PROBLEM SOLVING Length of pendulum in Period of pendulum in

units heartbeats
1 1
INDUCTIVE REASONING 4 2
Inductive reasoning is the process of reaching a 9 3
general conclusion by examining specific examples. 16 4
25 5
The conclusion formed by using inductive 36 6
reasoning is a conjecture, since it may not be correct. Use the data in the above table and inductive reasoning
to answer each of the following questions.
Example
1. The coin I pulled from the bag is a 1 peso coin. That a. If a pendulum has a length of 49 units, what is the
coin is a 1 peso coin. A third coin from the bag is a 1 period?
peso coin .
Conjecture: Therefore, all the coins in the bag are 1 Answer: The period will be 7 heartbeats. Because our
peso examples illustrate that if you take the square root of the
coins. length you ill get the period.
2. Harold is a grandfather. Harold is bald.
b. If the length of a pendulum is quadrupled, what
Therefore, all grandfathers are bald.” The conclusion happens to its period?
does not follow logically from the statements.
Answer: The period becomes doubled.

Example 1. Use inductive reasoning to predict a

number. Example 4. A tsunami is a sea wave produced by an
underwater earthquake. The height of a tsunami as it
Use Inductive Reasoning to predict the number in each approaches land depends on the velocity of the tsunami.
of the following lists. Use the table below and inductive reasoning to answer
a. 3,6,9,12,15,18 each of the following questions.
Velocity of Height of tsunami,
b. 1,3,6,10,15,21
tsunami, in feet per in feet
Example 2. Use Inductive Reasoning to Make a second
Conjecture. 6 4
9 9
Consider the following procedure: Pick a number. 12 16
Multiply the number by 8, add 6 to the product, divide 15 25
the sum by 2, and subtract 3. 18 36
21 49
Solution: 24 64
Starting with 6 as our original number produces a final a. What happens to the height of a tsunami when its
result of 24. velocity is doubled?

Starting with 5 as our original number produces a final
result of 20.
Starting with 12 as our original number, produces a final
result of 48.
We conjecture that following the procedure produces a
number 4 times the original number.
Answer: The height is quadrupled.
b. What should be the height of a tsunami if its
velocity is 30 ft per second?
Answer: Notice that 15 when doubled becomes 30, so
we only need to quadruple its height to get the height if
the velocity is 30. So, 25 quadrupled is 100.

Example 3. Use Inductive Reasoning to Solve an The height when the velocity is 30 is 100.
Application
Scientists often use inductive reasoning. For instance,
Galileo Galilei used inductive reasoning to discover that
the time required for a pendulum to complete one swing
called the period of the pendulum, depends on the length
of the pendulum.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING Okay. Ngayon magstart tayo mag lagay ng mga X sa
Another type of reasoning is called deductive reasoning. table base sa mga clues.
Deductive reasoning is disguised from inductive
reasoning in that process of reaching a conclusion Base sa clue number 1 si Maria ay hindi banker at hindi
applying general principles and procedures. dentist. Kaya magiging ganito ang itsura ng table.
Editor Banker Chef Dentist
Deductive reasoning is the process of reaching a Sean
conclusion by applying general assumptions, Maria X X
procedures, or principles. Sarah
Brian
Base sa clue number 2, si Sarah ay hindi editor. Kaya
Example 5. Use Deductive Reasoning to Establish a magiging ganito na ang itsura ng table.
Conjecture Editor Banker Chef Dentist
Procedure: Pick a number. Multiply the number by 8, Sean
add 6 to the product, divide the sum by 2, and subtract Maria X X
3. Sarah X
Solution: Brian
Let n be the number.
Base sa Clue number 3, si Sarah ay hindi na rin dentist.
Multiply the number by 8: 8n
At base sa clue number 4, si Brian ay hindi maaring
Add 6 to the product: 8n+6
maging banker. Kaya magiging ganito ang ating table.
Divide the sum by 2: (8n+6)/2=4n+3
Editor Banker Chef Dentist
Subtract 3: 4n+3-3=4n
Sean
Example.. Use deductive reasoning to establish a Maria X X
Conjecture. Sarah X X
Procedure: Pick a number. Multiply the number by 6, Brian X
add 10 to the product, divide the sum by 2, and subtract
5. Ngayon, merun pa tayong clue na pwedeng tignan, yung
Solution: oras ng pag uwi nila.
Let n be the number. Base sa Clue number 1, nauuna daw umuwi si banker,
Multiply the number by 6: 6n sumunod si Maria, at sumunod si dentist. Base naman
Add 10 to the product: 6n+10 sa clue number 2, huli daw umuwi si Sarah.
Divide the sum by 2: (6n+10)/2=3n+5 Dahil unang umuuwi ang Banker at huli si Sarah, hindi
Subtract 5: 3n+5-5=3n maaring maging banker si Sarah. Dahil si Sarah ay hindi
na Editor, hindi din Banker, at hindi din Dentist. Siya na
LOGIC PUZZLES ang ating chef. Kaya magiging ganito na ang itsura ng
Logic puzzles can be solved by using deductive ating table.
reasoning and a chart that enables us to display Editor Banker Chef Dentist
information in a visual manner. Sean
Example 7. Each four neighbors, Sean, Maria, Sarah, Maria X X
and Brian, has a different occupation (editor, banker, Sarah X X ✔ X
chef, or dentist). From the following clues, determine Brian X
the occupation of each neighbor.
1. Maria gets home from work after the banker but Ngayon dahil chef na si Sarah, bawal na maging chef si
before the dentist. Sean Maria at Sarah. Kaya ganito na ang ating table.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not Editor Banker Chef Dentist
the editor. Sean X
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time. Maria X X X
4. The banker lives next door to Brian. Sarah X X ✔ X
Brian X X
Solution:
First make a chart:
Ngayon, pansinin na ang pwede na lang maging banker
ay si Sean. At ang pwede na lang trabaho ni Maria ay
Editor Banker Chef Dentist
Editor. Kaya magiging ganito na ang table natin.
Sean
Editor Banker Chef Dentist
Maria
Sean X ✔ X X
Sarah
Brian Maria ✔ X X X
Sarah X X ✔ X
Brian X X X
 Example:
Ang natitira na lang na trabaho para kay Brian ay 6x 7+
Dentist. Kaya’t ang table natin ay magiging ganito na.
Editor Banker Chef Dentist 2 8x
Sean X ✔ X X
Maria ✔ X X X 4x 12x 1-
Sarah X X ✔ X 1
Brian X X X ✔
Pansinin ang kinalalagyan ng 6x, merong tatlong box na
Kaya alam na natin na si Maria ang Editor, si Sean ang pwedeng lagyan ng number. Meaning nito, yung tatlong
Banker, si Sarah ang Chef at si Brian ang Dentist. number na ilalagay natin pag pinagmultiply magiging 6.
Ganun din sa 7+ na merong dalawang box na pwedeng
TRY!!. Brianna, Ryan, Tyler, and Ashley were recently lagyan ng number. Kaya yung dalawang number na
elected as the new class officers (president, vice ilalagay natin pag pinag add magiging 7.
president, secretary, treasurer) of the sophomore class at
Summit College. From the following clues, determine Tandaan: Bawal may maulit na numero sa isang row at
which position each holds. column. At ang mganumero lang na pwede nating
1. Ashley is younger than the president but older than ilagay ay 1,2,3,4.
the treasurer. Kaya kung isosolve natin ang puzzle nasa taas ang
2. Brianna and the secretary are both the same age, and magiging sagot ay.
they are the youngest members of the group.
3. Tyler and the secretary are next door neighbors. 2 1 3 4
3 2 4 1

1 4 2 3
KenKen Puzzles: An Introduction
KenKen is an arithmetic-based logic puzzle that was 4 3 1 2
invented by the Japanese mathematics teacher Tetsuya
Miyamoto in 2004.
Examples . (Try solving this ken ken puzzle)
Rules for Solving a KenKen Puzzle
For a 4 by 4 puzzle, fill in each square of the grid with
one of the number, 1,2,3,4.
 Do not repeat a number in any row or column.
 The number in each heavily outlined set of squares,
called cages, must combine (in some order) to
produce the target number in the top left corner of
the cage using the mathematical operations
indicated.
 Cages with just one square should be filled in with
the target number.
 A number can be repeated within a cage as long as
it is not in the same column.
PROBLEM SOLVING WITH PATTERNS
When we examine a sequence, it is natural to ask:
What is the next term?
What formula or rule can be used to generate the terms?
To answer these questions, we often construct a
difference
table.

The following table is a difference table for the

sequence,
5,14,27,44,65,...

Continue differencing until all the numbers are the

same.
Using the difference table the next term will be 90.

Example. Use a difference table to predict the next term

in the sequence.
2,7,24,59,118,207,...
Check Your Progress. Use a difference to predict the
next term in the sequence.
1,14,51,124,245,426,...