PATHWAYS SCHOOL NOIDA

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ATMIC STRUCTURE – NOTES AND REVISION

JOHN DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

 considered the foundation for the modern atomic theory
o atoms cannot be divided
o all atoms of a given element are exactly alike
o atoms of different elements can join to form compounds

ATOMIC STRUCTURE - SUBATOMIC PARTICLES- Q 1. Complete the table

Subatomic Particle PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS

Location

Charge

Mass

Symbol

Electronic Configuration
 Electrons travel about the nucleus in definite paths called energy shells.
 There are definite number of electrons in energy shells which can be found out by 2n2 (n is the
number of shell)
 The last shell cannot have more than 8 electrons. ( 2 if an atom has only 1 shell)

Q. 2 K shell (1st shell) can have maximum ………………… electrons.

L shell (2nd shell) can have maximum ………………… electrons.

M shell (3rd shell) can have maximum ………………… electrons.

N shell (4th shell) can have maximum ………………… electrons.

 Outer most shell which is also known as …………………….. shell cannot have more than …………
Electrons.

ATOMIC NUMBER- Q. 3
 indicates the number of ………………………. in the nucleus of the atom. It also tells us the number
of …………………..
 No two ……………………………….. can have same atomic number.

 The full chemical symbol of element neon is

Number 10 is the ……………… …………………… and 20 is ……………. …………………..
 Write the full chemical symbol of magnesium in the square given below.

ATOMIC MASS OR MASS NUMBER – Q. 4

 Tells the number of ……………………….. in the nucleus of a particular atom.

 It is the total of ……………………… and …………………… present in the nucleus of an atom.

 To get the number of neutrons, we need to subtract …………… ………………… from ……………

………………………..

 The chemical symbol for the recently discovered element bohrium is . It has

................ neutrons and ................... electrons.

MASS AND VOLUME- Q. 5

 Most of the ……………….. of the atom is contained in the nucleus.

 Most of the ……………………….. of the atom is contained outside the nucleus in the electron
cloud.

ATOMIC SIZE
 Atoms are very small and the nucleus of the atom is even smaller. If the nucleus were the size of a
marble, the whole atom would be the size of a football stadium!

ISOTOPES
 atoms of the same element that have different masses.

Q. 6 The number of …………………. of isotopes are the same; the number of …………………is different
  hyphen notation: the element symbol “hyphen” the mass number

 examples: C-12, C-14. These are isotopes of carbon element. One has a mass number 12 and another

has a mass number 14.

Q. 7 They both have same atomic number, that is ……………….. but different

number of ………………….

Q. 8 Complete the Table.

Atomic
Isotope Mass Number # Protons # Neutrons # Electrons
Number
Ca-42
Cl-38
Pb-209
24 53
5 10
40 52
12 13

The diagram shows an atom.

Q. 9
 What is the atomic number? …………………..

 What is the nucleon number? …………………

 This is an atom of ……………………… element.

 Atoms are ………………………………………. or have no total charge, because the number of

…………………………………………. and …………………………………………….in the atom

are equal.

 An atom of chlorine has a proton number of 17 and a nucleon number or mass number of 35.
A diagram of this chlorine atom is shown in Fig. given below.

Q. 10 Complete the labeling of the diagram.

An isotope of chlorine has mass number or nucleon number as 37.

Q. 11 How many neutrons does this atom of Cl-37 contain? ..................................

How many total electrons does this atom contain? ………………………...

How many valence electrons does this atom has? …………………………

Q. 12 Differentiate between ions and isotopes.

Ions
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Isotopes
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………