Topic 1 - General Physics Revision

PHYSICS 0625/31
Extended 1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a rocket-powered sled travelling along a straight track. The sled is used to test
components before they are sent into space.

sled
track

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the sled from time t = 0 s.

1000

800
speed
m/s 600

400

200

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) On Fig. 1.2, mark a point labelled P to indicate a time when the acceleration of the sled is not
constant. [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the sled at t = 1.0 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the sled between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]
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(c) The resultant force acting on the sled remains constant during the test.

Suggest why the acceleration of the sled is not constant.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 6]

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2 (a) (i) Mass is a scalar quantity.

State another scalar quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Force is a vector quantity.

State another vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A boat is floating on still water.

The mass of the boat is 290 000 kg. A resultant force of 50 kN acts on the boat.

Calculate the acceleration of the boat.

acceleration = ...........................................................[3]

(c) Fig. 2.1, not to scale, shows the view from above of the boat, now on a fast-flowing river. The
boat accelerates.

Two forces are shown acting on the boat. The resultant of these forces is at right angles to the
river banks.

river bank

direction of
force from
engine
direction of
river current
direction of boat
force on boat
from river
current

river bank

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

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Fig. 2.2 is an incomplete vector diagram of the forces acting on the boat.

resultant force

force from river current

Fig. 2.2

The force from the river current is 80 kN.

(i) Determine the scale that has been used in the vector diagram.

scale is ...............................................................

(ii) On Fig. 2.2, complete the vector diagram to determine the magnitude and direction of the
force from the engine. Measure the angle between the direction of the current and the
force from the engine.

magnitude of force from engine = ...............................................................

angle = ...............................................................
[4]

[Total: 9]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a skier taking part in a downhill race.

Fig. 3.1

(a) The mass of the skier, including his equipment, is 75 kg. In the ski race, the total vertical
change in height is 880 m.

Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the skier.

decrease in g.p.e. = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The skier starts from rest. The total distance travelled by the skier during the descent is
2800 m. The average resistive force on the skier is 220 N.

Calculate

(i) the work done against the resistive force,

work done = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the kinetic energy of the skier as he crosses the finishing line at the end of the race.

kinetic energy = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Suggest why the skier bends his body as shown in Fig. 3.1.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]
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4 A comet, travelling in space, enters the atmosphere of a planet.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the comet from time t = 0 s.

40 000

speed
m/s 30 000

20 000

10 000

0
0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) During the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s, both the speed of the comet and the velocity of the
comet remain constant.

State what this suggests about the motion of the comet.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled during the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Explain what the graph shows about the motion of the comet during the period t = 6.0 s to
t = 10.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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(c) Determine the acceleration of the comet at t = 11.0 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(d) Suggest what happens to the comet at t = 12.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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5 A student wishes to find the volume of a piece of wood of irregular shape. Her experiment requires
the use of a small brass object of mass 200 g.

(a) Calculate the volume of the brass object. The density of brass is 8.4 g / cm3.

volume = ...........................................................[2]

(b) To find the volume of the piece of wood, the student has a measuring cylinder, a supply of
water and the brass object in (a). The piece of wood and the brass object are small enough to
be placed in the measuring cylinder.

(i) The piece of wood does not sink in water.

Suggest why.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe what the student does to find the volume of the piece of wood, stating the
measurements that she makes and any calculations required.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 7]
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6 (a) (i) Define power.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) In the following list, tick the two boxes next to the two quantities needed to calculate the
work done on an object.

mass of the object

force acting on the object

speed of the object

acceleration of the object

distance moved by the object [1]

(b) A lift (elevator) in a high building transports 12 passengers, each of mass 65 kg, through a
vertical height of 150 m in a time of 64 s.

(i) Calculate the power needed to transport the passengers through this height.

power = ...........................................................[4]

(ii) The lift (elevator) is driven by an electric motor.

State a reason, other than friction, why the power supplied by the motor is greater than
the power needed to transport the passengers.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

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7 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a top view of a tourist vehicle in a game park and two elephants pushing
against the vehicle. The two forces indicated are at right angles to each other.

vehicle

4.0 kN

6.0 kN

elephant

elephant

Fig. 4.1

In the space below, draw a scale vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant
force. Label the two forces applied and the resultant, and clearly state the scale you use.

magnitude of resultant force = ...........................................................[3]

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(b) Fig. 4.2 shows another elephant pushing horizontally against a vehicle with a force of 11 kN at
a distance 1.8 m above the ground. Point M is the centre of mass of the vehicle.

elephant
vehicle

11 kN
M
1.8 m

A
1.25 m

Fig. 4.2

(i) Calculate the moment about point A of the force exerted by the elephant.

moment = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The mass of the vehicle is 1900 kg, and it does not slide when pushed by the elephant.

Determine whether the elephant tips the vehicle over. Show your working.

calculation

conclusion .....................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

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8 A plastic ball is dropped from the balcony of a tall building and falls towards the ground in a straight
line.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the falling ball.

