Paver and Screed Operation

Paving Principles
Paver and screed operation
John Sunkenberg
Volvo Construction Eqt
Paver Units: The Paver Finisher is Comprised of Two Units:
Tractor
Screed
Volvo Construction Equipment
Paving Principles
Types of Tractor:
10ft Track / Wheeled - Highway Class
8ft Track / Wheeled – Utility Class

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How Does a Paver Work?
Material Flow Path Through the Paver
Hopper
Conveyors
Augers
Screed
Fresh Mat

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The Paver Utilizes a Free Floating Screed Principle
It means that:
The Screed,
which is being
towed along by
the tractor is
lowered and
held down onto
the mat by its
own weight
And is supported by the quality or stability of the material that it’s laying

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This Free Floating action provides a smooth surface finish by allowing
the screed to ride over high spots & fill low spots in the base
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Let’s see what happens if we attempt
to lay over an uneven base
We see a condition in the mat known as:
Differential Compaction

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Differential Compaction
Mat Profile After Compaction is Greatly
Improved Compared to the Original
Base Profile
Freshly Placed Mat
15% Compaction From Roller

Leveling Course
Milled Surface
Original Uneven Base

15 m (50 ft)
The more layers that are laid: the better the surface finish
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To get a good surface finish…….
…..We must start with a good base

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Creating Differential Compaction Through Spillage

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Types of Screed:
Omni 318

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Omni 1000
• Rear Mounted Extensions

• Hydraulic Depth Cranks
• Vibrating Only

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Primary Functions of the Tractor
1. Pulls the screed
2. Pushes the truck
3. Provides a flow path

for the material
4. Provides the power

to operate the paver
5. Provides an operator’s
position

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Primary Functions of the Screed
1. Lays material to accurate

widths, depths and profiles
2. Provides pre-compaction to
the mat
3. Smoothes and seals the

mat
4. Provides the screed

operator with a platform so he
can control screed position
and material flow rate

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Tracks Versus Wheels
Tracked Paver
Advantages
1. Excellent Floatation
2. Lower Ground Bearing

Pressure
3. Excellent Traction
Disadvantages
4. Lays material to Maximum
1. Less Mobile, Needs Transporting Widths and Depths
2. Higher Initial Purchase Costs 5. Flexible Track Allows Acceptable

On-Site Speeds & Ride Comfort
3. Higher Maintenance Costs

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Tracks Versus Wheels
Wheeled Paver
Advantages
1. Mobility
2. On-Site Speed
Disadvantages 3. Maintenance Costs are Less
1. Center Point Wheel Load

4. Familiar Controls
2. May Spin on Loose Surfaces or Heavy Tack Coated Surfaces
3. Risk of Punctures, Loss of Air, Ballast

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What is Meant by Profiles?
Screed Profiles
Omni 318 - Level

5.64 m (18.5 ft)
Omni 318 -
Crowned & Sloped

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Basic Mat Profiles
Flat Surface
Slope Right or Left
Wedge Right or Left
Positive Crown
Negative Crown or Swale
Main Line & Shoulder

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Crowning Mechanisms
Omni 318 Hydraulic Power Crown

Wedge Lock Mechanical Crown
Incorporates a hydraulic motor and a brake.
Brake is released simultaneously as crown switch
is operated

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How Does the Screed Achieve
Pre-Compaction?
Achieving Pre-Compaction
Screed Weight
Forward Motion
Vibration
Screed Heating
Angle of Attack

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Vibration
Vibrator Shaft & Counter Weights

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Vibrator Shaft Showing Weights
Weight Adjustment Positions
Factory Setting

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The Compaction Factor
75%
84%
All figures are approximate
93 - 97%
Percentage of Maximum Theoretical Density -

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Allow Approximately 25% or 1/4 Inch per Inch
Screed Heating
Blaw-Knox Screed Heating Systems
1. Electric
2. Diesel (Minimum)

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Heater Bars

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Diesel Heating

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Dangers of Overheating
1.Warped screed plates & frames
2. Inability to lay quality mats
3. Broken screed frame welds
4. Difficulty in replacing screed plates

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Controlling Mat Thickness
Adjusting the ‘Angle of Attack’
Methods of Varying
The Angle of Attack
Manually by Use of Depth

Cranks
Automatically - Use of Tow Point

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Changing the Angle of Attack - Increasing

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Changing the Angle of Attack- Decreasing

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The Factors Affecting Screed
Performance
&
Methods of Controlling Those Factors
What can you do as a crew?
Factor Affecting the Screed
Factor No 4:
Screed Weight
Factor No 3:
Paving Speed
Factor No 2:
Head of Material
Factor No 1:
Angle of Attack
Factor No 5:
Material Stability

Paving Principles
Balancing the Factors
Factor No 3:
Paving Speed
Factor No 2:
Head of Material
Factor No 1:
Angle of Attack
Angle of Attack + Head of Material = Horizontal Resistance to Paving Speed
Any variation in these three factors will affect this balance and may cause undesired screed reactions

Paving Principles
FACTOR NUMBER 1.
Angle of Attack
Angle of Attack
Definition:
Angle made by the screed plate to the mat with which it is paving.

