ATOMIC STRUCTURE

nucleus
Atoms consist of a central ……………………….. neutrons
containing protons and ……………………… . The nucleus is
small
……………………. electrons
compared to the size of the whole atom. The nucleus is surrounded by ………………………… in energy
shall
levels (also called ………………). Atoms have no electric charge because they contain the same number of protons and
electrons
……………………….. shells
. The electrons are arranged in energy levels (……………..).

sub-atomic particle relative mass relative charge

+1
proton 1

neutron 1 O

electron 1/1840 - 1

proton
Atomic number = number of …………………..

proton
Mass number = number of ………………….. neutron
+ number of …………………….

The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom can be worked out using the atomic number and mass number.
atomic number
Number of protons = ……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
number number
mass
of protors
Number of neutrons = …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
-

atomic number
Number of electrons = …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Atoms can be represented as follows:

𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 19
𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥 e.g. 9F g
protons = ….. 10 electrons = …..
neutrons = ….. 9

protons
Atoms of the same element have the same number of ………….......... In fact, it is the number of ………………… that proton
determines what type of atom it is (e.g. all atoms with 6 protons are carbon atoms). Atoms of different elements have
protons
different numbers of …………………. .

35 37
17Cl 17Cl
protons
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of ………………. but a different
neutrons
number of ………………… . This means they are atoms of the same protons 17 17

element
…………………….. atomic
with the same ………………. number but a different neutrons 18 20
mass
……………… number. electrons 17
17

Atom Atomic number Mass number Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons

23
11Na 11 23 11 12 11

Li 3 7 3 4 3

Ar 10 40 18 22 18

K 19 39 19 20 19
Al 13 27 13 14 13

235
92U ge2 235 92 143 92
238
92U 92 238 92 146 92

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 2-Jun-2015 Chemsheets AS 1001

 ATOMS & IONS 1

Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of

Atom / ion
number number protons neutrons electrons

14
N

31
P

3 7

10 10

40 20

40 22

4 5

82 126

35 44

35 46

23 +
Na

16
O

16 2-
O

17 35 18

19 20 19

19 20 18

20 20 18

1 0 0

53 74 54

14 7 10

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 02-Jun-2015 Chemsheets AS 1002