Test Paper-1

Power System Test Paper

Source Book: GATE Multiple Choice Questions Electrical Engineering
(Vol-1 and Vol-2)
Author: RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
ISBN: 9788192276212, 9788192276229
Publisher : Nodia and Company
Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
Q. No. 1 - 10 Carry One Mark Each

MCQ 1.1 The per-unit impedance of an alternator corresponding to base values 13.2 kV and
30 MVA is 0.2 p.u. The pu value of the impedance for base values 13.8 kV and 50
MVA in pu will be
(A) 0.131 (B) 0.226
(C) 0.305 (D) 0.364
SOL 1.1

Z pu new = Z pu old c MVA base old mb kVbase new l

2

MVA base new kVbase old

= 0.2 b 50 lb 13.2 l = 0.305 pu

2

30 13.8
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.2 When the load on a transmission line is a equal to the surge impedance loading
(A) the receiving end voltage is less than the sending end voltage.
(B) the sending end voltage is less than the receiving end voltage.
(C) the receiving end voltage is equal to the sending end voltage.
(D) none of these.
SOL 1.2 When the load on a transmission line is equal to surge impedance loading(SIL), the
receiving end voltage is equal to the sending end voltage.
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.3 For a given transmission line the expression for voltage regulation is given by
VS − VR
VR # 100% . Hence

(A) this must be a ‘short’ line

(B) this may either be a ‘medium line’ or a ‘short line’
(C) this expression is true for any line
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 2 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

(D) this may either be a ‘medium line’ or a ‘long line’

SOL 1.3 %regulation = VR NL − VR FL # 100

VR FL
In case of short transmission line the receiving end voltage under no load is the
same as sending end voltage under full load condition
VR FL = VR , VR NL = VS

VS − VR
%regulation = # 100
VR
Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.4 “Expanded ACSR” are conductors composed of
(A) larger diameter individual strands for a given cross section of the aluminium
strands.
(B) larger diameter of the central steel strands for a given overall diameter of the
conductor.
(C) larger diameter of the aluminium strands only for a given overall diameter of
conductor.
(D) A filler between the inner steel and the outer aluminium strands to increase the
overall diameter of the conductor.
SOL 1.4 Expanded ACSR contains a filler such as a paper which separates the inner steel
strands from the outer aluminum strands. The paper provides a larger diameter or
less corona for a given conductivity and tensile strength.
Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.5 Consider the following statements in respect of load flow studies in power systems :
1. Bus admittance matrix is a sparse matrix
2. Gauss-Seidel method is preferred over Newton-Raphson method for load flow
studies
3. One of the buses is taken as slack bus in load flow studies
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 2 and 3
SOL 1.5
1. BUS admittance matrix is a sparse matrix.
2. GS method is easier but it is less accurate and has a slow convergence rate
compare to NR method .So, GS method is not preferred over NR method.
3. One of the buses is taken as slack bus in power flow studies.
Hence (C) is correct option.
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 3 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

MCQ 1.6 Which portion of the power system is least prone to faults?
(A) Alternators (B) Switchgear
(C) Transformers (D) Overhead lines.
SOL 1.6 In a power system alternators are least prone to faults.
Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.7 A three-phase transformer having zero-sequence impedance of Z 0 has the zero
sequence network as shown in the figure. The connections of its windings are

(A) star-star
(B) delta-delta
(C) star-delta
(D)delta-star with neutral grounded
SOL 1.7 Since a T circuit provides no return path for zero-sequence current, no zero sequence
current can flow into a T-T bank, but it can circulate within the T winding.
Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.8 Tick the correct statement:
(A) The negative and zero sequence voltages are maximum at the fault location
and decrease towards neutral.
(B) The negative and zero sequence voltages are minimum at the fault point and
increase towards neutral.
(C) The negative sequence is maximum and zero-sequence is minimum at the fault
point and decrease and increase respectively towards the neutral.
(D) The negative sequence and zero-sequence currents do not exist at the fault
location.
SOL 1.8 Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.9 For the system shown in figure the per unit reactance values are marked in the
figure. The transfer reactance would be

(A) 0.12 pu (B) 0.5 pu

(C) 0.2 pu (D) 0.3 pu
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 4 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

SOL 1.9 The equivalent circuit of the power system is shown in fig.

