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DB Topic 1
DB Topic 1
DB Topic 1
Database Fundamentals
Databases
Topic 1:
Introduction to the Module and Database
Fundamentals
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic, students will be able to:
• Give a definition of what a database is
• Give examples of databases in use
• Distinguish between data and information
List of Topics
1 Introduction to the module and database fundamentals
2 Databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS)
3 Entity Relationship (ER) Modelling (1)
4 Entity Relationship (ER) Modelling (2)
5 The relational model (1)
6 The relational model (2)
The relational model (2)
7 SQL (1)
8 SQL (2)
9 Database Design
10 Supporting transactions
11 Database implementation
12 Summary
Pedagogic Approach
• Lectures - 2 hours
• Tutorials - 1 hour
• Workshops - Beginning with 1 hour and then
movingg to 2 hours
• Private study - approximately 7 hours
Assessment
• Examination 75%
• Assignment 25%
Examples of Use
• Supermarket checkout
• Purchasing using a credit card
• Booking a holiday
• Using
g a library
y
• Taking out insurance
• Obtaining a passport or other official document
• Using the Internet
• Studying at college or university
Health Insurance - 1
Personal Data Type of Holiday
Health Where? How long?
Age Type of Activities.
Personal
Data
Type of Insurance
Required?
Insurance
Data
Health Insurance - 2
• To match a person to the right insurance policy:
– Collate the relevant data about the person
– Store this data somewhere
– Match the data to data about types of insurance
– If searching from more than one company, then this
might be on multiple databases
– Matching people to insurance might use an Expert
System.
What is a database?
• “A database is a computerised record keeping
system”
Database Functions
• Databases should be able to:
– Store
– Manipulate
– Retrieve
Database Size - 1
• Databases range in size:
– Single user databases on a PC
– Small office database with everyone doing the
same sorts of tasks
– Medium size database system with core data but
people doing different tasks
– Corporate databases spread over many sites
– Very large databases and data-warehouses
Database Size - 2
• They can be very large:
– The Wal-Mart data warehouse was (as of 2004)
about 500 tera-bytes in size
– To put this into perspective: 1 tera-byte
tera byte, if it was
just holding text, would be able to hold over 200
million pages of text!
Hoffer,J.,
, , Ramesh,, V. and Toppi,
pp , H. (2010).
( ) Modern
Database Management, 10th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Organised
• Data is structured so as to be easily stored,
manipulated and retrieved by users.
• It is no good just having some data if we don’t
know how to get it in order to look at it and use it.
Related
• Pieces of data do not exist in isolation
• For example:
– In a salesperson’s database, it is natural for the
customer’s name and the customer’s address to be
stored together
– They are related
– Together, with other data about the customer, they
are part of a meaningful set
Information
• Data that has been processed and given
meaning
Class list for Databases Module
Autumn Semester 2010
Student Name Student ID Date of Birth
Kenneth Baker 98778373 19th Jan 1980
Ammena Bagum 97327627 1st Feb 1981
Sarah Ako 98737373 8th Aug 1981
Clive Finkle 93838383 9th Sep 1981
Debra McFarren 98383837 1st Jan 1981
Douglas Sinseros 99344222 27th May 1980
Information is Important
• Economically
• Politically
• Personally
References
• Chapter 1 of Connolly, T and Begg, C (2009). Database
Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and
Management 5th Edition. Addison Wesley
• Chapter 1 of Date, C.J. (2003). An Introduction to Database
Systems 8th Edition. Pearson Education
• Chapter 1 of Hoffer,J., Ramesh, V. and Toppi, H. (2010).
Management, 10th Edition.
Modern Database Management Edition Pearson Prentice
Hall.
• Schuman, E. (2004). At WalMart, World’s Largest Retail Data
Warehouse Gets Even Bigger. E-week.com 13/10/2004
[Available Online] http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Enterprise-
Applications/At-WalMart-Worlds-Largest-Retail-Data-
Warehouse-Gets-Even-Larger/
Any Questions?