• Housing Delivery System in the Philippines

• Pre-War Period
• Daniel Burnham’s Master Plan for Manila 1904 – transformed the nipa communities into
barrios with sanitary facilities
• Pre-War Period
• 1920’s - “barrio obreros” or the working class districts were introduced

• 1933 – creation of a housing committee to undertake slum clearance and housing projects
• Pre-War Period
• 1938 – Social Justice Program of Pres. Quezon
– First gov’t. housing agency was created – People’s Homesite Corporation (PHC)
– Purchase of 1,600 has. in Diliman Estate for the proposed “model city”
• Post War Period
• 1945 – National Housing Corporation (NHC) was created
• 1946 – National Urban Planning Commission (NUPC) was created to rebuild the city after the
war.
• 1947 - People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) was created from the merging of
NHC and PHC
• Post War Period
• 1948 – R.A. 333 created the Capital City Planning Commission (CCPC) and declared Q.C. as the
capital of the Philippines.
• 1950 –E.0. 36 abolished NUPC and created the National Planning Commission
– Urban and regional planning
– Master plan for Manila
– Merged NUPC, CCPC, and Real Property Board
– Tondo Foreshore project
• Post War Period
• 1955 – R.A. 1400- “Agricultural Tenancy Act” or Land Reform Act of 1955
– Limited the size of large estates
– Resold as small landholdings to tenants
– Gave greater security against illegal eviction
• Post War Period
• R.A. 1400 also applied to large holdings in urban areas.
– Land Tenure Administration – also dealt with the squatter problem in the urban areas
• Post War Period
• 1956 - Creation of Home Financing Commission (HFC) – promote home building and land
ownership for low and middle income groups by providing mortgage insurance.
• 1957 – operationalization of SSS
• Post War Period
• 1954-1956 – Some 7,000 Huk families were resettled in Mindanao and Palawan
• Post War Period
• 1958 – U.N. made recommendations on the general housing policy and targets:
– Use of multi-storey for low income
– Better use of local bldg. materials
– Improvement of housing administration
– Revision of tax policies
– Control of squatters area
• Post War Period
• 1959 – A 2nd U.N. recommendation:
– Adoption of sound financing policy
– Formulation of a national housing policy that would check land cost inflation
– Reduction of construction cost
– Rehousing of squatters
– Provision of welfare houses for the indigent and low income groups
– Post War Period
• 1959 – R.A. 2264 “Local Autonomy Act” granted cities and municipalities power to enact zoning
and subdivision regulation w/ NPC as an advisory body.
• Marcos Era (New Society) 1965-1986
• Human settlements concept –
• Environment – covers the management of life-support systems
• Habitat – covers the provision and design of all kinds of shelters and structures for human
activities within various community patterns, including transportation, communication and
related infrastructure requirements
• Well-being – includes the provision of opportunities and accommodations for recreation, leisure
and art and culture development
• Marcos Era (New Society) 1965-1986
• Planning Programs created:
– National Human Settlement Planning Program
– Metro Manila Area Development Program
– Regional Monitoring and Planning Assistance Program
– Environmental Management Program
– Human Settlements Technology Program
• Marcos Era (New Society) 1965-1986
• Shanty Town Development – subdivision of shanty lots into serviced lots. (NHA & World Bank)
• Urban Bliss Development – vertical and horizontal physical maximization of urban land.
(Ministry of Human Settlements)
• Examples of Housing Projects (1940’s-1950’s)
• PHHC projects:
– Kamuning Housing Project (1940)
– Proj. 1, Roxas District (1949)
– Proj. 2, Quirino District (1951)
– Proj. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, in Q.C.
– Proj. 16, Caloocan City
• 1940s-1950s
• Mostly constructed in individual-type economic housing (w/ lots)
• Build-up was during the 1950s, the mid-forties having been interrupted by WWII.
• Examples of Housing Projects (1960s)
• Bagong Barangay Housing Project or Project 5 in Pandacan - first multi-storey tenement
housing project/ 17 three-storey buildings/ 483 apartment units
• Vitas Tenements,Tondo (1962) - 7 storeys/ 252 units
• Punta Tenement in Sta. Ana, Manila (1965) – Two 7-storeys / 672 units
• Fort Bonifacio Tenement, Taguig (1973) – 4 storeys / 98 units
• Tenement Design 1960s
• Typical design of tenements:
– Roof deck – drying areas and children’s play areas
– Balcony used as corridors
 – Ground floors – garbage incinerator and water pumps
– Floor Area – 27 sq.m.