The transfer reactance X between the generator and the finite bus is given below.
X = X d" + Xi = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5 p.u
Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.10 Three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. The details of the generators are

Rating Efficiency Regulation (Pu.)

(MW) (%) ( on 100 MVA base)

Generator-1 100 20 0.02

Generator-2 100 30 0.04
Generator-3 100 40 0.03
In the event of increased load power demand, which of the following will happen ?
(A) All the generator will share equal power
(B) Generator-3 will share more power compared to Generator-1
(C) Generator-1 will share more power compared to Generator-2
(D) Generator-2 will share more power compared to Generator-3
SOL 1.10 Given that three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. For increased load
power demand, Generator having better regulation share More power, so Generator
-1 will share More power than Generator -2.
Hence (C) is correct option.

Q. No. 11- 21 Carry Two Mark Each

MCQ 1.11 The power system shown in figure has the following specification:

Generator G1 : 20 MVA, 6.6 kV, XG1 = 0.10 pu

Generator G2 : 25 MVA, 11 kV, XG2 = 0.20 pu
Transformer T1 : 25 MVA, 6.6/132 kV, XT1 = 0.08 pu
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 5 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

Transformer T2 : 30 MVA, 11/132 kV, XT2 = 0.10 pu

Transmission line : Line-to-line voltage = 132 kV,
Impedance Z Line = (30 + j120) Ω
If all the voltage bases are same as rated and base MVA is 50 MVA, then per unit
impedance diagram is

SOL 1.11 We know that

Vbase(old) 2 MVA base(new)
Z pu(new) = Z pu(old) c
Vbase(new) m e MVA base(old) o
XG1 on system base values
(6.6) 2 # (50) base MVA = 50 MVA
XG1, pu = (0.1) #
(6.6) 2 # (20) base votage = 6.6 kV

= 0.25 pu

XG2 on system base values

(11) 2 # (50) base MVA = 50 MVA
XG2, pu = (0.2) #
(11) 2 # (25) base votage = 11 kV
= 0.4 pu
XT1 on system base values
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 6 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

(132) 2 # (50) base MVA = 50 MVA

XT1, pu = (0.08) #
(132) 2 # (25) base votage = 132 kV
= 0.16 pu
XT2 on system base values
(132) 2 # (50) base MVA = 50 MVA
XT2, pu = (0.10) #
(132) 2 # (30) base votage = 132 kV
= 0.167 pu
For transmission line
base MVA = 50 MVA
Z pu = [Z in ohms] MVA base2
^kVbaseh base votage = 132 kV

(30 + j120) # 50
=
(132) 2

Z pu = (0.086 + j0.344)
Thus, the pu diagram of the given power system on a system base of 50 MVA is
shown as

Hence (A) is correct option.

MCQ 1.12 The impedance diagram of a power system is shown in figure. The bus admittance
matrix YBUS is
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 7 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

R V
S− 8.5 2.5 5.0 0 W
S 2.5 − 8.75 5.0 0 W
(A) YBUS = j S
5.0 − 22.5 12.5 WW
S
S 5.0
S 0 0 12.5 − 12.5W
T X
R V
S1.6 0. 4 0. 2 0W
S0.4 1. 4 0. 2 0W
(B) YBUS = j S
0.8WW
S
S0.2 0. 2 1. 2
S0 0 0. 8 0.8W
T X
R V
S8.5 2.5 5.0 0 W
S2.5 8.75 − 5.0 0 W
(C) YBUS = j S WS
S5.0 − 5.0 22.5 12.5W
S0 0 12.5 12.5W
T X
R V
S− 1.6 0.4 0.2 0 W
S 0. 4 − 1. 4 0. 2 0 W
(D) YBUS = j S WS
S 0. 2 0. 2 − 1. 2 0. 8 W
S 0 0 0.8 − 0.8W
T X
SOL 1.12 The admittance diagram for the system is shown below:

R V R V
SY11 Y12 Y13 Y14W S− 8.5 2.5 5. 0 0 W
SY21 Y22 Y23 Y24W S 2.5 − 8.75 5.0 0 W
YBUS = S W = jS
5.0 − 22.5 12.5 WW
S
SY31 Y32 Y33 Y34W S 5.0
SY41 Y42 Y43 Y44W S 0 0 12.5 − 12.5W
T X T X
Where Y11 = y10 + y12 + y13 ; Y22 = y20 + y12 + y23 + y24
Y33 = y 30 + y13 + y23 + y 34 ; Y44 = y 40 + y24 + y 34
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 8 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

