ATOMIC STRUCTURE

DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES

TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE
ATOMIC The number of protons in All hydrogen atoms, and only
NUMBER the nucleus of an atom hydrogen atoms, contain one
determines an proton and have an atomic
element's atomic number. number of 1. All carbon atoms,
and only carbon atoms, contain
six protons and have an atomic
number of 6.
ATOMIC MASS The number of protons and An atom of carbon has 6 protons
NUMBER neutrons combined to give and 6 neutrons. Thus, its mass
us the mass number of an number is 12.
atom.
NOTATION OF AN ATOM
An atom has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19.
• Determine the number of protons present
• Determine the number of neutrons present
• Determine the number of electrons present
 ISOTOPES AND IONS
TERM DEFINITION
ISOTOPE An element with similar chemical make-up and the same
atomic number, but different atomic weights to another or
others is called isotope. Hence, Isotopes have the same number
of protons, but different number of neutrons.
ION An ion can be defined as a chemical species which holds a
positive or negative charge of some magnitude. All ions have
either a greater number of protons than electrons in their
overall atomic or molecular structure, or they have a greater
number of electrons than protons in their atomic/molecular
structures. The ions that contain a greater number of protons
than electrons are known to hold a net positive charge. These
ions are commonly referred to as cations. On the other hand,
the ions that contain a greater number of electrons than
protons are known to hold a net negative charge. These ions
are commonly known as anions.
EXAMPLE
Carbon 12 to Carbon 13. ... One of two or
more atoms having the same atomic number
but different mass numbers.
The uranium-235 isotope can be represented
as 23592U and the uranium-239 isotope can be
represented as 23992U.
The symbol of the lithium atom is Li. Since
the lithium cation holds a net charge of +1,
the monoatomic ion can be represented as
Li+.
The symbol of oxygen is O. The charge held
by the oxide anion is equal to -2. Therefore,
the oxide anion can be denoted by the
symbol O2-.
The symbol of zinc is Zn. The positive charge
held by the zinc cation has a magnitude of 2.
Therefore, the zinc cation can be denoted by
the symbol Zn2+.
 Fill the Table
Sl No. Number of Number of Number of Atomic Atomic Mass Isotope Isotope
Protons Neutrons Electrons Number Number Name Symbol
1 23 28 23 23 51 Vanadium - 51 51
23V

2 50
23V

3 23 28 20
4 47 109
5 38 50
6 110 +2
48Cd

7 35 81
8 36 Bromine-79
9 22 18 46
10 Radium-223
11 74 108 72
12 8 16
13 8 9
14 Oxygen-18
15 127 I-1
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