– Concrete walls divided each unit
• 1960s
• Emergence of high-rise construction
• Precipitated by rising land prices
• Tondo, Sta. Ana, Fort Bonifacio tenements – not successful in terms of rental collections,
occupancy, and sanitation.
• Upper floor occupancy was negligible because of low water pressure and high climbing effort.
• Sanitation a problem with bigger size households crammed into small units (together with
freeloaders)
• Late 1960s
Social housing undertaken elsewhere:
• Cebu (squatter resettlement)
• Montalban (squatter resettlement and housing)
• Carmona (typhoon victims and cottage industries relocation)
• Tondo (squatter housing)
• Marcos Era
• Other Projects & Programs:
– KAPITBAHAYAN (1976) - sites and services in Tondo & Dagat-Dagatan
– PAMBANSANG BAGONG NAYON (1977) – NHA and LGU
– Creation of the Ministry of Human Settlements and Human Settlements Regulatory
Commission
– P.D. 757 created the NHA (1975)
– 1970s
NHA’s housing programs:
1. Construction of new housing units – mostly cluster dwellings, common areas, open spaces that
reinforced social interaction
– Kapitbahayan in Dagat-Dagatan
– Maharlika Village in Taguig
– Bagong Lipunan Condominium in Fort Bonifacio
– Bagong Nayon in Antipolo
– Pambansang Bagong Nayon Projects in Cebu, Marawi, Bacolod, Legaspi, and Tawi-Tawi
• 1970s
2. Slum Improvement and Upgrading of Sites and Services – on-site dev’t. that includes basic infra
facilities and services.
• Tondo Foreshore Development Project (pilot for slum development)
• Zonal Improvement Program (ZIP)
• Slum Improvement Program (SIP) – Baguio, Bacolod, Cebu, Zamboanga, Cagayan de Oro, and
Davao
• Paoay Lake Area Development Project and Tolosa Upgrading Project- rural upgrading and use of
indigenous construction materials
• 1970s
3. Sites and Services Development – resettlement sites in growth areas connected to urban
centers by transport network
– Dasmarinas,Bagong Bayan, and Carmona Resettlement Projects in Cavite
– San Pedro Resettlement Project in Laguna
– Sapang Palay in Bulacan
• Mid-1970s
• Emergence of organized communities tied to the anti-eviction efforts of the gov’t., i.e., ZOTO
(Zone One Tondo Organization)
• Important policy change declaring a maximum retention policy as an alternative to relocation
• 1980s
• NHA’s Joint Venture Program – LGU and Private Sector in subdivision development, apartment
financing, and dormitory construction
• NHA’s Self-Help Approach thru the Community Mortgage Program (CMP) – NHA originated
loans from NHMFC for organized communities to acquire land
• 1980s
• 1982 – renewed and determined effort at slum clearance and relocation initiated by FL Marcos.
• Post Marcos Period
• 1986 - Moratorium on demolition declared by Aquino only to be broken 1 wk. later (“danger
zones”)
• E.O. 90 created HUDCC and abolished the Ministry of Human Settlements
– Implementation of the National Shelter Program
• E.O. 648 created HLURB and abolished HSRC
• R.A. 8368 – repealed PD 772 “Penalizing Squatting & Other Similar Acts”
• 1990s
• New Dwelling Units Approach also renamed Completed Housing Program – mortgage take-out
scheme under the Unified Home Lending Program
• Smokey Mountain Development and Reclamation Project – MRB concept and pre-cast
structures
• Vitas MRBs,Tondo (1990)- used Canchela Shelter Components and Stacking Process

• 1990s
• PGMA’s program
– Monetizing Ph90 billion in mortgages thru an asset management company or outright
sale.
– North & South Rail Housing Projects (resettlement and relocation of 38,206 families
along the 80.29 km. rail)
• PNoy’s Strategies (2011-2016)
• RA 7718 (BOT Law) – Public –Private Partnership or PPP
• Joint Venture Agreement (JVA) bet. Gov’t. and Private Sector
• Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) & Disaster Risk Reduction Mitigation (DRRM) Design
Standards
• PNoy’s Strategies (2011-2016)
• Alternative housing technologies
• Use labor-intensive method wherever feasible
• Explore Vertical expansion
• Explore use of indigenous and recyclable materials
• Support LGU’s effort on land inventory (CLUP)
• Housing Issue
• The housing problem must not be understood in the sense that one does not have some form of
shelter for if taken in this context there may not be a real housing shortage.