Y12 = Y21 =− y12 ; Y13 = Y31 =− y13

Y23 = Y32 =− y23
and Y34 = Y43 =− y 34 ; Y24 = Y42 =− y24
Y14 = Y14 =− y14
Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.13 For a single phase power system shown in figure, transformer T1 and T2 are identical
and their specification are given as following
Transformer ratio = 2 kV/11 kV
The resistance on LV side = 0.04 Ω and HV side = 1.3 Ω
Reactance on LV = 0.125 Ω and HV side = 4.5 Ω

The efficiency of the transmission is

(A) 80% (B) 96.3%
(C) 46.5% (D) 74.4%
SOL 1.13 The transmission line equivalent impedance when referred to LV side will be
Z = 10 # b 2 l + j30 # b 2 l
2 2

11 11
= (0.33 + j0.99)
Impedance of each transformer referred to low voltage side
ZT = ZT = 0.04 + 1.3 # b 2 l + j0.125 + j4.5 # b 2 l
2 2
1 2
11 11
= (0.083 + j0.273)
The equivalent circuit for the total system

The line current I = 250 # 1000 = 125 amps

2000
The line loss PLoss = I 2 R = (125) 2 # 0.496 = 7.7 kW

The output Pout = 250 # 0.8 = 200 kW

Efficiency η= Pout 100

Pout + PLoss #
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 9 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

= 200 100 = 96.3%

200 + 7.7 #
Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.14 Two overhead lines ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are connected in parallel to supply a load of 10
MW at 0.8 pf lagging. The resistance and reactance of line ‘P’ are 3 Ω and 4 Ω,
respectively and of the line ‘Q’ are 4 Ω and 3 Ω respectively. The power supplied
by line ‘P’ is
(A) 6.30 MW (B) 4.46 MW
(C) 6.73 MW (D) 5.88 MW
SOL 1.14 Impedance of line P ZP = 3 + j4 = 5 53.13c Ω

Impedance of line Q ZQ
= 4 + j3 = 5 36.86c Ω

ZP + ZQ = (3 + j4) + (4 + j3)
= 7 + j7 = 7 2 45c Ω

Total load supplied in kVA

S = 10000 − 36.86c = 12500 − 36.86c
0.8
Load supplied by line P,
ZQ
SP = S
ZP + ZQ

5 36.86c
= 12500 − 36.86c #
7 2 45c

= 12500 # 5 − 45c = 6313.45 kVA at pf 0.707 (lag)

7 2

Power supplied by line P

P = 6313.45 # 0.707 = 4463.6 kW
Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.15 The network shown in the given figure has impedances in p.u. as indicated. The
diagonal element Y22 of the bus admittance matrix YBUS of the network is
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 10 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

(A) − j19.8 (B) + j20.0

(C) + j0.2 (D) − j19.95
SOL 1.15
Y22 = ?
I1 = V1 Y11 + (V1 − V2) Y12
= 0.05V1 − j10 (V1 − V2) =− j9.95V1 + j10V2
I2 = (V2 − V1) Y21 + (V2 − V3) Y23
= j10V1 − j9.9V2 − j0.1V3
Y22 = Y11 + Y23 + Y2
=− j9.95 − j9.9 − 0.1j
=− j19.95
Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.16 Two generators G1 and G2 are connected to a transformer T as shown in figure.
The specification of components are as following
Generator G1 : 15 MVA, 11 kV, X mG = 0.10 pu
1

Generator G2 : 10 MVA, 11 kV, X mG = 0.10 pu

2

Transformer T : 15 MVA, 11/66 kV, XT = 0.06 pu .

When a three phase fault occurs on the high voltage side of the transformer, what
are the values of subtransient current in generator G1 and G2 respectively ?
(A) 5 kA, 3.33 kA (B) 3.94 kA, 2.62 kA
(C) 2.27 kA, 1.51 kA (D) 0.47 kA, 0.31 kA
SOL 1.16 Choose a base 15 MVA
X mG (new) = j0.10 pu
1

X mG (new) = j0.10 # 15 = j0.15 pu

2
10
XT (new) = j0.06 pu
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 11 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

Fault current
I f = V0 = 1 =− j8.33 pu
j0.12 j0.12
Sub transient current in G1
j0.15
I mG = (− j8.33) =− j5.0 pu
1
j (0.1 + 0.15) #
Sub transient current in G2
j0.10
I mG = (− j8.33) =− j3.33 pu
2
j (0.1 + 0.15) #
Base current
IB = 15 MVA = 787.3 Amp
3 # 11 kV

I mG = 5 # 787.3 = 3.936 kA
1

I mG = 3.33 # 787.3 = 2.621 kA

2

Hence (B) is correct option.

