 ( ×2 ) , 10 ( vb. ַם) ָחת. 2. ring , as ornament Is 3:21 ;
as gift for sacred purposes Ex 35:22 Nu 31:50 (both P ). 3. most often (only in Ex.)
of rings for staves of ark, for curtains, for ephod, and other sacred furniture Ex 25:12
( ×3 )
+ 35 times in Ex (all P ).
טברTWOT 790
( √ of foll.; meaning dubious ) .
† טַבּוּר S 2872
TWOT 790a
GK 3179
n. [ m. ] highest part, centre ( according to
B navel , so NH id. , and טִיבּוּר, Aramaic טִיבּוּרָא, ִהנֵּה עָם — ) טִיבּוּ ְריָא
יֹ ְרדִים ֵמעִם טַבּוּר הארץJu 9:37 behold people descending from the highest part
of the land; ַבּוּר הארץ ישׁבֵי עַל־ט
ְ Ez 38:12 those dwelling upon the navel of the
earth , i.e. upon the mountainous country of Israel, central and prominent in the earth.
† טֵב֑ת n.pr. 10th month = Dec.–Jan., Est 2:16 ( Nab. טבת Eut No. 3
Palm.
id. , Vog No. 66
; loan-word from Assyrian Ṭêbêtum , Schr COT
on Ne 1:1 , Hpt E
Vowel 10
, Jen ZA iv (1889) 272 f.
, √ perhaps ṭebû = טבעv. especially Hpt l.c. , Muss-
Arnolt JBL xi, 1892, 170
, month of sinking in = muddy month ) .
† ָטהֵרS 2891
TWOT 792
GK 3197
vb. be clean, pure ( Arabic id. ; NH id. , Pi.
make or declare ceremonially clean; Aramaic ַר
ְטהemptiness , טִי ֲהרָאbrightness; Sab.
טהר Hal 682
; Ethiopic purify, wash oneself with water ) — Qal Pf. ט׳ Lv 11:32 + 12
times; 3 fs. טָֽ ֲהרָה ָט ֵה֑רLv 12:8 etc., + 5 times Pf. ; Impf.
Lv 12:7 ; 15:28 ; ָה יִ ְטהַר
Lv 15:13 Jb 4:17 etc., + 9 times Impf. ; Imv. ה֑ר ָ ְט2 K 5:10 , 13 ;— 1. be clean ,
i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan 2 K 5:10 , 12 , 13 , 14 .
2. be clean ceremonially (only H P ), Lv 15:13 , 28 ( ×2 ) ( P ), 22:4 ( H ); by washing
with water, the flesh Lv 22:7 ( H ); garments Lv 13:6 , 34 , 58 Nu 31:24 (all P );
both flesh and garments Lv 17:5 ( H ), 14:8 , 9 ; 15:13 Nu 19:19 (all P ); other
articles Lv 11:32 ( P ); passing things through the fire Nu 31:23 ( P ); offering sin-
offerings Lv 12:7 , 8 ; 14:20 ( P ); by the ceremony of the two birds Lv 14:53 ( P ); by
ashes of red heifer Nu 19:12 ( ×2 ) ( P ). 3. be clean morally , of people, made clean by י׳
’s scattering clean water upon them Ez 36:25 ; of Jerus. , specif. made clean from
idolatry, under fig. of adultery Je 13:27 ; also sq. ִן מEz 24:13 ( ×2 ) (purification by י׳
); made clean ֶם
ִמכָּל־חַטֹּאתֵיכLv 16:30 ( P ; by the sin-offering of the atonement day);
also of the individual, be clean ָאוֹת
ֵמ ַחטּPr 20:9 ( || ;) זכהbecome clean by use of
;) אַ ְלבּmore generally ֵעשֹׁהוּ יִ ְטהַר־גָּ֑בֶר
hyssop ψ 51:9 ( || ִין ֵ אִם־מJb 4:17 shall a
֑ ָ ) יִ ְצ. Pi. Pf.
man be more pure than his maker? ( || דּק ִטהַר Lv 13:3 + 4 times; sf.
ִטהֲרוֹ Lv 13:6 + 5 times; 2 ms. ִט ַה ְר ָתּ Nu 8:6 , 15 etc. + 7 times Pf. ; Impf. יְ ַטהֵר 2
Ch 34:5 etc. + 4 times Impf. ; Imv. sf. ַט ֲה ֵרנִי ψ 51:4 ; Inf. cstr. ַטהֵר Ez 39:12 +
5 times; sf. ִי ַט ֲהרEz 36:33 etc. + 4 times Inf. ; Pt. ְמ ַטחֵרLv 14:11 Mal 3:3 ;—
chiefly P ; 1. cleanse, purify: a. physically , metals from dross Mal 3:3 ; land from
corpses Ez 39:12 , 14 , 16 ; heavens from clouds Jb 37:21 ; temple from unclean things
2 Ch 29:15 , 16 , 18 ; land and city from Asherim and images 2 Ch 34:3 , 5 , 8 ; store-
chambers of temple from household stuff Ne 13:9 ; priesthood by exclusion of alien
blood Ne 13:30 . b. ceremonially , the altar of incense by the blood of the annual sin-
offering Lv 16:19 ( P ); the people, gates, and wall (by some undefined ceremony) Ne
12:30 ; the altar of the court by the blood of sin-offerings Ez 43:26 ; of consecration of
Levites by ֵי חטאת מNu 8:6 , 7 ( P ), and חטאתNu 8:15 , 21 ( P ). c. morally Lv
16:30 ( P ), Ez 37:23 Mal 3:3 ; ָאֹת
ֵמ ַחטּψ 51:4 ; ) מֵעונ(ותJe 33:8 Ez 36:33 ;
מִטּמא(ו)ת Ez 24:13 ; 36:25 . 2. pronounce clean , ceremonially Lv 13:6 , 13 , 17 , 23
, 28 , 34 , 37 , 59 ; 14:7 , 48 (all P ). 3. perform the ceremony of cleansing Lv 14:11
( P ). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. ַר טֹה1 S 20:26 (so read for MT טהור We Dr , he is not
clean, because he hath not been cleansed ); Pt. מְטֹ ָהרָה ֶארֶץ לֹאa land not cleansed
Ez 22:24 (but Hi Ew Co SS read a land not rained upon , v. ) מטר. Hithp. Pf.
ִהטָּֽהEzr 6:20 ; ( ִה ֶטּ ָ ֑הרוּKö i 271 ) 2 Ch 30:18 ; Nu 8:7 ; 1 pl. ִה ַטּ ַהרְנוּJos
3 pl. ֲרוּ
22:17 ; Impf. ֲרוּ יִטָּֽהNe 12:30 ; Imv. ִהטָּֽהֲרוּGn 35:2 ; Pt. ִמ ַטּהֵרLv 14:7 + 11
times; pl. ִים
ִמ ַטּ ֲהרNe 13:22 Is 66:17 ;—reflexive: 1. purify oneself: a. ceremonially,
especially in preparation for sacred duties Gn 35:2 ( R ), Nu 8:7 2 Ch 30:18 Ezr 6:20
Ne 13:22 ; also for heathen mysteries Is 66:17 ; of purifying priests, people, and wall
Ne 12:30 ( cf. Pi. 1 b ). b. morally Jos 22:17 ( P ). 2. present oneself for purification ,
only pt. ֵר ַה ִמּ ַטּהthe candidate for purificaion Lv 14:4 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 ,
25 , 28 , 29 , 31 ( P ).
† ֫
טֹהַר S 2892
TWOT 792a
GK 3198
n. [ m. ] purity, purifying — 1. purity ,
† [ ָר
( ] ֳטהv. Ges § 10. 2. B
), or [ ָר
( ] ְטהOl § 173 b
Bö § 386
) n. [ m. ] clearness,
lustre ( dub. word; sub ַר
טֹהHup Pe SS ; so Thes , reading — ) ִמ ָטּהֳרוֹonly
ִשׁ ַבּ ָתּ ִמ ֳטּהָרוֹ
ְ הψ 89:45 ; De Hup Pe Sch thou hast made (him) to cease from his
lustre; S B made his lustre to cease , so AE Ki al. reading n. ָרוֹ ִמ ְטהor
( ִמ ְטּהָרוֹD . f. according to Ges § 20. 2. 2 b
), and Schr SK 1868, 642
who reads ָה ִשׁ ַבּתּ
ְה
; ְטהָרוֹGr proposes עטרתוֹhis crown; Bae ַמטֶּה ִמיָּדוֹsceptre from his hand .
Pfs. Perfects.
( cf. v 15 ); ֶל־
א טוֹב 1 S 20:12 there is good toward David. 8. be pleasing ֵינֵי
ְבּע טוֹב
( v. II. טוֹב2 b c f ) Nu 24:1 ( J ) 2 S 3:19 , 36 ; 15:26 ; 19:38 ; ֵינֵי
ְבּע אִם טוֹב 1K
21:2 Je 40:4 Zc 11:12 ; later usage is ַל אִם טוֹב עif it seem good unto (so Assyrian
ṭâbu eli, be pleasing unto , Dl HWB 300 a
), 1 Ch 13:2 Ne 2:5 , 7 Est 1:19 ; 3:9 ; 5:4 ,
8 ; 7:3 ; 8:5 ; 9:13 ( cf. טוֹבadj. ). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. ת ָ ֱהטִיבוֹ2 Ch 6:8 , ֱהטִיבֹ ָת1 K
8:18 2 K 10:30 ;— do well, act right , sq. כִּיthat 1 K 8:18 thou didst well, that it was
in thine heart = 2 Ch 6:8 ; sq. inf. c. ְל 2 K 10:30 thou hast done well in
performing what was right in mine eyes .
† טוּב S 2898
TWOT 793b
GK 3206
n. m. Jb 20:21 good things, goods, goodness
;— ט׳Gn 24:10 + 17 times; sf. טוּבִיEx 33:19 Je 31:14 ; טוּ ְב ָךψ 25:7 + 4
times; טוּבוֹHo 3:5 + 2times; ָהּ
טוּבNe 9:36 Je 2:7 ; טוּבָםJb 21:16 ;—not inH
P Chr Ez or postex. proph.— 1. good things , coll. , produce of the land to be eaten
Gn 45:18 , 20 , 23 ( E ), Is 1:19 Je 2:7 Ezr 9:12 Ne 9:35 , 36 , to be enjoyed;
good things of י׳as given by him Ho 3:5 Je 31:12 , 14 ψ 27:13 ; of house of י׳ψ
65:5 , fig. of spiritual blessings. 2. goods, property Gn 24:10 ( J ), Dt 6:11 2 K
8:9 Ne 9:25 . 3. abstr. : a. fairness, beauty , of neck of heifer Ho 10:11 ; of people
of י׳Zc 9:17 ; of י׳himself Ex 33:19 (JE). b. ) טוּב לב(בjoy of heart Dt 28:47 Is
65:14 ( v. I. טוֹב2 , II. ט׳7 ). c. prosperity Jb 20:21 ; 21:16 ; of Jerusalem ψ 128:5
; ִים
בְּטוּב ַצדִּיקPr 11:10 in the prosperity of the righteous the city rejoiceth. d.
goodness of taste, discernment ψ 119:66 . 4. abstr. , goodness of God: a. in
bestowing good things Ne 9:25 . b. in the salvation of his people Is 63:7 ψ 25:7 ;
145:7 . c. stored up for his saints ψ 31:20 .
† טוֹבָה S 2896
TWOT 793a , 793c
GK 3208
n. f. welfare, benefit, good things,
good ;— abs. ט׳ Dt 28:11 + 54 times; cstr. טוֹבַתψ 106:5 ; sf. טוֹ ָבתִיψ 16:2
etc. + 4 times sfs. ; pl. טוֹבוֹתJe 12:6 ; טֹבוֹת2 K 25:28 Je 52:32 ; sf. ָיו טוֹבֹת
Ne 6:19 ;— 1. welfare, prosperity, happiness: || שׁלוםDt 23:7 Je 33:9 Ezr 9:12
La 3:17 ; יוֹם טובהEc 7:14 day of prosperity; ך ָ טוֹ ָבתִי בַּל־ ָעלֶיψ 16:2 is not my
welfare dependent upon thee? ך ט׳ ָ תְּבוֹ ֽאָ ְתJb 22:21 prosperity shall come to thee;
לטובהGn 50:20 ( E ), Dt 28:11 ; 30:9 2 Ch 18:7 Je 14:11 ; לרעה ולא לטובה
Am 9:4 Je 21:10 ; 39:16 ; 44:27 ; obj. of vb. בקּשׁNe 2:10 ; הביאJe 32:42 ;
ראהJb 9:25 Ec 5:17 ; 6:6 ; אבּדEc 9:18 ; ראה בט׳ψ 106:5 ; חסר מט׳Ec 4:8 ;
obj. of אכלfig. Jb 21:25 = taste happiness; of שׂבעEc 6:3 ; after נחם עלJe
18:10 . 2. good things ( coll. ): a. of good words, obj. of דבּר1 S 25:30 2 S 7:28
= 1 Ch 17:26 , Je 18:20 ; pl. דבּר טובותJe 12:6 ; 52:32 = 2 K 25:28 . b. of
material possessions ברבות הט׳Ec 5:10 when good things increase . 3. bounty,
good ךָ ְשׁנַת טוֹ ָב ֶ ֑חψ 65:12 year of thy bounty (harvest bestowed by God), so also
טובתךψ 68:11 ; (ה)ט׳ עשׂהEx 18:9 ( E ), Nu 24:13 (JE), Ju 8:35 ; 9:16 1 S
24:19 2 S 2:6 1 K 8:66 = 2 Ch 7:10 , 2 Ch 24:16 Je 33:9 ; obj. of גמל1 S
24:18 ; שׁלּם1 S 24:20 ; טובה רעה תחתGn 44:4 ( J ), 1 S 25:21 ψ 35:12 ;
38:21 ; 109:5 Pr 17:13 Je 18:20 ; ט׳ תחת קללה2 S 16:12 ; זכר לי לט׳
remember it for me for good Ne 5:19 ; 13:31 ; לטובהEzr 8:22 Ne 2:18 Je 24:5 ,
6 ψ 86:17 ; pl. ָיו
טוֹבֹתNe 6:19 his benefits (i.e. good deeds of Tobiah).
†[ ָטוָהS 2901
TWOT 794
GK 3211
] vb. spin ( NH id. ; Aramaic ָא
ַמ ְטוַוְיְתspider
Jb 8:14 (but Syriac = roast, broil , v. Dr JPh. xi, 1882, 207
); Assyrian ṭamû (ṭawû) ,
spin , Hpt ZA 1887, 274
Dl HWB 302
; Arabic fold, wind; Ethiopic be twisted ) — Qal Pf. 3
pl. ָווּ
טwork of women of Isr. Ex 35:25 abs. , v 26 sq. acc. אֶת־ ָה ִעזִּיםgoats , i.e.
goats’ hair ( P ).
† טוֶה
ְ ַמS 4299
TWOT 794a
GK 4757
n. [ m. ] that which is spun, yarn , Ex
35:25 ( P ).
†[ טוּ ַח S 2902 TWOT 795 GK 3212 ] vb. over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear (
NH id. ; Aramaic id. ; cf. Arabic re foeda contaminatus fuit , or contaminavit ; camel
smeared with tar ) ;— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ָח וְטconsec. Lv 14:42 (on טַחIs 44:18 v.
;) טחח3 pl. טָחוּEz 22:28 ; ַט ְחתֶּםEz 13:12 , 14 ; Inf. cstr. לָטוּ ַח1 Ch 29:4 ; Pt.
pl. ִים
ָטחEz 13:10 + 2 times; cstr. ָטחֵיEz 13:11 ; only P Ez Ch;— over-spread, coat
( c. acc. of house) with earth (clay, פר
ָ ) ָעLv 14:42 ; over-lay (walls with gold and
silver) c. acc. of wall 1 Ch 29:4 ; metaph. of coating over Jerusalem, under fig. of a
wall, with a superficial coating, to hide its real weakness Ez 13:15 ( acc. of wall), v
12 c. acc. of coating ( ח ַ ;) טִיwith ( ָתּפֵלq.v. ) v 11 ; c. 2 acc. v 10 , 14 , 15 ;
cf. ָתּפֵל וּנְבִיאֶי ָה טָחוּ להם Ez 22:28 where sf. ref. to oppressive nobles, i.e. the
prophets ‘whitewash’ for them (their evil deeds). Niph. Inf. cstr. הִטּוֹ ַחbe coated (with
) עפר Lv 14:43 ; and, fully, את־הבית הִטֹּ ַח 14:48 (both P ).
† טֻחוֹת S 2910
TWOT 795b
GK 3219
n. f. pl. inward parts ( as covered over ,
concealed ) — ֻחוֹת
טof seat of faithfulness, בַּטּ׳ ֱאמֶת ָח ַפ ְצ ָתּψ 51:8 faithfulness
thou desirest in the inward parts , i.e. in the heart ( || ֻם ;) ָסתof seat of wisdom מִי
ָשׁת בַּטּ׳ ָח ְכמָהJb 38:36 ( || ֶשׂ ְכוִיq.v. ); from context this can hardly = heart of
man (kidneys, ‘reins,’ , Jewish interpr., v. NHWB ii, 144 al. ), but is rather
cloud-layers (as dark, hidden spaces, v. Di VB ); their ‘wisdom’ appears in their
obedience to natural law.
† טִיט S 2916
TWOT 796a
GK 3226
n. m. mud, mire, clay ( NH id. ; Assyrian
ṭîṭu , id. , Flood Tabl. iii, 10. 25 ) — abs. טִיט
Jb 41:22 + 6 times; cstr. id. Mi 7:10 +
5 times;— 1. mud, mire of streets (always in sim. of contempt, ignominious
treatment) ט׳ חוּצוֹתMi 7:10 ψ 18:43 = 2 S 22:43 , Zc 9:3 ; 10:5 ; of Jeremiah’s
dungeon Je 38:6 ( ×2 ) ; of mire in which crocodile lies Jb 41:22 ; cast up by sea Is
57:20 ( || ֶשׁ
;) ֶרפof a bog ( fig. of distress) ψ 69:15 and ט׳ ַהיָּוֵןψ 40:3 . 2. poet. of
potter’s clay ( || ֶר
) חֹמIs 41:25 , brick- clay ( || id. ) Na 3:14 .
טוֹטָפֹת S 2903
TWOT 804a
GK 3213
, ָפֹת
טֹטv. טטף.
[ טוּלS 2904
TWOT 797
GK 3214
] vb. Pilp. etc., hurl, cast ( Arabic be extended,
elongated; v. Hom NS 87
who comp. Assyrian tâlu , Aramaic , טיֵּל
ַ all walk about ( cf.
spatiari , from spatium ); Ethiopic hang loosely , expand ) — Pilp. Pt. ַט ְל ֵטלָה גָ֑בֶר
ְמ ַט ְל ֶט ְל ָךIs 22:17 hurleth thee violently. Hiph. Pf. ֵהטִילJon 1:4 ; וְ ֵה ַט ְל ִתּ֫יJe 16:13 ;
22:26 ; Impf. ֶל וַיָּ֫ט1 S 18:11 (but v. infr. ), 20:33 ; ֲאטִי ֶל֑ ָךEz 32:4 ( Co om.)
וַיָּ ִט֫לוּJon 1:5 ; וַיְ ִטלֻהוּJon 1:15 ; cast, cast out , of casting a javelin ( ) ֲחנִית1 S 18:11
(but read here וַיִּטֹּל, √ נטל, and took up , so Th We Kp Kit , v. also Dr
); 20:33 sq. עלpers. aimed at; Jonah אֶל־ ַהיָּםJon 1:12 , 15 ; also the cargo ֵכּלִים
1:5 ; fig. of י׳casting Pharaoh על־פני השׂדהEz 32:4 ( Co del. v. supr. ; ||
ַשׁתִּי ָך בָאָרֶץ
ְ ;) וּנְטhurl (send violently), of י׳sending furious wind Jon 1:4 ; fig. of
hurling king of Judah, etc. into exile Je 16:3 sq. acc. + מעלof land from which, and
עלof that to which; Je 22:26 c. acc. + עלof land to which. Hoph. Pf. הוּטֲלוּJe
22:28 ; Impf. ַל יוּטPr 16:33 ; יוּ ָט֑לψ 37:24 ; יֻטָֿ֑לJb 41:1 ;— 1. be hurled , e.g. into
exile Je 22:28 ( || ְכוּ ְ ;) הhurled down, headlong , כִּי יִפֹּל לֹא יוּ ָט֑לψ 37:24 when
ֻשׁל
he falls he shall not be hurled headlong ( fig. of a good man); ָֿל ֑ יֻטJb 41:1 be
overwhelmed , at sight of the crocodile. 2. of inanimate thing, be cast, thrown , the lot
ַבּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶת־הַגּוֹרָלPr 16:33 .
† ָה ַט ְל ֵטלS 2925 TWOT 797a GK 3232 n. f. a hurling , Is 22:17 , v. supr. Pilp.
, lit. hurleth thee with a hurling , O man; read perh. ( Du ), with a diff. word-division,
( ַהגֶּבֶר ַט ְלטֵלinf. abs. )
† [ ָה
טִירS 2918
TWOT 798b
GK 3227
] n. f. encampment, battlement ( from
idea of surrounding , enclosure; Syriac sheepfold , ἔπαυλις ) — cstr. טִירַת Ct 8:9 ;
טִי ָרתָםψ 69:26 ; pl. טִירוֹתEz 46:23 ; sf. טִירֹתָםNu 31:10 Gn 25:16 ;
טִירוֹתָם1 Ch 6:39 ; טִירוֹתֵיהֶםEz 25:4 ;— 1. encampment , especially of circular
Kp A. F. Kirkpatrick.
encampment of nomad tribes, mentioned with חצרGn 25:16 ; with עריםNu 31:10
, Ez 25:4 ( || ִשׁכניהם
;) מencampment (poet.) = habitation ψ 69:26 ( || ;) אהליהם
more gen., 1 Ch 6:39 ( || ) מושׁבות. 2. in metaph. ט׳ ָכּ֑סֶף Ct 8:9 a battlement of
silver . 3. row of stones, only pl. טִירוֹת Ez 46:23 , virtually pl. of טוּר1, q.v.
†[ טוּשׂS 2907
TWOT 799
GK 3216
] vb. rush, dart ( Aramaic , טוּםfly ) —only
Qal Impf. ֑ ֶשׁר יָטוּשׂ ֲעלֵי
אֹכֶל ֶ ְכּנ
Jb 9:26 like a vulture , which rusheth upon its food (
sim. of swiftly passing days of Job’s life).
†[ ָטחָהS 2909
TWOT 800
GK 3217
] vb. hurl, shoot ( NH id. ; Arabic spread,
extend, carry far with , e.g. a ball Lane 1832c
) — Pa lēl Pt. ( Ges
§ 75 R. 18
) pl. cstr.
ֶשׁת
ֶ ַה ְרחֵק ִכּ ְמ ַט ֲחוֵי ק Gn 21:16 ( E ), lit. making distant like shooters of a bow = about
a bowshot off .
†[ ָטחַחS 2902
TWOT 795 , 801
GK 3220
] vb. be besmeared —only Qal Pf. 3 ms.
טַח ֵמרְאוֹת עֵינֵיהֶם Is 44:18 their eyes have been besmeared so that they do not see , v.
Di Du , and on sg. c. subj. pl. Ges § 145, 7 a
; others regard ַח
טas metaplastic
pointing for ָח
ט, from טוח, v. Sta § 385 d
.
†[ ָטחַןS 2912
TWOT 802
GK 3221
] vb. grind ( NH crush , olives, etc.; Aramaic ,
ְטחַןgrind; Arabic grind; Ethiopic polenta, farina hordacea ) — Qal Pf. וְטָֽחֲנוּNu
11:8 ; Impf. ַן וַיִּ ְטחEx 32:20 ; 3 fs. ִתּ ְטחַןJb 31:10 ; 2 mpl. ִתּ ְט ָח֑נוּIs 3:15 ; Inf.
abs. ָחוֹן טDt 9:21 ; Imv. fs. ַט ֲחנִיIs 47:2 ; Pt. טוֹחֵןJu 16:21 ; טֹחֲנוֹתEc 12:3 ;—
grind , the work of women, c. acc. , with millstones חיִם ַ ֵרNu 11:8 (JE; obj. the
manna), Is 47:2 ( obj. ַח ) ָ ֑קמ, this fig. of humiliation of Babylon; abs. Ju 16:21 ;
תטחן לאחר אשׁתי Jb 31:10 , i.e. serve him as his slave; no obj. expr. Ex 32:20 ( E ),
Dt 9:21 (of golden calf); ֲנוֹת
הַטֹּחEc 12:3 = the teeth ( cf. Arabic molar teeth; so in
Lexx Syriac ); ט׳ ְפּנֵי ֲענִיִּים Is 3:15 the face of the poor ye grind , fig. of extreme
oppression.
† טְחוֹן S 2911
TWOT 802a
GK 3218
n. [ m. ] grinding-mill, hand-mill ; only
֑ ָ בַּחוּרִים ט׳ נ
ָשׂאוּ La 5:13 the young men have borne the mill (i.e. been compelled to
bear it).
† ָה ַט ֲחנS 2913 TWOT 802b GK 3222 n. f. mill = foregoing, הַטּ׳ ִשׁפַל קוֹל
ְבּ Ec
12:4 when the sound of the mill is low ( cf. v 3 , sub vb. supr. )
טחרTWOT 803
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic eject; Aramaic ַר
ְטח, strain at stool ,
dysentery ) .
† [ ְחוֹר
טS 2914
TWOT 803a
GK 3224
] n. m. 1 S 6:4 only pl. tumours , result
of dysentery ( v. Aramaic √ ) ( so Aramaic ריָּא
ַ טְחוֹ, ) —chiefly Qr for Kt עפלים
, ֵי
עפל, hemorrhoids: viz. טְחֹרִיםDt 28:27 1 S 5:6 , 9 , 12 ; זָהָב טְחֹרֵי6:4 ;
ַצ ְלמֵי טְחֹרֵיכֶם 6:5 ; twice it has found its way into the Kt טְחֹרֵי ַהזָּהָב6:17 ,
ַצ ְלמֵי טְחֹרֵיהֶם 6:11 ; We Sam. 27 n.
, cf. Gei Urschrift 408 f.
† טוֹטָפוֹת S 2903
TWOT 804a
GK 3213
n. f. pl. bands ( NH ; טוֹ ֶטפֶתAramaic
טוֹ ֶט ְפתָּא, and especially pl. טוטפיןid. ) —always bands, frontlet-bands, between
the eyes ( || ; אוֹת על ידcf. ך ָ זִכָּרוֹן בֵּין עֵינֶיEx 13:9 || id. ); fig. of dedication of
firstborn ָפֹת בין עיניך וְ ָהיָה … לְטוֹטEx 13:16 (JE); of commandments of י׳, וְהָיוּ
לְטו׳Dt 11:18 and וְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפֹתDt 6:8 .—This injunction, orig. fig. for
perpetual remembrance (otherwise Kn and Klein l.c. 666 ff. , vid. supr. , Benz Arch.
111
Now Arch. i. 134 ), was taken literally by later Jews, and hence the custom of
wearing phylacteries; v. Di (on Ex 13:16 ) Winer RE Ri HWB (art. Denkzettel )
Smith Dict. Bib. (art. Frontlets ) Sta ZAW 1894, 312 f., 317 .
טִי ַח S 2915
TWOT 795a
GK 3225
v. sub ח
ַ טוּ.
טִיט S 2916
TWOT 796a
GK 3226
v. sub טוּט.
טִירָה S 2918
TWOT 798b
GK 3227
v. sub טוּר.
†[ ָטלָאS 2921
TWOT 805
GK 3229
] vb. patch, spot ( NH id. , patch ) — Qal Pt.
pass. טָלוּא Gn 30:32 ( ×2 )
, 33 ; pl. ְט ֻלאִים v 35 , 39 ; ֻאוֹת
ְטלEz 16:16 ; ְטלֻאֹת
Gn 30:35 ; chiefly of spotted, variegated sheep and goats (Jacob & Laban); || נָקֹד,
נְ ֻקדִּים Gn 30:32 ( ×2 )
, 33 , 35 ; || עקדיםGn 30:35 ; || both, v 39 (all J ); of high
places, variegated (gaily-coloured shrines) Ez 16:16 . Pu. Pt. ְמ ֻטלָּאוֹתpatched , of
sandals Jos 9:5 (JE).
† I. ִים
ְט ָלאS 2923
GK 3230
n.pr.loc. c. art. ְל׳
ַהטּ, place where Saul mustered his
forces 1 S 15:4 , prob. = ֶטלֶם q.v.
טלהTWOT 806
( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; Arabic is tie a lamb to a stake, confine;
Syriac is make young , both appar. denom.; Lag Armen. Stud. § 2229
finds earlier form of ֶה
ָטל
in Armenian ) .
† ֶ ֫טלֶם S 2928
GK 3234 , 3235
n.pr.loc. et pers. 1. n.pr.loc. in the Negeb of Judah,
ff.
) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳Lv 11:25 + 22 times; 3 fs. טָֽמְאָה12:2 + 2 times; 2 fs.
ָטמֵאתEz 22:4 ; pl. טָֽמְאוּLv 15:18 ; Impf. יִ ְטמָאLv 5:3 + 34 times; 3 fs. ִתּ ְטמָא
12:2 + 4 times; pl. ְאוּ יִ ְטמψ 106:39 ; Inf. ָטמְאָהLv 15:32 + 6 times;— be or become
unclean: 3. sexually, c. בּ ְ Lv 18:20 , 23 ( H ), Ez 23:17 ; the land Lv 18:25 , 27 ( H
). 4. religiously, with idols Ez 22:3 ; c. ב ְ v 4 ; with necromancers Lv 19:31 ( H ); by
sacrificing children to idols ψ 106:39 . 5. ceremonially, by contact with carcasses of
unclean animals Lv 11:24 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ( ×2 ) , 35 , 36 , 40 ( P ); any
carcass 17:15 ( H ); eating of a carcass 22:8 ( H ); by issues 15:4 , 9 , 20 ( ×2 ) , 24 ,
27 , 32 ( P ); by contact with an unclean man 5:3 ; 15:4 ( P ), 22:5 ( H ), or thing
22:6 ( H ); by leprosy 13:14 , 46 ; 14:36 , 46 ( P ); by contact with the dead Nu 6:12 ;
19:20 ( P ), Ez 44:25 , or with one unclean by such contact Nu 19:22 ( P ), Hg 2:13 (
×2 )
; by contact with creeping things Lv 22:5 ( H ); certain animals were always unclean
11:26 , 27 ( P ). In ordinary cases of uncleanness טמא עד הערבunclean till even Lv
11:24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 39 , 40 ( ×2 ) ; 14:46 ; 15:5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 ( ×2 ) , 11 ,
16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 27 Nu 19:7 , 8 , 10 , 21 , 22 (all P ), Lv 17:15 ;
22:6 ( H ); but uncleanness lasted 7 days for woman bearing a son Lv 12:2 ( ×2 ) ( P ), for
man lying with woman having an issue 15:24 ( P ), or one coming in contact with the
dead Nu 19:11 , 14 , 16 ( P ); it lasted 14 days for a woman bearing a daughter Lv 12:5
( P ). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. ָא נִ ְטמHo 5:3 ; 6:10 ; 3 fs. נִ ְטמְאָהNu 5:27 , 28 ; נִ ְט ָ ֑מאָה
5:13 + 5 times; 1 s. ִי
נִ ְטמֵאתJe 2:23 ; 2 m. pl. נִ ְט ֵמתֶם Lv 11:43 ( אomitted by
scribal error; but Ges al. derive from ) טמה, etc. + 4 times pf. ; Pt. pl. ִים נִ ְט ְמאEz
20:30 , 31 ;— defile oneself, be defiled: 1. sexually, Lv 18:24 ( H ), Nu 5:13 , 14 ( ×2 ) ,
20 , 27 , 28 , 29 ( P ). 2. by idolatry conceived as whoredom Ho 5:3 ; 6:10 Je 2:23
Ez 20:30 , 31 , 43 ; 23:7 , 13 , 30 . 3. ceremonially, by eating creeping things Lv
11:43 . 4. be regarded as unclean ( cf. Pi. 4 ), prob. ִינוּ
נִ ְטמJb 18:3 we are accounted as
unclean; metapl. form; on another view v. טמה. Pi. Pf. ִטמֵּא Gn 34:5 + 15 times; sf.
ִטמְּאוֹ Lv 13:8 + 3 times; 2 fs. ִטמֵּאת Ez 5:11 , etc. + 7 times Pf. ; Impf. יְ ַטמֵּא 2K
23:8 , etc. + 12 times Impf. ; Imv. pl. ַטמְּאוּ Ez 9:7 ; Inf. ַטמֵּא Lv 13:44 + 2 times;
sf. ְאָם ַטמּ15:31 , etc. + 4 times Inf. ;— defile: 1. sexually Gn 34:5 , 13 , 27 ( R ), Ez
18:6 , 11 , 15 ; 22:11 ; 33:26 ; the land by sexual impurities of the people Lv 18:28 (
H ); Isr. by spiritual whoredom Ez 23:17 . 2. religiously: the land, by bloodshed Nu
35:34 ( P ); by allowing the dead body of the murderer to hang on the tree over night Dt
21:23 ; by idolatry Je 2:7 Ez 36:17 , 18 ; Isr. defiled the sacred places by the sacrifice
of children Lv 20:3 ( H ), Ez 23:38 , and God defiled him thereby 20:26 ; he defileth
the sacred places by idolatry 2 Ch 36:14 Je 7:30 = 32:34 , Ez 5:11 ; the holy name of
י׳43:7 , 8 ; Josiah defiled the idolatrous places of worship by destroying them and
making them unfit for use 2 K 23:8 , 10 , 13 , 16 ; of Isr. defiling idolatrous images Is
30:22 , and the nations the temple of God ψ 79:1 . 3. ceremonially: by ceremonial
uncleanness, the sacred places Lv 15:31 Nu 19:13 , 20 ( P ); the camp Nu 5:3 ( P );
the temple by dead bodies Ez 9:7 ; the Nazirite’s head of separation by a death occurring
in his presence Nu 6:9 ( P ); the people defile themselves ( ) נפשׁתיכםby creeping
things Lv 11:44 ( P ). 4. pronounce or declare ceremonially unclean: the leper Lv 13:3
, 8 , 11 , 15 , 20 , 22 , 25 , 27 , 30 , 44 ( ×2 ) , 59 ( P ); unclean animals 20:25 ( H ).
Pu. Pt. ָאָה ְשׁי לֹא ְמ ֻטמּ
ִ נַפEz 4:14 myself is not polluted . Hithp. Impf. יִ ַטּמָּאLv
21:1 + 4 times; pl. ְאוּ יִ ַטּמּEz 14:11 ; 37:23 ; יִ ַטּ ָמּ֑אוּHo 9:4 Ez 44:25 , etc. + 6 times
Impf. ;—reflexive, defile oneself: by eating of an unaccepted peace-offering Ho 9:4 ; c.
ְבּLv 18:24 , 30 ( H ), 11:43 ( P ), Ez 14:11 ; 20:7 , 18 ; 37:23 ; c. ְלfor a dead
person Lv 21:1 , 3 , 11 ( H ), Nu 6:7 ( P ); by Lv 11:24 ( P ); without prep. 21:4 ( H
), Ez 44:25 . Hothp. Pf. מּ֑אָה ָ ֲשׁר ֻה ַטּ
ֶ אַ ֲהרֵי אDt 24:4 after that she has been defiled
§ 54. 3
(sexually); on form v. Ges .
† ֻטמְאָה S 2932
TWOT 809b
GK 3240
n. f. uncleanness ;— abs. ט׳ Nu 5:19 + 4
times; cstr. ֻטמְאַתLv 5:3 + 4 times; sf. ֻטמְאָ ֵת ְךEz 22:15 + 2 times etc., + 18
times sfs. ; pl. ְאֹת
ֻטמLv 16:16 , 19 ; sf. ֻטמְאוֹתֵיכֶםEz 36:25 , 29 ; ֻטמְאֹתָם
Lv 16:16 ;— 1. sexual Nu 5:19 ( P ), La 1:9 . 2. of a foul or filthy mass Ez 24:11
(in a caldron), 2 Ch 29:16 (in the temple). 3. ethical and religious Lv 16:16 ( P ),
Ez 22:15 ; 24:13 ; 39:24 ; כפר על הקדשׁ מט׳Lv 16:16 ( P ); קדּשׁ מט׳Lv 16:19
( P ); טהר מט׳Ez 24:13 ; 36:25 ; הושׁיע מכל ט׳36:29 ; ח הט׳ ַ רוּunclean spirit ,
which inspired the prophets to lie Zc 13:2 . 4. ritual, of men Lv 5:3 ( ×2 ) ; 7:20 , 21 ;
14:19 ; 15:3 ( ×2 ) , 31 ( ×2 ) Nu 19:13 (all P ), Lv 22:3 , 5 ( H ); of women 2 S
11:4 ; ַבִשׁכּ
ְ ֶשׁת ִמ ֻטּמְאָתָהּ וַיּ
ֶ ִעמָּהּ וְהִיא ִמ ְת ַקדּv. Dr ; a time favourable to
K 276
conception RS ; Lv 15:25 , 26 , 30 ( P ), 18:19 ( H ), Ez 36:17 ; of meats
Ju 13:7 , 14 . 5. local, of the nations Ezr 6:21 ; 9:11 .
† ְאָה ָטמS 2930 TWOT 809 , 809c GK 3239 n. f. uncleanness ( טָֽמְאָה, Baer,
seems to rest upon a misinterpretation of the form) Mi 2:10 (so Thes MV SS ); of
ethical uncleanness, from wrong-doing.
†[ ָטמָהS 2933
TWOT 810
GK 3241
נִ ְטמִינוּwe are stopped up,
] vb. only Niph. Pf.
stupid Jb 18:3 so Thes MV Di De Zö ( Aramaic ֵם ַטמּ, ַט ְמטֵםstop up ( e.g. of ear
or heart), , etc., and deriv.; Arabic fill or choke up ) ; B Ew Hgst AV RV Da SS
take it as metaplastic for ֵאנוּ נִ ְטמwe are regarded as unclean , see Ew § 198 b Kö i , 614 ;
reads ִינוּ נִ ְדמσεσιωπήκαμεν ; ְט ַמ ֲענָא.
† ָטמַןS 2934
TWOT 811
GK 3243
vb. hide, conceal , especially in earth ( NH id. ;
whence perhaps Aramaic ַן
ְטמkeep, preserve; cf. Arabic bury, hide (loan-word Frä 137
); Aramaic , ַר
ְטמid. ) ;— Qal Pf. ָטמַןψ 35:8 + 2 times etc.; Impf. וַיִּטְמֹןGn 35:4 ,
etc.; Imv. sf. מנֵהוּ
ְ ָטJe 13:4 ; ָט ְמנֵםJb 40:13 ; Inf. cstr. ִלטְמוֹןJb 31:33 ψ 64:6 ;
Pt. pass. ָמוּן טJb 3:16 + 3 times; טְמוּנָהJos 7:22 ; pl. ְט ֻמנִיםJos 7:21 ; cstr. טְמוּנֵי
Dt 33:19 ;— 1. hide , c. acc. Gn 35:4 ( E ), Ex 2:12 ( E ; dead body in sand), Jos 2:6
(JE; spies under flax-stalks), Jos 7:21 , 22 (JE; Achan’s theft), Je 13:4 , 5 , 6 , 7
) ַצ ָלּ֑חPr
(Jer.’s girdle), 43:9 , 10 (stones at Tahpanhes); hide, bury hand in dish ( ַת
19:24 ; 26:15 (of ֵל
ָעצthe sluggard); נֵפֶל טָמוּן Jb 3:16 hidden abortion , i.e. a lifeless
child at once buried; חול ְשׂ ֻפנֵי טְמוּנֵיDt 33:19 (poem); of hiding iniquity עוןJb 31:33
; hiding the wicked in the dust עפרJb 40:13 . 2. often of hiding, concealing, secretly
laying a snare ֶשׁת
ֶ רψ 9:16 ; 35:8 , sq. לִי31:5 ; ִשׁתָּם ְ ַשׁחַת ר35:7 ; פַּחsq. לִי140:6
; 142:4 ; sq. לרגליJe 18:22 ; חבלJb 18:10 ; מוֹקשׁיםψ 64:5 . 3. ָמוּן טthat which is
darkened = darkness , Jb 40:13 nearly = שׁאוֹל ְ : פניהם חֲבשׁ בט׳bind their faces in
darkness (i.e. the wicked); hide = reserve Jb 20:26 all darkness is held in reserve for
his treasures , i.e. all calamities are stored up for them. Niph. Imv. ֵן
ִמ ְפּנֵי ַפּחַד י׳ ִה ָטּמ
ֶבּ ָעפָר Is 2:10 hide thyself in the dust, from before the terror of י׳. Hiph. (or Qal ? Ba
) Impf. ִנוּ
ZMG 1889, 180
וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּ ְטמ2 K 7:8 ( ×2 )
and they went and hid (it), i.e. plunder
from Aramaic camp.
טנאTWOT 812
( √ of foll.; Ph. טנאis set up, erect , also offer, present , according
to DHM in MV 10
, 983 ) .
† ֶ ֫טנֶא S 2935
TWOT 812a
GK 3244
n. m. Dt 28:5 basket ( NH ְטנִיis a large
metal vessel ) — abs. ֶ ֫טנֶא ֑ ֶ v 2 ; sf.
Dt 26:4 , טנֶא ַטנְ ֲא ָך 28:5 , 17 ; in all a
receptacle for products of soil (in last two || ֶת
ִשׁ ֶאר
ְ ) מ.
†[ ָטנַף S 2936 TWOT 813 GK 3245 ] vb. soil, defile ( NH Pi. id. ; Aramaic Pa. טנֵּף ַ
, ; Assyrian ṭanâpu II, I , Dl Pr 33; HWB 302
; Arabic is be suspicious, be intrinsically
corrupt ) — Pi. Impf. ֵם ֲא ַטנְּפCt 5:3 how should I soil them , i.e. my feet (poet.
Aramaism).
†[ ָטעָהS 2937
TWOT 814
GK 3246
] vb. wander, stray ( NH id. , err; Aramaic
ְטעָא, ; Arabic exceed just limit, be immoderate, extravagant , one who deviates from
right way; Ethiopic apostasy, superstition, idolatry ) — Qal Pt. f. ( ְכּ)טֹ ֲעיָהCt 1:7
like a wandering (vagrant) woman , for MT כְּעֹ ְטיָהaccording to S Sym. B ; but
cf. II עטה. Hiph. Pf. ִהטְעוּ אֶת־ ַעמִּי Ez 13:10 fig. , they have led astray my people .
† ָטעַםS 2938
TWOT 815
GK 3247
vb. taste, perceive ( NH id. ; Aramaic , ֵים
ְטע
taste; Assyrian n. ṭêmu , sense, command , Zim BP 92 Lyon Sargontexte 67 ) Asrb.
Annals iii, 95
; Arabic eat, taste, examine by tastingy; Ethiopic taste, examine by tasting ,
etc.— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳1 S 14:24 ; 3 fs. ָה טָֽ ֲעמPr 31:18 ; 1 s. ָט ַע ְמתִּי1 S 14:29 ,
43 ; Impf. 3 ms. יִ ְטעַם1 S 19:36 + 2 times; 1 s. ֶא ְטעַם2 S 3:35 ; 3 mpl. יִ ְט ֲעמוּ
Jon 3:7 ; Imv. mpl. ֲמוּ ַטעψ 34:9 ; Inf. abs. טָעֹם1 S 14:43 ;— 1. taste , of eating
in small quantity, sq. acc. ֶם ָ ֑לח1 S 14:24 , ְמעַט ְדּבַשׁv 29 , so v 43 ( טָעֹם
ֶלחֶם אוֹ כָל־ ְמאוּמָה ;) ָט ַע ְמתִּי2 S 3:35 ; מְאוּמָהJon 3:7 . 2. of sense of taste, obj.
ֲשׁר ֶ ֲשׁר אֹכַל וְאֶת־א ֶ ֶשׁתֶּה אֶת־א ְ א2 S 19:36 ; so ֵח ְך אֹכֶל יִ ְטעַם־לוֹJb 12:11 ; יִ ְטעַם
ֶלאֱכֹל ֵח ְך34:3 . 3. fig. Pr 31:18 she tasteth that her gain is good ( obj. cl. c. ) כִּי,
i.e. she experiences that her trade is profitable; so ֲמוּ וּרְאוּ כִּי־טוֹב יהוה ַטעψ 34:9 taste
ye and see that י׳is good .
† ַ ֫טעַם S 2940
TWOT 815a
GK 3248
n. m. Je 48:11 taste, judgment — ט׳abs.
† [ ָם
ַמ ְטעS 4303
TWOT 815b
GK 4761
] n. m. only pl. tasty or savoury food,
dainties — ִים
ַמ ְט ַעמּGn 27:4 , 7 , 9 , 14 , 17 , 31 (all J ); sf. ַמ ְטעַמּוֹתָיו Pr 23:3
; ָיו
ַמ ְטעַמֹּתv 6 .
טַף S 2945
TWOT 821a
GK 3251 , 3252
v. sub טפף.
†[ ָטפַחS 2946
TWOT 818 , 821
GK 3253 , 3254
] vb. extend, spread ( Arabic be full to
overflowing, abound; Aramaic extend, spread; ָא
טְפוּחa step, foot-length; NH ֶטפַחa
span ( cf. ַטפַח Infr. ) ) — Pi. Pf. ִט ְפּחָהIs 48:13 ; ִט ַפּ ְח ִתּיLa 2:22 ;— 1. spread out
the heavens Is 48:13 ( || ְֽדָה ארץ
) יָס. 2. denom. from ֶטפַחcarry on the palms, dandle
La 2:22 ( || ִי
ִרבִּיתI have brought up, reared ).
† ֶ ֫טפַח S 2947
TWOT 818b
GK 3255
n. [ m. ] 1. a span, hand-breadth ; 2. coping
† ֫
טֹפַח S 2948
TWOT 818c
GK 3256
n. m. Ez 40:43 span, hand-breadth —
always abs. ַח טֹפEx 25:25 ; 37:12 (both P ), width of border of table in
tabernacle; Ez 40:5 ; 43:13 addit. to common cubit; Ez 40:43 width of border
(ledge) of four tables in new temple ( Sm Co ).
†[ ָטפַלS 2950
TWOT 819
GK 3260
] vb. smear or plaster (over), stick, glue ( NH
id. , besmear, plaster; Aramaic ַל
ְטפid. , fig. attack; ְטפֵילָאmortar; defile; Assyrian
ṭapâlu, besmear (?), Dl Pr 48; HWB
) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָֽפְלוּψ 119:69 ; Impf. 2 ms.
וַ ִתּטְפֹּלJb 14:17 ; Pt. pl. cstr. טֹ ְפלֵיJb 13:4 — טָֽפְלוּ ָעלַי ֶשׁקֶר זֵדִיםψ 119:69
insolent men have plastered falsehood over me , ‘making his real character
unrecognisable’ ( De ); ֶר טֹ ְפלֵי ֶשׁקJb 13:4 ye are falsehood-plasterers ( || רֹ ְפאֵי ֱאלִל
); cf. Assyrian amât tašḳirti ṭapilti Ullusum , a speech of falsehood besmearing Ullusum
, Dl Pr 48 ; ֲוֹנִי
וַ ִתּטְפֹּל עַל־עJb 14:17 and thou hast glued over mine iniquity , i.e. glued
it up, for safe keeping against the day of reckoning ( || ִי
ִשׁע
ְפּ ) ָחתֻם ִבּצְרוֹר.
†[ ָטפַףS 2952
TWOT 821
GK 3262
] vb. trip, take quick little steps ( cf. Arabic
pass by quickly , light, brisk, quick , of horse; poss. cf. Syriac flicker ) — Qal Inf. abs.
טָפֹף Is 3:16 הָלוֹ ְך וְטָפֹף ֵתּ ַל ְכנָה, of women of Jerusalem.
טַף S 2945
TWOT 821a
GK 3251 , 3252
42 n. m. coll. children ( as going with quick,
tripping steps; Ethiopic Di ) — טַףJe 41:16 + 11 times; ָ ֑טףJe 40:7 + 5 times;
1251
† ָטפַשׁS 2954
TWOT 822
GK 3263
vb. be gross ( NH Hithp. grow stupid , and
deriv., Aramaic ֵשׁ
ְטפ, for Heb. שׁמן Is 6:11 , Ithp. be stupid; cf. Assyrian ṭapâšu , be
abundant, large , Guy JAS 1883, Août-Sept. 189
) — metaph. ִל ָבּ֑ם ָטפַשׁ ַכּ ֵחלָב ψ 119:70 their
heart is gross, like fat .
†[ ָטרַד S 2956 TWOT 823 GK 3265 ] vb. pursue, chase, be continuous ( Arabic
pursue; II. prolong one’s voice; VIII. continue uninterruptedly; Assyrian ṭarâdu , drive
away COT Gloss. , so Aramaic , ַד — ) ְטרonly Qal Pt. act. וְֶדלֶף טֹרֵדPr 19:13 a
continuous dripping, dropping , i.e. one in which one drop pursues another; so ֵד
טוֹר ד׳
27:15 ; in both sim. of a contentious woman.
טרהTWOT 824
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic be fresh, juicy, moist; Ethiopic raw ) .
† [ ִי
ָטרS 2961
TWOT 824a
GK 3269
ְט ִריָּהfresh , ְלחִי־חֲמוֹר
] adj. fresh , only fs.
ְט ִריָּה
Ju 15:15 the fresh jawbone of an ass , i.e. not yet dry and brittle; ָה ט׳ ַמכּIs
1:6 fresh, raw wound , not yet healed or even treated (so Ges Ew Brd Di Du ;
festering De Che ).
†[ ָטרַחS 2959
TWOT 825
GK 3267
] vb. toil, be burdened ( NH id. , toil , Hiph.
weary, importune; Aramaic ַח
ְטרtoil , etc.; Arabic is cast, throw, remove ) — Hiph.
Impf. אַף־ ְבּרִי יַ ְטרִי ַח ָע֑ב Jb 37:11 he burdeneth with moisture the cloud(s).
† ֫
טֹרַח S 2960
TWOT 825a
GK 3268
ְשׂא ׃ הָיוּ ָעלַי
n. m. burden , fig. ֽ נִ ְלאֵיתִי נ
לָטֹ֑רַחIs 1:14 they are become a burden on me, I am weary of bearing; ֶשּׂא ָ אֵיכָה א
ָט ְר ֲחכֶםDt 1:12 ( + ַשּׂ ֲאכֶם וְרִי ְבכֶם
ַ ) מhow can I bear the burden of you y
† ָטרַףS 2963
TWOT 827
GK 3271
vb. tear, rend, pluck ( NH id. , especially of
wild beasts; Aramaic ַף
ְטרtear, seize , especially of creditors; ְטרֵיפָאtorn flesh or
animal; Arabic depasture , said of camel ) — Qal Pf. ָמרַףJb 16:9 ; ָט ָר֑ףHo 6:1 , etc.;
Impf. יִטְרֹף ψ 7:3 ; ְרֹף
וַיִּטAm 1:11 (but v. ֑ ָ יִ ְטGn 49:27 ; ֶאטְרֹףHo
infr. ); רף
5:14 ψ 50:22 ; Inf. ְרֹף ִלטψ 17:12 ; Pt. act. טֹרֵףJb 18:4 , etc.;— tear rend , of
wild beasts, Gn 37:33 ( J ), 44:28 ( J ; inf. abs. c. Pu. q.v. ), Ex 22:12 (JE; inf.
abs. c. Niph. q.v. ) Elsewhere only in sim. and metaph. ; sim. of Gad’s fierceness
Dt 33:20 (like a lioness, poem); so of Benjamin Gn 49:27 (as a wolf, poem); of the
remnant of Jacob, like a young lion among sheep, ַף ָרמַם וְ ָטרMi 5:7 ; of the wicked, ψ
17:12 (lion), 7:3 obj. ְשׁי
ִ ( נַפlike a lion); 22:14 psalmist’s foes like lion ( || ֵג
;) שֹׁא
ָט֑ר
Ez 22:25 ( ֶף ) טֹרֵף, princes like wolves v 27 ( id. ); metaph. of Israel’s princes,
like young lion 19:3 , 6 ( c. ֶף ֶטרacc. cogn. ); of Nineveh’s king Na 2:13 (as lion); of
God’s treatment of the wicked Ho 5:14 (like a lion), ψ 50:22 ; subj. wrath of God ( ) אַף
conceived as assailing Job, Jb 16:9 his wrath teareth and persecuteth me; cf. ָָ֖רף ט
וְיִ ְר ָפּ ֵאנוּHo 6:1 subj. ְשׁנוּ || ( י׳
ֵ ; יְַך וְיַ ְחבּon tenses v. Dr § 84 β ; 171, 174 n. 1 ); subj. anger
of Edom ( abs. ) Am 1:11 , but read perhaps וַיִּטֹּרfor ְרֹף
וַיִּטand he kept his anger
perpetually , so Ol on ψ 103:9 We ; ְאַפּוֹ
בּ טֹרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ, said of Job by Bildad Jb 18:4
. Niph. Impf. of animal torn (by wild beasts) ֵף טָרֹף יִ ָטּרEx 22:12 (JE); יִ ָטּרֵףalso in
prediction of judgment on people of Jerusalem Je 5:6 . Pu. Pf. סף ֵ טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹGn
37:33 ( J ) Joseph has certainly been torn in pieces; cf. ר֑ף ָ ֹ ט׳ ט44:28 ( J ). Hiph.
Imv. ms. sf. , note especially 2nd acc. ֶם ֶלח, ַה ְטרִי ֵפנִי ֶלחֶם ֻחקִּיPr 30:8 let me
devour my appointed bread (of men, late; cf. ֶף ֶטר31:15 , and ψ 111:5 Mal 3:10 ).
† ָטרָף S 2965
TWOT 827a
GK 3273
† adj. fresh-plucked ( Aramaic , ָא
ַט ְרפּ
fresh leaf ) — ָף
ָטר ֲעלֵה זַיִת Gn 8:11 ( J ) a fresh-plucked olive leaf .
† ֶ ֫טרֶף S 2964
TWOT 827b
GK 3272
n. m. Na 3:1 prey, food; leaf ;— ֶף
ֶטרGn
49:9 + ; ֶף ָ ֑טרJb 4:11 + ; sf. ַט ְר ֵפּ ְךNa 2:14 ; ַטרְפּוֹIs 31:4 ; pl. cstr. ַט ְרפֵּיEz
17:9 ;— 1. prey of lion Am 3:4 Jb 4:11 ; 38:39 ψ 104:21 ; metaph. of Judah’s
conquests Gn 49:9 , Israel like lion Nu 23:24 (both poems in JE); of Assyrians Is
5:29 ; of Nineveh and its king Na 2:13 , 14 ; 3:1 ; Israel’s princes (as young lion)
Ez 19:3 , 6 ; sim. of false prophet (like lion) 22:25 ; of princes of Judah v 27 ;
sim. of ’ יs descending to battle, like lion Is 31:4 ; cf. ψ 76:5 coming down from
mountains of prey (the lion’s lair), but read perhaps ַד
ע, cf. Bi Che crit. n. ;
fig. of spoil of wicked Jb 29:17 , cf. ψ 124:6 . 2. food , of outcasts, under fig. of
wild ass ֶא ֶפּרJb 24:5 ; of human food (late): for those who fear God ψ 111:5 ; for
household Pr 31:15 ; in ’ י׳s house Mal 3:10 . 3. leaf , ( cf. Gn 8:11 ) ָהּ
ִצ ְמח ַט ְרפֵּי
Ez 17:9 metaph. of Judah.
1
Brown, F., Driver, S. R., & Briggs, C. A. (2000). Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs
Hebrew and English Lexicon. Strong's, TWOT, and GK references Copyright 2000 by
Logos Research Systems, Inc. (electronic ed.) (178.2-383.2). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos
Research Systems.
י, Yôdh , tenth letter; used as numeral 10 in postB Heb. ; יאor ́ = י׳א11; יב, ́= י׳ב
12, etc.; 14 and 15, however, are not ́ י׳ה, ́ י׳ו, which might stand for abbrev. of יהוה, but
́ ט׳ו, ́ ט׳ז, v. ט, and Ges § 5. 4. R. 3a
.
†[ יָאַבS 2968
TWOT 828
GK 3277
] vb. long, desire ( Aramaic , and especially
Ethpa. and deriv. ) — Qal Pf. 1 s. ך
ָ ְל ִמצְוֹתֶי יָאָ֑ ְבתִּי ψ 119:131 , late Aramaism.
†[ יָאָהS 2969
TWOT 829
GK 3278
] vb. befit, be befitting ( NH יָאֵי, יָאֶה
adj. worthy, fitting, fine; יָאוּתadv. right, well; Ph. יאfair; Syriac adj. for נאוהψ
33:1 , πρέπει Mt 3:15 ) — Qal Pf. ֑ ְל ָך י
ָאָתָה Je 10:7 , for thee it (i.e. fear) is befitting ,
late Aramaism.
יְאוֹרv. יְאֹר.
יַ ֲאזַנְיָ֫הוּS 2970 GK 3280
, ְיָה
יַ ֲאזַנS 2970
GK 3279
v. sub אזןp. 24b supr.
postB post-Biblical.
Heb. Hebrew.
= equivalent, equals.
v. vide , see.
Ges W. Gesenius, Heb. Gram. ed. by Kautzsch;
† prefixed, or added, or both, indicates ‘All passages cited.’
S Strong’s Concordance
TWOT Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament .
GK Goodrick/Kohlenberger numbering system of the NIV Exhaustive Condordance .
vb. verb.
Pf. Perfect.
NH New (Late) Hebrew.
Targum.
adj. adjective.
adv. adverb.
Ph. Phenician.
supr. supra, above.
† I.[ יָאַלS 2973 , 2974
TWOT 830 , 831
GK 3282 , 3283
] vb. be foolish ( cf. i. — ) אול
Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נוֹאֲלוּ Is 19:13 Je 5:4 ; וְנֹאָ֑לוּJe 50:36 ; 1 pl. נוֹאַלְנוּNu 12:11
;— do or act foolishly: — 1. shew wicked folly = sin ָאת
ֲשׁר ָחטָאנוּ ַחטּ
ֶ ֲשׁר נוֹאַלְנוּ וַא
ֶא
Nu 12:11 ( J ); in Je 5:4 an exhibition of this folly is ascribed to ignorance. 2. become
fools , lacking insight and judgment: ַן
נוֹאֲלוּ ָשׂרֵי צֹעIs 19:13 the princes of Zoan have
become fools ( || נֹף ִשּׁאוּ ָשׂרֵי
ְ נ, and, in v 11 ָשׂרֵי צֹעַן ֱאוִילִים, etc.); ֶחרֶב
֑ אֶל־ ַה ַבּדִּים ו
ְנֹאָלוּ Je 50:36 a sword is against the praters, and they shall become fools
—be shewn up as such ( || ׃ ) חָֽתּוּ.
juss. jussive.
infr. infra, below.
Imv. Imperative.
sq. followed by.
inf. Infinitive.
fin. finite, finitivum.
MT Masoretic Text.
Greek version of the LXX.
Gei A. Geiger, Urschrift u.Übersetzungen der Bibel;
We J. Wellhousen.
Dr S. R. Driver.
Che T. K. Cheyne.
Da A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax.
† יְאֹרS 2975 TWOT 832
GK 3284
, יְאוֹרn. m. Ex 7:21 stream of the Nile,
stream, canal ( Egyptian loan-word = Egyptian iotr, io’r , watercourse , Copt.
eioor, ior ; also iotr‛o, io r‛o , Copt. eiero, iaro, Nile , Steindorff BAs i. 612 ; in
Assyrian i̯a uru , stream , Iaru’û , river Nile , Id. ib. , Hpt ib. 171 Jäger ib 466 ) — abs.
ַהיְאֹר ַ Is 19:8 ; ַהיְאֹ֫רָהEx 1:22 ; יְאוֹרIs 19:7
Gn 41:1 + 37 times; היְאוֹר ( ×3 )
+
2 times; ָאֹר
( כּerror for ) ַכּיְאֹרAm 8:8 ; cstr. כִּיאֹרAm 9:5 ; כִּיאוֹרAm 8:8 ;
sf. ִי
יְאֹרEz 29:3 b ( Co יאר, cf. v 9 and S ); pl. ִים
יְאֹרEx 8:1 + 4
times; cstr. ֵי
יְאֹרIs 7:18 + 2 times; יְאוֹרֵי2 K 19:24 ; sf. יְאֹרֶי ָךEz 29:4 ( ×2 ) ,
5 + v 4 ( del. Co ) + 29:10 ( Co ך ָ יֶאֹרָיו ;) יְאֹ ְרEz 29:3 ; יְאֹרֵיהֶםEx
7:19 ψ 78:44 ;— 1. stream of the Nile, river Nile , usually c. art. Gn 41:1 , 2 , 3 (
×2 )
, 17 , 18 Ex 1:22 ; 2:3 , 5 ( ×2 ) ; 4:9 ( ×2 ) ; 7:15 , 17 , 18 ( ×3 ) , 20 ( ×2 ) , 21 (
×3 )
, 24 ( ×2 ) , 28 ; 8:5 , 7 ; 17:5 (all JE), Am 8:8 ; 9:5 Is 19:7 ( ×3 ) , 8 ; 23:3 ( ||
) ִשׁחֹר, v 10 Je 46:7 , 8 ( sim. of Egyptian invasion), Ez 29:3b (read יאר, v.
supr. ), v 9 Zc 10:11 ; more fully ריִם
ַ ִמ ְצ יְאֹרAm 8:8 ; 9:5 . 2. pl. : a. 3, יְאֹרֵי
ִמ ְצרַיםIs 7:18 ; יְאֹרֵי מָצוֹר19:6 ( || ) נְהָרוֹת, 37:25 = 2 K 19:24 ; v. also Na
3:8 Ex 7:19 ; 8:1 (both P ; || ָרֹת נְה, ֲאגַמִּיםetc.), ψ 78:44 ( || ) נֹזְלִים, Ez 29:3 ,
( ×2 )
4 , 5 , 10 + v 4 MT (but del. Co ), 30:12 . b. watercourses in gen.,
יְאֹרִים ַר ֲחבֵי יָָד֑יִם Is 33:21 ( || ִים
; נְ ָהרcf. NH יְאוֹר, late Aramaic ) יְאוֹרָא. 3.
shafts , made in mining Jb 28:10 ( ַצּוּרוֹת
) בּ. 4. יְאֹר, sg. , of Tigris , Dn 12:5 ( ×2 )
, 6 , 7 ( cf. 10:4 ).
n. nomen , noun.
m. masculine.
Steindorff G. Steindorff.
Hpt Sacred Books of the O.T., ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).
abs. absolute.
×3 three times.
cstr. construct.
sf. suffix, or with suffix.
Co C. H. Cornill.
S Syriac Version.
×2 two times.
del. dele, strike out (also delet, delent ).
c. circa , about; also cum , with.
sim. simile.
P Priests’ Code or Narrative.
sg. singular.
†[ יָאַשׁS 2976
TWOT 833
GK 3286
] vb. despair (not in Qal ) ( NH Hithp. despair
of , יֵאוּשׁdesperation; Aramaic Pa. ֵשׁ
יָא, etc., make despair (so Ec 2:20 ); Arabic
despair ) — Niph. Pf. וְנוֹאַשconsec. 1 S 27:1 ; Pt. נוֹאָשׁJe 2:25 + 3 times;—
despair , שׁאוּלָ ְשׁנִי וְן׳ ִמ ֶמּנִּי
ֵ ְל ַבקּ1 S 27:1 and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me; pt.
desperate, despairing , of Job, Jb 6:26 ; elsewhere נוֹאָשׁ ֑ (foll. ) אמרdesperate! =
there is no hope! Je 2:25 ; 18:12 Is 57:10 . Pi. Inf. ֵשׁ אֶת־ ִלבִּי עַל כָּל־ ֶה ָעמָל ְליַאEc
2:20 to make my heart despair, concerning all the toil .
יֹאשׁיָּ֫הוּ
ִ S 2977
GK 3288
, יֹאשׁיָּה
ִ S 2977
GK 3287
v. sub אשׁהp. 78b supr.
† ַי
יְ ֽאָ ְתרS 2979
GK 3290
n.pr. m. an ancestor of Asaph 1 Ch 6:6 appar. = ֶא ְתנִי
v 26 .
†[ יָבַבS 2980
TWOT 834
GK 3291
] vb. only Pi. cry shrilly ( NH Pi. lament;
Aramaic , ֵב יַבּsound clarions, exult; Ethiopic especially I. 2 ) — Pi. Impf. 3 fs. וַ ְתּיַבֵּב
Ju 5:28 through the windows she looked and shrilly cried .
† יוֹבָב S 3103
GK 3411 , 3412
n.pr. m. ( Sab. n.pr. יהיבב Glaser Skizze ii. 303 ff.
)
— 1. ‘son’ of Yoḳtân Gn 10:29 = 1 Ch 1:23 , Ιωβαβ . 2. a king in Edom Gn
36:33 , 34 = 1 Ch 1:44 , 45 , Ιω(α)βαβ . 3. king of Madon (Northern Canaan)
Jos 11:1 , Ιω(β)αβ . 4. Benjamites: a. 1 Ch 8:9 , Ιωβαβ . b. 1 Ch 8:18 ,
Ιω(β)αβ .
consec. consecutive.
Pt. Participle.
fs. feminine singular.
Glaser E. Glaser, skizze der Geschichte u. Geographie arabiens .
†[ יָבַלS 2986
TWOT 835
GK 3297
] vb. Hiph. conduct, bear along , especially in
procession ( Aramaic ֵל
יַבּ, אוֹבִילid. , Pa. lead along , also Ethpa.; Aph. lead, conduct;
Zinj. יבלid. , DHM Sendsch. Gloss. .; Assyrian abâlu ( ) ובל, bring, conduct , COT Gloss.
. Dl Pr 122 ff. ; Arabic is run vehemently (of horse), pursue sharply, pour down rain ,
violent rain ) — Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. לנִי ֵ יוֹבִיψ 60:11 ; 108:11 ; 1 s. sf. אוֹבִילֵם
Je 31:9 ; 3 mpl. יוֹבִילוּ ψ 68:30 ; ִילוּ
יֹב76:12 ( juss. ); יוֹבִלוּןZp 3:10 ; sf. יֹבִלוּ ָה
Is 23:7 ;— 1. bear along offerings, c. acc. rei , Zp 3:10 ; c. ל pers. ψ 68:30 ; 76:12
. 2. carry away , only ָגוּר י׳ ַרְגלֶי ָה ֵמרָחוֹק לIs 23:7 her feet used to carry her far away
to sojourn (of Tyre as colonizing and trading city). 3. lead, conduct , c. obj. as sf. , of
returning exiles Je 31:9 ; triumphant army, sq. acc. loc. , ψ 60:11 = 108:11 . Hoph.
Impf. 3 ms. )ַל(־ יוּבIs 18:7 Je 11:19 ; יוּ ָב֑לHo 12:2 + 3 times; 3 fs. תּוּבַלψ 45:15
; 1 s. ב֑ל
ָ אוּJb 10:19 ; 3 mpl. יוּ ָב֑לוּ Jb 21:30 ; 3 fpl. לנָה
ְ תּוּ ַבψ 45:16 ; 2 mpl.
תּוּבָל֑וּן Is 55:12 ;— 1. be borne along: of things, sq. ְל, a gift Is 18:7 ; idol Ho 10:6 ;
oil 12:2 . 2. be borne to the grave: ב֑ל
ָ אוּ ִמ ֶבּטֶן ַל ֶקּבֶר Jb 10:19 ; ב֑ל
ָ יוּ ִל ְקבָרוֹת 21:32 .
3. be led, conducted , sq. ְל, ψ 45:15 Je 11:19 Is 53:7 ; abs. ψ 45:16 ; be led forth
(from captivity in Babylon) Is 55:12 , abs. ( || ;) יצאthe wicked (in triumph) abs. Jb
21:30 .
† I. [ ָל
יָבS 2988 , 2989
TWOT 835a
GK 3298 , 3299
] n. [ m. ] watercourse, stream (
proposes conduit ) , as irrigating;—only pl. cstr. יְִבלֵי(־) ָ ֑מיִם Is 30:25 ( || לגִים
ָ ) ְפּ,
44:4 .
† II. יוּ ָב֑ל n.pr. m. son of Lamech by Adah, and inventor of musical instr. Gn
4:21 ( J ); Ιωβαλ .
† יוֹבֵל S 3104
TWOT 835e
GK 3413
, ֵל
יֹבn. m. Nu 36:4 ram, ram’s horn,
cornet ( Ph. יבלram; cf. Di Lv 25:10 Dl ) — abs. יוֹבֵלJos 6:5 + 7
Pr 124
times; ֵל יֹבEx 19:13 + 13 times; pl. יוֹ ְבלִיםJos 6:4 + 2 times; יֹ ְבלִיםJos 6:13
;— 1. ram , only in combin.: ַיּ׳ ִבּמְשֹׁ ְך ְבּ ֶקרֶן הJos 6:5 the ram’s horn, as wind-
instrument; so ְרוֹת (ה)י(ו)בלים שׁוֹפJos 6:4 , 6 , 8 , 13 rams’ horns ( v. Benz
Archäol . 276
); ֵל
יֹבalone, ִבּמְשֹׁ ְך הַיֹּבֵלEx 19:13 at the sounding of the ram (’s
horn). 2. designation of 50th year, marked by blowing of cornets, AV ‘jubile’ (so
NH ֵל יוֹב, יובֵילָא, as loan-word); orig. no doubt ְשׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵלyear of the ram (’s
horn), as Lv 25:13 , 28 , 40 , 50 , 52 , 54 (all H ), 27:17 , 18 , 23 , 24 (all P ),
but then, without שׁנת, as ֶם יוֹבֵל הִוא ִתּ ְהיֶה ָלכ25:10 a ram (’s horn blowing)
shall it be to you; so v 11 , 12 , 15 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 33 (all H ), 27:18 , 21 Nu
36:4 (both P ).
Di A. Dillmann.
Benz J. Benzinger, Hebräische Archaeologie .
AV Authorized Version.
H Code of Holiness.
† [ ָל
] יַבּadj. running, suppurating —only fs. as subst. , יֶַבּלֶתa running sore or
ulcer Lv 22:22 ( + ֶת
ַעוֶּר, ָשׁבוּר, חָרוּץ, ָגּרָב, ) יֶַלּפֶת.
† ָל אוּבn. [ m. ] stream, river ( = — ) יוּבַלonly ָה ֻאבָל Dn 8:3 , 6 אוּבַל אוּ ָל֑י
8:2 the river Ulai .
† ֵתּבֵל S 8398
TWOT 835h
GK 9315
n. f. Na 1:5 (appar. m. Is 14:17 ) world ,
poet. synon. of ֶץ
( ֶארperhaps orig. as productive , cf. יְבוּל, בּוּל, but this sense not
clearly maintained; cf. also Assyrian tabalu in êlî tabali , by land , || êlî nâru , by
water (river ) Meissner ZA 1889, iv. 3, 261, 263, 265 f. SASm Assyrian Letters iv. pl. viii. ix, 1. 33 ) —
usually abs. ( ת׳no art.), cstr. Jb 37:12 Pr 8:31 ; world , usually || ֶארֶץ: 1 S 2:8 (
י׳set ת׳on ) ְמ ֻצקֵי ֶארֶץ, Is 14:21 ; 24:4 ; 34:1 Je 10:12 = 51:15 , 1 Ch 16:30 (
|| ψ 96:10 infr. ) Jb 34:13 ψ 19:5 ; 77:19 = 97:4 , 90:2 ; 96:13 ( + ִים ) ַעמּ,
98:9 ( + id. ); ֵי ְישׁב
ְ בָהּ ת׳ וNa 1:5 ψ 24:1 ; י ְשׁבֵי ת׳33:8 Is 18:3 ( || שֹׁ ְכנֵי ארץ
), 26:9 , 18 La 4:12 ; ְלֹאָהּ ת׳ וּמψ 89:12 ( + ָשׁ ַמיִם, cf. ארץ ומלאה24:1 );
עַל־ ְפּנֵי ת׳ ֑אָ ְרצָהJb 37:12 upon the face of the world of earth (earthly world, the
whole expanse of earth); ְצוֹ בְּת׳ אַרPr 8:31 ; on the other hand ַעפְרוֹת ת׳v 26 ; ת׳
alone Jb 18:18 ; other combin. ְלֹאָהּ ת׳ וּמψ 50:12 ( cf. 89:12 supr. ); ְפּנֵי־ת׳Is
27:6 ( cf. Jb 37:12 supr. ); ְדוֹת ת׳ מֹס2 S 22:16 foundations of the world = ψ
18:16 , cf. ִכּוֹן ת׳ תּψ 93:1 ; 96:10 ( = 1 Ch 16:30 ); world as object of ’ י׳s
judgment 9:9 ( || ִים ; ְל ֻאמּv. also 96:13 supr. ), cf. ת׳ וישׁבי בה98:7 ( || ) יַם,
Is 13:11 ( || ;) רשׁעיםas devastated by Babylonian conqueror Is 14:17 ( || ָיו ) ָער.
subst. substantive.
f. feminine, feminae.
Meissner B. Meissner.
ZA Zeitschr. für Assyriologie .
SASm S. A. Smith.
n.pr.loc. nomen proprium loci, proper name of place.
dub. dubious, doubtful.
Bu circa., Richter u. Samuel;
Klo A. Klostermann.
q.v. quod vide.
L after MT Γεθρεμμων ), v. Di ; it lay about 13 m. E. of N. from Samaria, three-
fifths of the way to Jezreel; mod. ruin Bel ame Bd Pal. 228 , cf. Schultz ZMG iii. 49 ;
(Old Egyptian Y-b-ra- a-mu̥ WMM 195 ).
] יְֵב֫מn. f. sister-in-law ( NH
† [ ֶת יְ ָבמָה, יְ ַב ְמתָּא, ; יְבִי ְמתָּאSyriac ) —
only sf. יְ ִבמְתּוֹDt 25 ; 7 ( ×2 ) , 9 his brother’s wife ( widow ), ( cf. Gn 38:8 ) in
levirate law; ךְ יְ ִב ְמ ֵתּRu 1:15 ( ×2 ) thy husband’s brother’s wife .
† [ ַם
יָבS 2992
TWOT 836
GK 3302
] vb. denom. , only Pi. do the duty of ָם
יָבto a
brother’s widow; Pf. וְיִ ְבּמָהּconsec. Dt 25:5 and shall do a brother-in-law’s office
to her; Imv. יַבֵּם אֹתָהּGn 38:8 (i.e. ֵשׁת אָחִי ָך
ֶ אv a); Inf. sf. לֹא אָבָה יְַבּמִי
§ 115 R. 2 ad fin.
Dt 25:7 (on nominal sf. as obj. of inf. , v. Ges ).
ְשׂם
ָ יִבS 3005 GK 3311
v. sub בשׂםp. 142a supr.
Bd Bädeker’s Palestine.
ZMG Zeitschrift d. deutsch. Morgenländ. Gesellschaft.
WMM W. Max Müller.
√ root or stem.
Lag P. de Lagarde, Mittheilungen .
† I. יָבֵשׁS 3001 , 3002 , 3003
TWOT 837 , 837a
GK 3312 , 3313 , 3314 , 3315
vb. be dry, dried
up, withered ( NH id. (rare), יְבֵישׁ, chiefly Pa. Ithp., Syriac ; Sab. Palm. deriv.;
Arabic ; Ethiopic ) — Qal Pf. 2 ms. ֵשׁ יָבJos 9:5 + 8 times; וְיָבֵשׁconsec. Is 19:5 +
ָ יָֽבGn 8:14 ; 3 pl. יָֽבְשׁוּJe 23:10 + 2 times; יָ ֵב֑שׁוּ50:38 + 2
4 times; 3 fs. ְשׁה
times; Impf. 3 ms. ַשׁ יִבIs 19:7 ; יִי ָב֑שׁJe 12:4 Jb 8:12 ; וַיִּיבַשׁ1 K 17:7 ; וַיִּי ָב֑שׁJon
4:7 ; 3 fs. ַשׁ תִּיבEz 17:10 ; ִתּי ָב֑שׁv 10 + 3 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. ( ִבּ)יבשׁIs 27:11
; ְבשׁת
ֶ יGn 8:7 ; abs. יָבוֹשׁZc 11:17 ; יָבשׁEc 17:10 ;— 1. be dry, dried up without
moisture: a. of bread Jos 9:5 , 12 (JE). b. of ground lacking rain Am 4:7 , cf. Am 1:2
(of Carmel at utterance of ’ י׳s voice), Je 23:10 . c. of earth after the flood Gn 8:14 ( P ),
cf. ֵב ָחר. d. of grass, herbage, trees and crops (already implied in b ) = wither Is 15:6 ;
19:7 ; 27:11 Je 12:4 Jb 8:12 Jo 1:12 Jon 4:7 ; in sim. of shortness of life ψ 90:6 ;
102:12 ; 129:6 , v. also Is 40:7 , 8 (in these two || ֵל ;) נָבof heart under fig. of grass
ψ 102:5 ; of Judah under fig. of vine Ez 17:9 ( ×2 ) , 10 ( ×3 ) , cf. 19:12 ; of princes
under fig. of tree Is 40:24 ; of roots of Ephr. under fig. of tree Ho 9:16 , so of roots
of wicked Jb 18:16 . e. of hand, arm, dry up, wither , as judgment from י׳, 1 K 13:4 Zc
11:17 ( ×2 ) ; in distress ִי
יָבֵשׁ ַכּ ֶחרֶשׁ כֹּחψ 22:16 my strength is dried up like the
potsherd; of skin La 4:8 , and ( fig. ) of bones Ez 37:11 . 2. be dried up: of water Gn
8:7 ( J ), Is 19:5 1 K 17:7 Je 50:38 Jo 1:20 Jb 12:15 ; 14:11 . Pi. make dry, dry up ,
only Impf. 3 ms. sf. ְשׁהוּ ֵ וַיַּבּNa 1:4 and hath made it dry ( י׳, the sea); 3 fs. ְתּיַבֵּשׁ
Jb 15:30 the flame shall dry up his branches ( fig. of wicked); fig. ְתּיַבֶּשׁ־גָּ֑רֶםPr
17:22 a broken spirit maketh dry ( the ) bones . Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. ִישׁ הוֹבJos 2:10 + 3
times + Jo 1:10 ( v. infr. ); ִישׁ חֹבEz 19:12 + 2 times Jo ( v. infr. ); 3 fs. ִישׁה ָ הוֹב
Jo 1:12 ( v. infr. ); 2 ms. תּ ָ ַשׁ
ְ הוֹבψ 74:15 ; 1 s. ַשׁתִּי ְ הוֹבEz 17:24 ; ַשׁ ִתּ֫י
ְ וְהוֹבJe
51:36 ; 3 pl. ִישׁוּ וְהֹבconsec. Zc 10:11 ; Impf. 1 s. אוֹבִישׁIs 42:15 ( ×2 ) ; 44:27
;— dry up, make dry: 1. dry up water , י׳subj., Jos 2:10 ; 4:23 ( ×2 ) ; 5:1 (all D ), Je
51:36 ( || ִיב
) ֶה ֱחר, Is 42:15 ; 44:27 ( ֳח ָרבִיin || cl.), ψ 74:15 . 2. make dry, wither:
herbage, trees, crops, etc., of י׳, Is 42:15 ( || ;) החריבobj. Babylon under fig. of tree
Ez 17:24 ; of east wind’s drying up Judah’s fruit Ez 19:12 . 3. exhibit dryness: of river-
deeps laid bare Zc 10:11 .—In like manner might be taken Jo 1:10 , 12 ( ×2 ) , 17 , if
from ; יבשׁbut the sense would be difficult, especially in v 10 , 12 , and ִישׁוּ הֹבv
11 must be from בּוֹשׁ, to which all these cases in Jo may be consistently assigned; v.
בּוֹשׁ.
Palm. Palmyrene.
fig. figurative.
Ephr. Ephraimitic source or Ephrem Syrus.
D Deuteronomist in Dt., in other books Deuteronomic author or redactor.
† II. יָבֵשׁS 3001 , 3002 , 3003 TWOT 837 , 837a
GK 3312 , 3313 , 3314 , 3315
adj. verb. or pt.
dry, dried , so, ms. abs. Na 1:10 + 4 times; fs. ֵשׁה
ָ יְבNu 11:6 ; mpl. ֵשׁים ִ (וִ)יב
Nu 6:3 ; fpl. ֵשׁוֹת יְבEz 37:2 , 4 ;— 1. dried , lit. only ֵשׁים ִ ֲענָבִים יְבNu 6:3 dried
grapes ( P ; opp. ִים ;) ע׳ ַלחfig. ֵשׁה
ָ ְשׁנוּ יְב
ֵ נַפ11:6 (JE) our soul (i.e. our
appetite) is dried up , viz. for want of fresh, juicy meat. 2. dry , of chaff, ַשׁ קNa 1:10
in sim. of Ninevites under impending judgment; cf. in fig. of Job, Jb 13:25 ; of
tree Ez 17:24 ( fig. of Davidic house; opp. ל֑הָ ) עֵץ, 21:3 (in prediction of
Judah’s devastation by Babylon, opp. id. ); Is 56:3 fig. of eunuch; of the bones in
Ezek.’s vision Ez 37:2 , 4 .
† ָשׁה
ָ יַבּS 3004 TWOT 837b
GK 3317
n. f. dry land, dry ground ( Sab. יבסם,
opp. בחרםsea , DHM in MV ; Palm. ( יבשאdry ) land Vog No. 79
) —always
abs. sg. ָשׁה
ָ ; יַבּ
Ex 4:9 ( J ); of dry ground as path of Isr. through Red Sea Ex
14:16 , 22 , 29 ; 15:19 (all P ), Ne 9:11 ψ 66:6 ; through Jordan Jos 4:22 ( D );
of dry land, opp. sea, at creation Gn 1:9 , 10 ( P ); cf. Jon 1:9 ; specif. of shore of
sea Jon 1:13 ; 2:11 ; fig. of needy Israel, to be refreshed by ’ י׳s spirit Is 44:3 ( ||
) ָצמֵא.
† [ ֵב
יָגS 3010
TWOT 838a
GK 3321
] n. m. field , ִים
ְכּ ָרמִים וִיגֵבJe 39:10 , but
text dub. , v. 52:16 = 2 K 25:12 ; also גּוּב, II. גֵּבp. 155b supr.
Qr Q e rê.
Kt K e thibh .
Kö E. König, Heb. Gram.
Kö E. König.
l.c. in loco citato.
† תּוּגָה S 8424
TWOT 839b
GK 9342
n. f. grief (poet.)— abs. ת׳ ψ 119:28 Pr
14:13 ; 17:21 ; cstr. תּוּגַת 10:1 ;— grief ψ 119:28 ; Pr 10:1 ( opp. ְשׂמַּח
ַ ) י, 14:13
( opp. ) ִשׂ ְמחָה, 17:21 ( || ַח
ִשׂמ
ְ ) לֹא י.
יגןTWOT 841
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic beat cloth (said of a fuller); in Heb. only in
deriv. 2 ) .
† I. ַת
גּS 1660 , 1661 , 1662 , 1667
TWOT 841a
GK 1780 , 1781 , 1782
n. f. wine-press (
contracted from תּ
ְ ְ= ַגּנ — ) יְַגנְ ְתּabs. גַּת Ju 6:11 + 3 times; גִּתּוֹתNe 13:15 ;—7,
lit. בּגַּת
ַ חֹבֵט ִחטִּים Ju 6:11 7, to hide it from Midian; the juice of the grapes was
pressed out by treading, ְג֑ת
בּ דֹּ ֵר ְך Is 63:2 (in sim. ), but also as acc. דֹּ ְרכִים
גִּתּוֹתNe 13:15 ; in fig. of judgment, גַּת ָדּ ַר ְך אֲדֹנָי ִלבְתוּלַת וגו׳La 1:15 7 also
רְדוּ כִּי מָֽלְאָה גַּתJo 4:13 ( רדהonly here with ) גַּת.—On the form and use of
wine-press, and Heb. synonyms, v. Smith DB (art. 7) Benz Arch. . 212 f.
Rob BR iii,
137
Schick ZPV x, 1887, 146, 150, and Pl. v. vii. Anderlind ZPV xi, 1888, 166 f.
† גַּת־רִמּוֹן S 1667
GK 1784
n.pr.loc. in Dan Jos 19:45 ; Levitical city 21:24 =
1 Ch 6:54 ; site unknown.— גַּת רִמּוֹןin Manasseh Jos 21:25 is scribal error; read
יְִב ְלעָם, q.v.
† ִי
גִּתּS 1663 GK 1785 adj. gent. of II. גַּת1 ; of Obed-edom 2 S 6:10 , 11 = 1
Ch 13:13 ; Ittai 2 S 15:19 , 22 ; 18:2 ; Goliath 21:19 1 Ch 20:5 ; pl. c. art. as
subst. , ִים
ַהגִּתּ1 S 15:18 the Gittites (but read ִאתַּי ַהגִּתִּיWe Klo Kit Bu Now
); sg. c. art. as n.pr.coll. ִי
Arch. i.308 n.
ַהגִּתּJos 13:3 (with men of Gaza, Ashdod,
Ashḳelon , Eḳron , and the Awwim).
† גִּתִּית S 1665
TWOT 841b
GK 1787
f. of foregoing ( si vera l. ) only in phr.
עַל־ ַהִגּתִּיתin three ψ -titles: ψ 8:1 ; 81:1 ; 84:1 ; upon the Gittite ( lyre ) so , to
the Gittite ( melody ) Ew Ol De , or either of these Hup Pe ; B ַהגִּתֹּת4,
whence Bae al. 4, i.e. ( Bae ) a song for the feast of booths.
† [ ָה
יְגִעS 3024
TWOT 842c
GK 3331
] n. f. wearying (late format., Dr Intr. 455
†[ע
ַ יָגִיS 3019
TWOT 842d
GK 3329
] adj. weary ;— pl. cstr. ְשׁם
ָ יְגִיעֵי כֹ ַח ו
יָנוּחוּ Jb 3:17 and there are resting the weary in strength , the toil-worn.
†[ יָגֹרS 3025
TWOT 843
GK 3336
] vb. be afraid, fear ( Ph. in n.pr. יגר אשמן
= he feareth Eshmun; Arabic metuens cavit , Frey ; Lag BN 26. 30
; cf. III. — ) גּוּרQal
Pf. 2 ms. יָגֹ ְר ָתּDt 28:60 ; יָגֹ ְרתִּי9:19 + 3 times;— be afraid , sq. פּנֵי
ְ ִמbefore, of;
of wrath of י׳Dt 9:19 ; of diseases of Egypt 28:60 ; fear , sq. acc. Jb 3:25 ; 9:28 ψ
119:39 .
E Elohist.
Frey G. W. Freytag, Lex. Arab.;
Lag P. de Lagarde, Bildung d. Nomina .
Mordt J. H. Mordtmann.
Sam. Samaria, Samaritan (rarely = Samuel).
Ba J. Barth.
in Arabic Ethiopic ́ פ׳ו, not ́ פ׳י, cf. Heb. Hiph.; Philippi comp. Arabic IV. strengthen;
— Sta § 182, 183
regards ידas bilit. ) — abs. יָדGn 38:28 + ; cstr. יַד41:35 + ; sf. יָדִי
14:22 + ; ך ָ יָֽ ְד22:12 + ; יָֽ ְדכָהEx 13:16 ; יְֶדכֶםGn 9:2 + ; יְֶדכֶןEz 13:21 ( ×2 ) , 23
, etc.; du. דיִם ַָ יGn 34:21 + ; cstr. יְדֵי24:30 + ; וִידֵיEx 15:17 + , etc.; fpl. (in fig.
senses) abs. יָדוֹתGn 43:34 + 8 times; יָדֹת47:24 + 2 times; cstr. וִידוֹת1 K 7:32 ;
sf. ָיו יְדֹתEx 26:19 ( ×2 ) + 2 times; יְדֹתֶי ָה1 K 7:35 , 36 ; יְדוֹתָם1 K 7:33 ;— 1. hand
of man Gn 3:22 ; 4:11 ; 8:9 + often; בנִית יָד ְ ַתּEz 8:3 the shape of a hand (of God in
Ezek.’s vision); of cherubim ת׳ יַד אָדָם10:8 , ֵי אָדָם דְּמוּת יְדv 21 : a. right hand
) יַד־יְמִינ(וֹGn 48:17 (JE), Ju 7:20 2 S 20:9 Je 22:24 Ez 39:3 ψ 73:23 ; 121:5 ;
יד[מ] ַהיְ ָמנִיתEx 29:20 Lv 8:23 , 24 ; 14:14 , 17 , 25 , 28 (all P ); a left-handed
man is ִינוֹ ִאטֵּד יַד־יְמJu 3:15 ; 20:16 ( v. ;) אטדleft hand ) יַד ְשׂמֹאל(וֹ3:21 ; 7:20
Ez 39:3 ; both hands of one pers. are denoted by du. , דיִם ַָ יGn 27:22 2 K 3:11 +
often; occasionally + numeral, ד֑י ָָ ְשׁתֵּי יDt 9:15 , 17 , so Lv 16:21 ( P ); du. also of
hands of several persons Gn 5:29 Ex 29:10 , 15 , 19 Dt 31:29 2 K 11:16 = 2 Ch
23:15 , Ez 21:12 + ; yet sometimes sg. of hand of several perons Gn 19:16 Ex 29:9
Lv 8:24 Dt 1:25 ; 17:7 ( ×2 ) Ju 7:20 ( ×2 ) + . b. ַפּוֹת ידיו
ְשׁתֵּי כּ1 S 5:4 the two palms
of his hands; הידים כַּפּוֹת 2 K 9:35 Dn 10:10 ; ך
ָ אַצִּילוֹת יָדֶי9 Je 38:12 Ez 13:18 ;
בֹּהֶן יָדָיוEx 29:20 ( P ) = his thumbs ( opp. יד(יו) ורגל(יו) בְּהֹנוֹת ;) בֹּהֶן ַרְגלָם
Ju 1:6 , 7 ; bracelets were worn on hands , i.e. wrists Gn 24:22 , 30 , 47 ( J ), cf.
thread bound on hand of Zerach 38:28 ( ×2 ) , 29 , 30 ( J ), and cords on hands of
Samson Ju 15:14 ; the ring was worn on hand , i.e. finger Gn 41:42 ( E ), Est 3:10 . c.
as to hands in use, note ֵי ידיו
זְרֹעGn 49:24 arms of his hands , i.e. arms which make
his hands serviceable; ֶשׁת
ֶ ַבּקּ ִמלֵּא יָדוֹ2 K 9:24 he filled his hand with the bow , i.e.
caused his hand to grasp it, seized it; ֶשׁתֶ ַה ְרכֵּב יָֽ ְד ָך עַל־ ַהקּ2 K 13:16 ( ×2 ) ; especially
fig. of consecrating or installing (as priest), ֵא יַד ִמלּhe filled the hand of any one
(perhaps orig. gave the selected portions of animal-sacrifices to, v. Lv 8:25 ff. , so Di ),
installed as priest Ju 17:5 , 12 1 K 13:33 ( sq. ְ וsubord.); elsewhere only P and late:
Ex 28:41 ( || קדַּשׁ
ִ ), 29:9 also v 29 ( || ) משׁח, v 33 ( ) קדּשׁ, v 35 Lv 8:33 2 Ch
13:9 ; 29:31 , sq. inf. Lv 16:32 ( || ) משׁח, 21:10 ( || ֶן
ֶשׁמ ) יוּצַק, Nu 3:3 ( || ;) משׁת
יְֶדכֶם ליהוה ִמלֵּאתֶם2 Ch 29:31 = ye have consecrated yourselves to י׳, is addressed
appar. to the whole congregation (otherwise Be Öt and Di Ex 32:29 ); so the same
expression Ex 32:29 (poss.) and 1 Ch 29:5 (certainly) of offering gifts to ְאוּ יָד֯ו ; י׳
ִמל
Hi F. Hitzig.
Or C. von Orelli.
Brd C. Brendenkamp.
Du B. Duhm.
transgression (orig. prob. of stains of blood, or other evidences of crime); ָה
ָרע מַה־ ְבּיָדִי
26:18 ; (2) fig. in the possession of , Ex 21:16 (JE); ִי נִ ְמצָא ְבּיָד1 S 9:8 there is found
in my hand , i.e. I happen to have (¼ shekel); (3) in the ( physical ) power of Gn 16:6 ( J
; cf. ה
ָ ִתּ ְת ַענִּי ַתּחַת יָדֶיv 9 ), Jb 1:12 ; ְבּיַד לָשׁוֹןPr 18:21 in the power of a tongue;
in the care or charge of, entrusted to , Gn 39:23 ( J ); under the authority of 2 S 18:2 (
×3 )
Nu 31:49 ( P );—in Je 41:9 ( AV because of Gedaliah ), read בּוֹר גָּדוֹל הוּאfor
ביד גדליהו הוא Hi Kue Gf Che Gie Dr Sm 291 ; (4) בּיַד ְ also with vbs. of
taking , ֵשׁ
וַיִּקַּח ְבּיָדוֹ אֶת־ ָהאGn 22:6 and he took the fire in his hand , Ex 4:17 ,
20 ,
21 (all E ), 1 S 17:40 2 K 9:1 ; thence to denote accompaniment, taking or being with
one Jos 9:11 (JE), 2 S 8:10 1 K 14:3 2 K 5:5 ; בּיָדוֹ ְ אִישׁ שׁוֹרוֹ1 S 14:34 cf. 16:2 ;
ָשׁים
ִ לשׁים ֲאנ
ִ קַח ֳבּיְֽד ָך ְשׁJe 38:10 . d. ְבּיַדby the agency or instrumentality of Gn
38:20 ( J ), Ju 6:36 1 S 11:7 ; 16:20 2 S 3:18 ; 10:2 ; 11:14 ; 12:25 2 K 14:27 2
Ch 1:17 ; 7:6 (orig. lit. sense discernible sometimes); especially of ’ י׳s speaking by the
agency of prophets Ex 9:35 ( R ), Lv 8:36 ; 10:11 Nu 4:37 , 45 ; 9:23 ; 10:13 ; 17:5
Jos 14:2 ; 20:2 ; 21:2 , 8 (all P ), 1 S 28:15 , 17 1 K 16:7 , 12 , 34 2 K 9:36 ;
17:18 , 28 2 Ch 10:15 ; 33:8 ; 34:14 ; 35:6 Ne 8:14 ; 9:14 , 30 ; בּיַד י׳ ְ מוּתEx
16:3 ( P ) die by the hand of בּיַד ; י׳
ְ by the side of (vary rare) ψ 141:6 Zc 4:12 olive-
branches beside the two golden pipes; = near to , in time, ך
ְ חֹשׁ
ֶ נָכוֹן ְבּיָדוֹ יוֹםJb
15:23 ready at his hand is a day of darkness (i.e. near at hand ). e. כּיַד ְ ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך1 K 10:13
Est 1:7 ; 2:18 according to the hand (bounty) of the king . f. ליָד ְ ‘ יָדhand to hand,
surely’ Pr 11:21 ליַד ְ by the side of 1 S 19:3 1 Ch 18:17 ; 23:28 Ne 11:24 Pr 8:3 ψ
140:6 . g. מיַּד
ִ out of the hand: —(1) out of the power of , often nearly = מִן, used
idiomat. c. many vbs. : c. ִיל ִהצּGn 32:12 ( ×2 ) ( J ), Ex 2:19 ; 18:9 , 10 ( ×2 ) (all JE),
1 S 17:37 ; ַת יַד ִמ ַתּחEx 18:10 (JE; so c. פשׁע2 Ch 21:8 , 10 ( ×2 ) ; cf. i. infr. ); of
animals מיַּדִ 1 S 17:37 ( ×2 ) , ִמיַּדִ־ ֶכּלֶבψ 22:21 ; even of inanimate things י׳ ֶל ָהבָהIs
47:14 ַח י׳ פּψ 141:9 ; c. ָלקַחNu 21:26 (JE), 1 K 11:34 , 35 ; c. ָקרַעv 12 , 31 ;
c. ֵט ִמלּ, ם׳ ִמיַּד ְשׁאוֹלψ 89:49 ; c. ָפּדָה, פ׳ ִמיַּד ְשׁאוֹלHo 13:14 ( || ) ִמ ָמּ֫וֶת, ψ
49:16 ; ֶב פ׳ מִידֵי ֶחרJb 5:20 ; pregn. ִשׁ ְפּ ֵטנִי ִמיֶָּ ֑ד ָך
ְ י1 S 24:16 may he ( ) י׳judge (and
save) me out of thy hand; so 2 S 18:19 and (with ִיב רfor ) שׁפט1 S 25:39 ; (2) מִיּדof
separation, ך נִגֳז֑רוּ
ָ ִמיָּֽ ְדψ 88:6 of wicked, cut off from nearness to God; (3) ִמיַּד ָדּרַשׁ
exact ( at the hand ) of 2 S 4:11 Gn 9:5 ( ×2 ) ( P ), Ez 33:6 ; 34:10 ( = ִם ָדּרַשׁ ֵמעDt
Kue A. Kuenen.
Gf K. H. Graf.
Gie F. Giessebrecht.
Dr S. R. Driver, Text of Samuel.
vbs. verbs.
R Redactor (e.g. in Hexateuch).
18:19 ), also of animals Gn 9:5 ; מיַּד
ִ ִבּקֵּשׁEz 33:8 ; ָקנָה ִמיַּדRu 4:5 , 9 acquire at
the hand of; מיַּד ִ נִקַּם2 K 9:7 ; ִה ְקרִיב ִמיַּדLv 22:25 ( H ), י׳ ( ָרצָה ִמיַּדsubj.) Mal
1:10 , 13 ; ַח רָצוֹן ִמיַּד ָלק2:13 . h. ) עַל־יד(י:—(1) upon the hand ( s ) of ְתּנָה אֹתוֹ
עַל־יָדִיGn 42:37 = entrust him to me ( E ; lit. put him upon my hand ); יַגִּירֻהוּ
ָח֑רֶב עַל־יְדֵי־ψ 63:11 they shall pour him out upon the hands of the sword = deliver
him up to the sword; so Je 18:21 Ez 35:5 ; (2) ַל־יָד עby hand Pr 13:11 ; עַל־יַד,
עַל־יְדֵיaccording to the hand ( s ) of = at the guidance, direction of: עַל־יַד1 Ch 25:2a
2 Ch 26:13 ; ֵי עַל־יְדJe 5:31 ; 33:13 ; so 1 Ch 25:2b , 3 , 6 ( ×2 ) ; עַל־יְדֵי ָדוִיד2 Ch
23:18 Ezr 3:10 ; דוִיד ָ עַל־יְדֵי ְכּלִי2 Ch 29:27 according to the guidance of the
instruments of David; (3) by the side of , way ך ְ ַשּׁעַר עַל־יַד ֶדּ ֶר
ַ ה2 S 15:2 ; river ( היאר
) ַל־יַד עEx 2:5 ( E ), Nu 13:29 (JE; || ) עַל־ ַהיָּם, Je 46:6 Dn 10:4 ; city Jos 15:46
(JE); person ( = in the company of ) 2 S 15:18 ; people 2 Ch 21:16 ; especially late
עַל־יַדnext to (in a series) 17:15 , 16 , 18 ; 31:15 Ne 3:2 ( ×2 ) + 13 times Ne 3 ,
13:13 ; ֵי
עַל־יְדby the side of Ju 11:26 ; people ( עַל־יְדֵי ) אדוםNu 34:3 ( P ), 1 Ch
7:29 ; cattle Jb 1:14 ; ֵי
עַל־יְד ִשׁיר ֶה ֱעמִיד1 Ch 6:16 he stationed them by the side of
song , i.e. to watch over the singing. i. ַת יַד ַתּחunder the hand = in the possession, at
the disposal of; חנִית וגו׳
ֲ וְאִין יֶשׁ־פֹּה תַֿחַתָ־יְֽד ָך1 S 21:9 ; = in the power of,
subject to Is 3:6 come, thou shalt be our ruler and this ruin under thy hand; pl. sq. vb.