Paving Principles
Factors Determining the Angle of Attack
• Mat Depth
• Screed Weight
• Material Stability
• Screed Plate Depth (front to back)
Other factors which may affect the Angle of Attack:

Mat & Screed Temperature, Material Type, Nominal Aggregate Size, Varying
Paving Speed, Varying Head of Material,

Paving Principles
Setting Up the Screed 1. Lower screed to reference
2. Center tow points
3. Null screed (Cranks are relaxed)
4. Turn cranks two turns CCW
5. Pave & readjust ‘on the

Paving Principles
Nulling the Screed for Support the Screed throughout
it’s width using wood starting
work blocks or lathes. Center tow
point cylinders.
Null the screed by turning the depth cranks CW until the screed rests on the blocks
and the cranks become loose. Turn cranks CCW approximately two turns to raise the
front of the screed and set the angle of attack ready for laying.
Readjust as necessary ‘On the Go’ and refer to angle of attack gauge.
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Checking screed profile using a string
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line
Check extension is flat with main screed.
There should be no angle of attack
difference between extension and main
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Set pre - strike off to 1/8’’
(3mm) above extension
screed plate

Paving Principles
Set extension strike off 3/8’’
(10mm) above extension
screed plate

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Checking angle of attack
Turn Clockwise for Positive Angle of attack
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All screeds if not set up
correctly may leave shadows
in the mat
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Extension Mat Height
(Remember Material Makes Density )
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Manual Adjustment of the Angle of Attack

Paving Principles
Methods of Changing the Angle of Attack
Manual using Depth Crank
Automatically using grade sensors or switching tow point manually
Changing Line of Pull

Paving Principles
On the Go Mat Depth Check & Adjustment
Dip the mat
several times to
determine the
average mat
thickness
Adjust angle of
attack or mat
depth as required
Avoid
overcorrection

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Screed Ratio
1:1 Ratio 8:1
25 mm or
1 inch here
Pivot Point 3 mm or 1/8 inch here

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What is a Tow Length?
Approx 4m (13.5 ft)
Manual Control by
use of depth cranks
Tow Point not
used
Automatic Control
using grade sensors
Tow Point adjustable

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Original
Reaction of the Screed
Screed Level
Over One Tow Length
80%
67% % of Change Remaining
Vertical 55%
50%
45%
Displacement
37%
Note:
Vertical Displacement Decreases by 1/2 for each
2/3 Tow Length
New screed level after
several tow lengths
66.6%
0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
One Tow Length (3m -10ft)

Paving Principles
Original
Reaction of the Screed
Screed Level
Over Five Tow Lengths
100%
Vertical % of Change Remaining

Displacement 37%
14%
5% New Screed Level

2%
0.7%
0 1 2 3 4 5
Five Tow Lengths
Paving Principles
Problems that May Cause Variations in
Angle of Attack
1. Over Correction of Hand or Automatic Controls
2. Over Sensitive Automatic Controls
3. Worn Screed Components
4. Poor Screed Maintenance
5. Cold Screed

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Joint Matching - Contact Grade Sensor

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Use of Automatic Level Controls - Ultrasonic Grade Sensor
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Mobile Reference Beam 30ft (9m)

The Grade sensor must be set at the center of the beam
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Screed Designs
300
318
306
Ultimat
1000

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FACTOR NUMBER 2.
Head of Material
Head of Material

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Head of Material Control
Starts Here
The Auger Assembly
The Receiving Hopper
To be efficient the system should

remain full and be running
approximately 90% of the paving
time
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Auger
Overload???
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Varying the Head of Material
Increased Depth Head of Material

Decreased Density Too High
Decreased Depth
Increased Density Head of Material Too
Low

Paving Principles
Add auger
extensions
where possible!

Paving Principles
What Happened Here?
Hole in the side of the mat is the

Volvo Construction Equipment first sign of an empty hopper
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Auger/ Conveyor Overview
Hopper at Least 1/3 Full
Conveyors Kept Filled
Augers Built to Suit

Width of Screed -
Material Level with
Auger Shaft

Paving Principles
Methods Used to Assist the Screed Person to
Control the Head of Material
Flow Gate Positioning
Adjust gates to maintain material level in the auger box at auger shaft height.
Gates have indicators marked from 1 to 12
For standard paving widths adjust gates to

suit material nominal size maybe in the
mid range
For extended paving widths a lower gate

position is called for to allow material time
to be augered from the end of the
Gates as installed on older style pavers conveyor shaft to the outer edges of the
screed without overloading the center
Not PF6000 Series

Paving Principles
Separated Auger & Conveyor System
Auger box is suspended away from tractor frame

