Study of Metamaterial Parameters

using Retrieval Method

Presented By- Neetu Kumari

(PhD Scholar, NIT PATNA)
 Contents
• Introduction
• Objective
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Simulation Results
• Applications
• Conclusion
• References
 Introduction
 According to David R. Smith, any material composed of periodic,
macroscopic structures so as to achieve a desired electromagnetic
response can be referred to as a metamaterial.

 Existing materials in nature only exhibit a small subset of electromagnetic

properties that’s why we need a metamaterial.

 Metamaterial is an interesting field for the research due to its structure,

properties and different applications.

Fig. Combination of thin wires and SRR to form DNG metamaterials

 Objectives
• To design a unit cell metamaterial.
• To analyse the negative refractive index, impedance,
permittivity and permeability retrieved from the S parameters
through simulation.
 Literature Review
S.No Author(year) Title Objective Limitation
1. A. M. Nicolson Measurement To determine the The concept of complex
and G. F. Ross of the intrinsic complex permittivity and
(1970) properties of permittivity and permeability for linear
materials by permeability of materials are discussed
time domain linear materials only.
techniques. in the frequency
domain.
2. Xudong Chen, Robust method An improved The retrieved
M. to retrieve the method is parameters are not
Grzegorczyk, constitutive investigated to reliable for thicker
et al., (2004) effective retrieve the metamaterials at lower
parameters of effective frequency due to noise
metamaterials. parameters of contained in the S
metamaterial. parameters .
S.No Author (year) Title Objective Limitation

3. D. R. Smith, Electromagnetic To validate the The method was unable

D. C. Vier, et parameter standard retrieval to determine whether or
al., (2005) retrieval from method for not an inhomogeneous
inhomogeneous metamaterial structure can be
metamaterials. having symmetric approximated as a
unit cells. homogeneous
metamaterial.
4. Z. Szabo, G. A unique To derive an The limits of the
Park, R. extraction of improved algorithm is that the
Hedge, et al., metamaterial algorithm for effective parameters of a
(2010) parameters extracting the metamaterial slab
based on effective converge as its thickness
Kramers - constitutive is increased.
Kronig parameters of
relationship. metamaterial.
S. Author(year) Title Objective Limitation
No
5. U. Hasar, J. Stepwise To study a stepwise This method doesn’t
Barroso, et technique for method for accurate require any branch
al., (2013) accurate and and unique retrieval seeking algorithm.
unique retrieval of electromagnetic It uniquely retrieves
of properties of the electromagnetic
electromagnetic bianisotropic properties even when
properties of metamaterials slabs. noise is present but
bianisotropic increase in sample length
metamaterials. also increases the rate of
phase change.
A unit cell metamaterial

Parameter Values
lw 0.14
l1 2.2
l2 1.5
ls 2.5
g 0.3
h 0.25
w 0.2
s 0.15
t 0.017
 Methodology
Nicolson Ross Weir (NRW) method is one of the extreme refined methods to find
negative values of μ and 𝜖𝜖.
Kramers-Kronig Relationship derive an improved algorithm for unique
extraction of metamaterial parameters.
S-parameters can be obtained from corresponding structure by using CST
Microwave Studio. Exporting of scattering parameters (S11 and S21) to MATLAB
to retrieve negative values of permittivity and permeability using the following
equations:
𝑅𝑅01 (1−𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘0 𝑑𝑑 )
𝑆𝑆11 = 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘0 𝑑𝑑
1−𝑅𝑅01

2 )𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘0 𝑑𝑑
(1−𝑅𝑅01
𝑆𝑆21 = 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘0 𝑑𝑑
1−𝑅𝑅01
where,
𝑧𝑧−1
𝑅𝑅01 =
𝑧𝑧+1
 μ = 𝑛𝑛. 𝑧𝑧

𝜖𝜖 = 𝑛𝑛/𝑧𝑧
where,

1 1 2 2
𝑛𝑛 = cos −1 [ (1 − 𝑆𝑆11 + 𝑆𝑆21 )]
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2𝑆𝑆21

2
1+ 𝑆𝑆11 2−𝑆𝑆21
Z= ± 2
1− 𝑆𝑆11 2− 𝑆𝑆21
 Simulation Results

Fig.1. Magnitude of S-Parameter Fig.2. Phase of S- Parameter

Fig.3. Effective Impedance Fig.4. Refractive Index
Fig.5. Effective Permittivity Fig.6. Effective Permeability
 Applications
• Metamaterial Antenna
• Cloaking Device
• Superlens
• Invisible Submarines
• Perfect absorber of light
• Photonics
• Metamaterial for solar cell
 Conclusion
• We have successfully retrieved the negative permittivity and
permeability.
• Further, we will use these retrieval techniques to design a
metallic metamaterial unit cell and compare the simulation
results with the previously designed metamaterial structures.
 References
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materials by time-domain techniques. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurement,19(4):377–382, Nov 1970.
[2] Xudong Chen, Tomasz M. Grzegorczyk, Bae-Ian Wu, JoePacheco, and Jin Au
Kong. Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of
metamaterials. Phys. Rev. E, 70:016608, Jul 2004.
[3] D. R. Smith, D. C. Vier, Th. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis. Electromagnetic
parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials. Phys. Rev. E, 71:036617,
Mar 2005.
[4] Z. Szabo, G. Park, R. Hedge, and E. Li. A unique extraction of metamaterial
parameters based on Kramers - Kronig relationship. IEEE Transactions on
Microwave Theory and Techniques, 58(10):2646–2653, Oct 2010.
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measurements and numerical simulation of permittivity and permeability of teflon
in x band. Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, 3:59–64, 04 2011.
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Mehmet Ertugrul. Stepwise technique for accurate and unique retrieval of
electromagnetic properties of bianisotropic metamaterials. Journal of the
Optical Society of America B Optical Physics, 30:1058–, 04 2013.
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Thank You