,ה
ָ וְ ִה ְת ַענִּי ַתּחַת יָדֶיGn 16:9 ( J ) and submit thyself under her hands , her authority, Is
3:6 .— ַת יַד
ִמ ַתּחv. g. (1) supr. , and sub ַתּחַת. for ִמ ַתּחַת יַד, 2 K 8:20 , 22 ( = 2
Ch 21:8 , 10 ), 13:5 ; 17:7 .
† I. [ יָדַדS 3032
TWOT 845
GK 3341
] vb. cast a lot ( cf. Ethiopic immittere , etc.
Di 935
) —only Qal Pf. 3 mpl. יַדּוּ גוֹרָל עַל Na 3:10 Ob 11 ; ֶל־
א יַדּוּ גוֹרָל Jo 4:3 .
(Poss. wrongly pointed pfs. of ידהPi. q.v. )
pfs. Perfects.
† [ ִיד
יָדS 3039
TWOT 846a
GK 3351
] adj. (poet.) beloved ( NH id. , Aramaic )
— cstr. יְדִיד Dt 33:12 ; sf. לִידִידִיIs 5:1 ( ×2 ) Je 11:15 ; לִידִידוֹψ 127:2 ; pl. sf.
יְדִידֶי ָך 60:7 ; 108:7 ; f. יְדִידֹת45:1 ; יְדִידוֹת84:2 ;— 1. my beloved , used by
proph. of י׳under fig. of husbandman Is 5:1 ( ×2 )
; so my (thy, his) beloved Je 11:15
ψ 60:7 = 108:7 , 127:2 ; beloved , of Benj. as beloved by י׳Dt 33:12 . 2. lovely ,
ִשׁכְּנוֹתֶי ָך
ְ מַה־יְּדִידוֹת מψ 84:2 how lovely are thy habitations! 3. fpl. as abstr.
subst. ִידֹת ִשׁיר יְדψ 45:1 = a song of love .
† יְדִי ְדיָהn.pr.
( beloved of Yah; cf. Sab. ודדאלDHM ZMG 1875, 604; 1883, 15 )
m.
—name given to Solomon by Nathan; ֲבוּר ֶת־שׁמוֹ יְדִי ְדיָ ֿה֑ ַבּע
ְ יהוה וַיִּ ְקרָא א2 S
12:25 ; Ιδεδει , L Ιεδδιδια .
† מֵידָד S 4312
GK 4773
n.pr. m. one who (with ָד
) ֶא ְלדּprophesied in the camp of
Isr. Nu 11:26 , 27 (JE), Μωδαδ .
†[ יָדָה S 3034 TWOT 847 GK 3343 , 3344 ] vb. throw, cast ( Arabic exeruit, emisit , II.
IV. emisit (all now in special senses); Ethiopic throw, cast on or in (very often; cf. );
whence Hiph. give thanks, confess (orig. acknowledge ?) is commonly derived, perhaps
from gestures accompanying the act, v. Thes Lag Or ii. 22 , yet connexion uncertain;
Aramaic Pa. ֵי וַדּ, Aph. אוֹדִיconfess , id. ; but Ethiopic accuse , perhaps also from
abstr. abstract.
A Alexandrine MS. of Setpuagint.
Lag P. de Lagarde, Orientalia .
gesture; Palm. מודאrender thanks , often in votive inscrr., see Vog on No. 79; עבד
ומודאVog = εὐχαρίστως ἀνέθηκε ; מודן כל יוםVog No. 93. 1 ; ידתאpious
No. 101
Vog No. 29 ) Palm. ידתא4 (arrows) at Je 50:14 (read prob., with some Codd. ) יְרוּ. Pi.
Impf. ִי
וַיַּדּוּ בּLa 3:53 and they cast (stones) on me; Inf. יַדּוֹתZc 2:4 to cast down
(the horns of the nations).
Hiph. (connex. with ידהthrow , obscure, yet v. supr. ) Pf. הוֹדוּ 1 K 8:33 + 3
times; ִינוּ
הוֹדψ 75:2 ( ×2 )
יְהוֹדֶהNe 11:17 (on form v. Ges § 53, R. 7 ); יוֹ ֶדהψ
; Impf.
6:6 ; I s. sf. ֶנּוּ
אֲהוֹד28:7 ( Ges l.c. ); אוֹדֶנּוּ42:6 , 12 ; 43:5 ; pl. יוֹדוּ99:3 + 6
times; sf. ך ָ יְהוֹדוּ44:18 ( Ges l.c. ); יוֹ ֻד ָך49:19 , etc. + 41 times Impf. ; Imv. הוֹדוּIs
12:4 + 16 times; הֹדוּψ 107:1 ; Inf. הוֹדוֹת1 Ch 25:3 + 11 times; הוֹדֹתEzr 3:11 ;
הֹדוֹת1 Ch 16:7 + 4 times (see Baer ψ 92:2 ); Pt. מוֹדֶהPr 28:13 ; pl. מוֹדִים1 Ch
29:13 ;— 1. give thanks, laud, praise; a. c. acc. (1) of men, Judah Gn 49:8 (poetic
play on name); Job (ironical) Jb 40:14 ; the king ψ 45:18 ; the rich 49:19 ; (2) of י׳, Gn
29:35 ( J expl. name ;) יהודהelsewhere (mostly ψψ and Ch) of ritual worship ( v. Lag
Or . ii. 22 f.
); obj. ֵשׁם י׳ Is 25:1 ψ 44:9 ; 54:8 ; 99:3 ; 138:2 ; 142:7 ; י׳ ֶפּלֶא 89:6 ;
יהוה 7:17 ; 9:2 ; 109:30 ; 111:1 ; יָהּ118:19 ; sf. ך ָ - referring to God 30:10 , 13 ;
( ×2 ) ( ×2 )
35:18 ; 43:4 ; 52:11 ; 67:4 , 6 ; 71:22 ; 76:11 ; 88:11 ; 118:21 , 28 ; 119:7
; 138:1 ; 139:14 Is 38:18 , 19 (song of Hez.); ֶ — נּוּψ 42:6 , 12 ; 43:5 ; ִי ִשּׁיר
ִמ
אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ 28:7 with my song will I praise him; י׳
אוֹ ְד ָךI will praise thee י׳2 S 22:50 =
ψ 18:50 = 108:4 , Is 12:1 (exilic hymn); אדניψ 57:10 ; 86:12 , cf. 138:4 ; 145:10 .
b. sq. ל ְ , only of the ritual worship: ְשׁם י׳
ֵ לψ 106:47 = 1 Ch 16:35 , ψ 122:4 ;
140:14 ; קדְשׁוֹ ָ ְלזֵכֶר30:5 ; 97:12 ; לי׳1 Ch 16:4 , 7 , 41 ; 23:30 ; 25:3 2 Ch 5:13 ;
7:6 ; 20:22 ψ 33:2 ; 92:2 ; 105:1 = 1 Ch 16:8 = Is 12:4 ; הודו לי׳ כי טובgive
thanks to י׳for he is good ψ 106:1 ; 107:1 ; 118:1 , 29 ; 136:1 1 Ch 16:34 ; so Je
33:11 ( sq. ֶת־י׳ ;) אcf. הוד(ו)ת2 Ch 7:3 Ezr 3:11 ; יודו לי׳ חסדוψ 107:8 , 15 ,
21 , 31 ; לאלהיםNe 12:46 ψ 136:1 ; לאדניv 3 ; לאלv 26 ; sfs. referring to God:
ְל ָך6:6 ; 79:13 ; 119:62 ; לוֹ100:4 ; לד+ אלהים75:2 ( ×2 ) 1 Ch 29:13 ; abs. 2 Ch
31:2 Ne 11:17 ; 12:24 all of the ritual worship. 2. confess , a. the name of God, || שׁוּב,
התחנן, התפלל, 1 K 8:33 , 35 = 2 Ch 6:24 , 26 . b. ֲעלֵי פשׁעψ 32:5 ( || לֹא
) פשׁעיו ( מוֹדֶה וְעֹזֵב ;) ִכסִּיתִיPr 28:13 confessing and forsaking (his transgressions;
opp. ֶה ) ְמ ַכסּ.
Ges W. Gesenius.
Hithp. Pf. ִה ְתוַדָּהLv 5:5 ; 16:21 ; ִה ְתוַדּוּ26:40 Nu 5:7 ; Impf. I s. ֶא ְתוַדֶּהDn
9:4 ; pl. תוַדּוְּ ִ יNe 9:2 ; Inf. sf. ִה ְתוַדֹּתוֹEzr 10:1 ; Pt. ִמ ְתוַדֶּהNe 1:6 Dn 9:20 ;
pl. תוַדִּים
ְ ִמ2 Ch 30:22 Ne 9:3 ;— 1. confess , abs. Ezr 10:1 Ne 9:3 Dn 9:4 ; c.
acc. ָוֹן
עLv 16:21 ( P ), 26:40 ( H ); חטאתNu 5:7 ( P ), Dn 9:20 ; ֲשׁר ָחטָא ֶ אLv
5:5 ( P ); ַל חטאות עNe 1:6 ; 9:2 . 2. give thanks , ליהוה, in the ritual worship 2 Ch
30:22 .
† ֻהיְּדוֹת S 1960
TWOT 847a
GK 2117
n. f. pl. songs of praise ;— Ne 12:8 ; so
Thes but dub. ; Ew § 165 b
abstr. ( ֻהיְּדוּתmany MSS.) praising; Ol § 220
reads inf.
הוֹדוֹת.
† תּוֹדָה S 8426
TWOT 847b
GK 9343
n. f. thanksgiving , תּ׳Lv 7:12 + 23 times;
cstr. תּוֹדַת Lv 7:13 , 15 ; pl. תּוֹדוֹתψ 56:13 + 3 times; תּוֹדֹתNe 12:31 , 40 ;—
1. give praise to י׳Jos 7:19 (JE; || ְ׳
) ִשׂים כָּבוֹד ל, Ezr 10:11 , in both of praise
rendered by acknowledging and abandoning sin; v. Di on Jos, and on Ezr. Öt and
especially Ryle; cf. vb. ידהc. ל
ְ ; so RVm ; > Thes MV SS Be RV al.
confession . 2. thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship ת׳ קולψ 26:7 ; 42:5 Jon
2:10 ; || שׁיר
ִ ψ 69:31 Ne 12:27 ; || ִרוֹת
זְמψ 95:2 ; || קוֹל זִ ְמרָהIs 51:3 ; || ְתּ ִהלָּהψ
100:4 ; || ִנּוֹר
כּ147:7 . 3. thanksgiving choir, procession, line, company Ne 12:31 ,
38 , 40 , prob. also Je 30:19 ( || ִים
ְשׂ ֲחק
ַמ ) קוֹל. 4. 2 קטּר ת׳Am 4:5 ( || ;) נְדָבוֹתa
division of ִים ַשּׁ ָלמ
ְ זֶבַח הLv 7:12a ; זבח ת׳ שׁלמיוv 13 , 15 ; זבח (ה)ת׳v 12b
(all P ), 22:29 ( H ); זבחים ותודות2 Ch 29:31 ( ×2 ) ; ִים ות׳ זבחי ְשׁ ָלמ33:16 ; ת׳
) זבח זבח(יψ 107:22 ; 116:17 ; מבאי(מ) ת׳Je 17:26 ; 33:11 ; לתודהψ 100:1
(title); in ψψ || נדרים: ַח ת׳ זָב2 50:14 , 23 (see Br MP 239 ); שׁלּם ת׳56:13 .
יָדַעS 3045
TWOT 848
GK 1977 , 3359
943 vb. know ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַע
יְד, Ph. ידע
; Ethiopic II. I. indicate, announce, narrate; Assyrian idû , know , COT Gloss.
; Sab. ידע
, especially in cpd. n.pr. DHM ZMG 1875, 612
) — Qal יָדַעGn 4:1 + ; יָָד֑עLv 5:1
Pf.
+ ; sf. יְדָעוֹDt 34:10 Jb 28:7 ; ָהּ יְָדעGn 24:16 1 K 1:4 ; יְָד ָע֫נוּIs 63:16 ; 3 fs.
יָֽ ְדעָהJu 11:39 + 4 times; 2 ms. יַָד֫ ְע ָתּGn 30:26 + ; יַָד֫ ְעתָּה2 S 2:26 ; יַָד֫ ַע ְתּRu 2:11
1 K 2:15 ; תּ ְ יָָד֑ ַעJe 50:24 ; וְיַָד֫ ַע ְתּconsec. Ru 3:4 + 6 times (incl. Ez 22:16 , Co
וִי ַד ְעתֶּם, so ) + Ez 28:22 Co (for ) וְיָדְֽעוּ, so ; ִי יַָד֫ ְעתּGn 4:9 + ; sf.
† Pi. Pf. 2 ms. יִַדּ֫ ְע ָתּ, only ידעתה ַשׁחַר מְקֹמוֹ Jb 38:12 Kt ; read with Qr
ַשּׁחַרַ יִַדּ ְע ָת הcause to know , sq. 2 acc. ; so ψ 104:19 according to Bae , who reads
יִדַּע, after Aq Symm .
† Hiph. Pf. הוֹדִי ַעψ 98:2 ; הוֹדִי ַע֫נִיJe 11:18 ; הוֹ ַד֫ ְע ָתּ1 K 1:27 + 2 times; הוֹ ָד֑ ְע ָתּ
Jb 26:3 , etc.; Impf. ע ַ יוֹדִיψ 103:7 Is 38:19 ; juss. יֹ ַד֫עNu 16:5 ; וַיֹדַעJu 8:16 ;
יוֹדִיעֶנּוּIs 40:13 , 14 ; 2 ms. תּוֹדִי ַעHb 3:2 ; תּוֹדִי ֵענִיψ 16:11 ; 51:8 ; I s. אוֹדִי ַעψ
89:2 Ez 39:7 ; ָה אוֹדִיעPr 1:23 Is 5:5 ; יוֹדִיעוּJb 32:7 ; יוֹ ִדעֻםEz 44:23 ; נוֹדִיעָה1 S
14:12 ; Imv. הוֹדַעPr 9:9 + 3 times ( ד֑ע ַ הוֹψ 90:12 ); sf. חוֹדִי ֵענִיJb 10:2 + 6 times,
etc.; Inf. cstr. ע ַ הוֹדִי2 S 7:21 + 3 times; הֹדִי ַע1 Ch 17:19 ; הוֹדִי ֵענִי1 S 28:15 ,
etc.; Pt. ךָ מוֹדִי ֲעDn 8:19 ; מוֹדִיעָםJe 16:21 ; מוֹדִיעִיםIs 47:13 2 Ch 23:13 ;— make
known, declare , c. acc. rei Nu 16:5 ( P ), Ez 39:7 1 Ch 17:19 Jb 26:3 ψ 89:2 ;
98:2 ; 106:8 ; obj. om. Hb 3:2 ; teach , c. acc. rei Jb 32:7 ; sq. inf. ψ 90:12 and
(peculiarly) ֵל
ם׳ ְל ַהלּ2 Ch 23:13 i.e. led in praising; c. ְלpers. Pr 9:9 ; c. acc. pers.
Is 40:13 Ju 8:16 (but read וַיָּ֫דָשׁ, v. ;) דושׁmake known, declare , c. acc. rei , + ל
ְ
pers. Ex 18:20 Dt 4:9 Ne 8:12 ; 9:14 ψ 78:5 ; 103:7 ; 145:12 ; Is 38:19 ( c. אל
rei) 64:1 ; c. cl., + ל ְ pers. 1 S 10:8 ; make one know , c. cl. of thing and acc. ( sf. )
pers. Ex 33:12 Dt 8:3 1 S 6:2 ; 16:3 ; 28:15 Jb 10:2 ; 37:19 ; c. acc. rei + sf.
pers. ֶת־ ְדּ ָר ֶכ֔ ָך וְ ֵא ָד ֲע ָך הוֹ ִד ֵענִי נָא אEx 33:13 (JE) make me, I pray, to know thy ways,
that I may know thee; Je 16:21 Ez 20:4 ; 22:2 ; 43:11 Is 40:14 ( || ַת
ַדע וַיְַל ְמּדֵהוּ,
also v a ִינֵהוּ
) וַיְב, Pr 22:21 Jb 13:23 ψ 16:11 ; 25:4 ( || ) ַל ְמּ ֵדנִי, v 14 (on inf. c.
ְל v. Ges § 114. 2, R. 2, Exx.
), 39:5 ; 51:8 ; 143:8 ( || ענִי
ֵ ַשׁמִי
ְ אוֹדִי ֲע ָך ;) ה ַחטָּאתִי 32:5 (
|| ִי
;) עֲוֹנִי לֹא־ ִכסִּיתsq. 2 separate acc. Gn 41:39 ( E ), 1 S 14:12 Is 5:5 Ez 20:11 ;
16:2 Pr 1:23 Dn 8:19 ; acc. pers. om. Ex 18:16 ( E ); acc. rei om. Jos 4:22 =
teach one ( D ), so Is 40:13 , 2 S 7:21 1 K 1:27 ; = answer Jb 38:3 ; 40:7 ; 42:4 ; c.
sf. pers. , acc. rei om. Je 11:18 ; 16:21 Pr 22:19 ; sq. acc. rei + בּ ְ ψ 77:15 thou
hast made known thy might among the peoples , Is 12:4 1 Ch 18:8 = ψ 105:1 ; sq. cl.
+בּ ְ pers. Ho 5:9 ; sq. בֵּין, teach the difference between, to discriminate between
ַה ָטּמֵא ְלטָהוֹר בֵּיןEz 22:26 ; + sf. pers. 44:23 ( cf. Qal 1 d ); sq. מִןpartit. מוֹ ִדעִים
ֲשׁר יָבוֹאוּ
ֶ ָשׁים ֵמא ִ ֶל ֳחדIs 47:13 who declare, at the new moons, of ( the things ) which
are to come .
† Hoph. Pf. הוֹדַע Lv 4:23 , 28 ( v. Kö i , 427
); Pt. מוּ ַדעַת Qr Is 12:5 ( > Kt
—;) ְמיַֻדּעַתmade known ( Pt. ) Qr Is 12:5 let this be made known in ( בּ
ְ ) all the earth (
> Kt Pu. Pt. which is not elsewhere in this sense); sq. ֵאלָיוif his sin be made known
unto himself Lv 4:23 , 28 ( P ).
† Hithp. Impf. ֶא ְתוַָדּ֑ע Nu 12:6 ( E ), sq. אֶל־make oneself known to , of ; י׳ Inf.
ִה ְתוַדַּע אֶל־ Gn 45:1 ( E ), of Joseph.
†[ע
ַ ֵדּS 1843
TWOT 848
GK 1976
] n. [ m. ] knowledge, opinion (late)—only sf.
ֵדּעִיJb 32:6 + 3 times, and pl. ֵדּעִים37:16 ; all in speech of Elihu. 1. knowledge ,
ְתּמִים ד׳Jb 37:16 one perfect in knowledge (of God). 2. judgment, opinion Jb 36:3 ;
חַוֹּת ֵדּעִי32:6 to declare my opinion , so v 10 , 17 .
† ֵדּעָה S 1844
TWOT 848b
GK 1978
n. f. knowledge ( strictly Inf. of — ) ידע
ֵדּעָה ψ 73:11 + 3 times; pl. דֵּעוֹת1 S 2:3 Jb 36:4 ;— ְתּמִים ד׳Jb 36:4 (of
Elihu); of God’s knowledge, ֵל ד׳ י׳ א1 S 2:3 a God of knowledge is ( י׳on pl. v.
Dr ); ְיוֹן
יֵשׁ ֵדּעָה ְב ֶעלψ 73:11 ( || ;) אֵיכָה יָדַע־אֵלknowledge , with י׳as obj. Is
11:9 (where verbal force of noun appears); as taught by proph. Is 28:9 ; ֶם וְרָעוּ ֶא ְתכ
ַשׂכֵּיל
ְ ֵדּעָה וְהJe 3:15 of ’ י׳s shepherds (i.e. future ideal rulers). Gr proposes
(plausibly) ָעֹה ר, after , v. also Gie .
† ַ ֫דּעַת S 1847
TWOT 848c
GK 1981
n. f. ψ 139:6 Dn 12:4 ( m. Pr 2:10 ; 14:6
Gr H. Grätz.
inf. ); creative skill Is 40:14 ( || ָט
ִשׁפּ
ְמ אֹרַח, ) ֶדּ ֶר ְך תְּבוּנוֹת. c. of proph.
knowledge עליון יֹ ֵד ַע ד׳ Nu 24:16 (JE), cf. ψ 19:3 . d. especially knowledge with
moral quality Gn 2:9 , 17 ( J ; in both verbal force, ַע
טוֹב וָר הַדּ׳the knowing good
and evil ). e. knowledge possessed by God Jb 10:7 ψ 139:6 Pr 3:20 ( || ָה ָח ְכמand
) תְּבוּנָה, 21:12 ; taught by God to men ψ 94:10 ; 119:66 ( || ) טוּב ַטעַם, Pr 2:6 ( ||
תְּבוּנָהand ) ָח ְכמָה. f. = ַדּעַת־רוּ ַחwindy (unreal) knowledge Jb 15:2 . 2. especially
in WisdLt = discernment, understanding, wisdom: a. Jb 13:2 ; 33:3 ( ַי ) ד׳ ְשׂ ָפת,
לֹא ְבּ ַדעַתJb 34:35 ( || ) חכמה, Pr 8:9 , 10 ( || ) מוסר, 10:14 ; 11:9 ; 18:15 ( ×2 ) ;
22:12 ; 29:7 , cf. Is 32:4 ; 53:11 Je 10:14 = 51:17 ; בבלי דעתJb 35:16 ;
36:12 ; בלי ד׳38:2 ; 42:3 , ְלֹא ד׳ בּPr 19:2 ; || תְּבוּנָהPr 17:27 Is 44:19 ; ת׳+
חכמהPr 24:4 , || ְמזִמָּהPr 1:4 ; 5:2 ; ד׳ ְמזִמּוֹת8:12 ; || vb. ָערַם19:25 ; ||
מֹצֵעוֹת22:20 ; || מוּסָר12:1 ; 19:27 ; 23:12 ; || תּוֹרָהMal 2:7 ; || חכמהPr 14:6
Ec 1:16 , 18 ; 2:21 , 26 ; 7:12 ; 9:10 ; connected with ָם ָחכPr 21:11 Ec 12:9 ;
דברי חכמיםPr 22:17 ; Is 33:6 ( ) חכמתIs 44:25 ( ;) חכמיםwisdom of
magicians 47:10 Dn 1:4 ( || ָה ָח ְכמand ) ַמדָּע. b. in highest sense, knowledge of
God (incl. obedience) Ho 4:1 , 16 ( ַת ) ִמ ְבּלִי ַה ַדּע, v 6 ; 6:6 Jb 21:14 Pr 2:5 ( ||
) יראת י׳, so Is 11:2 ; 58:2 Je 22:16 (verbal force, c. acc. ), Pr 9:10 ( ד׳ קדשׁים
, || ) יראת י׳, 30:3 ( id. , || ָה ;) ָח ְכמv. also יִרְאַת י׳ ראשׁית ד׳1:7 ( || ָח ְכמָה מוּסָר
), v 22 , 29 ( || ְאַת י׳ ) יִר, 2:10 ( || ) ָח ְכמָה. c. opp. ִאוֶּלֶתPr 12:23 ; 13:16 ;
14:18 ; 15:2 cf. v 7 , also v 14 . d. ֵי־ד׳ ִשׂ ְפתPr 14:7 ; 20:15 ; אישׁ ד׳24:5 ( ||
) גֶּבֶר ָחכָם.— Dn 12:4 is dub. ; Bev read ָעֹת ותרבה ָהר.
Αδειηλ, Ιεδιηλ , etc. 2. one of David’s heroes according to 1 Ch 11:45 appar. = the
Manassite captain of 12:21 (Baer; van d. H. v 20 ), Ελθειηλ, Ιεδιηλ . 3. a
Korahite porter 1 Ch 26:2 Ιδερηλ, Ιεδιηλ .
† דְּעוּאֵל S 1845
GK 1979
n.pr. m. a Gadite, Nu 1:14 ; 7:42 , 47 ; 10:20 , but
in all Ραγουηλ , so Sam S רְעוּאֵלNu 2:14 , where, however, B
= and Heb.
Codd. ( ד׳all P ); v. further sub רעה.
† ִי
יִדְּעֹנS 3049 TWOT 848d GK 3362 n. m. familiar spirit ( proposes either as
knowing, wise (acquainted with secrets of unseen world), Ew vielwisserisch; or as
intimate acquaintance of soothsayer, v. RS JPh. xiv. 1885. 127 ) — abs. יִדְּעֹנִיDt
18:11 + 2 times; pl. יִדְּעֹנִים 1 S 28:3 + 6 times; ִן
מ ַהיִּדְּעֹנִי 1 S 28:9 , read
( ַהיִּדְּעֹנִים מִןv. Th We Klo Dr ); familiar spirit , always || אוֹב, אֹבוֹת1
S 28:3 , 9 Is 8:19 ; 19:3 2 K 21:6 ( ֵשׁ || ; עשׂה אוֹב נִח, = ) עוֹנֵן2 Ch 33:6 , 2 K
23:24 Lv 19:31 ; 20:6 , 27 (all H ; on last two cf. Acts 16:16 and Dr Dt 18:11
), Dt 18:11 ( || אוֹב+ ִים
) דֹּרֵשׁ אֶל־ ַה ֵמּת.
† מוֹדַע S 4129
TWOT 848e
GK 4530
, ָע
מֹדS 4129
TWOT 848e
GK 4530
n. m.
kinsman , ל
ְ מידעRu 2:1 Kt , but Qr מוֹדַעa kinsman of her husband; fig. מֹדָע
ַלבִּינָה ִת ְקרָאPr 7:4 a kinsman shalt thou call understanding ( || אֱמֹר ְל ָח ְכמָה
) אֲחֹתִי ֑אָ ְתּ.
מֹ ַד֫עS
† [ ַת 4130
TWOT 848f
GK 4531
] n. f. kindred, kinship — sg. sf.
מֹ ַד ְעתָּנוּ Ru 3:2 is not Boaz (of) our kindred?
† ַמדָּע S 4093
TWOT 848g
GK 4529
n. m. 2 Ch 1:12 knowledge, thought (late);
ַמדָּע 2 Ch 1:10 + 4 times; ך
ָ ַמדָּֽ ֲעEc 10:20 ;— 1. knowledge ( || ) ָח ְכמָהof
Solomon, 2 Ch 1:10 , 11 , 12 Dn 1:4 ( || ָה ָח ְכמand ) ַדּעַת, v 7 ( || ַשׂכֵל
ְ ) ה. 2.
place of knowledge, mind , (in our idiom also) thought Ec 10:20 .
Ol § 222 f
, cf. in Gk. τί μαθών ; ) — wherefore? on what account? Gn 26:27 מַדּוּ ַע
בָּאתֶם ֵא ָל֑י,
40:7 Ex 1:18 ; 2:18 ; 3:3 (in an indirect question), 5:14 ; 18:14 Lv
10:17 Jos 17:14 (all in Hex ), Ju 5:28 ( ×2 ) 2 S 3:7 ; 11:10 etc., Is 5:4 ; 50:2 ;
63:2 (all in Is.); in Jer. 16 times, often rhetorically, after a double question
introduced by ִם ֲה … א, expressing affected surprise: † 2:14 ( v. Gf ) is Israel a
slave (unable to defend himself)? wherefore , then, is he become a prey? (some other
cause must therefore be found for Israel’s misfortune), v 31 ; 8:5 , 19 , 22 ; 14:19
; 22:28 ; 49:1 , cf. 30:6 ; Jb 3:12 ; 18:3 (never in ψ ).
†[ יָהַבS 3051
TWOT 849
GK 2035
] vb. give ( Aramaic ַב
יְה, ; Arabic ; Ethiopic
Sab. יהבDHM ZMG xxix. 1875, 614 f. ול יהבId. ib 603 ) —only Qal Imv. הַבPr 30:15 ( ×2 ) ;
ָ ָ ֫הGn 11:3 + 10 times (6 times sq. monosyll.); ָה ָב֫הGn 29:21 before gutt. (
emph. בה
Di on Gn 28:2 Kö i . 418 ), fs. ב֫יִ ָהRu 3:15 ; mpl. הָב֫וּGn 47:16 + 16 times; ָ ֫הבוּ ִל֑י
Jb 6:22 (on these forms v. also Sta § 606 a Bö i . 225 Ges § 69. 2, R. 2 );— 1. give , sq.
acc. Gn 29:21 ( E ) give (me) my wife , 47:16 ( J ), Ru 3:15 Zc 11:12 ( price ); of
giving (i.e. causing to come forth, in deciding by lot) urim and Thummim 1 S 14:41 ( ×2 )
( We Dr , v. ִים ;) אוּרsq. acc. rei + לִיGn 30:1 ( E ), Ju 1:15 ; acc. rei + לָנוּ
Gn 47:15 ( J ), ψ 60:13 = 108:13 ; ל֑י
ִ ָ֥הבוּJb 6:22 (no acc. expr.); abs. ַ֤ ֤הב | ַ֥ ֫הב
Pr 30:15 . 2. = set , sq. acc. (Uriah) + ָה אֶל־מוּל ְפּנֵי ַה ִמּ ְל ָחמ2 S 11:15 2. 3. with
reflex. ל
ִ ( v. ל, 5 h ) = provide , c. acc. ָשׁים ֲח ָכמִים ִ הָבוּ ֶלכֶם ֲאנDt 1:13 ; Jos 18:4
(JE), Ju 20:7 2 S 16:20 . 4. ascribe glory, etc., to ( י׳God): c. ל ְ כבודψ 29:1 ( ×2 ) , 2
= 96:7 ( ×2 ) , 8 = 1 Ch 16:28 ( ×2 ) , 29 ; ֶל לאלהינו ה׳ גֹדDt 32:3 (poem) ascribe
greatness to our God . 5. = come now (orig. grant, permit ), before voluntat.: Gn 11:3 ,
4 , 7 ; 38:16 (all J ), Ex 1:10 ( E ).
† [ ָב
יְהS 3053
TWOT 849a
GK 3365
] n. [ m. ] lot ( what is given ) ? cf.
יַ ֲהבַת ψ 11:6 , ִית
יְ ַהבEc 5:10 .— י׳ יְהָֽ ְבּ ָך
ַשׁ ֵל ְך עַל
ְ הψ 55:23 cast on י׳thy lot
(the care, anxiety, etc. which are thy portion; cf. ַל־י׳ דרכך גּוֹל עψ 37:5 ).
II. n.pr. terr. land of Judah , f. Is 7:6 Je 23:6 = 33:16 , Jo 4:30 ψ 114:2 +
; ארץ יְהוּדֶה1 S 22:5 2 K 23:24 + ; אדמת יהודהIs 19:17 ; ֵי יהודה ָער2 S 2:1
1 K 12:17 2 K 18:13 ; 23:5 , 8 Is 40:9 ; 44:26 Zc 1:12 ψ 69:36 La 5:11 ; also
15 times Chr., 23 times Jer.; ִיהודה בּJos 19:34 Ju 15:9 + ; מיהודה1 K 13:1 + ;
הר יהודה2 Jos 11:21 ( D ), 20:7 ; 21:11 ( P ), 2 Ch 27:4 ; יהודה נֶגֶבthe south (
country ) of Judah 1 S 27:11 2 S 24:7 ; יהודה מדבר Ju 1:16 ψ 63:1 (title).
† I. ִי
יְהוּדS 3064 , 3065
TWOT 850a
GK 3374 , 3375
adj. gent. Jewish , as subst. a
Jew ;— adj. m. אִישׁ יְהוּדִי Zc 8:23 ; pl. ָשׂים יְהוּדִים
ִ ֲאנJewish men Je 43:9 Estr
2:5 ; as subst. Je 34:9 Est 3:4 ; ִי
ַהיְהוּדthe Jew Est 5:13 ; 6:10 ; 8:7 ; 9:23 , 31 ;
10:3 ; f. דיָּה
ִ ַהיְּ ֻהthe Jewess 1 Ch 4:18 ; pl. Jews יְהוּדִיםJe 52:28 , 30 ; ַהיְּהוּדִים
the Jews 2 K 16:25 ; 25:25 Je 32:12 ; 38:19 ; 40:11 , 12 ; 41:3 ; 44:1 Ne 1:2 ;
2:16 ; 3:33 , 34 ; 4:6 ; 5:1 , 8 , 17 ; 6:6 ; 13:23 Est 3:6 , 10 , 13 ; 4:3 , 13 , 14
, 16 ; 6:13 ; 8:3 , 5 , 8 , 9 ( ×2 ) , 11 , 16 , 17 ( ×2 ) ; 9:1 ( ×2 ) , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 10 ,
12 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 ( ×2 ) , 25 , 27 , 28 , 30 ; 10:3 ; ִיי֯ם ַהיְּהוּדEst
4:7 ; 8:1 , 7 , 13 ; 9:15 , 18 .
† I. ִית
יְהוּדS 3066 , 3067 TWOT 850b GK 3376 , 3377 adj. gent. , f. of foregoing, but
only as adv. in Jewish = in the Jewish language 2 K 18:26 , 28 = Is 36:11 , 13
= 2 Ch 32:18 ; Ne 13:24 .
Jerus. Jerusalem.
† II. יְהוּדִיתS 3066 , 3067 TWOT 850b
GK 3376 , 3377
( relation to foregoing
n.pr. f.
names obscure ) —wife of Esau Gn 26:34 , daughter of ִי
ְבּ ֵארthe Hittite (not named
Gn 36:1 ); Ιουδιν .
† [ ] יהדvb. denom.Hithp. become a Jew —only pt. ִמ ְתיַ ֲהדִים Est 8:17 many of
the people of the land were becoming Jews .
יהוה S 3068 , 3069 , 3070 , 3071 , 3072 , 3073 , 3074 TWOT 484a
GK 3378
n.pr. dei , v. sub הוה
p. 217 ff.
√ ( יהץof foll.; Arabic break, split ; valide calcavit; terra depressa et rotunda ) .
† ֫יַהַץS 3096 GK 3403
֫יַ ְהצS
, ָה 3096
GK 3404
n.pr.loc. in Moab, site unknown (
MI 19.20
יהץ — ) יהץ Is 15:4 Je 48:34 ; c. ה יָ ְה֑צָה, on border of territory of
loc.
Amorites (under Sihon) Nu 21:23 ְבּיָ ְה֑צJu 11:20 ; called יַ ֲה ָצ֫הJos
Dt 2:32 ; also ָה
֫יַ ְהצ1 Ch 6:63 (Levit. city in Reuben), Je 48:21 .
13:18 (assigned to Reuben); ָה
יהרTWOT 851
( √ of foll.; cf. NH יָהַרHithp. shew oneself haughty , adj. ; יָהִיר
Aramaic ַר
יְהPa. be haughty , adj. ; יְהִירָאcf. Arabic be insane ) .
יְהוֹ׳ = יו׳n.pr. cpd. with v. sub יהוהsupr. p. 222 :—viz. יוֹאָב, ֶח
יוֹא, יוֹאָחָז
, ֵל
יוֹא, יוֹאָשׁ, יוֹיָכִין, יוֹיָקִים, יוֹיָרִיב, יוֹעֵד, יוֹעָשׁ, יוֹקִים, יוֹרָם, יוֹתָם, etc.
MI Mesha-Inscription.
† יוֹב S 3102
GK 3410
n.pr. m. son of Issachar Gn 46:13 , but read rather יָשׁוּבas
Sam. Nu 26:24 1 Ch 7:1 ( Qr ) S Ol al. ; Ιασουθ , L Ιασουβ .
יוֹבָב S 3103
GK 3411 , 3412
n.pr. v. יוֹבֵל ; יבב, יוּבַל v. יבל.
יוּכַל S 3116
GK 3426
n.pr. m. v. יְהוּכַלsub יהוה supr. p. 220 .
יוֹםS 3117
TWOT 852
GK 3427
2285 n. m. Gn 1:5 day ( NH id. ; Aramaic ָא
יומ, ;
Ph. ; יםMI ימן, sf. ימיl.
5
, pl. cstr. ימיl. 8 , sf. 3 ms. ימהl. 8 ; SI 3 יםl
6.9.33
Zinj. יוםDHM Sendsch. Gloss ; Palm. יוםVog No. 123 a, Oxon. iii, ; Arabic ; Ethiopic Sab.
יום, יםMordt ZMG 1876, 29 , יומהDHM ZMG 1883, 328 SabDenkm 61 ; Assyrian ummu,
ûmu COT Gloss ; deriv. unknown: on √ and relation of יוםto Ph. ימם, Aramaic ימם, ,
v. Nö ZMG 1886, 721 Ba ZMG 1887, 632 f. ) — יוֹםabs. Gn 1:5 + ; cstr. Gn 2:4 + ; sf.
יוֹ ְמ ָךJe 50:31 ; יוֹמוֹEx 5:13 + 22 times; יוֹמָםJe 50:27 Ez 21:34 ; du. † יוֹ ַמ֫יִםEx
21:21 ; מ֑יִם ָ יוֹEx 16:29 Nu 11:19 ; יֹ ַמ֫יִם9:22 ; יֹ ָמ֑יִםHo 6:2 † ; pl. יָמִיםGn 4:3
+ ; ִם יָמNu 6:5 ; ( יָמִיןAramaic form; Ges § 87. 1 a ) Dn 12:13 ; ִמיָּמִים יָ ִמ֫ימָהEx 13:10
+ 4 times; cstr. ֵי יְמGn 3:14 + ; † יְמוֹתDt 32:7 ψ 90:15 † ; sf. יָמַיJb 7:6 + 9
times; מ֑י ָ ָ יGn 29:21 + 8 times; יָמֵינוּJe 35:8 + 7 times, etc.;— 1. day , opp. night, Gn
7:4 , 12 ; 8:22 (all J ), 31:39 , 40 ( E ), Ex 24:18 ; 34:28 Nu 11:32 ( ×2 ) Jos 10:13
(all JE), Dt 9:9 , 11 , 18 , 25 ; 10:10 ( D ), Gn 1:5 , 14 , 16 , 18 ( P ), 1 S 30:12 Ju
19:8 , 9 ( ×2 ) , 11 Am 5:8 1 K 8:29 ; 19:8 Ne 4:16 Ec 8:16 ; || ֶשׁ ַשּׁמֶ ִל ְפנֵי בוֹא־ה2
S 3:35 ; ַיּ׳
ה חֹם Gn 18:1 ( J ) the heat of the day 1 S 11:11 2 S 4:5 ; עוֹד
הַיּ׳ גָּדוֹלGn
29:7 ( J ) the day is still high , not near its end; ַיּ׳
רוּ ַח ה3:8 cool of the day; ַמ ֲחצִית הַיּ׳
מִן־הָאוֹר עַד־Ne 8:3 3 so also prob. of mid-day הוֹלך ואור עַד־נְכוֹן הַיּוֹםPr 4:18
growing lighter and lighter until the full day; note phr. in Ju 19 , ַיּ׳ עַד־נְטוֹת הJu 19:8
until the declining of the day; ֲרוֹב ָרפָה הַיּ׳ ַלעv 9 the day hath sunk down to become
SI Siloam Inscription.
SabDenkm Sabäische Denkmäler, edd. Mordmann & Müller .
evening; ַיּ׳
חֲנוֹת הv 9 the declining of the day; מְאֹד הַיּ׳ רַד v 11 the day has gone
down exceedingly (is far spent).
3. יוֹם י׳day of Yahweh , chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often
blessedness for righteous ( v. RS Proph. 396 f. Dr Is 28 ); Am 5:18 ( ×2 ) , 20 Is 2:12 ;
13:6 , 9 Zp 1:7 ( cf. v 8 ), v 14 ( ×2 ) ( cf. v 15 , 16 ), Je 46:10 Ez 13:5 ; 30:3 (
cf. 36:33 ; 39:8 , 11 , 13 ), Ob 15 Zc 14:1 Mal 3:23 ( cf. Zc 14:7 Mal 3:2 , 17 ,
19 ( ×2 ) , 21 ), Jo 1:15 ; 2:1 , 11 ( cf. v 2 ( ×2 ) ), 3:4 ; 4:14 ; ַת י׳
יוֹם ֶע ְברZp 1:18 ;
יוֹם ֶע ְב ָרהPr 11:4 ; יוֹם חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹIs 13:13 La 1:12 ; יוֹם נָקָםIs 34:8 ; 61:2 ; 63:4 ;
יוֹם נְ ָקמָהJe 46:10 ; יוֹם אף י׳Zp 2:2 , 3 La 2:22 ; יוֹם אַפּוֹLa 2:1 ; cf. also Zc
14:7 (where sense of 1 and 2 are combined, cf. Est 4:16 2 c supr. ); ָד הוּא יִּוָּדַע ֶאח
לי׳ לֹא יוֹם וְלֹא ָל֑יְלָה וְ ָהיָה יוֹם־but there shall be one day, known shall it be of י׳,
not day and not night; cf. also ביום ההוא7 g infr.
4. Pl. days of any one: a. = his life, his age Gn 6:3 ( J ), Dt 22:19 , 29 ; 23:7 Jos
24:31 ( ×2 ) ( D ), Ju 2:7 ( ×2 ) , 18 1 S 25:28 , etc.; Gn 5:4 , 8 , 11 ; 9:29 ; 11:32 (all
P ), Jb 7:1 ( ×2 ) , 6 , 16 ; 8:9 ψ 39:5 , 6 ; 90:9 , 10 , 12 , 14 ; 103:15 ; ך ָ כָּל־יְמֵי ַחיֶּי
Gn 3:14 , 17 ( J ), ψ 23:6 , so Pr 31:12 ; חיִּים
ַ יְמֵי ְשׁנֵי2 S 19:35 Gn 25:7 ; 47:8 , 9
(all P ); חיָּיו
ַ יְמֵיEc 5:17 , 19 ; יְמֵי ָשׁנָיו6:3 ; יְמֵי ְשׁנוֹתֵינוּψ 90:10 ; ִמ ְספַּר יְמֵי
ַחיֵּיהֶםEc 2:3 ; יְמֵי ַחיֵּי ֶהבְלוֹ ִמ ְספַּר6:12 the number of the days of his vain life , i.e.
his empty, fleeting years; מה ָ ֲשׁר־הֵם ַחיִּים עַל־ ְפּנֵי ָה ֲא ָד ֶ כָּל־ ַהיָּמִים א1 K 8:40 ; יָמִים
ַרבִּיםlong life 1 K 3:11 = 2 Ch 1:11 ; בָּא ַבּיָּמִיםadvanced in days = of advanced
age Gn 18:11 ; 24:1 (both J ), Jos 13:1 ( ×2 ) (JE), 23:1 , 2 ( D ), 1 K 1:1 ; ָיו ִמיָּמ1 K
1:6 from his (earliest) days , so ך ָ ִמיָּמֶי1 S 25:28 ( v. Dr ), Jb 38:12 ; ְשׂבַע יָמִיםJb
24:17 1 K 8:40 ; ך ָ יַ ֲארִכוּן יָמֶיEx 20:12 (JE) that thy days may be long = Dt 5:16 , v.
further ך ; ארך ְ תּוֹסִיף יָמִים עַל־יְמֵי־ ֶמ ֶלψ 61:7 i.e. prolong the king’s life; outlive is
ֶה ֱארִי ְך יָמִים אַ ֲחרֵיJos 24:31 ( D ), Ju 2:7 ; וּשׁנוֹת ַחיִּים אֹ ֶר ְך יָמִים ְ Pr 3:2 length of
days and years of life; ִים אֹ ֶר ְך יָמv 16 , ְכּיָמֶי ָך דבאךDt 33:25 according to (the
length of) thy life shall be [ thy strength ? read ]? רבאךv. Di VB ; rarely sg. e.g.
ְשׁה־ יוֹם ֵ קJb 30:25 one hard of day , i.e. whose day ( = life ) was hard; of life as
approaching its end, ָמוּת וַיִּ ְקרְבוּ יְמֵי ישׂראל לGn 47:29 ( J ) and the days of Israel
drew near for dying , so Dt 31:14 1 K 2:1 ( cf. Jb 7:6 , 16 ; 8:9 Ec 2:3 supr. ) b. (
in ) the days of (i.e. life-time, reign, or activity of) Gn 10:25 ( J ) 14:1 Ju 5:6 ( ×2 ) ;
8:28 2 S 21:1 1 K 16:34 ; 21:29 ( ×2 ) ; 22:47 2 K 20:19 2 Ch 13:20 ; 35:18 + often
indef. indefinite.
אוֹ חֹדֶשׁ אוֹ־יָמִיםNu 9:22 ( P ) distrib. Nu 14:34 ( ×2 ) ( P ), Ez 4:6 ( ×2 ) ; וּ ְכעֵת צֵאת
ַהקֵּץ ְליָמִים ְשׁנַיִם וַיְהִי ְליָמִים ִמיָּמִים2 Ch 21:19 and it came to pass at days from days
( = after some days) even about the time of the outgoing of the end of two (series of)
days (i.e. prob. years , v. Be).
Lag P. de Lagarde.
ְלעֶת־יוֹם בְּיוֹם1 Ch 12:22 ; עֹלֹת יוֹם בְּיוֹםEzr 3:4 ; ִבּ ְדבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹם2 Ch 8:13 ;
מִיּוֹם אֶל־יוֹםfrom day to day 1 Ch 16:23 = מִיּוֹם לְיוֹםψ 96:2 ( Est 3:7 v. infr. );
† יוֹם וָיוֹםEst 3:4 (very late, v. ְ ו1 i ( b ), p. 253 supr. and Dr Intr. 505 ); ָל־יוֹם ְבּכ
וָיוֹם2:11 ; † כְּיוֹם בִּיוֹם1 S 18:10 as daily = according to daily habit; (2) מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם
ִמיָּמִים יָ ִמ֫ימv. 6 c ); (3)
Est 3:7 , is in phr. of casting lots for one day after another; ( ָה
of daily duties, observances, etc.: † ַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ ְדּבeach day’s affair in its day Ex 5:13
, 19 ; 16:4 (all J ), Lv 23:37 ( H ), 1 K 8:59 2 K 25:30 = Je 52:34 , Ezr 3:4 Ne
11:23 ; 12:47 Dn 1:5 ; ְיוֹמוֹ ִל ְדבַר יוֹם בּ1 Ch 16:37 2 Ch 8:14 ; 31:16 . f. †
כָּל־ ַהיָּמִים= always, continually , Gn 43:9 ; 44:32 (both J ), Dt 4:40 ; 5:26 ; 6:24 ;
11:1 14:23 ; 18:5 ; 19:9 ; 28:29 , 33 Jos 4:24 ( D ), Ju 16:16 1 S 2:32 , 35 18:29 ;
23:14 ; 28:2 2 S 13:37 ; 19:14 Je 31:36 ; 32:39 ; 33:18 ; 35:19 1 K 5:15 ; 9:3 ;
11:36 , 39 ; 12:7 ; 14:30 2 K 8:19 ; 13:3 ; 17:37 2 Ch 7:16 ; 10:7 ; 12:15 ; 21:7
Jb 1:5 ; also (only in proph. writers and in poetry) † ַיּוֹם
כָּל־הGn 6:5 ( J ), Ho 12:2
Dt 28:32 ; 33:12 Je 20:7 , 8 Is 28:24 , 51:13 ; 52:5 (both ִיד ) כל־היום ָתּמ, 65:2 , 5
La 1:13 ; 3:3 , 14 , 62 ψ 25:5 ; 32:3 ; 35:28 ; 37:26 ; 38:7 , 13 ; 42:4 , 11 ; 44:9 ,
16 , 23 ; 52:3 ; 56:2 , 3 , 6 ; 71:8 , 15 , 24 ; 72:15 ; 73:14 ; 74:22 ; 86:3 ; 88:18 ;
89:17 ; 102:9 ; 119:97 Pr 21:26 ; 23:17 . g. additional phr. c. בְּ = on a particular
day: ַיּוֹם
בּ ִישׁי
ִ ַה ֲחמJu 19:18 , so Gn 2:2 ( ×2 ) + often; ְבּכָל־יוֹםevery day ψ 7:12 ;
88:10 ; 145:2 ; ַהוּא בַּיּוֹם הof definite time in past Gn 15:18 ; 33:16 + ( v. also 3 supr.
); cf. ַיּוֹם
( ַהזֶּה הnon prep.) 1 S 24:11 (JE); בַּיּוֹם הַהוּאof time defined in subsequent
context, 1 S 3:2 at that time when Eli was laid down, i.e. at the particular time of the
foll. incident ( = at a certain time, on one particular day; cf. Gn 39:11 sub h ; see Da
Synt. § 21.e.R. 1, 2
and especially Dr 1 S 1:4 ; 19:3 ); הזֶּה
ַ בַּיּוֹםGn 7:11 + ; ְבּ ֶעצֶם הַיּוֹם
ַהזֶּהon this selfsame day Gn 7:13 + ( v. ֶם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא ;) ֶעצalso of future 1 S 3:12 Dt
( ×2 )
31:17 , 18 ; and very often in proph., as formula in describing what is to come at
time of future blessing, retribution, etc., Am 8:3 , 9 Ho 2:18 , 20 , 23 etc., especially
Is 2:11 , 17 , 20 ; 3:7 , 18 ; 4:1 , 2 + often; pl. ֵם ַבּיָּמִים ָההof past Gn 6:4 ( J ), Ju
18:1 ( ×2 )
19:1 ; 21:25 1 S 3:1 + often; of future Dt 17:9 ; 19:17 ; 26:3 . h. c. ְךּ:
כַּיּוֹםas or like the day ψ 139:12 ; כַּיּוֹם הַהוּאJos 10:14 ; כְּיוֹםHo 2:5 as at the day of;
כְּיוֹם ָתּמִיםJos 10:13 about a whole day; † כַּיּוֹםlit. at ( about ) 7 = now ( v. ְךּ1 S
9:27 1 K 22:5 = 2 Ch 18:4 Is 58:4 ; so † ַיּוֹם ְכּה1 S 9:13 + v 12 We Dr (for
MT ) כי היום, Ne 5:11 ; † ַיּוֹם = כּat once, first of all Gn 25:31 , 33 1 S 2:16 1 K
1:51 ; often c. adj. pron. to point out agreement of result with promise or prediction, †
כַּיּוֹם ַהזֶּהas it is at this day Gn 50:20 ( E ), 1 S 22:8 , 13 , and especially Dt Je and
subseq. writings: Dt 2:30 ; 4:20 , 38 ; 8:18 ; 10:15 ; 29:27 Je 11:5 ; 25:18 (gloss,
om. , cf. especially Kue Einl. § 56. 1 ), 32:20 ; 44:6 , 23 1 K 3:6 ; 8:24 , 61 1 Ch
28:7 2 Ch 6:15 Dn 9:7 , 15 ; so † הזֶּה ַ ְכּהַיּוֹםDt 6:24 Je 44:22 Ezr 9:7 , 15 Ne
9:10 ; in Gn 39:11 ( J ) this phr. = on this particular day (when the incident to be
narrated occurred; cf. ביום ההואg ְל: לְיוֹםon, at (lit. with reference to )
supr. ) i. c.
† Ho 9:5 what will ye do on the day of assembly , etc., Is 10:3 ; ָד
( ×2 )
לְיוֹם ֶאח1 K 5:2
bread for one day; ַד וְלֹא ִשׁנַיִם ַה ְמּלָאכָה לֹא לְיוֹם ֶאח
ְ לEzr 10:13 ; distrib. phr. ֶאחָד
ָשׂיאִ ָשׂיא ֶאחָד לַיּוֹם נ
ִ לַיּוֹם נNu 7:11 ( P ), Jb 21:30 ( ×2 ) ; cf. לַיּוֹםMal 1:17 ; לַיּום
against , i.e. in expectation of Ex 19:11 , so ָב ְליוֹם ְקרJb 38:23 Pr 21:31 ; לְיוֹם קוּמִי
alm. = until Zp 3:8 ; פנֵי יוֹם ְ ִלIs 48:7 3 late phr. are † ְליָמִים ִמיָּמִים2 Ch 21:19 =
in the course of time; ִים ְליָמִים ַרבּDn 8:26 at (the end of) many days; = לַיּוֹםfor
every day, daily , † Ex 29:36 , 38 Nu 7:11 ( ×2 ) ; 28:3 , 24 1 Ch 26:17 ( ×2 ) Je 37:21
Ez 4:10 ; 43:25 ; 45:23 ( ×2 ) ; 46:13 ; ַיּוֹם
לin exclam. הָהּ לַיּ׳Ez 30:2 alas for the
day! ליּ׳
ַ ֲאהָהּ Jo 1:15 . j. c. מִן: מִיּוֹםsince the day ( time ) of (or when ), Ex 10:6 Lv
23:15 Dt 9:24 1 S 7:2 etc.; ִיּוֹם הראשׁן מEx 12:15 from the first day (on om. of art.
v. Dr § 209 (1)
); ֵי השׁפטים מִימ2 K 23:22 , etc.; = מִיּוֹם3 Is 43:13 Ez 48:35 ; ֵמהַיּוֹם
הַהוּא וָ ָמ֑ ְעלָה1 S 16:13 ; 30:25 from that day forward; so ֵמהַיּ׳ הַה׳ וָ ָ ֑הלְאָה1 S 18:9 ;
מִן־הַיּוֹם ַהזֶּה וָ ָמ֑ ְעלָהHg 2:15 , 18 from this day onward ( v. Add. on p. 751b );
עַד־הַיּוֹם ַהזֶּהGn 47:26 until now; ִמיָּמִים ַרבִּיםafter many days Jos 23:1 Ez 38:8 ;
ִמיָּמִיםafter a time Ju 11:4 ; 14:8 ; 15:1 ; but usually ִמקֵּץ י׳, v. מִיֹּ ָמ֑יִם ; קֵץHo 6:2
after two days; — ָה ִמיָּ ִמים יָ ִמ֫ימv. e. (4) supr. † k. c. ( ְלמִןv. ְלad fin. ): ְלמִן הַיּוֹם
ֲשׁר
ֶ אDt 4:32 ; 9:7 2 S 7:11 Je 7:25 ; 32:31 Hg 2:18 ; twice sq. inf. appos. Ex
9:18 2 S 19:25 ( cf. also 2 Ch 8:16 ; v. Dr Sm & § 190, Obs. ); ֵי ְלמִימ: לם׳ ֶקדֶם2 K
19:25 since days of old = long ago , cf. Mal 3:7 since the days of your fathers. † 1.
עַד (ה)יום: עַד יוֹם ָה ֶאחָד וגו׳Ex 12:18 until the 21 st day , Lv 19:6 + ; עַד־יוֹם מוֹתוֹ
Ju 13:7 1 S 15:35 2 S 6:23 + , etc., v. also ( sq. inf. ) c. supr. ; ַיּוֹם
עַד־ה2, denoting
especially permanence of a name or situation, or of result of an event, † Gn 19:37 , 38 (
J ), 35:20 ( E ), 2 K 10:27 Ez 20:31 † ; more often הזֶּה ַ עַד־הַיּוֹםuntil this day Gn
26:33 ( J ), 31:33 ( P or R ), 47:26 ( J ), 48:15 ( E ), Ex 10:6 Nu 22:30 (both J ),
Dt 2:22 ; 3:14 ; 10:8 ; 11:4 ; 29:3 34:6 Jos 4:9 ; 5:9 ; 6:25 ; 7:26 ( ×2 ) ; 8:28 , 29 ;
9:27 ; 13:13 ; 14:14 ; 15:63 ; 16:10 (all JE), 22:3 ( D ), v 17 ( P ), 23:8 , 9 ( D ),
Ju 1:21 , 26 ; 6:24 ; 10:4 ; 15:19 ; 18:12 ; 19:30 1 S 5:5 ; 6:18 ; 8:8 ; 12:2 ; 27:6 ;
29:3 , 6 , 8 ; 30:25 2 S 4:3 ; 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11 , 2 S 7:6 = 1 Ch 17:5 , 2 S 18:18
+ often; ַיּוֹם
† ַהזֶּה עַד־ ֶעצֶם הJos 10:27 (JE), Ez 2:3 ( cf. Lv 23:14 H ); הַיּוֹם הַהוּא
עַד־ † Ju 18:1 Ne 8:17 . m. once טוֹב עַל־יוֹם 1 S 25:8 upon a good day , i.e. a day
of social cheerfulness, feasting, rejoicing ( c. rare ַל
עtemp. cf. Dr ; טוֹב ) יוֹםalso Est
8:17 ; 9:19 , 22 , v. טוֹב adj. )
יוֹמָם S 3119
TWOT 852a
GK 3429
51 subst. and adv. daytime, by day ( cf.
Aramaic ָא
יְ ָממ, day (as opp. to night ); יֵמָםby day; perhaps Ph. ( ימםin dates,
before num. ), CIS I. i. 10. 1(see note)
; so Nö ZDMG 1886, 721
: on ָ — ם, v. sub חנָּם
ִ )—
1. subst. daytime (rare) Je 15:9 בעוד יומםwhile it is yet daytime , 33:20b ְל ִב ְלתִּי
הֱיוֹת יומם ולילהdaytime and night, v 25 ?( ְבּרִיתִי י׳ ולילהread יוֹםas v 20a );
Ez 30:16 ָם ָצרֵי יוֹמfoes of daytime , i.e. coming by day ( cf. Je 15:8 ; but text
appar. defective, v. Sm ); once (late) ָם ( בְּיוֹמcf. ְבּיֵמָם1 S 25:16 Jb 5:14
), Ne 9:19 (varied from Ex 13:21 Dt 1:33 ) יומם.— Nu 9:21 the sense required is
(during) a day and a night; read prob. יוֹם. 2. adv. in the daytime, by day , Nu 10:34
Jb 24:16 (but v. ֵם ) ִחתּ, Is 4:6 Ez 12:3 , 4 , 7 ; mostly c. ַליְלָה, and then often
poet. = continually: so ָה יוֹמָם וַָליְלEx 13:21 Jos 1:8 1 K 8:59 ψ 1:2 ; 32:4 + ,
† ַליְלָה וְיוֹמָםDt 28:66 Is 34:10 Je 14:17 , in parallel clauses (especially in
poetry) 2 S 21:10 Is 21:8 Je 31:35 ψ 22:3 ; 42:9 ; 91:5 ; 121:6 + . ψ 13:3 by
day yields a lame sense: either add ָה
( וַָליְל Del Gr Ch), or read יוֹם ( יֹם יֹם
) יוֹם Lag Nov. Psalt. Gr. Ed. Spec, 13
Now .
7. 53;
Lag M i. 228 = Pers. wanâ , but improb.; Sta § 259 a conject. יוֹנָהto be from אָנָה
mourn , so Dl Pa 157 ) .
† I. ָה
יוֹנS 3123 , 3124 , 3238
TWOT 854a , 873
GK 3433 , 3434 , 3435
n. f. dove ( NH id. ;
Aramaic id. , ) — abs. יוֹנָהGn 8:8 + 20 times; cstr. יוֹנַתψ 56:1 ; sf. יוֹנָתִיCt
2:14 + 2 times; pl. יוֹנִיםNa 2:8 + 6 times; cstr. יוֹנֵיEz 7:16 ( v. infr. );— dove
Gn 8:9 , 10 , 11 , 12 (all J ); often of offerings, ֶן־יוֹנָה בּLv 12:6 ( P ; an
individual of the species; || בּנֵי (ה)יונה ;) תֹּר
ְ ( || ) תֹּרִים1:14 ; 5:7 , 11 ; 12:8 ;
† II. ָה
יוֹנS 3123 , 3124 , 3238
TWOT 854a , 873
GK 3433 , 3434 , 3435
n.pr. m. prophet,
according to 2 K 14:25 he was ִיא ַהנָּב, son of ֲא ִמתַּי, from גַּת ַה ֵחפֶר, and predicted
the recovery of Isr.’s territory which Jerob. II effected; he is also the principal figure
of the Book of Jonah: 1:1 ( ַי בֶּן־ ֲא ִמתּ, v 3 , 5 , 7 , 15 2:1 ( ×2 ) , 2 , 11 ; 3:1 , 3
, 4 ; 4:1 , 5 , 6 ( ×2 ) , 8 , 9 .
† [ ִי
יְוָנS 3125
GK 3436
] adj. gent. only c. art. as n.pr. gent. : ְרוּשׁ ַל ִם
ָ וּ ְבנֵי י
ְמ ַכ ְרתֶּם ִל ְבנֵי ַהיְּוָנִ֑ים Jo 4:6 ( ῞Ελληνες ) and the sons of Jerusalem ye have
sold to the sons of the Ionians ( cf. יָוָן Ez 27:13 ).— Vid. Sta ib.
יוֹסֵף S 3130
TWOT 876a
GK 3441
, פיָה
ְ יוֹ ִסS 3131
GK 3442
v. sub יסף.
יוֹעֵאלָה S 3132
GK 3443
v. sub יעל.
יוֹעָשׁ S 3135
GK 3447
v. p. 222 .
יוּשׂב ֶח֫סֶד
ַ v. sub שׁוּב.
יוֹשׁה
ָ S 3144
GK 3459
, ְשׁוְיָה
ַ יv. sub ישׁה.
יזעTWOT 857
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic fluxit aqua ( Frey ); NH and Aramaic in
derive., v. infr. )
† [ ֫יֶזַעS 3154
TWOT 857a
GK 3472
] n. [ m. ] sweat ( v. זֵעָה infr. ) — ַביָּ֑זַע
לֹא יַ ְחגְּרוּ Ez 44:18 del. Co q.v.
† [ ָה
זֵעS 2188
TWOT 857b
GK 2399
] n. f. sweat ( NH ( זִיעָהLevy), better זֵיעָה
(Jastr); Aramaic ָא
דֵּי ְעתּ, ) — אַפֶּי ָך תֹּאכַל ֶלחֶם ְבּזֵעַת Gn 3:19 ( J ).
†[ יָחַדS 3161
TWOT 858
GK 3479
] vb. be united ( Arabic be alone , II. make one;
NH Pi. ֵד
יִּחmake or declare one; Aramaic יַחֵדunite , set alone ) — Qal Impf. 3 fs.
Gn 49:6 ִבּ ְק ָהלָם אַל־ ֵתּחַד כְּבוֹדִיin their assembly let my glory not be united ( || תָּבֹא
ְשׁי בְּסֹדָם אַל־
ִ ;) נַפ2 fs. Is 14:20 לֹא ֵתחַד ִאתָּם ִבּקְבוּרָה. Pi. Imv. ψ 86:11 יַחֵד
לֳי֑ח
Ch 12:17 (peculiar) ַד יִ ְהיֶה־לִּי ֲעלֵיכֶֹם ֵלבָבI will have a heart toward you for
unitedness , i.e. my heart shall be ready to become one with yours ( cf. v 38 לב
) אחד. 2. elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together ( cf. Arabic in acc.
with sf. in his solitariness = alone ) — a. together , of community in action, place,
or time (often combined, but one usually more prominent than the others); (1) in
action, Jb 38:7 ַד כּוֹ ְכבֵי בֹקֶר ְבּרָן־יַחwhen the stars of God shouted together; Ezr
4:3 we together will build ( opp. to you ), with ַם
נִ ְלח1 S 17:10 , ִשׁפַּט
ְ נIs 43:26 ;
(2) in place 1 S 11:11 ; ולא נשׁארו בם שׁנים יָ֑חַד2 S 10:15 וַיֵּ ֽאָסְפוּ יָ֑חַדψ 2:2 ;
31:14 ; 88:18 , 133:1 ַד ֶשׁבֶת יַח, Is 50:8 , as pred. Mi 2:12 ֲשׂימֶנּוּ ִ ( ; יַחַד א3) in
place and time at once, 2 S 21:9 ַד וַיִּפְּלוּ יָ֑חand they perished together , 14:16 to
destroy ( ; אתי ואת בני יחד4) of time alone (poet.) Is 42:14 ֶשׁאַף יחד ְ אֶשֹּׁם וְאI
will gasp and pant together , 45:8 Jb 6:2 ; 10:8 ; 17:16 read ח֑ת ָ ֵ נfor ( ֑נָחַתv. pp.
94b , 629a ); ַד יַחhere will then belong to (1); ψ 141:10 יחד אנכי עד אעבורwhile
I at the same time pass on. b. all together, altogether (poet. syn. of ָם ֻכּלּ, but more
forcible, suggesting often, especially with כל, all at once , as well as altogether ), Is
44:11 ( יפחדו יבשׁו יחדcf. ψ 40:15 ), ψ 62:10 ַד ֵהמָּה ֵמ ֶהבֶל יַחthey are all
together (made) of vanity, Is 22:3 ( כל קציניך נדדו יחדwith כלalso ψ 41:8 Jb
34:15 ): often in poet. beginning a clause with emph., Dt 33:5 Jb 3:18 יחד אסירים
Bi G. Bickell.
שׁאננו, 16:10 ; 19:12 גדודיו יחד יבאו, 24:4 ; 31:38 ψ 41:8 ; 98:8 Ho 11:7
(with a neg.), v 8 ; in connexion with a sf. , or obj. of a vb. , Is 27:4 אציתנה
֑יָחַדI will burn it altogether , הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד ִלבָּםwho formeth the hearts of
ψ 33:15
them all together , 74:6 , 8 Jb 10:8 ִיב יַחַד ָסבaltogether round about (but read
perhaps with S Del Di ) אַחַר תִּסּוֹב, 40:13 . c. together , in the sense of alike
, the one as well as the other, ψ 49:3 , 11 כסיל ובער יאבדו יחד, Jb 21:26 ; 34:29
. More frequent is
† ָה יַ ְחזֵרS 3170 GK 3492 n.pr. m. a priest 1 Ch 9:12 (for which ( אַ ְחזַיq.v. ) Ne
11:13 ), v. now also Ryle on Ne 11:13 .
†[ יָחַלS 3176
TWOT 859
GK 3498
] vb. Niph. wait ; Pi. await ( cf. NH יִחוּל
expectation ) ;— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נוֹ ֲחלָהEz 19:5 (yet v. infr. ); Impf. וַיִּיָּ֫חֶלGn 8:12
+ 1 S 13:18 Kt ( v. Dr ; Qr Hiph. ֶל —;) וַיּוֹחwait: Gn 8:12 and he waited yet seven
days; so 1 S 13:8 [ Pi. ?] Kt ; of Isr. under fig. of lioness, ִתּ ְקוָתָהּ וַ ֵתּרֶא כִּי נוֹ ֲחלָה
ֽאָ ְבדָה Ez 19:5 when she saw that her hope tarried, was lost (but dub. ; Sm comp.
Aramaic be weak , whence perhaps sink down; Hi (perhaps after ) להּ
ָ כִּי נִדַּחthat
he was thrust away from her; Co plausibly ָה
נוֹ ֲאלthat she had acted foolishly ). Pi. Pf.
2 ms. sf. יִ ַח ִל ָ ֑תּנִיψ 119:49 ; 1 s. יִ ָח֑ ְלתִּיv 43 + 4 times ψ 119 ; 3 mpl. יִחֲלוּJb
29:23 Ez 13:6 ; ח֑לּוּ ֵ ִ יJb 29:21 ; 1 pl. יִ ַחלְנוּψ 33:22 ; Impf. יְיַחֵלMi 5:6 ; ֲאיַחֵלJb
6:11 ; 13:15 + 2 times; ָה ֲאיַ ֲחל30:26 ; יְיַ ֵח֑לוּIs 42:4 ; יְיַ ֵחלֽוּן51:5 ; Imv. יַחֵלψ
130:7 ; 131:3 ; Pt. ֵל מְיח69:4 ; ְמיַ ֲחלִים31:24 + 2 times;— 1. wait, tarry for, sq. ְל
Mi 5:6 (of rain, || קוֶּה ֵ ְ ;) יso 1:12 according to We , who reads ( יִ ֲחלָהPf. ) for ; ָחלָה
abs. wait Jb 6:11 ; 14:14 . 2. wait for = hope for , sq. ל ִ Is 42:4 Jb 29:21 , 23 ;
30:26 ( || ִי ) ִקוֵּית, ψ 31:25 ; 33:18 , 22 ; 69:4 ; 119:43 , 74 , 81 , 114 , 147 ; sq. ל
inf. ָר ויח׳ ְל ַקיֵּם ָדּבEz 13:6 ; sq. אֶלIs 51:5 ψ 130:7 ; 131:3 ; abs. hope , ψ 71:14 .
3. caus. make to hope ψ 147:11 ( sf. pers. ), Hiph. Pf. ִי הוֹ ַח֫ ְלתּJb 32:11 , etc.;
( וְהוֹ ַח֫ ְלתִּיconsec. , v. Hi De 2 Dr § § 106, 119 γ ) Jb 32:16 ; Impf. וַיּ֫וֹחֶל1 S 13:8 Qr
; 2 ms. ֵל תּוֹח10:8 ; אוֹחִיל2 K 6:33 La 3:21 , 24 ; אוֹ ִח֫ילָהJe 4:19 Qr ( Kt אָחוּלָה
), Mi 7:7 ; ָה אֹחִיל2 S 18:14 ;— wait, tarry , abs. (proposes shew a waiting attitude):
1 S 10:8 ( sq. ִי ) עַד בּוֹא, 13:8 ( Qr ; cf. Niph.); 2 S 18:14 Jb 32:16 Je 4:19 ( v. I.
caus. causative.
חול3 ); wait for, hope for (as Pi. ), sq. ְל2 K 6:33 Mi 7:7 La 3:24 Jb 32:11 ψ
38:16 ; 42:6 , 12 ; 43:5 ; 130:5 ( || ִי
;) ִקוִּיתabs. hope , La 3:21 .
†[ יָחַםS 3179
TWOT 860
GK 3501
] vb. be hot , Pi. conceive ( Arabic v.
incaluerunt pecora, Frey ; Aramaic ַם
יְחbe hot , usually of sexual impulse of animals )
— Qal v. חמם. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. יֶ ֱח ַמ ְתנִי ψ 51:7 in sin my mother conceived me ( ||
;) חוֹ ָל֑ ְלתִּי Inf. cstr. of heat of cattle in breeding, conception; ֵם
ְבּכָל־יַחGn 30:41 3 of
the flock ( J ); ֵת
ְבּע יַחֵם 31:10 at the time of the flock’s being hot in breeding ( E ); sf.
3 fpl. מנָּה
ֶ ( ְליַ ֲחv. GK. 91 f ) 30:41 3 ( J ).
ֵחמָה S 2534
TWOT 860a
GK 2771 , 2779
(once ָא
ֵחמS 2534
TWOT 860a
GK 2771
) 121
n. f. heat, rage ( for ָה
; יְ ֵחמNH id. ; Aramaic יַ ְחמָאpoison , heat, wrath, poison ,
Lex. 116 § 105 651
Brock , also Nö ; Arabic poison , Lane ; Assyrian imtu , spittle,
Buhl Frants Buhl, esp. as editor of eds. 12-14 of Gesenius’s Handwörterbuch über das A. T
.;
constr. construction.
Ke C. F. Keil.
Brock C. Brockelmann, esp. circa., Lexicon Syriacum .
breath, poison , Dl HWB 78
Muss-Arnolt CD 62
) — abs. ֵחמָהNa 1:2 + 39 times;
† ֵחמָאDn 11:44 ; cstr. ֲחמַתGn 27:44 + 25 times; sf. ֲח ָמתִיJe 4:4 + 36 times;
ֲחמָֽ ְת ָךJe 10:25 + 8 times; ֲח ָמ ֶת֑ ָךψ 88:8 ; 89:47 ; ֲחמָתוֹIs 51:17 + 8 times;
ֲח ָמתָםJb 6:4 ; pl. חֵמוֹתPr 22:24 , חֵמֹתψ 76:11 ;— 1. heat: a. fever , ֲחמַת ִמיַּיִן
Ho 7:5 2 (on st. cstr. v. Ges § 130, 1 ). b. venom, poison ( fig. ): ַת זֹ ֲחלֵי ָעפָר ֲחמ
Dt 32:24 ; תּנִּינִים ַ ח׳v 33 ; ח׳ נָחָשׁψ 58:5 cf. v 5 ; ח׳ ַעכְשׁוּבψ 140:4 ;
poison of arrows (of ) י׳Jb 6:4 . 2. burning anger, rage: a. of man: Gn 27:44 ( J ),
2 S 11:20 2 K 5:12 Est 1:12 ; 2:1 ; 3:5 ; 5:9 (against, ַל ) ע, 7:7 , 10 ψ 37:8 ( ||
) אַף, 76:11 (yet on text v. Che ), Pr 6:34 ; 15:1 , 18 ( אִישׁ ֵחמָהman of rage =
raging or wrathful man), 16:4 ; 19:19 ( ָל־ח׳ גְּדQr = one great in rage , v. De
Now ), 27:4 ( || ) אַף, Is 51:13 ( ×2 ) Ez 23:25 ; ֵמוֹת אִישׁ חPr 22:24 ( || ;) ַבּעַל אָ֑ף
ַבּעַל ֵחמָה29:22 ( || ֵחמָה ַעזָּה ;) אִישׁ אַףstrong rage Pr 21:14 ( || ֲחמַת רוּחִי ;) אַף
Ez 3:14 the rage of my spirit . b. of the he-goat in Daniel’s vision, ַת כֹּחוֹ ַבּ ֲחמDn
8:6 in the fury of his power . c. of God ( ) י׳, often Je Is 2 Ez ψ : Je 4:4 + 16 times
Je; 2 K 22:13 , 17 Is 27:4 ( Hi Ew Di Du ; on other interpr., and on text v. Di
), 63:5 La 2:4 Ez 5:13 + 29 times Ez; Nu 25:11 ( P ), 2 Ch 12:7 ; 34:21 , 25 ;
36:16 ψ 59:14 ; 79:6 ; 88:8 ; 89:47 ; 106:23 Jb 21:20 ; appar. also 19:29 ; 36:18
v Di ; often || אַף, Mi 5:14 Dt 9:19 ; 29:22 Is 42:25 ( אַפּוֹas appos., + ֱזוּז
ע
) ִמ ְל ָחמָה, 63:3 , 6 Dn 9:16 ψ 6:2 ; 78:38 ; 90:7 ; ָשׁיב ִ ְבּ ֵחמָה אַפּוֹ ְלהIs 66:15 (
|| ֵשׁ) וְגַ ֲערָתוֹ ְבּ ַל ֲהבֵי־א, Je 23:19 ; 30:23 of the whirlwind of אַף || ; י׳+ ֶקצֶף גָּדוֹל
Dt 29:27 Je 21:5 ; 32:37 ; || אַף+ ָה תֹּכְחוֹת ֵחמEz 5:15 , cf. ֵחמָה תּוֹכְחוֹתalone
25:17 ; || ֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ חNa 1:6 La 4:11 ; || ֶקצֶףIs 34:2 (of fury against , ) על, ψ 38:2 ;
|| ָה גְּ ָערIs 51:20 ; || גְּמוּל59:18 ; || ִקנְאָהEz 36:6 , cf. ֵחמָה גְדוֹלָה ִקנֵּאתִיZc 8:2
( || קנְאָה גדולה ִ ); דַּם ֵחמָה וְ ִקנְאָהEz 16:38 (on text v. Co ); ֲחמַת ֶק֑רִיLv 26:28
rage of meeting , i.e. encountering them in rage; )ִי ת-( כּוֹס ֲחמָתוֹIs 51:17 , 22 the
cup of his ( my ) fury; ָה הַזּאֹת כּוֹס ַהיַּיִן ַה ֵחמJe 25:15 ; ַבּעַל ֵחמָהa possessor of
fury = furious Na 1:2 ( || ֵם נֹק, ) אֵל קִנּוֹא. [ = ֵחמָה עַלrage against one: Is 34:2
2 Ch 28:9 .— Vbs. used with ָה ֵחמare: 2. a. : שׁוּבGn 27:44 , ֵשׁיב ִ הPr 15:1 , ָעלָה
2 S 11:20 , ַר ָבּעEst 1:12 , ָשׁ ַכ ְך2:1 ; 7:10 ; 2. c. : ֵשׁיב ִ הturn away wrath of י׳Nu
25:11 ψ 106:23 Je 18:20 (but ָה אַפּוֹ ָשׁיב ְבּ ֵחמִ הIs 66:15 to recompense his anger
in fury , give it as requital); ח׳ י׳is kindled against one יצת בNiph. 2 K 22:13 , 17 ;
יחףTWOT 861
( √ of foll.; orig. meaning unknown;
NH Aramaic ֵף יָחadj. as Heb.
; Syriac Aph. discalceatus fuit; cf. perhaps Arabic (transp.) walk barefoot , also become
chafed , of foot or hoof ) .
† [ ֵשׂ
ִה ְתיַחS 3188
TWOT 862a
GK 2249
] vb. Hithp.denom. enrol oneself or be
enrolled by genealogy ( NH often in Pi. (also Hithp.), Aramaic Pa. (Ithpa.) ) — Pf.
3 mpl. ִה ְתיַחֲשׂוּ 1 Ch 5:17 ; 9:1 ; Inf. cstr. ִה ְתיַחֵשׂ 5:1 + 5 times; sf. ֲשׂם
ָ ִה ְתיַח
1 Ch 4:33 + 7 times; Pt. pl. ֲשׂים
ִ ַה ִמּ ְתיַח Ezr 2:62 Ne 7:64 ;— be enrolled by
genealogy 1 Ch 5:17 ; 9:1 Ne 7:5 ; perhaps also ְי׳
ְל ִהת2 Ch 12:15 ( tr. to 11:16
according to Hi Be , v. VB ); ָה
ַלבְּכֹר וְלֹא ְל ִהתְי׳ 1 Ch 5:1 but he is not to be
enrolled in the place of firstborn; sq. ( ְבּamong, of, consisting in ) 7:40 , without ל
ְ
7:7 Ezr 8:1 ; הנִים
ֲ ֹהַכּ ִהתְי׳ 2 Ch 31:17 ; Inf. = genealogical enrolment 1 Ch
4:33 these were their dwellings and they had ( ֶם
) ָלהgenealogical enrolment , cf.
7:5 , 9 ; ְי׳
ְבּ ִהת5:7 at the enrolment of ( ) ְלtheir generations; ֵהמָּה ְבּ ַח ְצרֵיהֶם
ֲשׂם
ָ ִה ְתיַח 1 Ch 9:22 as for them, in their villages was their enrolment; nearly =
genealogical list 2 Ch 31:16 ( ִים
; ִלזְ ָכרi.e.the males whose names were in the list),
so Ezr 8:3 , cf. 2 Ch 31:18 , 19 (all sq. ְבּamong, of ); Pt. pl. c. art. ִבּקְשׁוּ
ֲשׂים
ִ ְכ ָתבָם ַה ִמּ ְתיַח
Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64 they sought their writing (their book),
namely the enrolled , i.e. their genealogical record.
57
) — Qal ( Pf. not in use, v. טוֹב vb. ) Impf. יִיטַב Gn 12:13 + 34 times, ַב
יִט1 S
24:5 + 3 times; ַב
תִּיטEst 2:4 + 2 times; ( תֵּי ְטבִיincorrect for תִּי ְטבִיGes § 70 R
) Na
3:8 ; pl. יִיטְבוּ טוֹב.— 1. be glad, joyful , לֵבJu 18:20
Gn 34:18 ; for Inf. and Pt. v.
; 19:6 , 9 1 K 21:7 Ru 3:7 Ec 7:3 . 2. be well placed , ִנֹא אָמוֹן ֲהתֵי ְטבִי מNa 3:8
art thou better placed than No of Amon? 3. impers. c. ל
ְ , be well for or with, go well
with Gn 12:13 ( J ), 40:14 ( E ), Dt 4:40 ; 5:16 , 26 ; 6:3 , 18 ; 12:25 , 28 ; 22:7 2
K 25:24 Ru 3:1 Je 7:23 ; 38:20 ; 40:9 ; 42:6 . 4. be pleasing ֵינֵי ְבּעGn 34:18 ( J ),
41:37 ; 45:16 ( E ), Dt 1:23 Lv 10:19 , 20 Jos 22:30 , 33 ( P ), 1 S 18:5 ; 24:5 2 S
3:36 ; 18:4 1 K 3:10 Est 1:21 ; 2:4 ( ×2 ) , 9 ; c. ל
ְ , be pleasing to , ψ 69:32 ; c.
( ִל ְפנֵיlate) Ne 2:5 , 6 Est 5:14 . Hiph. Pf. הֵיטִיבGn 12:16 Jos 24:20 ; הֵיטִב1 S
ָ הֵיטִֽ ְבDt 30:5 ; הֵי ַט ְב ָתּJe 1:12 ; הֵי ַט ְב ְתּRu 3:10 , etc.; יְ ֵהטִֽבֹ ִ ֫תיEz
25:31 ; sf. ך
36:11 (for ִי
הֵי ַט ְבתּas if from טובGes § 70 R ); Impf. יֵיטִיבNu 10:32 + 3 times; יֵיטִב
Pr 15:13 + 2 times; ִיב יְיֵטJb 24:21 ( Ges § 70 R ); יֵיטֵיב1 K 1:47 ( Ges § 70 R ); וַיִּ֫יטֶב
Ex 1:20 ; sf. ך ָ וִיטִי ְבEc 11:9 , etc.; Imv. הֵי ִט֫יבָהψ 51:20 ; הֵי ִט֫יבִיIs 23:16 , etc.;
Inf. abs. ֵיב הֵיטJe 7:5 ; 10:5 ; הֵיטֵבGn 32:13 + 10 times; Inf. cstr. הֵיטִיבLv 5:4
+ 7 times; ִיב
ֵהטJe 32:41 ; sf. הֵיטִיבִיJe 32:40 , etc.; Pt. מֵיטִיב1 S 16:17 ; ֵמטִיבψ
intrans. intransitive.
† ( ָב
מֵיטS 4315
TWOT 863a
GK 4774
) n. [ m. ] the best , only cstr. מֵיטַבand
as superl.; the best of a thing: וּם׳ ַכּרְמוֹ ם׳ ָשׂדֵהוּEx 22:4 (JE) the best of his field
and the best of his vineyard (choicest fruit); ַצֹּאן ם׳ הthe best of the sheep 1 S 15:9 ,
15 ; ֶץ
בְּם׳ הָאָרin the best of the land Gn 47:6 , 11 ( P ).
infr.
)
vinea, vinum; Arabic ( black ) grapes , v. Hom ZMG 1889, 654 ; Sab. ויןvineyard ,
Mordt ZMG 1887, 364 Hom l.c. 659 (both after Glaser); Assyrian înu in vocabularies, but
this loan-word from western Semites, according to Hom Aufsätze 102 ; Jen ZA i. 186 f.,
ZMG 1890, 705
argues to the contrary ) — abs. ֫יַיִןGn 9:21 + 84 times; ֑יָיִןGn 14:18 +
33 times; cstr. ֫יַיִןψ 60:5 Ct 8:2 ; יֵיןDt 32:18 + 9 times; sf. יֵינִיCt 5:1 , etc.;—
wine: a. common drink, for refreshment Gn 14:18 ( E ?) 27:25 ( J ), Ju 19:19 2 S
16:2 Am 5:11 ; 9:14 Ho 14:8 Jb 1:13 , 18 Dn 1:5 + , tonic Pr 31:6 ; art. of
commerce Ez 27:18 Ne 13:15 ; among supplies in strongholds 2 Ch 11:11 ; as
making merry 2 S 13:28 Zc 9:15 ; 10:7 Est 1:10 Ec 9:7 ; 10:19 ψ 104:15 . †
b. used for rejoicing before י׳Dt 14:26 , cf. Ho 9:4 ; as drink-offering in prescribed
ritual Ex 29:40 Lv 23:13 Nu 15:5 , 7 , 10 ; 28:14 ; among temple stores 1 Ch
9:29 ; used also in heathen ceremonial, v. Dt 32:33 . c. intoxicating 1 S 1:14 ;
25:37 Gn 9:21 , 24 ; 19:32 , 33 , 34 , 35 (all J ), Is 5:11 , 22 Pr 21:17 ; 23:30 ,
31 + ; || ִירוֹשׁ תּHo 4:11 ; || ֵשׁכָר1 S 1:15 Mi 2:11 Is 24:9 ; 28:7 ( ×2 ) ; 56:12 +
12 times; forbidden to Nazirites † Nu 6:3 ( ×2 ) ( ָר
) חֹמֶץ יַיִן וְחֹמֶץ ֵשׁכ, v 4 , 20 ,
cf. Am 2:12 ; to Rechabites † Je 35:2 , 5 f. ; to mother of Samson † Ju 13:4 , 7 ,
14 ; to priests entering sanctuary † Lv 10:9 ( P ), Ez 44:21 ; unfitting for kings Pr
31:4 . † d. combinations are: ַטּוֹב יֵין הCt 7:10 = the best wine (read )? ַכּיַּיִןGes §
133. 3, R. 1
; ְכוּת
ַמל יֵין Est 1:7 royal wine; היַּיִן
ַ אֹצְרוֹת 1 Ch 27:27 8 ַח
ָה ֶרק יַיִן Ct
Hom F. Hommel.
Aufsätze F. Hommel, Aufsäte u. Abhandlungen .
Jen P. Jensen.
8:2 spiced wine; היַּיִן
ַ ִשׁתֵּה
ְ מ8 Est 5:6 ; 7:2 , 7 , 8 ; סֹ ְבאֵי יַיִןPr 23:20 8 נֹאד
יין8 Jos 9:4 , 13 1 S 16:20 ; נֵבֶל ייןid. 1 S 1:24 ; 10:3 ; 25:18 2 S 16:1 Je
13:12 ( ×2 ) ; היָּ֑יִן
ַ בֵּיתCt 2:4 either winehouse , where wine is drunk, feasting-house
( De al. ), or place of wine = vineyard ( Ew al. ; cf. פן יַיִן ֶ ֶ גּNu 6:4 ). † e.
metaph. of wisdom’s drink Pr 9:2 , 5 , cf. Is 55:1 ; of ’ י׳s wrath Je 25:15 ( כּוֹס
;) הייןof confusion sent by י׳, יַיִן ַתּ ְר ֵעלָהwine of reeling ψ 60:5 , cf. 75:9 ; of ’ י׳s
awaking for vengeance, like a wine-shouter ψ 78:65 ; of Babylon’s fierce power Je
51:7 ; of love Ct 5:1 ; ִים
יֵין ֲח ָמסPr 4:17 ; in sim. of one bursting with words Jb
32:19 ; of disheartened proph. Je 23:9 ( ָרוֹ יַיִן
;) ְכּגֶבֶר ֲעבof lover’s mouth Ct 7:10
( v. supr. ); love is better than wine Ct 1:2 ; 4:10 .
†[ יָכַחS 3198
TWOT 865
GK 3519
] vb. Hiph. decide, adjudge, prove , ( NH Pi.
וִכַּחargue with ( ) עם, cf. Hithp., Hiph. prove, correct; Aramaic Pa וַכַּח, Aph. אוֹכַח,
id. ) — Hiph. Pf. ח ַ הוֹכִיIs 2:4 + 5 times; הֹכִי ַחGn 24:44 ; הוֹ ִכ ַחGn 21:25 ; 2 ms.
חֹ ַכ ְח ָתּGn 24:14 ; 1 s. sf. הוֹ ַכ ְחתִּיו2 S 7:14 ; Impf. יוֹכִי ַחIs 11:3 + 5 times; יוֹכַח
Ho 4:4 + 4 times; כ֑ח ָ יוֹ1 Ch 12:17 ; sf. יוֹכִי ֵחנִיψ 141:5 + 12 times Impf. ; Imv.
הוֹכַחPr 9:8 ; Inf. abs. הוֹ ֵכ ַחLv 19:17 + 5 times; cstr. הוֹכִי ַחHb 1:12 ; ַהלְהוֹכַחJb
6:26 ; Pt. ח ַ מוֹכִיEz 3:26 + 8 times; pl. מוֹכִיחִיםPr 24:25 ;— 1. decide, judge , abs.
Gn 31:42 ( E ), 1 Ch 12:17 Is 11:3 ψ 94:10 ; c. ל ְ , decide for Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3 , Is
11:4 ; c. בּין, Gn 31:37 ( E ), Jb 9:33 ; הּ ַ ְלגֶבֶר עִם אֱלוֹJb 16:21 . 2. adjudge, appoint
, c. ל ְ , Gn 24:14 , 44 ( J ). 3. shew to be right, prove , c. acc. rei and עלpers.
against Jb 19:5 ; c. אלpers. unto Jb 13:15 ; so argue before v 3 , and ( abs. ) 15:3 .
4. convince, convict , c. acc. pers. ψ 50:21 בּpers. Pr 30:6 ; c. ל ְ pers. Jb 32:12 .
5. reprove, chide: a. of God, c. acc. pers. Jb 22:4 ψ 50:8 ; 105:14 = 1 Ch 16:21 ;
c. בּobj. 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4 . b. of man, abs. Ho 4:4 Ez 3:26 Jb 6:25 ( ×2 ) Pr
24:25 ; 25:12 ; ַר
ַשּׁע
ַבּ מוֹכִי ַח Am 5:10 Is 29:21 ; c. acc. pers. Gn 21:25 ( E ), Lv
19:17 ( ×2 )
( H ), Pr 9:8 ; 28:23 Je 2:19 ; הּ
ַ אֱלו מוֹכִי ַח Jb 40:2 ; acc. rei Jb 6:26 ; c.
ְל, Pr 9:7 , 8 ; 15:12 ; 19:25 . 6. correct, rebuke , of God, abs. Hb 1:12 ; c. acc.
pers. ψ 141:5 Jb 13:10 ( ×2 ) ; ֶט ְשׁב
ֵ בּ2 S 7:14 ; happy the man whom God corrects Jb
5:17 ; for God loves him Pr 3:12 ; God is entreated not to correct in anger ψ 6:2 ; 38:2 .
Hoph. Pf. ְאוֹב וְהוּכַח ְבּ ַמכhe is chastened also with pain Jb 33:19 . Niph. Impf.
Pr 10:17 + 9 times; sf. תּוֹ ַכ ְחתִּיHb 2:1 + 5 times; תּוֹ ַכחְתּוֹPr 3:11 ; pl. תּוֹכָחוֹת
ψ 38:15 + 3 times; cstr. ְחוֹת תּוֹכPr 6:23 Ez 25:17 ; תֹּכְחוֹת5:15 (but latter del.
Co ; given by SS under ָה —;) תּוֹ ֵכח1. argument, impeachment , spoken by lips and
mouth ψ 38:15 Jb 13:6 ; 23:4 Hb 2:1 . 2. reproof, chiding Pr 1:23 ; 27:5 ; || עצה
1:25 , 30 ; || מוסר3:11 ; 5:12 ; 10:17 ; 12:1 ; 13:18 ; 15:5 , 10 , 32 ; ת׳ מוסר
6:23 reproofs for discipline; ת׳ חיים15:31 reproof that giveth life; אישׁ תוכחוֹת
29:1 man of reproofs (who deserves them). 3. correction, rebuke ψ 39:12 ; 73:14 ;
ות׳ ֵשׁבֶטPr 29:15 ; תּ׳ ֵחמָהEz 5:15 ; 25:17 .
יָכֹלS 3201
TWOT 866
GK 3523
, יָכוֹל 193 vb. be able, have power, prevail,
endure ( NH id. ; Aramaic ִיל
; יְכAssyrian akâlu , Hpt in KAT 2 Gloss i,
) — Qal Pf.
יָכֹלGn 32:26 + 8 times; יָכוֹל1 S 4:15 + 2 times; 3 fs. יָֽ ְכלָהGn 36:7 Ex 2:3 ; 2
ms. ֫תָּ וְיָָכ ְלEx 18:23 ; 1 s. יָכֹ ְלתִּיGn 30:8 + 2 times; sf. יְָכ ְלתִּיוψ 13:5 ; 3 pl.
יָֽכְלוּGn 13:6 + 27 times + Jos 15:63 Qr ; יָכֹ֑לוּEx 8:14 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms.
יוּכַלGn 13:16 + 34 times; יוּ ָכ֑לJb 4:2 + 4 times; וַיָֻּכ֑לHo 12:5 ; 3 fs. תּוּכַלAm
7:10 + 2 times; 2 ms. ַל תּוּכGn 15:5 + 16 times; 1 s. אוּכַלGn 19:19 + 30 times, etc.
(on these Impf. forms as irreg. Qal, v. Ges § 69, 2, R. 3 Kö i . 407
W SG 237 ; others
יְכֹ֫לNu 14:16 Dt 9:28 ; Inf. abs.
Hoph. ); Inf. cstr. ֶת יָכוֹל Nu 13:20 2 Ch 32:13
; יָכֹלNu 22:38 1 S 26:25 ; P 8 times (not Lv), Ez 3 times; often JED Je Is 2 , not
seld. SK Ch;— 4. be able , to do a thing, whether ability be physical, moral,
constitutional, or dependent on external authority; usually of man Gn 13:16 ( J ) + , but
Sta ZAW 1881, 18 ). † 6. abs. have ability, strength , only neg. ֵתוֹ לֹא
1879. 564
ִשּׂא
ְמ אוּ ָכ֑ל
Jb 31:23 because of his loftiness I have no ability , am inadequate (to anything).
יָלַדS 3205
TWOT 867
GK 3528
497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget ( NH id. ; Aramaic
יְלִיד, יְלֵיד, ; Arabic bear, bring forth , so Ethiopic Assyrian alâdu , COT Gloss ) — Qal
Pf. ַד יָלGn 4:18 ( ×3 ) + 16 times; יָָל֑דJe 17:11 ; וְיָלַדconsec. ψ 7:15 ; sf. יְלָֽ ְד ָךDt
32:18 ; 2 fs. sf. ילדתניJe 2:27 Kt ; Qr ָנוּ יְִל ְדתּKö i . 410 Ges § 69 s ); 1 s. sf.
יְִל ְד ִתּ֫י ָךψ 2:7 ; יְִל ְד ִתּ֫יהוּNu 11:12 , etc.; Impf. ) יֵלֶד(יֹומPr 27:1 ; 3 fs. ֵתּלֵדGn
17:17 + 6 times; ֶד וַ ֵתּ֫ל4:1 + 61 times; 2 fs. ֵתּ ְלדִי3:16 ; ֵאלֵד18:13 ; וָ ֵאלֵד1 K 3:17 ;
יֵֽלְדוּIs 65:23 ; 3 fpl. ֵתּ ַל ְדנָהJe 29:6 ; וַ ֵתּ ַל ְדנָהEz 23:4 ; ָ וַ ֵתּ ַל ְדןGn 30:39 , etc.; Inf.
abs. יָלֹדJb 15:35 ; cstr. לדָה ֵ Ho 9:11 + 3 times; ֶ ֫לדֶתGn 4:2 Zp 2:2 ( v. ) ֶטרֶם+
9 times; ַת ָלל1 S 4:19 ( Kö i , 402 , v. Dr ); sf. ִל ְדתִּי1 K 3:18 , etc.; Pt. act. יֹלֵד
Pr 17:21 Je 30:6 , etc.; f. לדָה ֵ יוֹHo 13:13 + 12 times; יֹ ֶל֫דֶתGn 17:19 + 4 times;
יֹ ַל ְד ְתּ16:11 + 2 times ( Kö i . 404 f. ; perhaps יֹ ֶלדֶתintended by Kt , cf. Sta § 213 b );
sf. Pr 23:25 ; לדְתּוֹ ַ יוֹPr 17:25 , etc.; pl. יֹלְדוֹתJe 16:3 ; Pt. pass. יָלוּד1 K 3:26 ,
27 ; cstr. יְלוּדJb 14:1 + 2 times; pl. יְלוּדִים1 Ch 14:4 ;— 1. bear, bring forth: a. (a
mother a child,) so commonly, c. 208 times; sq. acc. Gn 3:16 ; 4:1 & constantly;
acc. om. 6:4 ; 16:1 = be delivered of a child , 1 K 3:17 , 18 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3
(in proverb c. neg., i.e. human power exhausted); of animals Gn 30:39 ; 31:8 ( ×2 ) Je
14:5 ; 17:11 (bird laying eggs, or hatching out young), Ez 31:6 Jb 39:1 , 2 ; but also of
whole process of labour ( cf. ָהּ ) חול
וַ ְתּקַשׁ ְבּ ִל ְדתּGn 35:16 cf. v 17 , 38:27 , 28 ,
cf. 1 S 14:19 Je 31:8 Mi 5:2 (of a man, as preposterous, Je 30:6 , cf. Moses as
mother of Israel Nu 11:12 ). b. hence in simile of distress Mi 4:9 , 10 Is 13:8 ; 21:3 ;
42:14 Je 6:24 ; 13:21 ; 22:23 ; 30:6 ; 49:24 ; 50:43 ψ 48:7 , cf. Ho 13:13 ; ילד
( על־ברכיםSta ZAW 1886, 143 ff. ) Gn 30:3 ; 50:23 ( cf. Jb 3:12 ). c. fig. of wicked
וְ ָהרָה ָעמָל וְיָלַד ָשׁ֑קֶרψ 7:15 cf. Jb 15:35 also Is 33:11 ; of Israelites, bringing forth
wind (of vain efforts for deliverance) 26:18 ; ָדוֹ כְּפֹר ָשׁ ַמיִם מִי יְלJb 38:29 ; of Tyre as
mother of her inhabitants Is 23:4 ; of Jerus. Is 51:18 ; 54:1 ; 66:7 , 8 Ez 16:20 , Isr.
Hal J. Halévy.
bearing disloyal children Ho 5:7 ; Jerus. and Sam. , as Oholibah and Oholah Ez 23:37
לֹא־ ֵתדַע מַה יֵּ֫לPr 27:1 ;
; of Babylon Je 50:12 ; of a day, as producing events ֶד יוֹם
perhaps of God ( fig. of rock ) צוּר, as mother of Isr. bringing forth with labour Dt 32:18
yet v. 2. 2. less often beget: a. lit., c. 22 times; always c. acc. ; in Hex a mark of J ;
Gn 4:18 ( ×3 ) ; 10:8 , 13 , 15 , 24 ( ×2 ) , 26 = 1 Ch 1:10 , 11 , 13 , 18 ( ×2 ) , 20 ,
Gn 22:23 ; 25:3 ( Dt 32:18 & Nu 11:12 E are dub. ; P uses Hiph. ), elsewhere Pr
17:21 ; 23:22 , 24 Dn 11:6 . b. beget , fig. ψ 2:7 of ’ י׳s formally installing king into
theocratic rights. 3. Zc 13:3 ( ×2 ) , of both parents (lit.); Pt. pass. 3 times = child 1 K
3:26 , 27 where mother is named, 1 Ch 14:4 where father named. † Niph. Pf. ַד נוֹל1
Ch 2:3 + 6 times + ַד־ ֯
הנּוֹלGn 21:3 according to points, but read Pt. ( v. Di ); נוּלְּדוּ
3:5 ; 20:8 ( cf. Ol § 263 b
Ges § 69, 5t
); Impf. יִוָּלֵד יִוָּ֑לIs 66:8 ;
Gn 17:17 + 4 times; ֶד
וַיִּוָּלֵדGn 4:18 + 2 times, etc.; Inf. ִהוָּ֑לֶדGn 21:5 ; ִהוָּֽלְדוֹEc 7:1 ; ִהוָּֽ ְלדָהּHo 2:5 ;
Pt. ָד נוֹל1 K 13:2 + 3 times ( Gn 21:3 v. supr. ); נוֹ ָלדִים48:5 1 Ch 7:21 ;— be
born: of human beings, sq. ל ְ (born to such and such a man), Gn 4:18 ; 10:1 ; 17:17 ;
21:3 , 5 ; 46:20 , 48:5 Nu 26:60 Dt 23:9 2 S 3:2 ( Qr ), 5:13 ; 14:27 1 Ch 2:3 , 9
; 3:1 , 4 , 5 ; 20:6 , 8 ; 22:9 ; 26:6 Jb 1:2 cf. 1 K 13:2 ; without ל
ְ , Jb 3:3 ; 38:21
ψ 78:6 1 Ch 7:21 Ec 7:1 ( טוֹב ִשּׁמֶןֶ ;) וְיוֹם ַה ָמּוֶת מִיּוֹם ִהוָּֽלְֽדוֹ׃ טוֹב ֵשׁם מmetaph.
of Israel (under fig. of unfaithful wife) Ho 2:5 ; of nation, גּוֹי, Is 66:8 , people, ַם ע, ψ
22:32 ; of animals Lv 22:27 Dt 15:19 ; Pt. ֶם ָשׁים וְהַנּוֹלָד ֵמה
ִ כָּל־נEzr 10:3 ; c. pred.
or appos. on which emph. rests, ר֑שׁ ָ ן׳Ec 4:14 he was born poor; אֹהֵב ָה ֵר֑ע וְאָח
ְל ָצרָה יִוָּלֵדPr 17:17 ; אדם יִוָּלֵד ַעיִר פראJb 11:12 ; 15:7 . † Pi. Inf. יֶַלּ ְדכֶןEx 1:16
; Pt. abs. לּדֶת ֶַ ְמיGn 35:17 + 2 times; pl. abs. ְמיַלְּדוֹתEx 1:15 + 5 times in Ex 1
;— cause (or help ) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife Ex 1:16 sq. acc. ;
elsewhere only Pt. f. as subst. = midwife; Gn 35:17 ( E ), 38:28 ( J ), Ex 1:15 , 17
, 18 , 19 ( ×2 ) , 20 , 21 ( E ). † Pu. Pf. ַד יֻלּGn 4:26 + 13 times; יוּלַּדJu 18:29 ; ֮יֻלָּד
Gn 41:50 ; לּ֑ד
ָ יוּJb 5:7 ; יֻלְּדוּGn 6:1 + 4 times + 2 S 3:2 Kt ( Qr יָֻלּ֑דוּ ;) וַיִּוָּֽלְדוּ ψ
90:2 , etc.; Pt. (? cf. Kö i . 433
; Ges § 52e, s
) ָד
הַיּוּלּJu 13:8 ( Bö ii .p. 244
pass. Qal);
i.q. Niph. be born , sq. ל
ְ of father Gn 4:26 ; 6:1 ; 10:21 , 25 ; 24:15 (all J ), 41:50
( E ), 35:26 ; 36:5 ; 46:22 , 27 (all P ), Ju 18:29 2 S 3:2 , 5 ; 21:20 , 22 1 Ch 1:19
ְ before grandmother’s name Ru 4:17 cf. ָ ֫לנוּIs 9:5 ; sq. ְלof
Je 20:15 ; sq. ל
purpose, destiny, ָ֑ד
יוּלּ אדם לעמל Jb 5:7 ; ְדוּ
יוֹסֵף יֻלּ עַל־ ִבּ ְרכֵי Gn 50:23 ( E ; Sam.
