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PQR's are not required if Standard Welding Procedures are used, see below for
details.
This document contains details of the welding test, it must include details of all the
parameters listed as variables in tables QW250 to QW265 for each process involved
and all the destructive test results.
The relevant variables for each type of welding process are clearly defined in tables
QW250 to QW265. The left hand column of each table defines the section and
paragraph where each variable and its application to the table is explained in the
code.
Welding Variables
Joint Configuration
Either plate or pipe can be used for the test piece (plate approves pipe and vice
versa ref. QW211), any welding position approves all positions providing no impact
tests are required ref. tables QW250 to QW265 and any joint geometry approves all
geometry's, e.g. single V, double V, U prep, backed or unbacked.
A butt or groove weld approves branch and fillet welds but not the converse, ref.
QW202. Non pressure retaining fillet welds in pipe or plate can be tested but they
must be double sided if plate and at least the dimensions illustrated in QW462.4a,
ref. QW202.2c. Pressure retaining branch welds must be qualified by groove (butt)
welds.
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Material Grouping
Materials are assigned P numbers in QW420; a test in one P number approves all
materials listed under that P number, except where impact tests are required then
approval is restricted to materials listed in the group number within the P number.
Other P number groupings are permissible ref. QW424.1 for details. Ref QW 424.1
for further details.
Note P5, 9 & 10 are divided into sub groups eg 5A,5B etc., Treat each sub group
like a separate P Number
Dissimilar materials are acceptable providing they are compatible. For example P1
to P8, but this does not cover P1 to P1 or P8 to P8.
Note S numbers are for pipework to B31, a P number covers an S number but not
the converse
Consumables
The ASME code uses its own specifications for consumables SFA. which is almost
identical to the AWS specification.
Thickness Limits
Thickness limits Groove welds. See QW451 for precise details.
When Impact tests are required the minimum thickness approved is restricted.
See QW403.6
More than one PQR may be required to qualify dissimilar thickness
The thickness little 't' of deposited weld metal for each process involved is
approved from 0 to 2xt except:-
If any Pass in a single or multipass weld > ½" then the thickness approval
equals 1.1xT
Dissimilar Thickness QW202.4:- The thicker and thinner part must be qualified,
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Except P8 and P4X the thinner part can be qualified if no Impacts and test coupon >
6mm thick.
Thickness limits for fillet welds as per QW462.4a or QW462.4d qualify all fillet
weld sizes on all base material thicknesses and all diameters in one test.
Two Root bends and Two face bends unless the plate thickness exceeds 3/8"
then 4 side bends are required. All bend tests should be done to QW160 using
the correct former ref. QW466 to an angle of 180 degrees. Longitudinal (all
weld) bend tests are not recommended unless the base/weld materials differ
markedly in bending properties. See QW 466 for exceptions and precise
details.
The testing requirement for fillet welds on plate is 5 macro sections only, for Pipe
fillet welds 4 macro sections. No fracture test required.
A WPS can combine welding processes from other PQR's but all the relevant
variables must be addressed including parent metal thickness. There is an exception
to this rule for root runs from PQR's that are greater than 1.5 inches thick (38.1mm),
see code for details.
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Brief Introduction
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
Welding Performance Qualification (WPQ)
ASME definitions for welding processes, consumables and welding positions
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