Heritage Convent

Standard- IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom

Q1. Name the three sub-atomic particles present in an atom and compare their
properties.
Ans. The three sub-atomic particles present in an atom are
1. Electron (e-)
2. Proton (p+)
3. Neutron(no )
Properties of electron:
• It is negatively charged particles
• It has one unit negative charge(-1)
Properties of proton:
• It is positively charged particles
• It has one unit positive charge(+1)
Properties of neutron:
• It is neutral particles
• It has neutral charge.
Q2. Explain with examples (i) Atomic number (ii) Mass number
Ans. i) Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known
as the atomic number of the element.
Atomic number (Z) =Number of protons
=Number of electrons
Examples: a) Number of protons in Sodium atom=11
∴ Atomic number of Na =11
b) Number of protons in Calcium atom =20
∴ Atomic number of Ca =20
(ii) Mass number: The sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in
the nucleus of an atom is called the mass number.
Mass number(A) = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
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 Heritage Convent
Standard-IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
Examples: a) Mass number of Oxygen =16
b) Mass number of Calcium =40
c) Mass number of Carbon =12
Q3. The mass number of an element is 40.It contains 19 electrons.What is the
number of protons and neutrons in it? What is the atomic number of the
element?
Ans. We have,
Number of electrons= Number of protons
∴ Number of protons of the element =19
Mass number =Number of protons + Number of neutrons
40 = 19 + Number of neutrons
∴ Number of neutrons = 40-19
=21
And the atomic number of the element = number of protons
=19
Q4. Complete the following table:
Mass Number of Number of Number of Name of
Number Protons Neutrons Electrons the Atomic
species
11 … … 12 … …
… … 11 12 10 …
17 35 … … … …
17 35 … … 18 …
… 27 13 … … …

Ans. We have,
Atomic number = No. of protons
No. of protons = No. of electrons
Mass number = No. of protons + No. of neutrons

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 Heritage Convent
Standard- IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of Name of
number number Protons Neutrons Electrons the Atomic
species
11 23 11 12 11 Sodium
atom (Na)
11 23 11 12 10 Sodium
ion (Na+ )
17 35 17 18 17 Chlorine
atom(Cl)
17 35 17 18 18 Chloride
ion (𝐶𝑙 − )
13 27 13 14 13 Aluminium
atom (Al)

Q5. What atom does not contain neutron?

Ans. The first isotope of hydrogen i.e., protium ( 11H) does not contain neutron.
It contains one proton and one electron.

Q6. Explain with examples (i) Isotopes and (ii) Isobars.

Ans. Isotopes: The atoms of the same element having the same atomic number but
different mass numbers are called isotopes of the element.
Examples: a) Hydrogen has three isotopes
1 2 3
1H ,1H, 1H

b) Chlorine has two isotopes

35 37
17Cl , 17Cl
c) Oxygen has three isotopes
16 17 18
8O , 8O , 8O
Isobars: The atoms of different elements i.e.,atoms having different atomic
numbers but the same mass number.

Examples: a) Carbon 146C and Nitrogen 147N

b) Argon 40 40 40
18Ar , Potassium 19K and Calcium 20Ca

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 Heritage Convent
Standard-IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom

Q7. Give any two uses of isotopes.

Ans. (i) An isotope of uranium known as Uranium-235 is used as fuel in nuclear

reactors.
(ii) An isotope of cobalt known as Cobalt-60 is used in the treatment of cancer.
79
Q8. If bromine atom is available in the form of two isotopes 35 Br (49%) and
81
35Br(51%), calculate the average atomic mass of bromine atom.

Ans. The average atomic mass of the bromine atom is given by,

Atomic mass = (79×49/100) + (81×51/100) u

= 3871/100 + 4131/100 u

= 8002/100 u

= 80.02u

Q9. Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and Y are as follows:

X Y

No. of protons = 15 15

No. of neutrons= 15 16

Give the mass numbers of X and Y. What is the relation between the two
species?

Ans. We have,

Mass number of X = 15+15

= 30

Mass number of Y = 15+16

= 31

The two species X and Y have the same number of protons 15 i.e. they have
same atomic number and different mass numbers. Hence, they are isotopes of
an element.
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 Heritage Convent
Standard- IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
Q10. Describe Bohr’s model of the atom.
Ans. According to the theory of Bohr`s model of an atom,
i. The nucleus is situated at the centre of the atom.
ii. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in definite circular fixed orbits.
iii. The orbits or shells are numbered as 1,2,3,4..,etc. outerwards from the
nulceus or represented by the symbols K,L,M,N..,etc.
iv. As long as electron remains in a particular orbit, it does not lose or gain
energy.
v.To change from one orbit to another the electron must absorb or emit a
quantity of energy exactly equal to the difference in energy between the two
orbits.

This model of atom explains the stability of the atom.

E.g. 20
10Ne

Atomic mass = 20
Atomic number = 10

Q11. Write the electronic configuration of potassium atom.(Z=19)

Ans. We have, atomic number of potassium atom = 19

∴ Number of protons of potassium atom = 19 and
number of electrons of potassium atom = 19

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 Heritage Convent
Standard-IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
The electronic configuration of Potassium atom :

K L M N

2 8 8 1

Q12. Explain why, sodium ion, Na+, has completely filled K and L-shells.

