Worksheet #1: Atomic Structure

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PART 1

Atoms

● The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. Atomic Number (Z) =
Number of Electrons (e-)
● In a neutral atom, the number of positive protons equals the number of negative electrons.
Number of protons = Number of Electrons
● Protons and neutrons both have a mass of 1amu. The mass of the electron is negligible
compared to the mass of the proton and neutron. Thus, the mass number, or the mass of the
atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. Mass Number = Number of protons +
Number of Neutrons

TABLE COMPLETION: Complete the table by supplying the missing numbers, symbol, and words. (20
points)

Name Symbol Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of

Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons
Selenium Se 34 79 34 46 34
Radon Rn 86 222 86 136 86
Gold Au 79 197 79 118 79
Sodium Na 11 23 11 12 11

Ions

● As we have seen in a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal
● Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become ions. Ions are charged atoms resulting from the
difference in number of positive protons and negative electrons.
● A cation is a positive ion. A cation results when an atom loses electrons.
● An anion is a negative ion. An anion result when an atom gain electron.
● Ions are distinguished from atoms by including the ion charge as a superscript in the symbol.

TABLE COMPLETION: Complete the table by supplying the missing numbers, symbol, and words. (22
points)

Name Symbol Atomic Mass Number Number of Number of Cation

Number Number of Protons Neutrons Electrons or
Anion?
Aluminu Al+3 13 27 13 14 10 Cation
m Cation
 Iron Ion Fe^2+ 23 56 26 30 24 Cation
Argon Ar+ 18 40 15 15 18 Cation
Ion
Fluoride F-1 9 19 9 10 7 Anion
Ion

Isotopes

● The number of neutrons in any specific type of atom can vary. Atoms of the same element with
different numbers of neutrons are called Isotopes
● Isotopes are distinguished from each other by including the mass number with the name or
symbol
● Another way to write isotopes is to write the name of the element then add the mass number
after a dash. Example Hydrogen – 1

TABLE COMPLETION: Complete the table by supplying the missing numbers, symbol, and words. (24
points)

Name Symbol Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of

Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons
Uranium-235 235
U 92 235 92 143 92
Uranium-238 238
U 92 238 92 146 92
Carbon – 12 12c 6 12 6 6 6
Carbon – 13 13c 6 13 6 7 6

PART 2

I. Answer the following questions: (9 points)

1. What would happen if the number of protons change in an atom? the element will change

2. From the given set of isotopes in the picture above, identify the following
a. The element is: carbon
b. The number 6 refers to the: atomic number
c. The numbers 12, 13 and 14 refer to the: atomic mass
d. How many protons and neutrons are present in the first isotope? 6
e. How many protons and neutrons are present in the second isotope? 6
f. How many protons and neutrons are present in the third isotope? 6
3. How can you tell isotopes apart? mass number and neutrons count
4. What does the number next to the chemical symbol of ions signify? atomic number
II. Table completion: Complete the table by supplying the missing numbers and symbols. (25 points)

Symbol B 2654𝐹𝑒+2 S-3 Au+ Radon-222

Protons 5 26 18 79 86

Neutrons 6 30 16 117 136

Electrons 5 26 18 79 86

Net Charge +3 +2 -3 +1 -2

III. Matching type: Match the positive ions found in Column A to Column B which are the total
number of electrons that ion contains. The same answer may be used more than once. Write the
letter of your answer before the number. (10 points)

Answer Column A Column B

B 1. Al+3 A. 2
F 2. Fe+3 B. 10
B 3. Mg+2 C. 21
H 4. Sn+2 D. 23
F 5. Co+2 E. 24
E 6. Co+3 F. 25
A 7. Li+1 G. 36
C 8. Cr+3 H. 48
G 9. Rb+1 I. 76
I 10. Pt+2 J. 81
 - End of Worksheet #1 -
Highest Possible Score = 110 / Passing Mark = 83
Scores will be released on September 28, 2022