EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

Experiment 2

Load flow Study of a Power System

Objectives
In this experiment, load flow study for a 7-bus system will be performed. CYMEPSAF software will
be used for this purpose.

Introduction
The performance of a power system in steady state condition is of primary importance for utility
agencies. Given a specified load condition, the basic question to be answered are:
- What are the line and transformer loads throughout the system?
- What are the voltages throughout the system?

We are particularly interested in answering these questions as we evaluate proposed changes in an

existing system such as:
- New generation sites
- Projected load growth
- New transmission line
Load flow solution of a system provides these essential information.

Application of the software CYMEPSAF

Follow the steps described below:
1. Create a new folder in any drive of your PC.
2. Open the software PSAF 2.81. From ‘Database’ menu, select ‘New Blank Database
Directory’ to show the path of the folder created in step 1.
3. From ‘File’ menu, select ‘Preferences’ to open ‘Preference settings’ window. Under
‘Directory’ tab, select ‘DATABASE’ under ‘Item’ and click ‘Browse’ to show the ‘Path’ of
the folder created in step 1. Do the same for ‘NETWORK’ under ‘Item’.
4. From ‘File’ menu, select ‘New Study’. In ‘Loading Network Data’ window, select ‘Use
tabular format’ for network data presentation and click ‘OK’. Next select ‘creating a new
network’ in ‘New Study Dialog’ window and ‘Default 1 bus’ in ‘New Network Dialog’
window.
5. Create the network by using tabular format.

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EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

Fig. 1: One-line diagram of the 7-bus system in study

Power Flow Analysis

1. Using the information given in the following tables, create the network shown in Fig. 1.

Bus
ID Base kV Operating kV
B1 11 11
B2 132 132
B3 11 11
B4 132 132
B5 11 11
B6 132 132
B7 132 132

Fixed-tap transformer
From To Primary Secondary Rating Z1 X1/R1 Standard Loading
Bus Bus kV kV (MVA) (p.u.) Limit (MVA)
B1 B2 11 132 400 0.015 12.5 400
B3 B4 11 132 500 0.012 12.0 500
B5 B6 11 132 250 0.024 12.0 250

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EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

Generator
Bus Type Voltage Rating Active generation Max. Min.
ID (kV) (MVA) (MW) (MVAR) (MVAR)

B1 Swing 11 650 - - -
B3 Voltage 11 750 500 400 -300
Controlled
B5 Voltage 11 400 200 140 -100
Controlled

Line
From To kV Loading limit R1 X1 B1 Length
Bus Bus level (Amps) (Ohms/km) (Ohms/km) (μ.S./km) (km)
2 6 132 800 0.4 2.4 155.5 10
4 7 132 800 0.4 2.4 155.5 10
2 4 132 800 0.4 2.4 155.5 6.52
6 7 132 800 0.4 2.4 155.5 6.52

Load
Bus ID P (MW) Q (MVAR)
B2 200 30
B3 60 8
B4 200 20
B5 50 5
B6 100 30
B7 200 50

2. From ‘Analysis’ menu, click ‘Select Solver’. Select ‘Power Flow Analysis’ in ‘Engine
Selection Dialog’ window.
3. From ‘Analysis’ menu, select ‘Study’. In ‘Load Flow Study Dialog’ window under the
‘Monitoring’ tab, click ‘Select’. A window showing the message ’23 components selected!’
(the number will vary depending on the number of components in the network) will appear.
Click ‘Ok’. Then click ‘Ok’ again to close ‘Load Flow Study Dialog’ window.
4. From ‘Analysis’ menu, select ‘Solve’. In ‘Load Flow Solver Dialog’ window, select
‘Newton-Raphson’ under ‘Method’, select ‘Flat start’ and deselect ‘Apply constraints’ under
‘Options’. Then click ‘Solve!’.

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EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

5. From ‘Report’ menu, select ‘Show Text Report’. Report will appear on the bottom part of the
window.

Study:
From the report of CYMEPSAF, voltage magnitude and voltage angle of the buses, power flow
through the lines, power losses etc. will be known. You have to identify different abnormal
conditions (overloaded and underloaded lines and transformers, buses outside voltage limit etc.) from
the results. You have to determine what to do in order to ameliorate these conditions. For example,
you can add capacitor bank (static VAR compensator) at the buses to improve the bus voltages. You
can also add additional lines to improve overloaded line conditions. Additional lines might also
improve the bus voltages.

Report:
Add a new generator having capacity of 200 MW connected through a transformer of appropriate
rating to bus 7 of the system in Fig. 1. Perform load flow analysis for the changed network
configuration.
1. Mention the abnormal conditions prevailing at different parts of the system.
2. Propose necessary modifications to remove the abnormal conditions. Perform power flow
analysis for your proposed network and demonstrate the improvement you achieved.
3. What is the role of ‘swing generator’ in load flow analysis? How is the real and reactive
power of the swing generator calculated?
4. Write short note on ‘static VAR compensator’.

Reference:
1. Power System Analysis – John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr.

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