• However, if the problem is viewed against certain acceptable standards of livability and shelter
there is certainly a shortage.
• Housing Issue
• Housing issue used as a political tool during elections
• Housing contracts given to developers as possible source of corruption
• Key Shelter Agencies
• HUDCC – Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
• NHA – National Housing Authority
• HLURB – Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
• NHMFC – National Home Mortgage Financing Corporation
• HDMF/ PAG-IBIG – Home Development Mutual Fund
• HGC – Home Guaranty Corporation
• HUDCC (E.O. 90)
• Highest policy making and coordinating office on shelter
• National Urban Policy Framework - special concern for the bottom 30% of the urban income-
earners
• AITECH Committee – Head of the AITECH (Accreditation of Indigenous Technologies for
Housing)
• NHA (E.O. 757)
• Joint venture arrangement (JVA) or private-public partnership (PPP)
• Provides technical assistance
• Resettlement and housing development policies/guidelines
• HLURB
• Planning
• Regulatory
• Quasi-judicial body (land use development, real estate & housing regulation)

• PD 957 (Subdivision and Condominium Buyer’s Protection Decree); approval of CLUPs, etc.
• NHMFC
• NHMFC-Community Mortgage Program (CMP)
• Mortgage financing program - to purchase and develop a piece of land
under the concept of community ownership
• Development of the secondary mortgage market system (SMMS) for housing
• HDMF/Pag-IBIG
Housing Loan - Retail
– Consolidated PAG-IBIG Housing Loan Program
– Rent-to-Own Program
– Housing Loan Restructuring and Penalty Condonation Program
– HDMF/Pag-IBIG
Housing Loan - Institutional
– Developmental Loan Program
– Program for the Development of Medium/High-Rise Condominium Bldg. (M/HRB)
Projects in Metro Manila and Highly Urbanized cities
– PAG-IBIG City Program
– Credit Facility for Private Developers
– PAG-IBIG Homes Direct Financing Program, etc.
• HGC
Guaranty Programs
– Development Loan Guaranty – development of subdivisions, townhouses, dormitories,
apartments and other residential dwellings.
 – Retail Loan Guaranty - for the purchase/acquisition of a single-family residence.

• HGC
Benefits of HGC Guaranty:
• Risk Cover - Guarantees the payment of housing credits and investments upon default by the
borrower
• SSS
Housing Loans
• Loan for Repairs and Improvement
• Corporate Housing Program
• Individual Housing
• Housing Development Loan
• Apartment and Dormitory Housing Loan for OFWs
• Housing Loan for Workers Organization
• Direct Housing Development Loan
• GSIS
• Bahay Ko Housing Program
• Loans for Acquisition, Home Improvement and Repairs, Home Refinancing
• Delivery Schemes and Approaches
• DIRECT DELIVERY (NHA)
• Project planning, financing,
• implementation /contract supervision, and disposition of housing units
• When there are no potential partners, either government or private, or where the magnitude of
the project is beyond local capabilities and for major projects of national concern.
• Housing Delivery Schemes and Approaches
• JOINT VENTURE WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR
– The Sites-and- Services Development
– Core Housing
– Medium Rise Private Housing Programs
• Delivery Schemes and Approaches
• JOINT VENTURE WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS (LGUs)
• NHA’s Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP) to LGUs
• Socialized housing projects
• NHA - technical assistance to LGUs
• LGU- provides the site and funds for development
• Delivery Schemes and Approaches
• JOINT VENTURE WITH NGOs AND POs
• Community-based approaches such as:
– Land Tenure Assistance Program (LTAP)
– Community Mortgage Program (CMP)
– Community Land Acquisition Support Program
– Cooperative Housing Program
• Slum Upgrading - acquisition and/or on-site improvement of occupied lands through bldg. of
roads or alleys and basic services such as water and power (i.e., reblocking)
• Sites and Services Development - acquisition and development of rawland into affordable
serviced homelots.
• Core Housing - acquisition and development of raw land as well as the construction of serviced
lots with core housing
 – For low-salaried government and private sector employees.
• Implemented under a joint venture arrangement with the private sector or LGUs.
• Medium Rise Housing (MRB) - in-city housing for the construction of three-to five-storey
buildings.