MCQ 1.17 An 11.8 kV busbar is fed from three synchronous generators as shown in the figure.
The generator specifications are as following
Generator G1 : 20 MVA, Xl = 0.08 pu
Generator G2 : 60 MVA, Xl = 0.1pu
Generator G 3 : 20 MVA, Xl = 0.09 pu
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 12 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

The voltage base is taken as 11.8 kV and the VA base as 60 MVA. If a three-phase
symmetrical fault occurs on the busbars then the fault current is
(A) 1.07 kA (B) 90.75 kA
(C) 40.60 kA (D) 52.40 kA
SOL 1.17 The transient reactance of the generators are
XG = 0.08 # 60 = 0.24 pu
1
20
XG = 0.1 # 60 = 0.1 pu
2
60
XG = 0.09 # 60 = 0.27 pu
3
20
There values are shown in the equivalent circuit in the figure below.

As the generator e.m.f.s are assumed to be equal, one source may be used which is
also shown in figure.

The equivalent reactance is

Xeq = 1 = 0.056 pu
1/0.24 + 1/0.27 + 1/0.1
Therefore fault MVA
= 60 = 1071 MVA
0.056
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 13 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

and fault current

6
= 1071 # 10 = 52402 A
3 # 1180
Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.18 The following figure shows a synchronous generator whose neutral is grounded
through a reactance Xn . The generator has balanced emfs and sequence reactances
X1, X2 and X 0 . The value of neutral grounding reactance for which the LG fault
current is less than the three phase fault current is

(A) Xn < 1 ^X1 − X 0h (B) Xn > ^X1 + X 0h

3
(C) Xn > 1 ^X1 − X 0h (D) Xn > X1 + 2X 0
3
SOL 1.18 Connection of sequence networks for a solid LG fault is shown below from which
we can write the fault current as
3 Ea
Ia LG =
2X1 + X 0 + 3Xn
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 14 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

Similarly for a solid three-phase fault

Ea 3 Ea
Ia 3φ = =
X1 3X1
We have for LG fault current to be less than three-phase fault current, by comparing
above two expressions
3 Ea 3 Ea
<
2X1 + X 0 + 3Xn 3X1
or
2X1 + X 0 + 3Xn > 3X1
or
Xn > 1 (X1 − X 0)
3

Hence (C) is correct option.

MCQ 1.19 A 3-phase fault occurs at the middle point F on the transmission line as shown
in figure. The transfer reactance appearing between the generator and the infinite
bus is
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 15 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

(A) j0.9 pu (B) j0.575 pu

(C) j0.62 pu (D) j0.65 pu
SOL 1.19 The equivalent circuit for the case of the fault at middle point F on line-2 is shown
in fig.

We have to equivalent reactance between the generator and the infinite bus In the
above circuit, the star network consisting of generator reactance 0.2 pu, Line-1
reactance 0.3 pu and faulted line half reactance 0.15 pu is converted into equivalent
delta network as shown in figure below

Transfer reactance X12

j 0.2 # j 0.3
= j 0.2 + j 0.3 +
j 0.15
= j 0.9 pu

Hence (A) is correct option.

MCQ 1.20 Consider the protection system shown in the figure below. The circuit breakers
numbered from 1 to 7 are of identical type. A single line to ground fault with zero
fault impedance occurs at the midpoint of the line (at point F), but circuit breaker
4 fails to operate (‘‘Stuck breaker’’). If the relays are coordinated correctly, a valid
sequence of circuit breaker operation is
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 16 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

(A) 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 5 (B) 1, 2, 5, 5, 7, 3
(C) 5, 6, 7, 3, 1, 2 (D) 5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
SOL 1.20 Due to the fault ‘F’ at the mid point and the failure of circuit-breaker ‘4’ the
sequence of circuit-breaker operation will be
5, 6, 7, 3, 1, 2 (as given in options)
(due to the fault in the particular zone, relay of that particular zone must operate
first to break the circuit, then the back-up protection applied if any failure occurs.)
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.21 The incremental cost curves in Rs/MWhr for two generators supplying a common
load of 700 MW are shown in the figures. The maximum and minimum generation
limits are also indicated. The optimum generation schedule is :