בִּימֵי יו׳, cit.
Di ) denoting recognition of children as his; no prep. Je 20:14 ; 22:26 , cf.
Ju 13:8 ( v. supr. ); fig. of foreigners incorporated in spiritual Zion ψ 87:4 , 5 , 6 ;
of production of mountains ψ 90:2 . Hiph. Pf. ִיד הוֹלGn 11:27 ; + ; הוֹלִדNu 26:58 ;
×4 four times.
ָשׁ֑ק
57:4 ( || ֶר ;) זֶרַע cf. , in good sense, ִים
ַשׁעֲשׁוּע ילד Je 31:20 of Ephraim ( || בֵּן
) יַקִּיר.
† [ ִיד
יָלS 3211
TWOT 867e
GK 3535
] adj. born , only cstr. יְלִיד Gn 17:12 + 4
times; pl. יְלִידֵי 14:14 + 6 times; ֵי
בִּי ִלד2 S 21:18 ;— born , especially of slave
יְלִיד ַבּיִתborn in (one’s) house ( opp. purchased by money) Gn 17:12 , 13 , 27 Lv
22:11 (all P ), cf. Je 2:14 where denied of Israel; ֵי
ַביִת יְלִידid. Gn 14:14 ; pl.
elsewhere subst. = children, sons הרפה יל׳ 2 S 21:16 , 18 cf. יל׳ ָה ְר ָפאִים 1
Ch 20:4 ; הענק יל׳ Nu 13:22 , 28 Jos 15:14 (all JE).
Lv 18:9 , 11 ; sf. מוֹ ַל ְדתִּי Gn 24:4 + 3 times, etc.; pl. sf. מוֹלְדוֹ ַתיְִך Ez 16:4 ;
מֹלְדֹ ַתיְִךv 3 ;— 1. kindred Gn 12:1 ( || ארצך, ) ביתאביך, 24:4 ; 32:10 ( ||
) ארץ, Nu 10:30 ( || id. ), Gn 31:3 ( || ) ארץ אבותיך, 43:7 (all J ); || עַםEst 2:10
, 20 8:6 ; especially ֶץ ם׳ ֶארland of one’s kindred Gn 11:28 ; 24:7 (both J ),
31:13 ( E ), Je 22:10 ; 46:16 Ez 23:15 Ru 2:11 . 2. pl. circumstances of birth,
birth ( fig. of origin of Jerus. ) ענִי ֲ ַ מְכֹרֹ ַתיְִך וּם׳ ֵמ ֶארֶץ ַה ְכּנEz 16:3 , cf. v 4 .
3. (female) offspring, one born Lv 18:9 ( ×2 ) , begotten v 11 (all H ); coll. =
issue, offspring תָּ ֲשׁר הוֹ ַ ֫ל ְד
ֶ מוֹ ַל ְד ְתּ ָך אGn 48:6 ( P ).
coll. collective.
interpol. from Ne 11:26 v Di ); Μωλαδα , etc.; identified by Rob BR ii, 201
Guérin Judée iii, 184 ff. with Tel Milḥ , 4 hours E. from Beersheba = Μαλαθα Jos Ant.
xviii. 6, 2 ; Μαλα(α)θων , Malatha Lag Onom. 214.266.87.119 , v also Di .
† מוֹלִיד S 4140
GK 4582
n.pr. m. a Judahite 1 Ch 2:29 .
[ ֵדוֹת
תּוֹלS 8435
TWOT 867g
GK 9352
] 39 n. f. pl. generations , especially in
genealogies = account of a man and his descendants ;— cstr. תּוֹלְדוֹתGn 2:4
Ru 4:18 ; ְדֹת תּוֹלGn 5:1 + 6 times; תֹּלְדוֹת36:1 + 2 times; תֹּלְדֹת25:12 ; sf.
תֹּלְדֹתָיו1 Ch 26:31 ; תּוֹלְדֹתָםEx 28:10 + 16 times; תֹּלְדוֹתָם1 Ch 5:7 + 5
times; ָם תֹּלְדֹתEx 6:16 , 19 ;— a. account of men and their descendants Gn 5:1 ;
6:9 ; 10:1 ; 11:10 , 27 ; 25:12 , 19 ; 36:1 , 9 ; 37:2 Nu 3:1 Ru 4:18 1 Ch 1:29 ;
successive generations (in) of families ( ָחֹת
ִשׁפּ
ְ ) מGn 10:32 cf. 25:13 , Ex 6:16 ,
19 ; 28:10 ; genealogical divisions , by parentage Nu 1:20 ( ָם
ִשׁ ְפּחֹת
ְ ְלמ ) ת׳+ 11
times Nu 1 ; לתולדותם ִשׁפְּחֹתָיו ְבּ ִה ְתיַחֶשׂ
ְ וְ ֶאחָיו ְלמ 1 Ch 5:7 cf. 7:9 and prob.
also 7:2 v Be , 7:4 ; 8:28 ; 9:9 , 34 ; 26:31 . b. metaph. ַשּׁ ַמיִם
ָ תּוֹלְדוֹת ה
וְהָאָרֶץGn 2:4 lit. begettings of heaven and earth , i.e, account of heaven and earth
and that which proceeded from them ( cf. Dr Intr. 5 n. ) In Hex always P .
† יָלַלS 3213
TWOT 868
GK 3536
vb. Hiph. howl, make a howling ( onomatop. ) —
Hiph. Pf. וְהֵילִל Je 47:2 ; ִי֫לוּ
וְהֵילconsec. Am 8:3 ; Impf. יְיֵלִילIs 15:2 + 3 times (
Ges § 70, 2, R. 2 Kö i 437, 421 ); ִיל ֲאיֵלJe 48:31 ; וְאֵילִי֫לָהMi 1:8 ; יְיֵלִי֫לוּHo 7:14 ( Kö i
421
); ִי֫לוּ
יְהֵילIs 52:5 ; ְתּיֵלִי֫לוּIs 65:14 ; Imv. הֵילֵלEz 21:17 Zc 11:2 ; הֵילִי֫לִיIs
14:31 ; 49:3 + Je 48:20 Kt ; ִי֫לוּ הֵילIs 13:6 + 13 times + Je 48:26 Qr , + Ez 30:2 (
del. Co );— utter or make a howling, give a howl , in distress, || זעקHo 7:14 Je
47:2 Is 14:31 Je 25:34 ; 48:20 , 31 ( sq. ) על, Ez 21:17 ; || צעקIs 65:14 ( sq. ִן מof
occasion, source); || ספדMi 1:8 Je 4:8 Jo 1:13 ; || ִישׁ הֹבJo 1:11 ; || בכה1:5 ( cf.
Is 15:2 , 3 + ִי ;) ֶ ֑בּכsq. עלJe 51:8 Is 15:2 , 3 ; We proposes ילילוfor יגילוHo
10:5 (others יחילו, v. גילsupr. p. 162 ); sq. ל ְ Is 16:7 ; abs. והילילו שׁירות היכל
ילףTWOT ( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; Arabic III. is conjunctus fuit cum aliquo ,
869
ימםTWOT 871
( √ assumed for foll.; actual existence and meaning dubious, v. infr.
)
+ 23 times, also ָה סוּף ֫יָמּEx 10:19 , but always יַם־סוּףEx 13:18 + 22 times; sf.
יַמָּהּJe 51:36 ; pl. יַמִּיםJu 5:17 + 29 times;— sea: especially 1. Mediterranean S.
Nu 13:29 ( E ), 34:5 ( P ), Dt 1:7 Jos 5:1 1 K 5:23 ( ×2 ) Jon 1:4 ( ×2 ) + often; the
Mediterr. is called also הגָּדוֹל
ַ ַהיָּםNu 34:6 , 7 Jos 15:12 , 47 Ez 47:10 , 15 , 19
, 20 ; 48:28 + , cf. דיִם ַָ הַיּ׳ גּ׳ וּ ְרחַב יψ 104:25 ; ַשּׁ֑מֶשׁ ַהיָּם הַגּ׳
ָ מְבוֹא הJos 1:4 ;
23:4 ( v. its Assyrian name tiamtu rabîtu šâ šulmi šamši etc., Schr Namen der Meere. 171ff.
); ָנוֹן
הַיּ׳ הַגּ׳ אֶל־מוּל ַה ְלּבJos 9:1 ; הַיּ׳ הָאַחֲרוֹןthe hinder sea Dt 11:24 ; 34:2 Zc
14:8 Jo 2:20 (in the last two opp. הַיּ׳ ַה ַקּדְמֹנִי, v. infr. ); of Mediterr. in
particular part ִים
ִשׁתּ
ְ יָם ְפּלEx 23:31 (JE); יָם יָפוֹ2 Ch 2:15 = יָם יָפוֹאEzr 3:7 ;
of Mediterr. in pl. Dn 11:45 [ cf. 8 d ] Hi Ke Meinh Bev Dr (world-
encircling seas Behrm ). 2. ‘ יַם־סוּףRed Sea ’ ( v. סוּףEx 13:18 ( cf. 10:19 ),
15:4 Nu 14:25 Dt 1:40 Jos 2:10 Ju 11:16 + often; also היָּם
ַ Ex 14:2 ( ×2 )
, 9 (?)
Is 51:10 ( ×2 )
; 63:11 + ; prob. also ריִם
ַ יָם־ ִמ ְצ11:15 ; ‘Red Sea’ named or referred
to c. 66 times; יַם־סוּףclearly of Ælanitic Gulf 1 K 9:26 ( cf. 2 Ch 8:17 ). 3. Dead
Sea , ַח יָם
ֶמלsea of salt Gn 14:3 Nu 34:3 , 12 Dt 3:17 Jos 3:16 ; 12:3 ; 15:2 , 5
; 18:19 ; ָה
ָה ֲע ָרב יָם Dt 3:17 ; 4:49 Jos 3:16 ; 12:3 2 K 14:25 ; קּדְמֹנִי
ַ ַה
הַיּ׳Ez
47:18 Zc 14:8 Jo 2:20 ( v. supr. ) simply יָםIs 16:8 Je 48:32 ;—in עזֵר ְַ יָם יJe
48:32 יָםis text. error, del. c. Gf Gr Che Gie 4. Sea of Galilee יָם ִכּנֶּרֶתNu
34:11 Jos 13:27 ; כּנְּרוֹת ִ יָם12:3 ; simply יָםDt 33:23 . 5. more gen. sea , opp.
ימןS 541
TWOT 872
GK ( √ of foll.; found in deriv. in all cogn., but orig.
587
meaning dubious; Thes al. comp. אמןconfirm , whence right hand as the stronger;
others from use of right hand in confirming by an oath ) .
I. יָמִיןS 3225 , 3226 TWOT 872a
GK 3545 , 3546
137 n. f. Ex 15:6 ( Pr 27:16 no
except, v. Now Str ) right hand ( NH id. ; SI 3
מימןon the right; Aramaic
יַמִּינָא, ; Arabic right, right side, right hand, south; Ethiopic right hand , right side;
Sab. ימןright hand , ימנתsouth , are also quoted; Assyrian imnu , right, right side,
on the right , Dl HWB 307 ) — abs. ִין יָמGn 13:9 + 40 times; cstr. יְמִין1 S 23:24
+ 19 times; sf. ִינִי יְמJe 22:24 + 6 times, etc.; always sg. :— 1. right hand: a. lit. of
man, often opp. שֹׂמֹאולGn 48:13 , 14 ( cf. v 18 ), Dn 12:7 ; ִינוֹ יָדַע בֵּין־יְמ
ִשׂמֹאלוֹ ְ לJon 4:11 distinguish between one’s right hand and one’s left; שׁלח ימין
Ju 5:26 ( || ;) ידas holding the lot Ez 21:27 ; also of right hand as skilful ψ 137:5 ;
as receiving bribes 26:10 ( || דיִם ַָ ;) יused in false swearing ֶשׁקֶר יְמִינָם יְמִין144:8 ,
11 their right hand is a right hand of falsehood; often also c. יַד, ִינוֹ יַד־יִמGn
48:17 ( E ) hand of his right = his right hand Ju 7:20 2 S 20:9 ; ִינוֹ ִאטֵּר יַד־יְמJu
3:15 ; 20:16 bound as to one’s right hand , i.e. left-handed. b. fig. , of right hand as
held by י׳Is 41:10 , 13 ; 45:1 ; so יַד־ימיניψ 73:23 . c. right hand of י׳, as instr. of
delivering Israel Ex 15:6 ( ×2 )
, 12 + , cf. ֵשׁע יְמִינוֹ
ַ ִבּגְבוּרוֹת י ψ 20:7 ; יְמִין ֶעלְיוֹן
ְשׁנוֹת 77:11 , || ע
ַ זְרוֹ98:1 ; as acquiring the temple-site 78:54 ; as holding his
servant 18:36 (line om. in || 2 S 22:36 ), cf. 63:9 & ִי
ִצ ְדק בִּימִין Is 41:10 ; as
finding, lighting upon ( ) מצאhis enemies ψ 21:9 ( || ;) ידas full of ֶק
ֶצד48:11 ; as
dispensing blessings 16:11 ( נעמות בימינךcf. Pr 3:16 of wisdom, personified);
used in divine oath Is 62:8 ( || ע ַ ) זְרוֹ. 2. of situation on, or direction toward, the
right: a. of situation, c. ִן
מ, ִשּׂמֹאלָם ְ מִימִינָם וּמEx 14:22 , 29 a wall on their right
hand and on their left hand; similarly 2 S 16:6 1 K 7:39 , 49 = 2 Ch 3:17 ; 4:6 ,
1 K 22:19 ( = 2 Ch 18:18 c. ) על, 2 Ch 4:7 , 8 ψ 91:7 ( || ך ָ ;) ִמ ִצּ ְדּfor
protection 16:8 ; ל מימין 2 K 23:13 Ez 10:3 ; c. ְל, ֵשׁב לִימִינוֹ
ֶ וַתּ 1 K 2:19 , so
ψ 110:1 ; 45:10 ; 109:31 ; c. עַל־ Zc 3:1 1 Ch 6:24 2 Ch 18:18 ( = 1 K 22:19
c. ) מן, Ne 8:4 Jb 30:12 ψ 109:6 cf. 110:5 ; without prep. ִיר
ָהע יְמִין 2 S 24:5
Jb 23:9 . b. of direction toward , lit. ימין נָטָה Nu 20:17 ; 22:26 (both JE); סוּר
ימין Dt 2:27 1 S 6:12 ; ושׂ׳ ָפּרַץ ימין ִה ָפּרֶדin prev. cl.) Gn
Is 54:3 ; also ( vb.
13:9 ; ֵיט ימין ַהבּψ 142:5 , and looking is implied also in Ez 1:10 ( c. ; אֶל־opp.
ַשּׂמֹאול ְ ;) ֵמהc. עַל, נטה ( ָל ֶלכֶת) על ַהיָּמִין2 S 2:19 , 21 ; פנה על־ימיןGn
24:49 ; sq. ֶל א, of course ( ) הלךof boundary Jos 17:1 ; c. ְל, ַליָּמִין ֵמעַל לַחוֹמָה
Ne 12:31 ( vb. om., went ) to the right above the wall; fig. of moral deviation, ִין יָמ
… ָרוּשׂמֹאול סוּר מִן־ ַה ָדּב ְ Dt 17:11 , so 5:29 ; 17:20 ; 28:14 Jos 1:7 ; 23:6 2 K
22:2 = 2 Ch 34:2 ; נטה ימין ושׂ׳Pr 4:27 ; also (very late) of the right as morally
Str H. L. Strack.
good, ִינוֹ
לִימ ( לֵב ָחכָםopp. ) שׂמאלEc 10:2 De Reuss Now . † 3. of other parts
of the body, besides hand ( v. יַד־ימינוetc. supr. ): right thigh ִינוֹ
יֶ ֶר ְך יְמJu 3:16 ,
24 ; eye ִין
עֵין יָמ1 S 11:2 ; עין ימינוZc 11:17 ( ×2 )
especially ִין
שׂוֹק ַהיָּמi.e. the
right (upper) leg of sacrificial animal Ex 29:22 Lv 7:32 , 33 ; 8:25 , 26 ; 9:21 Nu
18:18 . † 4. = south , because when facing east the right hand is toward the south:
ְשׁימוֹן
ִ ִמימִין ַהי1 S 23:19 ; אֶל־יְמִיןv 24 ; מִימִינֵ ְך ישׁבEz 16:46 ( ||
צָפוֹן וְיָמִין ;) על־שׂמאולך ψ 89:13 ; also perhaps 2 S 24:5 2 K 23:13 ψ 107:3 , v.
יָם9.
† I. ִי
יְמִינS 3227
TWOT 872b
GK 3549
ֵשׁם
adj. Kt right hand, on the right:
הימיני יָכִין2 Ch 3:17 the name of the one on the right was Yakin; ִצ ְדּ ָך הימיני Ez
4:6 thy right side ( Qr in both מנִי
ָ ְ ַהי, v. infr. )
† II. [ ַן
יָמS 3231
TWOT 872c
GK 3554
] vb. denom.Hiph. go to or choose the right,
use the right hand ;— Impf. 1. s. coh. מ֫נָה
ִ וְאֵיGn 13:9 ( J ) then I will go to the
right ; 2 mpl. (as from [ ִינוּ )] אמן
ַתּ ֲאמIs 30:21 , fig. of turning aside from right
course of life (both || ;) השׂמאילInf. cstr. in phr. ֲשׁר ִדּבֶּר
ֶ ַשׂמִיל מִכֹּל א
ְ וּ ְלה
אֲדֹנִי ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך אִם־אִשׁ ְל ֵהמִין2 S 14:19 it is surely impossible to turn to the right or
to the left , etc.; Imv. fs. מ֫ינִי ִ הֵיEz 21:21 go to right! ( opp. ַשׂ ִ ֫מילִי ְ ;) הPt. pl.
use the right hand: ִינִים ַשׂמִאלִים ָבּ ֲא ָבנִים וּ ַב ִחצִּים ַבּ ָקּ֑ ֶשׁת ַמיְמ
ְ וּמ1 Ch 12:2 using
the right hand and the left hand with stones and with arrows in the bow (i.e. in
throwing and shooting).
† I. ָן
תֵּימS 8486 , 8487
TWOT 872e , 872f
GK 9402 , 9403
n. f. Is 43:6 south, south
wind chiefly poet., P & Ez ( lit. what is on the right (hand), i.e. as one faces east; v
Wetzst Verhandi d. Berl. Anthrop. Ges. 1878, 390
) — abs. ת׳ Zc 9:14 + 6 times ( ַתּ׳
הonly Zc
6:6 ); ָן
ֵתּמJb 9:9 ; c. ה loc. תֵּי ָמ֫נָה Ex 26:18 + 12 times;— 1. a. south, southern
quarter of sky, ָן
ְלתֵימJb 39:26 (of flight of bird); of constellations ת׳ ַח ְדרֵי 9:9 ;
ַסעֲרוֹת ת׳Zc 9:14 whirlwinds of the south; of territory, the south Is 43:6 ( opp.
) צָפוֹן, also ֶארֶץ הַתּ׳Zc 6:6 ( opp. נֶגְ ָבּה ִמ ְקצֵה ת׳ ;) ֶארֶץ צָפוֹן
Jos 15:1
southward at the end of the south , i.e. in the remotest south (of the land);—see also
II. ת׳. b. c. הloc. toward the south , especially in topograph. description (often
with other points of compass), מ֫נָה
ָ ֵתּי פְּאַת ֫נֶגְבָּה Ex 26:18 ( P ), פ׳ת׳ן׳Ez 47:19 ,
פ׳ נֶגֶב ת׳Ex 27:9 ; 36:23 ; 38:9 (all P ), Ez 47:19 ; 48:28 ; + צלעside Ex 26:35
, ירךNu 3:29 (both P ); also Nu 2:10 ; 10:6 ( P ); ָה ֫יָמָּה וְצָפֹ֫נָה וְת׳ וּ ִמזְ ָרחDt
3:27 ; הloc. is redundant in מ֫נָה
ָ ֶדּ ֶר ְך תֵּיEz 21:2 turn thy face southward ( || דָּרוֹם
and ) נֶגֶב. 2. south wind ψ 78:26 ( קדִים ָ in || cl.), Ct 4:16 ( צָפוֹןin || cl.)
Wetzst J. G. Wetzstein
תֵּי ָמנִי S 8489
GK 9404
adj. gent. always c. art. מנִי
ָ ַהתֵּי ( ֱאלִיפַזv. supr. ) Jb
2:11 ; 4:1 ; 15:1 ; 42:7 , 9 = מנִי
ָ אֱל׳ ַה ֵתּ22:1 ; = n.pr. coll. ַתּ׳ ֶארֶין הGn
36:34 the land of the Temanites = 1 Ch 1:45 .
ימרvb. assumed in Thes to expl. Hiph. ֵהמִיר = הֵימִירJe 2:11 , and Hithp.
ִתּ ְתיַ ָ ֑מּרוּ
Is 61:6 ; but on הימירv. ( מורKö i 457
), and מּ֑רוּ
ָ ַ ִתּ ְתיis prob. from אמרq.v.
supr. p. 56b .
† יָמַשׁS 3237
GK 3560
vb. ( si vera l. ) touch , Hiph. Imv. sf. והימשׁני Kt (i.e.
ִשׁנִי
ֵ ) וְהֵימJu 16:26 ( ִישׁנִי
ֵ זַ ֲהמ Qr ) and let me touch (no doubt text error for ִשּׁנִי
ֵ ֲהמ
from משׁשׁ, q.v. )
[ יָנָהS 3238
TWOT 873
GK 3435 , 3561
] vb. suppress (?) oppress , maltreat ( NH
Hiph. vex with words; so Aramaic Aph. אוֹנִי, but also for Heb. הוֹנָהmaltreat;
Arabic is laxus, debilis fuit , IV. debilitavit, defaligavit , but connex. dub. ) — Qal Impf.
1 pl. sf. נִינָם ψ 74:8 ; Pt. יוֹנָה Je 25:38 + 3 times + ψ 123:4 ( v. infr. ); suppress
(?), sq. acc. ψ 74:8 ( dub. ; Ges § 76f
ָהעִיר
); elsewhere oppress; Pt. abs. as adj.
הַיּוֹנָהZp 3:1 ; subst. f. coll. הַיּוֹנָהoppressors Je 25:38 (but read ֶחרֶבfor חֲרוֹן,
with Ew Hi Gf Ke etc., as 46:16 ; 50:16 ); ψ 123:4 Qr ֵי יוֹנִים ִלגְאproudest
oppressors ( st. cstr. in superlat., cf. Ges § 133, 3, R. 1. ; yet most follow Kt לגאייונים,
and der. from ֲיוֹן גַּאq.v. p. 145 supr. ) Hiph. Pf. הוֹנָהEz 18:12 , 16 ; הוֹנוּ22:7 , 29
; Impf. יוֹנֶה18:7 ; 2 ms. תּוֹנֶהEx 22:20 ; תּוֹנֶנּוּDt 23:17 ; יוֹנוּEz 45:8 ; תּוֹנוּLv
19:33 + 2 times; תֹּנוּJe 22:3 ; Inf. sf. ָם הוֹנֹתEz 46:18 ; Pt. מוֹנַ֫יְִךIs 49:26 ;—
oppress, maltreat , sq. acc. , especially of ill-treatment of poor and weak, partic. of the
גֵּר, the ‘stranger,’ sojourner, by the rich and powerful, Ex 22:20 (JE), Lv 19:33 ;
partic. particle.
25:14 , 17 ( H ), Dt 23:17 Je 22:3 Ez 18:7 , 12 , 16 ; 22:7 , 29 ; 45:8 ; 46:18 ; of a
foreign oppressor only Is 49:26 .
†[ יָנַק S 3243 , 5134 TWOT 1332 , 874 GK 3567 ] vb. suck ( NH id. ; Aramaic יְנַק, ,
and deriv.; Assyrian enîḳu , suck SASm Asrb. i, Gloss. mušêniḳtu , nurse , Jen ZA , 1886, 402
) — Qal Pf. וְיָנַ ְק ְתּconsec. Is 60:16 ; וִינַ ְקתֶּם66:12 ; Impf. יִינָ֑קJb 20:16 ; אִינָ֑ק
תִּינָ֑קIs 60:16 ; יִינָ֑קוּDt 33:19 ; תִּינְקוּIs 66:11 ; Pt.
3:12 ; ִי יוֹנֵק Dt 32:25 + 7 times,
יֹנֵקNu 11:12 ; ִים יוֹנְקψ 8:3 ; יוֹנְקֵיJo 2:16 ;— suck , of infant at mother’s breast,
abs. Jb 3:12 ; metaph. of abundance and honour of Jerusalem in future, Is 66:11 abs. ;
sq. acc. of breast 60:16 , acc. of milk v 16 ; 66:12 ; sq. acc. תנִים רֹאשׁ ָ ְפּJb
20:16 of punishment of wicked; pt. sq. acc. יוֹנֵק ְשׁדֵי ִאמִּי Ct 8:1 ; cstr.
ֵי־שׁ ַדיִם
ָ יוֹנְקJo 2:16 elsewhere as subst. , suckling, babe Nu 11:12 Dt 32:25 ( opp.
עוֹלֵל || ;) אִישׁ ֵשׂיבָה1 S 15:3 ; 22:19 ψ 8:3 Je 44:7 La 2:11 ; || עוֹלָל4:4 , cf. Jo
2:16 ; || גָּמוּלIs 11:8 ;—on Is 53:2 v. יוֹנֵקInfr. Hiph. Pf. ָה הֵינִ֫יקGn 21:7 ; ֵהנִ֫יקוּ
La 4:3 ; Impf. sf. ק֫הוּ ֵ ִ זַיֵּנDt 32:13 ; 3 fs. תֵּינִקEx 2:7 ; וַ ֵתּ֫נֶק1 S 1:23 ; וַ ְתּנִי ֵק֫הוּ
Ex 2:9 ; Imv. fs. sf. ק֫הוּ ִ ִ הֵינv 9 ; Inf. ְלהֵינִיק1 K 3:21 ; Pt. מֵינֶ֫קֶתEx 2:7 ; cstr.
id. Gn 35:8 ; ְתּוֹ ֵמנִק2 K 11:2 ; מֵינִקְתּוֹ2 Ch 22:11 ; ֵמנִ ְקתָּהּGn 24:59 ; מֵינִיקוֹת
32:16 ; ך ְִ מֵינִיקֹ ַתיIs 49:23 ;— give suck to, nurse , sq. acc. Gn 21:7 1 K 3:21 Ex
2:7 , 9 1 S 1:23 ; cause to suck honey, fig. Dt 32:13 (2 acc. ); of animals La 4:3 sq.
acc. ; pt. fem. = nursing , ֶת ִשּׁה מֵינֶק
ָ אEx 2:7 lit. a nursing woman, a nurse; ם׳
alone as subst. = nurse Gn 24:59 ( J ), 35:8 ( E ) ְדּבֹרָה, 2 K 11:2 2 Ch 22:11 ;
metaph. Is 49:23 ; of camels ֵינִיקוֹת
מ גְּ ַמלִּים Gn 32:16 .
† יוֹנֵק S 3126
TWOT 874a
GK 3437
n. m. young plant, sapling ( sucker ) — Is
53:2 ( || ֶשׁ
) שֹׂרin sim. of the suffering servant of י׳.
יוֹנֶ֫קS
† [ ֶת 3127
TWOT 874b
GK 3438
] n. f. young shoot, twig ( = foregoing )
— ְתּוֹ יוֹנַקJb 8:16 + 2 times; יוֹנְקוֹתָיוHo 14:7 ; יֹנְקוֹתָיוEz 17:22 ; יוֹנְקוֹתֶי ָהψ
80:12 ;— shoot, twig , of tree Jb 14:7 ; of wicked under fig. of tree Jb 8:16 ; 15:30
; Israel under fig. of olive-tree Ho 14:7 , of cedar Ez 17:22 , of vine ψ 80:12 .
Asrb. Assurbanipal.
† [ ָה יְנִיקS 3242 TWOT 874c GK 3566
] n. f. id. , only pl. sf. יְנִיקוֹתָיו Ez 17:4
of Israel under figure of cedar.
† [ ָה
יְסוּדS 3248
TWOT 875c
GK 3573
] n. f. foundation = city founded ;
יְסוּדָתוֹ ְבּ ַה ֲררֵי־קֹדֶשׁ ψ 87:1 ( || ִיּוֹן
צ ) אֹהֵב י׳ ַשׁ ֲערֵי.
† מוּסָד S 4143
TWOT 875d
GK 4586
n. m. Is 23:16 foundation, foundation-
laying ;— ָד
מוּסIs 28:16 ( v. יסדHoph.); מוּסַד בית י׳ עַד־הַיּוֹם 2 Ch 8:16 until
the day (of) 2 י׳.
† [ ָד
מוֹסS 4144 , 4146
TWOT 875f
GK 4587 , 4589
] n. m. ψ 18:8 foundation ;— pl.
abs. מוֹסָדוֹתJe 51:26 ; cstr. מוֹסְדוֹתψ 18:16 + 2 times, מֹסְדוֹת2 S 22:16 ;
מוֹ ְסדֵיDt 32:22 + 6 times; מֹ ְסדֵיMi 6:2 ;— foundations ֶאבֶן לם׳Je 51:26 ;
Ry V. Ryssel.
מוֹ ְס ֵדי ֶארֶץfoundations of the earth Mi 6:2 Is 24:18 Je 31:37 ψ 82:5 Pr 8:29 ;
ם׳ הא׳Is 40:21 ; ם׳ ֵתּבֵלψ 18:16 = 2 S 22:16 ; ם׳ הריםDt 32:22 ψ 18:8 ; 2 S
22:8 has (less well ) ם׳ דור־ודור ; ם׳ שׁמיםIs 58:12 ( || ְבוֹת עולם ) ָחרi.e. ancient
foundations, now ruined.
† ַמסַּד S 4527
TWOT 875g
GK 4996
n. [ m. ] foundation ;— ַד
ָסּ ( ִמ ַמּסּK 3
) 1
K 7:9 || ָחוֹת
; עַד־ ַה ְטּפCo reads ַמסַּדalso Ez 41:8 (for MT ֯ ).
מיּ ְסדוֹת
יָסַףS 3254
TWOT 876
GK 3578
214 vb. add ( NH id. , Hiph.; Aramaic Aph. ִיף
אוֹס,
; Ph. ; יסף MI 29
יספתי, 1:21 ; לספתSab. וסףHom ZMG 1892, 530 ; Assyrian esêpu
dub. ( eṣêpu Dl ) — † Qal Pf. ַף יָסGn 38:26 + ; יָֽ ְספָהGn 8:12 ; וְיָֽ ְספָהconsec.
2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31 ; תּ ָ יָ ַס֫ ְפIs 26:15 2 Ch 9:6 ; ֫ וְיָ ַס ְפ ָתּDt 19:9 , etc.; Imv. סְפוּIs
29:1 Je 7:21 ; + Inf. cstr. ֶת ָל ֶס֫פfor MT ִלסְפּוֹתNu 32:14 Is 30:1 ( Ges § 69. 2. R );
Pt. ִף( יוֹסread ) יוֹסֵףIs 29:14 ; 38:5 ( Kö i 403 adds Ec 1:18 יוֹסִיף, from form and
connexion less likely); pl. ִים יֹ ְספDt 5:22 ;— add sq. acc. + על1 S 12:19 Je 7:21 ;
45:3 Is 29:1 ; 30:1 ; 38:5 Dt 19:9 ( + ) עוד, Lv 22:14 ; 26:21 ; 27:13 , 15 , 19 , 27
; sq. acc. 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31 , Nu 32:14 2 Ch 9:6 sq. ( עלno acc. ִי ָשׁ ָמ֑ ְעתּ
ֲשׁר
ֶ ַשּׁמוּעָה אְ ;) יָ ַס ְפ ָתּ עַל־הsq. ( ְלno acc. ) = increase Is 26:15 ( ×2 ) ( ;) לַגּוֹי יָ ַס ְפ ָתּ
sq. acc. increase, have more 29:19 ( ענָוִים ֲ ;) ביהוה ִשׂ ְמחָה וְיָסְֽפוּ14 times sq. inf.
Gn 8:12 ( ָה שׁוּב אליו עוֹד לֹא יָסְֽפ, i.e. it did not again return unto him ), 38:26 ( +
) עוד, Lv 26:18 Nu 32:15 ( + ) עוד, Dt 5:22 ( + ) עוֹד, 20:8 Ju 8:28 ; 13:21 ( + עוד
), 1 S 7:13 ( + ) עוד, 15:35 ; 27:4 ( ַף עוֹד ) וְלאֹ יָו֯ס, 2 S 2:28 ( + ) עוד, 2 K 6:23 (
+ ) עוֹד, Is 29:14 ; cf. Nu 11:25 Dt 5:19 , where inf. not expressed, but implied from
context; both c. לֹאand did not do it again . † Niph. Pf. ַף נוֹסJe 36:32 וְן׳consec.
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch.
Ex 1:10 Nu 36:3 ; 3 fs. וְנוֹ ְספָה consec. Nu 36:4 ; Pt. וְנוֹסָף Pr 11:24 ; ָפוֹת
נוֹסIs
15:9 ;— 1. join ( intr. ), join oneself to ( ַל
) עEx 1:10 . 2. be joined, added to ( ) עַלNu
36:3 , 4 Je 36:32 ; pt. abs. is increased Pr 11:24 ; pt. fem. pl. = thing added,
additions (i.e additional calamities) Is 15:9 . Hiph. 172 Pf. ִיף הֹס2 K 24:7 ; הוֹ ַס֫ ְפ ָתּ1 K
10:7 etc.; Impf. 164 יוֹסִיף Jos 23:13 + ; juss. יוֹסֵף ( ֫יוֹסbef. tone) Pr
Gn 30:24 + ; ֶף
וַיּ֫וֹסIs 7:10 + ; וַיֹּ֫אסֶף1 S 18:29 ; 2 ms.
1:5 ; 9:9 ; ֶף תּוֹסִיף Am 7:13 + ; juss.
תֹּסֵףDt 13:1 ; תּוֹ ַס֑ףJb 40:32 ; תּוֹ ְס ִףPr 30:6 ; אוֹסִיףHo 1:6 + ; volunt. אוֹסֵף9:15 ;
אֹסֵףDt 18:16 + Ez 5:16 ( del. Co ); אֹ ִס֫פָה2 S 12:8 + prob. Dt 32:23 (for MT
;) אַ ְספֶּה3 mpl. יוֹסִפ֫וּן1 K 19:2 ; 2 mpl. תּוֹ ִס֫יפוּIs 1:5 + ; תֹּסִפ֫וּןGn 44:23 + 2
times; ִפ֫וּן תֹּאסEx 5:7 (per contr. 2 S 6:1 ψ 104:29 , cf. sub ) אסף, etc.; Pt. pl.
מוֹסִיפִיםNe 13:18 ; Inf. cstr. הוֹסִיףLv 19:25 + 3 times;— 1. add ( = Qal ) sq.
acc. + ַל ע2 K 20:6 Lv 5:16 , 24 ; 27:31 Nu 5:7 Jb 34:37 (Elihu), ψ 61:7 Pr 16:23
Ez 5:16 ( v. supr. ), Ne 13:18 + Dt 32:23 ; sq. acc. + ל ְ Gn 30:24 Pr 3:2 ; 9:11 ;
sq. acc. + ֶל א1 K 10:7 (i.e. thou hast more wisdom and prosperity than is reported);
sq. acc. + ִם עPr 10:22 ; cf. וְהוֹ ַס ְפ ִתּ֫י עַל־כָּל־ ְתּ ִהלָּֽ ְת ָךψ 71:14 (i.e. increase);
וְהוֹ ַס֫ ְפתִּי חכמה על כל־אשׁר־היה ְל ָפנַיEc 1:16 ( || ( ) ִהגְ ַדּ֫ ְלתִּיi.e. gain more); cf. 2:9
( || ִי ה׳ לכם תבואתו ;) וְָג ַד֫ ְלתּLv 19:25 (i.e. yield more); אַחְאָב … מִכֹּל וגו׳ וַיּ֫וֹסֶף
ַלעֲשׂוֹת ְל ַה ְכעִים אֶת־יהוה1 K 16:33 ( did more to provoke ); add to, increase ( sq. על
) no obj. expr. ה׳ על־חטאתנו2 Ch 28:13 ; ישׂראל ה׳ על־אשׁמתEzr 10:10 ; עליו
֔
להוסיף אֵיןEc 3:14 ( opp. ) ִלגְרֹ ַע, cf. Dt 4:2 ; 13:1 1 K 12:11 , 14 1 Ch 22:14
2 Ch 10:11 , 14 Pr 30:6 ψ 115:14 ; sq. ֶל ( אno other obj. expr.) Ez 23:14 ; = give
in addition ָה לך וְאֹ ִספ2 S 12:8 ; מַה־יֹּסִיף ָל ְךψ 120:4 ( || ;) מַה־יִּתֵּן ְל ָךespecially in
phr. ) י׳ ( לך (לי) וכה יוסיף כה יעשׂה אלהים1 S 3:17 so may God do to thee and
more also , 14:44 ; 20:13 ; 25:22 2 S 3:9 ( ) יוסיף לו וכה, v 35 ; 19:14 1 K 2:23
2 K 6:31 Ru 1:17 ; subj. heathen gods 1 K 19:2 ; 20:10 ; c. acc. ֶץ ה׳ אֹמadd
strength = grow stronger Jb 17:9 , cf. Pr 1:5 ; 9:9 Ec 1:18 ( ×2 ) , also Is 1:5 Pr
16:21 ; also, where subj. different from indirect obj. Pr 10:27 ( ) יראת י׳ יוסיף ימים,
19:4 ; 23:28 ; = multiply פעמים ה׳ עליכם ָכּכֶם אלףDt 1:11 cf. 1 Ch 21:3 ; מֵאָה
ְפ ָעמִים וְיוֹסֵף י׳ אלהי ָך אל־העם ָכּהֵם וְָכהֵם2 S 24:3 ; cf. ִשׁנֶה וַיֹּסֶף י׳
ְ ְלמ
את־כל־אשׁר ְלאִיּוֹבJb 42:10 . 2. a. sq. inf. (with or without ) ְלadd to do = do
again or more (in Hex only JE & D ); + עוֹדGn 8:21 ( ×2 ) ; 18:29 ; 37:5 , 8 Ex
10:29 ; 14:13 Nu 25:13 Dt 3:26 ; 17:16 ; 19:20 ; 28:68 Ju 9:37 ; 20:28 1 S 3:6 ;
18:29 (increase), 23:4 ; 27:4 ( Kt ), 2 S 2:22 ; 5:22 ; 7:20 ( inf. om. in || 1 Ch 17:18
), 14:10 ; 18:22 2 K 24:7 Am 7:8 , 13 ; 8:2 Is 8:5 ; 10:20 ; 23:12 ; 51:22 Na 2:1
Zp 3:11 Je 31:12 Ez 36:12 ψ 10:18 ; 77:8 ; 78:17 ; inf. om. Pr 19:19 1 Ch 17:18 ;
עוֹדom. Gn 4:2 , 12 ; 8:10 ; 44:23 Ex 5:7 ; 8:25 ; 9:28 , 34 ; 10:28 Nu 25:19 , 25
Dt 13:12 ; 18:16 ; 25:3 Jos 7:12 ; 23:13 Ju 2:21 ; 3:12 ; 4:1 ; 10:6 , 13 ; 13:1 ;
20:22 , 23 1 S 3:8 , 21 ; 9:8 ; 19:8 ; 20:17 2 S 3:34 ; 7:10 ; 24:1 2 K 21:8 Is 1:13
; 7:10 ; 24:20 Ho 9:15 ; 13:2 Am 5:2 1 Ch 17:9 2 Ch 28:22 ; 33:8 Jb 27:1 ; 29:1
ψ 41:9 La 4:15 , 16 , 22 Jon 2:5 ; inf. om. Ex 11:6 Dt 25:3 Jb 20:9 ; 34:32
(Elihu), 38:11 ; 41:5 , 32 Jo 2:2 ; cf. also ֲבוֹד
ה׳ עNu 22:26 i.e. went on further . b.
sq. Impf. c. ·ַ( וof past time) Gn 25:1 1 S 19:21 Est 8:3 Jb 36:1 (Elihu), Dn 10:18
; + עוֹדGn 38:5 Ju 11:14 1 Ch 14:13 . c. sq. Impf. asynd. ( Ges לא
§ 120, 1 b, 2b
)
תוסיפי יקראו־ ָל ְךIs 47:1 , 5 ; ְשׁנּוּ עוֹד
ֶ אוסיף ֲא ַבקPr 23:55 ; לא אוסיף עוֹד ֲא ַרחֵם
אֶת־בֵּית ישׂראלHo 1:6 ; לא יוסיף יָבֹא־בך עודIs 52:1 .
יוֹסֵף S 3130
TWOT 876a
GK 3441
212 and ֵף
יְהוֹסS 3084
GK 3388
( † ψ 81:6 v.
Ges § 53, 3, R. 7
( he adds, increases , v. יוספיהinfr. ;—on n.pr.loc. in
). n.pr. m.
Pal. Yšap arḁ (Egyptian form, = ) אל יוסףv. Mey ZAW vi, 8 WMM Asien u. Europa
162
) — 1. elder son of Jacob and Rachel; a. as an inividual Gn 30:24 ( name expl. v
23 ( E ) from ַף = אָסtake away , but v 24 ( J ) from יָסַףadd ) + 155 times Gn,
chiefly in narrative of JE, also poem 49:22 , 26 and, depenent on this, 1 Ch 5:1 , 2
; P only 35:24 ; 37:2a ; 41:46 ( ×2 ) ; 46:19 , 20 , 27 ; 47:5 , 7 , 11 ; 48:3 ; also
Ex 1:5 , 6 ( P ), v 8 13:19 Jos 24:32 (all E ), 1 Ch 2:2 ψ 105:17 . † b. as
founder of a tribal division ֵה יו׳
= ( ַמטּManasseh) Nu 13:11 ; usually ְבּנֵי־יו׳1:32
( = Ephraim), commonly = Ephraim and Manasseh 1:10 ; 26:28 , 37 ; 34:23 Jos
14:4 ; 16:1 , 4 ; 17:14 , 16 ; 18:11 , cf. 24:32 1 Ch 7:29 , but also of E. Jordan
Israel (where half Manasseh settled) Nu 36:1 = ֵה בני יו׳ ַמטּv 5 ; cf. ֲחצִי ֵשׁבֶט
מנשׂה בֶּן־יוֹסֵף 32:33 cf. 36:12 , and Jos 17:1 , 2 ; ֵית יו׳
( בּManasseh and
Ephraim) 17:17 (so orig. v 14 according to Di ), 18:5 Ju 1:22 , 23 , 35 ,
occupying the great central region of Palestine; 2 S 19:21 1 K 11:28 ; ultimately =
c. the northern kingdom Am 5:6 Zc 10:6 ( || ֵית יְהוּדָה ) בּOb 18 ( || ;) בית יעקב
so ֵף
יוֹסalone Am 5:15 ; 6:6 Dt 27:12 ; 33:13 , 16 Ez 37:16 , 19 ; 47:13 ; 48:32
; ויוסף ְבּנֵי יַעֲקֹבψ 77:16 ; אֹהֶל יוֹסֵף78:67 ( || ) ֵשׁבֶט ֶא ְפ ַריִם. d. = entire
nation ψ 80:2 ( || ;) ישׂראלso ֵף יְהוֹס81:6 ( || id. ) † 2. a man of Issachar Nu 13:7
. † 3. a son of Asaph 1 Ch 25:2 , 9 . † 4. one of those who took strange wives Ezr
10:42 . † 5. a priest Ne 12:14 .
† פיָה
ְ יוֹ ִסS 3131 GK 3442
n.pr. m. ( י׳adds ) —father of one of Ezra’s
companions Ezr 8:10 .
† יִסּוֹרS 3250 TWOT 877a GK 3574 n. m. one who reproves, fault-finder , הֲרֹב
ִם־שׁדַּי יִסּוֹר
ַ ע Jb 40:2 shall a reprover contend with Shadday?
Talm ?Talmud.
Bö S. Bochart.
Bö F. Böttcher, Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache .
); cstr. מוּסַרDt 11:2 + 14 times (for Jb 12:18 see ;) אסרsf. מוּ ָסרִיPr 8:10 ;
מוּסָֽ ְר ָךIs 26:16 ; מֹ ָסרָםJb 33:16 (for ֻמ ָסרָםDi );— 1. a. discipline, correction ,
of God, Dt 11:2 ַר י׳ מוּסthe discipline of ( י׳of Y.’s wonders, as exercising a
disciplinary, educating influence upon Israel, cf. Dr ); לקח ם׳Je 17:23 ; 32:33 ;
35:13 Zp 3:2 , 7 ; ψ 50:17 Jb 33:16 ; 36:10 ; ִי ם׳ ְבּ ִל ָמּתthe correction of (i.e.
which leadeth to) my shame Jb 20:3 . b. ֵץ הוּא ם׳ הבלים עthe discipline of unreal
gods is wood (is like themselves, destitute of true moral force) Je 10:8 ; Ez 5:15 =
warning example (?) Ew Sm ( || ָה ; ְשׁ ָממdel. Co ). c. in Proverbs, discipline
in the school of wisdom: ום׳ חכמה1:2 , 7 ; 23:23 ; ם׳ חכמהdiscipline of wisdom
15:33 ; ֵל ְ ם׳ ה1:3 ; תוכחות ם׳6:23 ; ָהבִיאָה לַםּ׳ ִל ֶבּ֑ ָך23:12 apply thy mind
ַשׂכּ
to discipline; קבּל ם׳19:20 ; לקח ם׳1:3 ; 8:10 ; 24:32 ( cf. Je supr. ); ם׳ קנה
23:23 ; שׁמע ם׳8:33 ; 19:27 ; שׁמר ם׳10:17 ; אהב ם׳12:1 ; החזק בם׳4:13 ; the
revrese שׂנא ם׳5:12 ; ם׳ פרע13:18 ; 15:32 ; בזה ם׳1:7 ; באין ם׳for lack of
discipline 5:23 ( || ְתּוֹ
ם׳ ֱאוִלִים ִאוֶּלֶת ;) בְּרֹב ִאיַּל16:22 the discipline of fools is
folly; of paternal discipline, correction, Pr. 1:8 ; 4:1 ; 13:1 . 2. more severely,
chastening, chastisement: a. of God, ם׳ יהוהPr 3:11 chastening of Yahweh; שׁדַּי ַ ם׳
Jb 5:17 ; ך
ָ מוּסָֽ ְרIs 26:16 ם׳ ְשׁלוֹמֵנוּ ָעלָיוIs 53:5 chastisement of (i.e. leading
to) our peace was upon him; לקח ם׳Je 2:30 ; 5:3 ; 7:38 ; ִי ם׳ אַ ְכזָרJe 30:14
chastisement of a cruel one , MT , but read ָר א׳ מוּסcruel chastisement , Gf and
especially Gie ; ָם אני ם׳ ְל ֻכלּHo 5:2 I am a chastisement for them all . b. of man,
Pr 15:5 ; 23:13 ; ֲרוֹ ם׳ ִשׁח13:24 ; ֵשׁבֶט ם׳22:15 ; ם׳ אויל7:22 chastisement of a
fool; ָע
מוּסָר ר15:10 grievous chastisement .
[ ָר
] מֹסv. מוּסָר.
† יָעַד S 3259 TWOT 878 GK 3585 vb. appoint ( NH id. , appoint, assign ,
especially of acquiring or designating as wife; Aramaic id. ; Arabic promise, threaten,
predict , III. appoint a time or place; perhaps Assyrian ādu , decide , M-A 17 Dl HWB 230
; Ph. n.pr. — ) אשמניעדQal Pf. sf. ָדוֹ יְע2 S 20:5 ; יְָערָהּEx 21:8 + 2 times;
Impf. 3 m. sf. יִי ָע ֶדנָּה Ex 21:9 ;— appoint , a time 2 S 20:5 ; place Je 47:7 ; a rod
Mi 6:9 ; assign or designate as concubine Ex 21:8 , 9 (JE). Niph. Pf. נוֹ ַע ְדתִּי Ex 25:22
M-A W. Muss-Arnolt.
; ִי נוֹעֲדוּψ 48:5 Nu 10:3 , 4 ; נוֹ ָע֑דוּAm 3:3 ; Impf. ִאוָּעֵדEx
נֹ ַע ְדתּEx 29:43 ; pl.
29:42 + 3 times; 3 pl. ֲדוּ וַיִּוָּעJos 11:5 Jb 2:11 ; 1 pl. נִוָּעֵדNe 6:10 ; וְנִוָּ ֲעדָהv 2;
Pt. pl. עדִים
ָ נוֹNu 14:35 + 3 times; נֹ ָעדִים16:11 ;— 1. reflexive, meet at an
appointed place , with ל
ְ , of Yahweh meeting Moses at the Tent of ‘Meeting’ Ex 29:42 ,
43 ; 30:36 ( P ); at the throne of the Kapporeth 25:22 ; 30:6 Nu 17:19 ( P ). 2. meet by
appointment Am 3:3 Jb 2:11 ; with בּ ְ of place Ne 6:2 ; אֶלof place v 10 . 3. gather,
assemble by appointment , kings for a campaign ( abs. ) Jos 11:5 ( D ), ψ 48:5 ; with ֶל
א
, unto Moses Nu 10:4 ( P ); to the door of the tent of meeting v 3 ( P ); with ַל ע, unto
Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6 ; against Yahweh Nu 14:35 ; 16:11 ; 27:3 ( P ). Po ēl;
Pf. 1 s. ִי
( יוֹ ַע ְדתּfor MT ) יוֹ ַד ְעתִּי1 S 21:3 sq. acc. pers. + אֶלof place, according to
We Dr Kit Bu . Hiph. Impf. יוֹ ִע ֶדנִּי מִי Je 50:44 = מִי יֹעִי ֶדנִּי 49:19 = םִ׳
יוֹעִי ֵדנִי Jb 9:19 who will make me meet him at the appointed place (of judgment)? i.e.
who will summon or arraign me? Hoph. Pt. מוּ ָעדִים ִל ְפנֵי Je 24:1 be set, placed
before; ָדוֹת
ֻמע אָנָה ָפנַיְִך Ez 21:21 whither thy face is set .
מוֹעֵד S 4150
TWOT 878b
GK 4595
223 n. m. ψ 102:14 appointed time, place,
meeting ; ם׳Ex 9:5 + 183 times; ֵד
מֹעDt 31:10 ; מוֹעֲדוֹNu 9:2 + 2 times; מֹעֲדוֹ
La 2:6 + 3 times + 5 times sfs. ; pl. מוֹ ְעדִיםDn 12:7 + 6 times; מֹ ְעדִיםZc 8:19
1 Ch 23:31 ; ֲדוֹת
מוֹע2 Ch 8:13 ; cstr. ֵי
מֹו ֲעדLv 23:2 + 6 times; מֹ ֲעדֵיLv 23:44
; sfs. מוֹ ֲעדַי Ez 44:24 ; ֶם
מֹ ֲעדֵיכNu 15:3 + 6 times sfs;— † 1. appointed time: a.
in general with prefix ל
ְ , at an or the appointed time Gn 18:14 Ex 13:10 ( J ), Ex
23:15 ; 34:18 Jos 8:14 (all JE), Gn 17:21 ; 21:2 ( P ), 1 S 9:24 ; 13:8 (after אשׁר
insert either ַר
אָמ or שׂם
ָ Dr ), v 11 2 K 4:16 , 17 Hb 2:3 Dn 8:19 ;
11:27 , 29 , 35 ; דוד לם׳at the time appointed with David 1 S 20:35 ( Thes SS
place appointed ); c. prefix בּ
ְ Ho 2:11 Lv 23:4 Nu 9:2 , 3 , 7 , 13 ; 28:2 ( P );
c. ִן
מ2 S 20:5 ; עֵד עֵת ם׳24:15 unto the time appointed (but dub. , v. Dr ); c.
vbs. בא ם׳ψ 102:14 ; לקח ם׳75:3 ; שׂים ם׳Ex 9:5 ( J ); העביר הם׳Je 46:17 ;
the stork ידעה ם׳Je 8:7 knows her appointed time; ם׳ צאתךDt 16:6 time of thy
going forth (from Egypt). b. in particular ( cf. Ex 13:10 ; 23:15 ; 34:18 ), sacred
season , RV usually set feast or appointed season (wider than ַג ח, which was only a
feast celebrated by a pilgrimage ), יוֹם ) ימי ( ם׳day ( s ) of appointed season (i.e.
festivals ) Ho 9:5 ; 12:10 La 2:7 , 22 ; sg. indef. 1:4 ; of the feast of booths Dt
31:10 ; || חג חדשׁ שׁבתHo 2:13 ; || שׁבתLa 2:6 ; usually pl. ם׳ יהוהLv 23:2 , 4
, 37 , 44 ( P ), 2 Ch 2:3 Ezr 3:5 ; with sfs. referring to י׳Lv 23:2 ( P ); בּם׳Nu
15:3 ; 29:39 ( P ), Ez 36:38 ; 46:9 ; קרית ם׳city of our solemnities (sacred
seasons) Is 33:20 ; לם׳ טוביםZc 8:19 ; || שׁבתותEz 44:24 ; || חדשׁיםIs 1:14 1
Ch 23:31 2 Ch 8:13 ; 31:3 Ne 10:34 ; || חגיםEz 46:11 ; חגים חדשׁיםEz 45:17 ;
|| ֶם
ְשׁכ
ֵ ראשׁי ָחדNu 10:10 ( P ).— Notes . It is most probable that in Gn 1:14 ( P ),
where אֹתֹת || ם׳, the reference is to the sacred seasons as fixed by the moon’s
appearance; and so also עשׂה ירח לם׳he made the moon for sacred seasons ψ
104:19 , although many Lexx. & Comm. refer these to the seasons of the year.—
מועדים וחצי למועדDn 12:7 for a set time, times, and a half = 3 1/2 appointed
times = half the prophetic week of years, cf. Br MP 453 f. — ויאכלו את הם׳they
ate throughout the sacred season (of Maṣṣoth ) 2 Ch 30:22 AV RV , but Thes
SS Be Ke Öt they ate the offerings of the sacred season; וַיְכַלּוּ. 2. appointed
† [ ָד
מוֹעS 4151
TWOT 878c
GK 4596
] n. [ m. ] appointed place (of soldier in
army); pl. sf. ָיו
מוֹ ָעדi.e. his ranks Is 14:31 , so Thes SS RVm Ew De Che
Dr Du ; his places of assemblage Di ; at his appointed times RV .
† דיָה
ְ נוֹ ַעS 5129 GK 5676 n.pr. ( meeting with Yah ) — 1. m. Levite, cotemp.
Ezra Ezr 8:33 . 2. f. a prophetess hostile to Nehemiah Ne 6:14 .
† יָעָהS 3261
TWOT 879
GK 3589
vb. sweep together (with collat. ides of carrying
away ) ( Arabic is collect, gather ) — Qal Pf. וְיָעָה consec. Is 28:17 subj. ָד
ָבּרc.
acc. ( כזָב
ָ ) ויעה ב׳ ַמ ְחסֵה. cf. also Arabic vessel Gn 42:25 Saad ; cf. Baldensperger
PEF 1904, 53
, who cp. Mod. Arabic wa‛â ( ).
יְעוֹרִיםv. יַעַר.
יְעוּשׁS 3266 GK 3593
v. sub עוּשׁ.
†[ יָעַזS 3267 TWOT 880 GK 3594 ] vb. only Niph. Pt. as adj. ( precise meaning
dub. ; Arabic is give a nod or sign , then command , whence Heb. might have meaning
nodding, making signs (not intelligibly speaking), so Hi — Che barbarous , De “
ungebergid ”—which context favours, or arrogant; Thes proposes durus, saevus , and
comp. — ) עזזin phr. ָז עַם נוֹעIs 33:19 a barbarous (?) people , of foreign invader.
יְַעזֵרv. עזר.
†[ יָעַטS 3271
TWOT 881
GK 3598
] vb. cover ;—only Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. ְמעִיל
ְצ ָדקָה יְָע ָ ֑טנִי Is 61:10 ( || ֶשׁע
ַ ִבּגְדֵי־י ִישׁנִי
ַ ) ִה ְלבּ, but cf. ָעטָה.
יָעִירS 3265 GK 3600
v. sub עור.
† I. [ יָעַלS 3276
TWOT 882
GK 3603
] vb. only Hiph. confer or gain profit, benefit
;— Pf. הוֹעִיל Hb 2:18 ; Impf. יוֹעִיל Je 2:11 + 2 times; ִיל
אֹעJb 35:3 ; יוֹעִילוּ1 S
12:21 + 6 times; ע֫לוּ
ִ יוֹJe 2:8 ; 12:13 ; יוֹעִילוּ ְךIs 57:12 ; נוֹעִילJb 21:15 ; Inf. abs.
הוֹעֵיל Je 23:32 ; cstr. ִיל
הוֹע7:8 + 4 times; Pt. מוֹעִיל16:19 ;— profit, avail, benefit
, always c. neg. (except Jb 30:13 where in bad snese, Is 47:12 ; 48:17 ), or in question
implying neg.; especially of idols or false gods (as unprofitable ), so Hb 2:18 Is 44:9 ,
10 ; 57:12 Je 2:8 אחרי לא יועילו הלכו, v 11 המיר כבודו בלוא יועיל, 16:19
ואין בם מועיל, 1 S 12:21 , of vain confidences Je 7:8 , or promises 23:32 ( ×2 )
( sq. ְל
); of Egypt as ally Is 30:5 ( sq. ) ְל, v 5 , 6 ; of wickedness Pr 10:2 ; wealth 11:4 ;
worthless men Jb 30:13 ( ִילוּ
ְל ַהוָּתִי יוֹעi.e. benefit by it); of words Jb 15:3 ( || ָדּבָר
;) לֹא יִסְכּוֹןin gen. gain profit Is 47:12 ; 48:17 Je 12:13 Jb 21:15 ; 35:3 .
† ָה יוֹעֵאלS 3132 GK 3443 n.pr. m. ( perhaps from יוֹ ֵעלָהmay he avail! ) —one
of David’s heroes 1 Ch 12:8 (Baer; v 7 van d. H ).
† I. [ ֵל
יָעS 3277 , 3278
TWOT 883a
GK 3604 , 3605
] n. [ m. ] mountain-goat ( NH
id. ; יְעֵילָא, Syriac ; Arabic ; Assyrian ya ilu Dl S 53 (but Hpt BAS i. 170 , Jäger
ib. 465
); Ethiopic v. Hom NS 280 ) — Pl. ִים יְֵעלψ 104:18 ( || תַיּ׳ צוּרֵי ;) ְשׁ ַפנִּים1
S 24:3 ; ַע יֲַעלֵי־ ָ ֑סלJb 39:1 ( || ; אַיָּלוֹתcf. I. ) יֲַעלָה.
† [ ֵן
יָעS 3283
TWOT 884a
GK 3612
] n. [ m. ] ostrich ( i.e. voracious one? ) —
only pl. abs. כי ענים ַבּ ִמּ ְדבָּר La 4:3 Kt ; Qr ַכּיְֵענִים.
† [ ָה
תּוֹ ָעפS 8443
TWOT 886a
GK 9361
] n. f. eminence ; of towering horns (? v.
Di ) לוֹ כְּתוֹעֲפֹת ְראֵםNu 23:22 ; 24:8 , sim. of strength of Israel; of peaks
֑ ;) ֶמ ְח ְקרֵיof silver Jb 22:25 תּוֹעָפוֹת ָל֑ ְך ֶכּסֶף,
תּוֹעֲפוֹת ָהרִים לוֹψ 95:4 ( || ־אָרֶץ
very dubious, perhaps heaps or bars (ingots).
† יָעַץS 3289
TWOT 887
GK 3446 , 3619
vb. advise, counsel (only twice in Hex ) (
Aramaic ַט
; יְעArabic exhort, admonish ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. יָעַץIs 7:5 + 11 times; יָָע֑ץ
14:27 + 2 times; sf. צ֑נִיָ יְָעψ 16:7 ; יְָעצָהּIs 23:9 + יְָעצָהוּBaer 2 Ch 10:8 ; 3 pl.
יָֽעֲצוּψ 62:5 ; sf. יְָעצֻהוּ1 K 12:8 + 2 times (incl. 2 Ch 10:8 , Baer ) יְָע ָצ֑הוּ, etc.;
Impf. ָה אִי ֲעצψ 32:8 ( Ol Che אִיעָֽ ְצ ָך ;) אִיעָֽ ְצ ָךEx 18:19 Nu 24:14 (not
elsewhere Hex ), Je 38:15 , cf. also foregoing; ך ְ אִי ָע ֵצ1 K 1:12 ; Pt. act. יוֹעֵץIs 3:3
+ 9 times; cstr. ֵץ יֹעNa 1:11 , יוֹעֵץ2 S 15:12 ; יוֹ ֲע ֵצ ְךMi 4:9 ; pl. יוֹ ֲעצִיםJb 12:17
+ 3 times; ִים יֹ ֲעצEz 11:2 ; cstr. יֹ ֲעצֵיIs 19:11 + 2 times, etc.; fs. sf. יוֹ ַעצְתּוֹ2 Ch
22:3 ; Pt. pass. f. ָה יְעוּצIs 14:26 ;— advise, counsel , c. acc. Is 32:7 , 8 ; 23:9
(subj. ) י׳Mi 6:5 ; sq. ְבּ ִליַּ֫עַלNa 1:11 ָרעָהIs 7:5 ( sq. ) עַל, 19:12 ( sq. id. ), 23:8
( sq. id. ), Hb 2:10 ( sq. לְ ); often c. acc. cogn. 2 S 16:23 ; 17:7 Ez 11:2 ; sq. אֶל
against Je 49:20 ; 50:43 (in both of ;) י׳sq. ַל עagainst 49:30 Is 19:17 (of ;) י׳cf.
pass. pt. Is 14:26 ; c. acc. cogn. + sf. pers. 1 K 12:8 , 13 2 Ch 10:8 ; c. acc.
pers. 2 S 17:15 ψ 16:7 Ex 18:19 Nu 24:14 ( + rel. cl.) Je 38:15 ; abs. (of ) י׳Is
14:24 ( c. adv. ) כאשׁר, v 27 ; of man 2 S 17:15 ( וכזאת ) כזאת, v 21 ( ככה+
;) עלsq. inf. ψ 62:5 2 Ch 25:16 (of ;) אלהיםsq. cl. without connective 2 S 17:11 ;
sq. ָה לְלֹא ָח ְכמJb 26:3 ;— אִי ֲעצָה עליך עיניψ 32:8 ( v. supr. ).— Pt. act. as
subst. = counsellor , king’s adviser 2 S 15:12 1 Ch 27:33 2 Ch 22:4 ; 25:16 Ezr
7:28 ; 8:25 Is 19:11 ; so fem. 2 Ch 22:3 ; prob. also 1 Ch 27:32 ( || ֵר
אִישׁ ֵמבִין וְסוֹפ
); cf. Mi 4:9 , also Is 1:26 ( || ִים
) שֹׁ ְפט, Jb 12:17 ( || id. );—in these three, of
importance for people; so also Is 3:3 Pr 11:4 = 24:6 ; cf. Jb 3:14 , and particularly
ֶפּלֶא יוֹעֵץIs 9:5 wonder of a counsellor , of the ideal ruler predicted. More generally,
counsellor, adviser Pr 15:22 ; ֶל
ְשׂכ
ֶבּ יו׳ 1 Ch 26:14 (specific reason for title unknown);
ָשׁלוֹם יֹעֲ׳ Pr 12:20 ; = prophet Is 41:28 , nearly = agents (hired by adversaries of
Judah) Ezr 4:5 . Niph. ( reflex. or recipr.) Pf. נֵוֹעַץ Is 40:14 ; ֲצוּ
נוֹעψ 71:10 ; 83:6 ;
Impf. וַיִּוָּעַץ 1 K 12:6 + 10 times; ֲצוּ
יִוָּֽעIs 45:21 ; וַיִּוָּֽעֲצוּ2 Ch 30:23 ; נִוָּֽ ֲעצָהNe
6:7 ; Pt. pl. נוֹ ָעצִים 1 K 12:6 + 4 times;— consult together, exchange counsel , of
king with advisers, sq. אֶת־ 1 K 12:6 , 8 = 2 Ch 10:6 , 8 ; and so of י׳Is 40:14 ; sq.
אֶל־ 2 K 6 2 Ch 20:21 ; sq. עִם 1 Ch 13:1 2 Ch 32:3 ; abs. consider 1 K 12:28 2
Ch 25:17 ; 30:2 ; cf. 1 K 12:6 ( sq. inf. ) = 2 Ch 10:6 , 1 K 12:9 ( sq. Impf. + ו
subord.) = 2 Ch 10:9 ; gen. consult, take counsel , abs. Pr 13:10 ; חדָּו
ְ ַ יψ 71:10 Ne
6:7 Is 45:21 ; sq. ( לֵב יַ ְחדָּוwith heart together) ψ 83:6 nearly = determine , sq. inf.
2 Ch 30:23 . † Hithp. Impf. ֲצוּ יִ ְתיָעψ 83:4 conspire against, sq. יֲַערִימוּ סוֹד || ( עַל
) על.
reflex. reflexive.
עצת־רָע, || ;) אָוֶןc. הָב֫וּgive counsel Ju 20:7 2 S 16:29 ; ע׳ ֵחבִיא Is 16:3 ; עשׂה
ע׳30:1 ; ְשׁי
ִ אָשׁית עֵצוֹת ְבּנַפ ִ ψ 13:3 ; = design, purpose Ezr 4:5 Ne 4:9 1 Ch
12:20 (Baer), ψ 14:6 ; 20:5 Je 18:23 ( sq. עַל = against ), 49:30 ( || ָה
ֲשׁב
ָ ;) ַמח
ֲעצַת־גּוֹיִם ψ 33:10 ; suitable counsel for war ( = generalship) 2 K 18:20 = Is
36:5 ( cf. Pr 20:18 infr. ); also שׁלוֹם
ָ ֲעצַת Zc 6:13 counsel of peace; practical
wisdom, sagacity Is 19:3 , cf. v 11 , Je 19:7 Dt 32:28 ( || ְבוּנָה ) תּHo 10:6 .
Especially in WisdLt and proph.; counsel = good counsel, wisdom Jb 38:2 ; 42:3
Pr 12:5 ; 20:5 (its seat אישׁ
ִ תּוּשׁיָּה || ) ְבּלֶב־
ִ Pr 8:14 Is 28:29 (of ָח ְכמָה || ;) י׳Je
49:7 ; || ָה
ָח ְכמand תְּבוּנָהJb 12:13 Pr 21:30 ; || מוּסָר19:20 ; || ַתּ ְחבֻּלוֹת20:18 (
cf. Is 36:5 supr. ); ִים
נִ ְפ ָתּל ע׳Jb 5:13 ; רוּ ַח ע׳ וּגְבוּרָהIs 11:2 ( || ר׳ ָח ְכמָה
;) וּבִינָהhearty counsel ע׳ נֶפֶשׁPr 27:9 ; counsel of wisdom , when wisdom is
personif. Pr 1:25 , 30 ( || ַת ;) תּוֹ ַכחin bad sense ע׳ רשׁעיםJb 10:3 ; 21:16 ; 22:18
ψ 1:1 , cf. Jb 18:7 ψ 106:43 Is 29:15 ; of plan of ע׳ י׳ ; י׳ψ 33:11 Pr 19:21 Is
19:17 ; 14:26 ( ָה ) הע׳ ַהיְּעוּצ, 25:1 ; 46:10 , 11 ; ע׳ קדושׁ ישׂראל5:19 ; also Mi
4:12 Je 32:19 ( ָה ) גְּדֹל ָה ֵעצ, 49:20 ; 50:45 ψ 106:13 ; ע׳ ֶעלְיוֹןψ 107:11 ;
instruction, guiding wisdom of י׳ψ 73:24 ; ָתוֹ אִישׁ־ ֲעצi.e. counsellor of י׳Is 40:13 ;
in fig. ִי ְשׁי ֲע ָצת
ֵ אַנψ 119:24 = my counsellors , said of testimonies of God; =
prophecy , ע׳ מלאכיוIs 44:26 ( || ְדּוֹ תֹּאבַד ע׳ ִמוְּ ִקנִים ;) ְדּבַר ַעבEz 7:26 ( cf. 1
K 12:8 ; || ָזוֹן ח, ) תּוֹרָה, ֵמ ָחכָםJe 18:18 ( || ָדּבָר, ) תּוֹרָה.
† [ ָה
] מו ֵעצn. f. counsel, plan, principle, devisce ;— pl. abs. מֹעֵצוֹתPr 22:20
( || ַת
) ַדּעin good sense; in bad sense מוֹעֵצוֹתJe 7:24 ( || ;) ָהרָע ְשׁרִרוּת ִלבָּם
מֹעֲצוֹתֵיהֶםHo 11:6 ψ 5:11 ; מוֹעֲצוֹתֵיהֶםψ 81:13 ; מֹעֲצֹתֵיהֶםPr 1:31 ;
מֹעֲצוֹתָםMi 6:16 .
I. יערS 3293
TWOT 888 , 889
( √ of foll.; Arabic is be rugged , of mountain,
GK 3623
֫יַעS
† I. ַר 3264 , 3293
TWOT 888 , 888a , 889a
GK 3623 , 3624 , 3625
n. m. 2 S 18:8 wood,
forest, thicket ( MI 21
pl. ( היערן = n.pr.loc. ?); Ph. יערand יר, cf. DHM in
MV (10) 983
; Aramaic ָא
יֲַער, wood, thicket; Assyrian âru Dl HWB 230
, cf. Jäger BAS
i, 476
) — abs. ֫יַעַרIs 7:2 + ; ֑יָעַרMi 3:12 + ; c. הloc. יֲַערָהJos 17:15 ; cstr.
֫יַעַר2 S 18:6 ; יְַערָהּJe 46:23 , etc.; pl. יְָערִיםEzr 2:25 + 4 times (incl. Ez 34:25
Qr , so Co ); ָרוֹת יְעψ 29:9 ;— a. wood, forest, wooded height , with trees to be
felled Jos 17:15 ( c. עלהgo up to ), v 18 ( J ), Dt 19:5 (not elsewhere Hex ); ֵץ ע
ִמיַּעַר ִכּרָתוֹJe 10:3 as wood out of a forest he hath cut it; יחטבר מן־היעריםEz
39:10 ( עצים מן־השׂדהin || cl.); as producing trees ִים יער צוֹ ֵמ ַה ֵעצEc 2:6 ; in
designation of Solomon’s palace ָנוֹן בֵּית יַעַר ַה ְלּב1 K 7:2 (on structure of this
house v. Sta Salomos Bauten, ZAW 1883, 150
), 10:17 , 21 = 2 Ch 9:16 , 20 ; cf. ֵית בּ
ַהיָּ֑עַרIs 22:8 ; fig. of foes to be cut down and destroyed היער נִקַּף ִס ְבכֵיIs 10:34 ;
כָּֽרְתוּ יְַערָהּJe 46:23 ; so Is 32:19 and יער ַה ָבּצִו֯רZc 11:2 (read Kt ַהבָּצוּר
inaccessible forest ). b. as hiding-place for fugitive 1 S 22:5 ; lurking-place of wild
beasts Am 3:4 Mi 5:7 2 K 2:24 Je 5:6 ; 12:8 Is 56:9 ψ 50:10 ; 80:14 ; 104:20
, cf. Ez 34:25 (read Qr , v. supr. ) c. stripped by voice of י׳ψ 29:9 ; devoured by
fire Is 9:17 ( ַיּ׳
ה ; ִס ְבכֵיfig. of the people); so in metaph. or sim. of ’ י׳s
judgements Is 10:18 ( ְרוֹ כְּבוֹד יַע, fig. of Assyrian), Je 21:14 Ez 21:2 , 3 ( v.
infr. ) ψ 83:15 . d. opp. ֶל ( ַכּ ְרמ6) Is 29:17 ; 32:15 ; but also יַעַר ַכּ ְרמִלּוֹhis
garden woodland 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24 , and ֶל יַעַר בְּתוֹ ְך ַכּ ְרמMi 7:14 (secluded
and fertile abode for flock, fig. of people, v. Che ; Hi - St thinks of sacred grove
). e. = thicket , especially as symbol of desolation Ho 2:14 ; ָמוֹת יערבּ6
(overgrown with bushes and trees) Mi 3:12 = Je 26:18 ; also ַב ַבּיַּעַר ַבּ ְערIs 21:13
in the thicket (or bushes , so VB ) in Arabia must ye lodge, caravans of Dedanites. f.
ֲעצֵי (ה)יערtrees of the forest Is 7:2 (in sim. ), 10:19 ( יַעְרוֹ ְשׁאָר עֵץ, fig. ),
44:14 Ez 15:2 , also v 6 ( היער ) עֵץ, Ct 2:3 (in sim. ); fig. , as singing before י׳
ψ 96:12 = 1 Ch 16:33 , Is 44:23 ( ֵץ בּוֹ ) יער וְכָל־ע. g. particular forests are: יער
אפרים2 S 18:6 , see ֶא ְפ ַריִםp. 68 supr. ; cf. v 8 , 17 ( v. also Jos 17:15 , 18
); ֶת יַעַר ָ ֑חר1 S 22:5 ( v. supr. ); ( יַעַר ְלבָנוֹןv. supr. ); ַשּׂדֲה נֶגֶב
ָ יַעַר הand יַעַר
ַהנָּגֶבEz 21:2 , 3 ( v. supr. ) fig. of Judah (land and people); v. also יְָערִיםinfr.
— ַר ְשׂדֵי־יָ֑עψ 132:6 is a n.pr.loc. (but Bae thinks appellat. ‘auf waldigem
Gefilde’), v. ִים ִק ְריַת יְָער. On 1 S 14:25 , 26 , v. II. יער.— יעוריםEz 34:25
Kt , read ִים יְָערQr , v. supr.
St H. Steiner.
II. יערS 3293
TWOT ( √ of following; meaning dubious; MV
888 , 889
GK 3623
identif. with I, from roughness and porousness (?) of honeycomb, cf. Buhl )
† I. [ ָה
יְַערS 3294
GK 3628
] n. f. honeycomb , only cstr. ַה ְדּבָשׁ יְַערַת 1S
14:27 ( v. ii. ) יער.— ָרוֹת
יְעv. i. יַעַר.
ֶשׁיָה
ְ יֲַערS 3298 GK 3631
v. sub ערשׁ.
ֲשׂי
ַ יַע, יעשׂו, ֲשׂיאֵל
ִ יַעS 3300 GK 3634
v. עשׂה.
Sta § 156 R Now ( Kö i 583 f. defence is artificial): thou art more beautiful than , etc.
Hithp. Impf. 2 fs. ִי
ִתּ ְתיַפּbeautify thyself Je 4:30 .
a
Gr Gie ; reduplicated, with the force of a diminutive, Sta § 156
; cf. ֲא ַד ְמדָּם,
) יְ ַר ְקרַק, adj. f. pretty , ריִם
ַ ִמ ְצ ֶעְגלָה יְפֵה־ ִפיָּה Je 46:20 Egypt is a pretty heifer (
κεκαλλωπιαμένη ).
[ יָפַחS 3306
TWOT 891
GK 3640
] vb. breathe, puff ( by-form of ח
ַ פּוּ, q.v. ; see
Ba NB 189
; cf. Talm יפחbreath ) —only Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. ִתּ ְתיֵַפּ ַח Je 4:31 she
gaspeth for breath .
†[ח
ַ יֵָפS 3307
TWOT 891a
GK 3641
] adj. breathing of puffing out , cstr. וִי ֵפ ַח
ָחמָס ψ 27:12 puffing out violence ( cf. Che ).
†[ יָפַעS 3313
TWOT 892
GK 3649
] vb. only Hiph. shine out or forth, send out
beams, cause to shine ( NH id. , in fig. senses; ; יְפַעAssyrian Shaph. šûpu ,
shine, cause to shine, glorify , Lotz TP Col. vii 93 Zim BP 97, 105 SAS Asrb. ii. 18 ; cf. Arabic
aedificium elatum ; kindred seem to be ascendit montem, adultus fuit ; Sab. יפעraise,
Bez C. Bezold.
Ba J. Barth, Nominalbildung .
TP Tiglath-Pileser.
Zim H.Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen .
heighten Os ZMG 1865, 210 f.
, יפעname of a temple DHM ZMG 1883, 350
) — Hiph. Pf.
הוֹפִי ַע Dt 33:2 ψ 50:2 ; ע
ַ וְהוֹפִיconsec. Jb 37:15 ; 2 ms. הוֹ ָפ֑ ְע ָתּ 10:3 ; Impf. 3 fs.
תּוֹפַע וַתּ֫וֹפ10:22 ; Imv.
3:4 ; ַע הוֹפִי ַע הוֹ ִפ֫יע80:2 ;— 1. shine out, forth,
ψ 94:1 ; ָה
display beams: of י׳Dt 33:2 ψ 50:2 ; 80:2 ; 94:1 Jb 10:3 ( sq. ;) עַלsubj. נְ ָהרָהlight
Jb 3:4 ; 10:22 ( וַתֹּפַע כְּמוֹ אֹפֶלof She’ôl). 2. cause to shine וְהוֹפִי ַע אוֹר ֲענָנוֹJb
37:15 , subj. י׳.
† [ ָה יְִפעS 3314 TWOT 892a GK 3650 ] n. f. brightness, splendour , יְִפ ָע ֶת֑ ָךEz
28:7 , 17 of prince and king of Tyre.
† מֵי ַפ֫עַה n.pr.loc. ( מיפע, מיפעתDHM ZMG 1876, 679; 1883, 362 )
Sab. n.pr.loc.
— 1 Ch 6:64 ֵמ ָפ֑לJos 13:18 ; מֵו֯ ַ ֑פעַתJe 48:21
Levitical city in Reuben; in Reuben ַת
in Moab.
יָצָאS 3318
TWOT 893
GK 3448 , 3655
1068 vb. go or come out ( NH id. ; Aramaic
; יְעָאEthiopic Assyrian âṣû Dl HWB 237 , all = go out, forth; Syriac go forth (in sense of
germinate ), grow; Ph. יצאmarch out; cf. SI 5 המוצאthe source (of water); Sab.
וצֿאgo out , DHM in MV ; Arabic is be or become fair, beautiful, neat, clean , cf. Nö
ZMG 1886, 725
) — Qal Pf. יָצָאGn 10:11 + 92 times; 3 fs. יָצְֽאָהNu 16:35 + 13 times;
יָָע֑אָהIs 28:29 ; 2 ms. יָ ָצ֑א ָתGn 24:5 + 7 times; 2 fs. וְיָצָאתJe 31:4 ; 2 mpl.
יְצָאתֶםEx 13:3 Dt 11:10 ; וִיצָאתֶםJu 21:21 Mal 3:20 ; 3 pl. sf. יְ ָצ ֻאנִיJe 10:20 ,
Os E. Osiander.
etc.; Impf. יֵצֵאGn 15:4 + 64 times; וַיֵּצֵא4:16 + 132 times; 3 fs. ֵתּצֵאEx 21:7 + 22
times; ֵא וַ ֵתּצGn 30:16 + 14 times; 2 ms. ֵתּצֵאDt 20:1 + 16 times; 3 pl. יֵצְאוּGn
15:14 + ; צ֑אוּ ֵ ֵ י17:6 + ; 3 fpl. וַ ֵתּ ֶצ֫אנָה1 S 18:6 2 K 2:24 ; ָ וַ ֵתּצֶאןEx 15:20 ; 2 fpl.
ֵתּ ֶצ֫אנָהAm 4:3 etc.; Imv. צֵאGn 8:16 + 15 times; וָ ֵצ֑אָהJu 9:29 ; fs. ְצאִיCt 1:8 ;
mpl. ְאוּ צGn 19:14 + 11 times; ֵ ֑צאוּIs 49:9 Ez 9:7 + Je 58:8 Qr ( Kt ְצאֶינָה ) יֵ ֵצ֑אוּ
Ct 3:11 ; Inf. abs. יָצוֹאGn 8:7 + 2 times; ֹ יָצא27:30 + 3 times; Inf. cstr. ֵאת צ
24:11 + 31 times; sf. ִי צֵאתEx 9:29 + 3 times; צֵאתֵנוּJo 9:12 ; צֵא ְת ָךDt 16:3 + 10
times, etc.; Pt. ֵא ) יוֹצֵא ( יֹצGn 2:10 + 62 times; fs. ֶשׁיֹּצָאEc 10:5 ; ) יו׳ ( יֹצֵאת
Gn 24:15 + 11 times; ֵת יֹצDt 28:57 , etc.;— 1. go or come out or forth: a. from ( ) מִןa
place, e.g. a tent Gn 31:33 ( E ; opp. ב ְ ) בּוֹא, ִמ ֶפּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵדLv 8:33 ; 10:7 ( P ),
cf. קדָּשׁ ְ מִז־ ַה ִמּ21:12 ( H ); from a house 2 S 11:8 , the doors ( ) דלתיof a house Jos
2:19 (JE), Ju 11:31 ; ַח ביתו ִמ ֶפּתEx 12:22 (JE), from a camp 1 S 13:17 2 K 7:12 , a
city Gn 19:14 ( J ), 12:4 ( P ), 1 K 11:29 ; 20:17 Mi 4:10 a cave 1 S 24:9 , the ark
Gn 9:18 ( J ), 8:16 , 19 (both P ); out of vineyards Ju 21:21 ; sq. acc. ִיר
אֶת־ ָהעGn
44:4 ( E ), Ex 9:29 ( J ); c. ְבּalso, of gate Je 17:19 Ne 2:13 ; sq. acc. local. לֹא
ֵאצֵא ָפ֑תֶחJb 31:34 ; pt. cstr. ָה יֹ ְצאֵי ַה ֵתּבGn 9:10 ( P ), יֹ ְצאֵי ַשׁעַר עִירוֹ34:24 (
P ); abs. Jos 2:5 (JE), Ju 3:24 Ex 34:34 ( P ), Nu 33:3 ( P Israel going out [from
Egypt]), 2 Ch 26:20 + ; specif., of going out ( ִן ) מfrom a land (of emigration) Gn 10:11
, 14 ; 24:5 (all J ); partic. of coming forth from (the land of) Egypt (the Exodus) Ex
12:41 ( J ), 13:3 , 8 ; 23:15 ; 34:18 (JE), Nu 1:1 ( P ) 11:20 ; 22:5 (JE), and
especially D , Dt 4:45 , 46 ; 9:7 ; 11:10 ; 16:3 ( ×2 ) , 6 ; 23:5 ; 24:9 ; 25:17 Jos
2:10 ; 5:4 , 5 , 6 (all D ), Nu 33:1 ( P ), 1 K 6:1 ; 8:9 = 2 Ch 5:10 , 2 K 21:15 Je
7:25 Hg 2:5 ψ 114:1 . b. go forth form (the presence of) a person: Ex 8:26 ; 9:23 ;
10:6 (all sq. ִם ) ֵמע, Gn 44:28 Ex 5:20 Jer 2:37 ( ) ֵמאֵת, Ju 3:19 ( ;) ֵמ ָעלָיוsq.
ִמ ִלּ ְפנֵיGn 4:16 ( J ), 41:46 ; 47:10 Est 8:15 Ec 10:5 ; sq. ֵמעִם ְפּנֵיJb 1:12 , ֵמאֵת
ְפּנֵי2:7 ; sq. sf. יְ ָצ ֻאנֵיJe 10:20 ( v. De Ec 7:18 ). c. in technical senses: abs. go
forth , of emancipation Ex 21:2 , 3 ( ×2 ) , 4 , 5 , 7 ( ×3 ) , 11 (all JE), cf. ַת יצא ִמ ַתּח
יַד־ ֲארָם2 K 13:5 ; of release in the year of jubilee, land, etc. Lv 25:28 , 30 , 31 , 33
(all H ), 27:21 ( P ); also of a debtor-slave 25:54 ( H ) of divorce ֵיתוֹ וְיָצְֽאָה ִמבּDt
24:2 ; of condemnation ָשׁע ָ ִשּׁׁפְטוֹ יֵצֵא ר
ָ ְכּהψ 109:7 when he is judged let him go out
as a criminal , i.e. be condemned; of bowels ( ִים ) ֵמעfalling out by reason of disease 2
Ch 21:15 , 19 . d. of flight, involving escape: sq. ָה הַחוּ֫צ, || נוּס, flee Gn 39:12 , 15 (
J ), ֵא כִּי נָצֹא ֵתצJe 48:9 ; opp. taken (by lot) 1 S 14:41 ; לֹא־יוּכְלוּ ָלצֵאת ִמ ֶמּ֑נָּה
ֲשׁר ֶ ָרעָה אJe 11:11 calamity from which they shall not be able to escape; perhaps also
אֱלֹהִים יֵצֵא אֶת־ ֻכּ֗לָּם יְרֵאEc 7:18 he that feareth God shall escape (or be freed from ,
v. De Hi - Now Mishn. ) all of them (see VB ),—on acc. with יצאv. De . e.
depart ְשׁהּ
ָ נַפ ְבּצֵאתGn 35:18 i.e. when she was expiring; so ֵתּצֵא רוּחוֹψ 146:4 ;
ְבּצֵאת ַהיַּיִן ִמנָּבָל1 S 25:37 i.e. when Nabal became sober; also fig. וַיֵּצֵא ִלבָּםGn
42:28 ( E ) i.e. their heart failed ( || ְדוּ ;) וַיֶּ ֶחרrust from ( ) מִןcaldron Ez 24:16 ( v. Co
Ez 12:5 ); of glory of י׳10:18 ; ֵא מִן בַּת־צִיּוֹן כָּל־ ֲה ָדרָהּ וַיֵּצLa 1:6 ; hence inf. =
exit, end ַשּׁנָה ָ ְבּצֵאת הEx 23:16 (JE), and, redundantly, צֵאת ֵהקֵּץ ְליָמִים ְשׁנַיִם ְכּעֵת2
Ch 21:19 i.e. at the end of two years . f. of inanimate things: river out of Eden Gn 2:10 (
J ), water out of rock Ex 17:6 ( E ), Nu 20:11 (JE), from Leḥi Ju 15:19 ; of molten calf
out of fire Ex 32:24 ( E ); of gold (after refining) Jb 23:10 ( abs. , in sim. ); in
prophecy of fountain from house of י׳Ez 47:1 , 8 , 12 Zc 14:8 Jo 4:18 ; of seed
(semen virile) from man Lv 15:16 , 32 ( P ), 22:4 ( H ); of weapon which has pierced
body 2 S 2:23 ( ָיו ) מֵאַ ֲחר, 2 K 9:24 ( ) ִמלִּבּוֹ, Jb 20:25 ( ַשׂאַת ;) ִמֵגּוָה
ְ וַ ֵתּצֵא אַ ֲחרָיו מ
ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְך
2 S 11:8 and there went out ( = was sent out) after him the king’s portion (i.e.
the food given by the king); idiomatically of expenditure of money 2 K 12:13 ( abs. , cf.
Hiph. v 12 ); of swift movement of arrow from bow Zc 9:14 (like lightning), of
lightning out of fire Ez 1:13 ; abs. of sunrise (subj. ֶשׁ ) ֶשׁמJu 5:31 (in sim. ), Gn
19:23 , cf. Is 13:10 (so Assyrian, e.g. ultu ṣît šanši adi êrib šanši COT Gn 19:23 ); of
rising of stars ( ִים
) כּוֹ ָכבNe 4:15 ; of sentence of judge Hb 1:4 ( ×2 ) ψ 17:2 ; of
judgment, or right appearing (with sim. of light) Hos 6:5 (read ֵא
כָאוֹר יֵצ ִשׁ ָפּטִי
ְ ) וּמ,
Is 62:1 ; of a lot ֵף
יוֹס וַיֵּצֵא הַגּוֹרָל ִל ְבנֵי Jos 16:1 (JE), and especially P , Nu 33:54
Jos 19:1 , 17 , 24 , 32 , 40 ; 21:4 , cf. also ָם
גּוֹ ָרל ויצא גְּבוּל 18:11 ( P ). g. with
especial emphasis on idea of origin, source: hyssop out of the wall 1 K 5:13 ; מיהוה יצא
הדברGn 24:50 ( J ) from י׳has the thing proceeded , of a providential arragnement, so
ֵמעִם י׳Is 28:29 ; ֶשׁעַ ְשׁעִים יֵצֵא ר ָ ֵמר1 S 24:14 (an ancient proverb); of pollution
proceeding from ( ֵת ) ֵמאprophets Je 23:15 ; of fire from Heshbon Nu 21:28 (JE) Je
48:45 , cf. Ju 9:15 , 20 ( ×2 ) ; of fire פנֵי י׳ ְ ִמ ִלּLv 9:24 ; 10:2 , ֵמאֵת י׳Nu 16:35 (all
P ); in theophany רגְליו ַ ֶשׁף ְלֶ יצא רHb 3:5 ; iniquity from unreceptive heart ψ 73:7 ( v.
i. ֶב
ֵחל1); wrath מִלֹּ ְפנֵי י׳Nu 17:11 ( P ); abs. Je 4:4 = 21:12 , 23:19 = 30:23 ;
so salvation Is 51:5 ; ךּ ָ ִשׁמַת־מִי יָצְֽאָה ִמ ֶמּ
ְ וְנJb 26:4 ; of words going forth from mouth
of speker (of solemn or formal speech) ֵא ִמפִּיכֶם ָדּבָר לֹא יֵצJos 6:10 (JE), Ju 11:36
1 S 2:3 Je 44:17 Jb 37:2 Est 7:8 , also Nu 30:3 ; 32:24 (both P ); of ’ י׳s words
going forth from his mouth, or from him Is 45:23 ; 48:3 ; 51:4 ; 55:11 Ez 33:30 ; of י׳
’s words, instruction, command, etc., going forth Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 (from Jerusalem),
Dn 9:23 ; of human commandment Est 1:19 , cf. v 17 . h. of children as going forth
from loins (of father) ִים
ִמ ֵמּע2 S 7:12 ; 16:11 ; ֵמ ֲח ָלצִיםGn 35:11 ( P ), 1 K 8:19 =
Mishn. Mishna.
2 Ch 6:9 ; sq. מִןalone 2 K 20:18 = Is 39:7 ; also ֵכוֹ
יֹ ְצאֵי יְרJu 8:30 Gn 46:26 Ex
1:5 (both P ); also of birth ֶם
) אִמּוֹ ( ֵמ ֶרחNu 12:12 (JE), Je 1:5 ; 20:18 Jb 3:11 ; fig.
of sea 38:8 , of ice v 29 ; ִמּוֹ
א ִמ ֶבּטֶן Jb 1:21 Ec 5:14 ; lit., source not expr., Gn 25:25
, 26 ; 38:28 , 29 , 30 (all J ); of untimely birth Ex 21:22 (JE); cf. היּוֹ ֵצ֯ת ִמבֵּין
ַרְגלֶי ָה Dt 28:57 ( || ֵד
;) ֵתּלof family or race connexion ( sq. ) מִן Na 1:11 Is 48:1 1
Ch 1:12 ; 2:53 ; יצאalso of produce of vine ( ֶן
) נִגֶּפJu 13:14 , cf. ַשּׂדֶה
ָ הַיֹּצֵא ה Dt
14:22 (read יצאSam. , v. Di ); ֶם ֶארֶץ ִמ ֶמּנָּה יצא ֶלחJb 28:5 ; of viper proceeding
from serpent’s root Is 14:29 ; further, with idea of unfolding, growth Jb 8:16 ; 14:2 ;
31:40 ; ִשׁ֑י
ָ וְיָצָא חֹטֶר ִמגֶּזַע יIs 11:1 ; of the little horn Dn 8:9 ; so of branches of
candlestick in tabernacle Ex 25:32 , 33 , 35 ; 37:18 , 19 , 21 (all P ); then simply
project (tower from wall) Ne 3:25 , 26 , 27 ; of measuring-line going forth ( abs. ) in a
particular direction Je 31:39 ; of a boundary(-line) going out ( abs. ) so as then to turn
and make an angle Nu 34:4 , 9 Jos 15:3 , 4 , 9 , 11 ( ×2 ) ; 16:2 , 6 , 7 ; 18:15 ( ×2 ) ,
17 ( ×2 ) ; 19:12 , 13 , 27 , 34 , 47 . 2. a. go forth to a place Gn 27:3 ( J ), Je 14:18 Ez
3:22 Zc 6:6 ( ×2 ) , 7 + ; so דֹנָה ֫ ְשְׁ וַיֵּצֵא ַה ַפּרJu 3:22 (see VB ); go forth in surrender
1 S 11:3 ( sq. אֶל pers. ), 2 K 18:31 = Is 36:16 , Je 38:17 , 21 ; יוֹצֵאת אֵין ֶפּרֶץ
וְאֵין ψ 144:14 ; into captivity ֶם
ִא ְתּכ
בַּגּוֹלָה לֹא יָֽצְאוּJe 29:16 , cf. 48:7 Zc 14:2 ;
to work Ru 2:22 also הזֶּהַ יָצָא מִן־ ַהמָּקוֹםJe 22:11 , cf. ָבּנַי יְ ָצ ֻאנִי10:20 . b. proceed
ָרעָה יָ ָצ֑אוּ ֵמ ָרעָה אJe 9:2 from evil to evil they go on;
to or toward something, fig. , ֶל־
in like manner 2 S 20:8 si vera l. , but read rather ְֽאָה וְהִיא יָצand it (i.e. the sword)
came out (of the sheath) and fell We Dr Kit Bu . c. come or go forth , with
especially ref. to purpose or result: ִיו
אַ ֲחרָיו וְ ִה ִכּת וְיָצָאתִי 1 S 17:35 , cf. 24:15 ;
ְל ַבקֵּשׁ נַפְשׁוֹ יָצָא ָשׁאוּל
23:15 , cf. 26:20 , further 2 S 2:13 ; 18:4 1 K 20:18 ( ×2 ) ,
19 , 39 2 K 5:2 Mi 1:11 Je 37:5 Zc 14:3 Dn 11:11 , 44 + ; of an adulteress Pr
7:15 ; of an angel Nu 22:32 (JE), Dn 9:22 ; for ֶם יֵצֵא … ִא ְתּכ1 S 22:3 ( let my father
etc. go forth [to be] with you , cf. Klo ) read perhaps ֵשׁבוּ
ְ יas S B Kit , v. also Dr ;
of army marching out to form battle line ָה
אֶל־ ַה ַמּ ֲע ָרכ יֹצֵא 1 S 17:20 ( c. art., MT , <
om. We Dr Kit Bu ); ְֽאוּ
ֲשׁר יָצ
ֶא ְבּכֹל Ju 2:15 in all to which they went forth , יָצָא
לפני 1 S 8:20 of king going out at the head of his soldiers; so of י׳before his people Ju
4:14 2 S 5:24 ψ 68:8 , cf. 108:12 1 Ch 14:15 ; of י׳going out from Seir Ju 5:14 , cf.
Hb 3:13 ; of the hand of י׳, in hostility ִי יַד־י׳
ב
יָֽצְאָהRu 1:13 ; abs. of fire breaking
out Ex 22:5 (JE). 3. of combinations, note especially: ( יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹבinf. abs. ) Gn 8:7
going out and returning , nearly = to and fro; ֵא יָצוֹא
וּ ְמ ַקלֵּל אִישׁ יוֹצֵא … יֹצ2 S 16:5
= coming forth, cursing as he came; יצא ובא, lit. ֵין נָּא
אֵין יוֹצֵא וְאJos 6:1 none
went out and none came in , i.e. there was no free egress or ingress (of besieged city), cf.
1 K 15:17 = 2 Ch 16:1 , 2 Ch 15:5 ; to go out and come in before, of leader in war Nu
27:17 1 S 18:16 , cf. 29:6 ; fig. Dt 28:6 blesssed shalt thou be ובצאתך בבואך, i.e.
when thou completest and beginnest any undertaking, so v 19 ; 31:2 לא אוכל לצאת
ולבוא, i.e. I can no more engage in active undertakings; similarly Jos 14:11 1 K 3:7
Is 37:28 ( + ךָ = ) ִשׁ ְב ְתּ2 K 19:27 , ψ 121:8 .
Kmp A. Kamphausen.
bring into being: of magicians trying to produce lice Ex 8:14 ( P ); a smith producing
weapon Is 54:16 ; see the threefold הוציאPr 30:33 ( ×3 ) ; of י׳causing ֶם
ֶלחto proceed
out of ( ִן
) מearth ψ 104:14 ; elsewhere of earth as producing Gn 1:12 , 24 (both P ),
Is 61:11 Hg 1:11 ; of Aaron’s rod bringing forth blossoms Nu 17:23 ( P ). k. bring
forth words (out of mouth, etc.), i.e. speak Jb 8:10 ; 15:13 Pr 10:18 ; 29:11 Ne 6:19
Is 48:20 ( || הגיד, ;) השׁמיעabs. Ec 5:1 ; of publishing a report ר֑ע
ָ הו׳ ָעלֶי ָה ֵשׁםDt
22:14 ( || ָתּ
ל ) ֲעלִילֹת ְדּ ָברִים ָשׂם, cf. v 19 ; ( הו׳ ִדּבַּת הָאָרֶץ ) ָרעָהNu 13:32 ;
14:37 ; so 14:36 ( ֶץ
) ִדּבָּה עַל־הָאָר. 5. fig. , subj. י׳, bring forth from ( ) מִןBel’s
mouth what he has swallowed Je 5:44 ; wind, out of treasuries 10:13 ; 51:16 ψ 135:7 ;
fire, out of Tyre Ez 28:18 ; curse, over the land Zc 5:4 ; of Jeremiah, ִיא
מִוּוֹלֵל אִם תּוֹצ
יָקָר Je 15:19 if thou bring forth the precious from ( Gie without ) the base , i.e if thou
free that which is pure in thee from base admixture ( Gf ; Gie if thou produce the noble
without the base ); bring forth, i.e. exhibit , righteousness (innocence Che ) ψ 37:6 Je
51:10 ( cf. Qal 1 f end); מוֶתָ וַיֹּצֵא לָאוֹר ַצ ְלJb 12:22 , cf. Mi 7:9 ; subj. servant of י׳,
of publishing ָט
ִשׁפּ
ְ ( מi.e. religion) to the world Is 42:1 , 3 .
† Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הוּ ָצ֑אָה Ez 38:8 ( del. Co ); Pt. fs. מוּצֵאת Gn 38:25 ; m.
pl. ִים
מוּ ָצאEz 14:22 ; 47:8 (but v. infr. ); f.pl. מוּצָאוֹתJe 38:22 ;— be brought
forth Gn 38:25 ( J ; of Tamar); of women as captives Je 38:22 ; remnant out of
Jerusalem Ez 14:22 MT (but read Hiph., v. supr. ); exiles, from among the peoples
38:8 (om. S Co ); of waters, ִים צֶל־ ַהיָּ֫מָּה הַמּוּ ָצאEz 47:8 which are caused to flow
into the sea (but S Co אֶל־ ַה ַמּיִם ַהחֲמוּצִיםinto the sour ( bitter, salt ) waters , see
Field VB ).
† [ ִיא
יָצS 3329
TWOT 893a
GK 3665
] adj. coming forth ; only c. מִןand sf. ,
ומיציאו ֵמעָיו 2 Ch 32:21 Kt ( ֵי
וּמִיצִיאQr ), and some of those who came forth
from his loins ( בניוin || Is 37:38 ).
† [ ָא
] ֶצ ֱאצn. m. Jb 27:14 only pl. , issue, off-spring, produce ( Nö ZMG 1886,
725
comps. origin, root, stock ) — 1. offspring of men, abs. ַה ֶצּ ֱא ָצאִים וְ ַה ְצּפִעוֹתIs
22:24 ; elsewhere only Is 2 , 3 and Job: cstr. ך ָ ֶצ ֱא ָצאֵי ֵמעֶיIs 48:19 ( || ;) זַ ְר ֲע ָך
sf. ָאַי ֶצ ֱאצJb 31:8 , ֶצ ֱא ָצאֶי ָך5:25 ( || ) זַ ְר ֲע ָך, Is 44:3 ( || id. ); ֶצ ֱאצָאָיוJb 27:14 (
|| בּנָיו
ָ ); ֶצ ֱא ָצאֵיהֶם21:8 ( || ) זַ ְרעֶם, Is 61:9 ( || id. ), 65:23 . 2. produce of earth,
sf. ה ָ ֵתּבֵל וְכָל־ ֶצ ֱא ָצ ֶא֑יIs 34:1 ; הָאָרֶץ וְץ׳42:5 .
† I. ָא
מוֹצS 4161 , 4162
TWOT 893c
GK 4604 , 4605
n. m. Ho 6:3 place or act of
going forth, issue, export, source, spring ;— abs. ם׳ Jb 28:1 ψ 75:7 ; cstr. ם׳
Nu 30:13 + 9 times; ָא
מֹצJb 38:27 Dn 9:25 ; sf. מוֹ ָצ ֲא ָך 2 S 3:25 ; ָאוֹ
מֹצHo
6:3 ; ָאוֹ
מוֹצψ 19:7 ; pl. cstr. מוֹ ָצאֵיIs 41:18 + 5 times; sf. מוֹצָאָיוEz 43:11 ;
מוֹ ָצאֵיהֶםNu 33:2 ; ֶן
מוֹ ָצאֵיהEz 42:11 ;— 1. a going forth: a. the act, of י׳Ho
( ×2 )
6:3 ; of the sun = rising ψ 19:7 ( v. יצא1 f ); of a man 2 S 3:25 ( opp. ָבוֹא מKt
); ָר
ם׳ ָדּבDn 9:25 going forth of a command . b. concrete, מוֹ ָצאֵוּ גּוֹלָהEz 12:4
goings forth of exile, i.e. those going forth into exile (in sim. ). c. way out, exit:
concrete, of chambers in temple Ez 42:11 ; 43:11 ( opp. ָאָיו מוֹ ָצאֵי ַה ִמּ ְקדָּשׁ ;) מוֹב
Ez 44:5 ( opp. ) מְבוֹא ַה ַבּיִת. 2. that which goes forth: a. utterance of mouth or lips
(especially of solemn or formal speech), ִי־י׳ מוֹצָא פDt 8:3 ; ְשׂ ָפתַי ם׳Je 17:16 ψ
89:35 ; so Dt 23:24 Nu 30:13 ( P ). b. export of horses 1 K 10:28 = 2 Ch 1:16 .
3. place of going forth: a. source or spring of water 2 K 2:21 Is 58:11 (in sim. ), ψ
107:33 ( || ָרוֹת ) נְהv 35 ( || = ) ֲאגַם־מיםIs 41:18 ( || id. ); מוֹצָא מֵימֵי גִיחוֹן
ָה ֶעלְיוֹן2 Ch 32:30 . b. place of departure of Israel on march Nu 33:2 ( ×2 ) ( P ). c.
= מוֹצָאeast (place of sun’s going forth) ψ 75:7 ( opp. ;) ַמ ֲערָבzeugmatically,
65:9 ֶב מוֹ ָצאֵי בֹּקֶר וָ ֶערi.e. the east and the west ( cf. the two Orients , Qor
43:37). d. place whence silver comes = mine Jb 28:1 ; ח ַ ֶשׁא וּ ְל ַה ְצמִי
ֶ מֹצָא ד38:27
and to cause the 2 (others, the growth ) of young grass to sprout.
† [ ָאָה
מוֹצS 4163
TWOT 893d
GK 4606
] n. f. only pl. : a. Mi 5:1 ( מוֹצָאוֹתָיוof
future ruler out of Bethlehem), his origin . b. 2 K 10:27 Qr מוֹצָאוֹתplaces of going
out to , i.e. a privy ( cf. Arabic ; Germ. Abtritt ), euphemistically for Kt ָאוֹת ַמ ֲחר.
† [ ָאָה
תּוֹצS 8444
TWOT 893e
GK 9362
] n. f. outgoing, extremity, source (?),
escape ; only pl. ; chiefly P and late;— abs. תּוֹצָאוֹתψ 68:21 ; cstr. תּוֹצְאוֹתPr
4:23 + Jos 18:19 Qr ( Kt ְאֹת ;) תוצאותיו תּוֹצNu 34:8 Ez 48:30 ; תֹּצְאוֹתJos
15:4 + 2 times; sf. ָיו
תּוֹצְאֹתNu 34:4 + 3 times; תֹּצְאֹתָויJos 15:7 + 8 times +
16:3 Qr ( Kt ָם ;) תצאתו תּוֹצְאוֹת1 Ch 5:16 ;— 1. outgoing, extremity of border of
territory Jos 16:3 ; 17:18 (both JE), elsewhere P : Nu 34:4 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 12 Jos
15:4 , 7 , 11 ; 16:8 ; 17:9 ; 18:12 , 14 , 19 ; 19:14 , 22 , 29 , 33 ; outskirts of
Qor Qoran.
city Ez 48:30 , cf. 1 Ch 5:16 . 2. היִּים
ַ ת׳ Pr 4:23 (? read ְאוֹת
) מוֹצsources of life .
3. ת׳ ַל ָמּוֶת ψ 68:21 escapes from (lit. for , i.e. in view of ) death .
†[ יָצַבS 3320
TWOT 894
GK 3656
] vb. only Hithp. set or station oneself, take
one’s stand ( יצבPa. & deriv.; Arabic be constant, firm ) — Hithp. Pf. 3 pl.
ִה ְתיַצְּבוּ2 Ch 11:13 ; וְהִת׳consec. Nu 11:16 ; Impf. יִ ְתיַצֵּבDt 7:24 + 6 times;
יִ ְתיַ ָצּ֑בJb 41:2 ; יִ ְתיַ ַצּ֑בPr 22:29 ; וַיִּ ְתיַצֵּב1 S 3:10 + 5 times; 3 fs. וַ ֵתּ ַתצֵּבEx 2:4
(but read ֵב וַ ִתּ ְתיַצּ, cf. Sam Ges § 71 Kö i , 430 ); 2 ms. ִתּ ְתיַצֵּב2 S 18:13 ; וְ ֶא ְתיְַצּבָה
Hb 2:1 ; ְבוּ יִ ְתיַצּψ 2:2 + 2 times; וַיִּ ְתיַצְּבוּEx 19:17 + 4 times; Imv. ִה ְתיַצֵּב8:16 + 5
times; ְבוּ ִה ְתיַצּ1 S 10:19 + 6 times; Inf. cstr. ( ֵמ) ִה ְתיַצֵּב2 S 21:5 + 4 times;—
station oneself, take one’s stand, stand: a. c. phr. of place, Ex 2:4 ( E , c. ָחוֹק ) ֵמר, 2
S 18:13 ( c. מנֶּגֶד ִ ), fig. = stand aloof ( VB Dr ); v 30 ( c. כֹּה, || ;) ָעמַדc. ב
loc. Ex 19:17 Nu 22:22 (both E ), Ju 20:2 Dt 31:14 ( ×2 ) , also (in sense of having a
place or position ) ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ִשׁ ַמדְנוּ ֵמ ִה ְתיַצֵּב ְבּכָל־גְּבֻל י
ְ נ2 S 21:5 ; c. בְּתוֹ ְךpers. 1 S
10:23 , loc. 2 S 23:12 = 1 Ch 11:14 ; c. עַל loc. , at, by Nu 23:3 , 15 (JE), upon
Hb 2:1 ( || ) עמד, ψ 36:5 ( fig. ); c. עַל pers. v. infr. ; c. ָשׁםand ִעם pers. Ex
34:5 (subj. ) י׳, Nu 11:16 (both JE). b. abs. 1 S 3:10 ( י׳subj.); especially of standing
quiet and passive, to see the mighty deliverance of י׳Ex 14:13 ( J ), 1 S 12:7 , 16 2
Ch 20:17 ( || ;) עמדof taking a stand to fight 1 S 17:16 ψ 2:2 ; in military array Je
46:4 ( c. בaccomp.), v 14 ( || ך
ְ ָל ;) ָהכֵןto answer a charge Jb 33:5 ; וְיִ ְתיַצְּבוּ כְמוֹ
לְבוּשׁ38:14 and they (terrestrial things) stand forth (in the light) like a garment . c. c.
ִל ְפנֵיpers. = present oneself before Ex 8:16 ; 9:13 (both J ), Pr 22:29 ( ×2 ) ; ִל ְפנֵי י׳
Jos 24:1 ( E ), 1 S 10:19 ( v. also d ); so as servants or courtiers ( v. על6 c), with
implication of readiness for service, ֲדֹנָי
עַל־אZc 6:5 ; על י׳Jb 1:6 ; 2:1 ( ×2 ) . d. c.
עַלpers. take one’s stand on the side of 2 Ch 11:13 ; c. ל, מִי־יִ ְתיַצֵּב לִי עִםψ 94:16
who will take a stand for me against the workers of iniquity ( || ִם ;) מִי יָקוּם לִי עof
holding one’s ground , maintaining one’s position before ך ( י׳ ָ ) ְלנֶגֶד עֵינֶיψ 5:6 ; so c.
ִל ְפנֵיJos 1:5 ( D ), Dt 9:2 Jb 41:2 ; c. ְבּ ָפנֶי ָךDt 7:24 ; 11:25 ; abs. וְאֵין ִל ְמּ ָך
ְל ִה ְתיַצֵּב2 Ch 20:6 .
†[ יָצַגS 3322
TWOT 895
GK 3657
] vb. Hiph. set, place , a vivid and forcible syn. of
( ָשׂם Kö i 430
Ges ) — Hiph. Pf. sf. ִהצִּיגַ֫נִיJe 51:34 Qr ( Kt ) הציגנו, Jb
§ 71
17:6 ; I s. sf. ִה ַצּגְתִּיוGn 43:9 ; וְ ִה ַצּגְתִּי ָהconsec. Ho 2:5 ; Impf. וַיַּצֵּגGn 30:38 Ju
8:27 ; sf. וַיַּ ִצּגֵם Gn 47:2 ; 2 ms. ַתּצִּיג Ju 7:5 , etc.; Imv. ַה ִצּ֫יגוּ Am 5:15 ; Inf.
cstr. ַהצֵּג Dt 28:56 ( Ges § 53, 3, R. 2
Kö l.c.
); Pt. ַמצִּיג Ju 6:37 ;— set, place , c. acc.
: + בloc. Gn 30:38 ( J ; + עֹאן ) לְנֹכַח, Ju 6:37 ; 8:27 2 S 6:17 ( + ך
ְ ) בְּתוֹ, c.
בְּתוֹ ְךin || 1 Ch 16:1 ; + ֶל
ֵאצ1 S 5:2 ; of setting foot on ( ) עלground Dt 28:56 ; Gn
33:15 ( J ; sq. ) עִם = station with thee some of my retinue; + פנֵי
ְ ִלGn 43:9 ( J ); so
with idea of presenting, introducing to Gn 47:2 ( J ); set (so that all may see) + ל
ְ Jb
17:6 ; sq. 2 acc. ( = set as ) Je 51:34 ; ד֑הּ
ָ ְִֽהוָּל
וְ ִה ַצּגְתִּי ָה כְּיוֹםHo 2:5 and (lest) I set
( = exhibit ) her as in the day when she was born ( || ָה
ְשׁי ֶטנָּה ֲע ֻרמִּ ;) אַפfig. set up,
establish , העיגו בשׁער משׁפטAm 5:15 ( opp. v 7 ) לארץ הניחו. Hoph. Impf. צּ֑ג ָ ֻי
Ex 10:24 ( E ) be stayed, stopped, detained (of herds, etc.)
יִ ְצהָרS 3323 , 3324 TWOT 1883c GK 3658 , 3659 , יִ ְצחָקS 3327 , 3446 TWOT 1905b
GK
3663 , 3773
, ָר
יִ ְצחS 3328 GK 3664 v. sub צהר, צחק, צחר.
†[ יָצַעS 3331
TWOT 896
GK 3667
] vb. Hiph. lay, spread , late ( Ges § 71
;
Aramaic ַע
יְצPa. Aph. id. , also expound , ‘ auslegen ; ’ Arabic is put or lay (down, on a
place, etc.), but = Aramaic — ) עHiph. Impf. יַצִּי ַעIs 58:5 ; אַ ִצּ֫יעָהψ 139:8 ; lay,
spread out , sq. acc. שׂק ואפרIs 58:5 ; שׁאולψ 139:8 if I spread out She ôl (as my
couch). Hoph. Impf. ַע ( יֻצּPu. Pf. De Di al. ) be laid, spread; subj. שׂק ואפרEst
4:3 ; subj. ָה
ִרמּworm, as couch for king of Babylon Is 14:11 .
†[ע
ַ יָצוּS 3326
TWOT 896a
GK 3661 , 3662
] n. [ m. ] couch, bed (poet.);— sf.
יְצוּעִי Gn 49:4 ; pl. cstr. יְצוּעֵי 1 Ch 5:1 ; sf. יְצוּ ָע֑י Jb 17:13 + 2 times ( + 1 K
6:5 , 6 , 10 Kt , v. ;) יָצִי ַעcouch, bed , of wedlock or concubinage, Gn 49:4 ( J ),
hence 1 Ch 5:1 ; in gen. ψ 63:7 , ע֑י ֶ ִר ַפּ ְדתִּי יְצוּ ָ ֑עי בּJb
ָ ֶערֶשׂ יְצוּ132:3 ; ַחֹשׁ ְך
17:13 ( || ִי
; אִס־ ֲא ַקוֶּה ְשׁאוֹל בֵּיתcf. ψ 139:8 ).
†[ע
ַ יָצִיS 3326
TWOT 896a
GK 3666
] n. m. 1 K 6:10 only Qr , properly flat
surface , only of lower projecting story of temple, ע ֯ יָצ1 K 6:5 , 10 ; v 6 read
ַ ִו
ַה ֵצּלָע2, as Bö § 658
Sta ZAW 1883, 136
, v. also v 5 , 8 Ez 41:5 , 6 .
† ַמצָּע S 4702
TWOT 896c
GK 5201
n. m. couch, bed ; ע
ַ ִשׂ ָתּ ֵר
ְ ֵמה ָקצַר הַםּ׳ Is
28:20 the bed is too short for one to stretch oneself ( ָה
ַמ ֵסּכcoverlet in || cl.)
† יָצַקS 3332
TWOT 897
GK 3668
vb. pour, cast, flow ( Talm . id. ) — Qal Pf.
יָצַק Lv 8:15 + 2 times; ַק
וְיָצconsec. 2:1 ; 14:15 ; וַיִּצֹקLv 8:12 sf. יְָצקָם 1K
7:46 2 Ch 4:17 , etc.; Impf. יִצֹּקLv 14:26 Nu 5:15 ; וַיִּצֹּקGn 28:18 + 8 times;
וַיִּ֫צֶק1 K 22:35 ( intrans. ); 3 fs. וַתִּצֹּק2 S 13:9 ; אֶצֹּקIs 44:3 ; ֶאצָּק־v 3 ; וַיִּֽצְקוּ
2 K 4:40 ; Imv. יְצֹקEz 24:3 ; ַק צ2 K 4:41 ; יִצְקוּ1 K 18:34 ; Inf. ֶ ֫צקֶתEx 38:27
Jb 38:38 ; Pt. pass. Jb 28:2 + 5 times; pl. ִים יְצוּק2 Ch 4:3 ; יְֻצקִים1 K 7:24 ;
יְצֻקוֹתv 30 ;— 1. pour, pour out , oil, in anointing, sq. acc. ( ) שׁמן+ עלGn 28:18
( E ), 35:14 ( J ); sq. ֶן ִשּׁמ
ֶ מ+ עלLv 8:12 ( P ); sq. שׁמן ( עלimplied from context)
Ex 29:7 ( P ), 1 S 10:1 2 K 9:3 ; sq. ֶן ֶשׁמ+ אֶל־v 6 ; fig. , c. רוּחִי+ עלIs 44:3 ;
oil in sacrifice, + עלLv 2:1 , 6 Nu 5:15 ; in cleansing, + עלLv 14:15 , 26 (upon his
palm; all P ); oil into ( ) עלvessels 2 K 4:4 ; water, for washing, + על3:11 ; for
drenching, + על1 K 18:34 ; for boiling (into ( ב ְ ) the caldron), symbol., Ez 24:3 ; for
satisfying thirst ( fig. ) + עלIs 44:3 ; blood (of sacrifice) + ֶל־יְסוֹד
אLv 8:15 ; 9:9 ( P
); pottage, for eating, 2 K 4:40 , 41 ; cakes ( ִבוֹת ) ְלב2 S 13:9 ; fig. of disease יָצוּק בּוֹ
ψ 41:9 infused into him ( al. less prob. as 3 molten , i. e. fixed upon ). 2. cast (objects of
metal) Ex 25:12 ; 26:37 ; 36:36 ; 37:3 , 13 ; 38:5 , 27 (all P ), 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch
4:17 , 1 K 7:24 , 30 2 Ch 4:3 . 3. Pt. pass. as adj. fig. cast, hard , of crocodile’s
scales Jb 41:15 ; of crocodile’s heart v 16 ( ×2 ) (as stone). 4. intrans. flow, pour , only
וַיִּ ֶצ֫ק1 K 22:35 (of blood), Jb 38:38 ָעפָר לַמּוּצָק ְבּ ֶצקֶת. Hiph. Impf. וַיַּ ִצּ֫קוּ2 S
15:24 ; ֻם וַיִַּצּקJos 7:23 ; Pt. f. מֹי ָ ֑צקֶת
֯ 2 K 4:5 ;— pour (oil) 2 K 4:5 , fig. of
shekels of silver, etc., pour out Jos 7:23 ; of the ark, 2 S 15:24 set down ( ? ); but read
( וַיַּצִּיגוּDr Gr ). Hoph. Pf. הוּצַקψ 45:3 ; Impf. יוּצַקLv 21:10 Jb 22:16 ; Pt.
מוּ ָצ֑ק 1 K 7:23 , 33 2 Ch 4:2 Jb 37:18 ; ָק
ֻמצ11:15 ; cstr. ֻמצַּק 1 K 7:16 ;— 1. be
poured , subj. ֶן
ֶשׁמ, sq.( עלin anointing), Lv 21:10 ( H ); fig. of foundation of
wicked Jb 22:16 , v. Di ; of grace ֵן ח, on lips, ψ 45:3 ( sq. ) ב, v. Che . 2. Pt. =
cast, molten הים הם׳1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2 , ראיJb 37:18 ; as pred. 1 K 7:33 ; cstr.
as subst. ְחשׁת
ֶ מֻֽצַּק נ1 K 7:16 . 3. Pt. , fig. firmly established , pred. of pers. , וְ ָהיִי ָת
ם׳Jb 11:15 and thou shalt be established ( || ) לֹא תִירָא. Cf. II ( צוקp. 848 ).
† [ ָה
יְ ֻצקS 3333
TWOT 897a
GK 3669
] n. f. a casting (of metal);— בִּי ֻצקָתוֹ
יְ ֻצקִים 1 K 7:24 cast at its casting ( ְתּוֹ
ֻמ ַצקin || 2 Ch 4:3 ).
† I. ָק
מוּצS 4164 , 4165
TWOT 1895c , 897b
GK 4607 , 4608
n. m. a casting ; ָד
ֶאח ם׳ 1
K 7:37 (of metal); of dust compacted into clod ֶת
ְבּ ֶצק ָעפָר לַמּוּצָק Jb 38:38 .— II.
מוצק v. sub צוק.
מוּ ֶצ֫קS
† [ ֶת 4166
TWOT 897c
GK 4609
] n. f. 1. pipe (through which oil is
poured ) ָקוֹת
מוּצZc 4:2 . 2. a casting ( cf. ) יְֻצקָה, יְצוּקִים ְבּ ֻמ ַצקְתּוֹ 2 Ch 4:3 .
† יָצַרS 3335
TWOT 898
GK 3450 , 3670
vb. form, fashion ( NH in pt. יוֹצֵרpotter,
creator , and deriv.; Ph. יצרpotter; ; יצרSyriac = יֵצֶר, etc.; Arabic covenant,
contract; Assyrian êṣêru , as Heb. , Dl HWB 309 ) — Qal Pf. י׳Is 44:10 ; צ֑ר ָ ָ יGn 2:8 ;
sf. ָהּ יְ ָצרIs 45:18 ; 2 m. יָ ַצ ְר ָתּψ 104:26 + 8 times Pf. ; Impf. 3 m. וַיִּ֫יצֶרGn 2:7 ;
וַיִּ ֶצ֫רv 19 ; sf. יִ ְצּרֵהוּIs 44:12 ; 1 s. sf. ָו ְר ָך
֯ ֶאצּJe 1:5 ; Pt. יוֹצֵרIs 41:25 + 20
times; ֵר יֹצ45:18 + 6 times; sf. יֹ ְצרִי49:5 + 11 times sf. ; pl. יוֹ ְצרִים30:14 1 Ch
4:23 ; cstr. ֵי יֹ ְצרIs 44:9 ;— 3. of human activity: a. of a potter who forms out of clay a
vessel Is 29:16 ; 41:25 Je 18:4 ( ×2 ) , 6 ( ×2 ) 1 Ch 4:23 La 4:2 Zc 11:13 ( ×2 ) (these
last two according to Thes SS et al. error for ָר ְכּלִי (ה)י׳ ;) אוֹצpotter’s vessel 2 S
17:28 ψ 2:9 Je 19:11 ; הי׳ חֹמֶרpotter’s clay Is 29:16 ; י׳ נֵבֶל 30:14 ; י׳ ַבּ ְקבֻּק Je
19:1 ; הי׳ בית 18:2 , 3 . b. of a carver of wood, graven images Is 44:9 , 10 , 12 Hb
2:18 ( ×2 )
. c. frame, devise in the mind ָל
ָעמ
י׳ψ 94:20 . 4. of divine activity: a. (as a
potter) forming Adam out of עפרfrom אדמהGn 2:7 , 8 ( J ), beasts and birds, also
from אדמהv 19 ( J ); Israel as a people Is 27:11 ; 43:1 , 21 ; 44:21 ; 45:9 ( ×2 ) , 11
; 64:7 , even from the womb 44:2 , 24 ; the servant of Yahweh from the womb 49:5 ; of
the formation of the individual man 43:7 ; Jeremiah in the womb Je 1:5 ; the eye of man
ψ 94:9 ; the locust Am 7:1 ; Leviathan ψ 104:26 ; the dry land 95:5 ; the earth Is 45:18
( ×2 )
; the mountains Am 4:13 ; ַכֹּל
הJe 10:16 = 51:19 . Fig. perhaps lost sight of in
some of the above, and quite certainly in the forming of light Is 45:7 , of summer and
winter ψ 74:17 , the ח ַ רוּof man Zc 12:1 , and the לבof men ψ 33:15 . b. fig. for 2 (in
divine purpose), of a situation ָחוֹק
ֵמרIs 22:11 ; of an occurrence ֶקדֶם מִימֵי37:26 =
2 K 19:25 ; ִיֱשׂנָּה יָ ַצ ְרתּ
ֶ אַף ֶאעI have planned, I will also do it 46:11 ; י׳ רעה עלJe
18:11 ; ִינָתּ
י׳ ַל ֲהכdevised it to establish it 33:2 . Niph. Pf. ְל ָפנַי לֹא־נוֹצַר אֵלIs 43:10
before me a god was not formed (created). Pu. Pf. צּ֑רוּ ָ ֻ יָמִים יdays (that) 2 (in the
divine purpose) ψ 139:16 ( cf. Qal, 2 b ). Hoph. Impf. ל֑ח ָ כָּל־ ְכּלִי יוּצַר ָע ַליְִך לֹא יִ ְצ
Is 54:17 any weapon that is formed against thee will not prosper .
֫יֵצS
† I. ֶר 3336 , 3337 , 3340
TWOT 898a
GK 3671 , 3672
n. m. Is 26:3 form, framing,
purpose ;— י׳Gn 6:5 + 5 times; ְרוֹ יִצDt 31:21 Hb 2:18 ; יִ ְצרֵנוּψ 103:14 ;— 1.
pottery , formed by the potter Is 29:16 . 2. form of a graven image Hb 2:18 . 3. form
of man as made of the dust ψ 103:14 . 4. of what is framed in the mind ( cf. ַר יָצ1 c ,
2 b ), imagination, device, purpose: )לב(ב יצר מחשׁב(ו)ת Gn 6:5 ( J ), 1 Ch
29:18 ; מחשׁבות י׳ 28:9 ; לב י׳ Gn 8:21 ( J ); ֶר
יֵצalone Dt 31:21 ( J ); סָמוּ ְך יֵצֶר
Is 26:3 a stedfast purpose (or frame of mind). (In NH יֵצֶרis common in sense of
impulse: הטוב יצרand יצר הרעof good and bad tendency in man.)
† [ ִים
יְ ֻצרS 3338 TWOT 898b
GK 3674
] n. m. pl. sf. וִי ֻצרַיmy forms, members
of my body Jb 17:7 .
יקבTWOT 900
( √ of foll.; comp. Arabic be sunk, depressed; hollow, cavity ) .
† ֫יֶקֶבS 3342 TWOT 900a
GK 3676
n. m. Pr 3:10 wine-vat (a trough or hollow
excavated ( חצבIs 5:2 ) in the rock for receiving the juice trodden out in the גַּת:
Benz 212 f. ), sometimes also wine-press (the trough in which the grapes were trodden
out);— abs. ֶב ֫יֶקIs 5:2 + 4 times; ֑יָקֶבNu 18:30 ; cstr. ֫יֶקֶבJu 7:25 ; sf. יִ ְק ֶב֑ ָך
Dt 15:14 ; 16:13 ; pl. יְ ָקבִים Jb 24:11 + 4 times; ֵי
יִ ְקבZc 14:10 ; יְ ָקבֶי ָךPr 3:10
;—wine- vat , Is 5:2 Hg 2:16 Jo 4:13 ( || ) גַּת, Pr 3:10 ; often || ֶן
גֹּר, Nu 18:27 ,
30 Dt 15:14 ; 16:13 2 K 6:27 Ho 9:2 Jo 2:24 ; appar. of the 5 Jb 24:11 יְ ָקבִים
דָּֽרְכוּ, Is 16:10 (hence Je 48:33 ). Designating particular localities, Ju 7:25 ֶב יֶק
זְאֵב, Zc 14:10 ( יִ ְקבֵי ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךnear Jerusalem).
†[ יָקַדS 3344
TWOT 901
GK 3678
] vb. be kindled, burn ( Aramaic ַד
יְק, , burn ,
intrans. ; Arabic , id. ) — Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵקַד Is 10:16 ; 3 fs. וַ ִתּיקַד Dt 32:22 ; Pt.
act. f. יֹ ֶק֫דֶתIs 65:5 ; pass. יָקוּד30:14 ;— be kindled , fig. of judgment, יֵקַד יְקֹד
כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁIs 10:16 ; so burn , Dt 32:22 a fire hath been kindled ( ) קָֽ ְדחָהin my wrath
, ַד־שׁאוֹל
ְ וַתִּיקַד עand it burneth unto She’ôl ; fig. of people displeasing to י׳, אֵשׁ
ָשׁן בְּאַפִּי
ָ יֹ ֶקדֶת כֶּל־הַיּוֹם ֵאלֶּה עIs 65:5 ; pt. יָקוּדkindled , as subst. ַלחְתּוֹת אֵשׁ
ִמיָּקוּד30:14 to take fire from that which is kindled , i. e. from the hearth ( Lg BN 60 ).
Hoph. Impf. 3 fs. ַד תּוּקLv 6:2 , 5 , 6 ; תּוּ ָק֑דJe 15:14 ; 17:4 ;— be burning, burn ,
of (perpetual) altar-fire Lv 6:2 , 5 , 6 ( P ); fig. of ’ י׳s judgment, ֵשׁ ֲעלֵיכֶם תּוּ ָק֑ד א
קָֽ ְדחָה בְּאַפִּיJe 15:14 , similarly 17:4 ( cf. Dt 32:22 supr. , as prob. source of both).
† מוֹקֵד S 4168
TWOT 901b
GK 4611
n. [ m. ] a burning mass ;— abs. ַעצְמוֹתַי
כְּמוֹקֵד נִ ָ ֑חרוּψ 102:4 my bones are scorched through like a burning mass; pl. cstr.
, fig. of ’ י׳s judgment, ָם מוֹ ְקדֵי עוֹלIs 33:14 ( || ) אֵשׁ אוֹ ֵכ ָל֔ה.
Benz J. Benzinger.
† מוֹ ְקדָה S 4169
TWOT 901c
GK 4612
n. f. hearth ( = place of burning ) , only
of 3, the plate or top of altar, on which burnt-offering was laid and consumed, הִוא
הָעוֹלָה עַל ם׳ עַל ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַח Lv 6:2 ( sq. ) תּוּקַד בּוֹ וְאֵשׁ ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַח.
יקהTWOT 902
( √ of following; cf. Arabic preserve (from evil, or fear); VIII. be
pious, careful of one’s religious duties ( Lane 3059
)).
277 h 2
, meaning dubious; perhaps better regard יקותas n. abstr. from יקה, and
render Preservation of God ) a man of Judah 1 Ch 4:18 ; Χετιηλ , A Ιεκθιιηλ ,
L Ιεφθιηλ .— Vid. יָ ְק ְתאֵל.
√ ( יקהּof following; cf. Arabic be obedient; so Assyrian âḳû ( )? וקהDl HWB 123
;
וקהhear (favourably), hear (and answer), also in
Sab. n.pr. וקהאל, יקהאל, יקהמלך
DHM in MV ) .
† [ ָה
יִ ְקהS 3349
TWOT 902a
GK 3682
] n. f. obedience ;— cstr. יִ ְקּהַת ַעמִּיםGn
49:10 c. subject. genit. (Daghesh forte dirim. Ges § 20, 2 b
Lag BN 82
), ֵם
לִי ְקּהַת א
Pr 30:17 c. object. genit.
GK 3695
v. sub קום.
† יָקַעS 3363
TWOT 903
GK 3697
vb. be dislocated, alienated ( Arabic is fall, fall
down, fall upon, befal, happen ) — Qal Impf. 3 fs. ֵתּקַע Je 6:8 ; ַע
וַ ֵתּקGn 32:26 + 2
times; dislocated Gn 32:26 (Jacob’s thigh); elsewhere fig. of ; נפשׁtorn away,
alienated from any one, sq. מִן Je 6:8 Ez 23:17 ; sq. ֵמעַל v 18 . Hiph. Pf.
וְהוֹ ַקעֲנוּם consec. 2 S 21:6 ; Impf. וַיֹּקִיעֻם v 9 ; Imv. הוֹקַע Nu 25:4 ; of some
solemn form of execution, but meaning uncertain: Aq Ges impale; S expose (
ἐξηλιάζειν, παραδειγματίζειν ); B crucify; RS Rel; Sem 398 (419)
throw down (Arabic
) a rock ( cf. 2 Ch 25:12 ): + ליהוה2 S 21:6 ( י׳ לפני v 9 ), Nu 25:4 . Hoph. Pt.
הַמּוּ ָקעִים 2 S 21:13 ; pass. of Hiph.
†[ יָקַץS 3364
TWOT 904
GK 3699
] vb. awake ( Arabic wake, be awake ) — Qal
Impf. יִ ָק֑ץ 1 K 18:27 ; ַץ
וַיִּיקGn 28:16
וַיִּיקֶץGn 9:24 ; וַיִּקַץJu 16:20 ψ 78:65 1 K
3:15 ( v Baer); ק֑ץ ָ וָאִיGn 41:21 ; יִקְֽצוּHb 2:7 ;— awake , Gn 41:4 , 7 , 21 ( E ), 1
K 3:15 ; of Baal 18:27 ; sq. ִשּׁנָתוֹ ְ מGn 28:16 ( J ), Ju 16:14 , 20 , of Noah, ִמיֵּינוֹGn
9:24 ( J ), i. e. from drunken sleep; fig. of י׳ψ 78:65 , i. e. become suddenly active; of
enemies Hb 2:7 .— Vid. also קיץHiph.
†[ יָקַרS 3365
TWOT 905
GK 3700
] vb. be precious, prized, appraised ( NH id. ,
Pi., Hiph.; Aramaic ַר יְק, , be heavy, precious; Pa. honour; יַקִּיר, weighty, precious,
honoured; cf. Assyrian aḳâru , be precious, costly , and deriv., Dl HWB 240 ; Arabic be
heavy , II. honour; dignity; Sab. n. וקרhonour DHM ZMG 1883, 402 ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs.
יָֽ ְקרָה 1 S 16:21 ; 2 ms. יָ ַק ְר ָתּ Is 43:4 ; 1 s. ִי
יָ ַק ְרתּZc 11:13 ; 3 pl. יָקְֽרוּψ
139:17 ; Impf. ַר וַיִּיק1 S 18:30 ; וְיֵקַרψ 49:9 ; וְיֵיקַר72:14 ; juss. ) תִּיקַר(־נָא2 K
1:13 , 14 ;— 1. be precious: a. = highly valued, esteemed , David’s name, ְאֹד ְשׁמוֹ מ
וַיִּיקַר1 S 18:30 ; of Israel, יָ ַק ְר ָתּ ְבעֵינַיIs 43:4 ( + נִ ְכ ַבּ ְד ָתּ, ;) ֲא ַה ְבתִּי ָךof God’s
thoughts ִרוּ
מַה־יָּֽק ֵרעֶי ָך וְלִי ψ 139:17 ( Ew Hi Hup render hard, difficult: cf.
יַקִּירָה Dn 2:11 ). b. especially of life ( ֶשׁ
) נֶפ, in phr. ְבּעֵינֶי ָך ְשׁי
ִ יָֽ ִקרָה נַפ1 S 26:21 , i.
e. thou hast spared it; so ( juss. ) 2 K 1:13 , 14 ; similarly ֵינָיו יֵיקַר ָדּמָם ְבּעψ 72:14 ( ||
ְשׁםָ ) מִתּוֹ ְך וּ ֵמ ָחמָס יִגְאַל נַפ. c. be costly , ְשׁם
ָ וְיֵקַר ִפּדְיוֹן נַפψ 49:9 . 2. be appraised,
valued , ֶם ֲשׁר יָ ַק ְרתִּי ֵמ ֲעלֵיה
ֶ ֶאדֶר ַהיְקָר אZc 11:13 the magnificence of the price at
which I was appraised (and dismissed) from them! Hiph. Impf. 1 s. פּ֑ז ָ אוֹקִיר אֱנוֹשׁ ִמIs
13:12 I will make men more rare (lit. precious ) than fine gold . Imv. ַר הֹקPr 25:17
make rare (i. e. withhold ) thy foot from the house of thy friend.
†[ ] יָקשׁvb. lay a bait or lure ( v. ) מוֹקֵשׁ, then gen. lay snares ( v. also נקשׁ,
— ) קוֹשׁQal Pf. יָק֫ ְשׁתִּי Je 50:24 ; ְשׁוּ
יָֽקψ 141:9 ; Pt. pl. ְשׁיםִ יוֹק124:7 ;— lay
snares , fig. of devices of wicked 141:9 ( c. acc. cogn. ); of ’ י׳s plan to destroy
Babylon Je 50:24 ; יקשׁתי לך וגם נלכדת Pt. as subst. 3 ψ 124:7 ( cf. 141:9 ) sim.
Niph. Pf. נוֹ ַק֫ ְשׁ ָתּPr 6:2 ; וְנוֹקְשׁוּconsec.
Is 8:15 ; 28:13 ; Impf. 2 ms. ֵשׁ ִתּוָּקDt
7:25 ; be caught by a bait, ensnared , in business entanglements Pr 6:2 ; in disastrous
consequences of idolatry Dt 7:25 ( || ;) נלכדof those ensnared by ’ י׳s plans ( sq.
) ונלכדו Is 8:15 ; 28:13 . Pu. Pt. ָשׁיםִ ( יוּקfor ָשׁים
ִ מְיוּק, unless this should be read:
§ 52. R. 6
Ges ; Sta § 220 ): entrapped , in circumstances of life Ec 9:12 .
† מוֹקֵשׁ S 4170
TWOT 906c
GK 4613
n. m. Pr 12:13 proposes a bait or lure in a
מוֹקֵשׁEx 10:7 + 15 times; cstr. Pr 18:7 ;
fowler’s net; then fig. snare — abs.
20:25 ; pl. ְשׁים
ִ מוֹקψ 64:6 Jb 40:24 ; ְשׁים
ִ מֹקψ 140:6 ; cstr. ְשי ֵ מוֹק18:6 + 3
times; ְשׁי
ֵ מֹק2 S 22:6 ; f. מֹקְשׁוֹתψ 141:9 ; bait or lure , in a net for birds Am
3:5 ; will not pierce nostril of hippopotamus Jb 40:24 ; elsewhere fig. of what
allures and entraps any one to disaster or ruin; Moses a snare to Egyptians Ex 10:7 (
J ); ָם
ְשׁי עֵ מוֹקJb 34:30 , of men who are the ruin of their people; idols and idol-
worship a pernicious lure to Israel Ex 23:33 (JE), Dt 7:16 Ju 2:3 ; 8:27 ψ 106:36
; so alliances with Canaanites Ex 34:12 (JE), Jos 23:13 ( D ); Michal, to David 1 S
18:21 ; of י׳as cause of ruin to evildoers Is 8:14 ; of plots of wicked ψ 64:6 ; 140:6
( vb. פַּח || ; ִשׁית, ֲח ָבלִים, ֶשׁת
ֶ ) ר, 141:9 ( || ַח
;) פּa lure or snare for wicked in their
transgressions Pr 29:6 ψ 69:23 ( || ַח
;) פּconsisting in transgressions of lips Pr
12:13 , cf. 18:7 ; 20:25 ; in wrathfulness 22:25 ; in fear of man 29:25 ; מוֶת
ָ ם׳ ψ
18:6 = 2 S 22:6 ( || שׁאוֹל
ְ ) ֶח ְבלֵי, Pr 13:14 ; 14:27 .
† ְשׁן
ָ יָקS 3370 GK 3705
n.pr. m. son of Abraham and Keturah Gn 25:2 , 3 = 1
( ×2 )
Ch 1:32 ; Ιεξαν ; L Gn 25:2 , 3 Ιεκταν .
Piel. 5 Pf. 3 m. sf. יֵֽ ְר ֻאנִי2 S 14:15 ; Inf. sf. ְליָֽ ְר ֵאנִיNe 6:19 ; ְליָֽ ְראֶם 2 Ch
32:18 ; Pt. pl. ְמיָֽ ְראִיםNe 6:9 ; 14 make afraid, terrify , with acc.
† מוֹרָא S 4172
TWOT 907c
GK 4616
n. m. Dt 4:34 fear , ם׳Mal 2:5 + 3 times;
מֹרָאDt 26:8 ; sfs. מוֹ ָראִיMal 1:6 ; מוֹרָאוֹIs 8:12 ; מוֹ ַר ֲאכֶםv 13 + 2 times;
pl. ִים
מוֹ ָראDt 4:34 ;— 1. fear, terror , || חַתGn 9:2 ( P ); || ַפּחַדDt 11:25 . 2.
reverence: ִי
אַיֵּה מוֹ ָראwhere is the reverence due to me Mal 1:6 . 3. object of
reverence , especially God Is 8:12 , 13 ψ 76:12 ; || ִית ְבּרMal 2:5 . 4. 2 or deed
) (ה)ם׳ (ה)גּדול(ימDt 4:34 ; 26:8 ; 34:12 Je 32:21 .
† I. ָה
מוֹרS 4172 , 4177
TWOT 1166 , 907c , 907d
GK 4616 , 4623 , 4624
n. [ m. ] ִשׁיתָה
מוֹרָה ָלהֶם ψ 9:21 , prob. appoint ( Hos 6:11 ) terror (i.e. some awe-inspiring
exhibition of power) for them Thes SS RV Ew De Hu Pe Che after Mas
Aq Jer ( ָה
מוֹרa variation of or prob. error for ;) מוֹרָאposs. set them a teacher,
master Bae after B S מוֹרֶה, νομοθέτην ; neither altogether satisfactory.
†[ יָרָאS 3372
TWOT 908
GK 3707
] vb. shoot, pour ( Aramaic orthogr. of ָה
יָר
q.v. ) — Qal Inf. cstr. לִירוֹא ַבּ ִחצִּים2 Ch 26:15 shoot with arrows . Hiph. Impf.
וַיֹּרא֯וּ2 S 11:24 and they shot at ( ;) אֶל־Pt. pl. הַמּוֹרִא֯יםv 24 the shooters,
archers; Kt to be read ִאוּ וַיֹּר, ; הַמּוֹ ִראִיםbut Mas , noting אas superfluous, would
read וַיֹּרוּ, ִים
הַמּוֹרfrom ( יָרָהBö § 1083 (8), (9) ). Hoph. Impf. only in וּ ַמ ְרוֶה גַּם הוּא
יוֹ ֶר֑אPr 11:25 he that watereth shall himself also be watered ( Fl De MV al.
derive—‘non bene,’ Thes —from √ רוה, q.v. , ֶא יוֹרfor ; יָ ְרוֶהbut v. Thes Ew § 131
f.
Bö § 161 (4) SS Buhl Kö i 585 ; cf. ירה4 ).
֯ יִ ְר ִאיּS 3376
ָיה GK 3713
v. p. 909 .
Mas Masora.
Jer Jerome; also Jerusalem.
Fl H.L. Fleischer.
יָ ָר ְבעָםS 3379 GK 3716
v. p. 914 .
יָרֵבS 3377 GK 3714 יָרִיבS 3401 , 3402 TWOT 2159b GK 3742 , 3743
יְ ֻר ַבּ֫עS
, ַל 3378
יָרַדS 3381
TWOT 909
GK 3718
380 vb. come or go down, descend ( NH id. ; MI
32
וארדand ; רדAssyrian arâdu , Dl HWB 240 ; Arabic come to, arrive at , also descend;
Ethiopic descend; Sab. ורדand הורדid. DHM in MV ) — Qal 306 Pf. ַד יָרEx 19:18
+ ; ַד יְרJu 5:13 ( ×2 )
(but read ַד יָרor רַד ;) יֵרֵד19:11 (read ) יָרַד, etc.; Impf. יֵרֵדGn
42:38 + ; ֶד וַיֵּ֫רGn 11:5 + ; וַיֵּ ַר֑ד2 S 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. ( ֵ ֫תּרֶד ) אֵשׁ2 K 1:10 , 12
; ַד ֵתּרJe 13:17 La 3:48 ; ֵתּ ֵר֔דIs 34:5 ; 63:14 ; ֵת ֵר֑דEz 26:11 ( יוֹרִידVrss Co );
וַ ֵתּ֫רֶדGn 24:16 + 7 times; 2 ms. ֵתרֵדGn 26:2 + 5 times + 1 S 20:19 , where read
ִתּ ָפּקֵדWe Dr , cf. S 1 s. ֵד ֵארGn 37:35 + 3 times; וָ ֵארֵדEx 3:8 + 3 times;
cohort. רדָה־נָא ְ ֵאGn 18:21 ; יֵ ְרדוּ1 S 13:12 + 4 times; וַיֵּרְדוּGn 42:3 + 19 times; 3 f.
pl. דנָה ְ ֵתּ ַרJe 14:17 + 2 times; 1 pl. נֵרֵדGn 43:5 ; cohort. נֵ ְרדָהGn 11:7 + 2 times;
וַנֵּ֫רֶד2 K 10:13 ; Imv. רֵדEx 19:21 + ; ְרדָהGn 45:9 Ez 32:19 ; ֵ ֑רדָה2 K 1:9 , 11 ;
fs. ִי ְרדJe 48:18 Is 47:1 ; mpl. רְדוּGn 42:5 + 5 times; Inf. abs. יָרֹדGn 43:20 ;
cstr. רדֶת ֫ ֶ Gn 44:26 + ; ( ֵמ) ְרדָהGn 46:3 ( v. Kö i 402 ); sf. ִר ְד ִתּיψ 30:10 , etc. (in
ψ 30:4 read Kt ֵי מִיּוֹ ְרד, so S Che Bae , v. Ol § § 160 b, 245 d ); Pt. יוֹרֵדJu 9:36
+ ; fs. רדָה ְ ֹ יLa 1:16 ; ( ַה)יֹּ ֶר֮דֶתEc 3:21 1 S 25:30 , etc.;— 1. a. come or go down:
from ( ִן ) מa mountain Ex 19:14 ; 32:1 , 15 (all E ), 34:29 ( ×2 ) (JE), Dt 9:15 ; 10:5
Nu 20:28 ( P ) + ; abs. Ex 19:21 , 24 ( J ), v 25 ( J ; c. ֵל אpers. ); from the air, of
birds, sq. ַל עGn 15:11 (JE). b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into
plain), to battle, abs. Ju 5:14 ; sq. ֶק ָל ֵעמJu 1:34 ; sq. ַשּׁ ָערִים ְ לJu 5:11 ; sq. אֶלv
10 , 11 , cf. 1 S 17:8 ( sq. ֶל אpers. ); sq. ִל ְקרַאתJu 7:24 ; sq. אַ ֲחרֵיpers. 1 S
14:36 ; sq. בloc. Ju 7:9 ; ָה ַבּ ִמּ ְל ָחמָה יֵרֵד וְנִ ְספּ1 S 26:10 , cf. 29:4 ; 30:24 ; of
single combat, ֶט ַשּׁ֑ב
ָ וַיֵּרֶד ֵאלָיו בּ2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23 . c. go down to ( acc. )
threshing-floor, Ru 3:3 , 5 ; (from David’s palace) to Uriah’s house ( ֶל ) א2 S 11:9 , 10
( ×2 )
, 13 ; from temple to ( acc. ) king’s house Je 36:12 ( + ֵר ִשׁכַּת הַסֹּפ
ְ יְהוּדָח ;) עַל־ל
רֵד בֵּית־ ֶמ ֶל ְך22:1 , etc. d. go down ( abs. ) from Palestine to Egypt Gn 42:3 ( E ), v
38 ( J ) + 6 times JE; † sq. ַי ֵאלGn 45:9 ( E ); sq. ִמ ְצ ַר֫יְמָהGn 46:3 , 4 ( E ), 12:10
; 26:2 (both J ), Nu 20:15 (JE); sq. ריִם ַ ִמ ְצJos 24:4 ( E ), Gn 43:15 ( J ), Is 30:2 ;
31:1 ; 52:4 ; sq. ָה שׁמּ֫ ָ Gn 42:2 ( E ) † ; so to Philistine cities Ju 14:19 ; 16:31 1 S
13:20 Am 6:2 . e. from Jerusalem, abs. Ju 1:9 1 K 1:25 Ne 6:3 2 Ch 20:16 (to
battle); to Jezreel 2 K 8:21 = 9:26 = 2 Ch 22:6 ; to Samaria 1 K 22:2 = 2 Ch 18:2
; (to Gihon) 1 S 1:38 , etc. † f. from altar ָאת ירד ֵמעֲשׂוֹת ַה ַחטּLv 9:22 ( P ); from
chariot, c. ֵמעַל Ju 4:15 ; from ass, c. ֵמעַל 1 S 25:23 ; from throne, c. ֵמעַל Ez 26:16
, abs. Is 47:1 , cf. ְרדִי ִמכָּבוֹדJe 48:18 ; from ships, c. מִןEz 27:29 ; from bed, c.
מִן2 K 1:4 , 6 , 16 (all opp. ) עלה. † g. go down ָה ַע֫יְנָהGn 24:16 , 45 ( J ); sq.
ִלרְחֹץ עַל ַהיְאֹרEx 2:5 ( E ), cf. ( abs. ) 2 K 5:14 ; sq. acc. ַה ֶסּלַע1 S 23:25 ;
יוֹ ְרדֵי ַהיָּםIs 42:10 ; יוֹ ְרדֵי ַהיָּם ָבּ ֳאנִיּוֹתψ 107:23 ; abs. (into pit or well) 2 S 23:30 =
1 Ch 11:22 , sq. שׁם ָ (i.e. ) ְבּאֵר2 S 17:18 .— וְיָ ַר ְדתִּיJu 11:37 , read רוד √ ( וְ ַר ְדתִּי,
wander about ), RS in Bla . † h. = sink , in water ְצוֹלוֹת כְּמוֹ־אָ֑בֶן יָֽרְדוּ ִבמEx 15:5
(song in E ); ִי ְל ִק ְצבֵי ָהרִים יָ ַר ְדתּJon 2:7 ; more gen., opp. rising, ְבקָעוֹת יַעֲלוּ ָהרִים
יֵֽרְדוּψ 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ ָשׁ ַמיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֹמוֹת107:26 . i. go
down to Sh ’ôl : † sq. ָה ְשׁא֫וֹלGn 37:35 ( J ; + ) אֶל־ ְבּנִי, Nu 16:30 , 33 (JE), Ez
31:15 , 17 ; sq. שׁאוֹל ְ Ez 32:27 ψ 55:16 Jb 7:6 ( opp. ַבּדֵּי ְשׁאֹל ֵתּ ַר ְדנָה ;) עלהJb
17:16 ; abs. Is 5:14 Ez 32:19 ( || ָה ָשׁ ְכּב
ְ ) ה, v 21 , 30 , ψ 49:15 ( sq. ;) אַ ֲחרָיו
יָֽרְדוּ ֲע ֵרלִיםEz 32:24 ; sq. ַשׁחַתJb 33:24 , ֶל־שׁחַת ַ אψ 30:10 ; sq. בּוֹרψ 30:4 Qr
( Kt די ;) יורדי ֵ אֶל־אַ ְבנֵי־בוֹר יוֹ ְרIs 14:19 † ; יוֹ ְרדֵי בוֹרψ 28:1 Ez 26:20 ( ×2 ) ( ||
) ֶארֶץ ַתּ ְחתִּיּוֹת+ 11 times ( v. יוֹ ְרדֵי ָעפָר † ;) בּוֹרψ 22:30 ; יוֹ ְרדֵי דוּמָה115:17 ( ||
ַרְגלֶי ָה יֹרְדֹת ָ ֑מוֶת ;) ַה ֵמּתִיםPr 5:5 , cf. 7:27 ( || ;) ַדּ ְרכֵי ְשׁאוֹלnote also … רוּ ַח
ַה ְבּ ֵהמָה הַיֹּ ֶרדֶת הִיא ְל ַמטָּה לָאָרֶץ מִי יוֹ ֵד ַעEc 3:21 ( opp. ; הִיא ְל ָמ֑ ְעלָה הָעֹלָהread
חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss , see VB ). j. fig. יֹרֵד ַבּ ֶבּ֑כִיIs 15:3 going down
(dissolving) in tears ( || ֵיל ; יְיֵלcf. 3 c ). † k. = be prostrated , abs. , of horses and
riders Hg 2:22 , cf. Is 34:7 , perhaps also Je 48:15 ; 50:27 ( + ַח ;) ַל ָטּ֑בforest Is 32:19
Zc 11:2 ; city Dt 20:20 La 1:9 ; wall Dt 28:52 ; nation ָה ָ ֑מטָּה ֵתּרֵד ַמ֫טּDt 28:43 (
opp. ֵבוֹה ;) עלה ַמצּEz 26:11 + ( לָאָרֶץwhere Co ) ויחרדו. † 2. of divine
manifestations: descend , of י׳in theoph [ = ָיו ] על ההר י׳ ָבּאֵשׁ יָרַד ָעלEx 19:11 ,
18 ( E ), v 20 ( J ; ָר ) אֶל־רֹאשׁ ָהה, cf. Ne 9:13 ; יֵרֵד י׳ ְצבָאוֹת ִלצְבֹּא
עַל־הַר־צִיּוֹןIs 31:4 ; abs. Gn 11:5 , 7 ; 18:21 Ex 3:8 (all J ), Nu 11:17 (JE), 2 S
22:10 = ψ 18:10 ( cf. 144:5 ), Mi 1:3 Is 63:19 ; 64:2 ; ֶד י׳ ֶבּ ָענָן וַיֵּרEx 34:5 Nu
11:25 , cf. 12:5 (all JE); of pillar of cloud Ex 33:9 (JE); ַד ָה־שׁ ַמיִם וַיֵּר
ָ םִ׳ ָעלPr 30:4
; of angels on ָם עֹלִים וְיֹ ְרדִים בּוֹ ; ֻסלּGn 28:12 ( E ). 3. of inanimate things: a. hail c.
Bla J. S. Black.
theoph Theophrastus.
עַלpers. Ex 9:19 ( J ); dew c. עַלloc. Nu 11:9 (JE), ψ 133:3 ; rain (as אָבָקand
) ָעפָר, sq. ַשּׁ ַמיִם ָ מִן ה+ עלpers. Dt 28:24 , so in sim. of future king יֵרֵד ְכּ ָמטָר
עַל־גֵּזψ 72:6 ; of ֶשׁם ֶ גּand ֶשׁלֶג, c. ַשּׁ ַמיִם
ָ מִן הIs 55:10 ; manna ( c. עַלloc. ) Nu
11:9 (JE); fire from ( ִן ) מheaven 2 K 1:10 ( ×2 ) , 12 ( ×2 ) , 14 2 Ch 7:1 , abs. 2 Ch
7:3 . b. waters, flowing down ָר ַהנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִן־ ָההDt 9:21 , cf. Jos 3:13 ( sq.
) ִמ ְל ָמ֑ ְעלָה, v 16 ; sq. עַל־יַם ָה ֲע ָרבָהv 16 ; עַל־ ָה ֲע ָרבָהEz 47:8 ; sq. מִן47:1 . c.
tears, מיִם ַ יָרְֽדוּ עֵי ֑נָי ַפּ ְלגֵי־ψ 119:36 , and so La 3:48 ; also ַמיִם עֵינִי יֹ ְרדָהLa 1:16 ,
and so Je 9:17 ; 13:17 ; 14:17 ( cf. also Is 15:3 , 1 j ). d. of oil descending upon ( ) על
beard, etc. ψ 133:2 ( ×2 ) . e. of shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8 ( ×2 ) . f. of
boundary going down (from or to a place) Jos 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P , Nu 34:11 ( ×2 ) ,
12 Jos 15:10 ; 16:7 ; 17:9 ; 18:13 , 16 . g. come down , abs. of headdresses, in sign of
humiliation Je 13:18 . h. pride of power Ez 30:6 . i. of calamity ֵת י׳
ֵמאMi 1:12 ;
עַל־ ָק ְדקְדוֹ ֲהמָסוֹ יֵרֵדψ 7:17 ; of sword descending on ( ) עלEdom Is 34:5 . j. fig. of
words of talebearer; ֶן יָרְֽדוּ ַח ְדרֵי־ ָ ֑בּטPr 18:8 = 26:22 .— Vid. also supr. 1 k .
֑יָרv 15 1 Ch 1:2 ;
Gn 5:16 , 18 , 19 , 20 ; ֶד Ιαρεδ ( v. Lag BN 77
). 2. ֶד
יֶר
man of Judah 1 Ch 4:18 ; id.
† מוֹרָד S 4174
TWOT 909a
GK 4618
n. [ m. ] descent, slope ; abs. מו׳ Mi 1:4
+ 2 times; cstr. מוֹרַד Jos 10:11 Je 48:5 ;— 1. descent, slope , as designation of
locality Jos 7:5 ; 10:11 ( ְם׳
בּ ; בֵּית־חוֹרֹןboth JE); בְּם׳ חֹרוֹנַיִםJe 48:5 ; +
בַּמּוֹרָד חֹרֹנַיִםins. in 2 S 13:34 We Dr ; in gen. מיִם ַ ֻמגָּרִים בְּמוֹרָד ְכּMi
1:4 . 2. ר֑ד
ָ ֲשׂה מוֹ
ֵ ַמע1 K 7:29 work of descent , i.e. 2 ( VB ).
יַ ְרדֵּןS 3383 TWOT 909b
GK 3720
182 n.pr. fl. Jordan ( according to Rel Ol
§ 215 c
,
from ירדwith ֵ — ןfor orig. ַ — ן, cf. ὁ Ιορδανης ; = river as flowing
downward, descending , then of particular stream as river κατ ἐξοχήν . See also Sta
§ 294e
( ֵ — ןfor ֶ — ן, but name according to Sta non- Hebr. ) ) — abs. always
ַהיַּר׳in prose Gn 13:10 + 162 times; c. ה loc. ַהיַּ ְר ֵדּ֫נָה Ju 8:4 + 3 times; רדֵּן
ְ ַי
only ψ 42:7 Jb 40:23 ; cstr. רדֵּן ְ ַ יNu 26:3 + 11 times Nu Jos + 1 Ch 6:63 ;—the
river of Palestine: in all periods, chiefly Hex (122 times: Gn 5 times J ; Nu 20
times P , 1 times JE; Dt 26 times; Jos 34 times JE, 20 times D , 16 times P ), Ju
(12 times), and S (18 times); in K 13 times; Ch 7 times; elsewhere 10 times;— רדֵּן ְ ַַהיּ
ַהזֶּה Gn 32:11 ( J ), Dt 3:27 ; 31:2 Jos 1:2 , 11 ; 4:22 (all D ); רדֵּן ְ ַ ְבּ ֵעבֶר ַהיּGn
50:10 , 11 ( J ), Jos 7:7 ; 24:8 (both JE), + 20 times D + Ju 5:17 ; 10:8 1 S
31:17 ; P has also רדֵּן ְ ַ ֵמ ֵעבֶר ַהיּNu 32:19 , and מֵע׳ ַליַּ ְרדֵּןv 19 , 32 ; 35:14 Jos
14:3 , also Jos 17:5 (JE), 18:7 ( D ), Ju 7:25 1 Ch 12:37 ; 26:30 ; in P peculiarly
יַ ְרדֵּן יְרֵחוֹthe Jordan of (at) Jericho , with עַלNu 26:3 , 63 ; 31:12 ; 33:48 , 50 ;
35:1 ; 36:13 , with ל
ְ ֵמ ֵעבֶרNu 22:1 ; 34:15 Jos 13:32 ; 20:8 ( = 1 Ch 6:63 ),
with ִן
מJos 16:1 ( E ?); דּן
ֵ ֵעבֶר ַהיַּ ְרIs 8:23 Dt 4:49 Jos 13:27 ( P ); see sub עבר
; רדֵּן
ְ ַַהיּ מֵיJos 3:13 ( ×2 )
; 4:18 , 23 (all JE), 3:8 ; 5:1 (both D ); רדֵּןְ ַ מֵימֵי ַהיּ4:7
(JE); היַּר׳ ַ גְּאוֹןJe 12:5 ; 49:19 ; 50:44 Zc 11:3 ( v. גאוןp. 145 a , supr. ); הַיּר׳
ְשׂפַת2 K 2:13 ; יוֹשׁב עַל־ ַהיָּם וְעַל יַד ַהיַּ ְרדֵּן ֵ Nu 13:29 (JE; elsewhere in Nu, P );
ִכּכַּר ַהיַּ ְרדֵּןthe circle of Jordan , i.e. the plain about Jericho Gn 13:10 , 11 ( J ), 1
K 7:46 2 Ch 4:17 ; היַּר׳ ַ ַמ ְעבְּרוֹתJu 3:28 ; 12:5 , 6 fords of the Jordan;
ִשׂ ָראֵל ְ אֶל־ְגּלִילוֹת ַהיַּ ְרדֵּן אֶל־ ֵעבֶר ְבּנֵי יJos 22:11 , cf. v 10 (both P ; v.
גלילותsupr. p. 165 ); ֶארֶץ יַ ְרדֵּןψ 42:7 (without art. only here and in foll.); יָגִי ַח
יַ ְרדֵּן אֶל־פִּיהוּJb 40:23 a Jordan bursteth forth into his mouth .
† יָרָהS 3384
TWOT 910
GK 3452 , 3721 , 3722 , 3723
vb. throw, shoot ( NH shoot ,
Hiph. teach; Aramaic Aph. ִי אוֹרteach; Ethiopic jecit; Amh. warê is information, news ,
ZMG 1886, 724
v. Nö ; Assyrian ârû , lead, guide , Dl HWB 241 ; têrtu , law , Dl HA 49 ;
Zinj. יריset, found , DHM Sendsch. 57 , cf. 2 infr. —Buhl distinguished 3 √ √ ירה: I. =
throw , cf. mod. Arabic warra ; II. Hiph. = moisten , cf. ; רוהIII. Hiph. = teach , cf.
ראה, Arabic ; but evidence for this division hardly sufficient ) — Qal Pf. יר׳Ex 15:4
+ 3 times; 1 s. ִי יָרִיתGn 31:51 Jos 18:6 ; Impf. 1 pl. sf. וַנִּירָםNu 21:30 ( SS after
וְנִינָם, see Ges § 76 (2) e ); Imv. יְרֵה2 K 13:17 ; Inf. abs. יָרֹהEx 19:13 ; cstr.
לִיר(וֹ)תψ 11:2 ; 64:5 ; Pt. יֹרֶהPr 26:18 ; pl. יוֹרִים1 Ch 10:3 ; יֹרִים2 Ch 35:23
Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Hebrew & Assyrian .
;— 1. throw, cast , with acc. : cast lots Jos 18:6 ( E ); army into ( בּ
ְ ) the sea Ex 15:4
(song). 2. cast ( = lay, set ), corner-stone Jb 38:6 ; pillar Gn 31:51 ( E ; v. Zinj.
supr. ) 3. shoot arrows , abs. Ex 19:13 ( E ) 2 K 13:17 ; acc. of arrows 1 S 20:36 ,
37 Pr 26:18 ; acc. pers. Nu 21:30 (song, E ) ψ 64:5 ; with ל ְ pers. 11:2 ; י(וֹ)רִים
archers 1 Ch 10:3 2 Ch 35:23 . 4. throw water, rain: Ho 6:3 , but v. יוֹרֶהearly rain (
cf. Hiph. 3 ). Niph. Impf. יִיָּרֶהshot through (with arrows) Ex 19:13 ( E ). Hiph. Pf. 3
ms. sf. רנִי ַ ֹ הJb 30:19 ( הֹ ָרנִיBaer); הוֹרָהוּ2 K 12:3 ; הוֹ ֵר ָת֑נִיψ 119:102 ; 1 s.
וְהוֹרֵי ִת֫יEx 4:15 1 S 12:23 ; sf. הֹרֵיתִי ָךPr 4:11 ; הוֹרֵיתִי ָךEx 4:12 ; Impf. יוֹרֶה
ψ 25:8 + 5 times; וַיּוֹר2 K 13:17 (for this and other forms see Ges § 76 (2) e ); רנִי ֵ ֹ וֵיּPr
4:4 ; ֵנוּ יוֹרJu 13:8 + 2 times; יוֹרֶנּוּψ 25:12 Is 28:26 ; וַיּוֹרֵהוּEx 15:25 ; יֹרֵם2 K
17:27 ψ 64:8 ; 2 f. sf. ך ָ תּוֹ ְרψ 45:5 ; תֹּ ֶר֑ ָךּJb 12:7 , 8 ; 2 m. sf. תּוֹרֵם1 K
8:36 = 2 Ch 6:27 ; 1 s. ֶה אוֹר1 S 20:20 Jb 27:11 ; sf. אוֹ ְר ָךψ 32:8 ; 3 mpl. יוֹרוּ
Dt 24:8 + 3 times; יֹרוּ2 S 11:20 2 Ch 35:23 ; ֻהוּ יֹרψ 64:5 ; יוֹרוּ ָךDt 17:10 + 2
times; Imv. sf. רנִי ֵ ֹ הJb 34:32 ; הוֹ ֵרנִיψ 27:11 + 2 times; pl. sf. הוֹרוּנִיJb 6:24 ;
Inf. cstr. הוֹרֹתGn 46:28 + 3 times; ָם הוֹרֹתEx 24:12 ; Pt. מוֹרֶה1 S 20:36 + 5
times; ֶה מֹרPr 6:13 ; pl. מוֹרִים1 S 31:3 + 2 times; sf. מוֹ ָר֑יPr 5:13 ; מוֹרֶי ָךIs
30:20 ( ×2 ) ;— 1. throw, cast , with ל, into the mire Jb 30:19 . 2. shoot (arrows) 1 S
20:20 , 36 2 S 11:20 2 K 13:17 ; 19:32 = Is 37:33 ; with ל, of pers. 2 Ch 35:23 ;
acc. pers. ψ 64:5 , 8 ; ִים מוֹרarchers 1 S 31:3 ( ×2 ) 1 Ch 10:3 . 3. throw water, rain:
ֶצדֶק ָלכֶם וְיוֹרֶהHo 10:12 and rain righteousness for you ( Thes al. under 5 ); hence
מוֹרֶהearly rain ( cf. Qal 4 ). 4. point out, shew: גּשׁנָה לְהוֹרֹת ְל ָפנָיו ְ Gn 46:28 ( J ) to
point out before him (the way) to Goshen; ָיו מֹרֶה ְבּ ֶא ְצבְּעֹתPr 6:13 pointing out with
his fingers; acc. pers. et rei Ex 15:25 (JE) ψ 45:5 Jb 6:24 . 5. direct, teach, instruct:
a. of men, abs. Bezalel in handicraft Ex 35:34 ( P ); c. acc. pers. , a father his son Pr
4:4 ; the ancients Job Jb 8:10 ; the animals and the earth, the friends of Job 12:7 , 8 ; c.
2 acc. Is 28:9 ; ך ְ ְבּ ֶד ֶרin the way 1 S 12:23 ψ 25:8 ; 32:8 Pr 4:11 ; ְבּיַד־אֵל
concerning the hand of Ēl Jb 27:11 .— ֶר
ֶשׁק מוֹרֶהteaching lies is used of prophet Is
9:14 . b. specially of the authoritative direction ( v. ָה
) תּוֹרgiven by priests on matters of
ceremonial observance, with acc. rei and ל ְ pers. Dt 33:10 (song), they teach thy
judgments to Jacob, and thy direction (law) to Israel; double acc. 17:10 , 11 according
to the direction, wherewith they direct thee; 24:8 (on leprosy), Lv 10:11 ( P ), abs.
14:57 ( P ), 2 Ch 15:3 ֶה כֹּהֵן מוֹר, Ez 44:23 the Zadokite priests בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל
; את־עמי יֹרוּ Mi 3:11 the priests give such ‘direction’ for hire; less technically, of
Moses Ex 24:12 ( E ), of Jehoiada 2 K 12:3 , of the Samaritan priests 2 K 17:27 , 28 .
c. of God; c. acc. pers. Is 28:26 ψ 119:102 ; double acc. Ex 4:12 , 15 ( J ), Ju 13:8
Jb 34:32 1 K 8:36 ( = ך ְ אֶל ַה ֶדּ ֶר2 Ch 6:27 ), ψ 27:11 ; 86:11 ; 119:33 ; acc. pers.
ְבּ ֶד ֶר ְךψ 25:12 ; ִמ ְדּ ָרכָיוof his ways Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2 . d. of idol-image Hb 2:18 (
) מוֹרֶה ָשׁ֑קֶר, v 19 .
† I. ֶה
מוֹרS 4175 , 4176
TWOT 910b , 910c
GK 4619 , 4620 , 4621 , 4622
n. m. ψ 84:7
(early) rain ( cf. —; ) יוֹרֶהJo 2:23 ( || ֶשׁם
ֶ גּ, ) ַמ ְלקוֹשׁv 23 ( del. We ), ψ 84:7
.
† יוֹרַי S 3140
GK 3455
( = יוֹ ִריָּהwhom Yah teacheth ) n.pr. m. chief of the tribe
of Gad 1 Ch 5:13 , Ιωρεε .
†[ יָרַהּS 7297
TWOT 2126
GK 3724
] vb. only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. ִתּרְהוּ Is 44:8 (
van d. H. Baer, but prob. ְהוּ
תִּֽרsi vera l. , so Thes );? be stupefied ( cf. Arabic , Thes
al. ), but Frey fatuus et stolidus fuit ; < Ew al. who read ְאוּ
תִּֽרfrom ) פחד || ( ירא.
֫יֶרS
† I. ַח 3391 , 3392
TWOT 913b
GK 3732 , 3733
n. m. Zc 11:8 month ( Aramaic
Gesch. Geschichte.
BOR Babylonian & Oriental Record.
1876, 603; 1883, 369
Hal JAS vii, 1 516
) — abs. ֫יֶרַח 1 K 6:37 + 3 times; cstr. id. Dt 21:13
2 K 15:13 ; pl. יְ ָרחִים Ex 2:2 + 3 times; cstr. יַ ְרחֵי Jb 7:3 ; 29:2 ;— 1. month , as
measure of time, during, or in which Ex 2:2 ( E ), Zc 11:8 Jb 39:2 ; שׁ֑וְא
ָ יַ ְרחֵי Jb
7:3 ; קדֶם
ֶ יַ ְרחֵי 29:2 ; pleon. ִים
יֶרַח יָמa month ( of ) days = a month of time Dt
21:13 2 K 15:13 . 2. calendar month , with name זִו יֶרַח 1 K 6:37 (2nd mo., cf. v
1 ); בּוּל יֶרַחv 38 (8th mo.); יֶרַח ָה ֵא ָתנִים1 K 8:2 (7th mo.); cf. אַל־יָבֹא
ְבּ ִמ ְספַּי יְ ָרחִיםJb 3:6 ; ֶגּרֶשׁ יְ ָרחִיםDt 33:14 produce of months , i.e. of various
seasons of years.— Cf. synon. חֹדֶשׁ.
† II. ֫יֶרS
[ ַח 3391 , 3392
TWOT 913b
GK 3732 , 3733
] n.pr. m. ‘son’ of Joktan, only
֑יָרַח Gn 10:26 ( Ιαραδ , L Ιεραχ ) = 1 Ch 1:20 ( L Ιαρε ).
יְרֵחוֹv. יְרִיחוֹ
יְרֹחָםS 3395 GK 3736
, ֵל
יִ ַר ְח ְמאv. sub רחם.
יַ ְרחָעS 3398 GK 3739
n.pr. m. an Egyptian slave 1 Ch 2:34 , 35 ; Ιωχηλ ,
L Ιερεε .
† יָרַטS 3399
TWOT 914
GK 3740
vb. be precipitate, precipitate ( trans. ) ( cf.
Arabic conjecit, praecipitem dedit in puteum, exitium , Frey . ) — Qal Pf. יָרַט Nu
22:32 , app. c. subj. ך
ְ ; ַה ְדּ ֶרthe way is precipitate , ( RV m
headlong ) before me , but
transit. רשׁעים ירטני על־ידיJb 16:11 into the hands of wicked men he precipitates me
( v. Di ; טנִי ֵ ; יִֽ ְר ֵטנִי = יִ ְרBaer’s text יִ ְר ֵטנִיpoints to √ רטהq.v. ); hence perhaps read
יָ ַר ְט ָתּNu 22:32 ; thou hast precipitated the journey in front of me, i.e. rushed recklessly
AT
in front of me; v. Di ; Kau leaves untransl.
יְרִיחוֹS 3405 TWOT 915 GK 3735 , 3747 , יְרִיחֹהS 3405 TWOT 915
GK 3747
,
יְרֵחוֹ57 n.pr.loc. Jericho ( on form see Baer on Jos 2:1 Je 39:5 Kö Einl. 49
; √ and
meaning dub. ; according to Thes al. from רוַח
ָ , = regio fragrans , the district
transit. transitive.
Kö E. König, Einleitung in d. A. T.
abounding in palms, rose-gardens, balsam, etc. ) ;— ִיחוֹ
יְרJos 2:1 + 27 times Jos
(19 times JE, 3 times D , 6 times P ), + 5 times 2 K 2 ; ִחוֹ
יְרJos 18:21 2 S 10:5
Je 39:5 ; 52:8 ; ִחֹה יְר1 K 16:34 ; יְרֵחוֹDt 34:1 ( P ), v 3 ( D ), Nu 22:1 ( P ) +
9 times P , 2 K 25:5 Ezr 2:34 Ne 3:2 ; 7:36 + 3 times Ch;—Canaanit. city taken
by Josh. Jos 6:1 (JE) + ; having a king 2:2 , 3 ; 8:2 ; 10:1 (all JE), 10:28 , 30 ;
12:9 (all D ); near Jordan, whence ( ִיחוֹ יַ ְרדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ ) יְר, v. יַ ְרדֵּןsupr. ; Mt. Nebo
is described as ֵחוֹ
עַל־ ְפּנֵי יְרDt 32:49 ; 34:1 ( P ); (called ַה ְתּ ָמרִים
עִירJud 1:16 ;
3:13 ; so in appos. Dt 34:3 2 Ch 28:15 ); the adjacent plain is called ֵחוֹ ִבּ ְקעַת יְרDt
34:3 (JE); ֵחוֹ ַערְבוֹת יְר2 K 25:5 = Je 39:5 = 52:8 ; ע׳ יְרִיחוֹJos 4:13 ; 5:10
(both P ); among returning exiles appear ֵחוֹ ְבּנֵי יְרEzr 2:34 = Ne 7:36 , and
among builders of wall ֵחוֹ ְשׁי יְר
ֵ אַנNe 3:2 ( BeRy Ryle ad loc. and Ezr 2:34 );—
mod. ( E ) rîḥâ ; see also GASm Geogr. 266 ff.
ירךTWOT 916
( √ of foll.; meaning dubious ) .
† [ ָה
יַ ְרכS 3410 , 3411
TWOT 2777 , 916b
GK 3752
, or ָה
יְ ֵרכS 3411
TWOT 916b
GK
3752
Ol § 167. g
] flank, side , du. extreme parts, recesses ;— sf. יַ ְרכָֿתוֹGn 49:13 ;
du. תיִם
ַ יַ ְר ָכEx 26:27 ; 36:32 + Ez 46:19 Qr ( Kt יַ ְר ָכ ָ ֑תיִם ;) ירכתםEx 26:23 ;
36:28 ; cstr. ֵי יַ ְר ְכּתJu 19:1 + 20 times + 1 K 6:16 Qr ( Kt —;) ירכותי1. side ,
i.e. further side of Zebulun, poet. for more distant border of the his territory Gn 49:13
. 2. elsewhere always du. the two thighs , i.e. fig. angle, recess, extreme parts: as
recesses of Mt. Ephr. Ju 19:1 , 18 ; of Lebanon 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24 ; of
recesses or innermost part of a cave 1 S 24:4 ; a house Am 6:10 ψ 128:3 ; the pit (
) בּוֹרIs 14:15 ( || ) ְשׁאוֹל, Ez 32:23 ; a ship Jon 1:5 ; יַ ְר ְכּתֵי צָפוֹןremote parts of
the north Is 14:13 Ez 38:6 , 15 ; 39:2 ψ 48:3 (but here Lag proposes רצון ;) יר׳
יַ ְר ְכּתֵי ֑אָרֶץremote parts of earth
Je 6:22 ; 25:32 ; 31:8 ; 50:41 ; of a long building,
extreme or hinder part , so of tabernacle Ex 26:22 , 23 , 27 ; 36:27 , 28 , 32 (all P
); of temple 1 K 6:16 ; of Ezek.’s temple Ez 46:19 .
I.ירק S 3417 TWOT 918 GK 3762 ( √ of foll.; NH Hiph.; Aramaic Aph. ִיק אוֹרgrow
green; be pale , and deriv.; Assyrian arâḳu , grow pale (of face), arḳu , yellow, green,
etc., Dl HWB 243 ; Arabic leaf , put forth leaves , cf. 4, 4, of camel, silver coin Lag BN 30
; Sab. ורקgold ( ) כתם וורק, Hal ÉS , JAs Déc. 1874, Nos. 47, 97 DHM VOJ i. 26 f. , and
Ethiopic gold , both from colour according to DHM Di ).
;—of plague spots Lv 13:49 ; 14:37 ; as subst. , ψ 68:14 the 2 ( Che ) of gold.
† Pi. Impf. ַֽל ְפּרִי אַ ְד ָמ ֶת֑ ָך יְיָ ֵרשׁ ַה ְצּ ָלצDt 28:42 the fruit of thy ground shall the
cricket get full possession of ( cf. Qal Ho 9:6 Is 34:11 ), i.e. devour .
† Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹרִישׁJu 1:27 + ; 2 ms. ַשׁ ָתּ ְ הוֹר2 Ch 20:7 ψ 44:3 , etc.;
Impf. 3 ms. ִישׁ יוֹרJos 3:10 ; וַיּ֫(וֹ)רֶשׁJu 1:19 + ; 3 fs. sf. 3 mpl. ִישׁמוּ ֵ תּוֹרEx
15:9 , etc.; Inf. abs. ֵשׁ הוֹרJos 3:10 ; 17:13 ; הוֹרֵישׁJu 1:28 ; cstr. לְהוֹרִישׁDt 4:38
+ , etc.; Pt. ִישׁ מוֹר1 S 2:7 Dt 18:12 ; sf. ִישׁם ָ מוֹרDt 9:4 , 5 ;— 1. cause to possess ,
or inherit Ju 11:24 ; ָנוּ
ַשׁתְּ ֲשׁר הוֹר
ֶ ֻשׁׁ ְת ָך א
ָ ִמיְּר2 Ch 20:11 ; sq. לpers. , ַשׁתֶּם ְ וְהוֹר
ֵ עֲוֹנוֹת נְעוּ ָר֑י תּוֹרJb
ִל ְבנֵיכֶםEzr 9:12 and cause your sons to inherit (it); fig. ִישׁנִי
13:26 thou makest me to inherit (the consequences of) the iniquities of my youth . 2.
cause (others) to possess or inherit , then gen. dispossess: a. sq. acc. gent. vel pers. ,
Jos 13:13 ; 16:10 (both JE), Ju 1:29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 (all opp. ֶב ישׁב ) ְבּ ֶקר, Jos
14:12 (JE), 17:13 (JE; ִישׁוֹ
הוֹר ) הוֹרֵשׁ לֹא, Ju 1:28 ( id. ); opp. ישׁב אֵת Jos 15:63 ;
opp. ישׁב ְבּ Ju 1:21 , 27 ; also Nu 21:32 Qr , 32:39 Jos 17:18 (all JE), 13:12 ( D ),
Ju 1:19b ; 2:23 ; also ָר
אֶת־ ָהה וַיֹּרֶשׁ 1:19a ( = את־יושׁבי ההרsee v b), Dt 7:17
ψ 44:3 ; ָם
ַשׁתּ
ְ וְ ַה ֲא ַב ְדתָּם וְהוֹרDt 9:3 ; sq. acc. + פּנֵי
ְ ִמEx 34:24 Nu 32:21 Jos 3:10
( ִישׁ ; הוֹרֵשׁ יוֹרall these JE), Dt 4:38 ; 9:4 , 5 ; 18:12 Jos 13:6 ; 23:9 (both D ), Nu
33:52 , 55 (both P ), Ju 2:21 ; 11:23 , 24 1 K 14:24 ; 21:26 2 K 16:3 ; 17:8 ; 21:2
(all D ), 2 Ch 28:3 ; 33:2 ; acc. + פנֵי
ְ ִמ ִלּDt 11:23 Jos 23:5 , 13 ( D || ) ָהדַף, 2 Ch
20:7 ; acc. + ִשּׁם
ָ מJos 15:14 (JE) = Ju 1:20 ; of cities (i.e. their inhabitants) Jos 8:7 ;
17:12 ; so of a land = Nu 33:53 ( P ), see v 52 , 55 [ + ] יושׁביb. sq. acc. rei ,
ִשׁנּוּ אֵל
ֶ ִמ ִבּטְנוֹ יֹרJb 20:15 God shall cast them out of his belly , i.e. riches ( || וַיְ ִקאֶנּוּ
) ַחיִל ָבּלַע. 3. = impoverish , יהוה מוֹרִישׁ וּ ַמעֲשׁיר1 S 2:7 (song) י׳impoverisheth
and maketh rich; sq. acc. (of Tyre) ִשׁנָּה ֶ אֲדֹנָי יוֹרZc 9:4 (see v 3 ). 4. nearly =
bring to ruin, destroy , sq. acc. gent. ִי ִישׁמוֹ יָד
ֵ אָרִיק ַח ְרבִּי תּוֹרEx 15:9 (poem in E
); so perhaps also Nu 14:12 (JE; AV disinherit; || ֶנּוּ ) ַב ֶדּבֶר אַכּ. 5. = Qal take
possession of a land Nu 14:24 (JE), but read prob. ָשׁנָּה ֶ יִר.
† ֵשׁה
ָ יְרS 3424 TWOT 920a
GK 3771
n. f. a possession , used of nation וְ ָהיָה
ֵשׁה ֵשׂעִיר אֹיְבָיו
ָ ֵשׁה וְ ָהיָה יְר
ַ אֱדוֹם יְר Nu 24:18 (JE).
† ְרוּשׁא
ָ יS 3388 GK 3729
, ְרוּשׁה
ָ יS 3388
GK 3730
n.pr. f.( taken possession of ,
i.e. married ? ) mother of king Jotham: ְרוּשׁא
ָ י2 K 15:33 = ְרוּשׁה
ָ י2 Ch 27:1 .
† ֻשּׁה
ָ יְרS 3425 TWOT 920b
GK 3772
n. f. (a) possession, inheritance ;— abs.
יר׳Dt 2:5 + 7 times, cstr. ֻשּׁת ַ יְרJu 21:17 ψ 61:6 (but on text v. infr. ); sf.
ֻשּׁׁ ְת ָך
ָ יְר2 Ch 20:11 ; ֻשּׁתוֹ ָ יְרDt 2:12 ; 3:20 ; ֻשּׁ ְתכֶם ַ יְרJos 1:15 ;—used of land
Dt 2:5 , 9 ( ×2 )
, 19 ( ×2 )
; 3:20 ; ֻשּׁתוֹ ָ ֶארֶץ יְר2:12 the land of his possession , so
Jos 1:15 ; further, 12:6 , 7 Ju 21:17 (but Bu RS 152 ָה ִשׁ ֲאר
ְ ) נ, Je 32:8 ψ 61:6 (but
< ֶשׁת ֶ ֲארrequest , cf. Che crit. n.
), 2 Ch 20:11 .
† ֶ ֫ר ֶשׁת S 7568
TWOT 920c
GK 8407
n. f. Ex 27:5 net ;— abs. ֶשׁת
ֶר Ho 5:1 +
ֶ ָ ֑רPr 1:17 ; cstr.
11 times; שׁת ֶשׁת
ֶר Ex 27:4 ; 38:4 ; sf. ִשׁתִּי
ְר Ho 7:12 + 2 times;
ִשׁתּוֹ
ְ רψ 10:9 ; 35:8 ; ִשׁתָּם ְ רEz 19:8 ψ 35:7 ;— 1. net: a. for catching (birds, etc.)
ָה ָר֑ ֶשׁת ִחנָּם מְזֹרָהPr 1:17 to no purpose is the net spread in the eyes of any bird;
elsewhere fig. (1) of judgment of י׳, all c. פרשׂ: Ho 7:12 ( || מיִם ַ ַשּׁ
ָ כְּעוֹף ה
) אוֹרִידֵם, Ez 12:13 ; 17:20 (both || ) מְצוּ ָדתִי, 32:3 (of י׳catching Pharaoh, under
fig. of sea-monster; || II. ֶם ( ;) ֵחר2) of nations capturing king of Israel under fig. of
lion 19:8 ( c. ָם || ; פרשׂ ( ;) ַשׁ ְחתּ3) of priests and rulers (as entangling people in sin)
Ho 5:1 ( || ַח ) פּ. b. spread for feet of man ( fig. ): (1) by י׳La 1:13 ( c. ( ;) ָפּרַשׂ2)
by wicked ( = plot ) Pr 29:5 ( c. ) פרשׂ, ψ 140:6 ( c. id. ; || ַח ) ָטמַן פּ, 10:9 ;
25:15 , ליו
ָ ְֶשׁת ְבּ ַרג
ֶ ֻשׁלַּח ְבּרJb 18:8 ( || ;) ְשׂ ָבכָהelsewhere c. טמןψ 19:16 ( ||
) ַשׁחַת, 31:5 ; 35:7 ( ִשׁתָּם ְ ) ַשׁחַת ר, v 8 ; c. ֵהכִין57:7 ( || ) ִשׁיחָה. 2. brazen
network for altar of tabern. ֶשׁת ֶ ָהרEx 27:4 , 5 ; ְחשׁתֶ ֲשׂה ר׳ נ ֵ ִמ ְכבָּר ַמע27:4 =
38:4 (all P ).—On Inf. ֶשׁת ֶ ר, v. ירשׁsupr.
† [ ָשׁ
מוֹרS 4180
TWOT 920d
GK 4625 , 4626
] n. [ m. ] a possession ;— cstr.
קִפֹּד מוֹרַשׁ Is 14:23 a possession for bitterns; ֵיתָשׁיהֶם וְיָֽרְשׁוּ בּ
ֵ יֲַעקֹב אֵת מוֹר
Ob 17 and the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions (but read perhaps
מורישׁיהםtheir dispossessors , B al. ); fig. ִי
ָשׁי ְל ָבב
ֵ מוֹרJb 17:11 , i.e.
my cherished thoughts ( || ַי
) זִמּוֹת, but fig. is questionable, v. Di , who derives
from ארשׁdesire , so Buhl .
† ַשׁתִּי
ְ מ(וֹ)ר S 4183
GK 4629
adj. gent. only ִי
ַשׁתּ
ְ הַמֹּר מִיכָה Mi 1:1 , מִיכָי֯ה
הַמּוֹ׳ Je 26:18 ; v. foregoing.
[ ָשׂם
ַ יS 3455
TWOT 2243
GK 3775
] vb. Impf. ִישׂם
ֶ וַיּ Gn 50:26 , and so 24:33 Kt
v. I. שׂום, שׂים. ֵל
ְשׂי ִמא
ִ יv. I. שׂוּם, ִשׂים.
ִשׂ ָראֵל
ְ יS 3478 , 3479 GK 3776
n.pr. , and deriv., v. sub I. שׂרה.
ְשׂ ְר ֵא֫לָה
ַ יS 3480 GK 3777
n.pr. m. a son of Asaph 1 Ch. 25:14 = ֲשׂר ֵא֫לָה
ַ ( אq.v.
) v 2 ( etym. dubious ) .
ARSK A. R. S. Kennedy.
Ency. Bib. EB(i), q.v. .
† ִשּׂשכָר
ָ ( יso always MT , Qr perpet.; Ben Napht. ָר
ִשׂ ָשׂכ
ְ יBaer Gn p. 84 f.)
n.pr. m. Issachar ( etym. and meaning dub. ; MT as Niph. Impf. √ ; שׂכרKt =
יֵשׁ ָשׂכָרthere is recompense ( cf. Gn 30:18 ), so Thes al. ; this the true etym.
according to Ol § § 69 c; 277 f.
Kö i . 120
v. יֵשׁ ָשׂכָר ָשׂכָר
Je 31:16 2 Ch 15:7 ; =
( אִישׁa more prob. combination in n.pr. ) We ; > ָר
( יִ ָשּׂכMT ), or ִשּׂא שׂכר
Sam. 95
ָי
; Ισσαχαρ , see especially Gn 30:18 Ισσαχαρ, ὅ ε στιν μισθός ) — 1. fifth son
of Jacob and Leah appar. ninth son of Jacob) Gn 30:18 ; 35:23 ; 46:13 ; 49:14 Ex
1:3 Nu 1:8 ; בּנֵי ישׂ׳
ְ Nu 1:28 ; 2:5 ; 26:23 Jos 19:17 1 Ch 7:1 ; 12:33 ( v 32
van d. H. ); ישׂ׳ ִשׁפְּחוֹת
ְמ Nu 26:25 1 Ch 7:5 ; ישׂ׳ ַמטֵּה Nu 1:29 ; 2:5 ; 13:7 Jos
21:6 , 28 1 Ch 6:47 , 57 ; ישׂ׳ מטה בני Nu 10:15 ; 34:26 Jos 19:23 ; ישׂ׳ בֵּית 1
K 15:27 ; hence ישׂ׳alone = tribe of Issachar, Nu 7:18 Dt 27:13 ; 33:18 Jos
19:17 Ju 5:15 ( ×2 ) ; 10:1 Ez 48:33 ( ) שׁער ישׂ׳, 1 Ch 27:18 2 Ch 30:18 ; =
territory of the tribe Jos 17:10 , 11 1 K 4:17 1 Ch 12:41 ( v 40 van d. H. );
transit. from tribe to territory Ez 48:25 , 26 . 2. 7th son of Obed-Edom 1 Ch 26:5 .
Ben W. H. Bennett.
Mand. Mandean.
W W. Wright, ArabicGram.
Fl H. L. Fleischer, Kleine Schriften
Nö T. Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik .
Bab. Babylonian.
independent pers. pron. (as אנא לית, ( ;) לית הוא3) in Mand. Bab. Talm ,
sometimes in Syriac and Arabic, and in Heb. ֶשׁנוֹ
ְ י, with object. (verbal) sf. ; (4) in
Arabic, as a true verb. In Ethiopic lit. therein , Germ. es gibt , is similar in use ( Di Gr
. § 167, 1
), though not of course in origin. In Heb. the corresponding neg. is אַיִן, q.v. ,
the construction of which is quite similar ) —is, are, was, were, etc., not, however, as
a mere copula, but implying existence with emph. (hence in Engl. to be often
represented by the subst. verb in italics): a. with a pred. following, Gn 28:16 אכן
ישׁ י׳ במקום הזהsurely Y. is (emph.) in this place! 44:26 ; אִם יֵשׁ אָחִינוּ ִא ְתּכֶם
Ex 17:7 ִם אַיִן
ֲהיֵשׁ יהוה ְבּ ִק ְר ֵבּנוּ א, Nu 22:29 בידי לו ישׁ חרבOh that there were
a sword in my hand! Dt 13:4 ִים ִשׁכֶם אֹ ֲהב
ְ ֲהיwhether you do love, 29:17 פן ישׁ
בכם אישׁ, v 18 1 S 9:11f. and they said, Is the seer here? and they said יֵשׁHe is ,
20:8 ; 23:23 Je 27:18 . Alone, in answer to a question (asked with ) יֵשׁ, He ( it ) is:
† 1 S 9:12 2 K 10:15 Je 37:17 . But Je 23:26 (where ישׁhas no subst. or sf. )
text must be corrupt: cf. Gie b. absolutely, there is ( es gibt, il y a ), Gn 18:24
בעיר אולי ישׁ חמשׁים צדיקיםperhaps there are fifty righteous in the city, 24:23
הישׁ בית אביך מקום לנו ללון, 42:1 במץ׳ כי ישׁ שׁברthat there was corn in
Egypt, Ju 4:20 פה אישׁ הישׁ, 2 S 9:1 2 K 5:8 he shall know that there is (emph.)
a prophet in Israel, Ru 3:12 there is a kinsman nearer than I, ψ 58:12 surely there
are gods judging on the earth: so in aphorisms, asserting the existence of a partic.
character, quality, etc., Pr 11:24 ישׁ מפזר ונוסף עוד, 12:18 ; 13:7 , 23 ; 14:12 ;
16:25 ; 18:24 ; 20:15 Ec 2:21 ; 4:8 ; 5:12 ; 6:1 , 11 ; 7:15 ( ×2 ) ; 8:14 ( ×3 ) ; 10:5
. In questions, or protestations, יֵשׁoften implies a doubt whether what is asked about
is to be found or exists: 1 K 18:10 Je 5:1 and see אישׁ אם ישׁif there is (emph.) a
man doing justice, etc. ( cf. ψ 14:2 ), 14:22 Is 44:8 הישׁ אלהיםis there a god
beside me? ψ 7:4 אם ישׁ עול בכפיif there is iniquity in my hands! 73:11 is there
knowledge in the Most High? Jb 5:1 ; 6:30 La 1:12 . c. special phrases:—( a ) after
אִםand a ptcp. , where an abiding intention is to be emphasized, † Gn 24:42
אם־ישׁך־נא מצליח דרכיof thou art (really prospering my way, v 49 ; 43:4 Ju
6:36 ( cf. II. אין2 b ). ( b ) לְ = יֵשׁhas ( had ), especially with prons. יֵשׁ לִי, יֵשׁ
; ְל ָךetc., Gn 33:9 יֶשׁ־לִי רָבI have plenty, v 11 43:7 הישׁ לכם אח, 44:20 ישׁ
לנו אב זקן, 1 S 17:46 that they may know כי ישׂ אלהים לישׂראלthat Israel has
(emph.) a god, 2 K 4:2 ְי מַה־יֶּשׁ־ ָלכwhat hast thou? Jb 14:7 f or a tree has (emph.)
hope ( cf. Ru 1:12 ), 25:3 ; 28:1 ; 38:28 הישׁ למטר אב: Gn 39:5 ( ×2 ) , 8 כל
אשׁר יֶשׁ־לוall that he had ( v 4 without אשׁר, prob. error). ( c ) with inf. and ְל,
is it possible to …? 2 K 4:13 הישׂ לדבר־לךcan (I) speak for thee to the king? 2
Ch 25:9 ; so ל ְ אִשׁ2 S 14:19 ( cf. אֵין ְל, sub II. אַיִן5 ). ( d ) … ֲשׁר
ֶ ( יֵשׁ אif) it was
that … † Nu 9:20 , 21 ; there were some who … (with ptcp. ) † Ne 5:2 , 3 , 4 (
cf. Syriac for ὃ μὲν … ὃ δὲ … Mt 13:8 ; PS 172
). ( e ) ִי
יֶשׁ־ ְלאֵל יָדGn 31:29 al. ;
v. II. ֵל
א7 , p. 43 . ( f ) 2 K 10:15 וָיֵשׁand (if) it be … ( cf. וָלֹא5:17 2 S 13:26
); so Ju 6:13 ָנוּ וְיֵשׁ י׳ ִאתּ. ( g ) pleon. † אֵין יֵשׁψ 135:17 . ( h ) † לֹא יֵשׁJb 9:33
( cf. , : but S Me al. ) לֻא.—As a rule, יֵשׁprecedes its subst. (from which,
however, like אין, it may be separated: Gn 24:23 ; 43:7 ֶם אֶח ֲהיֵשׁ ָלכ, 44:19 , 20
1 S 20:8 etc.); but occasionally, for greater emphasis, this is prefixed: 1 S 21:5 אם
לחם קדשׁ ישׁ כיbut holy bread there is! Is 43:8 the blind people, ועינים ישׁ
though it has eyes, Ju 19:19 ( לחם ויין ישׁ ליcf. אַיִן2 c ).
ָשׁב
ַ יS 3427
TWOT 922
GK 3782
1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell ( NH id. ; Aramaic
יְתֵיב, ; MI 10.31
ישב, l 8. 19 וישב, l 13 ואשב, dwell;
Ph. ישבdwell; Zinj. ישבsit
Sendsch. 58 HWB 244
DHM ; Assyrian ašâbu , sit, dwell , Dl ; Arabic leap, jump , Ḥimyer.
2919
dial. sit , Lane ; Ethiopic II. I secum cohabitare facere , marry, consummate
marriage , cf. Hiph. 4 ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ָשׁב ַ יGn 13:12 + ; 2 ms. ָשׁ ְב ָתּ
ַ יJu 5:16 ,
ָשׁ ְבתָּה ָב֑הּ
ַ וְי consec. Dt 17:14 ; 2 mpl. ְשׁ ְבתֶּם
ַ יDt 1:46 Lv 18:3 , ִישׁ ְבתֶּם
ַ וconsec.
Lv 25:18 + 7 times, etc.; Impf. ֵשׁב ֵ י1 S 5:7 + , ֵשׁב־ ֶ יGn 44:33 Ez 44:3 , ֫יֵ ֶשׁב
before monosyll. 1 K 7:8 Jb 22:8 ; שׁב ֶ ֵ֫ וַיּGn 4:16 + ; ֵשׁׁב ֵ וַיּRu 4:1 ; 1 s. ֵשׁב
ֵ אJu
6:18 + , ֵשׁבֵ וָאDt 9:9 + 3 times + Ez 3:15b (but Co אשׁרKt ); ֵשׁבָה ְ א1 S 27:5 ;
ֵשׁ֑בָה
ֵ אIs 49:20 ; ֵשׁבָה ְ וָאEz 9:3 ; 3 mpl. ֵשׁבוּ ְ יGn 47:4 + ; 3 fpl. תישׁבנהEz 35:9
Kt (i.e. בנָהְ ֵישׁ
ַ תּOl § 242 d Kö i . 401 ), Qr ) שׁוב √ ( תָּשׁוֹ ְבנָה, Co proposes ָשׁ ְבנָה ַ ; ִתּוּ
1 pl. ֵשׁבֵ נJe 42:13 , 14 , וַנֵּ֫ ֶשׁבNu 20:15 + 5 times; Imv. ms. ֵשׁבGn 20:15 + ,
ֶשׁב־Gn 35:1 ; ְשׁבָהGn 27:19 + ; fs. ְשׁבִיGn 38:11 + ; mpl. ְשׁבוּGn 22:5 + , etc.;
Inf. abs. יָשֹׁב־1 S 20:5 ; cstr. ֶת ֫ ֶ 1 S 7:2 + ; שׁבֶת
שׁב ֑ ָ Is 40:22 + ; sf. ִשׁ ְבתִּי2 S
7:5 + , etc.; Pt. m. שׁב ֵ ) י(וֹGn 4:20 ; 24:3 + , etc.; f. ישׁבָה ְ Na 3:8 ; י(וֹ) ֶשׁבֶתJu
4:5 + ; ֶתשׁב֑ ָ ) י(וֹJos 2:5 2 K 4:13 ; ישׁ ְב ְתּ֯יַ Je 22:23 , י(וֹ) ֶשׁבֶת֯יJe 10:17 La 4:21
Ez 27:3 ( Kt preferable in all these, v. Ol § 123 d Ges § 90.3 a ); fpl. ישׁבוֹת ְ 1 S 27:8
;— 3. a. sit on ( ַל ) עa seat 1 S 20:25 , stone Ex 17:12 , teraphim Gn 31:34 , couch
48:2 (all E ), Ez 23:41 , knees 2 K 4:20 throne Ex 11:5 ; 12:29 ( J ), Dt 17:18 1 S
1:9 ; 4:13 1 K 1:13 , 17 , 20 + , v. abs. infr. ; of י׳, ֶץ
ַיּשׁב עַל־חוּג ֶח ֶאר
ֵ הIs 40:22
; dust Is 47:1 , ground ( ֶץ
) ֶארEz 26:16 , ashes Jon 3:6 (these in token of humiliation);
sit down by ( ַל ) עa well Ex 2:15 or pool 2 S 2:13 ; c. אֶל1 S 28:23 ; sit in ( ) ב
house, street, doorway, assembly, etc. 2 S 7:1 Ju 19:15 Gn 38:14 ( J ), Je 15:17 ;
Me A. Merx.