• Allows for full flow of material in front of augers
• May prevent center line segregation
• No “kick back” augers installed but may be required in some mixes

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Material Level Indicator
Material Level
Sensors Indicator
Alarm

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Extending
Tunnels
Controlling Material Flow at

Outer Edges of Screed

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Ultra Sonic Material Feed Sensors
Conveyor Sensors Auger Sensor

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Varying the Auger Box Size
Insert spacers to side arm

attachment to move screed
further away from the
augers or use adjustment
bolts on side arm

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Adjustable Auger Height Operated From
Operators Console
Augers Positioned115 mm & 243 mm (4.5 & 9.5 Inches) Above Grade

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Auger sensor Positioning and Material
height
• Make sure the auger sensor is pointed perpendicular to the live head of
material
We built extensions
which greatly
improved the angle
which was desired

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What Questions do you have on
The Head of Material?

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Summary – Head of Material
1. Always maintain a consistent head of material

2. Level with auger shaft is ideal
3. Have auger/conveyor system running steadily approx
90% of the time
4. Keep the conveyors full and hopper at least 1/3 full at
all times
5. Use feed control sensors
6. Adjust flow gates to suit width, depth and speed

Paving Principles
FACTOR NUMBER 3.
Paving Speed
Paving Speed

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How fast should I pave?

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Factors Affecting the Selection of
Paving Speed
1. Material supply to the hopper
2. Size of the mixing plant
3. Distance from plant to paver
4. Number and size of trucks
5. Mat dimensions
6. Grades
7. Rolling and compaction rates

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Methods Used in the Control of the Paving
Speed
Paver Speed Selection Controls

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Speed Limiter
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Causes & Affects of the Disruption in Paving
Speed
Asphalt Trucks – Run in Packs
A good steady supply of

material is essential for
non-stop smooth paving
operation

Paving Principles
Don’t Bump the Paver!!

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Truck Contact
Truck to Stop 30 cm (1ft)

in Front of Paver -
Paver Picks up Truck

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Don’t Hold the Brakes On!

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Holding on Brakes May Damage the Base

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FACTORS NUMBER 4 & 5.
Screed Weight & Material Stability

Factors 4 & 5
Screed Weight
Material Stability
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Paver Systems Available to Control the
Affects of Factors 4 & 5
1. Screed Assist
2. Screed Lock
3. Anti Climb
4. Power Down
These systems are available on some pavers as options

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Mat Marks
Counter this by
installing a
Screed Lock
Delay
When Paver Stops:

Factors 4 Becomes the Dominant Factor
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Screed Assist
1. Hydraulic pressure is
applied to both screed lift
cylinders through the screed
assist circuit of the rear GP
valve
2. Screed weight is partially

removed from the mat and
transferred onto the tractor
3. This allows the mat to

be laid and may provide for
better traction in soft bases
Screed Assist Counters Factor Number 5. Material Instability;

Used in the event that the material fails to adequately support the screed

Paving Principles
Power Down Option
Works the opposite way

to Screed Assist by
applying a down pressure
to the cylinders
Use ‘Power Down’ when the screed needs a little

help to lay stiff mixes

Paving Principles
What questions do you have on the whole
of this Paving Principles presentation?
Paving Principles
Paver and Screed Operation
John Sunkenberg
Product Competency Manager
Volvo CE

Paving Principles

Paver and Screed Operation

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Paving Principles

Paver and screed operation

10ft Track / Wheeled - Highway Class

8ft Track / Wheeled – Utility Class

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

15% Compaction From Roller

Original Uneven Base

…..We must start with a good base

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

• Rear Mounted Extensions

Volvo Construction Equipment

2. Pushes the truck

3. Provides a flow path

4. Provides the power

Volvo Construction Equipment

1. Lays material to accurate

3. Smoothes and seals the

4. Provides the screed

Volvo Construction Equipment

2. Lower Ground Bearing

2. Higher Initial Purchase Costs 5. Flexible Track Allows Acceptable

Volvo Construction Equipment

Disadvantages 3. Maintenance Costs are Less

1. Center Point Wheel Load

3. Risk of Punctures, Loss of Air, Ballast

Volvo Construction Equipment

Omni 318 - Level

Volvo Construction Equipment

Slope Right or Left

Wedge Right or Left

Negative Crown or Swale

Main Line & Shoulder

Volvo Construction Equipment

Omni 318 Hydraulic Power Crown

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Vibrator Shaft & Counter Weights

Volvo Construction Equipment

Weight Adjustment Positions

Volvo Construction Equipment

All figures are approximate

Percentage of Maximum Theoretical Density -

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

1.Warped screed plates & frames

2. Inability to lay quality mats

3. Broken screed frame welds

4. Difficulty in replacing screed plates

Volvo Construction Equipment

Manually by Use of Depth

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Angle of Attack + Head of Material = Horizontal Resistance to Paving Speed

Volvo Construction Equipment

Volvo Construction Equipment

Other factors which may affect the Angle of Attack: