HOMEWORK IN THE

CHILD AND
ADOLESCENT
LEARNERS AND
LEARNING PRINCIPLES

Submitted by:
JOHN RENE M. MADAYAG
BSED ENGLISH 1-B STUDENT
Submitted to:
DOCTOR CARMELITO PANG
1. GROWTH - The process of increasing in size
-The process of increasing in size.
2. DEVELOPMENT - A specified state of growth or advancement
-The process of developing or being developed.
3. HEREDITY - The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one
generation to another.
4. ENVIRONMENT – The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or
plant lives or operates.
-The setting or conditions in which a particular activity is carried on
5. EUTENICS - The science of improving the human species through control of
environmental factors.
- The study of the improvement of human functioning and well-being by improvement
of living conditions.
6. EUGENICS - The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to
increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.
-Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of a
human population.
7. BIRTH CRY - Generally, babies cry from the moment they are born. It is normal and a
part of their development. New-borns and young babies tend to cry more in the late
afternoon or evening.
8. GENES - A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made
up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins.
However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a
few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. The Human Genome
Project estimated that humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes.
9. CHROMOSOMES - A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes.
In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two
sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males) for a total of 46.
10. DNA - DNA is an acid in the chromosomes in the centre of the cells of living things.
DNA determines the particular structure and functions of every cell and is responsible
for characteristics being passed on from parents to their children. DNA is
an abbreviation for 'deoxyribonucleic acid'.
11. RNA - RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. It is an important molecule with long chains of
nucleotides. A nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate.
Just like DNA, RNA is vital for living beings.
12. ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT - The ZPD refers to the difference
between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with
 guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. Thus, the term “proximal” refers
those skills that the learner is “close” to mastering.
13. MATURATION -
The process of becoming completely developed mentally or emotionally.
-The process of becoming completely grown physically.
14. MATURITY - The quality of behaving mentally and emotionally like an adult.
15. NATURE - Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or
universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in
general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science.
16. NURTURE -The process of caring for and encouraging the growth or development of
someone or something. –
17. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT - Physical development is the process that starts in
human infancy and continues into late adolescent concentrating on gross and fine
motor skills as well as puberty. Physical development involves developing control over
the body, particularly muscles and physical coordination.
18. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT – The construction of thought processes,
including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through
adolescence to adulthood.
19. MORAL DEVELOPMENT - The process through which children develop proper
attitudes and behaviours toward other people in society, based on social and cultural
norms, rules, and laws.
20. SOCIO EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT - It is the child's ability to understand the
feelings of others, control his or her own feelings and behaviours, get along with other
children, and build relationships with adults.
21. LEARNING - The process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge,
behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.
22. CHILD LEARNER - Most experts believe that when a child is introduced to a second
language at an early age their chances of becoming more proficient in the target
language will be higher. However, it is not necessarily true to say 'the earlier the
better'. It is suggested that the most efficient time to learn another language is
between 6 and 13. However, children who learn in pre-to-early teens often catch up
very quickly with children who learn from an earlier age. Also this does not mean that
languages cannot be learnt later in life. The experience and environment at school and
how language is taught and practised play a vital role in language acquisition,
regardless of how young or old the child is. Whatever the age, when children learn a
second language they develop skills that will help to create opportunities in their
future. They acquire the lifelong ability to communicate with others under diverse
circumstances. Indeed, regardless of the level of proficiency, learning a second
 language and learning about different cultures generally broadens a child's outlook on
life. It also opens up alternative educational and career opportunities.
23. ADOLESCENT LEARNER -Adolescent learners are a study in contradictions.
Teenagers yearn for freedom to make all their own decisions, yet they don't always
display the sound judgment needed to do so. Adolescents are often risk takers, as Lisa
F. Price (“The Biology of Risk Taking,” p. 22) notes. But most teens are also racked with
fears about looking foolish and keep up a fiercely protected image; even as they strive
to assert their individuality they seek emotional safety and a sense of belonging.
Articles in this issue give educators clues on how to teach adolescents while keeping
these students' conflicting needs and learning tendencies in mind.
24. SOCIAL INTERACTION - A social interaction is an exchange between two or more
individuals and is a building block of society. Social interaction can be studied between
groups of two (dyads), three (triads) or larger social groups. By interacting with one
another, people design rules, institutions and systems within which they seek to live.
25. THEORY -A set of assumptions, propositions, or accepted facts that attempts to
provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause-and-effect (causal) relationships
among a group of observed phenomenon. The word's origin (from the Greek thorós, a
spectator), stresses the fact that all theories are mental models of the perceived
reality.
26. ATTACHMENT - An extra part or extension that is or can be attached to something
to perform a particular function.
27. DEVELOPMENTAL TASK - Development task -developmental task is a task that
arises at or about a certain period in life, unsuccessful achievement of which leads to
inability to perform tasks associated with the next period or stage in life.
28. LIFE SPAN - The average length of life of a kind of organism or of a material object
especially in a particular environment or under specified circumstances.
-The length of time for which a person or animal lives or a thing functions.