8.0

speed
m/s
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) State and explain, in terms of forces, what is happening to the speed of the ball between time
t = 2.0 s and t = 3.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) On Fig. 1.1, mark a point P on the line where the acceleration of the ball is not constant. [1]

(c) Using Fig. 1.1,

(i) calculate the acceleration of the ball between t = 0 s and t = 0.25 s,

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) estimate the distance that the ball falls in the first 3.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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9 A student has 500 identical, rectangular sheets of paper. The mass of 1.0 m2 of the paper is
0.080 kg.

(a) Using a metre rule, she measures the length of one sheet of paper and its width. The length is
0.300 m and the width is 0.210 m.

(i) Calculate the mass of one sheet of paper.

mass = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) The student makes a single pile of the 500 sheets of paper.

With a metre rule, she measures the height of the pile. The height of the pile is 0.048 m.

Calculate the density of the paper.

density = ...........................................................[3]

(b) A second student has only 5 sheets of the same type of paper.

Suggest how this student determines the density of the paper to a similar accuracy. Additional
apparatus may be used.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

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10 Fig. 3.1 shows part of the extension-load graph for a spring.

extension / cm

3.0
B

A
0
0 12.0
load / N

Fig. 3.1

The spring obeys Hooke’s law between points A and B.

(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, complete the graph between A and B. [1]

(ii) State the name of point B.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The average value of the load between A and B is 6.0 N.

Calculate the work done in extending the spring from A to B.

work done = ...........................................................[2]

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(c) The spring has an unstretched length of 4.0 cm.

An object is hung on the spring and the spring length increases from 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm.

(i) Calculate the mass of the object.

mass = ...........................................................[3]

(ii) The object is immersed in a liquid but remains suspended from the spring.

The liquid exerts an upward force on the object and the length of the spring decreases
to 5.0 cm.

Calculate the upward force exerted on the object by the liquid.

upward force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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11 A soft rubber ball of mass 0.15 kg is dropped, in a vacuum, from a height of 2.0 m on to a hard
surface. The ball then bounces.

(a) State the main energy changes taking place when

(i) the ball is falling,

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) the ball hits the surface and is changing shape,

...........................................................................................................................................

(iii) the ball is regaining its shape and is rising from the surface.

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Calculate the speed with which the ball hits the surface.

speed = .......................................................... [4]

(c) After rebounding from the surface, the ball rises to a height of 1.9 m.

Suggest why the height to which the ball rises is less than the height from which the ball falls.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
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12 (a) A large stone, initially at rest, falls from the top of a building. The stone takes 3.2 s to fall to the
ground. For this stone, air resistance can be ignored.

(i) Stating the formula that you use, show that the speed of the stone when it hits the ground
is 32 m / s.

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the fall of the stone. Label with an X the line
on the graph. [1]

40

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(iii) Use the graph in (ii) to determine the height of the building.

height = ........................................................ [2]

(b) A smaller stone than the stone in (a) falls from the same building. This stone is affected by air
resistance.

(i) What happens to the air resistance as the stone falls? Underline your choice of answer.

Air resistance decreases. Air resistance is constant. Air resistance increases. [1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw a possible speed-time graph for the fall of this stone. Label with a Y this
line on the graph. [3]
[Total: 8]
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13 The rocket shown in Fig. 2.1 is about to be launched.

rocket

Fig. 2.1

The total mass of the rocket and its full load of fuel is 2.8 × 106 kg. The constant force provided by
the rocket’s motors is 3.2 × 107 N.

(a) Calculate

(i) the total weight of the rocket and the fuel,

weight = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the rocket,

resultant force = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) the vertical acceleration of the rocket immediately after lift-off.

acceleration = ........................................................ [2]

(b) Suggest why the acceleration of the rocket increases as it rises above the Earth’s surface.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
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14 (a) Complete the following statement.

An object is in equilibrium when both the .................................................................. and the

.................................................................. on the object are zero. [2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a ladder AB. End A of the ladder rests against a vertical wall. End B rests on
rough ground.

A F

ladder

wall
3.2 m

1.2 m
P
B ground

240 N

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.1 shows two of the forces acting on the ladder. The only force on the ladder at A is F,
which acts at right-angles to the wall. The weight of the ladder is 240 N acting at the centre of
mass of the ladder.

(i) 1. Calculate the moment of the weight of the ladder about point B.

moment = ........................................................ [1]

2. Write an expression, in terms of F, for the moment of F about point B.

moment = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) Use your answers from (i) to calculate F.

F = ........................................................ [2]
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(iii) Explain why there must be an upwards force acting on the ladder at B.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

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15 A scientist finds that the temperature of the water at the bottom of waterfalls is greater than the
temperature of the water at the tops of those waterfalls.

(a) (i) State the type of energy that falling water has because of its motion.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) In one waterfall, the water falls 300 m.

Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of 1.0 kg of water as it
falls through this distance.

decrease in g.p.e. = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) Assume that the increase in internal energy of the 1.0 kg of water is equal to its decrease
in g.p.e.

Calculate the rise in temperature of the water. The specific heat capacity of water is
4200 J / (kg °C).

rise in temperature = ........................................................ [2]

(iv) Suggest a reason why the actual increase in temperature of the water is less than the
value calculated in (a)(iii).

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State why the thermometer used to measure the temperature of the water in the scientist’s
experiment required a high sensitivity.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]