(A) Generator A : 400 MW, Generator B : 300 MW

(B) Generator A : 350 MW, Generator B : 350 MW
(C) Generator A : 450 MW, Generator B : 250 MW
(D) Generator A : 425 MW, Generator B : 275 MW
SOL 1.21 Given incremental cost curve
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 17 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

PA + PB = 700 MW
For optimum generator PA = ? , PB = ?
a From curve, maximum incremental cost for generator A
= 600 at 450 MW
and maximum incremental cost for generator B
= 800 at 400 MW
minimum incremental cost for generator B
= 650 at 150 MW

a Maximim incremental cost of generation A is less than the minimum incremental

constant of generator B. So generator A operate at its maximum load = 450 MW
for optimum generation.
PA = 450 MW
PB = (700 − 450)
= 250 MW
Hence (C) is coerrect option.

Common data for Question 22 to Q. 23

A power system consisting two generating plants G1 and G2 has minimum cost
dispatch with PG1 = 150 MW and PG2 = 275 MW and the loss coefficients are
B11 = 0.10 # 10−2 MW−1
B12 =− 0.01 # 10−2 MW−1
B22 = 0.13 # 10−2 MW−1
MCQ 1.22 The penalty factor of plant G1 is
(A) 1.3245 (B) 4.08
(C) 2.452 (D) 1.825
SOL 1.22 For a system having two generation plants, transmission loss is given by
PL = P 12 B11 + 2P1 P2 B12 + P 22 B22
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 18 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

2PL = 2P B + 2P B + 0
1 11 2 12
2P1
= 2 # 150 # 0.1 # 10−2 + 2 # 275 (− 0.01 # 10−2)
= 0.3 − 0.055 = 0.245

Penalty factor for plant G1

L1 = 1 = 1 = 1.3245
2 P 1 − 0 .245
1− L
2P1

Hence (A) is correct option.

MCQ 1.23 To increase the total load on the system by 1 MW will cost an additional Rs 200
per hour. The additional cost in Rs per hour to increase the output of plant G1 by
1 MW
(A) 151.0 Rs/MWh (B) 81.56 Rs/MWh
(C) 49.0 Rs/MWh (D) 109.6 Rs/MWh
SOL 1.23 It is given that incremental cost of the system
λ = Rs 200 per MWh
Let the incremental cost of plant G1 is dC1 /dP1 then
L1 dC1 = l
dP1

1.3245 dC1 = 200

dP1

dC1 = 200 = 151 Rs/MWh

dP1 1.3245
Hence (A) is correct option.

Common data for Question 24 to Q. 25

A 25 MVA, 11 kV star-connected synchronous generator has its neutral point
solidly grounded. The generator is operating at no load at rated voltage. Its
sequence reactances are X1 = X2 = 0.20 pu and X 0 = 0.08 pu .
MCQ 1.24 What is the symmetrical sub-transient line current for single line-to-ground fault ?
(A) − j2.5 pu (B) − j2.08 pu
(C) − j6.25 pu (D) − j0.16 pu
SOL 1.24 Single line-to-ground fault current
If = 3Ea Ea = 1 pu
X1 + X 2 + X 0
 www.gatehelp.com

Page 19 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1

= 3 =− j6.25 pu
j (0.2 + 0.2 + 0.08)
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.25 The symmetrical sub-transient line current for double line faults is
(A) − 4.33 pu (B) 2.5 pu
(C) − 0.25 pu (D) 1.30 pu
SOL 1.25 Fault current for line-to-line fault is
− j 3 Ea
If =
Z1 + Z 2
−j 3 # 1
= =− 4.33 pu
j0.4
Hence (A) is correct option.

Answer Sheet
1. (C) 6. (A) 11. (A) 16. (B) 21. (C)
2. (C) 7. (B) 12. (A) 17. (D) 22. (A)
3. (A) 8. (A) 13. (B) 18. (C) 23. (A)
4. (D) 9. (B) 14. (B) 19. (A) 24. (C)
5. (C) 10. (C) 15. (D) 20. (C) 25. (A)