Anthropological

Foundation of
Education

Rhea Angel
Anthropology
Greek word –Anthrope - man + logy -
study= Science of man/ study of
mankind

-science that treats the origin,

development (physical, intellectual,
moral, etc.) and particularly the
cultural development, customs,
beliefs, etc of man.
 Branches of Anthropology
Anthropology
Physical
anthropolog
y Cultural anthropology
Man as
biological
animal
Linguistic Ethnology
s Arch
aeolo People’s cultures and
(Analysis of
Language gy Behaviours
)
Social
Anthropolog Ethnology
y (Scientific
description
(Development of and
scientific classifications
generalizations
about a culture,
of racial
society or groups of
personality in a mankind)
Of What use is Anthropology?

Reduces ethnocentrism

•Contributes to
education
Programs of aid in the military, economic
and political fields are evaluated through
Cultural Anthropology
 Focused on the study of cultural
variation among humans, collecting
data about the impact of global
economic and political processes on
local cultural realities.
 deals with man’s behavior and with
ways human beings carry out the
activities of daily living. The diversity
of human behavior is seen in: food
habits, ways food is cooked, habits of
dress and ornaments and relations
with in-laws
culture
 Dressler- a social heritage, transmitted
from one generation to another and
shared. –
 Consists of the sum total skills, beliefs,
knowledge, arts, laws, morals,
customs and products that are
commonly shared by a number of
people and transmitted to their
children.
 a. Dynamism
Static-Emphasizes cultural
transmission
• Eg. The same culture is passed from
one generation to generation

Dynamic- emphasizes change

• It goes through revision with each
generation
b. Characteristics
Learned- because of our intellect and
will
• Varied- Because our social and physical
nature varies from one place to another.

Group product – because culture consists of group habits

• Transmitted- because we are heir to our

social tradition
 c. Stability
• Culture is
stable satisfying the
group

• If culture doesn’t
satisfy the group
unstable • when violent conflict
occurs before
changes are made
d. Form

• tangible
Material • House, tools
etc.

• symbolic
Non • Folkways,custo
material ms, sentiments,
mores
e. Components

Values Beliefs
Idea of right of View of reality shared
wrong by a group

Behaviours Norms
Are observable Range of permissible
patterns of behaviour established
behavior by the group
f. Functions of culture

Communication
• Value standards

Approved behaviours
• Survival skills and knowledge

Identity and belonging

g. Universal pattern
 For example emotions and emotional
expressions are common across all
cultures so we all cry when we are sad
and laugh when we are happy. We
also have common attitudes and
opinions such as supportive views
towards honesty and we universally
detest crime.
 Universal pattern
Language and Speech

 Keesing - language is “a vocal

symbolism of speech, with its related
bodily gestures and mechanical
signals which give precision and
finesse to communication.”
 Beals and Hoijer - “a way of speaking,
distinct in every culture.”
 Universal pattern
Language and speech
Total languages spoken bet. 120-175. We have 80
languages which are Malayo Polynesian Language
(southeast asia)-Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, etc.
• Since 1938, our government had
established a national language which is
Tagalog. English is still our universal
language.
50% of the population speaks English and a native
language while for the educated Filipino, it is
common to be trilingual.
 Universal pattern
Art [dance/music/literature]
 Art serves as a medium for the
communication of ideas, attitudes and
values.
 Art conserves and reinforces beliefs,
customs, attitudes and values.
 The religious art in the architecture of
churches, the religious scenes, and
the images of saints create emotional
and intellectual atmosphere needed
for religious exercises.
 Universal pattern
Art
Literature is small but of high quality. Some
early literature are destroyed because

They were burned

They were written
by the early
on easy materials
Spanish friars
such as branch of
because of the
woods, stones,
idea that they
leaves, and etc...
were works of evil.
 Universal pattern
technology
 Other Pre-Spanish Filipino industries
included the manufacture of liquors
and vinegars like tuba, basi, etc,
export of edible bird's nests from
Northern Palawan to China, the
raising and trade of civet cats, the
manufacture of gunpowder, the
making of wax for export to China, and
the making of cotton stockings for
export.
 Universal pattern
Technology
 increase in the use of new information
technologies in education and training
stands out in the Philippines.
 The computer technology is used to
add a fun-element to education. And it
goes without saying that the Internet
has endowed education with
interactivity.
 Universal pattern
Property System
 This promotes conflict between the
rich and the poor
 Universal pattern
warfare