Ans. Atomic number of sodium atom (Na) =11

∴ Number of protons of sodium atom(Na) = 11

and number of electrons of sodium atom (Na) = 11

Hence, electronic configuration of sodium atom:

K L M

2 8 1
Sodium atom(Na) loses one electron to attain a fully filled outermost shell i.e.
octet state and become sodium ion(Na+ ).
Electronic configuration of Na+ ion :
K L

2 8
Thus , sodium ion, Na+ has completely filled K and L-shells.

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 Heritage Convent
Standard- IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
Q13. If both K and L-shells of an atom are full, what is the total number of electrons
in the atom?

Ans. We have, the maximum number of electrons in K and L-shells are 2 and 8.

∴ The total number of electrons present in an atom = 2+8

= 10
Q14. What is the relation between the valency of an element and the number of
valence electron in its atom? Explain with example.

Ans. Valency of an element is the combining capacity of the atoms of an element

which is determined by the valence electrons.

The number of electrons gained, lost or shared so as to make the octet of

electrons in the outermost shell(duplet number of electrons in case of Helium)
gives us directly the combining capacity or valency of the element.

Examples: a)Oxygen

Atomic number of oxygen = 8

No. of protons = No.of electrons = 8

Hence, the electronic configuration of oxygen is 2,6

i.e. the number of valence electrons is 6.

In order to attain octet state in the valence shell, it is easier to gain two
electrons instead of losing 6 electrons.

∴ Valency of oxygen =8-6

=2

Q15. From which electrode do the cathode rays originate?

Ans. Cathode rays originate from the negative electrode called Cathode which is
negatively charged.
Q16. What happens to cathode rays when they are subjected to an electric field ?
Ans. When cathode rays are subjected to an electric field, they are deflected
towards a positively charged (plate) of an electric field.

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 Heritage Convent
Standard-IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom

Q17. Where is the mass of an atom concentrated?

Ans. The mass of an atom is concentrated at the nucleus of an atom.
Q18. What is the charge of an electron?
Ans. The charge of an electron is -1.602 × 𝟏0−19 Coulombs.
It has been taken as a unit negative charge i.e. -1 value.
Q19. What are cathode rays?
Ans. Cathode rays are the beam of negatively charged particles that originate from
the negative electrode (cathode) observed in a discharged tube.
Q20. Write the characteristic properties of cathode rays.
Ans. 1) Cathode rays travel in a straight line.
2) Cathode rays are negatively charged particles.
3) Cathode rays cast a shadow of obstacles.
4) Cathode rays could be bent by electric and magnetic fields.
Q21. Write one characteristic property of electron.
Ans. Electron have both definite mass and definite electric charge.

Q22. What are protons?

Ans. Protons are the positively charged particles found in the atoms of all elements.

Q23. What are Anode rays ?

Ans. Anode rays are a stream of positively charged particles that are produced from
the anode of a discharge tube and travel towards the cathode.

Q24. Why is the mass of a proton equals to the mass of a hydrogen atom?
Ans. Hydrogen atom consists of one proton and one electron.Since the mass of an
electron is very small i.e. negligible, the mass of a proton is equals to the mass
of a hydrogen atom.

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 Heritage Convent
Standard- IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
Q25. State some properties of anode rays.
Ans. Some properties of anode rays are-
a. Anode rays consists of positively charged particles.
b. Anode rays travelled in opposite direction to the cathode.
c. The mass and charge of the anode ray particles depend on the nature of the
gas taken in the discharge tube.
Q26. Name the types of radiation emitted from the radioactive elements.
Ans. Alpha,beta and gamma rays are the three types of radiation emitted from the
radioactive elements.
Q27. What are alpha and beta rays?
Ans. Alpha rays are the streams of positively charged particles while beta rays are
the streams of negatively charged particles.
Q28. The atomic number and the mass number of the element calcium(Ca) is 20
and 40 respectively. How many protons, electrons and neutrons are present in
the atom?
Ans. We know that,
Atomic number = No. of protons = No. of electrons
∴No. of protons = 20
No. of electrons = 20
Mass number = No. of protons + No. of neutrons
∴Number of neutrons = 40 – 20
= 20
Q29. How many protons, electrons and neutrons are there in the following atoms?
Which of these are isobars?
40 40 16
18Ar , 19K , 8O

Ans. The elements 40 40

18Ar , 19K are isobars.

a) In the element 40
18Ar ,
Number of protons = 18
Number of electrons = 18

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 Heritage Convent
Standard-IX Subject:Chemistry
Chapter – 05: Structure of the atom
Number of neutrons = 40-18 = 22

b) In the element 40
19K ,
Number of protons = 19
Number of electrons = 19
Number of neutrons = 40-19 = 21

c) In the element 168O ,

Number of protons = 8
Number of electrons = 8
Number of neutrons = 16 – 8 = 8
Q30. What is valence shell ?
Ans. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell.
Q31. What are valence electron?
Ans. The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence
electrons and it determines the combining capacity (or valency) of the atom.
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