Grade 9 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Q1. State the main postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.

1. Matter has very small and indivisible particles called…………………………..
2.Atoms can neither be created nor………………………………………………………
3. The atoms of an element are alike in all respects but differ from the ………………………..of other elements.
4. Atoms of an ………………………….combine in small numbers to form…………………………………………………………….
5. Atoms of one element combine with atoms of another……………………..in simple…………………….to form
……………………………………….of ………………………………..
6. Atoms are the ……………………………..unit of matter that take part in a …………………………………reaction.
Q2. Who discovered the following?
a) Electrons…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Protons………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Neutrons…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Q3. What are the fundamental particles of an atom?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q4. Define an element.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q5. Define an atom.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q6.
Grade 9 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
Electric discharge of…………………………..is passed at low pressure…………………………….
Properties of cathode rays:
1. They travel from ………………………….to ……………………..in ………………………………………lines.
2. They cause…………………………………………………………………fluorescence.
3. They are deflected towards the……………………………….field and repelled by…………………………………….field.
This shows they have a ……………………………………charge.
4. When a beam of cathode rays falls on………………………….X -rays are produced.
5. They penetrate through……………………………………..
6. They cause………………………………of gas through which they pass.
7. e/m of cathode rays =………………………………………….
8. They produce………………………………..of an opaque object intheir path and make a light paddle
wheel……………………..
Conclusions:
a) Cathode rays have negatively charged particles called…………………………..
b) They are integral part of all…………………………..
c) The charge and …………………….of electron are independent of nature of ………………………..in discharge
tube.
Q. State the properties of electrons.
1. Electrons of all sources are………………………and have identical…………………………………
2. They are constituent part of all ……………………….
3. The mass of electron is ……………………………times mass of hydrogen atom.
4. An electron carries negative charge of…………………………………….
5. Radius of electron is less than…………………………………………………
Q. Describe the experiment set up by Goldstein to detect positive rays.

1. Anode rays travel in ………………………………………….lines.

Grade 9 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
2. They have minute ………………………….and produce ……………………………….effect.
3. They are made of ……………………………………..charged particles.
4. They are deflected in a direction ………………………………to that of …………………………………….rays. They have
……………………………..charged particles called……………………………………..
5. They produce………………………………….on zinc sulphide screen.
6. their e/m differs from……………………………………….
7. It is maximum for…………………………………………………
Q. State the properties of proton.
1. Charge on proton is
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Mass of proton is………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Proton resides in ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Q. Explain the plum pudding model atom:
1. Atom is a sphere of………………………………..charge.
2. …………………………are embedded in it.
3. Total …………………………..charge is equal to ………………………………………..charge. Atom on whole is
electrically………………………………….
4. The ……………………………of atom is ……………………………………………………….distributed.

Q. Explain Rutherford’s experiment.

1. Most of the alpha particles

passed……………………………………
Grade 9 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
2. …………………………….alpha particles were slightly……………………………………from straight path.
3. Very few………………………………were deflected by large angles or
completely…………………………………………………
Q. State the main postulates of Rutherford’s atomic model.

Atom has large empty space

Positive charge mass is at center of atom called
nucleus
Size of nucleus is very small compared to size of
atom.
Electrons revolve around nucleus in circular paths
Atom on whole is electrically neutral
Electrons revolve around nucleus in closed circular
path called orbits.

Q. State the major drawbacks of Rutherford’s model.

1. Charged particles in motion continuously…………………………………………………………..
2. Hence …………………………….should emit energy.
3. It should be pulled…………………………………..the nucleus.
4. Hence atom should be…………………………………………………
Q. Explain the main postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.
1. Electrons revolving around the nucleus are confined to fixed orbits called…………………………………….or
………………………levels.
2. While revolving around the nucleus in an orbit, the electron …………………loses nor ……………………………
energy.
3. On gaining energy, the……………in an orbit, jumps to next…………………………….and vice versa.
Since each …………………….is associated with ……………………………energy, Bohr called it …………………...level.
Q. How were neutrons discovered?
1. 1932: Chadwick found neutral………………………………in the following reaction:

Q. State the properties of neutrons:

a) The particle was not…………………………….by magnetic or…………………………………field. Hence it is
electrically………………………………….
b) Mass is …………………………………..
Q. Complete the table:
Grade 9 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
Particle Symbol Charge Mass ( amu) Mass (grams)

Electron

Proton

Neutron

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Modern atomic theory