26:10 ψ 1:1 Ct 2:3 so Ez 31:6 , 17 ( fig. ); of No of Amon (personif. city) ַוּשׁבָה
ְ ה
ַבּיְאֹרִים Na 3:8 she who state amid the rivers; c. ְלsit on to (pregn.) לָאָרֶץIs 3:26 ;
47:1 La 2:10 , ֵא ְל ִכסּψ 9:5 , at , ְל ֶפתַח ביתPr 9:14 , ) לִימִינוֹ(י1 K 2:19 , ψ 110:1 ;
ַלמַּבּוּלψ 29:10 ; c. ִל ְפנֵיGn 43:33 ( J ), + ָשׁםJu 20:26 ; 21:2 2 S 7:18 = 1 Ch
17:16 ; c. ִם ע1 S 20:5 Pr 31:22 ; c. אֶת־Je 16:8 Jb 2:13 ; c. ַתּחַתJu 6:11 Mi 4:4
, ֵשׁב
ֶ ַתּ ְחתֶּי ָה ַבּצֵּל וַיּJon 4:5 ; c. ִמנֶּגֶדGn 21:16 ( ×2 ) ( E ), נֶגֶדIs 47:14 , ִמ ֶקּדֶם ָלעִיר
Jon 4:5 ; ַד ִמצּ1 S 20:25 Ru 2:14 ; c. acc. cogn. Ez 28:2 ; ִשׁפֹּט ְ לEx 18:13 ; Jo
4:12 ( cf. ψ 9:5 Is 28:6 ); hence abs. of sitting as king or judge Ex 18:14 ψ 61:8
Mal 3:3 , יושׁביםIs 10:13 , perhaps Am 1:5 , 8 , especially of י׳sitting (enthroned), ψ
2:4 ; 9:8 ; 29:10 ; 55:20 ; 102:13 La 5:19 , so in ִים
( ַה)כְּרוּב ישׁב
ֵ 1 S 4:4 2 S 6:2 =
1 Ch 13:6 , 2 K 19:15 ψ 99:1 ; ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ְתּהִלּוֹת י ישׁב
ֵ ψ 22:4 ( v. c. עַל, supr. ); by
meton. of thrones, for the judges sitting on them ָט
ִשׁפּ
ְ ָֽשׁבוּ ִכסְאוֹת ְלמ
ְ ָשׁמָּה יψ 122:5 ;
ַיּשׁבִים
ְ הRu 4:14 , i.e. in the gate ( cf. v 11 ), those in whose presence purchase of land
took place. b. sit, sit down , abs. , Ju 19:6 Ru 4:1 , 2 Ne 1:4 Je 36:15 ( sq. cl. of
purpose, to eat , etc.) Gn 37:25 Est 3:15 + ; opp. קוּםEx 32:6 (JE) ψ 139:2 , ֵי מְאַ ֲחר
ֶשׁבֶת ψ 127:2 ( opp. ַשׁכִּימֵי קוּם
ְ ;) מso Is 37:28 = 2 K 19:27 (read ך
ָ ֻק ְמ ְל ָפנַיat end
of v 27 = 2 K 19:26 We in Bl Einl. 4, 257
RS Proph. 351, and n. 9
); but also ִי
קוּמִי ְשׁבIs
52:2 , expl. by ( ֵשׁב
ֶ ֵמהָאָרֶץ וַיּ אֶל־ ַה ִמּטָּה וַיָּקָם 1 S 28:23 and) 2 S 19:9 . † c. sit down
outside ( ) חוּץ, i.e. perform a necessity of nature Dt 23:14 . † d. sit = be set (as a
jewel), ישׁבוֹת
ְ עַל־ ִמלֵּאתCt 5:12 set on a filling (i.e. in a setting, De al. ), in
description of eyes; ( > others sitting by full streams ). 4. a. remain, stay, tarry (for a
limited or indef. time), c. ֶת אpers. Gn 24:55 ( J ), Ju 19:4 2 S 16:8 ; c. עִםpers.
Gn 27:44 ( J ), ִי
ִע ָמּד29:19 ( E ), Ju 17:10 ; c. ְב loc. 1 S 7:2 (of ark), 13:16 ; 14:2 ;
24:4 ( 23:25 read ֲשׁר
ֶ אfor ֵשׁב
ֶ וַיּ We Dr Klo Kit Bu ), 2 S 10:5 ; 19:25
(where read ְתּוֹ
ִשׁבfor ִשׁיבָתוֹDr Klo Bu , v. We ), Nu 35:25 ( P ), Jb 24:13 ; c.
ָשׁם1 K 11:16 , ָשׁם עַד־עוֹלָם1 S 1:22 ; c. ( עלby ) 1 S 25:13 ; 30:24 ; פֹּה2 K 7:4
; ִם־ ַהחֲמוֹר ְשׁבוּ ָלכֶם פֹּה עGn 22:5 ( E ); c. בֵּיןJu 5:16 , מִחוּץ ְלLv 14:8 ( P ),
ֵאצֶל1 S 20:19 ; c. acc. בית2 S 6:11 ; 13:20 Ru 2:7 ; abs. 1 S 1:23 ( ×2 ) ; abide,
endure Mi 5:3 , ָםֵשׁב וִיהוֹדָה לְעוֹל
ֵ תּJo 4:20 , so of Mt. Zion ψ 121:1 . b. with y
special emphasis on qualifying phr., ָן
ֵשׁב ְבּאֵית
ֶ ַשׁתּוֹ וַתּ
ְ קGn 49:24 and his bow abode
as a firm one (poem in J ); 1 K 22:1 and they continued three years without war; of
woman remaining ָה ִבּ ְדמֵי ָט ֳהרLv 12:4 , על־דמי וגו׳v 5 . 5. dwell, have one’s abode
in ( ) בa land, city, house, etc., Gn 4:16 ; 13:7 , 12 ( ×2 )
; 19:29 ; 24:37 , 62 Dt 1:4 ;
3:2 Jos 20:6 2 S 7:6 + often (on 2 S 21:16 v. ישׁבו בְנֹב, p. 444 ); in tents Je 35:7
Bl F. Bleek.
, 10 1 Ch 5:10 ; fig. of justice ( ָה
) ְצ ָדקIs 32:16 ( || ִשׁפָּט
ְמ ְשׁכֵן
ָ ;) וin the midst of (
) ְבּ ֶקרֶב Gn 24:3 Jos 13:13 ; 16:10 Ju 1:30 , 32 , 33 ; 3:5 ; so c. ך ְ בְּתוֹGn 23:10 (
P ); c. עַל+ הארץ, of God 1 K 8:27 = 2 Ch 6:18 ; of people Lv 25:18 , 19 ; 26:35
( H ); c. ל
ְ Jb 15:28 ; c. בֵּיןGn 20:1 ( E ); dwell with ( ֶת
) אGn 34:16 , 22 ( P ), Ex
2:21 ( E ), Jos 15:63 (JE), Ju 1:16 , 21 ; 17:11 ; ֵשׁבוּ
ְ אֶת־ ָפּנֶי ָך י ְשׁרִים
ָ יψ 140:14 ; so
c. ִם עJos 20:4 Dt 23:17 ( + ) בקרב, ψ 26:4 (i.e. assoc. with ); c. יַ ְחדָּוGn 13:6 ( ×2 )
( J ), 36:7 ( P ), Dt 25:5 ; ַד ֶשׁבֶת גַּם־ ֑יָחψ 133:1 ; dwell in their stead ( ) ַתּ ְחתָּםDt
2:12 , 21 , 22 , 23 1 Ch 4:41 ; 5:22 ; abs. ָהּ ָשׁבֶת יְ ָצר
ֶ לIs 45:18 for dwelling he
formed it (the earth); ( thy ) 2 is ךָ מְקוֹם ִשׁ ְב ְתּ1 K 8:30 = 2 Ch 6:21 , also מְכוֹן שׁ׳1
K 8:39 , 43 , 49 = 2 Ch 6:30 , 33 , 39 , so ψ 33:14 ; ְשׁ׳ מָכוֹן לEx 15:17 1 K 8:13
= 2 Ch 6:2 . Pt. ישׁב ֵ = subst. , dweller, inhabitant , very often ( c. 215 times): e.g.
ישׁב אהלים ֵ Gn 25:27 ( J ); often coll. ישׁב אהל ֵ Gn 4:20 ( J ), ישׁב הָאָרֶץ34:30 ;
50:11 (both J ), Ex 34:12 , 15 (JE); also poet. f. , (as coll. ; v. Dr on 1 S 17:21 )
יוֹשׁבֶת ָשׁפִיר
ֶ etc., Mi 1:11 ( ×2 ) , 12 , 13 , 15 ; יוֹשׁבֶת צִיּוֹן
ֶ † Is 12:6 Je 51:35 ;
similarly † 10:17 ; 21:13 ; 22:23 ; 48:19 cf. La 4:21 ) Zc 2:11 ; with בתin app. (
Da § 28 R. 6
), ריִם
ַ בַּת־ ִמ ְצ
וֹשׁבֶת
ֶ † יJe 46:19 , so 48:18 ; more usually pl. ישׁבֵי ֶה ָערִים
ְ
Gn 19:25 ( J ), cf. Dt 13:14 ; ֶץ ישׁבֵי הָאָר
ְ Ex 23:21 (JE), cf. Ex 15:14 , 15 (poem
in E ); ֵל ְ Is 18:3 , יוֹשׁבֵי ָ ֑חדֶל
ישׁבֵי ֵתב ְ 38:11 , etc.; ישׁבֶי ָה
ְ Lv 18:25 ; 25:10 ( H ), Nu
13:32 ( P ); abs. יוֹשׁב
ֵ ( coll. ) Am 1:5 , 8 Is 49:19 ; ַיּוֹשׁבִים ְ ה1 Ch 9:2 ; also
(strangely) ישׁבוֹת הארץְ 1 S 27:8 = the populations of the land We Dr (elsewhere
in this sense only fs. and poet., v. supr. ); freq. in phr. without inhabitant (i.e. so that
there shall be no inhab.), ֵין ישׁב
ֵמאIs 5:9 ; 6:4 Je 4:7 ; 26:9 ; 33:10 ; 34:23 ; 44:22 ;
46:19 ; 51:29 , 37 Zp 2:5 ; 3:6 ; ֶן
ָבּה יוֹשׁב
ֵ ֵמאֵיןJe 48:9 ; ישׁב
ֵ ִמ ְבּלִי2:15 ; 9:10 ;
יוֹשב בָּהּ
ֵ לֹא יִ ְהיֶה50:3 ; יוֹשׁב ְל ִב ְלתִּי
ֵ הֱיוֹת־בּוֹ51:62 . 6. of a land or city, sit, abide
seated in its place , fig. for be inhabited Je 17:6 , 25 ; 50:13 , 39 Ez 26:20 ; 29:11 ;
36:35 Is 13:20 ( || ִשׁכּוֹן ְ ) לֹא תּ, Zc 2:8 ; 9:5 ; 14:11 ; ָֽשׁבָה ַתּ ְחתֶּי ָה
ְ י12:6 ; 14:10 ;
Ez 35:9 Kt is תישׁבנה, Qr ; תָּשׁוֹ ְבנָה Co תושׁבנה, i.e. Niph. ָשׁ ְבנָה
ַ ( ִתּוּcf. 36:10 ),
or Hoph. בנָה
ְ תּוּשׁ
ַ ( cf. Is 44:26 ); of palace, ֵשׁב
ֵ ִשׁפָּטוֹ י
ְ וְאַרְמוֹן עַל־מJe 30:18 .
Da A. B. Davidson.
† Pi Pf. 3 mpl. ִשּׁבוּ טִירוֹתֵיהֶם ָבּ֑ ְך
ְ וְיEz 25:4 and they shall set their
encampments in thee ( S Co ֵשׁבוּ ְ וְיinhabit ).
† I. ֶת
שׁבֶ֫ S 7674 , 7675
TWOT 2323a , 922a
GK 8699 , 8700
n. f. seat, dwelling, place (
ַשּׁ֑ב
properly Inf. Qal from ֶת — ) ישׁב ָה מְקוֹם 1 K 10:19 = 2 Ch 9:18 the place
of the seat; ָס
ָחמ ֶשׁבֶת Am 6:3 a seat ( throne , or enthronement ) of violence;
ְשׁבֶת ָע֑ר
ֶל Nu 21:15 toward the dwelling (i.e. place, location ) of ‛Âr; ִשּׂׂרְפוּ
ָי
ַשּׁ֑בֶת
ָב 2 S 23:7 they are burned in the (same) place , i.e. on the spot , but del. שׁ׳
We Dr Bu ִשׁבְתּוֹ Ob 3 his (thy) 7.— II. ֶת
ֶשׁבv. sub שׁבת.
† I. [ ָה
ִשׁיבS 7870 , 7871
TWOT 2340b , 922b
GK 8859 , 8860
] n. f. sojourn ( =
ְשׁיבָה
ִ יaccording to Thes ) —only ְשׁיבָתוֹ ִ בּ2 S 19:23 during his sojourn; but read
ְשׁבְתּוֹ
ִ בּ, v. ָשׁב
ַ יQal 2. — II. ִשׁיבָהv. sub שׁוב.
† ֶשׁׁבְאָב
ֶ יS 3428 GK 3784
n.pr. m. Levite of the 14th course 1 Ch 24:13 ; but
Γελβα , A L Ιεσβααλ .
† ַשּׁ֫בֶת
ֶ ישׁב בּ
ֵ n.pr. m. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:8 Ιεβοσθε , L
Ιεσβααλ ( || 1 Ch 11:11 has ָם
ָשׁ ְבע
ָ י, q.v. sub ;) שׁוּבread ִישׁ־בֹּשׁת
ֶ אq.v.
† יוֹשׁ ְביָה
ִ S 3143
GK 3458
n.pr. m. ( י׳setteth, causeth to dwell; cf. Ph. n.pr.
?( ישבעל = — ) ) ישבבעלa Simeonite 1 Ch 4:35 Ισαβια , L Ιωσαβια .
† מוֹשׁב
ָ S 4186
TWOT 922c
GK 4632
n. m. 2 K 2:19 seat, assembly, dwelling-
place, dwelling, dwellers ;— abs. ם׳ ψ 107:4 + 4 times; cstr. מוֹשׁב
ַ Ex 12:40 + 9
times; sf. מוֹשׁבִי
ָ Jb 29:7 etc.; pl. cstr. מוֹשׁבֵי ְ Ez 34:13 ; sf. 2 mpl.
מוֹשׁבֹתֵיכֶם
ְ etc. Ex 12:20 + 11 times; sf. 3 mpl. מוֹשׁבֹתֶם ְ etc. 10:23 + 5 times;
מוֹשׁבֹתֵי ֶהם
ְ Ez 37:23 , but read מְשׁוּב׳their apostasies Comm. , see VB ;
מוֹשׁבוֹתֵיהֶם
ְ Ez 6:14 ;— 1. a. seat 1 S 20:18 , 25 ( ×2 ) Jb 29:7 ; fig. ם׳ אלהים
ָשׁ ְבתִּי
ַ יEz 28:2 . b. sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly , ֲע ָבדָיו
ַ 1 K 10:5 ( || ְשׁׁ ְרתָיו
מוֹשׁב ָ = ) ַמ ֲעמַד מ2 Ch 9:4 ; so ψ 1:1 ; 107:32 ( || ) קהל. 2.
a. 3 of people, tribe, etc., often = territory, district, or, later city; Gn 10:30 ; 27:39
(both J ), Ex 10:23 ( E ), Nu 24:21 (JE), Gn 36:43 ( P ), Ez 6:14 ; 48:15 1 Ch
4:33 ; 6:39 ; 7:28 ; ֶץ ם׳ הָאָרEz 34:13 = habitable places of the land; distinct
from city ָם
ְמוֹשׁבֹה
ְ בּ ָערֵיהֶםNu 31:10 , cf. Ez 6:6 , but also מוֹשׁב
ָ עִירψ 107:4 ,
7, 36 ; of Zion as ם׳ י׳132:13 . b. alm. = abstr. dwelling מוֹשׁבַ עִיר בֵּיתLv
25:29 ( P ); ֶץ ם׳ ֶארNu 15:2 3 or dwelling ( P ). c. = house Ex 12:20 ( || ביהv
19 ), 35:3 Lv 3:17 ; 7:26 ; 13:46 ; 23:3 , 14 , 21 , 31 Nu 35:29 (all P ), Lv
23:17 ( H ). 3. situation of city 2 K 2:19 ; location of image Ez 8:3 . 4. time of
dwelling Ex 12:40 ( P ). 5. coll. = those dwelling , מוֹשׁב וגו׳ַ כֹּל2 S 9:12 all
those dwelling in the house of Ṣiba — Ez 37:23 v. supr. and ָה
מְשׁוּבsub שׁוּב.
† תּוֹשׁב
ָ S 8453
TWOT 922d
GK 9369
n. m. Lv 25:45 sojourner , only P ( H )
and late; abs. ת׳ Gn 23:4 + 6 times; cstr. תּוֹשׁב
ַ תּוֹשׁׁ ְב ָך
ָ 25:6 ;
Lv 22:10 ; sf.
pl. ִיםתּוֹשׁב
ָ v 6 + 2 times; cstr. תֹּשׁבֵי
ָ 1 K 17:1 , but read ִשׁבֶּה
ְ ( תּq.v. )
Ew Th Hi ;— sojourner , appar. of a more temporary and dependent ( Lv 22:10 ;
25:6 ) kind than the ( גֵּרwith which it is often joined): || ִיר
ָשׂכEx 12:45 ( P ), Lv
22:10 ( ֵן
כֹּה ת׳a priest’s sojourner ), 25:6 , 40 (all H ); ַתּוֹשׁבִים ַהָגּרִים ִע ָמּכֶם
ָ ה
v 45 ( c. pt. גָּרalso v 6 ); c. ִם ע, also Lv 25:47 ( ×2 )
( H ); c. ך
ְ בְּתוֹNu 35:15
( P ). Fig. of one enjoying only a temporary tenure, c. ִם עGn 23:4 , with י׳Lv
25:23 ψ 39:13 , c. פנֵי
ְ ִל1 Ch 29:15 .— 1 K 17:1 v. supr.
ִשׁבָּח
ְ יS 3431 GK 3786
n.pr. m. v. שׁבח.
ִשׁבָּק
ְ יS 3435 GK 3791
v. שׁבק.
ישׁהTWOT 923
( √ of following; meaning uncertain; according to
Fl De Pr 2:7 =
Arabic , III. , var. , assist, support: but this dubious; v. Lane ( cf. Wetzst ZDMG 1868, 60
119
) according to whom this is a second. sense from to make equal (viz. by giving to
another of one’s own property, etc.) )
† תּוּשׁיָּה
ִ S 8454
TWOT 923a
GK 9370
n. f. sound, efficient wisdom, abiding
success ( on der., v. supr. ; according to Fl De proposes advancement , or mental
aptitude that advances: for the form, cf. תּוּגָהand ; ַתּ ֲאנִיָּה
) , a technical
Sta § 262
term of the WisdLt ;— a. sound, efficient wisdom Is 28:29 (of עצה הגדיל ) י׳
; תושׁיה הפליאPr 3:21 ; נְצֹר תּ׳ וּ ְמזִמָּה8:14 (Wisdom speaks) ; לִי ֵעצָה ות׳
18:1 לּ֑עָ ; לכל תּ׳ יִ ְתַגּJb 11:6 (of י׳: v. Di ), 12:16 ; עַמּוֹ עֹז ות׳26:3 הוֹ ָד֑ ְע ָתּ
) יַָע ְצ ָתּ לְלֹא ָח ְכמָה || ( ות׳ לָרֹב. b. of the effect of sound wisdom, abiding success
(for the cominationof meanings, cf. ִיל ִשׂכְּ הto shew wisdom , and also to achieve
success ), Jb 5:12 ידיהם ת׳ ולא תעשׂינהdo not achieve abiding success; 6:13
and abiding success ( || ִי ) ֶעזְ ָרתis driven from me; Pr 2:7 ְשׁרִים ת׳ ָ ; יִצְפֹּן ַליMi
6:9 ותושׁיה יראה שׁמך, i.e. ( si vera l. ) he that seeth (heedeth) thy name is well-
advised ( Ges § 155, 2 b 3 ; Dav § 29 e ).— ֻשׁיָּהִ תּJb 30:22 , v. sub II. שׁוא.
† יוֹשׁה
ָ S 3144
GK 3459
n.pr. m. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:34 ; Ιωσ(ε)ια , A
Ιωσιας L Ιωας .
† יוֹשׁוְיָה
ַ S 3145
GK 3460
n.pr. m. one of David’s heroes 1 Ch 11:46 ;
Ιωσ(ε)ια , L Σωσια .
ִשׁוָה
ְ יS 3438 GK 3796
v. ; שׁוה
ִשׁוִי
ְ יS 3440 , 3441 GK 3798 , 3799
v I. ; שׁוה
ישׁחS 3445
TWOT 924
GK 3803
( √ of following, si vera l. )
ַ ֶ ֫יS
† [ שׁח 3445
TWOT 924 , 924a
GK 3803
] n. [ m. ] ? emptiness (of hunger),
meaning conjectured from context; Mi 6:14 ְ ִשׂ ָבּ֔ע || ( ְבּ ִק ְר ֶבּ֑ ָך וְי
ֶשׁ ֲח ָך ְ ) תאכל ולא ח.
†[ ָשׁט
ַ יS 3447
TWOT 925
GK 3804
] vb. only Hiph. Impf. extend, hold out (late)
( NH Hiph. id. ; Aramaic Aph. אוֹשׁיט
ֵ , id. ; ? Assyrian ašṭu , extended, mighty Lyon
Sargontexte 60
Dl HWB 144
; Arabic is penetrate into the middle of ) — יוֹשׁיט ַשׁ ְרבִיט ַהזָּהָב
ִ
ְל ֶ ֫ ) וַיּ5:2 ; 8:4 .
Est 4:11 hold out the golden sceptre to , so ( וֹשׁט
ִשׁי
ַ יS 3448 TWOT 926
GK 3805 , 414
41 n.pr. m. father of David ( etym. dub. ; Ol
§
277 f.
conj. ; יֵשׁ יָהּ We 1 S 14:49 ישׁי = אישׁי
( אבישׁיbut see this) ) — ִשׁי
= ַ י1
S 16:3 + 29 times; ִשׁ֑י ָ יv 19 + 10 times; Ιεσσαι ; ִישׁי
ַ (וְ)א1 Ch 2:13 ;— +
ִשׁי בֵּית־
ַ ַה ַלּ ְחמִי יJesse the Bethlehemite 1 S 16:1 , 18 ( בֶּן־ישׁי וגו׳, of David),
17:58 † ; ישׁיalso 16:3 + 14 times 1 S 16 , 17 ; † son of ֵד עוֹבaccording to Ru
4:17 , 22 ( ×2 )
= 1 Ch 2:12 ; דּוִ(י)ד ָ בֶּן־ישׁי2 S 23:1 1 Ch 10:14 ; 29:26 ψ 72:20
; ֶן־ישׁי
ֱאלִיאָב בּ2 Ch 11:18 ; elsewhere בֶּן־ישׁיalone = David, 1 S 20:27 , 30 ,
31 ; 22:7 , 8 , 9 , 13 ; 25:10 2 S 20:1 1 K 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16 , 1 Ch 12:18 ;
֑ ָ ֶגּוַע יIs 11:1 ; ִשׁי
ִשׁי ַ שֹׁרֶשׁ יv 10 of Jesse as ancestor of future (Messianic) king †
.
ָשׁיב
ִ יS 3437 GK 3806
n.pr. v. יָשׁוּבsub שׁוב.
)ִשּׁיָּה(וּ
ִ יv. נשׁה.
†[ ָשׁם
ַ יS 3456
TWOT 927
GK 3815
—) ָשׁמַםQal Impf. 3
] vb. be desolate ( cf.
ַ תּEz 12:19 ; ֵשׁ֑ם
fs. ֵשׁם ָ תּGn 47:19 ; וַ ֵתּ֫ ַשׁםEz 19:7 ; 3 fpl. ִישׁ֑ ְמנָה
ָ תּ6:6 ( Co
—;) תֵּשׁמנהbe desolate , subj. ארץEz 12:19 ; 19:7 ; subj. ֲא ָדמָהGn 47:19 ( J ); subj.
במותEz 6:6 .
† [ ָה
ְשׁימ
ִ יS 3451
TWOT 927a
GK 3809
] n. f. desolation , only intens. pl.
ְשׁימוֹת
ִ יψ 55:16 Kt ( Qr ַשּׁיא ָמוֶת ִ ) י, so Ges Hup al. , cf. n.pr.loc. בית
הישׁימותsupr. p. 111 b ; Ew Ol Pe De al. follow Qr , let death come
deceitfully upon them , v. II. נשׁא.
† ְשׁימוֹן
ִ יS 3452 TWOT 927b
GK 3810
n. m. waste, wilderness ;— abs. ְשׁימוֹן
ִי
1 S 23:19 + 5 times; ְשׁימֹן
ִ יNu 21:20 + 3 times; ְשׁמוֹן
ִ יIs 43:19 ; ְשׁמֹן
ִ יDt 32:10
; cstr. ְשׁימוֹן
ִ יψ 107:4 ;— waste, wilderness: a. c. art., alm. n.pr. Nu 21:20
(commanded by Pisgah), 23:28 (by Pe‛or; both JE), frequented by David as an
outlaw 1 S 23:19 , 24 ; 26:1 , 3 . Probably some part of the wilderness of Judah,
bordering on Dead Sea (Conder Tent Work, ch. 15 ; Buhl Geogr. § 61 ); according to others,
at least in Nu. ( v. Di ), part of the ‛Arábah NE. of the Dead Sea (in which was ֵית בּ
ְשׁימֹת
ִ ַהי Nu 33:49 al. ) b. without art., a waste or wilderness (only poet.), of scene
† ִשׁמָא
ְ יS 3457 GK 3816
n.pr. m. a name in Judah 1 Ch 4:3 ; Ραγμα , A
Ιεσμα , L Σαμαα .
ִשׁ ָמעֵאל
ְ יS 3458 GK 3817
, )עיָה(וּ
ְ ִשׁ ַמ
ְ יS 3460
GK 3820
v. שׁמע.
ִשׁ ְמרַי
ְ יS 3461 GK 3821
v. שׁמר.
†[ ָשׁן
ֵי S 3462 , 3463 , 3464 , 8153 TWOT 928 , 928a , 928c GK 3822 , 3823 , 3825 , 3826 ] vb. sleep (
NH id. ; Aramaic n. sleep; Arabic be sleepy , sleep; Assyrian šittu , sleep , Dl HWB 246 ,
šunatu, šuttu , dream , Id ib , Flood iv. 22 Asrb. Annals, v R. 2, 97 ) — Qal Pf. ִי ָשׁנְתּ
ַ יJb 3:13
; ָֽשׁנוּ
ְ וְיconsec. Je 51:39 + 2 times; Impf. ִישׁ֑ן
ָ י Is 5:27 ψ 121:4 ; ִישׁן
ַ וַיּ1 K 19:5 ,
etc.; Inf. cstr. לִישׁוֹן Ec 5:11 ;— sleep, go to sleep , and be asleep , Gn 2:21 ( J ),
41:5 ( E ), Ez 34:25 Jb 3:13 ψ 3:6 ; 4:9 Pr 4:16 Ec 5:11 , also 2 S 4:6 We
Dr Kit Bu , vid. ; חֹמֶשׁc. לֹא, of Assyrian army Is 5:27 ( || ;) נוּםof Baal 1 K
ַ אֲדֹנָי עוּרָה ָלמָּה תψ 44:24 ; ִישׁ֑ן
19:5 ; of י׳, ִישׁן ָ לֹא י121:4 ( || ;) נוּםc. acc. cogn.
ישׁ׳ ְשׁנַת עוֹלָםJe 51:39 , 57 ( v. ) ֵשׁנָה, of death, cf. ִישׁן ַ ַה ָמּוֶת אψ 13:4 . Niph only
in deriv. sense of become inactive or stationary; Pf. ֶם ְנוֹשׁנְתּ
ַ וconsec. Dt 4:25 and ye
be grown old ֶץ בָּאָר, i.e. ( v. Di Dr ) have lost freshness of first impressions; of
inanimate things, be old, stale , only Pt. נוֹשׁן
ָ ָשׁן ָ יLv 26:10 ( H ), f. נוֹשׁנֶת ֶ צרעתLv
13:11 = old leprosy ( P ); these poss. denom. from ָשׁן ָ י. Pi causat. Impf. ַשּׁנֵהוְּ וַ ְתּיJu
16:19 and she made him sleep .
† I. ָשׁן
ֵ יS 3462 , 3463 , 3464 , 8153
TWOT 928 , 928a , 928c
GK 3822 , 3823 , 3825 , 3826
adj.
sleeping ;— ms. ָשׁן
ֵי 1 S 26:7 + 3 times, fs. ְשׁנָה
ֵי 1 K 3:20 Ct 5:2 ; pl. ְשׁנִים
ֵי
1 S 26:12 Ct 7:10 ; cstr. ְשׁנֵי
ֵי Dn 12:2 ;— asleep, sleeping 1 S 26:7 , 12 1 K
3:20 Ct 5:2 ; 7:10 ; so, fig. , Ho 7:6 , expl. as = ְשׁן
ַ יֶעsmoketh , cf. Dt 29:19 , by
RS JPhil. xvi. 1888, 72; Proph. iv, n. 19
Che with ֶם
( אַ ְפּהGes § 91. 1. R. 1 a
) for ֶם
; אֹ ֵפהbut
< We , their anger sleepeth; of Baal 1 K 18:27 ; in sim. of י׳ψ 78:65 ; of dead, as
sleeping in dust, Dn 12:2 .
† II. ָשׁן
ֵ יS 3462 , 3463 , 3464 , 8153 TWOT 928 , 928a , 928c
GK 3822 , 3823 , 3825 , 3826
n.pr. m.
one of David’s heroes, 2 S 23:32 = ָשׁם
ֵה 1 Ch 11:34 (in both del. ְבּנֵיas dittogr.,
We Dr Bu ); v. ָשׁם
ֵ ה, and גוּנִי.
† ָשׁן ָ יS 3465 TWOT 928b GK 3824 adj. old ( orig., as it seems, withered, flabby ,
like a lifeless plant with top hanging down, as if in sleep; cf. Niph. supr. , and NH
יָ ַשׁןPi. let a thing grow old ) — ָשׁן
ָ יLv 25:22 + 3 times; f. ְשׁנָה
ָ יIs 22:11 + 2
times; pl. ְשׁנִים
ָי Ct 7:14 ;— old: ָה
ְשׁנָה ַה ְבּ ֵרכ
ָ ַהיIs 22:11 ; ְשׁנָה
ָ ַהי ַשׁעַר Ne 3:6 ;
so 12:39 ; of choice fruits, Ct 7:14 ( opp. ;) חדשׁ subst. old harvest, store , Lv
25:22 ( ×2 ) ; 26:10 ( ×2 )
† ְשׁנָה
ָ יS 3466 GK 3827
n.pr.loc. town on southern border of N. Israel, near
Bethel, 2 Ch 13:19 ; so read also 1 S 7:12 f or MT ַשּׁן
ֵה We Dr Klo Kit Bu ;
JAs Avr.-Juin, 1870, 490–501
mod. ‛Ain Siniya , 5 m. N. of Beitun, Cl. Ganneau Socin ZPV
i, 1878, 41
Buhl Geogr. § 95, p. 173 .
† ֵשׁנָהS 8142 , 8153 TWOT 928c GK 3822 , 9104 , ֵשׁנָאS 8142 TWOT 928c GK 9097 ,
ְשׁנָתn. f. sleep ;— ֵשׁנָהψ 90:5 + 3 times; ֵשׁנָאψ 127:2 , ְשׁנָתψ 132:4 ( Ges §
80 g.h.
); cstr. ְשׁנַת Je 51:39 + 3 times; ִי
ְשׁנָתGn 31:40 Je 31:26 , etc.; pl. abs.
ֵשׁנוֹת Pr 6:10 ; 24:33 ;— sleep Gn 28:16 ( J ), Ju 16:14 , 20 Pr 3:24 ; 6:9 ;
20:13 Ec 5:11 Je 31:26 Zc 4:1 ; Pr 6:4 ( || ָה
תְּנוּמוֹת ;) תְּנוּמ ְמעַט ֵשׁנוֹת ְמעַט Pr
6:10 = 24:33 (these two of sluggard ֵל
ָעצ ; אִישׁ v. also 6:9 ; 20:13 ); note also
וַ ִתּדַּד ְשׁנָתִי ֵמעֵי ֑נָיGn 31:40 ( E ) and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽ ֲדדָה ְשׁנַת
ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךEst 6:1 ; ְשׁנָתָם וְנִגְזְלָהPr 4:16 ; וּשׁנָתוֹ נִ ְהיְתָה ָעלָיו
ְ Dn 2:1 ; אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה
ֵשׁנָה ְבּעֵינָיוEc 8:16 ; אִם ֶאתֵּן ְשׁנָת ְלעֵינָ֑יψ 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן
לִידִידוֹ ֵשׁ ֑נָאψ 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep , cf. Ges § 118, 3 ; of sleep
of death (so Arabic Dozy ii, 806 ) Jb 14:12 ψ 90:5 ( cf. De Che ); so, as acc.
cogn. , ψ 76:6 Je 51:39 , 57 (in these two ָם ) ְשׁנַת־עוֹל. ֶשׁנוֹ
ְ יv. יֵשׁ.
†[ ָשׁע
ַי S 3467 TWOT 929 GK 3828 ] vb. Hiph. deliver ; Niph. intrans. and pass. (
Arabic be capacious , II. make wide, spacious , IV. make sufficient , v. VIII. be or live in
abundance ( v. Dr 1 S 14:45 ) Ph. n.pr. ; ישעSab. ֿע ( יתroyal epith.), n.pr. אליתֿע
So A. Socin.
; 119:94 , 146 ; 138:7 Pr 20:22 ; the king ψ 20:7 , 10 ; David 2 S 8:6 , 14 1 Ch 18:6
, 13 ; thy servant ψ 86:2 , 16 ; חסיד12:2 ; ח
ַ ַדּ ְכּאֵי־רוּ34:19 ; צדיקים37:40 ; חוֹסִים
17:7 ; י׳ יראי145:19 ; עם עני18:28 = 2 S 22:28 ; ַענְוֵי־ ֶארֶץψ 76:10 ; ישׁרי לב
7:11 ; ֵינַיִם
ַשׁח עJb 22:29 ; accordingly God is מוֹשׁי ַע
ִ saviour Is 43:11 ; 45:15 , 21 ;
63:8 Ho 13:4 ; ִי מֹשׁע
ִ 2 S 22:3 ; מוֹשׁיעָם ִ ψ 106:21 ; מוֹשׁיעוֹ
ִ Je 14:8 ; מוֹשׁי ֲע ָך ִ Is
43:3 ; 49:26 ; 60:16 Je 30:10 = 46:27 ; is with his people ע ַ ְהוֹשׁי
ִ לJe 15:20 ; 30:11 ;
42:11 ; עַ ְהוֹשׁי
ִ רַב לIs 63:1 ; ְהוֹשׁי ֵענִי
ִ בֵּית מְצוּדוֹת לψ 31:3 ; Isr. prays הוֹשׁיעָה יְמִינְ ָך
ִ
O save with thy right hand ψ 60:7 = 108:7 , cf. Is 59:1 ; that from wh. one is saved
constr. c. ִן
מ: ִמיַּדEx 14:30 ( J ) Ju 2:18 ; 10:12 1 S 7:8 2 S 3:18 2 K 19:19 =
Is 37:20 , ψ 106:10 2 Ch 32:22 ; ָס
ֵמ ָחמ2 S 22:3 ֵמ ֶחרֶבJb 5:15 ; ִמכָּל־צָרוֹתψ 34:7 ;
ִמכָּל־רָעוֹת1 S 10:19 ; ִמ ָצּרֵינוּψ 44:8 ; ִמפִּי אַ ְריֵה22:22 ; משֹּׁ ְפטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ109:31 ;
ְשׁי ָדמִים
ֵ מֵאַנ59:3 ; ִממְּצוּקוֹת107:13 , 19 . c. there is no other salvation, the sword
saves not ψ 44:7 , or a nation La 4:17 , or astrologers Is 47:13 , or Asshur Ho 14:4 , or
other gods Is 45:20 ; 46:7 Je 2:28 . 2. save from moral troubles , only in Ez. ִכֹּלמ
מוֹשׁבֹתֵיהֶם
ְ (read, with Co Da al. , ֶם
) מְשׁוּבוֹתֵיה37:13 ; ֻטמְאוֹתֵי ֶבם מִכֹּל36:29 .
3. give victory to: a. of man , c. ל ְ pers. , give victory to , c. agent subj. יַדJu 7:2 1 S
25:26 , 33 , יַדom. v 31 ; ִין יָמJb 40:14 ; זְרוֹ ַעψ 44:4 . b. of God , with ְלpers. , subj.
יָמִיןψ 98:1 ; זְרוֹ ַעIs 59:16 ; 63:5 ; Yahweh 1 Ch 18:6 , with acc. v 13 ; abs. gain
victory 1 S 14:6 ; 17:47 ; ָה ַיּוֹשׁע תְּשׁוּעָה גְדוֹל
ַ ו1 Ch 11:14 .
, also safety, welfare ;— שׁעַ ֵ ֫יψ 20:7 + 4 times; ֫יֶ ַשׁעJb 5:11 + 4 times; sf. ִשׁעִי
ְי
2 S 22:3 + 11 times, + 14 times sfs. ;— 1. safety, welfare, prosperity 2 S 23:5 ψ
12:6 Jb 5:4 , 11 . 2. salvation , i.e. primarily physical rescue, by God, often with
added spiritual idea: Is 62:11 ψ 69:14 ; 85:8 , 10 ; ִים ֵשׁע אֱלֹה
ַ יsalvation from
God ψ 50:23 ; used as infin. with acc. ֵשׁע
ַ ְלי Hb 3:13 ( ×2 )
(see Ew § 239 a
);
accordingly Yahweh is ִי
ִשׁע
ְ אוֹרִי וְיmy light and my salvation ψ 27:1 ; ישׁע צוּר
95:1 ; ישׁע ֶקרֶן18:3 = 2 S 22:3 ; אֱלֹהֵי ישׁעIs 17:10 Mi 7:7 Hb 3:18 ψ
18:47 = ֵי צוּר ישׁע אֱלֹה2 S 22:47 , ψ 24:5 ; 25:5 ; 27:9 ; 65:6 ; 79:9 ; 85:5 1
Ch 16:35 ; מגֵן ישׁ׳ָ ψ 18:36 = 2 S 22:36 ; על אלהים ישׁעיψ 62:8 ; || ְצ ָדקָהIs
ָ ִ֑שׁ ֶע
45:8 ; 51:5 ; 61:10 ; ך ְ ְשׂשׂוֹן יψ 51:14 joy of thy salvation; כֹּ ֲהנֶי ָה אַ ְל ִבּישׁ ישׁ׳
132:16 her priests will I clothe with salvation . 3. victory; ִינוֹ
ְשׁע יְמ
ַ גְּבוּרוֹת יψ
20:7 the mighty deeds of the victory of his right hand .
† I. ע
ַ שׁוֹS 7771 , 7772
TWOT 929c
GK 8777 , 8778 , 8779
adj. ( free ), independent,
noble (in station) ( according to most from second. √ = שׁוע ישׁע, in sense of
Arabic ( cf. תְּשׁוּעָהinfr. ); but actual existence of such a √ not proven; Thes allows
— ) יְשׁוֹ ַע = שׁוֹ ַעnoble , of rank (and, by implic., of character) Is 32:5 ( || נָדִיב,
opp. ַי) כִּיל, Jb 34:19 ( Di al. rich , but || ָשׂרִיםopp. ) דַּל.— II. שׁוֹ ַעIs 22:5 , v.
sub [ שׁוַע
ָ ]. III. שׁוֹ ַעn.pr. gent. Ez 23:23 , v. שׁ׳.
† I. ע
ַ שׁוּS 7769 , 7770
TWOT 2348a
GK 8780 , 8781 , 8782
n.pr. m. father of Judah’s
wife, Σαυα , Gn 38:2 and (after cstr. ) בַּתv 12 1 Ch 2:3 ; v. בַּת־שׁוּעp.
124 supr. , and cf. on meaning ע
ַ ( ֲאבִי)שׁוּp. 4 , ( ֱאלִי)שׁוּ ַעp. 46 .
II. שׁוּ ַע S 7769 , 7770
TWOT 2348a
GK 8780 , 8781 , 8782
n. [ m. ] opulence? ( cf.
Arabic ) —so AE al. Jb 30:24 (?) 36:19 ; but < v. sub [ שׁוַע
ָ ].
† ִשׁעִי
ְ יS 3469 GK 3831
n.pr. m. ( salutary ) — 1. one of the line of Jerahmeel 1
( ×2 )
Ch 2:31 , Ισεμιηλ , A Ιεσει , L Ιεσσουει . 2. a chief of Manasseh 1
Ch 5:24 , Σεει, Ιεσ(σ)ει . 3. a chief of Judah 1 Ch 4:20 . 4. a chief of Simeon 1
Ch 4:42 .
ְשׁ ְעיָ֫הוּ
ַ יS 3470 GK 3833
n.pr. m. ( salvation of Yah; cf. ִישׁע ָ ֱאלp. 46 supr. ;
ישעאלon scarab ClGann JAs 1883, Fev.–Mars, 135, No. 8
) — 1. Isaiah, son of ’Amôṣ , the
prophet: Is 1:1 + 15 times Is., 2 K 19:2 + 12 times K ., 2 Ch 26:22 ; 32:20 , 32 ,
Ησαιας , B Isaias . † 2. one of the children of Jeduthun 1 Ch 25:3 , 15 ,
Ισαια , etc. † 3. a Levite ancestor of one of David’s treasurers 1 Ch 26:25 ,
Ωσαιας , L Ιωσηε .
† הוֹשׁ ַע
ֵ S 1954
GK 2107
n.pr. m. ( salvation; on form, cf. ַשׁמֵד ְ ה, ְשׁל
ֵ ; ַהמon
pronunciation v. Hpt ZA ii, 261 Anm. 2
Jäger BAS i, 468
) — 1. orig. name of Joshua
according to Nu 13:8 , 16 ( P ), Αυση , cf. Dt 32:44 ( J ; prob. error, v. Dr ),
Ιησους , v. יְהוֹשׁוּ ַעp. 221 supr. 2. last king of Israel 2 K 15:30 ; 17:1 , 3 , 4
( ×2 )
, 6 ; 18:1 , 9 , 10 , Ωσηε . 3. the prophet Hosea Ho 1:1 , 2 , Ωσηε . 4.
an Ephraimite chief under David 1 Ch 27:20 , Ωση(ε) . 5. a chief under
Nehemiah Ne 10:24 , Ωσηθα, Ωσηε .
† הוֹשׁ ֲעיָה
ַ n.pr. m. ( Yah has saved ) — 1. a prince of Judah Ne 12:32 ,
Ωσαια . 2. father of Azariah or Jezaniah, a chief in time of Jeremiah Je 42:1 ; 43:2
Μαασ(σ)αιος , etc.
AE Aben Ezra.
ְהוֹשׁ ַע
ֻ יS 3091 GK 3397
,ע
ַ יְשׁוּn.pr. , see p. 221 .
† [ ַה
מוֹשׁע
ָ ] n. f. only pl. מוֹשׁעוֹת
ָ saving acts ψ 68:21 .
† ֵישׁע
ַ מ S 4338
GK 4795
n.pr. m. ( deliverance ) —Mesha, king of Moab 2 K 3:4
= משע MI 1
; Μωσα .— v. Sm and So MI , 1886
Dr Sm lxxxv ff.
† ֵישׁע
ָ מ S 4337
GK 4796
n.pr. m. ( deliverance ) —son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:42 ,
Μαρεισα , Sלּ Μουσα .
† תְּשׁוּעָה S 8668
TWOT 929e
GK 9591
(† ְשׁעָה
ֻתּ 2 S 19:3 ) n. f. deliverance,
salvation = ( יְשׁוּעָהformed by false anal., as if from √ שׁוע, in sense of ; ישׁע
most assign it to שׁוע, but no sufficient evidence for existence of such a √ ; cf. Kö ii
. 200
) — abs. ת׳1 S 11:9 + 19 times; cstr. Je 3:23 + 5 times; sf. תְּשׁוּ ָעתִיIs
46:13 + 2 times; ך ָ תְּשׁוּעָֽ ְתψ 40:11 + 2 times; תְּשׁוּעָת֑ ָךv 17 ; 71:15 ;— 1.
deliverance , usually by God, through human agency, especially from oppression 1 S
11:9 , and in battle 1 Ch 19:12 ( הוֹשׁיעin || cl.), = victory Ju 15:18 ( בּיַד
ְ נָ ַת ָתּ ת׳
) וגו׳, 2 K 5:1 , י׳ עשׂה ת׳ י׳wrought a great victory , so 19:5 2 S 19:3
1 S 11:13
; 23:10 , 12 1 Ch 11:14 (as acc. cogn. after ) הושׁיע, Pr 21:31 ψ 33:17 ( נושׁע
in || v 16 ); ֵן ת׳ למלכים הַנּוֹת144:10 ; so in phr. חֵץ־ת׳ ליהוה2 K 13:17 , חֵץ־ת׳
ַבּ ֲארָםv 17 ; of national deliverance , from exile, ִשׂ ָראֵל ת׳ עולמים ְ נוֹשׁע י
ַ Is
45:17 ( Da Synt. § 67 b
), 46:13 ( || ָה
) ְצ ָדק, v 13 ( c. ;) ִתּ ְפ ֶארֶת || ; נתןin gen. of
national success and prosperity Je 3:23 Pr 11:14 = 24:6 ; of deliverance from
personal trouble ψ 37:39 La 3:26 ( ַת י׳) תְּשׁוּע, or of national deliverance under
fig. of personal ψ 40:11 ( || ך
ָ ) אֱמוּנָֽ ְתv 17 71:15 ( || ) ְצ ָדקָה, so תְּשׁוּ ְעתִי י׳
38:23 ; contrasted with ’ י׳s deliverance is ַת אָדָם
תְּשׁוּעdeliverance of ( through )
man ψ 60:13 = 108:13 , cf. 146:3 2. more exclusively spiritual in sense, =
salvation , appear to be ִי
אֱלֹהֵי תְשׁוּ ָעתψ 51:16 , 119:41 ( || ) ֲח ָס ֶד ָך, v 81 , and
כֹּ ֲהנֶי ָך יְִלבְּשׁוּ ת׳ 2 Ch 6:41 (from ֵשׁע
ַ אלבישׁ י כהניה ψ 132:16 ).
† ָֽשׁפֶה
ְ יn. [ m. ] jasper ( loan-word from Pers. ; so Arabic Lane 2978
, also
(and on forms ) Frey ; perhaps Assyrian ašpû Dl HA 36, HWB 147
) — ְשׁישׁ
ִ ַתּר
ָֽשׁ ֵפ֑ה
ְ וְשֹׁהַם וְי Ex 28:20 ; 39:13 (both P ) beryl and onyx and jasper ( v. Di );
ָֽשׁ ֶפ֔ה
ְ ( וְי+ id. ) Ez 28:13 ( v. Sm ).
ִשׁפָּה
ְ יS 3472 GK 3834
v. sub ָן ; שׁפה
ִשׁפּ
ְ יv. sub שׁפן.
† ָשׁר
ַ יS 3474
TWOT 930
GK 3837
vb. be smooth, straight, right ( NH id. , and
deriv.; Arabic be gentle, tractable, easy , II. make easy; manageable, easy; but Sab. ותֿר
, ֿר
הות, יתֿרן אהל Os ZMG 1865, 270
CIS iv, 29, 2
; Assyrian išâru , be or go straight, right
, mêšêru , justice , mêšêriš , righteously , Dl ) — Qal Pf. ָשׁר
HWB 310
ַ יJe 18:4 + 2
times; 3 f. ָשׁׁרָה ְ יJu 14:3 Hb 2:4 ; 3 mpl. ָֽשׁרוּ
ְ י1 K 9:12 ; Impf. ִישׁר ַ יNu
23:27 + 2 times; ִשׁר ַ י1 S 18:20 , 26 ; 3 fs. ִישׁר
ַ תּJu 14:7 ; 3 fpl. ִשּׁ ְרנָה
ַ י1 S 6:12 (
Ges § 47 k 71 )— 1. go straight , ך ְ ַבּ ֶדּ ֶרin the way 1 S 6:12 . 2. fig. , be pleasing,
agreeable, right ( ֵינֵי ְבּעin the eyes of ); said of a woman Ju 14:3 , 7 ; a man Je 27:5 ; of
matters and things ( ָר ) ַה ָדּב1 S 18:20 , 26 2 S 17:4 1 Ch 13:4 2 Ch 30:4 ; of cities 1
K 9:12 ; a place ִים ְבּעֵינֵי ָהאֱלֹהNu 23:27 ( E ); with ֲשׁר ֶ ַכּאJe 18:4 . 3. in ethical
sense, straightforward, upright; ְשׁוֹ בּוֹ ָֽשׁרָה נַפ
ְ לֹא־יHb 2:4 his soul is not upright in
him ( opp. ָה ֻע ְפּלswollen ). Pi. Pf. 1 ִשּׁ֑ ְרתִּי ָ יψ 119:128 ( ִשׁרֵהוּ ְ יJb 37:3 , 3 m. sf.
Thes ; but < Ew Di Hi De Da , Impf. from ָה ;) ָשׁרImpf. ַשּׁר ֵ יְיPr 3:6 ; ַשּׁר־ ֶ יְי
15:21 ; sf. ֵם ַשּׁרְ ( וַיְיMas abbrev. ַשּׁרֵם ְ ) וַּיּ2 Ch 32:30 ; 3 fs. ַשּׁר ֶ ְתּיPr 11:4 ; 1 s.
ַשּׁר
ֵ ֲאיIs 45:13 ; ַשּׁר ֵ ֲאיv 2 Qr ( Kt Hiph. אוֹ ִשׁרGes § 70, 2
doubtless copyist’s error);
Imv. pl. ַשּׁרוּ ְ י40:3 ; Pt. pl. ַשּׁרִים ְ ְמיPr 9:15 ;— 1. make smooth, straight , acc.
ְמ ִסלָּהIs 40:3 ; הֲדוּרִים45:2 ; fig. , with ֶדּ ֶר ְך, make smooth or straight , i.e. free from
obstacles, successful v 13 Pr 11:5 , ַח אֹר3:6 ; in ethical sense, ַשּׁרִים אָרְחוֹתָם ְ ַה ְמי
9:15 those making straight their paths , going straightforward on their paths; ֶת ַשּׁר־ ָל֑כֶ יְי
15:21 maketh straight his going, goeth straightforwards . 2. lead straight along, direct ,
waters of an aqueduct 2 Ch 32:30 ; (of the thunder Jb 37:3 according to some; but v.
) ָשׁר. 3. esteem right, approve ψ 119:128 (read ִשּׁ֑ ְרתִּי
rather ָה ָ ) כל פקודיך לי י. Pu. Pt.
ֻשּׁר
ָ עַל־ ַה ְמּ ֻחקֶּה זָהָד ְמי 1 K 6:35 gold made level, laid smoothly out, upon the graven
work . Hiph. Impf. 3 pl. ְשׁרוּ נְֶג ֶדּ֑ ָך
ִ ַע ְפ ַעפֶּי ָך יַיPr 4:25 let thine eyelids look straight
before thee; Imv. ֑ ַהיְ֯ ַשׁר ַדּ ְר ֶכּ ָךmake thy way even ψ 5:9 Qr ( Kt הוֹשׁר ַ ; v. Ges 70
(2)
).
† ָשׁר
ָ יS 3477 TWOT 930a
GK 3838 , 3839
adj. straight, right ;— י׳1 S 29:6 + 70
times; cstr. ְשׁרַ יPr 29:27 ; f. ְשׁרָה
ָ יEz 1:7 + 4 times; pl. ְשׁרִים
ָי Nu 23:10 + 31
times; cstr. ִשׁרֵי
ְ יψ 7:11 + 8 times; f. ְשׁרוֹתָ יEz 1:23
( del. Co );— 1. straight,
level , of a way Is 26:7 Je 31:9 ψ 107:7 Ezr 8:21 ; foot Ez 1:7 ; wings v 23 (?
v. supr. ) 2. right, pleasing: a. to God , ָשׁר בעיני
ָ ַהיּthat which is right, pleasing in
the eyes of, agreeable to (either cstr. before י׳, or with sfs. referring to him),
especially in Deut. writers, Ex 15:26 ( R ), Dt 12:25 ; 13:19 ; 21:9 1 K 11:33 , 38
; 14:8 , 15:5 , 11 ; 22:43 = 2 Ch 20:32 , 2 K 10:30 , 12:3 ; 14:3 ; 15:3 , 34 ;
16:2 ; 18:3 ; 22:2 = 2 Ch 24:2 ; 25:2 ; 26:4 ; 27:2 ; 28:1 ; 29:2 ; 34:2 , Je
34:15 ; הישׁר והטוב בעיני י׳Dt 6:18 ; הטוב והישׁר בעיני י׳12:28 2 Ch 14:1 ;
הטוב והישׁר והאמח לפני י׳ 31:20 . b. to man , בעיני (ה)ישׁרDt 12:8 Ju 17:6 ;
21:25 2 S 19:7 Je 40:5 Pr 12:15 ; 21:2 ; (ה)טוב ו(ה)ישׁר בעיניJos 9:25 ( D ),
Je 26:14 ; 40:4 ; ִישׁ ָשׁר ִל ְפנֵי־א
ָ יֵשׁ ֶדּ ֶר ְך יPr 14:12 there is a way which is pleasing
before a man = 16:25 . 3. straightforward, just, upright: a. of God , ָשׁר ָ ַצדִּיק וְי
הוּאDt 32:4 (song); טוב וישׁר י׳ψ 25:8 ; ישׁר י׳92:16 ; his ways Ho 14:10 ; his
משׁפטיםNe 9:13 ψ 119:137 ; פִּקּוּדִים19:9 ; ָדּבָר33:4 ; the words of divine
wisdom Pr 8:9 . b. of man , God made him upright Ec 7:29 ; but בּאָדָם אָ֑יִן ָ ָשׁר
ָ יMi
7:2 an upright man among men there is none , and yet Job is ָשׁר ָ תָּם וְיJb 1:1 ( v.
Da ), v 8 ; 2:3 , cf. ψ 37:37 ; ך וישׁר ְ ַ זJb 8:6 ; so earlier of David as an
uprightman 1 S 29:6 ; of man’s doings || ך ְ ַ זPr 20:11 , cf. 21:8 ; of his way of life ||
טובה1 S 12:23 ; ְשׁר־ ֶדּ ֶר ְך ַ יPr 29:27 ; ִשׁרִי־ ֶד ֶר ְך ְ יψ 37:14 ; of his heart, mind, and
will, ָב
ִשׁרֵי ֵלב ְ יupright of heart 2 Ch 29:34 ; ִשׁרֵי־לֵב ְ רψ 7:11 ; 11:2 ; 32:11 ;
36:11 ; 64:11 ; 94:15 ; 97:11 ; ָם ְשׁרִים ְבּלִבּוֹת ָ י125:4 . c. as a noun, (1) with ref. to
things, ִי
ָשׁר ֶה ֱעוֵיתָ יthe right I have perverted Jb 33:27 ; ְשׁרָה יְַע ֵקּ֑שׁוּ ָ ַהיMi 3:9
pervert the right (lit. twist that which is straight ); ִים ְשׁרָ דֹּבֵר יspeaketh right things
Pr 16:13 , cf. 2 K 10:15 . (2) more commonly of men, in sg. ָשׁר ָ (ה)יMi 2:7 ; 7:4
2 K 10:3 Pr 21:29 Jb 23:7 ; collective, ψ 11:7 ; also in ֶר ָשׁר ֵספ
ָ ַהיּbook of the
Intr. 182
upright Jos 10:13 2 S 1:18 ( cf. 1 K 8:53 ; Dr ), a collection of
ancient national poetry; in pl. ִים
ְשׁר
ָ יthe upright , of pious Israel Nu 23:10 (song
E ); elsewhere of the upright among the people of God as distinguished from the
wicked, in WisdLt , Jb 4:7 ; 17:8 Pr 2:7 , 21 ; 3:32 ; 11:3 , 6 , 11 ; 12:6 ; 14:9 ,
11 ; 15:8 , 19 ; 16:17 ; 21:18 ; 28:10 ; 29:10 , in late ψ ψ 33:1 ; 49:15 ; 107:42 ;
111:1 ; 112:2 , 4 ; 140:14 and Dn 11:17 . 4. abstr. , uprightness , ָשׁר ָ ֶבּ ֱאמֶת וְיψ
111:8 ( Thes ), but read rather ישׁר
ֶ with Hi Ri Bae , after S Jer .
Ri E. Riehm.
Pr 14:2 ; ִי
ישׁר־ ִלבּ
ֶ Jb 33:3 ; לבב ישׁר Dt 9:5 ψ 119:7 1 Ch 29:17 :—on ψ 111:8
v. ָשׁר
ָ י4. 3. what is due, right Jb 33:23 Pr 11:24 .
† [ ָהְשׁר
ָ יS 3483 TWOT 930c GK 3842 ] n. f. uprightness ;— ֵלבָב ִשׁרַת
ְ ְבּי 1K
3:6 (for form see Bö § 644 a Kö § 90 (ii, 170) ).
† ְשׁרוּן
ֻ יS 3484 TWOT 930d
GK 3843
n.pr. m. ( upright one ) Dt 32:15 ; 33:5 ,
26 Is 44:2 ; poetic name of Israel, designating it under its ideal character, ὁ
ἠγαπημένος Aq Sym Theod εὐθύς , B rectissimus, dilectus; Thes Ew § 167 a
Lag BN 33
regard it as dimin. from = יָשׁוּרgood little people; but no evidence that -
וּןhas a dimin. force, and most recent scholars De Di Dr MV Ges § 86 (2), 4
take
as denom. = Rechtvolk; Bacher ZAW v, 1885, 161 ff.
and Che rightly compare ֵספֶר
ָשׁר
ָ ( ַהיּsee ָשׁר
ָ י3 e ).
† [ ֵישׁר
ָ מS 4339
TWOT 930e
GK 4797
] n. m. evenness, uprightness, equity ;—
only pl. : ִים
ֵשׁרָ מPr 1:3 ; elsewhere ֵישׁרִים
ָ מIs 26:7 + 17 times;— 1. evenness,
level Is 26:7 , of path of righteous (in the future), fig. for free from difficulties;
smoothness , of the flow of wine, ֵם׳ בּPr 23:31 ; לם׳Ct 7:10 ; 2. in ethical sense,
uprightness, equity , as taught in the school of wisdom Pr 8:6 , || ֶק
ֶצד1:3 ; 2:9 ; of
government (ב)ם׳ψ 9:9 ; 58:2 ; 75:3 ; 96:10 ; 98:9 ; 99:4 ; of speech Is 33:15
Pr 23:16 ; of Yahweh’s promises Is 45:19 ; ם׳ רצה 1 Ch 29:17 have pleasure in
equity; ם׳
עשׂהDn 11:6 make an equitable arrangement . 3. adv. rightly , with
חזהψ 17:2 ; אהבCt 1:4 .
† מִישׁוֹר S 4334
TWOT 930f
GK 4793
n. m. Je 48:8 level place, uprightness ;—
ם׳ ψ 27:11 + 9 times; ִישֹׁר
מZc 4:7 ( v. Baer) + 12 times;— 1. 3 antith. )הר(ימ
1 K 20:23 , 25 Zc 4:7 ; ָקֹב
עIs 40:4 ; ַשּׁים
ִ ַמ ֲעק42:16 ; + ְשׁ ֵפלָה2 Ch 26:10 ; ||
ֵעמֶק Je 21:13 ; ִישׁוֹר ַהמּspecifically of the elevated plateau or 3 between the Arnon
and Heshbon Dt 3:10 ; 4:43 Jos 13:9 , 16 , 17 , 21 ; 20:8 Je 48:8 , 21 . 2. level
place (free from obstacles), fig. for place of safety, comfort, and prosperity ψ 26:12
† ָשׁרוֹן S 8289
GK 9227
n.pr.loc. Sharon ( plausibly connected with √ ישׁרby
Thes Ges 12
al. , cf. GASm Geogr. 52
; = *ְשׁרוֹנ
ָ; י Ph. — ) שרןstrictly n. m.
Is 65:10 plain, level ;— 1. ַשּׁ׳
( הwith art.), name of maritime plain on Mediterr.,
from Joppa northward, noted for fertility, Is 33:9 ( || ָשׁן
ָ בּ, ; ַכּ ְרמֶל ὁ Σαρων ),
cf. ַשּׁרוֹן
ָ ֲהדַר ַבּ ְרמֶל וְה 35:2 ; 65:10 ( || ֶק
ֵעמ
; עָכוֹר τῳ̂ δρυμῳ̂ ); ַשּׁ׳ֲח ַב ֶצּלֶת ה
Ct 2:1 ( ἄνθος του̂ πεδίου ); ַשּׁ׳ ַה ָבּקָר הָרֹעִים בּ1 Ch 27:29 ; so also Jos 12:18
, where read ַשּׁ׳ ֶמ ֶל ְך ֲאפֵק לso Di We Sam. 55 Ges 12 after , cf. RS OTJC 2, 273,
435
.—On this plain v. GASm Geogr. 147 ff. Buhl Geogr. § 65 . 2. ְשׁי ֵ ָשׁרוֹן ִמְגרregion E.
of Jordan 1 Ch 5:16 ( || ָד ִגּ ְלע, ָשׁן
ָ; בּ τὰ περίχωρα Τεριαμ , A Σαρων );
identified by many with ִישׁוֹר ( ַהמּDt 3:10 ).
† ָשׁישׁ
ִ יS 3453 TWOT 931b
GK 3813
adj. aged , only Jb ( NH once ישׁים
ִ ָשׁ
ִ יold,
venerable men, Levy Jastr ) ;— abs. ָשׁישׁ
ִי Jb 15:10 ; pl. ישׁים
ִ ְשׁ
ִי 32:6 + 2
times;— aged , as pred. adj. Jb 32:6 ( opp. ;) ָצעִיר ְליָמִיםas subst. 15:10 ( ||
;) ָשׂב29:8 ( opp. ישׁים ָח ְכמָה ;) נערים
ִ ִישׁ
ִ בּ 12:12 among aged men is wisdom ( ||
) אֹ ֶר ְך יָמִים תְּבוּנָה.
† ישׁי
ַ ְשׁ
ִ יS 3454 GK 3814
n.pr. m. a Gileadite name 1 Ch 5:14 .
יתדTWOT 932
( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; Arabic drive in peg, be firm (of peg), is
appar. denom. )
† יָתֵדS 3489 TWOT 932a
GK 3845
n. f. Dt 23:14 Ju 4:21 peg, pin ( NH id. ;
Arabic ) — ֵד
יָתDt 23:14 + 9 times; cstr. יְתַד Ju 4:21 ; 16:14 (where c. art. but
v. Ges § 127, R. 4a
יְתֵדֹתEx 38:20 ; cstr. יִתְדֹת27:19 + 4 times; sf.
); pl.
וִיתֵידֹ ַתיְִךIs 54:2 ; יְתֵדֹתָיוEx 27:19 Is 33:20 ; וִיתֵדֹתֶי ָהEx 39:40 ; וִיתֵדֹתָם
Nu 3:37 ; 4:32 ;— pin, peg , especially a. 2 Ju 5:26 ; 4:21 ; ַד הָאֹהֶל יְתv 22 ;
read perhaps also Jb 4:21 ( fig. ; cf. II. ֶר ;) יֶתoften of tabernacle Ex 27:19 ( ×2 ) ;
35:18 ( ×2 ) ; 38:20 , 31 ( ×2 ) ; || ָיו
מֵי ָתר39:40 , cf. Nu 3:37 ; 4:32 (all P ); of Zion
under fig. of tent Is 33:20 ; 54:2 ; fig. of ruler as support of state Zc 10:4 . b. a
peg for hanging Ez 15:3 ; so fig. of Eliakim Is 22:23 , 24 ; of secure position Ezr
9:8 ( cf. Arabic, v. Thes Hi Hariri 361 Der. , of a king). c. for digging Dt 23:14 ( =
spade). d. the pin or stick used in beating up the woof in the loom Ju 16:14a , vid.
GFM PAOS , Oct. 1889, clxxvi. ff. ; in היתד הארגv b, del. ( היתדId. ib and in Comm. ad
loc.)
chastise; club; Ba NB 294 der. ת׳as loan-word from Assyrian tartaḫu ‘arrow’, but this
BAWb I 51–2
misread (s. Meissner and Ebeling Festschr. Oppenheim 33 ).
יתםTWOT 934
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic be alone, bereaved , Aramaic adj. and subst.
, יִתָּם = ; יָתוֹם vid. Lag BN 30
Ba NB 194
).
GFM G. F. Moore.
PAOS Proceedings of the American Oriental Society.
26:12 , 13 ; 27:19 ψ 94:6 ; 146:9 Je 7:6 ; 22:3 Zc 7:10 Mal 3:5 (in all these,
mentioned as helpless, exposed to injury, || מנָה
ָ אַ ְלand ;) גֵּרsimilarly, || אַ ְל ָמנָהJb
22:9 ; 24:3 ; 29:12 ; 31:17 ψ 68:6 Is 1:17 , 23 ; 9:16 ; 10:2 Je 49:11 Ez 22:7 ;
without אלמנהHo 14:4 Jb 6:27 ; 31:21 ψ 10:14 , 18 Pr 23:10 Je 5:28 (in no
case clear that both parents are dead).
יתןTWOT 935
( √ of foll.; cf. Arabic 2, especially of water, a permanent thing: Ph.
ירח אתנם CIS I. i. 86 A
; W PSBA 1886 (ix), 47
).
† I. ָן
אֵיתS 386 , 387
TWOT 935a , 935b
GK 419 , 420
, ָן
ֵאתadj. perennial, ever-
flowing, fig. permanent , as subst. steady flow, permanence ;— abs. אֵיתָן Gn
49:24 + 8 times; ָן
ֵאתJb 33:19 ; sf. אֵיתָנוֹ Ex 14:27 ; pl. אֵי ָתנִים Jb 12:19 ;
ֵא ָתנִים 1 K 8:2 Mi 6:2 ; (in form, an ‘elative,’ Ew § 162 b
= Arab. compar. and
superl.;— 1. 3 ( opp. ) אַ ְכזָב, נַחַל אֵיתָןAm 5:24 an 3 wādy , Dt 21:4 ( v. Dr ); as
subst. in ָן נַהֲרוֹת אֵיתψ 74:15 rivers of steady flow; as subst. also Ex 14:27 ( J ),
the sea returned ָנוֹ ְלאֵיתto its steady flow , יֶרַח ָהאֵי ָתנִים1 K 8:2 month of steady
flowings = 7th mo., Oct.–Nov. ( post-Bibl Tisri). 2. fig. permanent, enduring גּוֹי
אֵיתָן הוּאJe 5 ; 15 , i. e. a nation whose numbers never dwindle or fail, imperishable
, ָיו א׳
וְרִיב ֲע ָצמJb 33:19 Kt the strife of his bones is constant , Gn 49:24 his bow
abode ְא׳ בּas an enduring, firm , one, מוֹשׁׁ ְב ָך ָ א׳Nu 24:21 ( || ) ִשׂים ַבּ ֶסּלַע, נְזֵה
אֵיתָןJe 49:19 = 50:44 an abode of permanency (of Edom, and Babylon, suddenly
depopulated by foe, figured as lion); האיתנים מוסדי ארץMi 6:2 ye 3 ones, the
foundations of the earth (but read prob. with We אזִינוּ ֲ ) ַה, Jb 12:19 אֵי ָתנִים יְ ַסלֵּף
he subverteth them that are firmly seated (i.e. men established in hereditary offices or
dignities). Very uncertain is Pr 13:15 ָן
ֶדּ ֶר ְך בֹּגְדִים אֵית, perhaps firm, hard,
rugged ( Ew De Hi Now : according to Str . the text is corrupt).
W W. Wright.
q.v. ; יְדוּתוּןfor ָן
אֵיתin this group 1 Ch 25:1 , 6 2 Ch 5:12 ; 35:15 , v. ;) ידותון
ְלאֵיתָן ָה ֶאזְ ָרחִי ψ 89:1 (title).
[ יָתַרS 3498
TWOT 936
GK 3855
] 107 vb. remain over ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַר
יְת, id.
; Zinj. יתר n. rest, remainder; Ethiopic Assyrian [ atâru ], remain over , in der. conj. ,
Dl HWB
; in Sab. ותרCIS iv, 15, 46, p. 77
; especially n. ותרas epithet of king = noble
one , and as n.pr. ותרם Mordt ZMG , 1876, 37, 292
DHM ZMG , 1883, 15
CIS iv, 10
; Arabic is
make single, make to be one , or an odd number ) — † Qal Pt. הַיּוֹתֵר 1 S 15:15 the
remainder † . Niph. be left over, remain over; Pt. נוֹתַרEx 10:15 + 8 times, etc.; Impf.
יִוָּתֵר2 K 20:17 + 2 times; יִוָּ֥תֶר ָ ֑בּהּZc 13:8 ; וַיִּוָּתֵרGn 32:25 + 2 times; וָ ִאוָּתֵר1 K
19:10 , 14 , etc.; Pt. ָר נוֹת1 S 2:26 + 17 times, נֹתָרEx 12:10 ; fs. נוֹ ֶת֫רֶתLv 2:3 +
3 times; mpl. ִים נוֹ ָתרJu 8:10 + 24 times, etc.;— be left over, remain ( over ), abs. Ex
10:15 ( J ), Jos 11:11 , 22 ( D ), Ju 9:5 Is 1:8 ; 30:17 1 K 18:22 2 K 20:17 = Is
39:6 ; sq. ַדּוֹ ְלבbe left alone Gn 32:25 ( J ), so 1 K 19:10 , 14 ; sq. מִןbe left from (
= of ) 2 S 13:30 Ex 29:34 Nu 26:65 (both P ), ψ 106:11 ; pt. sq. מִן Ju 8:10 + 10
times P , 1 K 9:20 = 2 Ch 8:7 , Zc 14:16 1 Ch 6:46 ; sq. ְל, be left ( surviving ) to ,
1 S 25:34 2 S 9:1 , of those belonging to Gn 44:20 ( J ; ִמּוֹ
;) ְלבַדּוֹ ְלאsq. ְבּbe left in (
= of ) 2 S 17:12 Jos 18:2 (JE), also pt. Lv 8:32 ; 14:18 ( P ), Ez 48:15 , 18 ; often
sq. בּ
ְ loc. & Am 6:9 + 11 times; sq. בֵּיתin the house of Je 27:21 ; sq. על־פני
הארץEz 39:14 ( pt. ); sq. = אַ ֲחרֵיbe left behind (of sons) 1 K 9:21 = 2 Ch 8:8 ;
sq. שׁם
ָ + ֵאצֶלDn 10:13 I was left over there beside the kings (i.e. I had nothing more
to do; cf. VB ); elsewhere pt. abs. , as adj. Gn 30:36 ( J ), Jos 17:2 , 6 (JE), Lv
10:12 , 16 ; 27:18 Jos 21:5 , 26 , 34 (all P ), Je 34:7 1 Ch 6:55 , 62 ; 22:20 ; as
subst. Ju 21:7 , 16 1 S 30:9 Ex 28:10 ; 29:34 Lv 19:6 (all P ), 1 K 20:30 ( ×2 ) 2 K
4:7 Ez 34:18 ; 48:21 2 Ch 31:10 .
† Hiph. Pf. הוֹתִיר Ex 10:15 Is 1:9 , etc.; Impf. יוֹתִיר Dt 28:54 ; juss. יוֹתֵרEx
16:19 ; ֵר וַתֹּ ַת֑רRu 2:14 ; 2 ms.
וַיּוֹת2 S 8:4 2 Ch 18:4 ; 3 fs. juss. ַר
תּוֹתGn
49:4 ; 1 s. ִיר
אוֹתEz 39:28 ; 3 mpl. וַיּוֹתִרוּEx 16:20 2 K 4:44 ; 2 mpl. ִירוּתּוֹת
Ex 12:10 + 2 times; Imv. ֵר הוֹתψ 79:11 ; Inf. abs. הוֹתֵר2 K 4:43 + 2 times; cstr.
הוֹתִיר Je 44:7 ;— 1. a. leave over, leave Ex 10:15 ( J ), Ru 2:14 ( obj. om.), v 18 2
K 4:43 ( ֵר
אָכוֹל וְהוֹת, v. infr. ), v 44 ( obj. om. in both), 2 Ch 31:10 ; יֶתֶר ָבּנָיו
ֶ אDt 28:54 ; sq. obj. ָשׂרִיד+ לpers. Is 1:9 ; obj. ְשׁ ֵארִית+ לpers. Je
ֲשׁר יוֹתִיר
44:7 ; sq. ִן מfrom ( = of ), 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4 , Nu 33:55 ( P ), Ez 12:16 ; + עַד
temp. Ex 12:10 ; 16:19 , 20 (all P ), Lv 22:30 ( H ); + שׁם ָ loc. Ez 39:28 . b. abs.
leave a remnant Ez 6:8 (denom. from ֶר ? יֶתc. save over ψ 79:11 < ַהתֵּרrelease ( We
B ). 2. excel, shew pre-eminence Gn 49:4 (Poem in J ). 3. shew excess = have
more than enough Ex 36:7 ( P ; vid. also 2 K 4:43 2 Ch 31:10 supr. ); make
abundant Dt 28:11 ; 30:9 ( sq. sf. pers. + בrei.).
proposes as hanging over or down; Aramaic ָא יַ ְתרpart of the intestines, יְ ָת ַריָּא
ropes , cord, rope, chord of arc; Arabic bow- string , lute- string; Ethiopic sinew,
cord; stretch bowstring, strain (eyes), be intent, eager , etc. ) — ת֑ר ֶ ֶ יψ 11:2 +
5times; sf. ְרוֹ
יִתKt Jb 30:11 ( יִ ְתרִיQr ); יִ ְתרָםJb 4:21 ;— cord , for binding a
man Ju 16:7 , 8 , 9 ; bowstring ψ 11:2 Jb 30:11 (according to Qr , opp. 29:20
b; Kt = his cord , with which he reins in my assailants; cf. Di Da ). Jb 4:21 6
Ew De Di RV ; yet read perhaps תדָם ֵ ְ י6, so Ol Hi Sgfr ( > AV their
excellency , from I. ֶר
) יֶת.
† יוֹתֵר S 3148
TWOT 936d
GK 3463
, ֵר
יֹתn. m. superiority, advantage, excess
(late) ( proposes Qal pt. of — ) יתרabs. יוֹתֵרEc 7:16 + 2 times; יֹתֵרEc 2:15 +
4 times;— superiority, advantage ִיל
מַה־יּוֹתֵר ֶל ָחכָם מִן־ ַה ְכּסEc 6:8 what
advantage hath the wise over the fool? prob. also ָה
ֵמ ֵהמּ יֹתֵר12:12 (as to) what is
more than these (see VB ); abs. ָאָדָם מַה־יֹּתֵר ל6:11 ; ַשּׁ֑מֶשׁ יֹתֵר לְרֹאֵי
ָ הEc
7:11 ; elsewhere adv. to excess, overmuch Ec 2:15 ; 7:16 ; sq. ִן ( מas often in NH
), מּנִּי
ֶ יוֹתֵר ִמEst 6:6 more than me; = יֹתֵר ֶשׁ׳besides that Ec 12:9 .
† מוֹתָר S 4195
TWOT 936g
GK 4639
n. m. Pr 14:23 abundance, pre-eminence
;— 1. abundance, plenty ת֑ר
ָ מוֹPr 14:23 ; 21:5 (in both opp. ) ַמחְסוֹר. 2. 2, מוֹתַר
הָאָדָם מִן־ ַה ְבּ ֵהמָה אָיִן Ec 3:19 the superiority of man over beast is nothing .
כ, ך
כ, כּ, eleventh letter; used as numeral 20 in postB Heb. ; = כא21, = כב22, etc.
ְךּproposes subst. the like of, like, as ( Aramaic כ, Ph. כ, Arabic , Sab. in כעד דא
as till now DHM ZMG xxix. 615
, Assyrian kî, kîma , Dl ) —before tone-syll. ָךּ,
HWB 325 f.
ָ , ָכּ ֵא֫לֶּה, ; ָכּ ֵה֫מָּהc.
as כּזֶה sf. ֶם
ָכּכNu 15:15 + 7 times ( Jb 16:4 ָכּכֵם: Kö ii. 1. 285 ),
ָכּהֶם † 2 K 17:15 , ֶן
† ָכּה Ez 18:14 [also with nom. forms, ָה ָכּ ֵה֫מּ, ָכּהֵם, ; ָכּ ֵה֫נָּהv.
ֵהמָּה8 ; cf. Arabic etc.]. before light sf. , in the form כּמוֹ
ְ ( q.v. ), viz. כָּמֹנִי, כָּמוֹנִי
Gn 44:15 + 16 times, ך
ָ כָּמוֹGn 41:39 + 28 times, † כָּמֹכָהEx 15:11 ( ×2 )
, ָמֹהוּ
כּ
9:18 + 23 times, ָמוֹה
כּ11:6 + 2 times, כָּמֹנוּGn 34:15 + 3 times; also † כְּמוֹכֶםJb
12:3 , ֶם
† כְּמוֹהJu 8:18 ψ 115:8 ; 135:18 . Prop. an undeveloped subst. , capable of
standing in any case and followed (like ) always by a gen., as 1 S 20:3 כי כפשׂעfor
there is (nomin.) the like of a footstep (Arabic ) between me and death, Gn 41:38 הנמצא
כזהshall we find (accus) the like of this one? ( v. especially Fleischer Kl.Schrr. i. 376 ff.
Mühlau, ap. Bö ii . 64 f. , with many Arabic exx.; also W AG i. § 356 R c. ; ii. § 63 Ges § 118. 6. ;
compare, for both usage and constr. , the Lat. instar: this view criticized by Kö ii. 1, 279 ff.
, who treats ךּ
ְ as demonstr. adv. ); but Heb. having no case-endings, its proper sense
was doubtless forgotten, and ךּ ְ became practically equivalent to a prep. like, as: — 1. a.
quantitatively (like the Arabic measure, number, size, of …: as many as 100), to express
exact or approx. equality, in the latter case the like of is = about: Dt 1:11 Yahweh add
to you ככם אלף פעמיםthe like of you ( Saad ) 1000 times ( cf. 2 S 24:3 ), Ex 12:37
כשׁשׁ מאות אלף רגליthe like of (i.e. about ) 600,000 footmen, 32:28 כשׁלשׁת אלפי
אישׁ, Jos 4:13 ; 7:3 1 S 9:22 ; 25:38 ( ויהי כעשׂרת הימיםnomin.) and there was the
like of ( = about ) 10 days, and, etc. Ru 2:17 כאיפה שׂערים, etc., cf. ָה ַכּמּthe like of
what? = how many? ( v. ָה ;) מas accus. of space or time, Nu 11:31 כדרך יוםthe like
of a day’s journey, Jos 3:4 ; Jos 10:13 כיום תמיםabout a whole day (Arabic ), Ru 1:4
כעשׂר שׁנים. So (as adv. accus.) with words denoting a point of time: often with עֵת,
as ַזֹּאת ָכּעֵת הlit. at the like of this time = about this time, Jos 11:6 al. , ָמחָר ָכּעֵתat
the like of the time, (being) to-morrow = about to-morrow , Ex 9:18 + , חיָּה ַ ( ָכּעֵתv.
) חי, Is 8:23 כעת הראשׁוןat the former time, ָכּעֵתalone = at the (present) time, now
Nu 23:23 Ju 13:23 , Is 23:5 (unusual) ַע צֹר ְשׁמ
ֵ ; כּso ְכּהַיּוֹם, ( כַּיּוֹםv. יוֹם7 h ),
ִכּ ְמעַט, ; ְכּ ֶרגַעand especially with inf. , v. 3 b . b. qualitatively (like Arabic likeness of
…), to express resemblance in respect of some attribute, action, character, appearance,
etc.: so very often; as subj. of a sentence, Nu 9:15 אשׁ כמראהthe like of ( = as it were
) an appearance of fire was, etc. ( cf. Ez 1:4 , 26 a, 27 Dn 8:15 ; 10:18 ), 23:22
כתועפות ראם לו, Ex 24:10 , Dt 4:32 הזה הנהיה כדבר הגדולhath there been the
like of this great thing? 9:10 Jos 10:14 ; Ho 9:1 Is 23:15 ψ 58:5 Pr 16:27 La 1:20
ַבּ ַבּיִת ַכּ ָמּוֶת, Ec 8:14 ; Lv 14:35 ְכּנֶגַע נראה בביתיthe like of (i.e. a kind of ) mark; מִי
כָמוֹכָהwho is the like of thee? Ex 15:11 ( Saad ) + ; as gen. אֵין כָּמוֹ ָך1 S 10:24 2 S
7:22 + ; as pred., Ju 8:21 ָתוֹ ָכּאִישׁ גְּבוּר, Hb 2:5 וְהוּא ַכ ָמּוֶת, ψ 17:14 ; 89:30
( וכסאו כימי שׁמיםof time: so v 37 ), 125:1 , etc.; after a verb, היה ְךּto become the
like of ( like ), Gn 3:5 + cft. ( v. היהII. 2 c ), cf. after שׂיםִ Gn 13:16 + , נתן42:30 +
, שׁיתִ ψ 83:12 + , ִשׁוָּה18:34 , ְשׁב ַ נֶח44:23 + , ְשׁלַ נִמ49:13 , ִה ְרבָּהGn 22:17 + ;
add ָזֹאת
כּ, ָכּ ֵאלֶּהthe like of this (these), i.e. tale, talia (whether nom. or accus.) Ju
13:23 ; 15:7 ; 19:30 Lv 10:19 + ( v. זֹאת, ) ֵאלֶּה. Cases such as to give or reward a
man כמעשׂהו, כרעתו, etc., the like of his doings, etc., 2 S 3:39 1 K 8:32 ψ 18:25 ;
28:4 , to speak כדבר הזהor כדברים האלהGn 18:25 ; 24:28 + often, form the
transition to c. as an accus. of mode or limitation, in or with the like of ( = like, as,
according to , κατά );—(1) expressing conformity to a standard or rule: Gn 1:26 let us
make man כדמותנוaccording to our likeness, 9:3 Jos 19:47 Ju 20:10 1 S 13:14 hath
looked out אישׁ כלבבוa man according to his own heart ( Je 3:15 ); to do a thing
כמשׁפט הזהJos 6:15 , cf. Gn 40:13 2 K 11:14 , etc., כדבר פ׳Gn 44:2 + often,
ְכּ ִצ ְדקִיψ 7:9 , ְכּ ַח ְס ְדּ ָך51:3 , ַכּכָּתוּבaccording to what is written Jos 8:31 , 34 + , בלא
( ככתובlate) † 2 Ch 30:18 , etc. (2) in comparisons: qualifying an adj. , Ex 16:14 דַּק
ַכּכְּפוֹר, Ct 6:10 יָפָה ַכ ְלּ ָבנָה, cf. Gn 13:10 ; a verb ψ 7:3 פֶּן־יִטְרֹף כְּאַ ְריֵה, 19:6
ָשׂישׂ ְכּגִבּוֹר ִ י, Is 42:13 , etc.; with the tertium compar. attached in a relative clause, Dt
32:11 ִנֹּו ֶשׁר יָעִיר ק ֶ ַכּנּlike the great vulture, (that) stirreth up its nest, Jb 9:26 ; 11:16
Is 61:10 like the bride, who putteth on, etc., 62:1 ַר ְכּ ַלפִּיד יִ ְבעlike a torch (that) burns
(on the presence or absence of the art. in such cases, v. ה ַ 1 f ), ψ 42:2 ; 83:15 ( infr. 2
d ) + often ( cf. Dr § 34
:ךְּ is not in these cases to be construed as a conj. [ = ֲשׁר ֶ ] ַכּא
with the verb: v. De ψ 38:14 Ges § 155, 2 b, 1 R.
). d. sometimes ךּ ְ is used in partic. to
compare an object with the class to which it belongs, and express its correspondence with
the idea which it ought to realize: Is 13:6 ( = Jo 1:15 ) of the יום י׳, ַי
ִשּׁדּ
ַ כְּשֹׁד מ
יָבוֹאi.e. it comes as a veritable , or ideal , destruction from Shaddai, 29:2 of Ariel ( v
1 ) והיתה לי כאדיאלi.e. shall be to me as a true Ariel ( cf. Ges § 118 x ): so also,
according to Hi De , 10:13 Ez 26:10 Zc 14:3 2 S 9:8 ψ 122:3 Ct 8:10 ( v. De ),
Ec 10:5 Ne 7:2 . The older grammarians called this the Kaph veritatis (a translation of
Ki ’s ִתּוּת
ך׳פ́ ָה ֲאמ, ך׳פ́ לאמת הדבר, Michl. 45 a (Lyck) , Comm. Jos 3:4 , 1 S 9:13 , Is
1:7 , Ho 5:10 , or ִי
ָה ֲא ִמתּ ך׳ף, Lex s. v. ) יוֹם: they extended it unduly (e.g. to Nu 11:1
La 1:20 Ho 11:4 ). 2. repeated, ךּ
ְ … ְךּ, to signify the completeness of the
correspondency between two objects (peculiar to Heb. ): a. in a principal clause, Gn
18:25 ָשׁע
ָ וְ ָהיָה ַכ ַצּדִּיק ָכּרlit. that the like of the righteous be the like of the wicked, i.e.
that the righteous be as the wicked, 44:18 כמוך כפרעהthe like of thee is the like of
Pharaoh, i.e. thou art as Pharaoh, Lv 24:22 היֶה ְ ִ ַכּגֵּר ָכּ ֶאזְרָח י, 1 K 22:4 כָּמֹנִי כָמוֹ ָך
( ְכּ ַעמִּי ְכ ַע ְמּ ָךVan Dyck ), Hg 2:3 הֲלוֹא כָמֹהוּ כְּאַיִן ְכּעֵינֵיכֶםis not the like of it the
like of nothing in your eyes? i.e. is it not like nothing in your eyes? ψ 139:12 ָה ֲשׁיכֵ ַכּח
בָּאוֹרָהi.e. the darkness (to thee) is as the light. Usually the first term is the subj. and the
second is the standard with which it is compared: but occas. the terms are inverted, as Lv
7:7 Nu 15:15 Ju 8:18 ( כמוך כמוהםVan Dyck ), Ho 4:9 Is 24:2 , cf. 59:18 ( Note
, infr. ) b. in a subordinate clause (to be regarded as subordinated in the accus. to the
principal verb); ( α ) attached to the subj. of the principal vb. , Lv 24:16 כגר … יומת
כאזרחhe shall be put to death, the like of the stranger (being) the like of the homeborn,
Jos 8:33 . ( β ) attached to its object , Dt 1:17 כקטן כגדל תשׁמעוןlit. ye shall hear
(them), the like of the small (being) the like of the great. c. occas., for ךּ
ְ … ְךּ, there
occurs ךּ … וך ְ : Jos 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי ָע֑תָּהthe like of my strength then, and the
like of my strength now, i.e. they are similar ( cf. ְ ו1 j ) 1 S 30:24 Ez 18:4 Dn 11:29 .
d. yet more distinct than ךְּ … ְךּ, is ; ְךּ … כֵּןin a nominal sentence ( Ges § 140–1 ), ‘ ְךּ
with its genit. forming the predic., and ֵן כּresuming it with emph. and connecting it with
the subject;’ 1 S 25:25 ֶן־הוּא ִשׁמוֹ כּ
ְ כִּי כfor the like of his name, such (or so ) is he, Gn
44:10 Jos 2:21 Je 18:6 ψ 48:11 ; 127:4 Pr 10:26 + ; in a verbal sentence, ‘ ךּ ְ
preceding, as an accusative of state, and giving the secundum comparationis , and ֵן כּ
resuming it,’ Jo 2:4 ‘ כפרשׁים כן ירוצוןinstar (accus.) equitum, sic currunt’ ( Fl l.c. ),
Ho 4:7 lit. with (or in ) the likeness of their multiplying, so they sinned against me, Gn
6:22 1 S 8:8 Is 38:14 Ez 22 ; 22 ψ 42:2 ; 83:15 + often 3. before an inf. : a. like
(lit. with or in the likeness of …), Ju 14:6 ִי ְשׁסַּע ַהגְּד
ַ כּlike the rending of a kid, i.e. as
when a kid is rent (by a lion), 2 S 3:34 Is 5:24 ψ 66:10 ; 68:3 Jb 2:10 , etc.; = as if ,
Is 10:15 or shall the saw magnify itself against him that wieldeth it כהניף שׁבט
את־מרימיוwith the like of a staff’s shaking ( = as if a staff were to shake) him that
lifted it! b. of time, about, at , whether of the past or of the future: Gn 19:17 אותם
כהוציאםat their bringing them forth, i.e. as or when they brought them forth 24:30 ;
29:13 ; 39:10 , 13 + very often; of the future, 44:30 , 31 Dt 20:2 , 9 2 S 13:28 + ;
Is 28:20 b (different from v 20 a) and the covering is (too) narrow when one gathers
oneself in. Occasionally with the verbal noun, Ho 13:6 כמרעיתםat the time of their
feeding, Is 30:19 ְשׁ ְמעָתוֹ
ָ † וּ ְכ ֶחזְקָתוֹ ; כּ2 Ch 12:1 ; 26:16 Dn 11:2 ( Ew § 238 a, 239 a
): cf. Is 23 5 b ַע צֹר ְשׁמ
ֵ כּ. With the ptcp. † Gn 38:29 ( si vera l. ), perhaps 40:10
; cf. Dr § 135. 6, Obs . 2 .
Note .— ךּ
ְ is rarely prefixed to preps., the only exx. which occur being the idiomatic
ְכּ ָברִאשֹׁנָה, † Ju 20:32 1 K 13:6 Is 1:26 Jer 33:7 , 11 ; ְכּ ַבּ ְתּ ִחלָּהin the || clause †
Is l.c. ; ִי
† ְכּ ַב ֲחצ1 S 14:14 (apparently corrupt); ָשׁים ִ ִשׁלשׁ ֳחדְ † ְכּמGn 38:24 (and
prob. ֵחֹדֶשׁ ְכמ1 S 10:27 ); פּנֵי
ְ † ְכּ ִמLv 26:37 ; † ( ְכּעַלlate): b. pleon. for עַל ( ְךּ
= according to ), Is 63:7 ָשׂה ָ ֲשׁר ע ֶ ְכּעַל כָּל־א, 59:18 ְשׁלֵּםַ ְכּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת ְכּעַל וthe like
of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (ellipse of rel., as Jb 34:32 , etc.); b.
= as over ψ 119:14 , = as concerning 2 Ch 32:19 . Where logically a prep. would
seem to be required after כ, it is in Heb. regularly omitted ( Ges § 118. 3 R ), the nature of
ְךּ, as explained above, not in fact admitting it; thus Is 1:25 I will purge away thy dross
[ כַּבֹּרnot, as in Engl., like as with lye, but] (with) the like of lye ( כbeing an accus.
defining the mode in which אצרףtakes place); 5:17 ְכּ ָד ְברָםin Engl. as in their pasture,
Ju 20:39 , ְיוֹם כּas in the day of, Is 9:3 ψ 95:8 + , כִּימֵיJb 29:2 who will set me as in
the days of old! Is 51:9 + , ֶף זַיִת כְּנֹקas at , etc., 17:6 : so with ְלψ 83:10 Jb 29:23 ,
על30:5 . ְךּis used also pregnantly with substs., ψ 18:34 who maketh my feet like hinds
(for like the feet of hinds , Is 29:4 ; 63:2 בגדיך כדורך בגת, Je 50:9 Jb 40:9 al. Cf.
§ §118. 6; 141. 2 R. n
Ges .
† ֲשׁר
ֶ ַכּא conj. according as, as, when ( cf. for the combin. Aramaic ִי
ְכּד, ) כַּר
— 1. according to that which, according as, as: a. Gn 34:12 I will give כאשׁר
תאמרו אליaccording as ye shall ( or may) say unto me, 44:1 Ex 8:23 Nu 22:8 1
S 2:16 ; Gn 34:22 if we are circumcised ; כאשׁר הם נמולים41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה
as at the beginning, so בראשׁונה ך׳Jos 8:5 , 6 2 S 7:10 ; Ex 5:13 כאשׁר בהיות
התבן: Gn 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהים, as God commanded
Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P , v 16 8:21 ; 12:4 ; 17:23 ;
21:1 ( ×2 ) Ex 16:24 ; 39:1 , 5 , 7 Nu 3:16 , 42 etc.; כאשׁר דבר י׳Dt 1:21 ; 2:1 ;
6:3 , 19 + often Dt. b. answered, for increased emph., by ֵן
( כּcf. ְךּ2 d ), Gn 50:12
ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר ִצוָּם, Ex 7:10 , 20 ; Gn 18:5 ( J ) כן תעשׂה כאשׁר דברת, Ex
10:10 (iron.), Am 5:14 (do.); in opp. order, Ju 1:7 כן שׁלם לי כאשׁר עשׂיתי,
Ex 7:6 כאשׁר צוה י׳ כן עשׂו, cf. 12:28 , 50 ; 39:43 Nu 5:4 ; 17:26 ; 36:10 (all
P ); with impf. (freq.) Nu 2:17 ( P ) ; כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעוof degree = the more
… the more , Ex 1:12 וכן יפרץ וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה, cf. 17:11 (JE) וגבר
והיה כאשׁר ירים … ישׁר׳according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath
or solemn promise, Nu 14:28 כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה אם לא, Dt 28:63 ( Je
31:28 ), 1 K 1:30 Is 10:11 ; 14:24 ; 52:14 f. + ( v. ֵן
כּ2 b ). c. answered by ·ַ ( וDr
§ 127 γ
) † Ex 16:34 Nu 1:19 . d. often in similes ( sq. impf. of habit) Ex 33:11
רעהו כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל, Nu 11:12 Dt 1:44 Is 9:2 ; 66:20 + , answered by כֵּן
Is 31:4 ; 55:10 ; 66:22 Am 3:12 + ; a second verb is, in such cases, in the pf. with
ְ וconsec. ( Dr § 115 ) Dt 22:26 Is 29:8 כאשׁר יחלם … והקיץ, 65:8 Am 5:19 .
e. ֲשׁר
ֶ ַכּא ( ָהיָהcf. ) ָהיָה ְךּto be as if , Jb 10:19 לא הייתי אהיה כאשׁר, Zc 10:6
והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים. 2. with a causal force, in so far as, since (Germ.
demgemäss dass ), Gn 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוךaccording
as, in so far as , we have not touched thee; Nu 27:14 פ׳ כאשׁר מריתםinasmuch as
ye have defied my mouth, Ju 6:27 1 S 28:18 (answered by ) על כן, 2 K 17:26 Mi
3:4 . 3. with a temporal force, when , Gn 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלהwhen
he had finished, etc., 32:3 , 32 1 S 8:6 2 S 12:21 + ; answered by ·ַ ( וDr § 127 β ),
1 S 6:6 ; 12:8 ; … ויהי כאשׁרand it came to pass, when … Gn 12:11 ; 20:13 ;
24:22 , 52 ; 27:30 Ex 32:19 + often; Gn 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתיwhen I am
bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Est 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי
אבדתי. Jos 2:7 אחרי כאשׁרis a ‘conflate’ reading, omit either אחריor כ. Of
future time, Gn 27:40 ; 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Ho 7:12 Ec 4:17 ; 5:3 , and
without a verb Is 23:5 שׁמע למצרים כאשׁר.— Mi 3:3 כאשׁרis simply as that
which , Jb 29:25 as one who .
כְּמוֹ S 3644
TWOT 938
GK 4017
adv. and conj. like, as, when ( lit. the like of what
(viz.) …, a pleon. form of ךּ
ְ ( v. ) מוֹ, and, like it, proposes a subst. : cf. Aramaic
ְכּמָאlike ψ 78:68 Levy, usually ְכּמָא ְדּlike as; (i.e. ) like what, like , usually sq. ?
like as; Sam. ; Arabic ; Ethiopic kama , like as , Di Gr § 63 a Sab. כמוZMG 1883,
394
) —used 1. (56 times) as an indep. word (except Gn 19:15 Ne 9:11 , only in
poetry); 2. as an equivalent for ךּ
ְ before sfs., always before light ones, and
occasionally before heavy ones ( v. ךּ ְ ad init. ):— 1. a. prep., as poet. syn. of ְךּ, like,
as , Ex 15:5 they went down כמו־אבןlike a stone (hence in prose Ne 9:11 ), v 8
( ψ 78:13 ), Is 30:22 ; 51:6 ( v. ֵן) כּ, 26:17 ( ָל ֶלרֶת כְּמוֹ ָהרָה ַתּ ְקרִיבsee ְךּ1 c (2),
on the constr. : so 41:25 ψ 58:5 , 8a . 9 ), v 18 we have brought forth the like of,
as it were , wind, Je 13 ; 21 ; 15:18 ; 50:26 Ez 16:57 ( עת כמוas at the time of:
v. ךּ
ְ Note ), Ho 7:4 ; 8:12 ; 13:7 Hb 3:14 ( as it were ), Zc 9:15 ; 10:2 , 7 (as
with wine: v. ib.) Elsewhere chiefly in ψψ (19 times) and Jb (11 times), as ψ 29:6 ;
61:7 ; 63:6 ; 78:69 ; 79:5 ; 88:6 ; 90:9 , Jb 6:15 ; 10:22 ( ×2 ) ; 12:3 כמו אלהthe
like of these things , 14:9 Ct 6:10 ; 7:2 La 4:6 ( כמו רגעin prose ) כרגע.
Repeated, like ךּ ְ … ְךּ, † ψ 58:10 and answered by כֵּןIs 26:17 .— ψ 58:8 b כמו
יתמוללו, as it were is against usage of ( כמוwith a vb. ), and yields a lame sense:
read perhaps ִיר [ ית׳ ( כמו ] ָחצLag Che ); ψ 73:15 if I said, ֲא ַס ְפּרָה כְמ֑וֹ, the text
is untranslateable, the rendering thus for כמוbeing indefensible: prob. הנָּה ֵ has
dropped out before the following הנֵּה ִ : for כְּמוֹ ֵהנָּהthe like of these things , cf. Jb
23:14 הנָּהֵ ָכּ, and 12:3 supr. b. conj. = ֲשׁר ֶ ַכּא: ( α ) of time, once, † Gn 19:15
ַשּׁחַר
ַ כְּמוֹ ָעלָה הwhen the dawn arose; ( β ) of mode, according as , † Zc 10:8 וְרָבוּ
כְּמוֹ רָבוּPr 23:7 (answered by ) כֵּן.—For 2 (before sfs.), see ְךּ.
† ְכּאֵב S 3511
TWOT 940a
GK 3873
n. m. Jb 2:13 pain ;— ך׳abs. Jb 2:13 Is
17:11 ; cstr. 65:14 ; sf. ְכּ ֵאבִי Jb 16:6 + 2 times;— pain , mental and physical Jb
2:13 ; 16:6 perhaps also ψ 39:3 ; אָנוּשׁ ( ךּ׳in disappointment and disaster) Is 17:11
( || ָה
נַ ֲחלfrom ; ָחלָהmental, ךּ׳־לֵבIs 65:14 ( || ) ֵשׁבֶר רוּ ַחso Je 15:18 ( || ַמכָּה
fig. )
† ַמכְאוֹב S 4341
TWOT 940b
GK 4799
n. m. ψ 32:10 pain ;— ם׳abs. Ec 1:18
+ 2 times; cstr. ψ 69:27 ; sf. ) ַמכְאֹבִי ( ַמכְאוֹבִיψ 38:18 + 3 times, etc.; pl.