Examples:

Execution of the 3
friars (GUMBURZA)

KATIPUNAN by Andres
Bonifacio
 Universal pattern
Mythology and Science
 Myths and rituals are mostly
influenced by the Indians, such
“Bathala” and Mariyang Makiling.
 In 1865, studies of tropical typhoons
started in Manila
 In 1937, the national research council
of the Philippines explored the
physical, biological and social
sciences.
 Universal pattern
Family and Society
 Marriage is seen to be sacred
 The Barangay, which is the smallest
unit of social and political organization
is being led by the Maharlika or Datu,
Nobleman or close relatives of the
chief.
Supernatural BeliefsUniversal
(and pattern
Religion)

animism Mana

Prayer Magic

shamans priest
 Universal pattern
Political System
 Long ago, it was a “gobernacion” or a
territory administered by a governor
while the church as a “patronato real”
meaning they are led by a royal
patronage.
Historical foundation of
education in relation to Political
System
 Political system

Pre-spanish period
 Pre-Spanish Period- The early Filipinos
considered education as a way to
preserve their culture and transmit this
knowledge to future generations.
 -education was informal and
unstructured –babaylan –posses wisdom
and knowledge in spirituality and system
of governing their own society
 -children were provided with vocational
training and less academics by parents
and houses of tribal tutors
 Political system
Spanish Regime
 Schools were established with the
objective of rearing children to learn
skills acquired by the youth in Spain.
The educational system was under the
control of the Roman Catholic Church.
 education was “religion-centered”
 -education for the elite only
 - Spanish is compulsory
 - Boys and girls school are separated
 - Inadequate, suppressed and controlled
 Priests-educators
 Political system
Thomasites/American Era
 Education was a means by which
people can be oriented toward a
democratic way of life, they made
education accessible to all.
 American teachers –US civilian and
professional citizens- thomasites
 - free and compulsory elementary
 - English is the medium of instruction
 - 600 teachers from USA taught in
Philippines
 Political system
Filipinization of Instruction
 -Commonwealth era
 free public school system
 - assignment of Filipino secretary for
department of Instruction
 Political system
Japanese Educational
Policies
 Education was an instrument for
Filipino’s to embrace Japanese
ideologies. It promoted vocational
education and inspired people with the
spirit of labor
 creation of ministry of education
 - teaching of Tagalog, Phil. History and
Character Education
 Political system
TRIFOCAL EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM
 - DECS (Elementary and High School)
 - CHED – Higher Education
 - TESDA – Technology Based
Education
 Cultural implications on
Education
 Cultures differ and one should not judge
another culture by using his own culture
as basis.
 Travel, education, and reading about other
societies are ways of bringing about
tolerance and understanding between
nations.
 With more diffusion between cultures, one
global society may result. Unity in spite of
diversity
Cultural implications on
Education
 Since culture is made by man himself, he
should develop worthwhile values and
weed out those beliefs, mores,
superstitions, etc. that are detrimental to
progress.
 Since culture changes, the change
should be for the better and society
should decide what those changes
should be.
 The home, the school and the church
should guard against borrowing from
other cultures things that are against the
Technology on education
 The contemporary teacher must be
familiar with the new educational
technologies for delivering quality
teaching
 Educational technology can benefit
our country in enhancing education
through providing assistance to
students learning, teacher productivity
and by making schools more effective
instruments of change.
Implication of language and
speech to education
 A major tool to learning and basic
requirement to interpersonal
relationships.
 Means of preserving cultural heritage.
 Criterion that differentiates the
educated from the uneducated.
 The more languages a person knows,
the better educated he is and the
easier he can adjust to other people.
Thank you!!!