• The Medium Rise Public Housing Program (NHA) - units are made available under lease
arrangement (usufruct).

• The Medium Rise Private Housing Program (NHA or JVA with other government agencies
and/or the Private Sector) Tenure is on ownership basis.
• Community-Based Housing Programs
• Tenurial Assistance
– Land Tenure Assistance Program (LTAP)
– Community Mortgage Program (CMP)
– Community Land Acquisition Support Program (CLASP)
• Community Mortgage Program (CMP)
• Mortgage payments as rentals
• Individual titles given after beneficiary has fully paid the loan
• They can gradually improve this lot, the facilities available on it, and their own homes based on
their “capacity to pay”.
• CMP
• The LGU or an NGO can assist the community association in setting up its organizational
systems for the housing project as well as provide technical assistance in the preparation and
submission of required documents.
• National Shelter Program
• Housing Program for 2005-2010
• National Housing Situation
• Phil. has one of the highest urban growth rates in the developing world —from 1960-1995, it
reached 5.1 percent.
• This is attributed to three forces:
– a high national birth rate,
– migration from rural to urban areas;
– and the premature reclassification of rural areas with population densities higher than
traditional rural areas into “urban.”
• Statistics (2000 Census)
• Population growth rate is 2.36%
• Average household size is 5
• Population will double in 29 yrs.
• More than half of Filipinos reside in Luzon
• NCR is the most densely populated region
• Statistics (2000 Census)
• Poverty incidence is 40% of the total population
• 20% of the total population in Metro Manila live below the poverty threshold (1.98M people)
• 35% of the total population in Metro Manila live in informal slum settlements (3.6M people)
• Definitions
Shelter Method in
Computing Housing Need :
• HUDCC Utilizes the UN Shelter Method
where:
 Housing Need = Backlog + New Households
• Definitions
Displaced Units - Units to replace those units:
• In danger areas
• On lands earmarked for gov't. infrastructure
• In areas where there is a court order for eviction and demolition
Double Occupancy
• Dwelling units which are shared by 2 or more households
• Definitions
• Backlog
– Double occupancy
– Displaced units
– Homeless
– Upgrading
• New Households
– Number of Households formed due to population increase
• Total Housing Need 2011-2016
• Direct Housing Accomplishment 2004-2010
• Indirect Housing Accomplishment 2004-2010
• Proportion of Households in Informal Settlements 2000-2006
• Key Challenges
1. Expanding private sector participation in socialized housing financing and construction.
• “Supply-driven” housing policy has resulted in the accumulation of about 100,000 unoccupied
dwelling units over the years.
• Key Challenges
2. Effective programs are better implemented at the local level, under a decentralized framework,
where national agencies and private sector groups as well as NGOs work to support the LGUs’
housing projects for various clientele.
• Key Challenges
3. Strengthening the capacity of housing institutions.
• Cut the “red tape” in the system - At present, processing time for permits has been reduced
from 90 days to 30-45 days, required signatures from 288 to 40, housing loan applications are
processed within seven days, while requirements under the CMP have been reduced from 56 to
18 requirements.
• Better coordination of agencies
• Improve LGU capability
• Strategies
1. Expand private sector participation in socialized housing finance and construction
• Development of the secondary mortgage market (NHMFC, HGC)
• JV arrangements
• Dispose assets and NPL to generate funds
• Strategies
• Improve the security of tenure of households, improve land registration process, and adopt and
develop innovative tenure arrangements to address the affordability factor
• Develop new centers for housing in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
• Strategies
2. Continue to address the housing requirements of the formal and informal sectors particularly
the socialized and low-cost housing categories
• Support LGUs and private sector-led housing programs;
• Legislate creation of Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC)
• Strategies
• Relocate informal settlers occupying danger areas/disaster-prone areas/environmentally-
critical areas in a just and humane manner (RA 7279);
• Strategies
3. Strengthen the institutional capacity of the housing agencies
• Elevate the HUDCC into the Department of Housing and Urban Development (DHUD)
• Pursue organizational restructuring and streamlining for cost-effective and efficient
management
• Enhance collection efficiency and servicing of housing loans.
• Strategies
4. Enhance the capacity of LGUs
• More authority, responsibility and accountability to LGUs in urban development, planning,
finance, implementation and management in the delivery of housing and urban services.
• Strategies
• Establish Local Housing Boards in every city and municipality.
• Further streamline the processes in securing permits and licenses for housing and land
developments, as well as in securing housing loans.