SUMMARY

 Bill Joy
- Is an American computer engineer.
- In April 2000 he published a much-discussed essay titled, “Why the Future Doesn’t Need
Us,” in which he argued that computer technology has the potential to destroy humanity.
- Joy’s worries focus on the transforming technologies of the 21st century—genetics,
nanotechnology, and robotics (GNR).
 Genetic Engineering
- Genetic engineering, the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA
or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism.
 Genetic Engineering and Food
- Genetic engineering enabled scientists to choose the traits that is desirable for an organism,
like food.
- Gene Flow happens when a GM crops mix with traditional crops and introduce unwanted
new characteristics into them.
- GM crops that are destined to be eaten are checked for possible dangers, and the results are
evaluated by multiple agencies.
 Genetic Engineering and Diseases
- CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology is a
simple yet powerful tool for editing genomes. It allows researchers to easily alter DNA
sequences and modify gene function. Its many potential applications include correcting
genetic defects, treating and preventing the spread of diseases.
 PROS of Genetic Engineering
- It can combat diseases
- It can potentially increase lifespans
- It can make disease resistant plants
- It can increase the nutritional content of food
- It can increase crop yields
 CONS of Genetic Engineering
- It is morally and ethically dubious
- It can disrupt the ecological balance
- There is no adequate government oversight
- It increase the use of harmful chemicals in agriculture
- It undermines genetic diversity
 Argument of Bill Joy on Genetic Engineering
- So are we luddites if we oppose to Genetic Engineering, Bill Joy stated that we are not
because we certainly need Genetic Engineering to improve our living but the general public
should become aware of the profound ethical and moral issues that Genetic Engineering
face, especially in cloning. Joy hopes that we humans as a precious being should care for
the essence of our humanity.
Artificial intelligence - makes it possible for machines to learn on their own and perform human like task.

How does artificial intelligence works??

1st- Ask question- the process starts with "asking question" that the system has to answer

2nd- Input data- This process is focused on providing inputs or information that are correlated to the
question being asked during the first process. Data's installed on this stage is very crucial to the learning
process of the system.

3rd- Self learning- Now that the system already have the data it needs, it will now undergo deep self-
learning. Where the system will process and analyze all the data in able to answer the question being
asked to it.

4th- Output- This is the stage where the system will provide output or answer to the question being
asked during the first stage. If the output is correct, it will be the final outcome of the simulation but if
not the next process will takes place.

5th- Give feedback- This stage is focused on providing feedback to the system indicating it's incorrect
output, additional information or data could also be provided on this stage.

6th-Use feedback- The system will use the feedback and additional information given during the 6th
process for deep self-learning until it gives a correct output.

Characteristics of Artificial intelligence

 Error free
 Faster information processing
 Objective
Characteristics of Human Intelligence

 Multitasking
 Innovation
 Flexibility

Nanotechnology

Nano- Is a prefix meaning “extremely small.”

Greek word “nanos,” meaning “dwarf.”

Technology

-The application of scientific knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools.

Nanotechnology
-Is the study of manipulating matter on a nanoscale.

Nanometer- is one billionth of a meter.

Dr. Richard P. Feynman

-Famous professor of physics who presented the concept of nanotechnology in 1959

Heinrich Rohrer

-Father of Nanotechnology

-Winner of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for his Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

Norio Taniguchi

The first to coined the term “Nano-technology”

Nanotechnologies for Flexible electronics

-Nanomaterials are playing a vital role in the development of flexible electronics by manipulating the
nanoscale structure of materials

Military Equipment

-Nanotechnology has the potential to influence warfare technology in number of ways. Lighter,
stronger, heat resistant nanomaterial could be used in manufacturing all types of war-like equipment.

Nanomedicine

-Is the medical application of nanotechnology