ַמכְאוֹבִיםψ 32:10 Ec 2:23 ; ַמכְאֹבוֹתIs 53:3 ; sf. ַמכְאֹבָיוEx 3:7 ; ַמכְאֹבֵינוּ
Is 53:4 ;— 1. pain , physical, Ex 3:7 ( || ענִי ֳ ; cf. ְשׂיו
ָ ִמ ְפּנֵי נֹגin context); 2 Ch
6:29 ( || ;) נֶגַעJb 33:19 . 2. of mental pain , ψ 32:10 (of troubles of wicked), of
Babylon Je 51:8 ; ψ 38:18 ; 69:27 (as result of sin; of ’ י׳s servant); in ’ י׳s word to
Baruch Je 45:3 ( || יָגוֹן, ָה ) ֲאנָח, cf. of Israel in distress Je 30:15 ( || ) ֵשׁבֶר, of
Jerus. La 1:12 ( ×2 )
, 18 , Ec 1:18 ( ַך׳ ;) יוֹסִיף ַדּעַת יוֹסִיף מ2:23 ( || ;) ַכּעַם ִענְיָנוֹ
partic. of suffering servant of י׳Is 53:3 , 4 (both || ִי ) ֳחל.
†[ כָּאָהS 3512
TWOT 941
GK 3874
] vb. Niph. be disheartened, cowed ( cf.
Arabic draw back timidly , abstain through timidity ) — Niph. Pf. וְנִכְאָה consec. Dn
11:30 then shall he be cowed; Pt. נִ ְכאֵה ֵלבָב ψ 109:16 downhearted ( || ְיוֹן
) ָענִי וְ ֶאב.
Hiph. Inf. cstr. ַהכְאוֹת לֵב ַצדִּיק Ez 13:22 ; but Co הכאבתן v. כָּאַב.
† [ ֶה
ָכּאS 2489
TWOT 659a
GK 3875
] adj. cowed , ψ 10:10 Qr ; חֵל ָבּאִיםhost
of cowed ones , but read Kt ; חלכאים v. p. 319 .
כבבTWOT 942
( √ of foll.,
cf. Sta § 116, 3 ; meaning not wholly clear; Arabic is roll
threads into a ball , ball of thread, but also troop of horses, band of men, etc.; Ethiopic is
in orbem circumsistere , orbis, circulus , etc.; hence perhaps star , as round , or as
collected in bands, clusters, constellations; Assyrian kabâbu = burn; kabâbê , shields ,
is written ḳabâbê by Dl HWB 578 ) .
† כּוֹכָב S 3556
TWOT 942a
GK 3919
n. m. Gn 15:5 star ( NH id. ; Aramaic
כּוֹ ְכבָא, כּוֹ ַכ ְבתָּא, ,
fem. form specifically of planet Venus, v. also We Skizzen iii. 36,
38
; Arabic gen. of single stars and prob. Aramaic loan-word, We Skizzen iii. 173 ;
Ethiopic ; prob. for כבכבv. Mahri kubkob, kobkîb , etc., Maltzan ZMG 1873, 227 and
Assyrian kakkabu Dl HWB 336 ; Pun. κακαβουμ (Dioscorides), name of a plant, prob.
from shape of seed-cup, Blau ZMG xxvii, 1873, 529 ; on formation cf. Nö M § 109 Ba NB
§ 138. 1
) — ך׳abs. Nu 24:17 ; cstr. כּוֹכַבAm 5:26 ; pl. כּוֹ ָכבִיםGn 1:16 + 19
times; cstr. ) כֹּ ְכבֵי ( כּוֹ ְכבֵי Gn 22:17 + 13 times; ֶם
כֹּ ְכבֵיהEz 32:7 ;— sg. only
ך׳ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם Am 5:26 (where, however, ך׳is prob. a gloss, so GFM Dec. 19, 1890,
and now We ; v. further ִיּוּן ) כּ, and ך׳ ִמיַּעֲקֹבNu 24:17 (JE; || ֵשׁבֶט בישׂראל,
metaph. of future ruler); elsewhere pl. stars , || sun and moon ( cf. also infr. ) Gn
1:16 ( P ) ψ 136:9 (to rule the night, cf. Gn 1:16 ), Je 31:35 Gn 37:9 ( E ),
Joseph’s dream ( ָשׂר ך׳
ָ = אַחַד ע11 brethren); Dt 4:19 obj. of idol. worship ( cf.
infr. ); observed in augury ַךּ׳
הַחֹזִים בּIs 47:13 (of Babylon); Ec 12:2 ( || (also)
light; fig. of brightness of youth); || sun Jb 9:7 ; || moon ψ 8:4 ; sign of evening Ne
4:15 ( ַךּ׳ ַשּׁחַר עַד צֵאת ה
ַ ) ֵמעֲלוֹת הcf. ִשׁכּוֹ
ְ כּוֹ ְכבֵּי נJb 3:9 (appar. sign of dawn);
numbered by God ψ 147:4 ; sim. of abundant posterity, Gn 15:5 ; 22:17 ; 26:4
Ex 32:13 (all JE); of Isr. Dt 1:10 ; 10:22 ; 28:62 1 Ch 27:32 Ne 9:23 ; of number
of merchants of Nineveh Na 3:16 ; as lofty, Jb 22:12 ; so in fig. of haughty nations
Ob 4 is 14:13 ; cf. symbolic vision of Dn ( || ָא ָצב, ַשּׁ ַמיִם
ָ ) ְצבָא הDn 8:10 ; sim.
of brightness of righteous Dn 12:3 ; not pure ( ) זַכּוּbefore God Jb 25:5 ( || moon);
darkened in Yahweh’s judgment Jo 2:10 ; 4:15 Ez 32:7 ( || sun and moon; so) Is
13:10 ( || also ֶם
;) ְכּסִילֵיהpersonified: as fighting Ju 5:20 ; shouting Jb 38:7 (
ְבּרָן־יַחַד כּוֹ ְכבֵי בֹקֶר, || ;) ְבּנֵי אֱלֹהִיםpraising ψ 148:3 ( אוֹר כּוֹ ְכבֵי, || sun and
moon).—On stars in Arabic mythol. v. We Skizzen iii.173 f.
Schlottm C. Schlottmann.
Piel Pf. 2 m. sf. ִכּ ַבּ ְד ָתּ֫נִיIs 43:23 ; 3 mpl. ִכּבְּדוּ1 S 6:6 ; + 3 times Pf. ; Impf.
יְַכבֵּדMal 1:6 + 3 times; sf. יְַכ ְבּ ָד֑נְנִיψ 50:23 ; 3 fs. sf. ְתּ ַכ ְבּ ֵדנִיIs 43:20 ; ֲא ַכ ְבּדָה
ψ 86:12 ; + 12 times Impf. ; Imv. ֵד ַכּבּEx 20:12 + 2 times; + 3 times Imv. ; Inf. abs.
ַכּבֵּדNu 22:17 ; + 2 times Inf. ; Pt. ְמ ַכבֵּד2 S 10:3 ; + 4 times Pt. ;— 1. make heavy,
insensible ( cf. Qal 2 ) the ) לב(ב1 S 6:6 ( ×2 ) . 2. make honourable, honour, glorify ,
usually c. human subj.: a. human obj. , parents Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16 (Dec.), Mal 1:6
; Balaam Nu 22:17 ( ×2 ) , 37 ; 24:11 ( ×2 ) (JE); sons of Eli 1 S 2:29 ; Saul 1 S 15:30 ;
Nahash 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3 ; Jerusalem La 1:8 ; more gen. ψ 15:4 ; subj. God 1 S
2:30 b ψ 91:15 , cf. Pr 4:8 . b. obj. things, sacred place Is 6:13 (God subj.); the
Sabbath Is 58:13 . c. God obj. 1 S 2:30 a Is 24:15 ; 25:3 ; 43:20 ψ 22:24 ; 50:15 ,
23 Pr 14:31 ; + acc. rei זבחיךIs 43:23 ; + בּ ְ instr. (lips) Is 29:13 ; + ) מֵהוֶֹנ֑ ָך ( מִןPr
3:9 ; obj. the name of י׳, c. acc. ψ 86:12 ; c. ְל ψ 86:9 ; obj. the י׳ ַמלְאַ ְך Ju 13:17
. d. subj. indef. ( si vera l. ), obj. God and man Ju 9:9 (of olive; on text, especially בּוֹ
for ִי
בּ, v. GFM ). e. obj. a heathen god ֶלאֱלֹ ַהּDn 11:38 ( ×2 )
.
Pu. be made honourable, honoured . Impf. יְֻכ ָ ֑בּד Pr 13:18 ; 27:18 ; Pt. ְמ ֻכבָּד Is
58:13 .
Hiph. Pf. ִה ְכבִּיד La 3:7 + 5 times; 2 f. ִה ְכ ַבּ ְד ְתּ Is 47:6 ; + 4 times Pf. ; Impf.
וַיְַּכבֵּד Ex 8:28 ; 9:34 ; Imv. ַה ְכבֵּד Is 6:10 ; Infin. abs. ַה ְכבֵּד Ex 8:11 ; cstr. ַה ְכבִּיד
2 Ch 25:19 ; Pt. ַמ ְכבִּיד Hb 2:6 .— 1. make heavy , a yoke 1 K 12:10 , 14 = 2 Ch
10:10 , 14 , Is 47:6 ; ellipt. with ַל
עNe 5:15 ; achain La 3:7 ; pledges, with עַלHb 2:6
. 2. make heavy, dull, unresponsive , the ears Is 6:10 Zc 7:11 ; the ֵב לEx 8:11 , 28 ;
9:34 ; 10:1 ( J ). 3. cause to be honoured , of depopulated districts of NE. Israel, Is 8:23
, of restored nation Je 30:19 ( || ;) לא יצערוshew or display honour , 2 Ch 25:19
( ְל ַה ְכבִּידin || 2 K 14:10 ) ִה ָכּבֵד.
† ֫
כֹּבֶד S 3514
TWOT 943c
GK 3880
n. [ m. ] 1. heaviness , weight of a stone Pr
27:3 . 2. mass, abundance , of corpses Na 3:3 . 3. vehemence , of war Is 21:15 , of
storm Is 30:27 .
† I. [ ָבוֹד
כּS 3519 , 3520
TWOT 943d , 943f
GK 3883 , 3884
] adj. glorious , only fs.
כְּבוּ ָדּ֯ה, of a bed Ez 23:41 ; a queen in bridal array ψ 45:14 ; y 45ò14 belongs to II.
כָּבוֹד2 ; cstr. as Ges § 141 d ; v. also כֹּל1 a end. cf. כְּבוּ ָדּ֯הn. f. infr.
I. [ ָבוֹד
] כּ.
†[ ָכּבָהS 3518
TWOT 944
GK 3882
] vb. be quenched, extinguished, go, out , of
fire or lamp ( NH id. ; Aramaic ָא
ְכּבlight of eyes ; Arabic id. ) — Qal Pf. 3 pl. כָּבוּ
Is 43:17 ; Impf. יְִכבֶּה1 S 3:3 Pr 21:18 ; 3 fs. ִתּ ְכבֶּהLv 6:5 + 10 times; Inf. cstr.
כְּבוֹ ְת ָךEz 32:7 S B Co ( MT כַּבּ׳Pi.)— be quenched, extinguished ( c. neg.
except 1 S 3:3 Pr 26:20 Is 43:17 ), of lamp ( ִים ) נֵר אֱלֹהin sanctuary 1 S 3:3 ; of
altar-fire Lv 6:5 , 6 ; of ָהּ נֵרPr 31:18 ; of bodies of renegade Israelites Is 66:24 ( cf.
;) גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּםsubj. אֵשׁfig. of contention Pr 26:20 ; fig. subj. fire kindled by י׳Ez
21:3 , 4 ; subj. wrath ( ָה ) ֵחמof י׳2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25 , Je 7:20 ; wrath under
fig. of fire ( ֵשׁ ) אJe 17:27 ; so of burning land of Edom Is 34:10 ; of annihilation of
Yahweh’s enemies Is 43:17 ( ָה
ִשׁתּ
ְ ) ָדּ ַע ְך || ; ַכּפּ, cf. Pharaoh Ez 32:7 ( v. supr. ) Pi.
Pf. וְכִבּוּconsec. 2 S 14:7 ; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְַכ ֶבּנָּהIs 42:3 ; 2 ms. ְתּ ַכ ֶבּה2 S
21:17 ; ַבּוּ וַיְכ2 Ch 29:7 ; Inf. כַּבּוֹתCt 8:7 ; also MT כַּבּוֹ ְת ָךEz 32:7 (but cf. supr.
); Pt. ֶה ְמ ַכבּIs 1:31 + 3 times;— quench, extinguish , fig. except 2 Ch 29:7 (of
extinguishing lamps, נֵרוֹת, in temple); sq. ֵל ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ( נֵר יfig. for life of David) 2 S
21:17 ; sq. ִי ( ַגּ ַח ְלתּcoal = family-hope) 2 S 14:7 (of killing widow’s only son); sq.
ִשׁתָּה ֵכהָהְ פּIs 42:3 dimly-burning wick ( fig. of spiritually weak); implied obj. ref. to
wrath of י׳Am 5:6 Je 4:4 ; 21:12 ; to people and idols Is 1:31 ; sq. love ָה אַ ֲהבCt 8:7
(subj. ִים ) ַמּיִם ַרבּEz 32:7 cf. supr.
† כָּבוּל S 3521
GK 3886
n.pr.loc. 1. city on border of Asher Jos 19:27 , mod.
Kâbûl , 4 h. (9 miles) SE. from Akko, Rob BR iii, 88
Guérin Gal . i. 422 f.
2. ָבוּל
כּ ֶארֶץ
district in Galilee 1 K 9:13 containing 20 cities given by Sol. to Hiram ( popular
etymol. poss. כּas + בּל
ֻ = בַּלnot , i.e. as good as nothing , cf. v 12 , so Ew Th ;
Klo conject. ִיל
ָגּל ) ארץ, Buhl Geogr. § 116
.
כבלTWOT ( √ of foll.
945
= bind; NH ָכּבַלbind , ֶכּבֶלfetter; Aramaic ְכּבַלid. , ;
Arabic bind , fetter ) .
† ֶ ֫כּבֶל S 3525
TWOT 945a
GK 3890
n. [ m. ] fetter(s), late ;— sg. coll. בַךּ׳
רגליו עִנּוּψ 105:18 they humbled his feet with fetters ( || ;) ַבּ ְרזֶל pl. cstr. אסר
ְבּ ַכ ְבלֵי ַב ְרזֶל149:8 ( || ) זִקִּים
√ ( כבןof foll., meaning dub. ; NH ָכּבַן, Aramaic כבן, = wrap round, wrap up ) .
† כַּבּוֹן S 3522
GK 3887
n.pr.loc. in Judah Jos 15:40 poss. = foll., Χαβρα ,
L Χαββω .
Gal Galilee.
[ ָכּבַסS 3526
TWOT 946
GK 3891
] 51 vb. ( tread ), wash ( NH id. ; Ph. כבסas
pt. ; Assyrian kabâsu , tread , ( down ), subjugate , kilšu , step, path , Dl HWB
) — Qal
Pt. only ֵס
כוֹב ְמ ִסלַּת ְשׂדֵהhighway of fuller’s ( = treader’s, washer’s ) field Is 7:3 ;
36:2 = 2 K 18:17 . Pi. Pf. ֶס וְִכּבּconsec. Lv 13:6 + 11 times; ִכּבֵּסGn 49:11 2 S
19:25 , etc.; Impf. ֵס יְַכבּLv 11:25 + 16 times; 2 ms. sf. ְתּ ַכ ְבּ ֵסנִיψ 51:9 , etc.; Imv.
sf. סנִי
ֵ ַכּ ְבּ51:4 ; fs. ַכּ ְבּסִיJe 4:14 ; Pt. pl. ְמ ַכ ְבּסִיםMal 3:2 ;— 1. wash garments
(i.e. by treading ) Ex 19:10 , 14 ( E ), 2 S 19:25 ; fig. of Judah Gn 49:11 ; elsewhere
chiefly P : Lv 6:20 ; 11:25 , 28 ; 13:6 , 34 ; 15:11 Nu 8:9 + ; || ָחץ ( רwhich = wash
person ) Lv 14:8 , 9 ; 15:5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 + ( ך׳in Lv 27 times, || ר׳15 times;
in Nu 8 times, || ר׳3 times); Pt. = fuller ( cf. Qal), only ְך׳
מ בֹּרִיתMal 3:2 . † 2.
wash person, only poet. and fig. ֶר אִם ְתּ ַכ ְבּסִי ַבּנֶּתJe 2:22 ; ַכּ ְבּסִי ֵמ ָרעָה ִל ֵבּ ְך4:14 ; c.
sf. ψ 51:4 ( || ; טהר+ עוֹן
ָ ;) ֵמv 9 ( || ) ִחטֵּא. † Pu. Pf. וְֻכבַּסconsec. Lv 13:58 ;
15:17 be washed , of garment. † Hothp. ( Ges § 54, 3 ) Inf. ֵס אֶת־ ַהנֶּגַע אַ ֲחרֵי ֻה ַכּבּLv
13:55 after the plague is washed out , so v 56 .
† I. [ ָכּבַר S 3527 , 4342 TWOT 947 GK 3892 ] vb. be much, many ( Assyrian Kabâru
, be great, mighty ; kabru , great huge; Arabic be great , in body, rank, or age, great,
noble, aged; Ethiopic be honoured, magnified; honoured, glorious; Sab. epith. כברHal
Et.Sab. JAs . Dec. 1874, No. 90
ָרבָה, ִה ְרבָּה, (rare) much; Zinj. be
; Syriac for Heb.
abundant, numerous ) — Hiph. (only Elihu) make many , Jb 35:16 ִין ִבּ ְבלִי ַדעַת ִמלּ
( יְַכבִּרcf. וְיֶרֶב ֲא ָמרָיו34:37 ) > make great , Bu Beitr. 138 , comparing 8:2 ; ַמ ְכבִּירwith
the force of a subst. ( Ew § 160 c ) 36:31 ִיר יתן אכל ְל ַמ ְכבּgiveth food in abundance (
= prose ָרֹב ל, e.g. 2 Ch 11:23 ).
† ַכּבִּיר S 3524
TWOT 947a
GK 3888
adj. great, mighty, much , only poet., and
only Jb Is 1 :— Is 10:13 Qr (but read as Kt ) כְּאַבִּיר, 17:22 and 28:2 מים
( כביריםusually ) ַמיִם ַרבִּים, Jb 8:2 ורוח כביר אמרי פיךa mighty wind, 15:10
( כביר מאביך ימיםGes § 131, R 5 a ) = aged: of God, 34:17 ַצדִּיק ַכּבִּירthe just
mighty one, 36:5 a, v b ֵב ך׳ כֹּ ַח לmighty in strength of understanding; 34:24
כביריםmighty men; of quantity = much , Is 16:14 ְשׁאָר ְמעַט ִמזְעָר לוֹא ַכבִּיר,
Jb 31:25 ובי כביר מצאה ידיhad gotten much .
† I. ָר
ְכּבS 3528 , 3529
TWOT 947c , 947d
GK 3893 , 3894
adv. (late) already ( freq. in
Mish. and NH ; ( כברrare) Syriac usually perhaps , occas. already ( Mt 11:21
Hb 10:2 ); Mand. כבארalready , Nö M . p. 202 . Der. uncertain, connexion with √
כברbeing dub. ) — already , Ec 1:10 ָהיָה ְכּבָרit hath already been, 2:12 , 16 ;
( ×2 )
3:15 ; 4:2 ; 6:10 ; 9:6 , 7 .
† II. ָר
ְכּבS 3528 , 3529 TWOT 947c , 947d GK 3893 , 3894 n.pr. fl. Kĕbār , a river (or
perhaps a canal) of Babylonia, not at present identified, by wh. the exiles, among
whom Ez. ministered, were settled; always in the phr. ָר נְהַר ְכּבEz 1:1 , 3 ; 3:15 ,
Par. 47f., 184
23 ; 10:15 , 20 , 22 ; 43:3 ( cf. Sm Ez 1:1 Del ).
† [ ִיר
ָכּבS 3523 TWOT 948a GK 3889 ] n. [ m. ] prob. something netted , i.e.
either a quilt or ( Ew H 3. 77 Ke ) a fly-net ( κωνωπει̂ον ) spread over the face while a
person was asleep; 1 S 19:13 , 16 עזִּים ִ ְכּבִיר ָהa quilt (or fly-net ) of goats(’ hair).
Vid. further Dr ad loc.
Hoffm G. Hoffmann.
GGAbh. Gött.Gel.Abhandlungen .
Ew H. Ewals, History of Isr. (Neg. Trans. of Ew G(esch.) );
† ֵר
ַמ ְכבּS 4346 TWOT 948c GK 4802 n. [ m. ] a netted cloth or coverlet ; 2 K
8:15 of the cloth which Hazael dipped in water, and spread over Ben-hadad’s face to
smother him.
ֶ ֫כּבֶשׂ S 3532
TWOT 949
GK 3897
107 n. m. Ex 29:38 lamb ( √ dub. : NH id. ,
battering-ram; Assyrian kabšu , lamb according to COT Gloss. ; Arabic is ram,
leader; Syriac lamb , with anom. , is very rare, and prob. loan-word; Nö in Frä 109
)
— ך׳abs. Ex 29:39 + 43 times; pl. ָשׂים ִ ְכּבv 38 + 61 times; sf. ָשׂי ַ ְכּבJb
31:20 ;— 1. lamb , for sacrif.: Is 1:11 ; of daily offering Ex 29:38 , 39 ( ×2 ) , 40 ,
41 Nu 28:3 , 4 ( ×2 ) + 12 times Nu 28 ; sin-offering Lv 4:32 ; purification 12:6 ;
14:10 + 5 times Lv 14 ; dedication of altar Nu 7:15 + 25 times Nu 7 ; offerings in
7th month 29:2 + 22 times Nu 29 , etc. (87 times Ex Lv Nu all P ); in Ezekiel’s
temple Ez 46:4 + 6 times Ez 46 ; 1 Ch 29:21 2 Ch 29:21 , 22 , 32 ; 35:7 Ezr
8:35 , cf. sim. Je 11:19 . 2. lambs , as grazing; symb. of devastation Is 5:17 ( cf.
Gie Beitr. 1890 ), sim. of Isr. Ho 4:16 ; in predict. ִם־ך׳
וְגָר זְאֵב עIs 11:6 . 3. lambs ,
as furnishing wool for clothing: Jb 31:20 גֵּז ך׳, Pr 27:26 ְבוּשׁ֑ ָך
ֶ ך׳ ִלל.
† ְשׂה
ָ ִכּב S 3535
TWOT 950
GK 3898
, ְשׂה
ָ ַכּבn. f. ewe-lamb ; ךִּ׳2 S 12:3 , 6 ;
ךַּ׳Lv 14:10 Nu 6:14 ; cstr. ְשׂתַ ִכּב2 S 12:4 ; pl. ְכּבָשֹׂתGn 21:29 , 30 ; cstr.
ִכּבְשֹׂתv 28 ;— ewe-lambs (7) set in witness Gn 21:28 , 29 , 30 ( E ); used in
sacrif. Lv 14:10 (purif.), Nu 6:14 (Nazirite; both P , and both || ֶשׂ
;) ֶכּבfor fodd, in
Nathan’s parable 2 S 12:3 , 4 , 6 .
† ֶ ֫כּ ֶשׂב S 3775
TWOT 949
GK 4166
n. [ m. ] lamb ( transp. from preceding ) —
† ִשׂבָּה
ְכּ S 3776
TWOT 949
GK 4167
n. f. ewe-lamb Lv 5:6 ( P ).
† ֶ ֫כּבֶשׁ S 3534
TWOT 951a
GK 3900
n. [ m. ] footstool (late) ( NH id. , step,
† ְשׁן
ָ ִכּבS 3536 TWOT 952 GK 3901 n. m. kiln , for lime or pottery ( so Ki , AW
; Mishn. Kel vii. 9 ; √ and original meaning dub. ; according to Thes as subduing,
reducing its contents, cf. igne ferrum domatur Plin Nat. Hist. 36. 27 ) —always abs. ;
only in ַךּ׳
ה קִיטוֹר Gn 19:28 ( J ; sim. of smoke of ָר
ִכּכּ, Sodom and Gom.) ֶשׁן
ֶע
הַךּ׳Ex 19:18 ( E ; sim. of smoke fo Sinai); ך׳ פִּי ַחashes of klin Ex 9:8 , cf. v
10 (both P ).
כדדTWOT 953
( √ of foll.; Arabic is toil severely; fatigue, weary, harass, tread;
mortar in which things are pounded, bruised; what remains in bottom of cooking-pot )
† כַּד S 3537
TWOT 953a
GK 3902
n. f. jar ( NH id. ; Aramaic ָא
כַּד — ) ַכּדּabs.
1 K 17:12 Ec 12:6 ; cstr. 1 K 17:14 , 16 ; ך
ְ ַכּ ֵדּGn 24:14 , 17 , 43 etc.; pl.
ַכּדִּיםJu 7:16 ( ×2 ) + 3 times;—water- jar , carried on woman’s shoulder Gn 24:14 ,
15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 43 , 45 , 46 (all J ), 1 K 18:34 Ec 12:6 ; empty (of
AW Abu’l Walid.
Plin Pliny, Hist. Nat.
water), containing lamps Ju 7:16 , 19 , 20 ; containing meal 1 K 17:12 , 14 , 16 .
(On extra-Palest. hist. of this word cf. Lag BN 104 .)
† [ ִידוֹד כּS 3590 TWOT 953b GK 3958 ] n. m. spark ( from above √ , = strike out
a spark, according to Thes RobGes , cf. Sta § 216 (doubtfully), Lag BN 182 Kö ii.
147, § 71. 1
; NH ִדּוֹד = כּrod (of iron, etc.); כִּדּוֹדִיּוֹת ֶשׁל אֵשׁi.e. red-hot rods; but Ba
NB § 142, 139
der. this and כּדְכֹּד
ַ from √ = כידArabic emit fire (said of a fire-stick, ,
Lane 2639 b, cf. 1257 b
), and so Buhl ) —only pl. cstr. כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ Jb 41:11 of
breath of crocodile ( || ִידִים
) ַלפּ.
† ַכּדְכֹּד S 3539
TWOT 953c
GK 3905
n. [ m. ] a precious stone, perhaps ruby (
from sparkle ? Aramaic || is דנָא
ָ ך׳ ; ) ַכּ ְד ְכּEz 27:16 as article of commerce; ַכּדְכֹֿד
Is 54:12 fig. in promise to Zion.
ְכּדֵי v. דַּי.
כדרTWOT 954
( √ of foll.;
cf. Arabic VII. shoot or fish down (of hawk, star, etc.;
also of an attacking force) so Thes Fl in De Job 15 , 24 Buhl Di al. ; v. also
mod. Arabic annoy, vex, reprimand , Spiro Vocab ; oftener be dark, gloomy, turbid ,
whence > = כידורseething tumult, of battle, cf. Kö ii, 147, § 71. 1 ) .
ָ ֫כּכָה S 3602
TWOT 956
GK 3970
37 adv. thus ( NH abbrev. to ך
ְ ָכּ, with preps. בֵּין
ָכּ ְךmeanwhile , ְלפִי ָכ ְךtherefore; prob. either from כָהand ְךּ, lit. as thus , Ol § 223 h ;
or from ָה כָּה כKö ii. 1, 253 ) , somewhat more emph. than כֹּה, usually prefixed to
word which it qualifies: — Ex 12:11 וככה תאכלו אתוand thus shall ye eat it,
29:35 Nu 8:26 ; 11:15 ואם ככה את עשׂה לי, 15:11 , 12 , 13 Dt 25:9 ; 29:23 (
cf. 1 K 9:8 Je 22:8 ); so often with עשׂה: 1 S 19:17 למה ככה רמיתניwhy hast
thou thus deceived me? 2 S 17:21 1 K 1:6 , 48 ; Je 13:9 ; 19:11 ; 28:11 ; 51:64 ;
once with an adj. 2 S 13:4 ָה דל מדוע אתה ָככwhy art thou thus lean? Ec 11:5
answering to ֲשׁר
ֶ ; ַכּאψ 144:15 העם ֶשׁ ָכּכָה לוֹthe people to which it is thus . Once
2 Ch 18:19 repeated, in this way … in that way ( || 1 K 22:20 ְכֹה) בְּכֹה … בּ.
S Chr-Pal. Evang. (Lagarde).
Comp. the syn. ָזֹאת
( כּv. p. 262 ). With a prep. once, in late Hebrew, Est 9:26
עַל־ ֶכּ֫כָהconcerning such a matter . With the interrog. אי, אֵי ָככָהhow? (p. 32).
† I. [ ָכּהָהS 3543
TWOT 957
GK 3908 , 3909
] vb. be or grow dim, faint ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ָא
; ְכּהcf. Arabic be , i.e. weak, cowardly ) — Qal Pf. 3 fs. כָּֽ ֲהתָהDt 34:7 ;
Impf. יְִכהֶהIs 42:4 ; 3 fs. ִתּ ְכהֶהZc 11:17 ; וַ ֵתּ֫כַהּJb 17:7 ; ָ וַ ִתּ ְכהֶיןGn 27:1 : Inf.
abs. כָּהֹהZc 11:17 ;— grow dim , of eye Gn 27:11 ( J ), Dt 34:7 Jb 17:7 ; of violent
putting out of eye Zc 11:17 ( ×2 )
; he shall not grow dim Is 42:4 , of servant of י׳under
fig. of lamp or fire ( v. Kay Che De ), or grow faint ( cf. Di ). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. וְִכ ֲהתָה
consec. Ez 21:12 (subj. ח
ַ כָּל־לֵב || ; כָּל־רוּ ) וְנָמֵסgrow faint (Pi intrans. , Ges § 52 k
,
Kö i. 187
; but read perhaps ָה
) כָּֽ ֲהת.
† [ ֶה
ֵכּהS 3544
TWOT 957a
GK 3910
] adj. dim, dull, faint ; only f. ֵכּהָה Lv 13:6
+ 6 times; pl. כֵּהוֹת Lv 13:39 1 S 3:2 ;— dim , of eyes 1 S 3:2 ; of burning wick (
ִשׁתָּה ך׳
ְ) פּ Is 42:3 ; dull (in colour, of plague-spots) Lv 13:6 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 39 ,
56 ; fig. = faint ך׳ רוּ ַח Is 61:3 ( opp. ) ַמ ֲעטֵה ְת ִהלָּה.
† ֵכּהָה S 3545
TWOT 957b
GK 3911
n. f. (dimming), lessening, alleviation ;—
ְשׁ ְב ְר ָך
ִ אֵין ך׳ לof Nineveh Na 3:19 (read ָה
גֵּה, healing ?).
√ ( כהןof foll.; meaning dub. , v. Dr 2 S 8:18 ; Arabic vb. is divine , and ( Qor
52:29) is a seer , the organ (mostly) of a jinn, rarely of a god: the and the ֵן
כֹּהmust have
been orig. identical (both alike being guardians of an oracle, at a sanctuary); but their
functions diverged: the gradually lost his connexion with the sanctuary, and sank to be a
mere diviner; the כהןacquired fuller sacrif. functions: v. RS Ency. Brit. ed. 9, xix. 727 ; We
Skizzen iii. 130 ff., 167
; Now Arch. ii. 89 f.
; Ph כהןis priest , כהנתpriestess . )
Kay W. Kay.
Ency. Brit. Encyclopaedia Britanica, 9 th ed.
כֹּהֵן S 3548
TWOT 959a
GK 3913
750 n. m. priest ( NH ; כֹּהֵןAramaic ָכּהֵין,
; ַכּ ֲהנָאEthiopic all id. ; on Ph. and Arabic v. supr. ) ;— ך׳Gn 14:18 + 439
times; pl. הנִים ֲ ֹ כּEx 19:6 + 272 times; cstr. כֹּ ֲהנֵי1 S 5:5 + 13 times; sf.
כֹּ ֲהנַיLa 1:19 + 22 times; sfs. — † 1. priest-king: e.g. Melchizedek Gn 14:18 (E
?), cf. ψ 110:4 (the Messianic priest-King like Melchizedek); Zc 6:13 (Messianic
priest and king); Israel הנִיםֲ ֹ ַמ ְמ ֶלכֶת כּEx 19:6 ( E ) a kingdom of priests (priests
and kings at once in their relation to the nations); cf. Is 61:6 (of Israel ministering
as a priest); or a chieftain (exercising priestly functions) דיָןְ כֹּהֵן ִמEx 2:16 ; 3:1 ;
18:1 (all JE); so also probably the sons of David 2 S 8:18 , his grandson 1 K 4:5 ;
and Ira the Jairite 2 S 20:26 , who as princes performed priestly functions. With these
we may class the כהניםEx 19:22 , 24 ( J ). † 2. priests of other religions than י׳
’s: Potiphera אֹן ך׳Gn 41:45 , 50 ( E ), 46:20 ( P ); Egyptian כהניםGn 47:22 (
×2 )
, 26 ( J ); ך׳ דָגוֹן1 S 5:5 ; Philistine כהנים וקסמים1 S 6:2 ; הנָיו
ֲ ֹ כּhis
priests: e.g. of Baal 2 K 10:19 = of Ahab 2 K 10:11 ; of Chemosh Je 48:7 ; of
Malcam Je 49:3 ; Mattan was ך׳ הבעל2 K 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17 ; הכהנים
הכמרים עם Zp 1:4 ; Josiah burned the bones of the priests of the Baalim and
Asherim 2 Ch 34:5 . † 3. priests of special orders in Israel: a. Micah in the hill-
country of Ephraim consecrated his own son ֵן וַיְהִ־לוֹ לְכֹהJu 17:5 ; but so soon as
he could secure Jonathan ben Gershom, a descendant of Moses (see VB Ju 18:30 ),
he consecrated him, היה ל׳ לכהןJu 17:10 , 12 , 13 ; 18:4 , 19 ; ֵן הַכֹּהv 6 , 17 ,
18 , 20 , 24 , 27 . He was captured by the Danites, and he and his line became
priests at Dan until the Exile, v 19 ( ×2 ) , 30 . b. Jeroboam עשׂה כהנים1 K 12:31
of those not לוי מבני, as ך׳ ( ַה)בָּמוֹתpriests of ( the ) high places 1 K 12:32 ; 13:2
, 33 = ך׳ לבמות2 Ch 11:15 ; Amaziah (of this class) was ך׳ בית־אלAm
( ×2 )
7:10 ; v. also 2 Ch 13:9 ; called by Chr ְלֹא אלהים ך׳ לv 9 ; yet Hosea rebukes
them as priests of י׳Ho 4:4 , 9 ; 5:1 ; 6:9 ; at the Exile they were deported by the
Assyrians 2 K 17:27 , 28 . c. the people imported into Samaria made some of
themselves ך׳ במותto worship י׳the God of the land 2 K 17:32 . † 4. priests in
Israel הכהניםwho bore the ark and the trumpets Jos 3:13 , 14 , 15 , 17 ; 4:3 , 9 ,
10 , 17 , 18 ( ×2 ) ; 6:4 ( ×2 ) , 6 ( ×2 ) , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 16 (all JE), 1 K 8:3 , 6 , 10
, 11 ; Eli was הכהן1 S 1:9 ; 2:11 ; ך׳ יהוה14:3 ; and his sons ך׳ ליהוה1 S 1:3 ;
a הנִים
ֲ ֹהַכּ ִשׁפַּט
ְמ 1 S 2:13 mentions the ministering priest הכהןand the ַךּ׳
ה נַעַר
1 S 2:13 , 14 , 15 ( ×2 )
, Ahijah was ַךּ׳
הin time of Saul 1 S 14:19 ( ×2 )
; 36 ;
Abimelech ַךּ׳
הat Nob, a priestly centre, 1 S 21:2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 ; 22:11 ;
where were many י׳ כֹּ ֲהנֵי 1 S 22:17 ( ×2 )
, 21 , all slain by Saul except Abiathar son
of Ahimelech 1 S 22:11 , 18 ( ×2 )
, 19 , who became ַךּ׳
ה1 S 23:9 ; 30:7 1 K 1:7 ,
19 , 25 , 42 ; 2:22 , 26 ; Zadok later was ַךּ׳
ה2 S 15:27 1 K 1:8 , 26 , 32 , 34 ,
38 , 39 , 44 , 45 ; 2:35 ; 3:2 1 Ch 16:39 ; 24:6 : so that the two were (ה)כהנים2
S 8:17 = 1 Ch 18:16 (read ֶן־אח׳ וְ ֶא ְביָתָר בּ2 S 8:17 S We Dr , and correct 1
Ch 18:16 accordingly) 2 S 15:35 ( ×2 ) ; 17:15 ; 19:12 ; 20:25 1 K 4:4 ; Sol.
removed Abiathar 1 K 2:27 and Zadok was anointed ֵן לְכֹהaccording to 1 Ch 29:22
; cf. prediction of rejection of house of Eli and selection of ָן
נֶ ֱאמ ך׳ 1 S 2:28 , 35 ;
Jehoiada ַךּ׳ הled the revolution against Athaliah 2 K 11:9 ( ×2 ) , 10 , 15 ( ×2 ) , 18 ;
12:3 , 8 , 10 = 2 Ch 22:11 ; 23:8 ( ×2 ) , 9 , 14 ( ×2 ) ; 24:2 , 20 , 25 , perhaps also
Je 29:26 ; הנהניםsustaining him in his reforms 2 K 12:5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 17 ;
Uriah was ַךּ׳ הin the reign of Ahaz 2 K 16:10 , 11 ( ×2 ) , 15 , 16 Is 8:2 ; Hilkiah of
Josiah 2 K 22:10 , 12 , 14 ; 23:24 2 Ch 34:14 , 18 . Other individual priests are
named, e.g.: Pahhur of Jehoiachin Je 20:1 ; Zephaniah of Zedekiah Je 21:1 ; 29:25 ,
26 , 29 ; 37:3 ; ַךּ׳ הis Ezekiel’s title Ez 1:3 . Priests are classed with officials of
state: prophets and priests 2 K 23:2 Is 28:7 Je 5:31 ; 6:13 ; 8:10 ; 14:18 ; 23:11 ,
33 , 34 ; 26:7 , 8 , 11 , 16 ; 29:1 La 2:20 ; 4:13 ; priests and elders La 1:19 ;
4:16 ; king and priest La 2:6 ; kings, priests, and prophets Je 13:13 ; kings, princes,
and priests Je 1:18 ; princes, enuchs, and priests Je 34:19 ; priest, sage, and prophet
Je 18:18 ; chiefs, priests, and prophets Mi 3:11 ; prophets, priests, and elders Ez 7:26
; kings, princes, priests, and prophets Je 2:26 ; 4:9 ; 8:1 ; 32:32 ; princes, judges,
prophets, and priests Zp 3:4 ; seeming to exclude any other officials. Apparently in
the same generic sense הכהניםJe 1:1 ; 2:8 ; 27:16 ; 28:1 , 5 ; 29:25 ; 31:14 ;
כַּכֹּהֵן Is 24:2 ; כהניםJb 12:19 ; כהניהLa 1:4 Ez 22:26 ; כהניוψ 78:64 . Moses
and Aaron among his priests ψ 99:6 includes Moses (against P ). Zion’s priests
clothed with righteousness and salvation ψ 132:9 , 16 = 2 Ch 6:41 , prob. here
also. † 5. Levitical priests הנִים
ֲ ֹ ַה ְלוִיִּם הַכּDt 17:9 , 18 ; 18:1 ; 24:8 ; 27:9 Jos
3:3 ; 8:33 (all D ), Je 33:18 (inverted), v 21 (neither in ), 2 Ch 5:5 ( =
וְהַלּ׳ הַךּ׳ 1 K 8:4 : Chronicler retains original Deuteronomic reading), Ez 43:19 ;
44:15 ( cf. 6 ); לוִי
ֵ הַךּ׳ ְבנֵי Dt 21:5 ; 31:9 ; לל׳ לקח לך׳ Is 66:21 take for priests,
for Levites (of the nations in Messianic age). Doubtless of same class are: הנִים
ֲ ֹהַכּ
Dt 18:3 ; 19:17 Jos 3:6 , 8 ; 4:11 ( D ); and ֵן הַכֹּה, the priest officiating on a
partic. occasion Dt 18:3 ; 20:2 ; or holding a partic. dignity 17:12 ; 26:3 , 4 . The
כהניםof the other cities of Judah, ך׳ הבמות, who were not allowed to minister in
Jerusalem 2 K 23:8 ( ×2 ) , 9 , 20 , may be an attempt to enforce an exclusion from
the priesthood of all but Levitical priests. † 6. Zadokite priests: Ezekiel distinguishes
among הכהנים הלויםthose of the seed of Zadok, ָדוֹק ; ְבּנֵי צall but the latter
excluded by him from priesthood 40:46 ; 43:19 ; 44:15 ; 48:11 ; the priests of his
code being all Zadokites 40:45 , 46 ; 42:13 , 14 ; 43:24 , 27 ; 44:21 , 22 , 30 ( ×2 )
, 31 ; 45:4 , 19 ; 46:2 , 19 , 20 ; 48:10 , 13 . 7. Aaronic priests . In H . it is taken
for granted that a priest is of the seed of Aaron; the pl. is never used; ֵן כֹּהis used
for any priest Lv 21:9 ; 22:10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ; ֵן הַכֹּהfor Aaron Lv 21:21 , and for
the official priest (acting for the priesthood, almost collective) Lv 17:5 , 6 ; 22:14 ;
23:10 , 11 , 20 ( ×2 ) ; 27:8 ( ×3 ) , 11 , 12 ( ×2 ) , 14 ( ×2 ) , 18 , 21 , 23 . The priests
of P are ֲרֹן ְבּנֵי אַהLv 1:5 , 8 , 11 ; 2:2 ; 3:2 ; 21:1 Nu 3:3 ; 10:8 Jos 21:19 ;
so in Chronicles 2 Ch 13:9 , 10 ; 26:18 ; 29:21 ; 31:19 ; 35:14 ( ×2 ) ; ֵן
הַכֹּהis used
of Aaron 22 times, Eleazar 29 times, Phinehas Jos 22:30 and elsewhere; 180 times
of ministering priests, or generic of the priests; הכהניםLv 6:22 ; 7:6 ; 13:2 ; 16:33
Jos 4:16 ; כהןLv 6:16 . Chronicles distinguishes לוִיִּםְ הַכֹּ ֲהנִים וְ ַה1 Ch 13:2 ;
15:11 , 14 ; 23:2 ; 24:6 , 31 ; 28:13 , 21 2 Ch 8:15 ; 11:13 ; 13:9 , 10 ; 23:4 ;
24:5 ; 29:4 ; 30:15 , 25 ; 31:2 ( ×2 ) , 4 , 9 ; 34:30 ; 35:8 , 18 (the variants without
ְ ו2 Ch 23:18 ; 30:27 are due to copyists’ errors). Ezr 1:5 ; 2:70 ; 3:8 , 12 ; 6:20 ;
7:7 ; 8:29 , 30 ; 9:1 Ne 7:72 ; 8:13 ; 11:3 ; 12:1 , 30 , 44 ( ×2 )
; 13:30 ; הלוים
והכהנים 2 Ch 19:8 ; 30:21 ; priests, Levites, and others 1 Ch 9:2 Ezr 10:5 Ne
10:1 , 29 , 35 ; 11:20 ; לוִי
ֵ ְבּנֵיantith. to הַךּ׳ Ezr 8:15 ; הכהן
בן אהרן עם הלוים
Ne 10:39 ; (ה)כהניםin Chr 67 times has the same reference, as also הנֵינוּ
ֲ ֹ כּEzr 9:7
Ne 9:32 , 34 ; ֵן
כֹּהEzr 2:63 = Ne 7:65 ; ך׳ ליהוה2 Ch 26:17 ; כהניוHis
(God’s) priests 2 Ch 13:12 ; ֶה
ך׳ מוֹרteaching priest 2 Ch 15:3 ; הַכֹּהֵןis used of
Jehoiada in time of David 1 Ch 27:5 , and Azariah int he reign of Uzziah 2 Ch 26:17
. In the literature of the restoration ֵן
הַכֹּהis used of Ezra, Ezr 7:11 ; 10:10 , 16 Ne
8:2 , 9 ; 12:26 ; Uriah Ezr 8:33 ; Eliashib Ne 13:4 ; Shelemiah Ne 13:13 ; הכהנים
Jo 1:9 , 13 ; 2:17 Hg 2:11 , 12 , 13 Zc 7:5 Mal 1:6 ; 2:1 ; priests and prophets
Zc 7:3 ; כהןMal 2:7 . 8. the high priest: ֵן
הַכֹּהis frequently used ( 4 ) to designate
the priest who was at the head of priestly affairs. The adj. הגָּדוֹלַ first appears of
Jehoiada 2 K 12:11 , then of Hilkiah 2 K 22:4 , 8 ; 23:4 2 Ch 34:9 ; after the exile,
of Joshua Hg 1:1 , 12 , 14 ; 2:2 , 4 Zc 3:1 , 8 ; 6:11 , and Eliashib Ne 3:1 , 20 ;
13:28 . But P uses it of Aaron and his eldest descendants who are anointed with holy
oil Lv 21:10 ( H ; ָיו
) הך׳ ֶהגָּדוֹל ֶמ ֶאה, Nu 35:25 , 28 ( ×2 ) Jos 20:6 , and so הַךּ׳
ָשׁי ַה
ִ ַהמּ
Lv 4:3 , 5 , 16 ; 6:15 , cf. 16:32 . ָרֹאשׁ ך׳ הis used of Seraiah 2 K 25:18
= Je 52:24 ; and, in Chronicler, of Amariah 2 Ch 19:11 , Jehoiada 2 Ch 24:11 ,
Azariah, 2 Ch 26:20 ; 31:10 ; of Aaron Ezr 7:5 . (We also supposes הרואהin 2 S
15:27 to be a corruption of הראשׁ, which he regards as postexilic insertion. The text
is corrupt [see Dr Sm . l.c. ]; but this correction is improbable. Lists of high priests
occur 1 Ch 50:30–41 ; 6:35–38 .) A priest of second rank ( ֵן ִשׁנֶה כֹּהְ ) (ה)מappears
in 2 K 23:4 ( cstr. pl. incorrect), 25:18 = Je 52:24 ; ַךּ׳
ה זִ ְקנֵי2 K 19:2 = Is
37:2 , Je 19:1 ; ַךּ׳
ה ָשׂרֵי 2 Ch 36:14 Ezr 8:24 , 29 ; 10:5 ; ַךּ׳ ָאשׁי ה
ֵ רNe 12:7 .
† [ ַן
ָכּהS 3547
TWOT 959
GK 3912
] vb. only Pi.denom. act as priest ;— Pf. ִכּהֵן
Ex 40:13 1 Ch 5:36 ; 3 mpl. ִכּהֲנוּ Ex 28:41 ; 40:15 ; Impf. 3 ms. יְַכהֵןNu 3:4
+ 2 times; pl. ֲנוּ
יְַכה1 Ch 24:2 ; Inf. cstr. ַכּהֵןEx 29:1 + 11 times; sf. ֲנוֹ ַכּהEx
28:1 , 3 , 4 .— 1. minister as a priest , abs. Ex 31:10 ; 35:19 ; 39:41 Lv 16:32
Nu 3:3 , 4 (all P ); ִי
ל ך׳minister to me ( ) י׳ Ex 28:1 , 3 , 4 , 41 ; 29:1 , 44 ;
30:30 ; 40:13 , 15 (all P ), Ez 44:13 Ho 4:6 ; ך׳ ליהוהLv 7:35 ( P ), 1 Ch 5:36
; 24:2 2 Ch 11:14 (always of Aaron and his sons, except Ez 44:13 2 Ch 11:14 ,
where Levites are forbidden to minister; and Ho 4:6 of Israel, whose national
priesthood is taken away). 2. be or become priest Dt 10:6 ( E ?). 3. play the priest:
ֶכּ ָחתָן יְַכהֵן ְפּאֵרIs 61:10 as a bridegroom ( that ) priests it with his turban , decks
himself with a splendid turban such as the priests wore.
3:10 ; pl. ְכּהֻנּוֹת1 S 2:36 .— יהוה כהנתpriesthood of י׳, the portion of the Levites
Jos 18:7 ( D ); pl. priest’s offices 1 S 2:36 ; elsewhere Ex 29:9 ; 40:15 Nu 3:10 ;
16:10 ; 18:1 , 7 ( ×2 ) ; 25:13 (all P ), Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64 , Ne 13:29 ( ×2 ) .
† כּוּבS 3552
GK 3915
n.pr. gent. Ez 30:5 , read לוּב Sta Pop.Jav.6
Co , cf.
Sm .
† כּוֹבַע S 3553
TWOT 960
GK 3916
n. m. helmet ( √ dub. ; NH כּוֹבַע, Aramaic
כּוֹ ְבעָאturban; cf. קוֹבַע Ez 23:24 ) — abs. ך׳Ez 27:10 ; כּוֹ ָב֑ע38:5 ; cstr. ֫כּוֹבַע
( Ew § 213 f.
) 1 S 17:5 Is 59:17 ; pl. ִים
כּוֹ ָבע Je 46:4 2 Ch 26:14 ;— helmet , of
bronze ַל־רֹאשׁוֹ
ע ְחשׁת
ֶ ך׳ נ1 S 17:5 ; Je 46:4 Ez 27:10 ; 38:5 2 Ch 26:14 ; fig.
of י׳, ָה
ַשּׁ ְריָן וְך׳ יְשׁוּע
ִ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַיְִּלבַּשׁ ְצ ָדקָה כּ Is 59:17 .
†[ ָכּוָהS 3554
TWOT 961
GK 3917
] vb. burn, scorch, brand ( NH id. ; Aramaic
especially Pa.; Arabic cauterize ) — Niph. Impf. 2 ms. ִתּ ָכּוֶהIs 43:2 thou shalt not be
;) ָבּע3 fpl. וְ ַרְגלָיו לֹא ִתּ ָכּוֶי֑נָהPr 6:28 shall a man walk on
scorched ( fig. of Isr., || ַר
the coals and his feet not be burned? ( || ַף ָשׂרof garments v 27 ).
† ְכּוִיָּה S 3555
TWOT 961b
GK 3918
n. f. id. ; ך׳ ך׳ ַתּחַת Ex 21:25 .
†[ כּוּלS 3557
TWOT 962
GK 3920
] vb. comprehend, contain ( NH , Aramaic id. ,
measure, measure out , of dry or liquid measure; Syriac Aph. id. ; Arabic measure grain )
— Qal Pf. only Is 40:12 ְשׁלִשׁ
ָ ֲעפַר הָאָרֶץ מִי … כָּל בּwho hath comprehended the
dust of the earth in a shalish - measure? Pilp. Pf. ֵל ִכּ ְלכּ2 S 19:33 ; sf. ִכּ ְל ְכּלָם1 K
18:4 ; 2 ms. sf. ָם ִכּ ְל ַבּ ְלתּNe 9:21 , etc.; Impf. יְַכ ְלכֵּלZc 11:16 + , etc.; Inf. cstr.
ַכּ ְלכֵּלJe 20:9 + , etc.; Pt. ְמ ַכ ְלכֵּלMal 3:2 ;— sustain, maintain, contain: 1. sustain,
support, nourish , sq. acc. pers. Gn 45:11 ; 50:21 (both E ), 2 S 19:33 , 34 ; 20:3 1
K 4:7a ( v b abs. ), 5:7 ; 17:4 , 9 Ne 9:21 Ru 4:15 ψ 55:23 Zc 11:16 (of sheep);
sq. acc. pers. + rei (food) Gn 47:12 ( J ), 1 K 18:4 , 13 . 2. contain , sq. acc. pers. 1
K 8:27 2 Ch 2:5 ; 6:18 (heavens cannot contain ;) י׳hold in, restrain Yahweh’s word
within one, Je 20:9 . 3. support, endure , sickness ִישׁ
א יְכַל׳ ַמ ֲח ֵל֑הוּ רוּ ַחPr 18:14 Mal
3:2 ( obj. ֶת־יוֹם בּוֹאוֹ ;) אof sustaining a cause, in court, ִשׁפָּט
ְ יְכַל׳ ְדּ ָברָיו ְבּמψ 112:5 .
Polp. Pf. 3 pl. ְלוּ ָכּ ְלכּwere supplied with food 1 K 20:27 ( Klo proposes ) ַבִּגּלְבֹּ ַע
Hiph. Impf. ִיל יָכ1 K 7:26 + 2 times etc.; Inf. cstr. ָהכִילJe 6:11 + 5 times;—
contain, hold, hold in, endure; 4. contain , sq. acc. (of liquid) 1 K 7:26 , 38 2 Ch 4:5
; in fig. Je 2:13 , abs. Ez 23:32 ; (of burnt-offering) 1 K 8:64 2 Ch 7:7 ; hold in
(wrath of י׳, obj. not expr.), Je 6:11 ( opp. ךְ ;) ָשׁ ַפon Ez 21:33 v. אָכַל. 5. sustain,
endure , sq. acc. Am 7:10 Je 1:10 Jo 2:11 .
† ַכּלְכֹּל S 3633
GK 4004
n.pr. m. one of the wise men whom Solomon surpassed
1 K 5:11 1 Ch 2:6 ( on format. v. Ba NB 206
).
כוםTWOT ( √ of foll.; Arabic II. is heap up, accumulate; heap; herd of camels,
963
† כִּימָה S 3598
GK 3966
n. f. perhaps Pleiades ( v. supr. NH id. ; כִּימָא,
S ) —as made by י׳, Am 5:8 ( || ) ְכּסִיל, Jb 9:9 ( || עָשׁ, ְכּסִיל, ;) ַח ְדרֵי ֵתמָןand
under his control, ַנּוֹת ך׳ ַמ ֲעדJb 38:31 ( || משׁכוֹת ְכּסִיל
ְ ).—(Stern Jüd. Zeitschr. f. Wissen.
u. Leben. iii. (1864–65) 258 ff.
Nö in Schenkel BL Hoffm ZAW iii. 107 ff. interpret עשׁas
Pleiades, and כימהas Sirius).
Po lēl. Pf. 3 ms. כּוֹנֵן ψ 9:8 + 3 times, וְכוֹנֵןconsec. Hb 2:12 ; sf. כּוֹנְנָהּIs
45:18 ; 2 ms. תּ ָ ְ כּוֹ ֲבנψ 99:4 ; 119:90 , כּוֹנָ֑נְתָּהψ 8:4 , etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכוֹנֵןIs
62:7 ; sf. ך ָ ֶ וַיְכֹנְ ֑נDt 32:6 , יְכוֹנְנֶ ָהψ 24:2 + , sf. 1 pl. וַיְֻכנֶנּוּJb 31:15 ( וַיְכוּנֶּנוּvan
d. H. ); 2 ms. ְכוֹנֵן תּψ 7:10 ; 21:13 , etc.; Imv. כּוֹנֵןJb 8:8 (but on text v. infra ),
כּוֹנְנָהψ 90:17 , sf. כּוֹנְנֵהוּψ 90:17 ;—orig. make firm; — 1. set up, establish: a. of
men, found , a city Hb 2:12 ( || ) בנה, ψ 107:36 . b. of God establish , king’s throne 2 S
7:13 = 1 Ch 17:12 , his own throne ψ 9:8 ( ָט ִשׁפּ
ְ ) ְלמ, sanctuary Ex 15:7 (song), a
nation Dt 32:6 (poem; || קנה, ) עשׂה, a city ψ 48:9 ; 87:5 Is 62:7 , ֵל ֵתּבψ 24:2 ( c.
עַל, || ) יָסַד, ֶארֶץ119:90 , cf. Is 45:18 , also ψ 68:10 ( obj. om., read perhaps ֶארֶץ
ִציָּהBi Che ), heavens Pr 3:19 ( || ַד־אָרֶץ ֑ ) יָס, moon and stars ψ 8:4 ; fig. , steps of
men 40:3 , work of men’s hands 90:17 ( ×2 ) , justice 99:4 ; establish , i.e. vindicate and
make secure to righteous ( ִיק
) ַצדּ7:10 . 2. constitute, make , a man (in womb) Jb 31:15
( || ) עשׂה, cf. ψ 119:73 ( || id. ); c. acc. + ל
ְ rei + ְלpers. reflex. 2 S 7:24 thou hast
made for thyself ( ך
ָ ) ְל, thy people ( ) אֶת־ ַע ְמּ ָךIsrael for thyself ( ) ְל ָךinto a people (
) ְל ָעםfor ever. 3. fix , so as to be ready, arrow upon ( ) עַלstring ψ 11:2 so ( חֵץom.) ψ
21:13 ( c. ֶם ) עַל־ ְפּנֵיה, and poss. ( חֵץom.) Is 51:13 ( Di Che al. ; but dub. , cf.
Du ; verse corrupt according to Che Intr. Is. 427 ), a bow ψ 7:13 . 4. direct (sc. ֵב ) ל, sq.
ְל ֵחקֶרJb 8:8 , i.e. give attention to (but no || in Po l. ; read perhaps בּוֹנֵן, cf. Dt 32:10
v. Ol Di ). Po lal. Pf. be established: ֶר כּוֹנָ֑נוּ מי׳ ִמ ְצ ֲעדֵי־גֶבψ 37:23 from י׳are a
man’s steps established; = be prepared כּוֹנָנ֑וּEz 28:13 but del. Co Da after A B
S al. Hithpo l. Impf. ; be established , of house, 3 ms. יִתְכּוֹנָ֑ןPr 24:3 ( || ) יִָבּנֶה, of
nation, 2 fs. ִכּוֹנָ֑נִי ( תּGes § 54. 2. b ) Is 54:14 ; 3 fs. = תִּכּוֹנֵןbe restored , of city Nu
21:27 (JE; || בּנֶה ָ ;) ִתּset oneself, take one’s stand 3 mpl. יִכּוֹנָ֑נוּψ 59:5 .
Che T. K. Cheyene, Introduction to Isaiah.
B Vatican MS. of Septuagint.
† II. כֵּן S 3651 , 3652 , 3653 , 3654
TWOT 2790 , 964a , 998a , 999a
GK 4026 , 4027 , 4028 , 4029 , 4030 ,
abs. ֵן כּEx 10:29 + (on poss. cstr. v. 2 ad fin. ); pl. ֵכּנִיםGn 42:11 , 19 , 31 ,
33 , 34 ;— 1. right , usually indecl., often as subst. a right thing , especially c. vbb.
dicendi Ex 10:29 ( J ) תּ ָ כֵּן ִדּ ַבּ ְר, Nu 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, 36:5 (both P ); ֵכּן יַ ֲארִי ְך
Pr 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long ( v. De Now VB ); =
adv. aright , of pronunciation Ju 12:6 ; also c. vb. agendi Ec 8:10 (on Is 33:23
v. III. ֵן
כּsub ;) כנןright well ψ 65:10 ; ( Che ; al. = so ); c. לֹא, as adj. , not
right ִיםֲשׁר לֹא־כֵן ְדּ ָבר
ֶ א2 K 17:9 things which were not right ( vb. agendi ); of
heart of a fool Pr 15:7 ; Je 23:10 ; as subst. = what is not right, upright Je 8:6 ; c.
vb. agendi ֵן לֹא־כ2 K 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Je 48:30b . 2.
veritable, true , ָה כֵּן־ ְצ ָדקPr 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true
righteousness; Is 16:6 = Je 48:30a may be either their boastings are not true or (
Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie al. ) the untruth of their boastings ( ֵן לֹא־כas cpd.
cstr. ); abs. , in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Jos 2:4 . 3.
pl. concr. honest (men) Gn 42:11 , 19 , 31 , 33 , 34 (all E ).— I. ֵן כּthus, so , v.
p. 485 infr. ; III. ֵן
כּplace, base , v. sub I. ; כנןIV. כֵּן, ִכּנִּם, ִכּנָּם, v. sub כנן.
† כּוֹנַנְיָ֫הוּ S 3562
GK 3925
Kt, כּנַנְיָ֫הוּ
ֱ Qr , n.pr. m. Levites. 1. 2 Ch 31:12 , 13 (
v. Baer’s note). 2. 2 Ch 35:9 .— Χωμενιας, Χωνενιας , A Χωχενιας .
concr. concrete.
( Ιεχονιας throughout), all of last king but one of Judah, v. יְהוֹיָכִיןp. 220
supr. .
† מָכוֹן S 4349
TWOT 964c
GK 4806
n. m. Dn 8 , 11 fixed or established place,
foundation (chiefly poet.);— abs. ם׳Ex 15:17 + 2 times; cstr. ְמכוֹן1 K 8:39 +
10 times; sf. מְכוֹנִיIs 18:4 , מְנוֹנוֹEzr 2:68 ; pl. sf. מְכוֹנֶי ָהψ 104:5 ;— 1. fixed
place of ’ י׳s abode on earth Ex 15:17 (song), 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet. fragm.:
v. and Dr Intr. 182
); = place , or site of God’s house Ezr 2:68 ; הַר־צִיּוֹן
כָּל־מְכוֹןIs 4:5 , appar. = all the extent of Mt. Zion; redund. ( si vera l. ) ך
ְ ֻשׁ ַל
ְ וְה
מְכוֹן ִמ ְקדָּשׁוֹDn 8:11 and the place of his sanctuary shall be thrown down (on
difficulties of v. , see Bev ); of heavens ְכוֹן
ִשׁ ְב ְתּ ָך מ1 K 8:39 , 43 , 49 = 2 Ch
6:30 , 33 , 29 , cf. ψ 33:14 ; ְכוֹנִי מalone Is 18:4 ; fig. ִשׁפָּט מְכוֹן ִכּ ְס ֶא֑ ָךְ ֶצדֶק וּמ
ψ 89:15 , so 97:2 . 2. foundation , only pl. , poet. ֶץ עַל־מְכוֹנֶי ָה יָסַד ֶארψ 104:5 .
† [ כּוָּן
ַ S 3561 TWOT 964f GK 3924 ] n. [ m. ] cake, sacrificial cake ( ? √ ; כוןcf.
Hiph. 2. a. prepare food, etc. prob. Bab. loan-word, from kamânu , cake used in
worship of Ištar , Zim KAT 3, 441 . ) —only pl. abs. מיִם
ַ ַשּׁ
ָ ַלעֲשׂוֹת ַכּוָּנִים ִל ְמ ֶלכֶת ה
Je 7:18 ; ָשׂינוּ
ִע לָהּ ך׳ ְל ַה ֲע ִצ ָב ֿה 44:19 .
† I. כּוֹסS 3563
TWOT 965
GK 3926 , 3927
n. f. La 4 , 21 cup ( √ unknown;
perhaps kindred with ִיס
כּ, q.v. ; NH id. ; Ph. ; כסתAramaic כָּס, ; Arabic is
Aramaic loan- wd. according to Frä , but see DHM VOJ i, 27 ) — ך׳abs. Gn
171
֯ Pr 23:31 ; cstr.
40:11 + ; כּיֹס Gn 40:11 + ; sf. ִי
כּוֹסψ 16:5 ; 23:5 etc.; pl.
abs. כֹּסוֹת Je 35:5 ;— cup 2 S 12:3 ; for wine Gn 40:11 ( ×3 )
, 13 , 21 (all E ),
Pr 23:31 Je 35:5 ; ַת־כּוֹס
ְשׂפ1 K 7:26 2 Ch 4:5 ; ַתּנְחוּמִים ך׳ Je 16:7 the cup
offered to mourners; fig. (wine-) cup of judgment of י׳, from which the nations, or
Isr., must drink Je 46:12 La 4:21 ψ 75:9 ; ָתוֹ
ֲחמ ך׳ Is 51:17 , 22 ; היַּיִן
ַ ַה ֵחמָה ך׳
Je 25:15 , cf. v 17 . 28 ; ָה
ַה ַתּ ְר ֵעל ך׳ Is 51:17 , 22 ; ך׳ וּשׁ ָממָה
ְ ַשׁמָּה Ez 23:33 ,
cf. v 31 , 32 , 33 ; י׳ ך׳ יְמִין Hb 2:16 ; by bold metaph. Babylon is such a cup
ְבּיַד י׳ ך׳ זָהָבJe 51:7 ; so of wicked persons, fire, brimstone, and burning wind are
ְמנָת־כּוֹסָםψ 11:6 the portion of their cup; ך׳in good sense, cup of blessing ψ 23:5
(overflowing); ִי י׳ ְמנָת ֶח ְלקִי וְכוֹסψ 16:5 ; ך׳ יְשׁוּעוֹתψ 116:13 .
I.כור TWOT 967 ( √ of foll.; perhaps be or make round , hence furnace, pot, basin ,
from shape; Arabic wind about (e.g. a turban), turn or twist (of turban), blacksmith’s fire-
place, hornets’ or bees’ nest , bundle; means also a camel’s saddle (or ‘ howdah ’) with
its apparatus, v. Frey Lane . > Thes comp. Syriac incaluit (Lexx. aestuavit,
calefactus est ) ) .
ָשׁן
ָ כּוֹר־ע n.pr.loc. v. ָשׁן
ָ בּוֹר ע supr. p. 92b .
† [ ִיר
כּS 3600
TWOT 967c
GK 3968
] n. [ m. ] cooking-furnace ( Mishn. כִּירָה
) —frangible, only du. כִּי ַריִם Lv 11:35 ( c. ) תַּנּוּר, perhaps as supporting two pots
( Ki ); χυτρόποδες .
† [ ָה
מְכֹרTWOT 968a
, ָה
מְכוּרS 4351
TWOT 1033c
GK 4808
] n. f. origin ( i.e.
place of digging out? ) — sg. sf. ֶארֶץ מְכוּ ָרתָם Ez 29:14 ; of a people, persons: pl.
sf. ְבּ ֶארֶץ ְמכֻרוֹ ַתיְִך21:35 ( || ֲשׁר נִ ְברֵאת
ֶ ;) ִבּמְקוֹם אof Jerus. , ֵמ ֶארֶץ ַה ְכּנַ ֲענִי
מְכֹרֹ ַתיְִך וּמֹלְדֹ ַתיְִך16:3 .
† [ ָה
ְמ ֵכרS 4380
TWOT 1194d , 968b
GK 4839
] n. [ f. ] prob. the name of a weapon,
only pl. sf. ֶםְמכֵרֹתֵיה ְכּלֵי ָחמָס Gn 49:5 weapons of violence are their ( ם׳other
conjectures v. in Di ).
† ֫כּוֹרֶשׁ S 3566
GK 3931
and ( Ezr 1:1 , 2 ) ֶשׁ ֫ n.pr. m. Cyrus ( Pers.
כֹּר
K’ur’u ( š ), Spieg APK 215 ; Bab. Kuraš COT on Ezr 1:1 , Dl in Baer Dn. p. x ) —
king of (Anzan = Susiana, Tiele Bab. -Assyr. Gesch. 469 , and) Persia, conqueror of
Babylon ( Tiele ib; 468 ff. ), restorer of Jews to Palestine Is 44:28 ; 45:1 Ezr 1:7 ;
called ך
ְ ָפּרַס ֶמ ֶל2 Ch 36:22 ( ×2 ) , 23 Ezr 1:1 ( ×2 ) , 2 also Ezr 1:8 ; 4:3 , 5 Dn
10:1 ; simply ך
ְ ַה ֶמּ ֶלDn 1:21 .
† I. כּוּשׁS 3568 TWOT 969 GK 3932 , 3933 n.pr. pers. m. , gent. et terr. ( Egyptian
Kōš , Steindorff BAS i, 593 , Assyrian Kûsu , Id. ib. Dl Pa 251 ; Kaši in Tel Amarna
tablets, vid. Wkl TelAm. 39 ) ;— 1. 1st ‘son’ of ָם חGn 10:6 , 7 ( P ) = 1 Ch 1:8 ,
9, Χονς , B Chus , from whom descended according to these vv. the
southernmost peoples known to Hebrews. 2. land and people of southern Nile-valley,
or Upper Egypt, extending from Syene (ez 29:10 ) indefinitely to the south,
Αιθιοπια, Αιθιοπες : a. the land Is 11:11 ; 18:1 Zp 3:10 Ez 29:10 Jb 28:19 Est
1:1 ; 8:9 . b. the people Is 20:4 Je 46:9 Ez 38:5 ; personif. ψ 68:32 . c.
indeterminate, either land or people, or including both: Is 20:3 , 5 ; 43:3 ; 45:14 2
K 19:9 = Is 37:9 Na 3:9 Ez 30:4 , 5 , 9 ψ 87:4 ( λαὸς Αιθιοπων ). 3. in
Gn 10:8 ( J ) = 1 Ch 1:10 כּוּשׁis err. for ַשׁ = כּBab. Kaššu , according to Schr
COT
on Gn 10:6 , Dl Pa 51 ff. 72 f. and most Assyriol.; so perhaps also Gn 2:13 ( J ),
yet v. Hpt Über Ld. u. Meer , 1894–5, No. 15 .
† I. כּוּשׁי
ָ adj. gent. of I. —; כּוּשׁm. כּוּשׁי
ִ Je 13:23 + 13 times; f. ֻשׁיתִ כּNu
12:1 ; pl. כּוּשׁים
( ×2 )
ִ Zp 2:12 + 6 times; ֻשֿׁים
ִ כּDn 11:43 ; ֻשׁיִּים
ִ כּAm 9:7 ;— a.
sg. agreeing with noun Nu 12:1 ( ×2 ) ( E ; only here fem. ); b. = subst. ; a Cushite
Je 13:23 . c. id. c. art.; the Cushite , of Joab’s adjutant 2 S 18:21 ( ×2 ) (where read
Tiele C. P. Tiele.
Wkl H. Winckler.
TelAm. TA, q.v. .
חַךּ׳, for MT ך׳, We Dr Kit Bu ), v 22 , 23 , 31 ( ×2 )
, 32 ( ×2 )
; in appos.
with n.pr. Je 38:7 , 10 , 12 ; 39:16 2 Ch 14:8 . d. pl. כּוּשׁים
ִ ) = ( ַהsubst. Zp
2:12 2 Ch 12:3 ; 14:11 ( ×2 )
, 12 ; 16:8 ; 21:16 ; so ֻשֿׁים
ִ כּDn 11:43 , ֻשׁיִּים
ִ ( כּsi
vera l. ) Am 9:7 .
† II. כּוּשׁי
ִ S 3569 , 3570 , 3571
TWOT 969a
GK 3934 , 3935
n.pr. m. Χουσει — 1.
Je 36:14 great-grandfather of ִי
יְהוּד, q.v. ( perhaps orig. appellat. Cushite ) . 2.
father of prophet Zephaniah Zp 1:1 .
† כּוּשׁן
ָ S 3572
GK 3936
n.pr. , gent. vel terr. , only ך׳ אָ ֳהלֵי Hb 3:7 ( || דיָן
ְ ) ִמ,
Αιθιοπων .
† ִשׁ ָע ַת֫יִם
ְ כּוּשׁן ר
ַ S 3573
GK 3937
n.pr. m. king of Aram Naharaim Ju 3:8
( ×2 )
,
( ×2 )
10 ; otherwise unknown, Χουσαρσαθαιμ , L Χουσανρεσαμωθ .
כּוֹשׁרוֹת
ָ v. [ ָה
כּוֹשׁר
ָ ] sub ָשׁר
ַ כּ.
† כּוּתָה S 3575
GK 3940
, כּוּתS 3575
GK 3939
n.pr.loc. whence king of Assyria
(Sargon) transported colonists into N. Israel, ָה
מִכּוּת2 K 17:24 , ְשׁי־כוּת
ֵ אַנv 30 ;
Bab. Kûtû, Kûtê, mod. Tel-Ibrahim, c. 20 m. NE. from Babylon, v. COT 2 K
17:24 Dl Par 217 M-A JBL 1892, xi, 169 .
†[ ָכּזַבS 3576
TWOT 970
GK 3941
] vb. lie, be a lier ( Arabic Aramaic כּדַב
ְ id.
chiefly Pa.; NH — ) ָכּזַבQal Pt. כָּל־הָאָדָם כֹּזֵבψ 116:11 ( cf. ָכּזָב62:10 ). Niph.
Pf. 3 fs. ָה תֹּ ַחלְתּוֹ נִ ְכזָ֑בJb 41:1 his hope has been made deceptive , i.e. been shewn to
be so; 2 ms. consec. תּ ָ וְנִ ְכ ֑זָ ְבPr 30:6 lest he convict thee and thou be proved a liar .
Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כּזֵּב ִ Mi 2:11 ; Impf. 3 ms. יְַכזֵּךHb 2:3 Pr 14:5 ; וִי ַכזֵּבNu 23:19 ,
etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. ֶם ( ְבּ) ְכזֶּ ְבכEz 13:19 ;— 1. lie, tell a lie , abs. , Nu 23:19 (JE), Mi
2:11 Jb 6:28 ; 34:6 Pr 14:5 Is 57:11 ; sq. ל ְ pers. lie to Ez 13:19 ψ 78:36 ; 89:36 ;
sq. בְּ pers. tell a lie with , i.e. in intercourse, converstion with 2 K 4:16 . 2. disappoint,
fail , of a divine revelation Hb 2:3 ; waters of a spring Is 58:11 . Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf.
יְַכזִי ֵבנִיJb 24:25 who will make me a lair? i.e. prove me to be so ( cf. Niph. )
† ָכּזָב S 3577
TWOT 970a
GK 3942
n. m. Am 2:4 lie, falsehood, deceptive thing
;— abs. ך׳ Ho 12:2 + 19 times; pl. abs. ְכּזָבִים Ju 16:10 + 9 times; sf. ִכּזְבֵיהֶם
Am 2:4 ;— lie, falsehood , c. ִדּכֶּר Ju 16:10 , 13 Ho 7:13 Zp 3:13 Dn 11:27 ψ
5:7 ; 58:4 , so Ez 13:8 Co (by transp. ך׳with שׁוְא
ָ , cf. v 6 , 7 , 9 ); c. יָפִי ַח
(in Pr) Pr 6:19 ; 14:5 , 25 ; 19:5 , 9 ; of false prophecies (divinations) c. ַר אָמ,
ִמ ְקסַם ך׳Ez 13:7 ; c. ָקסָםv 9 ; 21:34 ; 22:28 + 13:6 Co ( ָסוֹם ך׳ ק, for
MT ֶם ך׳ ;) ֶקסc. ָשׁמַע13:19 , ִבּקֵּשׁψ 4:3 ; c. ָרצָהdelight in 62:5 ; so in the phr.
ְדּבַר־ך׳Pr 30:8 , אִישׁ ך׳19:22 = liar , עֵד ְבּזָבִים21:28 = false witness; of
idols as a lie ( res ementita ) Am 2:4 , so prob. ֵי ך׳ ָשׂטthose turning aside to a lie ψ
40:5 ( cf. אָוֶן, ִיל ֱאל, ֶהבֶל, ;) ֶשׁקֶרthen of empty human pretensions ך׳ וָשֹׁד
יַ ְרבֶּהHo 12:2 , Is 28:15 ( || ) ֶשׁקֶר, v 17 ( ) ַמ ְחסֵה ך׳, ψ 62:10 ( || ; ֶהבֶלcf.
בֹּזֵב116:11 ); ֶלחֶם ְכּזָבִיםPr 23:3 = deceptive (disappointing) bread .
† כּזִיב
ְS 3580
GK 3945
n.pr.loc. in plain of Judah Gn 38:5 , Χασβι , = אַ ְכזִיב
1. v. infr.
† ֵכֹּֽ֗זבָא S 3578
GK 3943
n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 4:22 Σωκηθα , A L Χωζηβα ,
= אַ ְכזִיב1. v. infr.
† ָכּזְבִּי S 3579
GK 3944
n.pr. f. a woman of Midian Nu 25:15 , 18 , Χασβ(ε)ι
.
† אַ ְכזָב S 391
TWOT 970b
GK 423
adj. deceptive, disappointing ( elative; opp.
אֵיתָן q.v. sub — ) יתןonly abs. sg. :— Mi 1:14 (with play on n.pr. ;) אַ ְכזִיבof a
deceptive, disappointing stream ( cf. Is 58:11 ) Je 15:18 ( || מ֑נוּ
ָ ; ַמיִם לֹא נֶ ְאon
meaning cf. Jb 6:15 ff. )
† אַ ְכזִיב S 392
GK 424
n.pr.loc. 1. in lowland of Judah Jos 15:44 ( Ακιεζει
καὶ Κεζειβ , L Αχζειβ ), Mi 1:14 ( οἴκους ματαίους ; v. also כּזִיב
ְ , כֹּזֵבָא
). 2. in Asher Ju 1:31 ( ) אַ ְכזִ֫יבJos 19:29 (
Ασχαζει ), and ( ָה Εχοζοβ , A
Αχζειφ , L Αχαζειβ ); it lay on the coast S. of Tyre, in As; Akzibi , COT Jos
19:29 Dl Par 284 ; Gk. Εκδιππα ; mod. ez-Zîb , Bd Pal. 272 Buhl G. § 120 and (on
prounciation) Kasteren ZPV xiii. 101 .
כזרTWOT 971
( √ of foll.; Aram; Ethpe. be cruel ( Jb 10:1 ), cf. Syriac , miles ,
vir strenuus PS 1718
, who comp. Pers. athleta, heros ( Vullers ) ) .
† כזָרְ אַS 393 TWOT 971a GK 425 adj. cruel, fierce , of poison ( ) רֹאשׁDt
32:33 ; elsewhere of men, fierce Jb 41:2 ; as subst. = a cruel one Jb 30:21 (of
God), La 4:3 .
† אַ ְכזָרִי S 394
TWOT 971b
GK 426
adj. cruel , always in this form;— Pr 12:10 ;
17:11 Je 6:23 ; 50:42 , also 30:14 (read א׳ מוּסָר, for MT מוּסַר, Gf Gie ); as
subst. Pr 5:9 ; 11:17 , perhaps also, in appos. with יוֹם י׳, Is 13:9 .
† אַ ְכזְרִיּוּת S 395
TWOT 971c
GK 427
n. f. cruelty, fierceness , only א׳ ֵחמָה
ְשׁטֶף ֑אָף
ֶ וpr 27:4 fierceness of rage and outpouring of anger .
† I. ח
ַ ֹ כּS 3581
TWOT 973 , 973a
GK 3946 , 3947
n. [ m. ] a small reptile, prob. a
kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30 ; B AV chameleon;
on various opinions v. Di .
†[ ] ָכּחַרvb. not in Qal ; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface ; Niph. (usually) pass. ( Aramaic
אתכחדוbe effaced † Jb 4:7 ; is revere , Pt. venerable , Pa. put to shame , Ethpa. be
ashamed; Ethiopic deny, apostatize ) — Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִ ְכחַד Ho 5:3 + 2 times; 3 pl.
נִ ְכ ָ ֑חדוּJb 4:7 ψ 69:6 ; Impf. 3 ms. יִָכּחֵד2 S 18:13 , etc.; Pt. נִ ְכ ֶחדֶת Zc 11:9 ; pl.
נִ ְכחָדוֹתZc 11:16 Jb 15:28 ;— 1. be hidden , sq. מִןpers. , 2 S 18:13 Ho 5:3 ψ 69:6
; 139:15 . 2. be effaced, destroyed Zc 11:9 Jb 4:7 ; 15:28 ( ָדוֹת
נִ ְכח ) ָערִים, 22:20 ,
sq. הָאָרֶץ מִן־ Ex 9:15 ( J ) Pt. intrans. of incomplete process = going to ruin Zc
11:9 ( ×2 )
, 16 . Pi. Pf. ִכּחֵר 1 S 3:18 ; 1 s. ִי
ִכּ ַח ְדתּJb 6:10 ψ 40:11 ; 3 pl. ִכּחֲדוּ Jb
15:18 ; ח֑דוּ
ֵ ִכּIs 3:9 ; Impf. 2 ms. ְתּ ַכחֵדJos 7:19 + 4 times; 2 fs. ְתּ ַכ ֲחדִי2 S 14:18 ;
1 s. ֵד
ֲא ַכחJv 27:11; 2 mpl. ְתּ ַכ ֵח֑דוּJe 50:2 ; 1 pl. נְ ַכחֵדGn 47:18 ψ 78:4 ;— hide ,
sq. מִן pers. Gn 47:18 ( J ), Jos 7:19 (JE), 1 S 3:17 ( ×2 )
, 18 2 S 14:18 Je 38:14 ,
25 ψ 78:4 ; sq. ל
ְ pers. ψ 40:11 conceal toward, with ref. to , i.e. from; without prep.
Is 3:9 Je 50:2 Jb 15:18 ; 27:11 ; = disown Jb 6:10 . Hiph. Pf. 1 s. consec. sf.
כחחTWOT 973
( √ assumed by Thes Buhl al. for foll. Ba NB 79
proposes √ ) כוח
.
†[ ָכּחַלS 3583
TWOT 974
GK 3949
] vb. paint (eyes) ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַל
ְכּח, ;
Ethiopic Arabic ) — Qal Pf. in וגו׳ ָר ַח ְצ ְתּ ָכּ ַח ְל ְתּ עֵינַיְִך Ez 23:40 ( Co reads 3 pl.
);— v. also ך
ְ פּוּ.
† ָכּחַשׁS 3584
TWOT 975
GK 3950
vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean
( NH ָכּחַשׁgrow lean; Hiph. convict of falsehood, refute; Aramaic ְכּחַשׁgrow lean;
ְשׁאָ ַכּחleanness , ְכּחִישׁוּתָאleanness, weakness; Aph. as NH Hiph. ) — Qal Pf. 3 ms.
֑ ָ ְשׂרִי ָכּחַשׁ מ
ִשּׁמֶן ָ וּבψ 109:24 my hath grown lean (away) from fatness ( || ָֽשׁלוּ ְ ִבּ ְרכַּי כּ
) מִצּוֹם. Niph. Impf. וְיִכָּֽחֲשׁוּ אֹיְבֶי ָך ָל ְךDt 33:29 thine enemies shall cringe (come
cringing, i.e. orig. act deceptively, feigning obedience ) to thee ( cf. also Pi 3, Hithp. ) Pi.
Pf. 3 ms. ֵשׁ ִכּח1 K 13:18 Hb 3:17 ; וְִכ֫חֶשׁconsec. (bef. monosyll.) Lv 5:22 Jb
יְַכ֫חֶשׁ ) בּHo 9:2 ; 3 fs. וַ ְתּ ַכחֵשׁGn 18:15 , etc.; inf. abs. ַכּחֵשׁ
8:18 , etc.; Impf. ( ָהּ
Ho 4:2 Is 59:13 ; cstr. Zc 13:4 ;— 6. deceive , abs. Gn 18:15 ( J ), Jos 7:11 (JE),
Ho 4:2 ( אלה וכחשׁtogether = false swearing according to We Kl. Pr. ; + ח וְגָנֹב ַ ֹוְרָצ
) וְנָאֹ֑ף, cf. ְשׁקְּרוּ אִישׁ ַבּ ֲעמִיתוֹ לֹא ִתגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־
ַ ְת ַכחֲשׁוּ וְלֹא תLv 19:11 ( H );
ְל ַמעַן ך׳Zc 13:4 in order to deceive; sq. ְלpers. 1 K 13:18 Jb 31:28 ; sq. ְבpers.
et rei Lv 5:21 , בְ rei v 22 . 7. act deceptively against (i.e. seem to acknowledge, but not
really do so), sq. ב ְ pers. Jos 24:27 ( E ) Je 5:12 Is 59:13 Jb 8:18 , appar. also
וְתִירוֹשׁ יך׳ בָּהּHo 9:2 and new wine shall deny her (Isr.; i.e. refuse to acknowledge her
as its mistress, not yield itself to her); abs. Pr 30:9 . 8. cringe = come cringing (make
shew of obedience, v. Niph.), sq. ב ְ pers. ψ 18:45 (Hithp. in || 2 S 22:45 ); sq. ְל
pers. ψ 66:3 ; 81:16 . 9. disappoint, fail , abs. ֲשׂה זַיִת
ֵ ַמע ִכּחֵשׁ Hb 3:17 the product
of the olive hath failed (in sense comp. Ho 9:2 supr. )
Hithp. Impf. יִ ְת ַכּחֲשׁוּ לִי 2 S 22:45 shall come cringing to me ( || ψ 18:45 , v.
supr. )
† ַ ֫כּחַשׁ S 3585
TWOT 975a
GK 3951
n. m. Jb 16:8 1. lying 2. leanness ;— abs.
† [ ָשׁ
ֶכּחS 3586
TWOT 975b
GK 3952
] adj. deceptive, false ( on format. v. Ba
NB 50
Ges § 84b
) — ָשׁים
ִ ָבּנִים ֶכּח Is 30:9 ( || ִי
ְמר ) עַם.
3. Because, since ( ὅτι )— a. Gn 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou,
etc., v 17 18:20 the cry of S. and G.— because it is great … (subj. prefixed for emph.:
cf. 2 N.B.) Is 28:15 ; in answer to a qu. , Gn 27:20 Ex 1:19 ; 18:15 2 S 19:43 + .
Enunciating the conditions under which a fut. action is conceived as possible (Germ.
indem ) Lv 22:9 Dt 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, 12:20 ( v. Dr ), v 25 , 28 ; 13:19 ; 14:24 ;
16:15 ; 19:6 , 9 + , 1 K 8:35 ( cf. v 33 ֲשׁר
ֶ ) א, v 36 כִּי תוֹרֵם, Pr 4:8b . b. more
commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gn 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day כִּי
בוֹ ָשׁבַת וג׳because on it he rested, etc., 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be
rendered for , Gn 2:5 , 23 ; 3:20 ; 5:24 ; 6:7 ; 12 , 13 ψ 6:3 heal me מ֑י ָ כִּי נִ ְבהֲלוּ ֲע ָצ
for my bones are vexed, 10:14 ; 25:16 ; 27:10 + very often Spec. after vbs. expressive
of mental emotions, as rejoicing Is 14:29 ψ 58:11 , being angry Gn 31:35 ; 45:5 ,
fearing 43:18 ψ 49:17 etc. Iron. 1 K 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 times); Pr 30:4 Jb
38:5 ד֑ע
ָ כִּי ֵתfor or since thou knowest. With subj. prefixed ψ 128:2 . Repeated (with
anacol.) Is 49:19 . c. the causal relation expressed by ִי כּis sometimes subtle, especially
in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies
a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Is 3:8a Jb
6:21 (ground of the comparison v 15–20 ), 14:16 ( For …: ground of the wishes
expressed v 13–15 ), 16:22 (ground of v 20 f. ) 30:26 ( For …), or by pointing to a
general truth which it exemplifies Jb 5:6 (reason why complaining v 2–5 is foolish),
15:34 ; 23:14 ; sometimes it is explicative , justifying a statement by unfolding the
particulars wh. establish or exemplify it 2 S 23:5a Is 1:30 ; 5:7 ; 7:8 ; 9:4 ; 10:8–11 ;
13:10 (development of v 9a ), 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the ָל נָבand כִּילַי,
and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed v 5 ); Jb 11:16 ff. (explic. of v
15b ), 18:8 ff. (justifying v 7 ), 22:26 ff. (justifying v 25 ); elsewhere the cause is
expressed indirectly or figuratively Is 2:6 (reason why invitation v 5 is needed), 5:10
(sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation v 9 ), 18:5 ; 28:8 (proof of the
intoxication v 7 ), 31:7 (reason for the exhortation v 6 : the certainty that the folly of
idolatry will soon be recognized), Jb 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), 27:8–
10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or ִי כּrelates
not to the v. which immed. precedes or follows, but to several, as Is 7:16 f. ( v 17
specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare v 15 ), 21:6 ff. (ground
of the statements v 1–5 ), Jb 4:5 (ground of v 2 ), 14:7–12 ( v 10–12 specially the
ground for the appeal in v 6 ), 23:10–13 (ground why God cannot be found v 8 f. ),
ψ 73:21 (ground not of v 20 , but of general train of thought v 2–14 ); so also Gn
4:24 Dt 18:14 Is 12:1 Je 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immed. after ִי כּ, but
in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a
partic. word, Is 28:20 (justifying ‘nought but terror’ v 19 ), Jb 23:17 ( God’s hostility
v 16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also ִי כּ, in a poet. or
rhet. style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer
to a qu. ; Is 28:11 (the mockeries of v 10 have a meaning) ‘ for with men of strange
lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,’ who will retort the mockeries, charged with a
new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them ( v 13 ); = (no,) for Is 28:28
(see RVm ), Jb 22:2b no , he that is wise is profitable to himself, 31:18 ; 39:14 (see v
13b ), ψ 44:24 (he cannot do this, v 23 ) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., 130:4 no
, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Is 49:25 (see the qu. v 24 ), 66:8 . d. ִי כִּי … כּ
ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gn 3:19
; 26:7 ; 43:32 ; 47:20 Ex 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a
snare to thee, Is 2:6 ( ×2 ) ; 3:8 ( ×2 ) ; 6:5a , b; 10:22f. Jb 6:3f. ; 8:8 , 9 ( ×2 ) ; 24:17 (
×2 )
; 29:11f. ; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert
and ), Ex 23:21 , 22 Is 6:5b , c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips …, because
mine eyes have seen י׳of hosts, 15:5 ( ×2 ) , 6 ( ×2 ) , 8 , 9 Zp 3:8f. Jb 15:25 , 27 ;
20:19f. ; 31:11f. But ִי
כִּי … וְכalso occurs, Gn 33:11 Nu 5:20 (if), Jo 7:15 Ju 6:30
1 S 19:4 ; 22:17 1 K 2:26 Is 65:16 + . e. after a neg. ִי
כּfor becomes = but (Germ.
sondern ): Gn 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, ָהּ כִּי ָשׂרָה ְשׁמfor ( = but )
Sarah shall be her name, 24:3f. ; 45:8 Ex 1:19 ; 16:8 not against us are your
murmurings, כי על־י׳for (they are) agst. = י׳but agst. י׳, Dt 21:17 1 S 6:3 ( ) אַל,
27:1 ( v. Dr ), 1 K 21:15 Is 10:7 ; 28:27 ; 29:23 ; 30:5 ψ 44:8 ; 118:17 + often; so
in לא כיnay, for = nay, but , as Gn 18:15 תּ ְ לֹא כִּי ָצחָֽ ְקnay , but thou didst laugh,
19:2 ; 42:12 Jos 5:14 1 S 2:16 MSS ( v. Dr ), 12:12 2 S 16:18 ; 24:24 1 K
2:30 ; 3:22 ; 11:22 Is 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.
Note .— ִי כּis sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the
passages quoted a different expl. is tenable. Authorities especially read the Heb.
differently, when the choice is between for and yea . E.g. Is 8:23 Ges Ew § 330 b doch (
no, but ); Hi Di for (taking v 22 as RVm ); Ch surely: 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di
surely; De for: 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (expl. of ) טוֹב: Ez 11:16 Hi Ke
Co surely; Ew Sm because .—In Ex 20:25 the tense of ה
ָ וַ ְתּ ַח ֲל ֶלmakes it prob. that
כִּיis for ( Dr ). Jb 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage ( אוָה
§ 153
ֲ ַ ) גּas Hi :
When they humble thee, and thou sayest ( = complainest) Pride! he will save, etc.
2. (About 140 times) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the
same clause— a. limiting the prec. clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or
question, the equivalent of a negative)—the most usual term for expressing this idea:
sq. vb. Gn 32:27 I will not let thee go; ָֽנִי כִּי אִם־ ֵבּ ַר ְכתּlit. but ( כִּי3 e if thou
bless me (sc. I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, ‘I
will not let thee go, except thou bless me;’ Lv 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things
ִכּי אִם־ ָרחַץexcept he have washed his flesh, Is 65:6 Am 3:7 Ru 3:18 La 5:21f. (
Ew Näg Ke Che Öt ), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly
† ֵן כִּי עַל כּforasmuch as , a peculiar phrase found Gn 18:5 ; 19:8 ; 33:10 ;
38:26 Nu 10:31 ; 14:43 Ju 6:22 2 S 18:20 Qr (rightly), Je 29:28 ; 38:4 —lit.
for therefore , emphasizing the ground pleonastically ( Ew § 353 a ). The orig. force of
the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gn 18:5 let me
fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; ֶם עַל ַע ְב ְדּכֶם כִּי־עַל־כֵּן ֲע ַב ְרתּfor
therefore (sc. to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Nu 14:43
the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, ֵן כִּי־עַל־כּ
ַשׁ ְבתֶּםfor therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from י׳, etc.: but
in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually
obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation,
even where there was no preceding statement to which ֵן עַל כּtherefore could be
explicitly referred. ֵן
כּ ֲשׁר עַל
ֶ אappears to be used similarly ( cf. ֲשׁר
ֶ א8 c ) † Jb
34:27 .
II. ִי
כּS 3587 , 3588
TWOT 961a , 976
GK 3953 , 3954
, branding , v. sub כוה.
† [ ִיד
כּS 3589
TWOT 977a
GK 3957
] n. [ m. ] only sf. כִּידוֹ Jb 21:20 , meaning
unknown; read prob. ִידוֹ
פּhis misfortune (as 12:5 etc.)
כידTWOT 977
( √ of foll.; cf. perhaps Arabic in sense labour, take pains, strive , or
struggle with, war ) .
† I. ִידוֹן
כּS 3591
TWOT 977b
GK 3959
n. [ m. ] dart, javelin ( NH id. ) — abs.
ך׳ Jos 8:18 + 6 times; ִידֹן
כּJe 50:42 ; cstr. כִּידוֹן1 S 17:6 ;— dart, javelin
(distinct from חנִית
ֲ spear, lance , q.v. ), ) נטה בַּךּ׳ אשׁר ביד(כJos 8:18 ( ×2 ) , cf.
v 26 ; ַשׁ ך׳ ַרעJb 41:21 the rushing sound of a dart; וּ ַב ֲחנִית וּבְך׳ ְבּ ֶחרֶב1 S
17:45 (weapons of Goliath), ָיו ך׳ ְחשׁת בֵּין ְכּ ֵתפ
ֶ נv 6 ( ֲחנִיתin v 7 ); + ֲחנִיתJb
39:23 also; ֶשׁת וְך׳
ֶ קJe 6:23 ; 50:42 .
† II. כִּידֹן S 3592
GK 3961
n.pr. m. 1 Ch 13:9 , L Χεδων , A Χειλω ; =
נָכוֹן 2 S 6:6 ( Νωδαβ , A Ναχων , L Ορνα ).
כִּידוֹד S 3590
TWOT 953b
GK 3958
v. sub ; כדד
כִּידוֹר S 3593
TWOT 954a
GK 3960
v. sub כדר.
† כִּיּוּן S 3594
GK 3962
n.pr. dei. Am 5:26 , prob. = Assyrian kaivânu , planet
Saturn (Arabic and Pers. , Syriac ), regarded as god; orig. pronunc. ֵיוָן
כּSchr COT ad
loc.
, cf. Kö ii 151
(pointing ִיּוּן
כּintended to suggest √ כוןas something established,
firm ); kaimâ̆nu = kaiânu , according to Jen Cosm. iii. 502
who der. from ( כוןcf.
Thes ; so Zim BP 17 ); > Hpt ZA ii. 266, 281 f.
reads כּיָּוָן
ַ (for ) כְּאָמָן, reading the Babyl.
JBL 1892, xi. 86 n. 39
name Ka’âmânu; v. also M-A .
כִּיּוֹר S 3595
TWOT 967d
GK 3963
, v. sub I. כור.
כִּילַי S 3596
TWOT 1366b
GK 3964
, ַי
ֵכּלIs 32:5 , 7 v. ( נכלKö ii 118
).
† כֵּילַפּוֹת S 3597
TWOT 978a
GK 3965
n. [ f. ] axe ( loan-word ( cf. Frä
74
)
from Assyrian kalappatu v. Dl HWB 333
) — ַשּׁיל וְך׳ יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן
ִ ְבּכ ψ 74:6 ( ||
ַק ְרדֻּמּוֹת v 5 ).
כִּימָה S 3598
GK 3966
v. sub כום.
† כִּיס S 3599
TWOT 979
GK 3967
n. m. Pr 1:14 bag, purse ( perhaps kindred
with כּוֹם, q.v. Arabic (prob. from Pers. Lane 2640
); Ethiopic NH ; כִּיסAramaic
כִּיסָא, ; מן כיסהfrom his purse = at his own expense, Vog
Palm. ) — bag
p. 13 al.
ִכּכָּר S 3603
GK 3971
v. sub ; כרר
†[ ָכּלָאS 3607
TWOT 980
GK 3973 , 3974
] vb. shut up, restrain, withhold ( NH
id. ; Aramaic ָא
ְכּל, ; Ethiopic restrain, hinder; Assyrian kâiû , id. ; Arabic protect Qor
21:43 cf. Ba ZMG 1887, 605 Anm. 4
) — Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. ְכּלָאוֹ Je 32:3 ; 3 fs. כָּֽלְאָה
Hg 1:10 ; 2 fs. sf. ְכּ ִל ִת֫נִי 1 S 25:33 ; 1 s. ִי
ָכּלִאתψ 119:101 ; 3 pl. כָּֽלְאוּ Hg
1:10 , ָלוּ
כּ1 S 6:10 ; Impf. 3 ms. יְִכלֶה Gn 23:6 ; 2 ms. ִתּ ְכלָא ψ 40:12 ; 2 fs.
ִתּ ְכ ָ ֑לאִי Is 43:6 ; 1 s. ָא
ֶא ְכלψ 40:10 ; Imv. sf. ְכּ ָלאֵם ִלכְלוֹא
Nu 11:28 ; Inf. cstr.
Ec 8:8 ; Pt. pass. ָלוּא כּJe 32:2 , ָכּלֻאψ 88:9 ; (on the metaph. forms, as if from כלה,
v. Ges § 75, 21 c
Kö i 611
);— 1. shut up , c. acc. 1 S 6:10 ( + ב ְ loc. ), Je 32:3 ; pt.
pass. Je 32:2 ( ב ְ loc. ), fig. ψ 88:9 ( opp. ) יצא. 2. restrain , c. acc. 1 S 25:33 ( +
) ְב ָדמִים מִבּוֹא, ψ 119:101 ( + ( ְכּ ָלאֵם ;) ִמכָּל־sc. ) ֵמ ִה ְתנַבֵּאNu 11:28 ; ך׳ ְשׂ ָפתַיψ
40:10 ; ח ַ ך׳ אֶת־הָרוּEc 8:8 . On ψ 74:11 v. כלהPi. 2. 3. withhold , ִמ ְמּ ָך ִמקְּבֹר
ֵמ ֶת֑ ָך ך׳ אֶת־ ִקבְרוֹGn 23:6 ( P ), ך׳ ַר ֲחמֶי ָך ִמ ֶמּ֑נּיψ 40:12 , Hg 1:10b , prob. also v a
(read מל ֑ ָ for MT ִמ ָטּ֑ל, We ); abs. ( אַל־ ִתּ ְכ ָלאִיsc. exiles) Is 43:6 ( || ) ְתּנִי. Niph.
Impf. מיִם ַ ַשּׁ
ָ ֶשׁם מִן־ה ֶ וַיִָּכּלֵא ַהגּGn 8:2 ( J ), and the rain from heaven was restrained ,
cf. מיִםַ ַרבִּים וַיִּכָּֽלְאוּEz 31:15 (in fig. ; || וַיִָּכּלֵא ָהעָם ֵמ ָהבִיא ;) מנעEx 36:6 ( P ).
Pi. [ Pf. ָא ִכּלּand] Inf. cstr. ְל ַכלֵּאv. כלהPi.
† ֶ ֫כּלֶא S 3608
TWOT 980a
GK 3975
n. [ m. ] confinement, restraint,
† כלוא S 3628
TWOT 980b
GK 3989
Qr ְכּלִיא S 3628
TWOT 980b
GK 3999
Kt
n. [ m. ] id. ;— ַךּ׳
ה בֵּית Je 37:4 ; 52:31 ( v. ֶכּלֶא supr. )
† I. ָה
ִמ ְכלS 4356 , 4357
TWOT 980c , 982d
GK 4813 , 4816
(incorrect for ) מכלאn. [ m.
] enclosure, fold ;— צֹאן גָּזַר מִםּ׳Hb 3:17 ; pl. cstr. ִמ ִמּ ְכלְאֹת צֹאן לקחψ
78:70 ( obj. David); pl. sf. ך לקח ָ ִמ ִמּ ְכלְאֹתֶי50:9 ( obj. he-goats).— II. ִמ ְכלָה
v. sub כלה.
† ִכּלְאַיִם S 3610
TWOT 980d
GK 3977
n. [ m. ] du. two kinds ( Arabic both;
Ethiopic two; perhaps also כלאיMI 23
both, two , Nö LCB 1889, 61
, cf. Dr Sm xcii
.;
Sm u. So MI 1886
suggest reservoirs; v. also ִי
לֹא — ) ְכּל
ַתּ ְרבִּי ַע ך׳ ְבּ ֶה ְמ ְתּ ָךLv
19:19 not cause thy cattle to breed (in) two kinds; ַע ך׳ ָשׂׂ ְד ָך לֹא ִתּזְרv 19 ( H );
ַכּ ְר ְמ ָך ך׳ לֹא ִתּזְרַעDt 22:9 (both ֶבּגֶד ך׳ ;) ִכּלְאָ֑יִםLv 19:19 ( H );—only in law
of H and D against mixtures.
† ִכּלְאָב S 3609
GK 3976
n.pr. m. second son of David, 2 S 3:3 = ָדּנִיֵּאל 1 Ch
3:1 , v. ָדּנִיֵּאל1. p. 193 supr.
כלבTWOT 981
( √ of foll.; meaning unknown; Thes regards ֶב
ֶכּלas onomatop. )
† ֶ ֫כּלֶב S 3611
TWOT 981a
GK 3978
n. m. 1 S 24:15 dog ( NH id. ; Ph. ; כלב
Aramaic ָא
ַכּ ְלבּ, ; Arabic ; Ethiopic Assyrian kalbu Dl ) — abs. ך׳Ju 7:5
HWB 328
Eut J. Euting.
Nab. Nabataean.
Hist. J. Wellhousen, History of Israel (trans. by Black).
3:6 ; ֶם
וּ ְכלִיתconsec. Ez 13:14 ; 1 pl. ָכּלִינוּ ψ 90:7 , etc.; Impf. יְִכלֶה Pr 22:8 ; juss.
֫יִכֶל Jb 33:21 ( v. Dr § 177–173
Ges § 109. 2 b Anm.
Da Synt. § 51 R. 5; 64 R. 6
); 3 fs. ִתּ ְכלָה1
וַ ֵתּ֫כEx 39:32 + 2 S 13:39 ( v. infr. ); 3 mpl.
K 17:14 ; ֶל יִכְלוּ Is 1:28 ֑ יְִכלIs
+ , ָיוּן
31:3 , etc.; Inf. cstr. כְּלוֹת Ru 2:23 + , etc.;— 1. a. be complete, at an end , of a period
of time Gn 41:53 ( E ; opp. III. חללHiph. begin v 54 ), Je 8:20 ( || ;) עברso of
action or event, with emphasis on time Is 10:25 ; 24:13 Ru 2:23 2 Ch 29:28 ( opp.
ֵהחֵלv 27 ), v 34 Dn 12:7 ( || קֵץv 6 , 9 );— vid. also 2 b infr. b. be completed,
finished , of a work: temple 1 K 6:38 1 Ch 28:20 2 Ch 8:16 ( || ֵם
) ָשׁל, tabernacle Ex
39:32 ( P ). c. be accomplished, fulfilled , only of purposed wrath, or prediction of י׳, Ez
5:13 ( || ִי
כַּלּוֹתv b see Pi. ), Dn 11:36 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1 . d. be ideally
complete, be determined , always in bad sense, plotted , subj. ָה
ָה ָרע: sq. ֵמעִםof agent
1 S 20:7 , also v 9 ( + ַל ) לָבוֹא ע, + v 33 (read כָּֽ ְלתָה, for MT ָכּלָה הִיא, We
Dr Kit Bu ); ֵיתוֹ ך׳ ָה ָרעָה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל־כָּל־בּ25:17 ; sq. ֵמאֵתof agent Est 7:7
( + ָיו
) ֵאל. 2. a. be spent, used up (proposes come to an end ), of water Gn 21:15 ( E )
meal 1 K 17:14 , 16 . b. waste away, be exhausted, fail , lit. of fading grass Is 15:6 ( ||
יָבֵשׁ, ) לֹא היה, of vintage 32:10 ( opp. ) בּוֹא, of vanishing cloud Jb 7:9 (in sim. , ||
;) הלך fig. of fleeting days of life v 6 ( || ) קלל, cf. ψ 102:4 and חיַּי ַ כָּלוּ ְביָגוֹןψ
31:11 , Je 20:18 ; v. also 1 a supr. ; of flesh Jb 33:21 , cf. of vital strength ψ 71:9 ,
וּשׁאֵר
ְ ָשׂר ָ בּPr 5:11 , ְשׁ ֵארִי וּ ְל ָבבִי ך׳ψ 73:26 , subj. רוּחִי143:7 ; once of ’ י׳s
compassion ָיו
לֹא־כָלוּ ִר ֲחמLa 3:22 ( || תמם, on text see VB ); especially of eyes
exhausted by weeping La 2:11 , strained by looking ( fig. ) for relief or refreshment, fail,
languish 4:17 ψ 69:4 Jb 11:20 ; 17:5 Je 14:6 (of wild asses); sq. ֶל אLa 4:17 ; sq.
ְלin spiritual sense ψ 119:82 , 123 ; similarly ( sq. ) ִלof נפשׁexhausted by longing ψ
84:3 ( || ) נכסף, 119:81 , ִי כָּלוּ ִכלְיֹתַי ְבּ ֵחקJb 19:27 ; so also 2 S 13:39 where read
( וַ ֵתּכֶל רוּ ַח ַה ֶמּ ֶל ְךfor MT ) וַ ְתּ ַכל ָדּוִד הַםּ׳and the spirit of the king pined to go forth
unto Absalom, cf. L We Klo Dr Kit Bu . c. come to an end, vanish = perish,
be destroyed , by ’ י׳s judgment Is 1:28 ( || ֶר
) ֶשׁב, 16:4 ( || אָפֵם, ) ָתּמַם, 29:20 ( ||
אָפֵם, ) נִ ְכרַת, 31:3 ( || כשׁל, ) נפל, ְלוּ
וּ ָב ָרעָב יִכ וּ ַב ֶחרֶב Je 16:4 , cf. 44:27 ( || ַם
ָתּמ
), Ez 5:12 ( || מוּת, ַל
) נָפ, 13:14 Mal 3:6 ψ 37:20 ( ×2 )
( || ) אבד, Jb 4:9 ( || id. ), ψ
71:13 ( || ;) בּוֹשׁhyperbol., of severe discipline 39:11 ; 90:7 ( || ;) נבהלof prosperity of
a people Is 21:16 ; ֶט
ֵשׁב ֶע ְברָתוֹ יְִכלֶה Pr 22:8 the rod of his wrath perishes ( > Ew
al. is accomplished , of God’s wrath).— Dn 12:7 read perhaps וְִככְלוֹת יַד נֹפֵץ עַם
קֹדֶשׁand when the power of the shatterer of the holy people should come to an end , so
Bev after (for difficult MT ַם־קֹדֶשׁ † ) וּ ְככַלּוֹת נַפֵּץ יַד־ע.
Pi. 140 Pf. ִכּלָּה Gn 18:33 + , ָא
ִכּלּPr 16:30 Baer ( van d. H. ) ִכּלָּה, sf. ִכּלָּנוּ2 S
21:5 , ָם ִכּלּLa 2:22 ; 3 fs. וְִכ ְלּתָהconsec. Ho 11:6 , sf. וְִכ֫לַּתּוּconsec. Zc 5:4 ; 1
s. ִי ִכּלִּיתNu 25:11 , ִכּלֵּיתִיIs 49:4 , וְִכלֵּי ִ ֫תיEz 6:12 + 2 times; sf. ִכּלִּיתִיםEz 22:31 ,
וְִכלִּיתִי ָךconsec. Ex 33:5 ; 3 pl. כִּלּוּGn 24:19 + , etc.; Impf. יְַכלֶּהIs 10:18 ; וַיְכַל
Gn 2:2 ; 3 fs. ַל וַ ְתּכGn 24:19 + 2 S 13:39 (but read וַ ֵתּכֶלWe Dr al. , and v. Qal
2 b ); 1 s. ֶה ֲא ַכלּGn 24:25 + 4 times; וָ ֲאכַלEz 43:8 ; sf. ֲא ֶכ ְל ָךEx 33:3 ( Kö i 545 ); 3
mpl. ַלּוּ יְכJb 36:11 + 21:13 Qr ( Kt ; יבלוv. בלהp. 115 supr. ), + etc.; Imv.
ַכּלֵּהψ 59:14 ( ×2 ) + 74:11 (but text dub. , v. infr. , 2 ); mpl. כַּלּוּEx 5:13 ; Inf.
abs. ֵה ַכּלּ1 S 3:12 + 5 times; cstr. ְל ַכלֵּאDn 9:24 (metapl. form), כַּלּוֹת1 S 2:33 + ,
etc.; Pt. ֶה ְמ ַכלּJe 14:12 Jb 9:22 ; fpl. ְמכַלּוֹתLv 26:16 ;— 1. † a. complete, bring to
an end, finish a thing, task, work, etc., c. acc. rei Ex 5:13 , 14 ( + inf. ; both J ), 1 K
6:9 , 14 ; 7:1 Ez 42:15 , Gn 2:6 ; 6:16 Ex 40:33 ( P ), Ru 2:21 2 Ch 31:1 2 Ch
7:11 Ezr 9:1 , so ֶשׁעַ ְל ַכלֵּא ַהפּDn 9:24 to make an end of the transgression ( cf. VB
Bev ); Lv 23:22 (modified from 19:9 q.v. infr. ); acc. om. 2 Ch 31:7 ( opp. ֵהחֵל ְל
), 24:10 , 14 Ne 3:34 . † b. complete a period of time ִים יָמEz 4:6 , 8 ; complete
one’s days, enjoy the full measure of human life Jb 21:13 ; 36:11 , or bring one’s years
to an end ψ 90:9 , with added idea of transitoriness. c. finish doing a thing, usually sq. ל
inf. Gn 18:33 ; 24:15 , 19 ( ×2 ) , 22 (all J ), 17:22 Ex 31:18 Nu 4:15 (all P ), Am
7:2 1 K 1:41 2 Ch 29:29 Ru 3:3 + 31 times incl. 2 S 11:19 , where obj. of infin.
precedes it, v. Dr , so Lv 19:9 ( cf. 23:22 supr. ); + 1 Ch 27:24 ( ל ְ inf. om.; opp.
) ֵהחֵל ְל,2 Ch 29:17 ; + Dn 12:7 ( inf. without ל
ְ ; but see Qal 2 c ad fin. ); sq. מִן
inf. , 1 S 10:13 2 S 6:18 = 1 Ch 16:2 , Ex 34:33 Lv 16:20 Jos 19:51 (all P ), Ez
43:23 . † d. make an end, end , sq. בְּ make an end with , finish dealing with 2 Ch
20:23 Ezr 10:17 ; abs. , opp. ֵהחֵל, ַבּגָּדוֹל ֵהחֵל וּ ַבקָּטֹן ִכּלָּה Gn 44:12 ( J ) he began
with the eldest and with the youngest he ended; so inf. abs. adverb. ֵה
ָהחֵל וְַכלּ1 S
3:12 a beginning and an ending , i.e. doing it thoroughly ( v. Dr ); also ֵה
= עַד־ ַכּלּ
utterly 2 K 13:17 , 19 , to extremity Ezr 9:14 (of ’ י׳s anger), ֵה( עַד־ ְל ַכלּlate) =
completely 2 Ch 24:10 (until all had given), 31:1 (until all were destroyed). † e.
accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass , a thing Ru 3:18 ; c. acc. of ’ י׳s wrath ( ָתוֹ ) ֲחמLa
4:11 ; so ( ִי
ֲח ָמת, ) אַפִּי+ בpers. Ez 5:13 ; 6:12 ; 7:8 ; 13:15 ; 20:8 , 21 . † f.
accomplish in thought, determine ( cf. Qal 1 d ) sq. ָרעָהPr 16:30 ( || ) חשׁב. † 2. a.
put an end to, cause to cease Nu 17:25 ( + ַי
וַיְכַל־ ַבּ ֶהבֶל יְמֵיהֶם ;) ֵמ ָעלψ 78:33 and he
consumed ( caused to vanish ) in vanity their days . b. cause to fail, exhaust, use up,
spend , ַי
ֲא ַכלֶּה־בָּם ִחצּDt 32:23 my arrows will I exhaust against them; exhaust one’s
strength ח
ַ ֹ כּIs 49:4 ( || ;) יָגַעthe eyes (by weeping; cf. Qal 2 b ) 1 S 2:33 Jb 31:16 ;
of a disease, consume the eyes Lv 26:16 ( H ). c. destroy , sometimes exterminate: (1)
men subj., c. acc. pers. 2 S 21:5 ; 22:39 ( || ) מחץ, Dt 7:22 2 Ch 8:8 Je 10:25 ( ||
) אכל, La 2:22 ψ 119:87 ; especially in phr. ָם
כַּלּוֹת עַד 1 S 15:18 (on text v. Dr ), 2
S 22:38 ( || = ) השׁמידψ 18:38 , 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10 ; (2) God subj., c. acc.
pers. Jos 24:20 ( E ), Is 10:18 (Assyrian host, under fig. of forest); Je 5:3 Ex 32:10 ;
33:3 , 5 (JE), Nu 16:21 ; 17:10 ; 25:11 (all P ), Lv 26:44 ( H ), Ez 20:13 ; 22:31 ;
43:8 Jb 9:22 ; ךָ עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹ ְתDt 28:21 , עַד כַּלּוֹתִי אוֹתָםJe 9:15 ; 49:37 ; abs. ψ
59:14 ( ×2 )
; so also ( si vera l. ) 74:11 (see VB ; Bi Che ֵח ְק ָך ִתּ ְכלָא ְבּ ֶקרֶבand thy
right hand (why) keepest thou in thy bosom ); acc. + בinstr. Je 14:12 (by sword,
famine, and pestilence); sometimes the instrument of ’ י׳s judgment becomes grammat.
subj.; subj. ֶב
ַה ֶחרHo 11:6 ( obj. ַבּדָּיו, of city; || ) אכל, subj. ֵעגֶל Is 27:10 ( obj.
) ָרעָה || ; ְס ִעפֶֿי ָה, subj. flying roll Zc 5:4 ( obj. house). † Pu. Pf. 3 pl. כָּלּוּ ψ 72:20
be finished, ended; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְכֻלּוּ Gn 2:1 be completed ( P ).
† ָה ָכּלS 3615 , 3617 TWOT 982 , 982a GK 3983 , 3986 n. f. completion, complete
destruction, consumption, annihilation ; always this form;— 1. completion , but
only as adv. , and dubious: completely, altogether Gn 18:21 ( J ; read ָם ֻכּלּOl Kau
Buhl ), Ex 11:1 ( si vera l. ) 2. complete destruction, consumption, annihilation: a.
almost always by God, especially ָשׂה ך׳ ָ עIs 10:23 ( + ) וְנֶ ֱח ָרצָה, Na 1:8 (2 acc. ,
si vera l. ; Buhl ZAW 1885, 181
proposes ָיו
ְבּ ָקמfor מְקוֹמָהּv. Id. HWB 12 Kau AT , Text
Krit. Erläut. p. 65
; v. also ָקוֹם
מsub ) קום, v 9 Je 4:27 Ne 9:31 (2 acc. ); + אֵתpers.
= with , pergn. sense, = in dealing with ( cf. II. ֵת
א1 d ), Zp 1:18 ( נִ ְב ָהלָה ך׳ אַ ְך
), Je 5:18 ; 30:11 = 46:28 ( ך
ָ = אֹ ְת ) ִא ְתּ ָך, Ez 11:13 ; 20:17 ( = אוֹתָם ִאתָּם
); + ָל־גּוֹיִם
ְבּכJe 30:11 ; 46:28 ; without עשׂה: ך׳ וְנֶ ֱח ָרצָה ָשׁ ַמ ְעתִּיIs 28:22 ,
עַד־ך׳ וְן׳Dn 9:27 (on both cf. Is 10:23 Zp 1:18 ); ְל ָכלָהfor annihilation Ez
13:13 ( si vera l. , v. Co ), ְך׳
ַשׁחִית ל
ְ וְלֹא ְלה2 Ch 12:12 . b. by men, ַתּעֲשׂוּ וְך׳
אַל־Je 5:10 ; וְך׳ ְביָדוֹDn 11:16 and (i.e. with ) annihilation in his hand .
† [ ֶה
ָכּלS 3616
TWOT 982b
GK 3985
] adj. failing with desire, longing, only fpl.
וְעֵינֶי ָך רֹאוֹת וְכָלוֹת ֲאלֵיהֶםDt 28:32 while thine eyes look and fail longingly for
them ( cf. vb. כלהQal 2 b , and ָיוֹן ִכּלּinfr. )
† כלוהי Kt , ְלוּהוּ
כּS 3622
GK 3993
Qr n.pr. m. ( ? √ I. — ) כלהone of those
who had strange wives Ezr 10:35 , Χελκεια , A Χελια , L Χελιασουβ .
Kau E. Kautzsch.
† ִכּלָּיוֹן S 3631
TWOT 982c
GK 4001
n. m. 1. failing, pining; 2. annihilation ( on
format. cf. Lag BN 200
) ;— 1. cstr. ִכּלְיוֹן עֵינַיִםDt 28:65 failing of eyes (in
longing, cf. foregoing, and v. Dr ). 2. ָרוּץ ִכּלָּיוֹן חIs 10:22 annihilation, strictly
decided.
† ִכּלְיוֹן S 3630
GK 4002
n.pr. m. one of Naomi’s sons Ru 1:2 , 5 ; 4:9 ,
Κελαιων, Χελαιων, Χελεων , L Χελλαιων ( on etym. cf. Jer.; vid. Lag Onom.
ed. 2, 62, 5
).
† II. [ ָה
ִמ ְכלS 4356 , 4357
TWOT 980c , 982d
GK 4813 , 4816
] n. [ f. ] completenes,
perfection ;—only pl. cstr. intens. ָב
זָה ִמכְלוֹת 2 Ch 4:21 perfections of gold =
purest gold.— I. ָה
ִמ ְכלv. sub כלא.
ְכּלִי S 3627
TWOT 982g
GK 3998
324 n. m. Ho 8:8 article, utensil, vessel ( NH id.
; according to Thes from = כלהconficere , like Ger. Zeug from zeugen; proposes
therefore anything finished, made, produced; according to Ba ZMG 1887, 605 from
meaning enclose, contain; he finds pl. of ִי
ְכּלin כלאיM-I 23 ( cf. ך׳ — ) ) כלאים
ַה ֶכּ֑ל1 S 17:49 ; 21:6 ; cstr.
abs. Je 18:4 + ; ִי ְכּלִי Ho 13:15 + ; sf. ֶכּ ְליְָך Dt
23:25 ; pl. ֵכּלִים Ex 22:6 + ; cstr. ְכּלֵיGn 24:53 + ; sf. ֵכּלַי Gn 31:37 + 2
times; ך
ָ ֵכּלֶיGn 27:3 Ez 12:4 ; ֵינוּ
ֵכּל1 S 9:7 ; ְכּלֵיכֶם
Gn 43:11 + ; ֶם ְכּלֵיהJos
7:11 + ;— 1. in gen., article, object , made of any material, thing , especially thing of
value ָב ך׳ זָה1 S 6:8 , 15 (images of mice, etc.), personal or household property Gn
31:37 ( ×2 )
ָ ְ֑כּלֵי־בֵי ֶת
(E; v bך ) כֹּל, 45:20 ( E ), ֵית־
ב
טוֹ ִביָּהוּ ִכּלֵיNe 13:8 , Jos
7:11 (JE), ִים
ֵכּל ֶכּסֶף אוֹ Ex 22:6 ( E ) money or articles (property), פּ֑ז ָ ְכּלִי־Jb
28:17 (appar. coll. ); things carried , pl. = stuff, load, baggage ( impedimenta ) 1
S 17:22 ( ×2 ) , appar. = baggage-train 10:22 ; 25:13 ; 30:24 Is 10:28 ; ( cf. Gn
31:37 supr. ); ָה ְכּלֵי גוֹלthings of exile , i.e. the most necessary articles, such as
exiles may take, Je 46:19 Ez 12:3 , 4b , 7b , cf. v 4a , 7a ; = ornament or
jewels Gn 24:53 ( J ָב ך׳ ֶכסֶף וך׳ זָה, prob. = ornafnents), ך׳ כסף וך׳ זהבalso
Ex 3:22 ; 11:2 ; 12:35 (all E ); Is 61:10 , Ex 35:22 Nu 31:50 , ֲשׂה
ֶ ַמע ְכּלֵי v 51
(all P ), ָר
ְכּלִי יְקPr 20:15 (in fig. ), ִתפְאַ ְר ֵתּ ְך
ך׳Ez 16:17 , 39 ; 23:26 (all in
fig. ); ְחשׁת
ֶ נ ְכּלֵיas merchandise Ez 27:13 ; ִים
ֵכּלas cargo of ship Jon 1:5 ; וּ ַב ְרזֶל
ְחשׁת
ֶ כסף וזהב וּ ְכלֵי נJos 6:19 , 24 (JE; spoil of war); of any household article (on
which one sits) Lv 15:4 , 6 , 22 , 23 , 26 (all P ); of skin Nu 31:20 , or wood v
20 ( P ) ִי
ֶח ְמדָּה ְכּלNa 2:10 precious thing , so Ho 13:15 ( fig. ), Je 25:34 ( sim. ),
2 Ch 32:27 Dn 11:8 , ֻדוֹת
ֲחמ כלי 2 Ch 20:25 (appar. = ornaments); also ְכּלִי
אֵין־ ֵחפֶץ בּוֹ Je 22:28 ( fig. of Coniah, || נָפוּץ
) ֶעצֶב נִ ְבזֶה, Ho 8:8 ( sim. ; cf. Je
48:38 infr. ); † specif. of garments (one’s ‘things’): ֶר ְכּלִי־גֶבDt 22:5 ( || ִשׂ ְמלַֹת
ָ ) א, so עוֹר ְכּלִי־Lv 13:49 ( cf. ְמלֶאכֶת עוֹרv 48 ), v 52 , 53 , 57 , 58 , 59
ִשּׁה
(all P ). 2. utensil, implement, apparatus: † a. implement of hunting and
(especially) war, = weapon Gn 27:3 ( J ), 1 S 20:40 ; 21:9 ( ַי ) גַּם ַח ְרבִּי וְגַם ֵכּל,
1 K 11:8 = 2 Ch 23:7 , 1 K 11:11 Is 54:16 , 17 Je 22:7 ; prob. also Nu 35:22 ,
ְכּלִי ַבּ ְרזֶלv 16 , ְכּלִי עֵץ־יָדv 18 (all P ); ָחמָם ְכּלֵיGn 49:5 (poem); ְכּלִי
ַשׁחֵתוְֹמ Ez 9:1 , ָצוֹ
ַמפּ ך׳ v 2 ; fig. of God’s weapons מוֶת
ָ ְכּלֵי־ψ 7:14 ( || ;) ִחצָּיו
ך׳ זַעְמוֹIs 13:5 Je 50:25 ; of entire equipment of warrior, armour or armament
offensive and defensive 1 S 17:54 ( cf. v 5 ff. ), 21:6 , 9 ( v Dr Sm 139, 293 ),
31:9 , 10 = 1 Ch 10:9 , 10 ; hence ( ָיו נשֹׁא ֵכלִים ) ֵכּל ֵ armour - or weapon-
( ×2 ) ( ×2 )
bearer Ju 9:54 1 S 14:1 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 17 ; 16:21 ; 31:4 ( ×2 ) , 5
, 6 = 1 Ch 10:4 ( ×2 ) , 5 , 2 S 18:15 ; 23:37 = 1 Ch 11:39 ; fig. ָיו וְֵכלַי ֵכּל
ָרעִים Is 32:7 and a knave, his weapons (i.e. devices, Che ‘machinations’) are evil;
more precisely ָה
ִמ ְל ָחמ ְכּלֵי Ju 18:11 , 16 , 17 1 S 8:12 2 S 1:27 Dt 1:41 Je
21:4 ; 51:20 ( fig. ), Ez 32:27 1 Ch 12:34 ( van d. H. v 33 ); ָה
ִמ ְל ָחמ ְכּלֵי ְצבָא
1 Ch 12:38 ( van d. H. ) v 37 ); ָב
ְקר ְכּלֵי Ec 9:18 ; ָיו
ֵכּל בֵּית 2 K 20:13 = Is
39:2 is perhaps armoury; ך׳Ez 40:42 is sacrificial knife. † b. instrument of music
( ַה) ִשּׁיר ְכּלֵיAm 6:5 1 Ch 15:16 ; 16:42 2 Ch 5:13 ; 7:6 23:13 ; 34:12 ; ְכּלֵי
ָדוִיד29:26 , 27 , ך׳־שׁיר ָדּוִיד
ִ Ne 12:36 ; ֶל ְכּלִי נֶבψ 71:22 , ך׳ נְ ָבלִים1 Ch 16:5 ;
ֵכּלִיםalone 1 Ch 23:5 , cf. Nu 31:6 ( P —;) ְכּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁfor ( ִבּ ְכלֵי עֹז ) ליהוה2
Ch 30:21 read ָל־עֹז ( ְבּכKau AT , cf. Be ). † c. implement of labour, tool ך׳
ַב ְרזֶל1 K 6:7 , or of one’s calling, pursuit קַח־ ְל ָך ְכּלִי רֹעֶה ֱאוִלִיZc 11:15
(otherwise 1 S 17:40 , v 3 ). † d. equipment of oxen (yoke, etc.) 2 S 24:22 1 K
19:21 . † e. ְבּוֹ
ְכּלֵי ִרכ1 S 8:12 his chariot-equipments . f. as gen. term for utensils
and furniture of Sol.’s palace 1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20 ; especially (very often) of
tabern. Ex 25:9 , 39 ; 27:3 + (in Hex always P ), and temple 1 K 7:45 , 47 , 48
2 K 12:14 + ; of both palace and temple Je 27:18 , 19 , 21 ; combinations are ֵיְכּל
ִשׁכָּן
ְ ַהמּ Ex 27:19 , ח
ַ ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ
ך׳38:3 , ך׳ יהוהIs 52:11 , ך׳ בֵית י׳Je 27:16 ; 28:3 ,
6 Ezr 1:7 , ֵית י׳ ְכּלֵי ֶח ְמדַּת בּ2 Ch 36:10 , אֱלֹהִים ך׳ ֵבית2 Ch 28:24 ( ×2 ) ;
36:18 Ne 13:9 Dn 1:2 , קדָּשׁ ְ ך׳ ַה ִמּNe 10:40 ; ַשּׁרֵתָ ך׳ הNu 4:12 utensil of
ministry , ָם
ך׳ עֲבֹ ָדתNu 4:26 1 Ch 9:28 ; 28:14 ( ×2 )
, ֵית י׳
ך׳ עֲבוֹדַת בּ1 Ch
28:13 , ַשּׂאָםָ ִשׁ ֶמרֶת מ
ְ ך׳ מNu 4:32 ; also ך׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ1 K 8:4 1 Ch 9:29 ; of
appliances of idol-worship 2 K 23:4 . 3. > vessel, receptacle , of various materials
and for various purposes Gn 43:11 ( J ); 1 S 9:7 Dt 23:25 ; = sack Gn 42:25 ( E ;
ַשׂקin || cl., cf. אַ ְמ ַתּחַתv 27 ); ְכּלִי הָרֹעִיםshepherd’s bag or wallet 1 S 17:40 ,
cf. v 49 ; ֶשׂ
ֶחר ך׳ Je 32:14 is earthernware receptacle for deed of sale; for liquids
1 K 17:10 2 K 4:3 ( ×2 )
, 4, 6 ( ×3 )
, ֶה
ַשׁק
ְמ
ך׳1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20 , ְכּלֵי
ַשׁ ְמנָהּNu 4:9 , cf. v 10 ; וְלֹא הוּרַק ִמ ְכּלִי אֶל־ ֶכּ֑לִיJe 48:11 ( fig. ), cf. v 12
( || ִים ;) נְ ָבלfor cooking Lv 6:21 ( ) ך׳ ֶחרֶשׂ, v 21 ( ְחשׁת ֶ ;) ך׳ נv also ( ַה)יּוֹצֵר
2 S 17:28 Je 19:11 ( sim. ), ψ 2:9 ( sim. ), ִי לַצֹּרֵף ֶכּ֑לPr 25:4 ; פָתוּ ַח ך׳Nu
19:15 an open ( uncovered ) vessel . ָהוֹר ך׳ טIs 66:20 a clean vessel; fig. of
Eliakim’s relatives ִים ְכּלֵי ַה ָקּ ָט֑ן ִמ ְכּלֵי הָאַגָּנוֹת וְעַד כָּל־ ְכּלֵי ַהנְּ ָבלIs 22:24 the
vessels of smallness ( Da Synt. § 32, R 5 ), from the basin-vessels to all the pitcher-
vessels . † 4. specif. ֶא
ְכּלֵי־גֹמIs 18:2 vessels (boats) of paper-reed .
† [ ליָה
ְ ִכּS 3629
TWOT 983a
GK 4000
] n. f. only pl. kidneys ( NH ( ִכּ ְליָהpl. );
Aramaic ליָא
ְ כּוּor ( כּוֹ ְליָאonly pl. ), ; Ethiopic οἱ νεφροί ) ;— abs. pl. ָיוֹת ְכּל
Je 11:20 + 5 times; ָיֹת
ְכּלEx 29:13 + 13 times; cstr. ִכּלְיוֹתDt 32:14 Is 34:6 ;
ִכּלְיוֹתJb 16:3 + 2 times; ִכּלְיֹתַיJb 19:27 ; ִכּלְיוֹ ָ ֑תיψ 16:7 Pr 23:16 ; ִכּלְיֹ ָת֑י
sf. ַי
ψ 139:13 La 3:13 ; ֶם ִכּלְיוֹתֵיהJe 12:2 ;— kidneys: 1. lit., as physical organ, a. of
man, only poet., as created by י׳ψ 139:13 ; as the most sensitive and vital part, in
metaph. of man wounded by ’ י׳s arrows Jb 16:13 La 3:13 . b. of sacrifical animals,
offered as choice part to י׳Lv 3:4 , 10 , 15 ; 4:9 ; 7:4 ; 9:10 , 19 ; ֵי הַךּ׳ ְשׁתּEx
29:13 , 22 Lv 3:4 , 10 , 15 ; 4:9 ; 7:4 ; 8:16 , 25 (all P ); in fig. of sacrif.
Edomites ִים ֵחלֶב ִכּלְיוֹת אֵילIs 34:6 ; transferred to wheat, ֵחלֶב ִכּלְיוֹת ִחטָּהDt
32:14 kidney-fat (i.e. the choicest, richest) of wheat . 2. fig. , as seat of emotion and
affection Jb 19:27 Pr 23:16 ψ 16:7 ; 73:21 ; ֶם וְרָחוֹק מִךּ׳ קָרוֹב אַתָּה ְבּפִיהJe
12:2 near art thou in their mouth, and far from their affections; hence, as involving
character, the obj. of God’s examination, always || ֵב
ל: ך׳ וָלֵב בֹּחֵן Je 11:20 cf.
ψ 7:10 , ך׳ חֹקֵר לֵב בֹּחֵן Je 17:10 , ֵב
ך׳ וָל בֹּחֵן ַצדִּיק רֹאֶה 20:12 , ֯ ָצר
ְופָה ך׳
וְִלבִּי ψ 26:2 .
ַכּלָּה S 3618
TWOT 986a
GK 3987
, ָה
כְּלוּלv. sub II. כלל.
כלחS 3615
TWOT ( √ of I. ֶכּלַח, meaning
984
GK 3983
dub. ; Arabic is contract the
face, look hard, stern; a hard year (through dearth, etc.) ) .
ֶ ֫כּלS
† I. ַח 3624 , 3625
TWOT 984a
GK 3995 , 3996
n. m. poss. firm or rugged
ֱאלֵי־ ָק֑ב
strength ( v. √ supr. ), ֶר תָּבוֹא בְך׳ Jb 5:26 thou shalt come in firm
strength (with thy body vigorous, powers unimpaired) unto the grave; ָ ֑כּלַח ָעלֵימוֹ
אָבַד 30:2 upon whom vigour has perished .
† II. ֶ ֫כּלS
[ ַח 3624 , 3625
TWOT 984a
GK 3995 , 3996
ָ ֑כּלn.pr.loc. city in Assyria
], ַח
Gn 10:11 , 12 = Assyrian Kalḫu , Schr COT ad loc.
Dl Par 261 , mod. Nimrûd , at NE.
angle of Upper Zab and Tigris ( v. Billerbeck u. Jeremias BAS iii. 1895, 130 ff. )
† ָל־חֹזֶה כּS 3626 GK 3997 n.pr. m. 1. father of one of the builders, Shallun Ne
3:15 . 2. a name in Judah Ne 11:5 (relation to 1 unknown).
ְכּלִי S 3627
TWOT 982g
GK 3998
, ָיוֹן
ִכּלּS 3631
TWOT 982c
GK 4001
, etc., v. sub
I. כלה.
† I. [ ָכּלַלS 3634
TWOT 985
GK 4005
] vb. complete, perfect ( NH comprehend,
include , Pi. complete , ָל
ְכּלa general rule , ִבּ ְכלָלin general; Biblical Aramaic and
Syriac Shaph. שׁכלל, complete, finish; Assyrian kalâlu III. 1. 2. complete; Arabic is be
wearied, fatigued; Aramaic ָא
ְכּלִיל, is a crown , hence den. אַ ְכלֵיל, to crown; Ethiopic I.
2 to crown , a crown , crowning (of bride), nuptials ; cf. Arabic a crown ( Frä 62
))—
Qal Pf. Ez 27:4 בֹּנַיְִך כָּֽלְלוּ יְָפיְֵךthy builders have perfected thy beauty (of Tyre,
under fig. of ship), v 11 .
121 n.
Ges § 116, 5 R. 5
כל מצאיall my finders ( = if any one find me), he
), Gn 4:14
will slay me, v 15 a Nu 21:8 ך ְ = כָּל־ ַהנָּשׁוּwhosoever ( = if any one ) is bitten,
1 S 2:13 ; ( c ) with a neg., Gn 2:5 all plants of the field היֶה
ְ ִ ֶטרֶם יwere not as yet
= no plant of the field as yet was, 4:15 b לבלתי הכות־אתו כל־מצאוfor the not-
smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Ex 10:15
= ולא־נותר כל ירקand no green things were left, 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה
all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Dt 28:14 Ju 13:4 אַל־תֹּא ְכלִי
כָּל־ ָטמֵאeat not of all that is unclean, 19:19 אֵין ַמחְסוֹר כָּל־ ָדּבָרthere is no lack of
all things i.e. of any thing , ψ 143:2 כל־חי כי לא־יצדק לפניך, + very often (so οὐ
πα̂ς , as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mk 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πα̂σα σάρξ , Lk 1:37
οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει … πα̂ν ῥη̂μα , as Jer 32:17 ָר לֹא־יִָּפּלֵא ִמ ְמּ ָך כּל־ ָדּב, Gal 2:16 οὐ
δικαιωθήσεται … πα̂σα σάρξ , etc.) Usually, in such cases, ( כלor its gen.) is without
the art., being left purposely indef. : in ψ 49:18 ( 2 b a ) ַכֹּל
הis emph. (In Nu
23:13 וְכֻלּוֹ לֹא ִת ְראֶהthe context shews that כֹּלis opp. to a part). f. very
anomalously, severed from its gen., † 2 S 1:9 ָל־עוֹד ְשׁי בִי כִּי־כ
ִ נַפ, Jb 27:3
ִשׁ ָמתִי בִי
ְ כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נ, Ho 14:3 ( si vera l. ) ִשּׂא עָוֹן
ָ כָּל־תּ. On Ec 5:15
ַת־שׁ׳
ֶ כָּל־ ֻעמּv. ֻעמָּה.
Note .— When the gen. after כלis a noun fem. or pl. , the pred. usually agrees
with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gn 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Nu
14:1 עדָהֵ ִשּׂא כָל־ ָה
ָ וַתּ, Nah 3:1 ψ 150:6 ְשׁמָה ְתּ ַהלֵּל
ָ ; כֹּל ַהנּexceptions being
very rare, Is 64:10 b Pr 16:2 ( Ges § 141. 1 R. 2 ).
2. Absolutely: † a. without the art., all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes
m. ), the sense in which ‘all’ is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gn 9:3
נתתי לכם את כֹּל, 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ, 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, 33:11 לי כֹל
וכי ישׁ, Nu 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, 11:6 אֵין כֹּלnought of all things! =
there is nothing (so † 2 S 12:3 Pr 13:7 , cf. 2 K 4:2 ), 13:2 ( כֹּל נשׂיא בהםcf.
2 S 23:39 1 Ch 3:9 : usually so ַכֹּל
) ה, Dt 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, בְּחֹסֶר
v 48 , 37
( כֹּלcf. Je 44:18 ), Is 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁall exhibit shame, 44:24 עשֹׁה־כֹּל ֶ י׳,
Je 44:12 ַמּוּ( כֹלּ וְתunusual), Zp 1:2 ψ 8:7 ; 74:3 (read ) כֹּל ֵהרַע, 145:15 עיני
כֹל, Pr 16:4 ; 26:10 ; 28:5 Jb 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, 42:2 1 Ch 29:11 b 2
Ch 32:22 ( m. ), Dn 11:37 ( v. also 1 c end ); ִכֹּל מGn 6:19 , 20 b ְשׁנַיִם מִכֹּלּ,
14:20 ; 27:33 Je 17:9 ִכֹּל עקוב הלב מ, Dn 11:2 ( m. ) After a neg. = anything ,
Dt 4:25 ְמוּנַת כֹּל תּthe likeness of anything , 8:9 ; 28:55 Pr 30:30 . In the gen.
also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ez 44:30
; וְכָל־תְּרוּמַת כֹּל כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹלψ 119:128 ( si vera l. ) כָּל־פִּקּוּדֵי כֹלall the
statutes about everything . † b. with art. ַכֹּל
ה: ( a ) where the sense is limited by
the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Ex 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן,
Lv 1:9 הכהן את הַכֹּלּ והקטיר, v 13 ; 8:27 Dt 2:36 ַכֹּל נתן י׳ לפנינו את ה,
Jos 11:19 ( cf. 2 S 19:31 1 K 14:26 = 2 Ch 12:9 ), 21:43 ָא
( הַכֹּל בּcf. 23:14
), 1 S 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2 S 17:3 (corrupt: v. Dr ), 24:23 ( 1 Ch
21:23 ), 1 K 6:18 ַכֹּל ארז ( הcf. 7:33 2 K 25:17 = Je 52:22 ), 2 K 24:16 הַכֹּל
גבורים, Is 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, ψ 14:3 ; or implied, Gn 16:12 יָדוֹ בַכֹּל,
24:1 ַכֹּל ברך את אברהם בּ, 2 S 23:5 (poet.) ֲע ֻרכָה בַכֹּל, is 29:11 (peculiarly)
חָזוּת הַכֹּלthe vision of the whole , Je 13:7 , 10 יצלח לַכֹּל לא, Ez 7:14 וְ ָהכִין
( הַכֹּלbut Co ) וְ ָהכִינוּ ָהכֵן, ψ 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more freq. later, viz.
1 Ch 7:5 (as regards all ), 28:19 ; 29:19 2 Ch 28:6 ; 29:28 ; 31:5 ; 35:7 ; 36:17 ,
18 Ezr 1:11 ; 2:42 ; 8:34 , 35 ; 10:17 ( ַכֹּל וַיְכַלּוּ ב: v. BeRy ), Ec 5:8 ( בַּכֹּל,
appar. = in all respects ), 10:19 ; 12:13 . ( b ) in a wider sense, all , whether of all
mankind or of all living things, the universe ( τὸ πα̂ν ), or of all the circumstances of
life (chiefly late), Je 10:16 = 51:19 ַכֹּל הוא כי יוצר ה, ψ 103:19 ( cf. 1 Ch
29:12 ), 119:91 הַכֹּל ֲע ָבדֶי ָך, 145:9 טוֹב י׳ לַכֹּל, 1 Ch 29:12 , 14 , 16 Dn 11:2
, and especially in Ec., as 1:2 , 14 ; 2:11 , 17 ; 3:19 ; 12:8 הַכֹּל ֶהבֶל, 2:16 הכל
נשׁכח, 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, v 11 , 19 , 20 ; 6:6 ; 7:15 ; 9:1 , 2 , 2 , 3 ; 10:3 , 19 ;
11:5 . ַכֹּל
כּ, † Jb 24:24 ( si vera l. ) כַּכֹּל יִקָּֽפְצוּןlike all men (i.e. like men in
general).
† ָכּלִיל S 3632
TWOT 985b
GK 4003
adj. and subst. entire, whole, holocaust ,
cstr. ְכּלִיל, fem. constr. ְכּלִילַת:— 1. adj. Ez 16:14 (of Jerus. ) the report
ְבּיְָפיְֵך כִּי ָכּלִיל הוּא, 28:12 ( ְכּלִיל יֹֽפִי׃of the king of Tyre) entire, perfect in
beauty; 27:3 ִי׃ ( ֲאנִי ְכּלִילַת יֹֽפof Tyre), La 2:15 (of Jerus. ) הֲזֹאת ָהעִיר
ֶשׁיֹּאמְרוּ ְכּלִילַת יֹפִי. 2. subst. a. entirety, whole , Ex 28:31 thou shalt make the
robe of the ephod ֶת ְכּלִיל ְתּ ֵכלa whole of purple (i.e. wholly purple); so 39:22 ; Nu
4:6 ; ֶבּגֶד ְכּלִיל ְתּ ֵכלֶת Ju 20:40 השׁמימה והנה עלה ְכּלִיל־ ָהעִירthe whole of the
city (perhaps with allusion to meaning b ); as adv. acc. , Is 2:18 ִיל וְ ָה ֱאלִילִים ָכּל
יַ ֲחלֹףwill pass away in entirety, wholly . b. as a sacrif. term, entire- or whole -
offering, holocaust , of a sacrifice consumed wholly on the altar ( cf. Ph. כללCIS
I, i, 165, 167
; RS Rel. Sem. 237 ) , usually a descriptive syn. of ָה עוֹל: Dt 33:10 וְָכלִיל עַל
ָשׂימוּ קְטוֹרָה בְּאַ ֶפּ֔ ָך ִ ִמזְ ְבּחֶֽךָ׃ י, ψ 51:21 וְָכלִיל אז תחפץ זבחי צדק עוֹלָה, in app.
1 S 7:9 ִיל ליהוה ; ויעלה עוֹלָה ָכּלof the priests’ ִמנְחָה, Lv 6:15 ליהוה ָכּלִיל
ָתּ ְקטָֽר, v 16 ; וְכָל־ ִמנְחַת כֹּהֵן ָכּלִיל ִתּ ְהיֶה לֹא תֵאָכֵלfig. Dt 13:17 (of idol.
city) ִיל לי׳ אלהיך ושׂרפת באשׁ את־העיר ואת־כל שׁללהּ ָכּלand thou shalt burn
the city and all its spoil as a whole-offering to י׳.
† ִמכְלוֹל S 4358
TWOT 985c
GK 4814
n. m. perfection , i.e. (prob.) gorgeous
attire , Ez 23:12 ; 38:4 (of warriors) ֻשׁי
ֵ ְלב ִמבְלוֹל.
† [ ֻל
ַמ ְכלS 4360
TWOT 985d
GK 4815
] n. m. a thing made perfect , i.e. (prob.)
gorgeous garment (or stuff), Ez 27:24 ֵהמָּה רֹ ְכ ַליְִך ְבּ ַמ ְכ ֻללִים ִבּגְלֹמֵי ְתּ ֵכלֶת
וְ ִר ְקמָה וג׳.
† ַכּלָּה S 3618
TWOT 986a
GK 3987
n. f. daughter-in-law, bride ;— abs. ך׳ Je
2:32 + 14 times sf. ַכּלָּתוֹGn 11:31 + 5 times; ַכּ ָלּתָהּRu 1:22 + 2 times, etc.; pl.
sf. כַּלֹּתֶי ָהRu 1:6–8 , כַּלּוֹתֶי ָה1:7 , כַלּוֹתֵיכֶםHo 4:13 , 14 ;— 1. daughter-in-law
, in ref. to husband’s father Gn 38:11 , 16 ; 24 ( J ), cf. 1 Ch 2:4 1 S 4:19 Ez
22:11 Mi 7:6 Gn 11:31 ( P ), Lv 18:15 ; 20:12 (both H ); husband’s mother Ru
1:6 , 7 , 8 , 22 ; 2:20 , 22 ; 4:15 . 2. bride , usually a. just before marriage Is 49:18
; 61:10 ; 62:5 ; Je 2:32 (all in sim. , etc.), || ָן
ָחת7:34 ; 16:9 ; 25:10 ; 33:11 Jo
2:16 ; Ct 4:8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ; 5:1 . b. also just after marriage = young wife Ho
4:13 , 14 ; read ָה ַה ַכּלּlikewise 2 S 17:3 (for MT ) הַכֹּל, We Dr Klo Kit
Bu .
† [ ָה
] כְּלוּלn. f. betrothal ;—only pl. ( כְּלוּלֹ ָת֑יְִךcf. ‘ espousals ’) Je 2:2 thy
betrothal-time ( || ך
ְ ִ) נְעוּ ַרי.
†[ ָכּלַםS 3637
TWOT 987
GK 4007
] vb. only Niph. Hoph. be humiliated , Hiph.
humiliate ( NH Hiph., id. ; Aramaic ַם
ְכּלAph. Ithpe.; Arabic is wound; also speak to,
converse with ) ;— Niph. Pf. 2 fs. וְנִ ְכ ַל ְמ ְתּ consec. Je 22:22 + 2 times; 1 s. ִי
נִ ְכ ַל ְמתּ
נִ ְכ ָל֑ ְמתּIs 50:7 ; 3 pl.
Je 31:19 Ezr 9:6 , ִי נִ ְכלְמוּ Is 45:16 + 2 times; Impf. 3 fs.
ִתּ ָכּלֵםNu 12:14 ; 2 fs. ִתּכָּֽ ְלמִיIs 54:4 ; 3 mpl. יִכָּֽלְמוּIs 41:11 + 5 times; 2 mpl.
ִתּכָּֽלְמוּIs 45:17 ; Imv. mpl. ִהכָּֽלְמוּEz 36:32 ; Inf. cstr. ִה ָכּלֵםJe 3:3 ; 8:12 ;
Pt. ָם נִ ְכלψ 74:21 ; mpl. נִ ְכ ָלמִים2 S 10:5 + 2 times; fpl. נִ ְכלָמוֹתEz 16:27 ;— be
humiliated, ashamed, put to shame, dishonoured, confounded; 1. be humiliated, ashamed
, before men Nu 12:14 ( E ), 2 S 10:5 = 1 Ch 19:5 , 2 S 19:4 , cf. ψ 74:21 ; before
enemies (by defeat, etc.) Is 45:17 ( || ) בושׁ, 50:7 ; 54:4 ( || בושׁ, ;) חפרbefore God,
sq. ְלinf. , אֱלֹהַי ְל ָהרִים ָפּנַי ֵאלֶי ָך וְנִ ְכ ַל ְמתִּי Ezr 9:6 ( || ;) בושׁJe 3:3 Ez 16:27 , 54
( || ָהָשׂא ְכ ִלמּ
ָ ) נ, 43:10 , 11 (all + מִןcaus. ) 16:61 , so prob. Levites, at Hezekiah’s
reforms 2 Ch 30:15 . 2. be put to shame, dishonoured, confounded , by judgments of י׳,
all || בושׁ: Je 22:22 ( ִן
מof cause), Ez 36:32 ( id. ), Je 31:19 ( כִּיof cause), 8:12 Is
41:11 ; 45:16 ( + ָה
ַבּ ְכּ ִלמּ ) ָה ַל ְך, ψ 35:4 ; 69:7 ; + חפרψ 40:15 ; 70:3 . Hiph. Pf. 3
ms. sf. ִה ְכלִמוֹ 1 S 20:34 ; 3 mpl. sf. ( ֶה ְכ ַלמְנוּםGes § 53, 3 R. 6
) 1 S 25:7 ; Impf.
יְַכלִיםPr 28:7 ; 2 ms. sf. וַ ַתּ ְכלִימֵנוּψ 44:10 ; 2 mpl. sf. ַתּ ְכלִימוּנִיJb 19:3 , -
מוּ ָהRu 2:15 ; Inf. cstr. ַה ְכלִיםJe 6:15 Pr 25:8 ; Pt. ַמ ְכלִיםJu 18:7 (but v. infr.
), ִם ַמ ְכלJb 11:3 ;— 1. put to shame = insult, humiliate , c. acc. 1 S 20:34 ; 25:7 (
cf. Hoph. v 15 ) Jb 19:3 ; humiliate by rebuke Ru 2:15 Jb 11:3 ; humiliate by defeat
Pr 25:8 ψ 44:10 ; cause shame to Pr 28:7 ;— Ju 18:7 is crpt. (see Be VB GFM ; Be
proposes ְסוֹר כל־דבר ַמחthere was no lack of anything , for MT ; ַמ ְכלִים ד׳GFM
conjectures ֵא
ְמ ַכלּ ִמ ָדּבָרthere is no one to restrain (us) from anything in the land). 2.
exhibit shame Je 6:15 ( || ) בושׁ. Hoph. Pf. 1. 1 pl. ְנוּ לֹא ָה ְכ ַלמ1 S 25:15 we were
not insulted, humiliated ( cf. Hiph. 1 ). 2. 3 pl. ָח ְכלְמוּ Je 14:3 they were put to shame,
dishonoured, confounded ( || ) בושׁ.
† ְכּלִמּוּת S 3640
TWOT 987b
GK 4010
n. f. ignominy ;—only cstr. עוֹלָם
וּ ְכלִמּוּת Je 23:40 ( || ָם
עוֹל ) ֶה ְרפַּת.
† ַד ִכּ ְלמS 3638 GK 4008 n.pr.loc. ( si vera l. ) Ez 27:23 , named after אַשּׁוּר,
Χαρμαν ; = mod. Kalwâdha near Bagdad, according to G. Smith TSBA i, 61 Dl Pa 206 ,
cf. Schr COT ; but txt. dub. v. Co ; ומדי, whence Mez Stadt Ḥarrân 34 כָּל־ ָמדַי
all Media; JKi Hi Co ) ְר ֻכ ָלּ ֵת ְך ( ְכּלִמּוּדAsshur was as thine apprentice ( v. sub
למדin trading; but sense not very prob.
† ָכּמַהּS 3642
TWOT 988
GK 4014
vb. faint ( Arabic is be pale of face, gray (of
daylight), weak-eyed , blind from birth; Syriac be blind ) , only fig. — Qal Pf. 3 ms.
ְשׂרִי
ָ ך׳ ְל ָך ב ψ 63:2 faint (with longing) for thee ( || ְשׁי
ִ נַפ ) צָֽמְאָה ְל ָך.
† כְּמוֹשׁ S 3645
GK 4019
n.pr. div. Chemosh ( כמשMI
3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 32, 33
כמזTWOT 990
( √ of foll.; meaning dub. ; Arabic is bunch, heap ) .
כמןS 3646
TWOT 991
GK 4021
( √ of foll. ( si vera l. ); perhaps be hidden; cf.
Aramaic ַן
ְכּמ, , lie in ambush; Arabic id. is denom. from loan-word according to Frä 243
).
† [ ָן
ִמ ְכמS 4362
TWOT 991a
GK 4819
] n. [ m. ] only pl. hidden stores , ִמ ְכ ַמנֵּי
ַהזָּהָב וְ ַה ֶכּסֶף Dn 11:43 (? read ְמֹנֵי
) ַמט.
† כַּמֹּן S 3646
TWOT 991
GK 4021
n. m. cumin, plant grown as condiment (
NH xix. 8
κύμινον , cuminum cyminum; Plin ; Germ. ‘ römischer Kümmel ;’ Löw
No. 152
; √ dub. ; NH id. Aramaic ַמּוֹנָא
כּ, ; Arabic , Ethiopic on format. cf. Lag BN
89
; loan-word according to Di 832
) ;— Is 28:25 , 27 , 27 .
†[ ָכּמַסS 3647
TWOT 992
GK 4022
] vb. store up ( si vera l. ), in Qal Pt. pass.
ָכּמֻם Dt 32:34 is not this stored up ( laid up in store ) with me ( || ת֑י
ָ ֹבְּאוֹ ְצר ;) חָתוּם
but read prob. כּנֻס
ָ in same meaning ( v. כנס, and Dr Dt 32 , 34 ).
† ָס ִמ ְכמS 4363 GK 4820 n.pr.loc. Ezr 2:27 = Ne 7:31 ; = ( ִמ ְכמָשׂv. Baer’s
notes) 1 S 13:2 + 6 times 1 S, + 2 times;—city in Benjamin, N. from Geba and
Jerusalem 1 S 13:2 , 5 (E. from Bethaven), v 11 , 16 , 23 ; 14:5 , 31 Is 10:28
Ne 11:31 ; ְשׁי ם׳ ֵ אַנEzr 2:27 = Ne 7:31 . Μαχ(ε)μας , etc. (On Mikmās v.
BR i, 440 ff. Geogr. § 96
Rob Buhl ).
† I. [ ָכּמַרS 3648
TWOT 993
GK 4023
] vb. Niph. grow warm and tender, be or
grow hot ( NH id. Pi. heat fruit in the ground, making it ripe, over-ripe, tender;
Aramaic ַר
ְכּמid. , and more gen. make warm (one’s flesh, or food); cf. kemr ,
fermentation , etc., in mod. Syria Wetzst ZPV xiv (1891), 6
) — Niph.
נִ ְכמְרוּGn
Pf. 3 pl.
43:30 + 2 times, מ֑רוּ ָ נִ ְכLa 5:10 ;— 1. grow warm and tender , fig. , subj. ; רחמים
ַר ֲחמָיו אֶל־אָחִיו ן׳Gn 43:30 ( J ), so ן׳ ַר ֲחמֶי ָה עַל־ ְבּנָהּ1 K 3:26 ; ( ַר ֲח ָ ֑מיWe ) יַחַד ן׳
נִחוּ ָמ֑י
Ho 11:8 ( || ך
ְ ) ָעלַי ִלבִּי נֶ ְה ַפּ. 2. be or grow hot , עוֹרֵנוּ ְכתַנּוּר ן׳ ִמ ְפּנֵי וגו׳ La
5:10 our skin has become hot like a furnace , because of the famine.
† [ ִיר
] ִכּ ְמרn. m. darkness, gloominess (?) pl. intens. cstr. ִכּ ְמ ִרירֵי יוֹם Jb 3:5
the deep gloom of day ( || ך
ְ חֹשׁ
ֶ , צלמות, —;) ֲענָנָהread כַּם׳, v. Di Sta § 231
.
† [ ְמֹר
ַמכS 4364 , 4365
TWOT 995b , 995c
GK 4821 , 4822
n. [ m. ] net, snare ( v.
foregoing)— pl. sf. ְשׁעִים
ָ יִפְּלוּ ְבּ ַמכְמֹרָיו ר ψ 141:10 ; so Gr Che 140:11 (
במכמרותfor MT ְבּ ַמהֲמֹרוֹת, v. p. 243 ).
ִמ ְכ ֶ ֫מרS
† [ ֶת 4365
TWOT 995c
GK 4822 , 4823
] n. f. net, fishing-net ; sg. sf.
ִמ ְכ ַמרְתּוֹ
Hb 1:15 ( || ָה
ַחכּ, and ) ֵחרֶם, v 16 , both in fig. of conquering
Chaldeans.
† ִמכְמֹ֫רֶת S 4365
TWOT 995c , 995d
GK 4824
n. f. id. ; מיִם
ַ עַל־ ְפּנֵי־ ְשׂי ם׳
ֵ וּפֹר
Is 19:8 ( || ָה
ַחכּ ַשׁלִיכֵי ַביְאוֹר
ְ ) מ.
† [ ֶר ֫ S
כֹּמ 3649
TWOT 996
GK 4024
] n. m. (idol-)priest ( so NH ; כּוּמָר
Aramaic , ָא
כּוּ ְמר, is also priest of God; Nerab כמרHal Rev. Sém. 1896, 280, 282
; Nab.
כמרpriest CIS ii, No. 170
, Teima כמראid. CIS ; so כמרNeo-Pun.
ii, No. 113 a, b, b, bis
ZMG . 1875, 238, 239 JAs Apr.–June, 1887, 465
Eut Berger ; perhaps TelAm. kamiru Bez BM. Tabl.
xxvi; Or. Dipl. 92
; Wkl TA 1, 15, 33
leaves untransl. ) ;— pl. abs. , in O.T. only of idol-
priests; ִים
ַה ְכּ ָמר2 K 23:5 , ְכּ ָמרָיוHo 10:5 , עִם־הַכֹּ ֲהנִים הַךּ׳Zp 1:4 . In Ho 4:4
Beck (in Wü 142
) We proposes ָיו
ִכּ ְכ ָמר ( וֶ ַעמִּיfor MT ) וְ ַע ְמּ ָך ִכּ ְמרִיבֵי.
adv. so, thus ( Ph. NH id. ; Syriac is then , Arabic , but: prob. from the demonstr.
√ ka , found in ִי
כּetc., Kö ) ; ( כֶּן־הוּא ) הִיאGn 44:10 + 4 times: so thus (i.e.
ii 1, 254
usually, as has been described or commanded, with ref. to what has preceded), mostly of
manner, but sometimes also of quantity, quality, or degree: 1. a. Ju 5:31 כן יאבדוso
perish thy enemies, Jb 5:27 הִיא כֶּן־, 8:13 כן ארחות כל שׁכחי אל, Pr 6:29 ; 8:13 ;
2 S 16:23 Is 36:6 ; 47:15 כן היו לך, Nu 13:33 ; וכן היינו בעיניהםNu 9:16 כן
; יהיה תמידEx 10:14 , 14 ( כמהו וג׳ לא היה כן ארבהi.e. in such numbers), 1 K
10:12 כן עצי אלמגים לא בא, v 20 2 Ch 1:12 , 12 , Ju 21:14 להם כן ולא מצאו
and they did not suffice for them so (viz. in such numbers of them as there were); 1 K
6:26 וכן הכרוב השׁני, Ez 41:7 (?); וכן ל׳Ex 27:11 1 K 10:29 Ez 40:16 2 Ch
35:12 , cf. 1 Ch 23:30 ; ל׳ כן Ex 25:33 ( cf. 26:24 ), Jos 21:40 . b. the force of ֵן
כּhas
sometimes to be elicited from the context: 1 K 2:7 ( כי כן קרבו אליsc. with kindness
such as that enjoined in v a), 20:40 כן משׁפטך, Je 14:10 ( לנוע כן אהבוi.e. not less
than י׳has withdrawn from them v 9 , Gf Ke ; Gie proposes ֵן ) אָכ, ψ 61:9 ִשׁ ְמ ָך כֵּן
( ֲאוַ ְמּרָהHi ְכּ ִצ ְד ְק ָך, implied in v 6–8 ), 63:3 ( ֲחזִי ִת ָך כֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁsc. with the
longings of v 2 ), v 5 ֵן ( ֲא ָב ֶר ְכ ָך ְב ַחיָּי כּsc. כִּי־טוֹב ַח ְס ְדּ ָךv 4 ), 65:10 כִּי כֵן
( ְתּכִינֶ ָהi.e. so generously, v 10 ), 90:12 ( ִלמְנוֹת יָמֵינוּ כֵּן הוֹדַעHi ְכּיִרְאַת י׳v 11 ),
127:2 שׁנָא ֵ ( כֵּן יִּתֵּן לִידִידוֹsc. as abundantly; but Che ) אָכֵן, Pr 24:14 (see v 13 ),
Is 52:14 ֵהוּ ִשׁחַת ֵמאִישׁ ַמ ְרא ְ ( כֵּן מsufficiently to justify ) שׁממו עליך רבים. c. כן
occurs freq. in partic. phrases, as ( a ) with היָה ָ , especially ויהי כןand it was so Gn 1:7
v. ; כון
v. I. ; כנן
v. II. כנן
†[ ָכּנָהS 3655
TWOT 997
GK 4033
] vb. Pi. betitle, title, give an eypithet or
cognomen ( NH id. ; Aramaic כּנָא
ְ , ; Arabic )— Pi. Impf. 1 s. sf. ִשׁ ֶמ֑ ָך ֲא ַכנְּ ָך
ְב
וָ ֶא ְקרָא ְל ָך Is 45:4 I have called thee by thy name, giving thee a title (of honour; cf. for
construction Dr § 163 ); 3 ms. כנֶּה ְִַשׂ ָראֵל י
ְ ְשׁם י
ֵ וּב44:5 , and with the name Israel he
titles (himself), is hardly poss.; abs. he betitles , or makes use of a title , is unlikely; read
prob. Pu. , v. infr. , in bad sense = give a flattering title: כנֶּה
ַ וְאֶל־אָדָם לֹא ֲאJb
32:21 and unto man I do not give flattering titles ( || ִישׁ
א ֶשּׂא ְפנֵי
ָ ;) אַל־נָא א abs. v
22 . Pu. Impf. יְֻכנֶּה Is 44:5 he is betitled ( v. supr. ; so Bi Che Du ; || יקרא
בשׁם יעקב, etc.)
ַכּנָּה S 3657
TWOT 999b
GK 4035
ψ 80:16 v. sub כנןp. 488 .
† ַכּנֶּה n.pr.loc. appar. in Mesopot., וְך׳ וָ ֶעדֶן ָחרָןEz 27:23 , Χαναα ; identif.
dub. ; = ַכּ ְלנֶה Thes and most; Co reads לנֶהְ ; ַכּMez Stadt Hòarran 34 proposes ְבּנֵי ֶעדֶן
.
ָכּנְיָהוּ S 3659
GK 4037
v. יְהוֹיָכִיןp. 220 , and יְכוֹנְיָהsub כון.
ִכּנָּם S 3654
TWOT 999a
GK 4038
, ִם
ִכּנּv. IV. כֵּןsub II. כנן.
1 K 7:31 (but v. infr. ); sf. כַּנּוֹEx 30:18 + 11 times; ַכּנֶּ֑ ָךGn 40:13 ; ַכּנִּי41:13
;— 1. lit. base, pedestal , 1 K 7:31 (like) the work of a pedestal ( Th VB ),
according to Sta ZAW iii, 1883, 161, 162 ֵן
ֲשׂה־כ
ֵ ַמעis in wrong place, being orig. part of a
gloss to v 35 ;— ך׳in v 29 = thus , or is textual error;— רנָם ְ כֵּן־ ָתּIs 33:23 the
base ( support or socket ) of their mast (so Thes and most); especially of base of
laver of tabernacle Ex 30:18 , 28 ; 31:9 ; 35:16 ; 38:8 ; 39:39 ; 40:11 Lv 8:11
(all P ). 2. office, place Gn 40:13 ; 41:13 (both E ); hence (late) ַנּוֹ עַל־כּin his
place Dn 11:20 , 21 , 38 (i.e. in his stead, as his successor, cf. Germ. an seiner
Stelle ); ַל
עom. v 7 .
† ְכּנַנְיָ֫הוּ S 3663
GK 4041
n.pr. m. ( י׳is firm ) ;— 1. a Levite 1 Ch 15:22
Κωνενια , A Χωνενια , L Ιεχονιας ; = כּנַנְיָה
ְ v 27 , Ιεχονιας , A
Χενενιας , L Χονενιας . 2. an Izharite 1 Ch 26:29 , Χωνεν(ε)ια(σ) .
† ִי
ְכּנָנS 3662 GK 4039
n.pr. m. a Levite Ne 9:4 , א
c. a
A Χανανι , L
Χωνενιας ( B om.)
ְכּנַנְיָ֫הוּ S 3663
GK 4041
Qr n.pr. m. v. כּוֹנַנְיָ֫הוּsub כון.
† כֵּןS 3651 , 3652 , 3653 , 3654 TWOT 2790 , 964a , 998a , 999a GK 4026 , 4027 , 4028 , 4029 , 4030 ,
IV.
4031
(?), ִם ִכּנּ, ִכּנָּםS 3654 TWOT 999a GK 4038 n. [ m. ], meaning dub. ; either
gnat, gnats, gnat-swarm ( so B Philo Vita Mos. i , p. 97 , Origen Hom 4, 6 in Ex.
,
and most moderns ) , or [ louse ,] lice ( so S Jos Ant. ii, 14, 13
Boch Hieroz. II, ii, 572
f.
, as NH ִכּנָּה,
= ִכּנִּיםmaggots , and especially lice ) — abs. perh. כֵּןIs 51:6
pl.
( v. infr. ); pl. כּנִּים
ִ Ex 8:13 , 14 ψ 105:31 , ִכּנִּםEx 8:12 ; Ex 8:13 , 14 has,
also, כּנָּם
ִ prob. a mere Mas. device for ( ִכּנִּםcf. Di ), on account of preceding וַ ְתּהִי
(on which see Ges § 145. 4 Da Synt. § 116 ); Sam. has כניםthroughout:—of Egyptian
plague Ex 8:12 , 13 ( ×2 ) , 14 ( ×2 ) (all P ), hence ψ 105:31 ; ֵן יְמוּתוּן
כְּמוֹ־כIs 51:6
like a gnat-swarm (?) shall they die ( cf. Di Du ; Weir Che read כנים, cf. Buhl
p. 355
; > Brd De like this).
Note .— Nö M 54 Ba NB § 15, ES 53 Buhl Ges HWB ed. 12 connnect this word etymol.
with Aramaic כלמתאvermin , Ba and Buhl also with Assyrian kalmatu , id. [ Dl
HWB 333
], and even with Aramaic קלמתא, , Arabic , etc., Ethiopic louse; but these
connexions, as well as that with NH ְכּנִימָה, all involving radical מ, are most
improb.
† ַכּנָּה S 3657
TWOT 999b
GK 4035
ψ 80:16 n. f. ( si vera l. ) support (of tree),
i.e. root, stock ( fem. of III. ֵן
; כּcf. Syriac m. id. , Che Psalms 397
, so Ges ); al.
take as vb. , but κατάρτισαι is ag. gramm. (should be ) כֹּנְנָה, and √ = כנן
֫ ) is improb. text dubious.
protect ( Hu Ri De ; read then כֹּנָּה
†[ ָכּנַסS 3664
TWOT 1000
GK 4043
] vb. gather, collect ( NH id. brought in;
Aramaic כּנַס
ְ ( v. ;) כנשׁEthiopic in der. conj. assemble for worship , etc.; Arabic is
sweep, sweep away, destroy ) — Qal (late) Pf. 1 s. ִי
ָכּנַ ְסתּEc 2:8 ; Imv. כְּנוֹסEst 4:16
; Inf. cstr. 1 Ch 22:2 + 3 times; Pt. כֹּנֵסψ 33:7 ;— gather people 1 Ch 22:2 Est
† [ ָס
ִמ ְכנS 4370
TWOT 1000a
GK 4829
] n. m. Ez 44:18 only du. (or pl. )
drawers ( connex. with above √ כנסobscure; Di der. from = כנס גנזcover up,
hide ( cf. Du Is 28:20 ), which Thes also comp. ) —only cstr. —; ִמ ְכנְסֵיa
priestly garment of linen ִים
ִשׁתּ
ְ ִמ ְכנְסֵי פEz 44:18 ; ִמ ְכנְסֵי ( ַה)בָּד Ex 28:42 ; 39:28
Lv 6:3 ; 16:4 (all P ).
†[ ָכּנַעS 3665
TWOT 1001
GK 4044
] vb. be humble , only in der. conj. ( Aramaic
ְכּנַעid. ; Arabic is be contracted, wrinkled; also fold wings (of eagle) ) — Niph. Pf. 3
ms. כנַע ְ ִ נ1 K 21:29 + 3 times; 3 pl. נִ ְכנְעוּ2 Ch 12:7 ; 30:11 ; נִ ְכ ֑נָעוּ2 Ch 12:7 ;
Impf. כּנַע ִָ יLv 26:41 + 3 times; 3 fs. וַ ִתּ ָכּנַעJu 3:30 ; 2 ms. וַ ִתּ ָכּנַע2 K 22:19 + 2
times; 3 mpl. ָֽנְעוּ וְיִכּ2 Ch 7:14 + 5 times; יִָכּ ֑נֵעוּ1 Ch 20:4 ; Inf. ִה ָכּנַע2 Ch 33:23 ;
sf. ָֽנְעוֹ ִהכּ2 Ch 12:12 ; 33:19 ;— 1. reflex. humble oneself Lv 26:41 ( H ; subj. ְל ָבבָם
), 2 Ch 7:14 ; 12:6 , 7 ( ×2 ) , 12 ; 30:11 ; 32:26 ; 33:19 , 23 ; before some one, פנֵי ְ ִל2
Ch 34:27 ; פנֵי ְ ִמ ִלּ1 K 21:29 2 Ch 33:12 , 23 ; 34:27 ; 36:12 ; ִמ ְפּנֵי1 K 21:29 2 K
22:19 . 2. pass. be humbled, subdued 1 S 7:13 1 Ch 20:4 2 Ch 13:18 ; sq. פנֵי ְ ִלpers.
Ju 8:28 ; פּנֵי ְ ִמJu 11:33 ; under some one ַתּחַתJu 3:30 ψ 106:42 . Hiph. Pf. 3 ms.
ִה ְכנִי ַע2 Ch 28:19 ; 1 s. ִה ְכנַ ְעתִּי1 Ch 17:10 ; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְַּכנַעJu 4:23 ψ 107:12 ;
sf. ֵם יְַכנִיעDt 9:3 + 2 times; 2 ms. ַתּ ְכנִי ַעIs 25:5 ; וַ ַתּ ְכנַעNe 9:24 ; 1 s. אַ ְכנִי ַעψ
81:15 ; Imv. ֵהוּ ַה ְכנִיעJb 40:12 ;— 1. humble 2 Ch 28:19 Jb 40:12 ψ 107:12 ( obj.
) לֵב, Is 25:5 ( obj. ) ְשׁאוֹן זָרִים. 2. subdue enemies 2 S 8:1 = 1 Ch 18:1 , 1 Ch
17:10 ψ 81:15 ; sq. פנֵי ְ ִלDt 9:3 Ju 4:23 Ne 9:24 .
† [ ָה
ִכּנְעS 3666
TWOT 1001a
GK 4045
] n. f. bundle, pack ( cf. Arabic sense of
√ , supr. ) ;— sf. ִא ְספִּי ֵמ ֶארֶץ ִכּנְ ָע ֵת֑ ְך Je 10:17 pack thy bundle (and take it) out of
the land .
I. ְכּנַ֫עַן S 3667
TWOT 1002
GK 4046 , 4047
90 n.pr. m. et terr. Canaan ( Χανααν
, Ph. = כנעןPhoenicia; Χνα = כנע, Hecataeus, v. Müller Fr . Hist. Gr. i, 17 al. ;
Egyptian Ka-n- -nḁ WMM Asien u. Europa , 205 ff. ; Tel Amarna Kina̮hna, Kinaḫḫhi ,
etc., Bezold BM Tablets, 150 Wkl TA 39 ; etym. dub. GFM PAOS Oct. 1890, lxvii ff. ; v. also
GASm Geogr. 4 f. Buhl Geogr. § 42 ) ;— † 1. as n.pr. m. , son of Ham Gn 9:18 , 22 ,
25 , 27 ; 10:15 (as ancestor of Canaanites and Phoenicians; all J ); 10:6 ( P ); 1
Ch 1:8 , 13 (from Gn 10:6 , 15 ). 2. a. land, W. of Jordan, into wh. Hebrews came,
and where they settled, subduing the inhabitants; ַן ַמ ְלכֵי ְכּנַעJu 5:19 , מלך ך׳Ju 4:2
, 23 , 24 ( ×2 )
; hence ך׳
ַמ ְמלְכוֹתψ 135:11 ; ישׁבֵי ך׳
ְ Ex 15:15 (song in E ); cf.
ִמ ְלחֲמוֹת ך׳Ju 3:1 ; ֲע ַצבֵּי ך׳ψ 106:38 idols of Canaan , i.e. of the former
inhabitants; especially ֶצ(־) ך׳ אַ ְרצָה ך׳ ֶארGn 44:8 ; 46:31 ; 47:1 , 4 , 13 , 14 ,
15 ; 50:5 , 13 (all J ), 35:6 ; 42:5 , 7 , 13 , 29 , 32 ; 45:17 , 25 Jos 24:3 (all E
), Gn 11:31 ; 12:5 ( ×2 ) ; 13:12 ( opp. ָר ָערֵי ַה ִכּכּv b), 16:3 ; 17:8 ( P ) + , Jos
22:9 , 10 , 11 ( P ) Ju 21:12 1 Ch 16:18 = ψ 105:11 ; also ך׳ הָאָרֶץ Nu 34:2 (
P ); ך׳ בְּנוֹת Gn 28:1 daughters of Canaan = women of the land, so v 6 , 8 ;
36:2 (all P ); כנעןis personif. Ho 12:8 = apostate Israel; ַת ך׳ ְשׂפIs 19:18 = the
Hebrew lang. (without evil implication). b. the coast, especially Phoenicia Is 23:11 ;
cf. ִים
ִשׁתּ
ְ ך׳ ֶארֶץ ְפּלZp 2:5 .
† I. ִי
ְכּנַ ֲענS 3669
TWOT 1002a
GK 4050 , 4051
adj. et nom. gent. of 1. ַן
—; ְכּנַע
usually ms. ( ַה) ְכּנַ ֲענִיGn 38:2 Nu 21:1 + ; fs. ַה ְכּנַ ֲענִיתGn 46:10 = Ex 6:15
1 Ch 2:3 ; mpl. ; ענִים ֲ ַ ( ַה) ְכּנOb 20 Ne 9:24 ;— 1. adj. אִישׁ ך׳Gn 38:2 ( J ). 2.
c. art. as subst. , a. of individual, ַךּ׳ ֶמ ֶלךְ־ ֲערָד הNu 21:1 ( J ) and hence 33:40 ( P
or R ); f. ענִית ֲ ַ ַה ְכּנGn 46:10 = Ex 6:15 ( P ) בַּת־שׁוּ ַע ַה ְכּנַ ֲענִית1 Ch 2:3 . b.
usually coll. ( c. art.) of pre-Isr. inhabitants of ַן ( ְכּנַעq.v. ) Gn 12:6 ; 24:3 , 37 ;
50:11 (all J ), Nu 21:3 ( J ), Jos 13:3 ( D ), Ju 1:1 , 3 , 9 , 10 , 17 , many of
Müller A. Müller .
Fr S. Frensdorff.
whom continued to live in the midst of Isr., v 27 , 28 , 29 ( ×2 ) , 30 , 32 , 33 Jos
16:10 ( ×2 ) , 17:12 , 13 , 16 , 18 (all JE), 1 K 9:16 ; pl. only Ob 20 , and ֵיישׁב
ְ
הָאָרֶץ ַה ְכּנַ ֲענִיםNe 9:24 ; ִשׁפְּחוֹת הַךּ׳ְ מGn 10:18 , גְּבוּל הַךּ׳v 19 (both J ),
ֶארֶץ הַךּ׳Ex 13:11 (JE), Ez 16:3 ; often of part of the inhabit., ישׁבֵי ְ הַךּ׳ וְכָל
הָאָרֶץJos 7:9 (JE), Dt 11:30 ; with other n.pr. gent. , + ַה ְפּ ִרזִּיGn 13:7 ; 34:30
(both J ), Ju 1:4 , 5 , + ִי ָהאֱמֹרDt 1:7 Jos 5:1 ; 13:4 (all D ); + ַה ִחוִּי2 S 24:7 ;
+ )ק(י ִ ֲע ָמ ֵלNu 14:25 , 43 , 45 ; especially in the list of peoples dispossessed by Isr.,
Gn 15:21 Ex 3:8 , 17 ; 13:5 ; 23:23 , 28 ; 33:2 ; 34:11 Nu 13:29 ( ַךּ׳ הdwelling
by the sea and along Jordan [ cf. Dt 1:7 ; 11:30 Jos 5:1 ; 11:3 ; 13:4 ]; all these
JE), Dt 7:1 ; 20:17 Jos 3:10 ; 9:1 ; 11:3 ; 12:8 ; 24:11 (all JED), Ju 3:3 , 5 ;
hence Ezr 9:1 Ne 9:8 . Cf. Dr Dt. p. 11, 13 f., 97, 133.
כנףS 3670
TWOT 1003
GK 4052
√ of foll. ( meaning dub. ; Arabic fence in, enclose ,
and Aramaic כּנַף
ְ collect, assemble , are denom. )
ָכּנָף S 3671
TWOT 1003a
GK 4053
109 n. f. 1 K 6:27 ( m. Ez 7:2 Kt , but cf. Qr
and Co ; also appar. 2 Ch 3:11 , 13 , but v. Be ), wing, extremity ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ָֿא ַכּנְפ, ; Zinj. אחז בכנף מראה, fig. for attached himself to the party of
his lord , Panammu Inser. l. 11 , cf. Zc 8:23 ( 2 a infr. ); DHM Sendsch. 58 ; Arabic ,
Assyrian kappu , Ethiopic ) ;— abs. ך׳Gn 1:21 + ; cstr. כּנַף ְ 1 K 6:24 + ; sf.
ְכּנָפִי ָ ֑ ְכּנָ ֶפRu 3:9 , ְכּנָפוֹHg 2:12 ; du. ְכּנָ ַפיִם1 K 8:7 + (even of more
Ez 16:8 , ך
than two, Is 6:2 ( ×2 )
Ez 1:6 , 21 ); cstr. ַכּנְפֵי ְכּנָפֶי ָךEz 5:3 , ְכּנָ ַפיְִך
Ex 19:4 ; sf.
Je 2:34 , ָיו
ְכּנָפIs 8:8 + ; ְכּנָפֶי ָהHo 4:19 Mal 3:20 ; ֶם
ַכּנְפֵיה1 K 6:27 + ; ַכּנְפֵיהֶן
Marti K. Marti.
Ez 1:24 , 25 ; pl. cstr. כּנְפוֹתַ Dt 22:12 + 4 times;— 1. wing , † a. of birds Is
10:14 (in fig. ), Ex 19:4 ( E ? R ? fig. ) Dt 32:11 (in sim. ), Zc 5:9 Lv 1:17 ( P
), Jb 39:13 , 26 ψ 68:14 ; in fig. of invading king Je 48:40 ; 49:22 Ez 17:3 , 7 ;
so appar. Is 8:8 of invader as overflowing river (but Du Che separate ֻטּוֹת וְ ָהיָה מ
ְכּנָפָיוfrom preceding); of riches, as flying away Pr 23:5 ; in phr. = צִפּוֹר ָכּנָף
winged birds Dt 4:17 ψ 148:10 , ָל־ך׳ (עֵיט)צִפּוֹר כּEz 39:4 , 17 , כֹּל צִפּוֹר
כָּל־ך׳Gn 7:14 ( P ), Ez 17:23 , עוֹף ך׳Gn 1:21 ( P ), ψ 78:27 ; also ַבּעַל ך׳Pr
1:17 = winged thing , cf. פיִם ַ ָ ַבּעַל־א֯ה ְכּנEc 10:20 . † b. of insects (prob.), ֶארֶץ
ִצ ְלצַל ְכּנָ ָ ֑פיִםIs 18:1 buzzing , or humming of wings , i.e. Ethiopia, so called from its
swarms of flies, with especial ref. poss. to the tsetse-fly (so Du , cf. Che ; id. , in
gen., Hi De ; > Kn Di of the tropical shadow falling both ways; Thes 1167 b of
noise of the wings of an army; ref. to sails as wings— cf. v 2 —would be suitable,
but ַל ִצ ְלצdoes not favour this). c. of cherubim 1 K 6:24 ( ×4 ) + 8 times K , cf. 2 Ch
3:11 ( ×4 ) + 6 times Ch, Ez 1:6 + 17 times Ez, Ex 25:20 ( ×2 ) 39:9 ( ×2 ) (all P ). †
d. of seraphim Is 6:2 ( ×2 ) † e. of women in Zec.’s vision Zc 5:9 ( ×2 ) . † f. fig. of
the wind, Ho 4:19 ψ 18:11 = 2 S 22:11 , ψ 104:3 . † g. fig. of the dawn
(winged sun-disc?) ψ 139:9 , cf. of sun of righteousness Mal 3:20 . † h. fig. of י׳
, as protector of his people ψ 17:8 ; 36:8 ; 57:2 ; 61:5 ; 63:5 ; 91:4 Ru 2:12 . † 2.
extremity .— a. of garment, = skirt, corner , or loose flowing end, 1 S 15:27 ; 24:5 ,
6 , 12 ( ×2 ) Dt 22:12 ; 23:1 ; 27:20 Je 2:34 ( fig. ), Ez 5:3 ; 16:8 (in fig. ), Hg
2:12 ( ×2 ) Zc 8:23 Nu 15:38 ( ×2 ) ( P ; cf. RS Sem i. 416, 2nd ed. 437 ) Ru 3:9 . b. of the
earth, ֶץ ִמ ְכּנַף הָאָרIs 24:16 from the end of the earth; elsewhere pl. ַכּנְפוֹת הָא׳Jb
37:3 ; 38:13 , and, def. הא׳ אַ ְרבַּע ך׳Is 11:12 the four corners of the earth; so of
the holy land Ez 7:2 .— ֵם עַל־ ְכּנַף ִשׁקּוּצִים מְשׁוֹמDn 9:27 is obscure; Meinh.
reads, after Vrss ., כּנָף ָ , on the corner (of the altar) is a devastating abomination; <
Kue Onderzoek 2, ii. 472
Bev , who read ַנּוֹ עַל־כּin its place, instead of it .
† [ ַף
ָכּנS 3670
TWOT 1003
GK 4052
] vb. denom. from כּנָף
ָ 2. only Niph. be
cornered , thrust into a corner, or aside ;— Impf. 3 ms. ך ָ ֔ וְלֹא יִָכּנֵף עוֹד מוֹרֶיIs
30:20 and no more shall thy teachers be thrust into a corner ( cf. Di ); > others,
who render hide themselves , ( cf. Arabic enclose, guard , but this rather for
protection).
כנרTWOT 1004
( poss. √ of foll.; meaning unknown ) .
† כִּנּוֹר S 3658
TWOT 1004a
GK 4036
n. m. ψ 81:3 lyre ( on formation cf. Lag
BN 89, Anm.
; NH id. ; Aramaic ָא
ִכּנָּר, ; Mand. )כינאר(א Nö M § 104
(who
questions Shemitic origin); Arabic ; as loan-word in Hellen. Gk. κινύρα ( and
Joseph ); in Egyptian kn-an-aul according to Bondi 79
) — abs. ך׳Gn 4:21 + ; sf.
כִּנֹּרִיJb 30:31 ; pl. ִנֹּרוֹת כּ1 K 10:12 + ; sf. כִּנּוֹ ַריְִךEz 26:13 , כִּנֹּרוֹתֵינוּψ
137:2 ;— lyre , stringed instrument used for popular as well as sacred music ( cf.
Benz Arch. 273 ff. Now Arch. i. 273 ff. );— וְעוּגָב ך׳Gn 4:21 , ְך׳
בְּתֹף וּב31:27 ; אִישׁ
יֹ ֵד ַע ְמנַגֵּן בַּךּ׳1 S 16:26 a man skilled in playing on the lyre , cf. v 23 ( וִנִגֵּן
;) ְבּיָדוֹat banquets Is 5:12 ( + נֶבֶל, תֹּף, ) ָחלִיל, token of merriment 24:8 ( +
) ֻתּפִּים, Ez 26:13 , cf. וַיְהִי ְל ֵאבֶל כִּנֹּ ִר֑י וְ ֻעגָבִי לְקוֹל בֹּכִיםJb 30:31 , ִשׂאוּ
ְי
ִשׂמְחוּ לְקוֹל עוּגָב ְ כְתֹף וְך׳ וְיJb 21:12 ; carried by a loose woman Is 23:16 ( fig.
of Tyre); in sim. Is 16:11 (of murmuring sound of bowels = heart, in pity); used
also in praising י׳, usually as accompainment of song ( cf. 1 Ch 15:16 ) ֶל וְתֹף
נֵב
וְ ָחלִיל וְך׳1 S 10:5 ; Is 30:32 ( || ;) ֻתּפִּיםespecially before the ark 2 S 6:5 ( +
נְ ָבלִים, ֻתּפִּים, etc.) || 1 Ch 13:8 , and in sanctuary (usually + נֵבֶל, etc.) 1 K 10:12 ,
but especially Chr ψψ :— 1 Ch 13:8 ( pl. , and so chiefly in Chr), 15:16 , 21 , 28 ;
16:5 ; 25:1 , 3 , 6 2 Ch 5:12 ; 9:11 ; 20:28 ; 29:25 Ne 12:27 ; ψ 33:2 ( sg. , and
so chiefly in ψψ ), 43:4 ; 49:5 ; 57:9 ; 71:22 ; 81:3 ; 92:4 ; 98:5 ( ×2 ) ; 108:3 ;
147:7 ; 149:3 ; 150:3 ; cf. ֵינוּ כִּנֹּרוֹתψ 137:2 .— Vbs. used with ך׳are:— ָתּפַשׂ
Gn 4:21 , בּ
ְ נִגֵּן1 S 16:16 , ְשׂחֵק ְבּ
ַ מ2 S 6:5 = 1 Ch 13:8 , מְשֹׁ ֲררִים בּ1 Ch
15:16 , בּ
ְ ַשׁמִיעִים
ְ מv 28 , נִבָּא ְבּ25:1 , 3 , הוֹדָה ְבּψ 33:2 ; 42:4 , זמּר ְבּψ
71:22 ; 98:5 ; 147:7 ; 149:3 , בּ ְ ַהלֲלוּהוּ150:3 .—On ancient lyres v. reff. ap. Dr
Amos, p. 236 f.
† ִכּנֶּ֫רֶת S 3672
GK 4055
, ֲֿרוֹת
כִּֽנn.pr.loc. in Galilee (Naphtali), ִכּנֶּרֶתDt 3:17
ִכּנָּ֑רJos 19:35 ; ( כִּֽנֲֿרוֹתso Baer; כִּֽנְרוֹתNorzi) Jos 11:2
Jos 13:27 Nu 34:11 ; ֶת
; 12:3 1 K 15:20 ;— 1. a city Jos 19:35 ( P ; B Κενερεθ , A Χενεροθ ,
L Χενερεθ , as always except Jos 13:27 ), so prob. 11:2 ( D ?; B Κενερωθ , A
Χενερεθθι ), Dt 3:17 ( B Μαχαναρεθ ;— Μαχ- = ִךּ׳ ) מ. 2. יָם־ ִכּנֶּרֶת, lake near the
city, Nu 34:11 ( P ; B Χεναρα , A Χενερεθ ), Jos 13:27 ( P ; B
Χενερεθ ; A L Χενερωθ ), ִֽנֲֿרוֹת
כּ יָם Jos 12:3 ( D ; B Χενερεθ ; A
Χεννερεθ ); ִֽנֲֿרוֹת
כָּל־כּ1 K 15:20 = all the territory about the city and lake, cf.
πα̂σαν τὴν γη̂ν Χενερεθ L ,— has ַר
גִּינֵס, ְגּנֵיסַר, גִּנֹּסַר, cf. τὸ ὕδωρ του̂
Γεννησαρ 1 Makk. 11:67; Γεννησαρετ Mk 6:53 Mt 14:34 Lu 5:1 ; etymol.
connexion with ֶת ִכּנֶּרdisputed by GASm Geogr. 443 n. Buhl Geogr. 113 n. —On the lake
† [ ָת
ְכּנS 3674 , 3675
TWOT 1005 , 2793
GK 4056
] n. [of men, but f. in form, Ges §
122, 4. b
] associate, colleague ( loan- wd. from Biblical Aramaic כּנָת
ְ ; Syriac , cf.
also Schwally Idiot. 46 ; on format. v. Lag BN 82
) ;—only Aramaic pl. ְ֯שׁאָר ְכּנָוֹתָו
Ezr 4:7 the rest of his associates .
† ֶ ֫כּסֶא S 3677
TWOT 1006
GK 4057
ֶ ֫כּסψ 81:4 n. [ m. ] full moon (
Pr 7:20 , ֶה
Symm . i. 93
cf. Aramaic ; orig. dubious, cf. Lag ; perhaps Assyrian loan-word; cf.
Assyrian kuŝeu , headdress or cap , = agû , id. , and also full moon (as tiara of
moon-god?), Dl HWB , sub kusêu, kubšu, agû; yet v. Brock ) — ַךּ׳ לְיוֹם הPr 7:20 ;
as a feast-day, ַךּ׳
בּψ 81:4 ( opp. בַּחֹדֶשׁ, at the new moon ).
Note .— ִי
) ֵאלֶי ָך ( ִכ ִסּתψ 143:9 is error for ָחסִיתִיaccording to κατέφυγον SS ,
but חסהnot cstr. wi. ִחכִּיתִי ; אֶל־ Bae ; ְהוֹם
אֶת־תּ
ֶה ֱא ַב ְלתִּי ִכּ ֵסּתִי ָעלָיוEz 31:15
according to Co I caused the deep to mourn for them ( del. ) כסתי. Pual. Pf. 3 mpl.
כָּסּוּψ 80:11 Pr 24:31 ; Impf. יְֻכסֶּהEc 6:4 ; pl. וַיְכֻסּוּGn 7:19 , 20 ; Pt. pl.
ְמ ֻכסִּים1 Ch 21:16 ; fpl. ְמכֻסּוֹתEz 41:16 . 1. sq. accus. be covered , hills with shadow
ψ 80:11 ; mountains with water Gn 7:19 , 20 ( P ); field with nettles Pr 24:31 ; abs. ,
windows of temple Ez 41:16 . 2. sq. בּ
ְ , be clothed , with sackcloth 1 Ch 21:16 ; name
with darkness Ec 6:4 .
Hithp. Impf. וַיִּ ְתכַּסIs 37:1 = 2 K 19:1 ; 3 fs. ִתּ ַכּסֶּה Pr 26:26 ; כּ֑ס
ָ וַ ִתּ ְתGn
24:65 ; pl. יִ ְתכַּסּוּIs 59:6 Jon 3:8 ; Pt. ִמ ְת ַכּסֶּת 1 K 11:29 ; pl. ִמ ְת ַכּסִּיםIs 37:2 =
2 K 19:2 ;— cover, clothe oneself , abs. (of veil) Gn 24:65 ( J ); with בּ
ְ , of new
garment 1 K 11:29 ; sackcloth 2 K 19:1 , 2 = Is 37:1 , 2 ; fig. of works Is 59:6 , of
hatred with guile Pr 26:26 ; with acc. Jon 3:8 ( ִים) ַשׂקּ.
† [ ָסוּי
כּS 3681 TWOT 1008a GK 4062 ] n. [ m. ] covering , only cstr. כְּסוּי עוֹר
covering of skins Nu 4:6 , 14 ( P ).
† כְּסוּת S 3682
TWOT 1008b
GK 4064
n. f. covering — ך׳Gn 20:16 + 3 times;
sf. כְּסוּ ְת ָך Dt 22:12 + 3 times sfs. ;— 1. covering, clothing Ex 21:10 ; 22:26
(Covt. code), Dt 22:12 Jb 24:7 ; 31:19 ; of שׂק ַ as clothing of heavens Is 50:3 in
fig. 2. covering for concealment, of Abaddon, the subterranean abode of the dead Jb
26:6 ; ֵינַיִם
ך׳ ע, covering of the eyes Gn 20:16 (so that they cannot see the wrong,
fig. of a present offered in compensation for it; E ).
II. √ ( כסהof foll.; prob. bind; cf. Assyrian kasû , take captive , Pi. . fetter , kasîtu,
kisittu , a fetter; Zehnpfund BAS i, 536
Dl Baer’s Ezech. xii, HWB 342
).
ֶ ֫כּסS
† [ ֶת 3704
TWOT 1009a
GK 4086
] n. f. band, fillet ( = charm or amulet
according to Ephr. Syriac, φυλακτήρια according to ὁ ῾Εβραι̂ος of Hexapl., cf. RS
JPh. xiii, 286
; in NH כסתusually = cushion, bolster, pillow ), only pl. ְרוֹת
ְמ ַתפּ
ְכּסָתוֹת עַל־ Ez 13:18 women sewing bands upon elbows; c. sf. 2 fpl. כ֫נָה
ֶ ִכּסְתוֹתֵי
v 20 .
ֶכּסֶה v. ֶכּסֶא.
ִכּסֵּה S 3678
TWOT 1007
GK 4061
v. ִכּסֵּא.
כָּסוּי S 3681
TWOT 1008a
GK 4062
, ְסוּת
כּS 3682
TWOT 1008b
GK 4064
v. sub I.
כסה.
†[ ָכּסַחS 3683
TWOT 1010
GK 4065
] vb. cut off or away , a plant ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ַח
ְכּס, (for Heb. ;) זָמַרArabic sweep off, away, destroy, do away with; cf.
Sab. כסחoverpower, conquer , Hom ZMG 1892, 532 ) —only Qal Pt. pass. , fs. ָה כְּסוּח
ψ 80:17 , cut away , of Isr. under fig. of vine; mpl. ְסוּחים קוֹצִים כּIs 33:12 thorns cut
away , fig. of peoples destroyed by divine judgment.
Zehnpfund R. Zehnpfund.
†[ ָכּסַל S 3688 TWOT 1011 GK 4071 ] vb. be or become stupid ( NH Aramaic in
deriv.; Arabic be sluggish , so N Syriac in deriv.; orig. meaning possibly thick, plump,
fat; hence in good sense: ִים ְכּ ָסל, loins , ֶכּסֶל, ִכּ ְסלָהconfidence; in bad sense: ֶכּסֶל,
ִכּ ְסלָה, ְכּסִילוּתstupidity, folly , ְכּסִילstupid fellow ) — Qal Impf. יְִכ ָס֑לוּthey become
stupid Je 10:8 ( || ֲרוּ יִ ְבעthey become brutish ).
† ֶ ֫כּסֶל S 3689
TWOT 1011a
GK 4072 , 4073
n. m. 1. loins , 2. stupidity , 3.
† ְכּסִילוּת S 3687
TWOT 1011d
GK 4070
n. f. stupidity ;— Pr 9:13 ֵשׁת ך׳
ֶ א, the
woman Stupidity , in antithesis with כמוֹת
ְ ָחthe Supreme Wisdom personified as a
woman.
† ִכּסְלוֹן S 3692
GK 4077
n.pr. m. a prince of Benjamin Nu 34:21 .
†[ ָכּסַםS 3697
TWOT 1013
GK 4080
] vb. shear, clip ( Assyrian kasâmu , cut in
pieces , according to Dl HWB 344
) ;—only Qal כָּסוֹם יְִכסְמוּ
Impf. and Inf. abs.
ָאשׁיהֶם
ֵ אֶת־רEz 44:20 they shall be all means clip their heads ( opp. לּ֔חוּ
ֵ יְַגshave and
ְשׁ ֵלּ֑חוּ
ַ י, i.e. let grow freely ).
כוּ ְסמִין, cf. S כונתא, ; cf. Löw p. 104 ff. Di Ex 9:23 Now Arch. i, 111 ) ;—
abs. ך׳Ex 9:32 Is 28:25 pl. ִים
ֻכּ ְסּמEz 4:9 (in all disting. from wheat, barley,
etc.)
† [ ֵם
ִכּ ְרסS 3765
TWOT 1013b
GK 4155
] vb. quadril. = Pi. , tear off ( cf. ִק ְרסֵם
NH cut or eat away , Dt 28:38 J
for ַל
; ָחסon form v. Ges § 56
) ;—only
†[ ָכּסַס S 3699 TWOT 1014 GK 4082 ] vb. compute ( perhaps orig. divide up, make
small, fine; NH chew; Aramaic break small (rare), usually (Aph. etc.) correct, convict;
Arabic pulverize; Assyrian kasâsu , perhaps cut in two , or up , whence kissatu , fodder )
—only Qal Impf. 2 mpl. ַשּׂה ֶ ְלפִי אָכְלוֹ תָּכֹסּוּ עַל־ה אִישׁ Ex 12:4 ( P ) each one
according to his eating shall ye compute for the lamb .
† ֶ ֫מכֶס S 4371
TWOT 1014a
GK 4830
n. m. computation, proportion to be paid
†[ ָכּסַף S 3700 TWOT 1015 GK 4083 ] vb. long (for) ( Arabic be colourless,
obscure, be eclipsed (of sun or moon); also be depressed in appearance BA ES 61 ; mod.
Arabic disappoint; refl. conjj. be disappointed, ashamed , v. Spiro Vocab. ; NH כסף
Hiph. shew pallor, be pale, white; Qal be ashamed, long for , cf. Aramaic ַף
— ) ְכּסQal
Impf. 2 ms. ֲשׂה ֑ יָדֶי ָך ִתּכJb 14:15 for the work of thy hands thou wouldest
ֵ ְסֹף ְל ַמע
long; 3 ms. ְרֹ֑ף כְּאַ ְריֵה יִכְסוֹף ִלטψ 17:12 like a lion that longeth to rend . Niph. Pf.
2 ms. + Inf. abs. ך ָ נִכְסֹף נִ ְכ ַס ְפתָּה ְלבֵית אָבִיGn 31:30 thou didst long sorely for
thy father’s house; Pf. 3 fs. ְרוֹת י׳ ְשׁי ְל ַחצ
ִ נִ ְכ ְספָה … נַפψ 84:4 my soul longeth … for
the courts of ; י׳Pf. 3 ms. ס֑ף ָ הַגּוֹי לֹא נִכְלZp 2:1 very dub. ; but perhaps ( Ges Ew
Hi Ke al. ), O nation not turning pale , = not ashamed , cf. etym. supr. ; We
thinks whole v. corrupt.
ֶ ֫כּסֶף S 3701
TWOT 1015a
GK 4084
402 n. m. Gn 23:9 silver, money ( NH id. ;
Reckendorf S. Reckendorf.
the pale metal Thes al. , cf. RS JPh. xiv, 125
) — ך׳ ָ ֑כּסEx
abs. Gn 20:16 + , ֶף
21:11 + ; cstr. 43:21 + ; sf. ַכּ ְספִּיGn 42:28 + 3 times, ַכּ ְס ְפּ ָך1 K 20:3 + 2
ָ ֑ ַכּ ְס ֶפּGn 17:13
times, ך Is 30:22 , ךְ ַכּ ְס ֵפּIs 1:22 , ַכּ ְספֵּנוּGn 31:15 + 2 times, ַכּ ְספָּם
Ho 8:4 + 6 times; pl. sf. ֶם ַכּ ְספֵּיהGn 42:25 , 35 ;— silver , † 1. = silver ore,
raw silver (rare and mostly late) Jb 28:1 , also (in fig. ) Ez 22:20 , 22 Zc 13:9 Pr
2:4 ; 17:3 ; 27:21 Mal 3:3 ( ×2 ) ψ 12:7 ; 66:10 Is 48:10 ; ִךּ׳ הָגוֹ סִיגים מPr 25:4
remove dross from silver , cf. ך׳ סִיגִים26:23 and ִסגִים ך׳Ez 22:18 ( MT ;
; ך׳ ס׳Co del. in view of v 20 ); ך׳ נִמְאָםJe 6:30 ( cf. v 29 ), ַכּ ְס ֵפּ ְך ָחיָה
ְלסִיגִיםIs 1:22 . † 2. silver as bright, shining, fig. of dove’s wings ַכּנְפֵי יוֹנָה
נֶ ְחפָּה ַב ֶ ֑כּסֶףψ 68:14 . 3. silver, as wealth, Gn 13:2 ( J ) + often ( c. 54 times in all;
frequently with gold, etc., v. ְלֹא ;) זהב בֵיתוֹ ך׳ וזהב מNu 22:18 ; 24:13 ; fig. of
a slave as valuable, ְפּוֹ הוּא ַכסEx 21:21 (all JE); silver as less valuable than gold 1
K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20 ; cf. also 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15 ; 9:27 ; ָר ך׳ נִ ְבחchoice
silver , Pr 8:19 ; 10:20 . 4. silver as spoil of war ( c. זהב, q.v. ) Ju 5:19 2 S 8:11
= 1 Ch 18:11 + 11 times † 5. silver as merchandise Ez 27:12 Pr 3:14 ( ַר־ך׳ ְסח
), Zp 1:12 ; cf. also 1 K 10:22 = 2 Ch 9:21 . 6. silver as costly gift ( c. זהב, q.v.
) 1 K 15:18 , 19 = 2 Ch 16:2 , 3 , 2 K 16:8 ; 18:15 2 Ch 9:14 ; 17:11 ; 21:3 Is
60:9 Dn 11:38 (other instances under 8 ). 7. silver as material ( c. 117 times in all;
often c. זהב, q.v. ), of cup Gn 44:2 cf. v 8 ( J ), trumpets Nu 10:2 ( P ),
ְכּלֵי־ך׳ Gn 24:53 ( J ) + ; of idols Ex 20:23 Is 2:20 Dt 29:16 Ez 16:17 ψ 115:4 ;
135:15 + 4 times, cf. Dt 7:25 Je 10:4 Hb 2:19 ; especially of fittings of tabern.
Ex 26 , 27 , 36 , 38 (19 times), and those offered by chiefs of people Nu 7 (28
times), etc. 8. silver as measure of weight and value ( c. 184 times):— † a.
shekels:— ִים לשׁים ְשׁ ָקל
ִ ך׳ ְשׁEx 21:32 (JE), cf. 2 S 24:24 Lv 5:15 Nu 18:16
(both P ), Ne 5:15 ; also (diff. order) ך׳ ִשּׁה שׁקלים ָ ֲחמLv 27:6 ( ×2 ) ( P ), cf. Jos
7:21 (JE), 2 K 15:20 , and ֶל ך׳ אַ ְרבַּע מֵאֹת ֶשׁקGn 23:15 , 16 , cf. Lv 27:3 , 16
(all P ), 1 S 9:8 ; once ַךּ׳
ֲשׂרָה ה
ָ ִשׁ ְבעָה ְשׁ ָקלִים וַעJe 32:9 . b. more often om. שׁקל
Gn 20:16 ; 45:22 ( E ), 37:28 ( J ), Ho 3:2 Ct 8:11 + 17 times † c. talents:—
ִכּכַּר ( ַה)ךּ׳Ex 38:27 ( P ), cf. 1 K 20:39 2 K 5:22 ; 15:19 ; 18:14 ; 23:33 = 2
Ch 36:3 , 1 Ch 19:6 2 Ch 25:6 ; 27:5 Est 3:9 ; ֵי־ך׳
ִכּ ְכּר ֶשׂר
ֶע 2 K 5:5 ; ך׳ ִכּ ְכּ ַריִם
1 K 16:24 2 K 5:23 ; ככרים ך׳ אלף אלפים 1 Ch 22:14 cf. 29:7 Ezr 8:26 . †
d. minas:— ִים
ֵשׁת ֲא ָלפ
ֶ ך׳ ָמנִים ֲחמEzr 2:69 cf. Ne 7:70 , 71 . e. more often =
money , measure of value and exchange ( c. 112 times; not necess. coined ) Gn
31:15 42:25 , 27 ( E ), 43:12 ( ×2 ) , 15 , 18 ( J ), Gn 23:13 Lv 27:18 Nu 3:48 (
P ), Ju 16:18 1 K 21:2 2 K 12:5 etc.; so ψ 68:31 Che , but see De Grill Bae ,
and Che crit. n. ; קנַת ך׳
ְ ִמone bought for money Gn 17:12 , 13 , 23 , 27 Ex 12:44
(all P ); קנָתוֹ
ְ ִמ ך׳ Lv 25 ; 51 ( H ) money for which he was bought; ֵא
ָמל ך׳full
price Gn 23:9 ( P ) 1 Ch 21:22 , 24 ; ָלוֹ
ִשׁק
ְ ְבּמ ַכּ ְס ֵפּנוּGn 43:21 i.e. our money in
full; ָרוֹ ך׳ ִמ ְמכּLv 25:50 the price of his sale; אָשׁם ָ ך׳2 K 12:17 trespass-money ,
ך׳ ַחטָּאוֹתv 17 sin-money , ך׳ ַה ִכּ ֻפּרִיםEx 30:16 atonement-money , ך׳ ַה ִפּדְיוֹן
Nu 3:49 redemption-money (both P ); ך ָ ך׳ ֶע ְר ְכּLv 27:15 , 19 i.e. estimated value,
etc. 9. among vbs. and phr. with ך׳are:— צרףtry, refine , Zc 13:9 Is 48:10 Mal
3:3a ψ 12:7 ; 66:10 ; ַק זִקּMal 3:3b , ( cf. הִתּוּ ְךEz 22:22 , √ נתך, see v 20 , 21
); יפּהbeautify בך׳Je 10:4 ; ָפוּשׂ ך׳ תּHb 2:19 encased with gold and silver; ָשׁקַל
את־הַךּ׳ ְלweigh out the silver to or for a person Je 32:9 Gn 23:16 ( P ) Ezr 8:25 ,
without ל ְ Je 32:10 , cf. Ex 22:16 ( E ), 1 K 20:39 ; שׁקל ך׳ ב׳Is 55:2 = spend
money for; ָהּ ִשּׁקֵל ך׳ ְמחִירָ לֹא יJb 28:15 ; ֶת־שׂ ָברִי שׁלשׁים ך׳ ְ ִשׁקְלוּ א ְ וַיּZc
11:12 ; קּנֶה ישׁקלו ָ ך׳ ַבּIs 46:6 , of weighing material for idol; ָמכַר בך׳sell for
money Am 2:6 Gn 37:28 ( J ), Dt 21:14 ; ַן בך׳ נָתDt 2:28b 1 K 21:6 , 15 Gn
23:9 ( P ), 1 Ch 21:22 ; also, of food, ִיר ב׳ ִשׁבּ
ְ הDt 2:28a ; נתן ך׳ השׂדהGn 23:13
( P ) pay the price of the field; ְך׳ ָקנָה בbuy something for money Am 8:6 Je 32:25
, 44 Is 43:24 1 Ch 21:24 , cf. קנְיַן ך׳ ִ ָקנָה נֶפֶשׁLv 22:11 ( H ); שׁבר בך׳Dt
2:6a Is 55:1 ; כרה בך׳Dt 2:6b ; peculiar is its use with פּדָה ָ , redeem ( q.v. ) in Nu
18:16 ; לקח ך׳receive money 2 K 5:26 ; 12:8 , 9 ; לוָה ך׳ ָ Ne 5:4 borrow money;
ִה ְלוָהEx 22:24 (JE) lend money to ( c. 2 acc. ); ֶשׁ ְך ֶ נתן ך׳ ְבּנgive money on usury
Lv 25:37 ( H ), ψ 15:5 ; cf. ך ְ ַשּׁי
ִ לְאָחִי ָך נֶ ֶשׁ ְך ך׳ לֹא תDt 23:20 .
ֶכּסֶת S 3704
TWOT 1009a
GK 4086
v. sub II. כסה.
† ָכּעַסS 3707
TWOT 1016
GK 4087
vb. be vexed, angry ( NH ָכּעַס, Aramaic
( ְכּעַסnot Syriac) ) ;— Qal Pf. ך׳ψ 112:10 Ec 5:16 ; Impf. וַיְִּכ ַעסNe 3:33 2 Ch
16:10 ; 1 s. ַס ֶא ְכעEz 16:42 ; Inf. ִלכְעוֹסEc 7:9 .— 1. be vexed, indignant ψ 112:10
Ne 3:33 Ec 5:16 . 2. be angry Ez 16:42 Ec 7:9 , c. ֶל אpers. 2 Ch 16:10 . Piel. Pf. 3
fs. sf. ָה ִכּ ֲע ַסתּ1 S 1:6 ; 3 mpl. sf. ִכּעֲסוּנִיDt 32:21 angered ( ) ְבּ ַה ְבלֵיהֶם.
Esdr Esarhaddon.
Hiph. Pf. ִה ְכעִיס Ho 12:15 1 K 15:30 ; sf. ִה ְכעִיסוֹ 2 K 23:26 + 4 times Pf. ;
֯ ַה ְכ ִעס
ֵונִי Je 25:7 ; (scribal error for ִיסוּני
ַתּ ְכעaccording to SS ); Impf. וַיְַּכעֵס 1K
22:54 2 Ch 28:25 ; 3 fs. sf. ַתּ ְכעִי ֶסנָּה1 S 1:7 + 6 times Impf. ; Inf. cstr. ַה ְכעִיס
1 K 16:13 + 5 times; sf. ַה ְכ ִע(י) ֵסנִיJe 7:18 + 11 times, + 6 times sfs. ; Pt. pl.
ַמ ְכעִיסִיםJe 7:19 + 4 times— 1. vex , c. acc. pers. 1 S 1:7 Ez 32:9 . 2. vex, provoke
to anger , especially of provoking Yahweh by worship of other gods Ju 2:12 1 K 14:9 ,
15 ; 16:33 ; 22:54 2 K 17:11 ; 23:19 2 Ch 28:25 Ne 3:37 Je 7:18 , 19 ; 11:17 ;
32:29 , 32 ; 44:3 Ez 8:17 ; 16:26 Is 65:3 Ho 12:15 ; c. בּinstr. ֵבֹת בְּתוֹעDt 32:16
; ָל
נָב בְּגוֹי Dt 32:21 1 K 16:13 , 26 ; בחטאתם1 K 16:2 ; )יד(יו )במעשׂ(י Dt 31:29
1 K 16:7 Je 25:6 , 7 ; 32:30 ; 44:8 ; ידיהם) בכל מעשׂ(ה2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25 ;
בבמותψ 78:58 ; בפסיליהםJe 8:19 ; במעלליהםψ 106:29 ; cf. the phrases עשׂה
) הרע(ה) בעיני י׳ להכעיס(וdo the evil in the eyes of Yahweh to provoke (him) to anger
Dt 4:25 ; 9:18 ; 31:29 1 K 16:7 2 K 17:17 ; 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6 ; so מכעסים2 K
21:15 Je 32:30 ; ) אשׁר הכעים כעס(ימ1 K 15:30 ; 21:22 2 K 23:26 .—The phrase is
Intr. 191; Einl. Hex .
characteristic of D Je and the compiler of Kings; see Dr Dt 4:25 Holz
287
.
† ַ ֫כּעַס S 3708
TWOT 1016a
GK 4088
n. m. vexation, anger ;— ך׳Dt 32:27 + 13
† ַ ֫כּעַשׂ S 3708
TWOT 1016a
GK 4089
n. m. (dialectic variation of ַס
ַכּע, only in
Jb);— ך׳Jb 17:7 , ָשׂ ָ ֑כּעJb 5:2 ; sf. ְשׂי
ִ ַכּעJb 6:2 ; ַשׂ ָך
ְ ַכּעJb 10:17 ;— 1. vexation,
grief of men Jb 5:2 ( cf. Pr 12:16 ; 27:3 ), 6:2 ; 17:7 . 2. vexation, anger , of God;
c. ִי
ַשׂ ָך ִע ָמּד
ְ ַכּעJb 10:17 thine anger with me .
כַּף S 3709
TWOT 1022a
GK 4090
v. sub כפף.
Holz H. Holzinger.
† [ ֵף
כּS 3710
TWOT 1017
GK 4091
] n. [ m. ] rock ( Assyrian kaæpu Dl HWB 346
; Aramaic ָא כֵּיפ, ; perhaps Aramaic loan-word in Heb. ; √ dub. ) ;—only pl. ֵכּפִים
Je 4:29 as place of refuge; Jb 30:6 as dwelling-place.
†[ ָכּפָהS 3711
TWOT 1018
GK 4092
] vb. prob. subdue ( NH overturn, hold
under, compel; Aramaic ָא
ְכּפ, id. ; incline (as face to ground), overturn; Assyrian Kipû
perhaps id. , Dl HWB 346
; cf. Arabic overturn, turn back ) ;—only Qal Impf. ַמתָּן
֑ ַבּ ֵסּתֶר יְִכפּ
ֶה־אָף Pr 21:14 a gift in secret subdueth anger (so Thes RobGes ; Ew
beugt: Fl De averteth , from the Arabic, is more remote; ἀνατρέπει , cf. NH ).
ִכּפָּה S 3712
TWOT 1022b
GK 4093
v. sub כפף.
† ָכּפַלS 3717
TWOT 1019
GK 4100
vb. double, doube over (late) ( NH id. ;
Aramaic ַל ; ְכּפ כִּי ְפלָא, כּוּ ְפלָה, Nab. כפלEut Nab . No. 20, 7 the double; Christ.-
Pal.-Aram. , Schwally Idiot. 46 ; NSyr. id. ; Arabic the double , posteriors, buttocks;
Ethiopic is divide , a part ) — Qal Pf. 2 ms. תּ ֫ ָ וְָכ ַפ ְלEx 26:9 and thou shalt double
over the sixth curtain, i.e. prob. use it double ( Di ); Pt. pass. כָּפוּלfolded double , of
the breast-piece ( חֹשׁן
ֶ ) Ex 28:16 ; 39:9 ( ×2 )
. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. ֵל וְ ִת ָכּפEz 21:19
and let the sword be doubled , but very dub. ; Co reads plausibly ֵל
ְשׁכּ
ַ תּlet the sword
bereave ( cf. VB ).
† ֶ ֫כּפֶל S 3718
TWOT 1019a
GK 4101
n. [ m. ] the double :— ך׳cstr. : ְך׳
בּ ִרסְנוֹ
Jb 41:5 within the double of his jaw (i.e. his double jaws) who can come? elsewhere
du. ליִם
ַ ( ִכּ ְפcf. Arabic ), ְתוּשׁיָּה
ִ ל11:6 double in sound wisdom (beyond what Job
imagines), of retribution Is 40:2 .
† ָן
ָכּפS 3720 TWOT 1020a GK 4103 n. [ m. ] hunger, famine (Aramaism; on
form cf. Lag BN 144 ), Jb 5:22 ; 30:3 .
כפסTWOT 1021
( perhaps √ of foll.; cf. ְכּפַס Est 1:6 bind, fasten (so Levy ,
Jastrow ) ) .
† ָכּפִיס S 3714
TWOT 1021a
GK 4096
n. m. appar. ( si vera l. ) term. techn. for
some beam in a house, perhaps rafter , or girder ( NH id. , Levy , Jastrow , but
according to Hoffm ZAW ii. 1881, 71 it is changed from oblong block of wood (O. T.) to
a building-stone , or brick in Mish. ) ;—only Hb 2:11 for a stone out of the wall
crieth out , ענֶנָּה
ֲֵַמעֵץ י וְך׳and a rafter out of the timber-work answereth it .
† ָכּפַף S 3721 TWOT 1022 GK 4104 vb. bend, bend down, be bent, bowed ( NH
bend, overturn , Assyrian kapâpu , bend, bow , Dl HWB 347 ; Arabic fell a seam, also turn
back, avert , selvage , circuit, rim; Aramaic ַף
ְכּפ, bend, curve; Palm. כפתאniche ,
from כפףcurve according to Vog ) ;— Qal Pf. ְשׁי
ִ ך׳ נַפψ 57:7 my soul is
No. 70, p. 50
bowed down; Inf. cstr. ( trans. ) ְאַגְמֹן רֹאשׁוֹ לָכֹף כּIs 58:5 to bend down, like a
rush, his head . Pt. pass. ִים
( ַה)כְּפוּפthose bowed down , in distress, humiliation, etc.,
ψ 145:14 ; 146:8 . Niph. Impf. 1 s. ֵי
מָרוֹם ִאכַּף לֵאלֹהMi 6:6 with what shall I bow
myself (in worship) toward the high God?
כַּף S 3709
TWOT 1022a
GK 4090
192 n. f. 1 K 8:54 hollow , or flat of the hand,
palm, sole of foot, pan ( NH id. ; Aramaic id. , ; Assyrian kappu , hand, pan ,
kippatu , hollow; Arabic palm, hand ) — abs. ך׳ Jb 29:9 + , so read prob. also Ez
29:7b for MT S Sm Co , cf. v a); ָ ֑כּף2 K 11:12 + ; more often
( ָכּתֵף
cstr. ַף
כּGn 40:11 + ; sf. ַכּפִּיJu 12:3 , ַכּ ְפּ ָךJb 13:21 , etc.; in Ez 29:7 read כַּף
Qr for כפךKt (so Ew Hi Sm Co Da ); du. פּיִם ַ ַכּIs 49:16 + ; cstr. ַכּפֵּיEx
29:24 ( ×2 ) + 3 times; sf. ַי
ַכּפּGn 20:5 + , ַכּפָּיוNu 24:10 + , ַכּפֵּיהֶםIs 59:6 + 2
times, ֵימוֹ ַכּפּJb 27:23 , etc.; pl. ( כַּפּוֹתespecially of soles , and in metaph. senses)
abs. Nu 4:7 + ; cstr. 2 K 9:35 + , sf. כַּפֹתָיו Ex 25:29 ; 37:16 ;— 1. a. of
human beings, hollow or flat of hand, palm , ( c. 116 times) 2 K 4:34 ( ×2 )
; נָתַן אֵת
הַכּום עַל־כַּף פ׳Gn 40:11 , 21 ( E ), set the cup upon the palm of Pharaoh ( cf. v
11a ִי ) וְכוֹס ַפּרְעֹה ְבּיָד, similarly Lv 8:27 ( ×2 ) ( P ) + ; ֲשׁר עַל־כַּפּוֹ ֶ ַשּׁמֶן א ֶ הLv
14:16 , 17 , 18 , 27 , 28 ; as disting. from wrist and arm, Dt 25:12 ; rarely c. ידים
(always ַכּוֹת ) כּ, ְשׁתֵּי כַּפּוֹת ידיו1 S 5:4 (of Dagon), ך׳ ַהיַָּדיִם2 K 9:35 , cf. Dn
10:10 ; ִית ַשּׂמָאלְ כַּף הLv 14:15 , 26 ; note especially מְלֹא ך׳ ֶקמַח1 K 17:12 a
handful of meal (lit. palm ful), cf. Ec 4:6 (where disting. from פנַיִם ְ מלא ָחa double
fistful; in both these passages of a very small quantity); cf. ִן וַיְ ַמלֵּא כַּפּוֹ מLv 9:17
(ref. to ְצוֹ מְלֹא ֻקמ2:2 ; 5:12 cf. 6:8 ). In Ex 4:4 (JE), Pr 31:19 Ez 21:16 ψ
129:7 , etc., the thought is that of grasping. b. anthropomorph. of י׳, covering Moses
over with his palm, ך ָ ְשׂכֹּתִי ַכפִּי ָעלֶי ַ וEx 33:22 ( J ), and so fig. ( c. ) שׁיתψ
139:5 ; withdrawing ( ִיר ) ֵהסhis hand Ex 33:23 ( J ); removing ( ) ִה ְרחִיקhis
afflicting hand Jb 13:21 ; ָה אוֹר עַל־ ַכּ ַפּיִם ִכּסּJb 36:22 , i.e. he (God) hath filled his
palms with light. c. once of animals, ָיו הוֹ ֵל ְך עַל־ ַכּפּLv 11:27 going upon their
palms , i.e. paws (cats, dogs, etc.). d. phrases are:— † (1) ַף = ִהכָּה כּclap the hands ,
in applause 2 K 11:12 so ַע ך׳ ָתּקψ 47:2 , ָמחָא ך׳Is 55:12 ( fig. of trees), ψ 98:8
( fig. of rivers); but especially in scorn, contempt, etc., ָיו ָספַק אֶת־ ַכּפּNu 24:10 ( J
), פּ֑ימוֵֹ ִשׂפֹּק ָעלֵימוֹ ַכְ יJb 27:23 ; so ָתּקַע כַּף על־Na 3:19 , ִהכָּה ַכפִּי אֶל־Ez
22:13 (of ;) י׳abs. , ָה ְב ַכ ְפּ ָך ִהכּEz 6:11 (as מחא יד25:6 ), ִהכָּה כַּף אֶל־כַּף21:19
, ִי
אַ ֶכּה ַכפִּי אֶל־ ַכּפּv 22 (of ) י׳. † (2) ָתּפַשׂ ַבּכַּףgrasp, seize with the hand Ez
29:7 cf. v 7 (on text v. supr. ) † ( 3 ) of hand-grasp as pledge, תּ ָ ַלזָּר ַכּפֶּי ָך ָתּ ַק ְע
Pr 6:1 ( if ) thou hast smitten thy palms (given a double hand-grassp), for another (so
ָ ֑ ;) ָע ַר ְב ָתּ ְל ֵר ֶעso abs. תקע כף17:18 ; 22:26 ( cf. תקע לידJb 17:3 ). (4)
De ; || ך
often of hand spread out in prayer, as sign of longing to receive, c. ָפּרַשׂ אֶל־Ex
9:29 , 33 ( J ), 1 K 8:38 = 2 Ch 6:29 , etc. ( v. ידψ 143:6 La 1:17 and יָד1 d,
supr. p. 389 ; also פרשׂ, נשׂא, ) שׁטח. † (5) ֶה שׂים כַּף ְלפ, in respectful silence,
Jb 29:9 . † (6) fig. ְשׁי
ִ ְב ַכפִּי וָאָ ִשׂימָה נַפJu 12:3 = I have taken my life in my hand
(i.e. hazard it), so 1 S 19:5 ; 28:21 Jb 13:14 and (without vb. ) ψ 119:109 . † (7)
נִקְיֹן ך׳Gn 20:5 cleanness of palms is fig. for purity of act, cf. ψ 26:6 , also Jb
9:30 ; 22:30 ψ 24:4 ; 73:13 ; conversely, פּ֑י
ָ ְבּ ַכ (לֹא) ָחמָם Jb 16:17 1 Ch 12:18
Is 59:6 Jon 3:8 , cf. Is 59:3 (so ידים1:15 ), Jb 31:7 ψ 7:4 .—In many cases ַף
כּ
is not to be distinguished from ; יָדso in phr. †
יְגִי ַע ך׳toil of the hands Gn 31:42
Hg 1:11 Jb 10:3 ψ 128:2 ; ַל ך׳ פֹּעψ 9:17 , ֵחפֶץ ך׳Pr 31:13 ; תְּבוּנוֹת ך׳ψ
78:72 , ִי ך׳
ְפּרPr 31:16 † ; cf. Mi 7:3 . † 2. = power (i.e. grasp) of any one, נתן
בכף Ju 6:13 = deliver into the power of , so Je 12:7 , cf. בּוֹא בכף Pr 6:3 ;
usually ע
ַ הוֹשׁי
ִ , ָפּדָה, ִהצִּילetc., c. = ִמכַּףout of the power of Ju 6:14 1 S 4:3 2
S 14:16 ; 19:10 ( ×2 ) ; 22:1 ( ×2 ) = 18:1 (title), 2 K 16:7 ( ×2 ) ; 20:6 = Is 38:6 ,
Mi 4:10 Je 15:21 2 Ch 30:6 ; 32:11 Ezr 8:31 ψ 71:4 ( cf. יָד5 g, p. 391 supr. )
† 3. ַף ַרְגלָהּ כּ, etc., = sole of foot , Gn 8:9 ( J ), Jos 3:13 ; 4:18 (both JE), 1 K
5:17 2 K 19:24 = Is 37:25 , Dt 11:24 ; 28:56 , 65 Jos 1:3 ( D ), Ez 43:7 Mal
3:21 ; ַד ָק ְדקֳדוֹ ִמכַּף ַרגְלוֹ וְע2 S 14:25 Jb 2:7 , cf. Is 1:6 ( fig. ); ִמ ְד ַר ְך ך׳ ר׳Dt
2:5 treading-place for the sole of a foot; of the cherubim Ez 1:7 , of a calf, (in sim. )
v 7 , (according to MT ; cf. however Co ). 4. of various hollow, bending or bend
objects:— † a. hollow (i.e. socket), of the thigh -joint, ך ְ ך׳ יָ ֵרGn 32:26 ( ×2 ) , 33 ( ×2
)
( J ). b. pan, vessel (as hollow), used in ritual, Ex 25:29 ; 37:16 Nu 4:7 ; 7:14 +
15 times Nu 7 ; 1 K 7:50 = 2 Ch 4:22 , 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18 , Je 52:19 , 2 Ch
24:14 . † c. hollow of sling, 1 S 25:29 . † d. ִים כַּפּוֹת ְתּ ָמרLv 23:40 = of huge
hand-shaped branches (or fronds ) of palm-trees . e. מּנְעוּל
ַ ַה כַּפּוֹת Ct 5:5 the (bent)
handles of the bolt .
† ִכּפָּה S 3712
TWOT 1022b
GK 4093
n. f. branch, frond (prob. of palm-tree, cf.
כַּף4 d );— ך׳ Is 9:13 ; 19:15 fig. of nobles, rulers (both opp. אַגְמוֹןrush , i.e.
high and low; || ;) רֹאשׁ וְזָנָבc. sf. ִכּפָּתוֹ Jb 15:32 (of wicked under fig. of
palm-tree).
I. כפרS 3722
TWOT 1025 , 1026
GK ( of foll.; orig. meaning dub. , but perhaps
4105
cover , cf. Arabic cover, hide; > RS who thinks of Aramaic ַר ְכּפ, Pa. wash away, rub
off , whence ֶר כֹּפ, ִכּפֶּרof washing away, obliteration of sin: on orig. meaning cf. now
Dr Hast DB PROPITIATION ; also Assyrian kuppuru , purify (and deriv. takpirtu ) Zim KAT 3,
601.
Morgenstern Sin in Bab. Rel. ( MVG , 1905, 3) 44, 122 . NH ֶר
ִכּפּ, Aramaic ַכּפֵּרand deriv.;
Arabic an expiation (see RS OTJC 1. 438; 2. 381 Kn on Lv 4:20 Ri Begr. der Sühne We Comp
335 f.
Sm AT Rel. Gesch. 321 Now Arch. ii. 192 Dr Dt 425 Schmoller St. Kr. 1891, 205 ff. Lag BN
290 ff.
)).
† I. ֶר
כֹּפS 3724
TWOT 1025b
GK 4108 , 4109 , 4110 , 4111
n. m. the price of a life, a
ransom ( ποινή , wergeld );— ך׳Ex 21:30 + 10 times; sf. ָכּ ְפ ְר ָךIs 43:3 ; ָכּפְרוֹ ψ
49:8 ;— 1. a price for ransom of a life Jb 33:24 ; 36:18 ; ַל
ך׳ עEx 21:30 (Covt.
code; || ְשׁוֹ
נַפ ך׳ נפשׁ ;) ִפּדְיֹן Pr 13:8 ; ל
ְ ך׳ransom for Pr 6:35 ; 21:18 Nu 35:31 ,
† ִכּפֶּר vb. Pi etc. denom. cover over ( fig. ), pacify, make propitiation ;— Pi Pf.
ִכּפֶּר Ex 30:10 + 31 times; 2 ms. sf. ִכּ ַפּ ְר ָתּ֑הוּEz 43:20 ; 3 mpl. יְַכפְּרוּEz
43:26 ; 2 mpl. ֶם ִכּ ַפּ ְרתּEz 45:20 ; Impf. יְַכפֵּרEx 30:10 + 10 times; יְַכפֶּר־Lv
7:7 Nu 5:8 ; sf. רנָּה ֶ יְַכ ְפּPr 16:14 ; 1 s. ֲא ַכפֵּר2 S 21:3 ; ֲא ַכ ְפּרָהGn 32:21 Ex
32:30 , etc.; Imv. ֵר ַכּפּDt 21:8 + 4 times; Inf. ַכּפֵּרEx 30:15 + 28 times; sfs.
ַכּ ְפּרִיEz 16:63 ; ַכּ ֶפּ ְר ָךEx 29:36 ; ַכּ ְפּרָהּIs 47:11 ;— 1. cover over, pacify,
propitiate; ָה ֲא ַכ ְפּרָה ָפנָיו ַבּ ִמּנְחGn 32:21 let me cover over his face by the present
(so that de does not see the offence, i.e. pacify him; E ; RS OTJC , 2d ed., 381 ‘wipe clean
the face,’ blackened by displeasure, as the Arabs says ‘whiten the face’); ִי לֹא תוּ ְכל
ַכּ ְפּרָהּ וְחִפֹּל ָע ַליְִך הֹוָה Is 47:11 and disaster will fall upon thee, thou wilt not be
able to propitiate it (by payment of a ֶר כֹּפ, see Is 43:3 ); pacify the wrath of a king
Pr 16:14 (e.g. by a gift). 2. cover over, atone for sin , without sacrifice: a. man as
subj., ֵר
ַבּמָּה ֲא ַכפּ2 S 21:3 , with what shall I cover over (viz. the bloodguiltiness of
the house of Saul, says David. The answer is by a death penalty of seven sons of the
guilty house); ַד חטאתכם ְבּעEx 32:30 on behalf of your sins (JE; Moses, by
intercession); c. עלof persons Nu 17:11 , 12 ( P ; by incense), 25:13 ( P when
Phinehas slays the ringleaders). b. with God as subj., c. acc. pers. , cover , i.e. treat
as covered, view propitiously, Yahweh’s land Dt 32:43 (song); ל ְ pers. Dt 21:8
(bloodguiltiness flows away in the stream), Ez 16:63 ; ַד
ְבּעof person 2 Ch 30:18 ;
c. acc. of the sin ψ 65:4 ; 78:38 , prob. also Dn 9:24 ( || ח֯תם עַל ; חטאתof sin ψ
79:9 Je 18:23 ( || ) מחה. It is conceived that God in his sovereignty may himself
provide an atonement or covering for men and their sins which could not be provided
by men. 3. cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites , in the codes of H , P
, and Ez: abs. ֵן וך׳ הַכֹּהand the priest shall make atonement Lv 16:32 ; a. c. acc.
of sacred places (by the great sin-offering of the day of atonement), Lv 16:20 , 33 (
×2 )
; also Ez 43:20 , 26 ; 45:20 (by the blood of the sin-offering || ֵא
ִחטּ, ) ִטהַר. b.
usually c. ( עַל1) of things, e.g. of the altar to which the blood of the sin-offering
was applied Ex 29:36 , 37 ; 30:10 ; Lv 8:15 ( || קדַּשׁ ִ ), 16:18 ; and specifically the
horns of the altar Ex 30:10 the holy place of the tabernacle Lv 16:16 (by the great
sin-offering, because of ( ִן
) מthe uncleannesses of the children of Israel and because
of their transgressions); for the leprous house by ceremony of purification Lv 14:53
( || ַר
;) ִטהfor the goat לעזאזלLv 16:10 (which was presented before Yahweh to
consecrate him for the bearing away of the sins of the people). (2) of persons,
נפשׁתיכם על־, for your persons, yourselves , e.g. by the payment of atonement-
money ִים
ַה ִכּ ֻפּר ֶכּסֶףat the census Ex 30:15 , 16 ; by the קרבןof the spoils Nu
31:50 ; by the blood upon the altar Lv 17:11 ; in the ritual ֶם ֲעלֵיה, ָעלָיוby ministry
of priest through the blood of the sin-offering Lv 4:20 , 31 ; 8:34 ; 10:17 ; 12:7 , 8
; 14:19 , 31 ; 16:30 , 33 ; 23:28 Nu 8:12 , 21 ; 15:25 , 28 ( ×2 ) ; 28:22 , 30 ;
29:5 2 Ch 29:24 Ne 10:34 ; of the trespass-offering Lv 5:16 , 18 , 26 ; 7:7 ;
14:21 ; 19:22 Nu 5:8 ; the whole burnt-offering Lv 1:4 ; 14:20 ; 16:24 ; by the oil
used in purifying a leper Lv 14:18 , 29 ; by the תרומהEz 45:15 ; by the priestly
ministry in general 1 Ch 6:34 ; by the substitution of the Levites for the firstborn Nu
8:19 . Underlying all these offerings there is the conception that the persons offering
are covered by that which is regarded as sufficient and satisfactory by Yahweh. (The
purpose of the covering is stated Lv 16:30 ֶם ֲעלֵיכֶם ְל ַטהֵר ֶא ְתכֶם מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכ
ִל ְפנֵי י׳ ִתּ ְט ָח֑רוּ יְַכפֵּר = shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all
your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh , and Nu 8:21 ָם וַיְַכפֵּר ֲעלֵיהֶם ְל ַט ֲהרand
( Aaron ) made atonement for them to cleanse them. ) c. the need of the atonement is
expressed by ִן מ: others understand מִןas = away from; cf. Di Lv 4:26, Ri Sühne 50
f.
. ֵחטאתו
מbecause of his sin Lv 4:26 ; 5:6 , 10 ; 16:34 ; מטמאתוLv 14:19 ;
16:16 ; מזובLv 15:15 , 30 ; ָא
ָחט ֲשׁר
ֶ ֵמא Nu 6:11 ; also ַל
ע, עַל־ ַחטָּאתוֹon
account of his sin Lv 4:35 ; 5:13 ; 19:22 ; על־שׁגגתוֹLv 5:18 . d. c. ְבּinstr. ְבּאֵיל
Lv 5:16 ; 19:22 Nu 5:8 ; with a trespass-offering Lv 7:7 ; ֵר כִּי־ ַהדָּם הוּא ַבּנֶּפֶשׁ יְַכפּ
Lv 17:11 for it is the blood with the living being that covers over ( H , see נפשׁ3 ( a
); RV by reason of the life after De Di Kn Bähr Kau and most moderns; AV
follows B , so Ges Ew § 282 a. Anm. 1 : ‘ for the soul ’); c. בּ
ְ loc. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ
Lv 6:23 ; 16:17 , 27 e. c. ַבּעַד pers. , on behalf of Lv 9:7 ( ×2 )
; 16:6 , 11 , 17 ,
24 (by Aaron), Ez 45:17 (by the prince). Pu Pf. ֻכּפַּר Ex 29:33 Is 28:18 (but read
ֻתּפַר,— √ I. פרר,—so Hu We Che SS al. v. Br MP 209
); Impf. יְֻכפַּר
Nu 35:33 + 3 times; 3 fs. ְתּ ֻכ ָפּ֑ר Is 6:7 be covered over, atoned for . 1. apart from
the ritual, תכפר חטאתך Is 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over ( || ך
ָ ֶעֲוֹנ ; וְסָרby the
touch of the live coal from the altar); הזֶּה
ַ ָלכֶם אִם־יְֻכפַּר ֶהעָוֹןIs 22:14 surely this
iniquity shall not be covered over for you; c. בּ ְ instr. בזאת יכפר עוןIs 27:9 by
this shall the iniquity of Jacob be covered over ( || ; הסר חטאתוnamely by the
destruction of idolatrous objects); עון בחסד ואמת יכפרPr 16:6 by mercy and
fidelity iniquity is covered over . 2. c. ל
ְ for whom, לארץ לא יכפר לדםNu 35:33
for the land atonement cannot be made, in view of the blood shed in it, except by the
Bähr K. C. Bähr.
blood of the shedder of blood; in the ritual of P , c. בּ
ְ instr. ָבּהֶם ֲשׁר ֻכּפַּר
ֶא Ex
29:33 wherewith atonement was made (ram of consecration).
Hithp. Impf. יִ ְת ַכּפֵּר 1 S 3:14 ; c. ְבּinstr. יִ ְת ַכּפֵּר עֲוֹן בֵּית־ ֵעלִי ְבּזֶבַח וּ ְב ִמנְחָה
אִם־the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be covered by peace-offering or
minchah (in other words there was no atonement for it; cf. Pu Is. 22:14 ).
Nithp. ( Ges
§ 55, 9
Pf. וְנִ ַכּפֵּר ָלהֶם ַהדָּם Dt 21:8 and the blood shall be covered
for them .
† כַּפֹּרֶת S 3727
TWOT 1023c
GK 4114
n. propitiatory , late techn. word from
כּפרcover over sin: the older explan. cover, lid has no justification in usage;
ἱλαστήριον ; only P : Ex 25:17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ( ×2 ) , 21 , 22 ; 26:34 ; 30:6 ; 31:7 ;
35:12 ; 37:6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ( ×2 ) ; 39:35 ; 40:20 Lv 16:2 ( ×2 ) , 13 , 14 ( ×2 ) , 15 ( ×2 )
Nu 7:89 , and 1 Ch 28:11 ; it was a slab of gold 2 ½ cubits × 1 ½ c. placed on top of
the ark of the testimony. On it, and a part of it, were two golden cherubim facing each
other, whose outstretched wings came together above and constituted the throne of
Yahweh. When the high priest entered the Holy of Holies on the day of atonement it
was necessary that this highest place of atonement should be enveloped in a cloud of
incense. The blood of the sin-offering of the atonement was then sprinkled on the face
of and seven times before it. The temple proper, as distinguished from porch etc., was
called ַךּ׳
בֵּית ה1 Ch 28:11 .
† II. ֫
כֹּפֶר S 3724
TWOT 1025b
GK 4108 , 4109 , 4110 , 4111
n. m. pitch ( Arabic (loan-
† [ ַר
ָכּפS 3722
TWOT 1023
GK 4105 , 4106
] vb. denom. ( from II. ֶר
— ) כֹּפPf. 2
ms. וְכָֽ ַפ ְר ָתּ֫ בַּכֹּפֶר Gn 6:14 and thous shalt pitch it with pitch ( P ).
III. כפרS 3722
TWOT 1025 , 1026
GK 4105
( √ of following ) .
† ְכּפִיר S 3715
TWOT 1025a
GK 4097
n. m. young lion ;— ך׳Ju 14:5 + 16
times; pl. ְכּ ִפרִיםJe 2:15 + 3 times; ְכּפִירִיםZc 11:3 + 7 times; sf. ְכּפִי ַריְִךNa
2:14 ; ה
ָ ְכּפִירֶיEz 38:13 ( Co reads —;) כנעניהlit. ך׳ ֲארָיוֹתJu 14:5 young lion of
lions; Am 3:4 ψ 17:12 . It differs from whelp גּוּרEz 19:2 , 3 as old enough to
hunt its prey, Je 25:38 Is 11:6 Zc 11:3 ψ 104:21 ; in sim. of roar of hostile army
Is 5:29 ( || ִיא
) ָלבcf. Je 51:38 ( || ;) גּוֹרֵי אריותsim. of ’ י׳s invincible night Is
31:4 ( || ריֵה
ְ ;) אַof Isr. among the nations, Mi 5:7 ; of Assyrian princes Na 2:12 ; of
prince of Isr. Ez 19:5 , 6 ; other cases are: || ִיא
ָלבJb 38:39 ; || ַשׁחַלHo 5:14 ψ
91:13 Jb 4:10 ; of bloodthirsty enemies ψ 34:11 ; 35:17 ; 58:7 Je 2:15 ; ך׳ גוים
Ez 32:2 , of young warriors Na 2:14 Ez 38:13 (?; v. Co supr. ); righteous
compared with, Pr 28:1 ; king’s wrath like roaring of, Pr 19:12 ; 20:2 ; of one of
faces of cherubim Ez 41:19 .
† III. ֫
כֹּכֶּר n. m. name of a plant, El Ḥenna ( √ dub. ; NH ; כּוֹפֶרAramaic
כּוּ ְפרָא, ; Arabic El Ḥenna , see ) —a shrub or low tree, with fragrant
Löw No. 159
† [ ָר
ָכּפS 3723
TWOT 1025c
GK 4107
] n. m. village ( √ dub. ; NH ; ָכּפָר
Aramaic רנָא
ָ ; ַכּ ְפSyriac ; Assyrian kapru Dl ) ;— sg. cstr. HWB 348
ְכּפַי ָהעַמּוֹנִי
Jos 18:24 Kt village of the Ammonites , or ַמּוֹנָה ך׳ ָהעQri, a village of Benjamin,
possibly Kefr ’Âna , 3 miles N. of Bethel Surv ii. 299
; pl. ִים
ְכּ ָפרCt 7:12 1 Ch
27:25 .
† ְכּפִירָה S 3716
GK 4098
n.pr.loc. city of the Hivites subsequently assigned to
Benjamin., Jos 9:17 ; 18:26 Ezr 2:25 = Ne 7:29 ; Κεφειρα , etc.; = mod.
BR iii, 146 Jud. i. 283 ff. iii. 36
Kefîreh Rob Guérin Mem. Buhl G. § 94, p. 169.
† ִים ְכּפִירS 3715 TWOT 1025a
GK 4099
Ne 6:2 , prob. = foregoing ( al. n.
appell. = villages ).
IV. כפר S 3722 TWOT 1025 , 1026 GK 4105 ( √ of foll., = dig ? cf. Sab. כפר, vb.
dig , n. cave , DHM Anzeiger d. Wiener Ak., phil.-hist. Cl., Dec. 17, 1884 , quoted by Eut Nab 27 ; Nö ib.
comp. also Ethiopic basket, measure; Nab. כפרcave, sepulchre , synon. of קבראNö
in Eut Nab ib.
)
† I. ְפוֹר
כּS 3713
TWOT 1026a
GK 4094 , 4095
n. m. bowl ( NH id. ; ) כְּפוֹרָא
— bowl of gold or silver, used in the temple (late), ך׳1 Ch 28:17 ( ×4 )
; pl. cstr.
כְּפוֹרֵי 1 Ch 28:17 ( ×2 )
Ezr 1:10 ( ×2 )
; 8:27 .
†[ ָכּפַשׁS 3728
TWOT 1027
GK 4115
] vb. only Hiph. make bent, press or bend
together ( NH Hiph. id. i ַשׁ ָכּפfurnish a vessel with a bent rim , כּוֹפֶשׁa broad-rimmed
vessel; Arabic have bent or crooked feet; TelAm. kapâšu , sole of foot Dl HWB 348
(doubtfully), but inf. from כבשׁaccording to Wkl TelAm. Letters, Vocab. ) ;— Hiph. Pf. 3
ms. sf. ִישׁנִי
ַ ָבּ ֵאפֶר ִה ְכפּ La 3:16 he made me cower in the ashes .
† I. ְתּוֹר
ַכּפS 3730 , 3731
TWOT 1028 , 1029
GK 4116 , 4117
, ְתֹּר
ַכּפn. m. 1. capital ,
2. knob, bulb ( 2. perhaps earlier meaning; Hoffm ZAW iii. (1883), 124
, comp. Syriac
pear ( Löw No. 153
), from shape ) ;— 1. ְתּוֹר
ַכּפAm 9:1 capital of pillar; so pl. sf.
ַכּפְתֹּרֶי ָה Zp 2:14 . 2. ְתֹּר
ַכּפ, knob or bulb, ornament on the golden lamp-stand in
tabernacle; σφαιρωτήρ , Jos Archaeology iii. 6, 7 ῥοΐσκος , small pomegranate ; B
sphaerula :— Ex 25:33 ( ×2 )
, 35 ( ×3 )
= 37:19 ( ×2 )
, 21 ( ×3 )
; sf. ַכּפְתֹּרֶי ָה 25:31
, 34 = 37:17 , 20 , ֶם
ַכּפְתֹּרֵיה25:36 = 37:22 (all P ).
† II. ְתּוֹר ַכּפS 3730 , 3731 TWOT 1028 , 1029 GK 4116 , 4117 , ַכּפְתֹּרn.pr. terr prob.
Crete , so Ew Kiep Di Gn 10:14 Gie Je 47:4 al. ; cf. A. J. Evans Cretan
Pictographs (1895), 100 ff.
;(> S B Cappadocia , certainly wrong; Mich
Kiep H. Kiepert.
Mich J. D. Michaelis.
Cyprus; Eb ÄgM 127 ff. al. the coast of the Nile-Delta; WMM As. Eu. 387 f. Philistines,
originally pirates from SW. coast of Asia Minor, and the Ægean islands);— ְתּוֹר ַכּפ
Am 9:7 (orig. home of Philistines), ְתֹּר
ַכּפDt 2:23 (home of Caphtorim, v. infr. );
ְשׁ ֵארִית אִי ַכּפְתֹּר Je 47:4 the rest of the coast-land of Caphtor .— Vid. also תי
ִ ְכּ ֵר
infr.
† [ ִי
ַכּפְתֹּרS 3732 GK 4118 ] adj. gent. , only pl. as subst. ַכּפְתֹּרִיםCretans ;
Gn 10:14 ( J ) = 1 Ch 1:12 ; as expellers of the ‘Awwim’ from their homes about
Gaza, Dt 2:23 .
I. כַּר S 3733
TWOT 1046a
GK 4119 , 4120 , 4121
basket-saddle , v. sub כור.
† כֹּר S 3734
TWOT 1031
GK 4123
n. [ m. ] kōr , a measure (usually dry), =
( חֹמֶרEz 45:14 cf. v 11 ) ( NH
כּוֹר, Aramaic כּוֹרָא, ; hence, as loan-words,
Gk. κόρος , Arabic Frä ; √ dub. ; כרה, Lag Or . ii. 30 , cf. Id. BN 40, 156 ; כרר,
207
Nö ZMG 1886, xl. 734 ; Dl Prol . 113 comp. Assyrian kâru , and der. from ( כורbut see
now kâru Dl HWB 349 ) ) ;— ֶת ך׳ סֹל1 K 5:2 ; ך׳ ָק֑מַחv 2 ; of ִחטִיםv 25 a;
pl. ִים
כֹּרof ח׳and ְשׂעֹרִים2 Ch 2:9 ( ×2 ) ; 27:5 ; הַכֹּרas liquid measure (of oil)
Ez 45:14 . See further Benz Arch. 183 ff. Now Arch. i. 203
, and, on capacity, v. III.
חֹמֶרp. 330 f. supr. ; in 1 K 5:25b read ֶשׁמֶן בַּתfor MT ( כֹּר שׁ׳cf. and
2 Ch 2:9 ).
† [ כרבלS 3736
TWOT 1032
GK 4124
] vb. either denom. be-mantle ( from
Biblical Aramaic ָא
ַכּ ְר ְבּלDn 3:21 , if this = mantle , and not ( Marti Gl .
) =
Assyrian karballatu, cap (but ‘Kriegs[?]-mantel,’ Zehnpfund BAS ii, 535
) ) , or poss.
† [ ָה
ָכּרS 3738 , 3739 , 3741
TWOT 1033 , 1033a , 1034
GK 4125 , 4126 , 4127 , 4128 , 4129
] n. f.
cistern (or well ), only pl. cstr. in ִים
רֹע נְוֹת כְּרֹת Zp 2:6 pastures of ( = with)
wells of shepherds , but text dub. ; ך׳a gloss according to Kö ii. 176, (§ 94 a) Anm.
;
κρήτη ; We ( והיתה כרת נות רעים, as ) kereth = Philistia; v. further ִי
; ְכּ ֵרת
Böhme ZAW vii. 1887, 212 views ְרֹת
כּ, plausibly, as erron. variant of preceding נְוֹת, so
Schwally ib. x. 1890, 185, 186 ; Rothstein in Kau AT
.
† [ ֶה
ִמ ְכרS 4379 TWOT 1033b GK 4838
] n. m. pit (?), only cstr. ִמ ְכרֵה־ ֶמלַח Zp
2:9 salt-pit (but not certain).
Dalm G. Dalman.
mpl. ְרוּ ִתּכDt 2:6 Jb 6:27 ;— get by trade, buy , c. acc. Ho 3:2 Dt 2:6 ; sq. עַל־
trade in, make trade of Jb 6:27 ; 40:30 .
† ֵכּרָה S 3740
TWOT 1035a
GK 4130
n. f. a feast , 2 K 6:23 ( v. foregoing).
† ָכּרִי S 3746
GK 4133
adj. gent. prob. = Carian , only c. art. as subst. coll.
Carians , name given to foreign body-guard of king ( cf. RS OTJC 249, 2d ed. 262
) ַל ָכּרִי
וְָל ָרצִים2 K 11:4 cf. v 19 ; הכרי2 S 20:23 Kt ( < Qr ַה ְכּ ֵרתִי, which We Dr
Bu prefer).
ְכּרִית S 3747
GK 4134
n.pr.loc. and ִיתוּת
ְכּרv. sub כרת.
כרךTWOT 1037
( √ of following; cf. Aramaic ך
ְ ְכּ ַר, enwrap, surround , ְכּרִיכָא,
bundle , ָא
ַכּ ְרכּ, city ( + many other deriv.); ְכּרִיכָא, , NH ֶכּ ֶר ְך, scroll , etc. )
כרכבTWOT 1038
quadril. ( √ of following; cf. NH ִכּ ְרכֵּב, furnish with a rim,
enclose, set ) .
† ַכּרְכֹּב S 3749
TWOT 1038a
GK 4136
n. [ m. ] border, rim , of altar ( NH id.
) ;— cstr. ך׳ ַה ִמּזְ ֵבּ ַח Ex 27:5 ; c. sf. ַכּ ְרכֻּבּוֹ 38:4 (both P ).
† ַכּרְכֹּם S 3750
TWOT 1039
GK 4137
n. [ m. ] saffron ( crocus sativus ) ( NH
id. ; and vb. denom. ֵם
; ִכּ ְרכּHithp. grow yellow, pale; Aramaic כּוּ ְר ְכּמָא, ; Arabic
= κρόκος , crocus; Lag Ges Abh. 58, No. 147 ; so also JHMordt SabDenkm 83 f. ; otherwise
DHM ib. , who comp. Sab. כמכם, Arabic = Gk. κάγκαμον ) ;— Ct 4:14 ; on
meaning v. especially Löw No. 162 .
ֶכּרֶם S 3754
TWOT 1040a
GK 4142 , 4143
92 n. m. Dt 28:30 ( f. Is 27 , 2 ) vineyard
( NH id. ; Aramaic ָא ַכּ ְרמ, ; Zinj. כרםDHM Sendsch. 58 ; Arabic vine; Ethiopic
vine; Jen ZA vii. (1892), 217 comp. Assyrian karânu, vine; —etym. dub. ; Thes al.
comp. Arabic noble, generous, fertile , but precarious ) ;— abs. ך׳Ex 22:4 + , ֶם ָ ֑כּר
Gn 9:20 + ; cstr. ֶ ֫כּרֶם 1 K 21:7 + ; sf. ַכּ ְרמִי Is 5:3 + , ך
ָ ַכּ ְר ְמEx 23:11 + , etc.;
pl. ְכּ ָרמִיםJos 24:13 + ; cstr. ַכּ ְרמֵיAm 5:1 + 2 times; sf. ְכּ ָרמֵנוּNe 5:3 + 3
times; ֶם ַכּ ְרמֵיכAm 4:9 + 2 times, etc.;— vineyard Gn 9:20 ( J ), 1 K 21:1 + 9
times 1 K 21 , Ct 2:15 ( ×2 ) + ; so even Ju 15:5 (where read ; ך׳ וזיתcf. GFM ,
who however doubts genuineness); + זַיִתEx 23:11 ( E ) and often ( v. ;) זית+ שׂדֶה ָ
Ex 22:4 , 5 ( E ), and often; fig. of Isr. under ’ י׳s care Is 5:1 ff. , cf. 3:14 Je
12:10 ; fig. of Shulamite’s complexion Ct 1:6 , of her heart 8:12 .— Vbs.
governing ך׳are:— ַע נָטGn 9:20 Am 5:11 + 16 times, cf. ַמ ָטּעֵי ך׳Mi 1:6 ; זָרַע
Dt 22:9 ( c. 2 acc. ); ֵל
= ִחלּbegin to use fruit of , Dt 20:6 ( ×2 )
; 28:30 Je 31:5 ;
inscr. inscription(s);
זָמַרprune , Lv 25:3 , 4 ; ַר
ָבּצgather, harvest (lit. cut off , i.e. grapes, Lv 25:5 , 11
), Dt 24:21 Ju 9:27 , cf. ֵשׁ ִלקּJb 24:6 ; עוֹלֵלglean , Lv 19:10 Dt 24:21 ; אָכַל
Jos 24:13 (usually ‘eat fruit of’ Is 65:21 , etc.); locusts devour Am 4:9 ( si vera l. )
On n.pr.loc. ִים
אָבֵל ְכּ ָרמv. II. אָבֵל4 ; בֵּית ַה ֶכּ ֶרםv. p. 111 b .
† [ ַם
ָכּרS 3755
TWOT 1040
GK 4141
] vb. denom. tend vineyards, dress vines ,
only Qal Pt. pl. vinedressers ִים
כֹּ ְרמ2 K 25:12 = Je 52:16 ( || ) יֹגְבִים, Jo
1:11 2 Ch 26:10 (both || ִים
) ִא ָכּר, כֹּ ְרמֵיכֶםIs 61:5 ( || id. )
† I. ִי ַכּ ְרמS 3756 , 3757 GK 4145 , 4146 n.pr. m. 1. a son of Reuben Gn 46:9 Ex 6:14
Nu 26:6 1 Ch 5:3 . 2. a Judaite Jos 7:1 , 18 1 Ch 2:7 ; so 4:1 , but read perhaps
ְכּ ֻלבַיWe ( cf. 2:9 )— throughout χαρμ(ε)ι .
† II. ִי
ַכּ ְרמS 3756 , 3757 GK 4145 , 4146
adj. gent. of I. ִי
ַכּ ְרמ1 ; only c. art. הַךּ׳, as
subst. Nu 26:6 .
† I. ֶל
ַכּ ְרמS 3759 , 3760
TWOT 1041 , 1042
GK 4149 , 4150 , 4151 , 4152
n. m. Is 29:17 1.
plantation, garden-land. 2. fruit, garden-growth ( ל+ ֶם
ֶכּר, cf. Ges § 85, 52
Sta
§ 299
) ;— abs. ך׳ Is 16:10 + 12 times; sf. ַכּ ְרמִלּוֹ Is 10:18 + 2 times;— 1. garden-
land , Is 16:10 ( || ִים
) ְכּ ָרמ, 10:18 ( || ) יַעַר, 29:17 ( ×2 )
( opp. ְלבָנוֹן, ) יַעַר, 32:15
( ×2 )
( opp. ִמ ְדבָּר, ) יַעַר, v 16 Je 4:26 ( opp. ) ִמ ְדבָּר, 48:33 2 Ch 26:10 ( opp.
ֶארֶץ הַךּ׳ ;) ֶה ָהרִיםJe 2:7 the country of garden-land , i.e. fertile; יַעַר ַכּ ְרמִלּוֹ2 K
19:23 = Is 37:24 , the garden-like forest of it (viz. of Lebanon). On Mi 7:14 v. II.
ַכּ ְרמֶל. 2. by meton. ( fresh ) fruit, garden-growth , 2 K 4:42 ( + ;) ֶלחֶם ְשׂעוֹרִים
Lv 2:14 ( + ִיב
אָב קָלוּי ָבּאֵשׁ, and גֶּרֶשׂ, q.v. ), וכי ֶלחֶם וְ ָקלִי Lv 23:14 .
† II. ֶל
ַכּ ְרמS 3759 , 3760 TWOT 1041 , 1042 GK 4149 , 4150 , 4151 , 4152 n.pr. mont. et urb.
Carmel :— 1. mt.-promontory on Mediterranean, with fertile slopes, Tel el-Amarna
(Ginti-)Kirmil , Jastrow JBL xi. 1892, 115 ; Jos 19:26 , ַךּ׳
הַר־ה1 K 18:19 , 20 2 K
2:25 ; 4:25 ; ַךּ׳
ה רֹאשׁ Am 1:2 ; 9:3 1 K 18:42 ; c. art. also Jos 12:22 ; and, +
ָשׁן
ָ בּ, Je 50:19 , as pasturage (in fig. of Isr. as flock of ) י׳, cf. ( ך׳without art.) Mi
7:14 (less prob. rend. garden-land , I. ֶל
ַכּ ְרמ, so We GASm ); הַךּ׳Is 35:2 ( +
ַה ְלּבָנוֹן, ַשּׁרוֹןָ ך׳ ;) הIs 33:9 ( + ְלבָנוֹן, ַשּׁרוֹן ָ הand ָשׁן
ָ בּ, marking extent of land),
Na 1:4 ( + ָנוֹן ְלב, ָשׁן
ָ ְכּ ַכ ְרמֶל ַבּיָּם ;) בּJe 46:18 ( sim. of Nebuchad.); Ct 7:6
רֹאשׁ ְך ָע ַליְִך כַּךּ׳
ֵ (but v. ִיל —;) ַכּ ְרמon Carmel v. GASm G. 337 ff. Buhl G. 23 . 2.
city, 3 h. S. of Hebron, ֶל ַכּ ְרמJos 15:55 ; בַּךּ׳1 S 25:2 ( ×2 ) , 7 ; ַכּ ְר ֶמ֫לָהv 5 ( =
ַה ַכּ ְר ֶמ֫ל15:12 ; 25:40 .—Mod. Kurmul , Rob
to Carmel ); ָה BR i. 492–498, ii. 97
Buhl G.
163
.
† ָכּרַעS 3766
TWOT 1044
GK 4156
bow down ( NH id. ; Aramaic ַע
; ְכּרArabic
put one’s mouth into water, or water-vessel; i.e. kneel to drink? denom. from foll.? ) ;—
Qal Pf. 3 m. ך׳ ָכּֽרְעוּJu 7:6 + 4 times; Impf. יְִכרַעJu
Gn 49:6 + 6 times; 3 mpl.
7:5 + 3 times; 1 s. ָה וָ ֶא ְכ ְרעEzr 9:5 ; 3 mpl. יְִכרְעוּןJb 31:10 ; 2 mpl. ִתּ ְכ ָר֑עוּIs
65:12 ; 1 pl. ָה וְנִ ְכ ָ ֑רעψ 95:6 + 6 times Impf. ; Inf. cstr. כְּרֹ ַע1 K 8:54 ; Pt. כֹּ ֵר ַע
Est 3:5 ; pl. ִים
כֹּ ְרעEst 3:2 ; f. כֹּרְעוֹתJb 4:4 .— 1. bow על ברכיםto drink Ju 7:5
, 6 , in supplication to Elijah 2 K 1:13 ; in the worship of God 1 K 8:54 Ezr 9:5 ; c.
ברכיםsubj. and לof God 1 K 19:18 Is 45:23 ; without ברכיםc. ִל ְפנֵיψ 22:30 ;
72:9 ; || השׁתחוה2 Ch 7:3 ; 29:29 ψ 95:6 , worship of God, but Est 3:2 ( ×2 ) , 5 in
obeisance to Haman. 2. bow down , of the couching lion Gn 49:9 Nu 24:9 (both
poetry). 3. preg. c. על, bow down over (in order to lie with) a woman Jb 31:10 . 4. bow
down , of a woman in childbirth 1 S 4:19 , so of animals Jb 39:3 ; idols, removed by
enemies Is 46:1 , 2 ; ְעוֹת ִבּ ְר ַכּיִם כֹּרJb 4:4 tottering (feeble) knees; of enemies in
death, [ו]נפל כרעbow and fall down Ju 5:27 ( ×3 ) ψ 20:9 , preg. without נפל2 K 9:24
Is 65:12 , c. ַתּחַתIs 10:4 .— Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. ִה ְכרִי ַעψ 78:31 ; 2 fs. sf. ִה ְכ ַר ְע ִתּנִי
ֶ ֫כּרS
† [ ַע 3767
TWOT 1044a
GK 4157
] n. [ f. ] leg , ( NH
ֶכּרַע, Aramaic ַכּ ְרעָא,
, Arabic ) ;—only du. עיִם ַ ְכּ ָרLv 11:21 + 3 times; ְכּ ָר ָע֑יִםLv 9:14 ; sf. ְכּ ָרעָיוEx
12:9 + 3 times;— two (bending) legs , of animals in ritual phrase of P , רֹאשׁוֹ
עַל־ ְכּ ָרעָיוEx 12:9 his head with his legs , Lv 4:11 ; ) ( (ה)קרב(ו) ו(ה)כרע(יוhis
) inwards and ( his ) legs Ex 29:17 Lv 1:9 , 13 ; 8:21 ; 9:14 ; Am 3:12 (of legs of
lamb in mouth of lion); of the long bending hinder legs of the Saltatorial Orthoptera (
v. Tristr Nat. Hist. Bib. 309 ; Dr Joel 84 ) Lv 11:21 ֵר
אשׁר לוֹ ְכ ָר ַעיִם ִמ ַמּעַל ְל ַרגְלָיו ְלנַתּ
ָבּהֵן עַל הָאָרֶץwhich have bending legs above their feet, etc.
† ַכּ ְרפַּם n. m. cotton (or fine linen ( loan-word from Sk. karpâsa , cotton ,
Pers. fine linen; hence also κάρπασος , carbasus , Arabic , Talm ; ַכּ ְר ְפּסָא cf. Lag
Arm. Stud. § 1148
) ;— חוּר ך׳ וּ ְת ֵכלֶה Est 1:6 ( καρπασίνοις ): cf. Cels Hierob. ii. 157
ff.
†[ ָכּרַרS 3769
TWOT 1046
GK 4159
] vb. √ of foll. ( NH ִכּ ְרכֵּרuse
circumlocution; pl. ָן
ִכּ ְר ְכּרdances; Arabic return, repeat, attack anew, advance and
retreat; id. ; II. whirl about; orig. perhaps move around , then surround, enclose, recur ,
etc.; Ethiopic turn a mill, only pt. ; v. rotate, revolve, roll , and deriv. Di 838 f. ) ;—only
Pilpēl , Pt. ְמ ַכ ְרכֵּרdancing (lit. whirling ) 2 S 6:14 , 16 ( || פזֵּז
ַ ) ְמ.
Tristr H. B. Tritram.
Sk. Sanskrit.
Cels O. Celsius, Hierobotanicon.
21:27 ( ×2 )
(in v a Co reads ִים
ָשׂר, cf. AV ; MT RV as above).— Vid. also
בֵּית ָכּ֑רp. 111 supr.
† [ ָה
ִכּ ְר ָכּרS 3753
TWOT 1046b
GK 4140
] n. f. dromedary ( according to Ki
Thes ; perhaps from constantly repeated undulating movement ) ;—only pl. abs.
וּ ַב ִכּ ְרכָּרוֹת
Is 66:20 ( + רדִיםָ וּ ַב ְפּ ; בַּסּוּסִים וּ ָב ֶרכֶב וּ ַב ַצּבִּיםthe whole list is a gloss
according to Du Che Intr. Is. ).
ִכּכָּר S 3603
GK 3971
n. f. Gn 13:10 Ex 29:23 ; a round : hence 1. a round
distrct . 2. a round loaf . 3. a round weight, talent ( NH id. ; loaf, weight, talent;
Aramaic ָא
ַכ ְכּר, , talent; TelAm. gaggaru kaspu Wkl No. 35, Rev. 14
Christ.-Pal.-
Aram. , of honey- comb Schwally Idiot. 46
; on format. v. Ba NB 204
) ;— abs. ך׳
Gn 13:12 + ; cstr. ִכּכַּר1 S 2:36 + ; du. ִכּ ְכּ ַריִם ֶכּסֶף1 K 16:24 2 K 5:23 ,
ִכּ ָכּ ָר֑יִם v 23 ; pl. ִכּ ָכּרִים1 Ch 22:14 ( ×2 ) + 7 times Chr; cstr. ִכּ ְכּרֵי2 K 5:5 +2
times Chr; ְרוֹת
( ִכּכּloaves ) Ju 8:5 1 S 10:3 ;— † 1. the round (or oval ) especially
of the Jordan valley, רדֵּן
ְ ַַהיּ ִכּ ַכּר Gn 13:10 , 11 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17 ; abs.
ַה ִכּכָּר Gn 19:17 , 25 Dt 34:3 2 S 18:23 ; ַךּ׳
ה ֶארֶץ Gn 19:28 ; ַךּ׳
ה ָערֵי 13:12 ;
19:29 , v. GASm G. 505
Buhl G. 112
; district of Jerus. , ַךּ׳
הNe 3:22 ; 12:28 . † 2.
ָל֑ח
loaf of bread (from round shape), ֶם ִכּכַּר 1 S 2:36 Pr 6:26 , cf. Ex 29:23 Je
37:21 1 Ch 16:3 ; ֶם
ֶלח ִכּכְּרוֹת 1 S 10:3 Ju 8:5 . 3. † a. a weight (also from
shape), ֶת
עֹ ֶפר ִכּכַּר Zc 5:7 a weight of lead , serving as cover of an ephah. b. a
particular unit of weight, talent , usually of gold or silver:— ָב
זָה ך׳ 2 S 12:30 1 K
9:14 + 18 times; ֶף
ֶכּס ך׳1 K 20:39 2 K 5:5 + 21 times; but also of iron, ַבּ ְרזֶל1
Ch 29:7 , and bronze ְחשׁת
ֶ נEx 38:29 1 Ch 29:7 .—The weight of the talent was
58.944 kilogr. ( = 129.97 lbs.) according to older ( Bab. ) standard, later 49:11 kg.
( = 108.29 lbs.) and less; v. Benz Arch. 187 ff. 194 Now Arch. i. 208 f. .—See also ֶל
ֶשׁק.
כרשׂTWOT 1047
√ of foll. ( Arabic be wrinkled ) .
† [ ֵשׂ
ָכּרS 3770
TWOT 1047a
GK 4160
] n. [ m. ] belly ( NH ֶכּרֶסid. ; Aramaic
ַכּ ְרסָא, id. ;
Mand. . כראס, כארסא, uterus , Nö M 151, 157
; Arabic , Ethiopic
wrinkled or folded stomach of cud-chewing animals; cf. Lag BN 20, 44 ; Assyrian
kg. king.
karšu , body, belly ) ;—only sf. ְכּרֵשׂוֹ Je 51:34 of Nebuchadrezzar under fig. of
sea-monster.
† ְשׁנָא
ְ ַכּר S 3771
GK 4161
n.pr. m. a Pers. prince Est 1:14 .
† ָכּרַתS 3772
TWOT 1048
GK 4162
291 vb. cut off, cut down ( NH id. ; Assyrian
karâtu , II. hew off Dl HWB 357
) ;— Qal Pf. ך׳ Gn 15:18 + 19 times; 2 ms. ָכּ ָר֑ ָתּ Dt
20:20 ; 1 s. ִי
ָכּ ַרתּEx 34:27 + 15 times; + 8 times Pf. ; Impf. יִכְרֹתJb 40:28 + 21
times; 2 ms. ָת־ ִתּ ְכרIs 57:8 ; 1 s. ֶא ְכרוֹתIs 61:8 1 S 11:2 ; ֶא ְכ ְרתָהIs 55:3 ; 3
֑ יִכHo 12:2 ψ 83:6 ; 1 pl. נִ ְכ ְרתָהGn 26:28 ; 31:44 ; sf. נִ ְכ ְרתֶנּוּJe
mpl. ְרֹתוּ
11:19 ; + 31 times Impf. ; Imv. ָת־ ְכּר1 S 11:1 ; ָכּ ְרתָה2 S 3:12 ; + 4 times Imv. ; Inf.
abs. ָרֹת כּHo 10:4 ; כָּרוֹתNe 9:8 ; cstr. כְּרֹתJe 34:8 + 2 times; ְכּרָת־Is 44:14 +
2 times; ְרוֹת כּ2 Ch 2:7 ; 29:10 ; sf. ָכּ ְרתִי1 S 24:12 ; Pt. act. כֹּרֵתEx 34:10 + 3
times; + 3 times Pt. act. ; pass. ָרוּת כּLv 22:24 ; cstr. כְּרוּתDt 23:2 ; pl. ְכּרֻת[וֹ]ת1
K 7:12 + 3 times;— 1. cut off: a. things: c. acc. foreskin Ex 4:25 ( J ); privy member
Lv 22:24 ( H ) Dt 23:2 ; cluster of grapes Nu 13:23 , 24 ( E ); bough of tree Ju 9:48 ,
49 ; skirt 1 S 24:5 , 6 , 12 ; head of man 1 S 17:51 ; 31:9 2 S 20:22 ; garments 2 S
10:4 = 1 Ch 19:4 ; palms of hands 1 S 5:4 ; sprigs Is 18:5 . b. persons , c. acc. pers.
מִןloc. Je 11:19 ; 50:16 . 2. cut down , c. acc. trees Dt 19:5 ; 20:19 , 20 2 K 19:23
= Is 37:24 , Is 44:14 Je 6:6 ; 10:3 ; 22:7 ; 46:23 Ez 31:12 ; asherim Ex 34:13 ( J )
Ju 6:25 , 26 , 30 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 ; 2 K 18:4 ; 23:14 . 3. hew , timber 1 K
5:20 ( ×2 ) = 2 Ch 2:7 , 15 , Is 14:8 ; ִים
כֹּ ְרתֵי ָה ֵעצhewers of timber 2 Ch 2:9 ;
ְכּרֻת(וֹ)תhewn beams 1 K 6:36 ; 7:2 , 12 . 4. ך׳ ְבּרִיתcut, or make a covenant
(because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the
sacrifice of the covenants, see ִית
ֲשׁר ך׳ ;) ְבּר
ֶ ָה ֵעגֶל אthe calf which they cut Je 34:18
(referring to Gn 15:10 ); ַח
ֲעלֵי־זֶבψ 50:5 ; abs. Gn 21:27 , 32 ; 31:44 ( E ) 1 S 18:3
1 K 5:26 Ho 10:4 ; c. ֶת אwith Gn 15:18 Ex 34:27 Dt 31:16 ( J ) Dt 5:3 28:69 ( ×2
)
; 29:13 2 S 3:12 , 13 , 21 2 K 17:15 , 35 , 38 Is 28:15 Je 11:10 ; 31:31 , 32 , 33
; 34:8 , 13 Ez 17:13 Zc 11:10 ψ 105:9 = 1 Ch 16:16 ; c. ִם עGn 26:28 ( J ) Ex
24:8 ( E ) Dt 4:23 ; 5:2 ; 9:9 ; 29:11 , 24 1 K 8:21 = 2 Ch 6:11 2 Ch 23:3 Ne 9:8
Ho 2:20 ; 12:2 Jb 40:28 ; ְ׳
בּomitted 1 S 20:16 ; 22:8 1 K 8:9 = 2 Ch 5:10 ; c. ְל
Ex 23:32 ; 34:12 , 15 Jos 9:6 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 16 ; 24:25 (JE) Dt 7:2 Ju 2:2 1 S 11:1
2 S 5:3 1 K 20:34 2 K 11:4 1 Ch 11:3 2 Ch 21:7 ; 29:10 Ezr 10:3 Is 55:3 ; 61:8
Je 32:40 ; 34:18 Ez 34:25 ; 37:26 Jb 31:1 ψ 89:4 ; ְ׳ בּomitted 1 S 11:2 2 Ch 7:18 ;
נֶגֶד Ex 34:10 ( J ); פנֵי
ְ ִל1 S 23:18 2 K 23:3 = 2 Ch 34:31 Je 34:15 ; וּבֵין בֵּין 2K
11:17 ; 2 Ch 23:16 ; c. עַלagainst , ψ 83:6 ; מנָה
ָ ֲאis used for בריתNe 10:1 ; and ָדּבָר
Hg 2:5 .
Note .— ֶם
ֵמה וַ ִתּ ְכרָת־ ָל ְך Is 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a
covenant with them , with ellipsis of בּ׳as above. But ִן מis not used in such a
construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends
ִע ָמּהֶםfor ֵמהֶם, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du , followed by Buhl ,
reads ִי
וַ ִתּ ְכרafter Ho 3:2 .
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נכרתJo 1:5 + 5 times; נִ ְכ ָר֑תJo 1:16 + 2 times; 3 fs. נִ ְכ ְרתָה
Gn 17:14 + 16 times; ָה נִ ְכ ָר֑תψ 37:38 ; 2 ms. נִ ְכ ַר ָתּOb 10 ; + 8 times Pf. ; Impf.
יִָכּרֵתGn 9:11 + 21 times; יִכָּֽרֶת־Ob 9 ; 3 mpl. יִכָּֽרְתוּZc 13:8 ; יִָכּרֵת֑וּןJos 3:13
ψ 37:9 ; + 9 times Impf. ; Inf. ֵת ִה ָכּרNu 15:31 ψ 37:34 .— 1. be cut off: a. of things ,
froward tongue Pr 10:31 ; burden from a nail Is 22:25 ; chariots Zc 9:10 ; dwelling Zp
3:7 . b. of persons , the people of the land by a famine ( בּ
ְ ) Gn 41:36 ( E ); all flesh by
waters of deluge ( ֵי
) ִממּGn 9:11 ( P ); the anointed Dn 9:26 ; enemies Is 11:13 Mi
5:8 ; the wicked Is 29:20 Ho 8:4 Na 2:1 ψ 37:9 , 22 , 28 , 34 , 38 Pr 2:22 ; others
Ob 9 , 10 Zp 1:11 Zc 13:8 ; 14:2 . c. in the technical phrases of H and P ָה וְנִ ְכ ְרת
ַהנֶּפֶשׁ ההיאthat person shall be cut off (by death penalty) ֵמ ַעמֶּי ָהGn 17:14 Lv 7:20 ,
21 , 25 , 27 Nu 9:13 Lv 19:8 ; ֵל ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ִמיּEx 12:15 Nu 19:13 ; ִשׂ ָראֵל ֵמ ֲעדַת ְ יEx
12:19 ; ה
ָ ִמ ֶקּרֶב ַעמֶּיEx 31:14 Nu 15:30 ( ִמ ְלּ ָפנַי ;) ַעמָּהּLv 22:3 ; מִתּוֹ ְך ַה ָקּהָלNu
19:20 ; similarly with variation of subject Ex 30:33 , 38 Lv 17:4 , 9 ; 18:29 ; 20:18 ;
23:29 , and with omission of word with ִן מLv 17:14 ; 20:17 Nu 15:31 ( ×2 ) . 2. be cut
down , a tree Jb 14:7 . 3. be chewed between the teeth Nu 11:33 ( J ). 4. be cut off , in a
more general sense, fail: of waters Jos 3:13 , 16 (JE) 4:7 ( ×2 ) ( D ); new wine Jo 1:5 ;
meat v 16 ; hope Pr 23:18 ; 24:14 ; a name Is 48:19 ; 56:5 Ru 4:10 ; a sign Is 55:13
; faithfulness Je 7:28 ; אישִׁ לֹא יִָכּרֵת לְ׳there shall not fail thee a man 1 K 2:4 ; 8:25
= 2 Ch 6:16 , 1 K 9:5 = 2 Ch 7:18 , Je 33:17 , 18 ; 35:19 ; מן לא יכרתthere shall
not fail of Jos 9:23 ( J ) 2 S 3:29 .
Hiph. Pf. ִה ְכרִית 1 S 28:9 1 K 11:16 ; 3 fs. ִה ְכרִיתָה Lv 26:22 ; 1 s. ִי
ִה ְכ ַרתּ
Jos 23:4 + 32 times; + 4 times Pf. ; Impf. יְַכרִית Dt 12:29 + 2 times; juss. יְַכרֵת ψ
וָֽאַ ְכ ִר֫ת2 S 7:9 ; 1 pl. sf.
12:4 + 4 times; 1 s. ָה וְנַ ְכרִי ֶתנָּה Je 48:2 ; + 9 times Impf.
; Inf. ִית ַה ְכרJe 44:8 + 15 times; ַה ְכרִת1 S 20:15 ; + sf. 2 times— 1. cut off ,
flattering lips ψ 12:4 . 2. cut off , destroy the life of: a. animals c. acc. , cattle Lv 26:22
( H ); c. acc. and ִן
מfrogs Ex 8:5 ( J ); horses Mi 5:9 Zc 9:10 . b. of men abs. ψ
109:13 , by men, c. acc. enemies Ju 4:24 1 S 24:22 1 K 11:16 ; 14:14 ; 18:4 2 Ch
22:7 Is 10:7 Ez 17:17 Ob 14 ; c. acc. and ִן מenemies Jos 11:21 Je 48:2 ; the
wicked ψ 101:8 ; a clan Nu 4:18 ( P ); young men by death Je 9:20 ; people by the
sword Na 3:15 ; necromancers 1 S 28:9 ; the name Jos 7:9 . c. of men, by God c. acc.
( ַה)גּוֹיִםDt 19:1 Jos 23:4 ( D ) Zp 3:6 ; various persons and things Is 48:9 Je 44:11 ;
51:62 Ez 25:16 ; 30:15 Zc 9:6 ; c. acc. and ִן
מEz 25:7 Am 1:5 , 8 ; 2:3 ; ֵמ ֶארֶץ
Na 2:14 ψ 34:17 = 109:15 ; ֵל
ִשׂ ָרא
ְ ִמיּIs 9:13 ; ִמיַּדMi 5:11 ; ִמ ָפּנֶי ָךDt 12:29 2 S
7:9 = 1 Ch 17:8 ; פּנֵי
ְ ָה ֲא ָדמָה ֵמעַל1 S 20:15 1 K 9:7 Zp 1:3 ; ִמ ֶקּרֶב עַמּוֹLv 17:10
; 20:3 , 5 , 6 ( H ); ִי מִתּוֹ ְך ַעמּEz 14:8 ; Ez says also … אָדָם וּ ְב ֵהמָה הך׳ מִן14:13 ,
17 , 19 , 21 ; 25:13 ; 29:8 ; צדיק ורשׁע21:8 , 9 ; עבר ושׁב35:7 ; c. acc. and ל ְ,
cut off, to , or from Is 14:22 Je 44:7 , 8 ; 47:4 ; ִיר ַשׁתִּין ְבּק
ְ ך׳ לְ׳ מ1 K 14:10 ; 21:21
2 K 9:8 ; ך׳ ל׳ מעם מזבח1 S 2:33 ; ֲקֹב יְַכרֵת י׳ ָלאִישׁ ֵמ ֽאָ ֳהלֵי יַעMal 2:12 may
Yahweh cut off to the man—from the tents of Jacob . 3. cut down, destroy , cities Mi 5:10
, sun-pillars Lv 26:30 ( H ); and other things used in idolatry Na 1:14 Zp 1:4 ; מן
הארץ Zc 13:2 ; רב
ֶ ִמ ֶקּMi 5:12 . 4. take away , ֵמעִם ֶחסֶדkindness from 1 S 20:15 . 5.
permit to perish , ָה
( ֵמ ַה ְבּ ֵהמsome) of the cattle 1 K 18:5 .
† ְכּרִיתוּת S 3748
TWOT 1048a
GK 4135
n. f. divorcement ;— ך׳Is 50:1 ;
ְכּרִיתֻתDt 24:1 , 3 ; pl. sf. ה
ָ ְכּרִי ֻתתֶיJe 3:8 ; ך׳ ֵספֶרwriting (i.e. deed) of
divorcement , Dt 24:1 , 3 Is 50:1 Je 3:8 .
† ִית ְכּרS 3747 GK 4134 n.pr. the brook where Elijah was hidden 1 K 17:3 , 5 ,
identif. dub. ; acc. Rob BR ii. p. 288 Wady el-Kelt , near Jericho; acc. Buhl Handw. 12
Wady Ajlun , E. of Jordan, yet v. Buhl G. 121 .
ֶשׂב
ֶכּ S 3775
TWOT 949
GK 4166
ִשׂבָּה
ְכּ S 3776
TWOT 949
GK 4167
v. ֶכּבֶשׂ, etc.
† ֶ ֫כּ ֶשׂד S 3777
GK 4168
n.pr. m. son of Nahor according to Gn 22:22 ( J ; perhaps
Par 201
orig. personif., or assumed ancestor, of following, v. Di Dl ).
† ַשׂדִּים
ְכּ S 3778
GK 4169
n.pr. gent. et terr. Kasdim = Chaldeans, Chaldea ,
Χαλδαι̂οι and ( Je 50:10 ) ἡ Χαλδαία ( Assyrian (mat) Kaldu, Kaldû ; from earlier
( Bab. ) form [ Kašdu ]— š before dental becoming l , Dl Par 128 f. 200 f.; Assyrian Gr § 51, 3
; Schr KGF 94 ff.; COT on Gn 11:28 ) ;— 1. Chaldeans: a. people dwelling on lower
Euphrates and Tigris; in n.pr.loc. אוּר ך׳ Gn 11:28 ( J ), v 31 ( P ), 15:7 ( J ),
Ne 9:7 . b. especially the people ruled by Nebuchadrezzar;— ך׳Je 37:10 ; 39:5 Ez
23:23 2 K 24:2 ; 25:4 , 5 , 10 , 13 = Je 52:7 , 8 , 14 , 17 ( 2 K 24:5 , 10 =
also Je 39:5 , 8 ), 2 K 25:26 Is 13:19 ; 43:14 ; 48:14 , 20 Jb 1:17 ; Kt דּיִּיםִ ַשׁ
ְכּ
Ez 23:14 2 Ch 36:17 ; ַךּ׳ הJe 21:4 , 9 ; 22:25 ; 32:4 , 5 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 43 ;
33:5 ; 35:11 ; 37:5 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 14 ; 38:2 , 18 , 19 , 23 ; 39:8 ; 40:9 , 10 ;
41:3 , 18 ; 43:3 ; 50:35 Hb 1:6 2 K 25:24 , 25 ; ַת־ך׳ בּIs 47:1 , 5 = Babylon
(in dirge); ֶץ ך׳ ֶארἡ γη̂ Χαλδαίων (on locality v. Schr Dl l.c. ) Je 24:5 ; 25:12 ;
50:1 , 8 , 25 , 45 ; 51:4 , 54 Ez 1:3 ; 12:3 , also Is 23:13 (inauthentic, Di Che ;
read ענִים
ֲ ַ ְכּנEw Schr , or ִכּתִּיםDu ); וּלְשׁוֹן ך׳ ֵסּפֶרDn 1:4 ; ַמלְכוּת ך׳9:1 . c.
Chaldeans as learned class, skilled in interpretations Dn 2:2 ( + ִים
ַח ְר ֻטמּ, אַשּׁפִים
ָ ,
ַשּׁפִים
ְ ) ְמכ, v 4 . 2. Chaldea , ָל
ְשׁל
ָל ַשׂדִּיםְ וְהָֽיְתָה כּJe 50:10 and Chaldea shall
be despoiled; ך׳ יוֹשׁבֵי
ְ 51:24 , 35 ; ָם
ַשׂדִּים ֶארֶץ מוֹ ַל ְדתְּ כּEz 23:15 ; c. הloc. ;
ַשׂ ִדּ֫ימָה
ְכּ Ez 11:24 ; 16:29 ; 23:16 .
†[ ָשׂה
ָ כּS 3780
TWOT 1049
GK 4170
] vb. be sated, gorged with food ( cf. Arabic
be filled with food; Assyrian kissatum , sustenance, provender, food , Zehnpf BAS i, 503
)
;—only Qal Pf. 2 ms. ת ָ ָשׂי
ִ ָשׁ ַמנְ ָתּ ָעבִי ָת כּDt 32:15 thou grewest fat, becamest thick,
wast gorged! fig. of Isr. as fat beast ( cf. Dr ).
ֻשׁיִּים
ִ כּ, ֻשׁית
ִכּ v. כּוּשׁי
ִ .
† ָשׁל
ַכּ S 3782 TWOT 1050 GK 4173 vb. stumble, stagger, totter ( NH id. ; Syriac
[ ] give offence (occasion for stumbling), σκανδαλίζω , (chiefly Ethpe. Aph.), v. PS
Brock Schwally ; Arabic is be heavy, sluggish ) ;— Qal Pf. ך׳Ne 4:4 + , ( Ho 5:5b
read ָשׁל
ֵ יִכּ, cf. We ), ָֽשׁלָה
ְ כּIs 3:8 ; 59:14 ; ָֽשׁלוּ
ְ כּJe 46:6 + , ָשׁלְנוּ
ַ כּIs 59:10 ,
etc.; Impf. 3 mpl. יכשׁולו֑ Pr 4:16 Kt (but read Hiph., q.v. , so Qr ); יכשׁלוNa 3:3
Kt (but read Pf. ָֽשׁלוּ ְ וְכ, so Qr ); Inf. abs. כָּשׁוֹלIs 40:30 ( c. Niph. Impf. ); Pt.
act. כּוֹשׁל
ֵ Is 5:27 + 2 times, כֹּשׁל ֵ 2 Ch 28:15 ψ 105:37 ; fpl. כֹּשׁלוֹת ְ Is 35:3 ;— 1.
stumble at, over, something, c. ( בlit. by means of ), Na 3:3 , בּגִבּוֹר ך׳ ְ גִּבּוֹרJe 46:12 (
+ ַל) נָפ, cf. Lv 26:37 ; וּנְ ָערִים ָבּעֵץ ך׳La 5:13 i.e. stagger (of toil in captivity); abs.
ָ ), ָֽשׁלוּ וְנָ ָפ֑לוּ
Is 5:27 ( || עיֵף ְ כּJe 46:6 , cf. כּוֹשׁל גַּס־נָפַל אישׁ וגו׳ ֑ ֵ ִה ְרבָּהv 16
(strange; Gie , foll. in part S , ָשׁל וְנָפַל
ַ ֶע ְר ְבּ ָך כּthy mixed people — cf. 25:20 ,
etc.— hath stumbled and hath fallen ); often fig. of overthrow, through divine judgment,
c. בּ
ְ at , ( v. supr. ) Je 6:21 , so Is 8:15 ( + נָפַלetc.) according to Ges Hi Buhl
Che Di ; < ָם
= בּamong them ,—Isr. and Judah,—as בin v 16 , so Ew De Du
E.V. ; Ho 4:5 ( ×2 )
; 5:5 ; 14:2 ( ך
ָ ֶֽ ַבּעֲוֹנ, ְבּprob. instr.); abs. of Babylon, under fig.
of זָדוֹן, ונפל ך׳ Je 50:32 ; ונפל ך׳ ψ 27:2 Is 3:8 ; 31:3 (both || ;) נפלof ֶת
ֱאמIs
59:14 ; Is 28:13 ( + ;) אָחוֹרof distress Is 59:10 , ψ 107:12 . 2. totter , of knees, lit.
ִבּ ְרכַּי ך׳ מִצּוֹםψ 109:24 my knees totter from fasting; fig. Is 35:3 ( || ;) יַָדיִם רָפוֹת
כּוֹשׁל
ֵ tottering one , lit. Jb 4:4 2 Ch 28:15 ψ 105:37 ; hence fig. , fail , of strength (
) כֹּ ַח, Ne 4:4 ψ 31:11 ;— Inf. abs. כָּשׁוֹל, v. sub Niph. Niph. Pf. consec. ְשׁל ַ וְנִכ
Dn 11:19 , ְשׁלוּ ְ וְנִכv 33 , ְשׁלוּ֑ ָ וְנִכv 14 ; Impf. ָשׁל ֵ יִכּEz 33:12 + Ho 5:5b ( as
v a, so We ; MT ָשׁל ַ ) כּ, 2 ms. ָשׁל ֵ ִתּכּPr 4:12 , ָשׁלוְּ יִכּHo 5:5a + 9 times; ָשׁ֑לוּ
ֵ יִכּIs
40:30 + 3 times; Inf. cstr. sf. ָֽשׁלוֹ ְ ִבּכּPr 24:17 (yet v. Ges § 51, R. 1 ), ָֽשׁלָם
ְ ְבּ ִהכּ
Dn 11:34 ; Pt. ְשׁל ַ נִכZc 12:8 ; pl. ְשׁלִים ָ נִכ1 S 2:4 ;— 1. stumble ( = Qal ) Na 2:6
Is 63:13 Je 31:9 ; usually fig. : a. of misfortune Pr 24:17 ( || ) נפל, neg. 4:12 . b. of
divine judgment ( c. בּ ְ at ) Pr 4:19 ; 24:16 , neg. Ez 33:12 ; see also Ho 14:10 ( ְבloc.
), Je 20:11 Dn 11:14 , 35 , ך ָ ָֽשׁלוּ וְיֹאבְדוּ ִמ ָפּנֶי
ְ יִכּψ 9:4 ; be thrown to the ground ,
of nations, armies, etc., Ho 5:5 ( c. ֲוֹנָם ַבּע, cf. 14:2 Qal ), Je 6:15 ( || ) נפל, cf.
8:12 ( || id. ), Dn 11:19 ( + ) נפל, v 33 ( ב ְ instr.), v 34 , 41 . 2. be tottering, feeble ,
ָשׁ֑לוּ
ֵ כָּשׁוֹל יִכּIs 40:30 ( opp. יַ ֲחלִיפוּ כֹ ַחv 31 ); so pt. 1 S 2:4 Zc 12:8 . Pi. only
apparent, ִיַשּׁלְ ְתּכEz 36:14 , read ְשׁ ְכּלִי ַ תּwith Qr Vrss E.V. Sm Co Da ( v. alo
Hiph. ad fin. ). Hiph. Pf. ְשׁיל ִ ִהכLa 1:14 , ְשׁ ְלתֶּם ַ ִהכMal 2:8 ; Impf. 3 ms. sf.
Schwally F. Schwally.
E.V. English Version(s).
ְשׁי ְל ָך
ִ יַכ ְשׁלִי
2 Ch 25:8 ; 2 fs. ִ ַתּכEz 36:15 (but del. Co ; read תשׁכלי, as v
14 other Vrss Sm Da ); 3 mpl. ְשׁילוּ ִ יַכPr 4:16 Qr ( Kt v. sub Qal ), ְשׁילֻהוּ ִ וַיַּכ
ψ 64:9 , ְשׁלוּםִ וַיַּכJe 18:15 (so ; Gie , after S , ְשׁלוּ
ְ וַיִּכ, [ < ָֽשׁלוּ
ְ ;)] וַיִּכּInf.
cstr. ְשׁיל
ִ ַהכ2 Ch 25:8 , sf. ְשׁילוֹ ִ ַהכ2 Ch 28:23 ;— 1. cause to stumble , fig. : a. =
bring injury or ruin to , abs. Pr 4:16 ; of punishment ψ 64:9 ( indef. subj.; si vera l. ;
text prob. corrupt, v. Che Bae ). b. = overthrow , of nation, army, etc., 2 Ch 25:8 (
sq. פנֵי אוֹיֵב
ְ ) ִל, cf. v 8 ( opp. ;) עזרcause overthrow 2 Ch 28:23 .—On Ez 36:15
v. supr. c. morally, Je 18:15 ( בּ
ְ loc. ), Mal 2:8 ( ְבּinstr.) 2. make feeble, weak ,
ְשׁיל כֹּחִי ִ ִהכLa 1:14 (of God’s dealing with Jerus. ) Hoph. only Pt. ְשׁלִיםָ והיו ֻמכ
ְל ָפנֶי ָךJe 18:23 either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee , i.e. regard
them as such ( Hi Gf VB ), or and let them be ones overthrown before thee ( Gie ; so
Qr according to Gf ). So also in Ez 21:20 according to Co , cf. Sm Da ( MT
ִמכְשֹׁלִים, v. ) ִמכְשׁוֹל.
† ַשּׁיל
ִכ S 3781
TWOT 1050a
GK 4172
n. [ m. ] axe ( according to Vrss and
context; NH id. ; Je 46:22 ; prob. from felling; Aramaic loan-word according to
Frä 74
; but word not common in Aramaic ) — ֲלֹמוּן
בְּך׳ וְכֵילַפּוֹת יַהψ 74:6 .
† ִשּׁלוֹן
ָכּ n. [ m. ] astumbling ; fig. = calamity Pr 16:18 .
† ִמכְשׁוֹל S 4383
TWOT 1050c
GK 4842
n. m. Je 6:21 a stumbling, means or
occasion of stumbling, stumbling-block ;— ם׳abs. Is 8:14 + 3 times, ְשֹׁל
ִמכLv
19:14 ; cstr. ִמכְשׁוֹל1 S 25:31 + 6 times Ez; pl. ִמכְשֹׁלִיםJe 6:21 + Ez 21:20
MT ( Co al. ִים ְשׁל
ָ ֻמכ, v. infr. );— 1. stumbling , צוּר ם׳Is 8:14 ( fig. ) a rock
of stumbling (i.e. over which one stumbles); lit. ִים ַה ְרבֵּה ַה ִמּכְשֹׁלEz 21:20 an
abundance of stumblings, falls ( si vera l. ; οἱ ἀσθενου̂ντες , apar. reading pt. ,
cf. Sm ; so Co Da (as a possibility), i.e. ִים ְשׁל
ָ ֻמכHoph. Pt. of = כשׁלthose
who have stumbled or been overthrown ). 2. means , or occasion of stumbling,
stumbling-block; a. lit. Lv 19:14 . b. fig. of misfortune, calamity ψ 119:165 ; in
divine judgment Je 6:21 Ez 3:20 , as a hindrance to restoration of people Is 57:14 .
c. in ethical sense ֲוֹנָם
ם׳ עEz 7:19 a stumbling-block of (i.e. occasioning) their
iniquity , so 14:3 , 4 , 7 ; 18:30 ; 44:12 (mostly with ref. to idols). d. ֵב
ל ם׳ 1S
25:31 a stumbling-block of heart i.e. ground for remorse.
† ְשׁלָה
ֵ ַמכ S 4384
TWOT 1050d
GK 4843
n. f. 1. overthrown mass . 2.
stumbling-block ;— 1. fig. of kingdom Is 3:6 . 2. pl. ְשׁלוֹת
ֵ ַה ַמּכ Zp 1:3
stumbling-blocks = idols ( cf. ִמכְשׁוֹל2 c ), but rather dub. ; We thinks a gloss.
Schwally ZAW x. (1890), 169
reads ִי
ִשּׁ ְלתּ
ַ וְכand I will cause the wicked to stumble .
I. √ ( כשׁףof foll.; cf. Arabic cut off, cut up , Syriac to pray (lit. prob. to cut oneself ,
v. 1 K 18:28 ); so RS JPhil. xiv. 125, 126
Nö ZMG 1886, 723
; according to RS ֶשׁף
ֶ כּis
proposes herbs etc. shredded into a magic brew ) .
ֶ ֶ ֫כּS
† [ שׁף 3785
TWOT 1051a
GK 4176
] n. m. 2 K 9:22 sorcery , only pl. (
Assyrian kišpu , id. ) ;— ִים
ְשׁפ
ָ כּMi 5:11 Na 3:4 ; sf. ְשׁ ַפיְִך
ָ כּIs 47:9 , 12 ;
ְשׁפֶי ָה
ָ כּNa 3:4 2 K 9:22 ;— sorceries: 1. lit. וְ ִה ְכ ַרתִּי ם׳ ִמיָּדֶי ָךMi 5:11 , said of
Isr.; רֹב ך׳Is 47:9 , 12 ( || ךְִ) ֲח ָב ַרי, said of Babylon. 2. fig. of seductive and
corrupting influences: of Jezebel 2 K 9:22 ( || ;) זְנוּנִיםof Nineveh personif. as harlot
Na 3:4 ( || id. ), called ַת ך׳
ַבּ ֲעלv 4 (following ) זוֹנָה מֵרֹב זְנוּנֵי.
† ִשּׁף
ֵכּ vb. Pi. denom. practice sorcery ( Assyrian kašâpu , id. ) ;— Pf. 3 ms. :
ֵ ָשׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעוֹנִ֑י וְעוֹנֵן וְנִחֵשׁ וְכ
ִשּׁף ָ וְע2 Ch 33:6 (of Manasseh); elsewhere only Pt.
as subst. ms. sorcerer , in Israel, ַשּׁף ֵ ְמכDt 18:10 (following קֹסֵם ְק ָסמִים מְעוֹנֵן
;) וּ ְמנַחֵשׁfs. ַשּׁפָה
ֵ = ְמכsorceress Ex 22:17 ( E ); mpl. ַשּׁפִים ְ ְמכMal 3:5
(named with adulterers and false-swearers); of diviners, or astrologers in Egypt (
ַח ְר ֻטמִּיםq.v. ) Ex 7:11 ( P ; || ;) ֲח ָכמִיםin Babylon Dn 2:2 ( + ַח ְר ֻטמִּים, אַשּׁפִים
ָ ,
ַשׂדִּים
ְ ) כּ.
† [ ַשּׁף
ָ ] כּn. m. sorcerer , only pl. sf. ( Assyrian kaššapu , id. ; kaššaptu ,
sorceress ) ;— ֶם ַשּׁׁפֵי ֶכ֑ם אֶל־נְבִיאֵיכֶם וְאֶל־קֹ ְסמֵיכֶם וְאֶל חֲלֹמֹתֵיכ
ָ וְאֶל־כּ
ִשׁמְעוּ
ְ וְאֶל־עֹנֲנֵיכֶם אַל־תּJe 27:9 .
† ִשׁרוֹן
ְכּ S 3788
TWOT 1052b
GK 4179
n. [ m. ] skill, success ;— 1. skill ,
ִשׁר֑וֹן
ְ ְבּ ָח ְכמָה וּ ְב ַדעַת וּ ְבכ ִשׁרוֹן
ְ ֲשׂה כָּל־כּ
Ec 2:21 ; cstr. ֶ ַה ַמּע4:4 all skill of work
= skilful work. 2. success, profit , ה
ָ ִשׁרוֹן ִל ְב ָעלֶי
ְ וּמַה־כּEc 5:10 and what profit
have the owners of it?
† [ ָה
כּוֹשׁר
ָ S 3574
TWOT 1052a
GK 3938
] n. f. prosperity ( cf. , id. ). Only pl.
intens. ַכּוֹשׁר֑וֹת
ָ בּψ 68:7 he bringeth out captives into prosperity .
† כִּישׁוֹר S 3601
TWOT 1052c
GK 3969
n. [ m. ] distaff ( etym. dub. ; perhaps, if
meaning correct, from ( כשׁרcf. Sta § 216
Lag BN 182
) = be straight , because it
stands erect, De Str ; S industry; whence כּוּשׁרָא
ְ , and likewise ְשׁרָא
ְ כּוּנ
, also Pr 3:8 , (for Heb. ) שׁר, where Levy Wirbelsäule , Str ad loc. Jastr navel; but
֑ יָדֶי ָה ִשׁ ְלּחָה ַבכּ
Str doubts etymological connexion with —; ) כישׁורonly in ִישׁוֹר
Pr 31:19 ( || ְ׃
פָּֽ ֶלךwhirl of spindle).—As above De Now Str RV SS al. ; >
Ki AW Thes RobGes whirl of spindle ( AV spindle ); vid. ך ְ ֶפּ ֶל.
ָכּתַבS 3789
TWOT 1053
GK 4180
223 vb. write ( NH id. ; Ph. ; כתבAramaic ְכּתַב
, ; Nab. כתב, v. especially Nö in Eut Nab . p. 43 ; thence Arabic , Ethiopic book , Di
Lex. 852
(as loan- wds. , Frä 249 DHM VOJ i (1887), 29 ); MV Buhl comp. Arabic draw or
sew together, conjoin (letters), etc., cf. Fl ZMG 1873, 427 ) — Qal Pf. ך׳Jos 8:32 + ,
ָכּ ַת ְב ָתּJe 36:6 + , sf. וּ ְכ ַת ְבתָּםconsec. Dt 6:9 ; 11:20 , etc. ( Pf. 27 times); Impf.
יִכְתֹּבIs 44:5 , וַיִּכְתֹּבEx 24:4 + , etc. ( Impf. 39 times); Imv. כְּתֹבIs 8:1 + 5
times, ָב־ ְכּתEx 34:27 + 2 times; sf. ָכּ ְתבָהּIs 30:8 , ָכּ ְתבֵםPr 3:3 ; 7:3 ; pl. ִכּתְבוּ
Dt 31:9 + 3 times; Inf. abs. ָתוֹב כּJe 32:44 ; cstr. כְּתוֹבψ 87:8 , ִלכְתֹּבDt 31:24
Jos 18:8 ; sf. ְבוֹ ָכּתJe 45:1 ; Pt. act. כֹּתֵבJe 36:18 , pl. כֹּ ְתבִיםJe 32:12 Ne 10:1
; pass. (113 times), ָתוּב כּJos 1:8 + , f. כְּתוּבָה2 S 1:18 + , pl. כְּתוּבִים1 K 15:7 +
, ִים ְכּ ֻתב1 K 11:41 + ; fpl. כְּתוּבוֹת2 Ch 34:24 ;— 1. write: a. c. acc. , words Ex
34:27 , commandments 24:12 , etc., acc. cogn. מכתבEx 39:30 , cf. ָב ַכּ ִמּ ְכתּDt 10:4 ;
with ךּ
ְ , giving purport of writing, also Est 8:8 ; but obj. also a book, ֵספֶרEx 32:32
Dt 24:1 ; ָה
ְמגִלּJe 38:6 , cf. pt. pass. , ָפּנִים וְאָחוֹר וְהִיא כְּתוּבָה Ez 2:10 (of ; מגלה
i.e. written on both sides); a letter, ֶר