Roll No.

: Time -
Date : MM - 136  

1. Show the variation of photocurrent with collector plate potential for different frequencies but 1
same intensity of incident radiation.

Ans : For same intensity but different frequencies ν1 > ν2 > ν3 of incident radiation.

2. Show the variation of photocurrent with collector plate potential for different intensities but 1
same frequency of incident radiation.

Ans :

3. Plot a graph showing variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential at a given 1
frequency and intensity of incident radiation. What does the intercept of the graph with potential
axis signify?
Ans :

4. The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric current (I) versus applied voltage (V) for 1
two different photosensitive materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiation.
Identify the pairs of curves that correspond to different materials but same intensity of incident
radiation.

Ans : The materials with same intensity of incident light are 1 and 3; 2 and 4.

5. The graph shows the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiation for two 1
photosensitive metals A and B. Which one of the two has higher value of work function? Justify
your answer.

Ans : As threshold frequency of metal A is greater, its work function, ϕ = hν1, will also be
greater than that of B.

6. Ultraviolet radiations of different frequencies ν1 and ν2 are incident on two photosensitive 1

materials having work functions W1 and W2 (W1 > W2) respectively. The kinetic energy of the
emitted electrons is same in both the cases. Which one of the two radiations will be of higher
frequency?
Ans :

7. Two beams, one of red light and the other of blue light, of the same intensity are incident on a 1
metallic surface to emit photoelectrons. Which one of the two beams emits electrons of greater
kinetic energy?

Ans : The blue light emits the electrons of greater K.E., as

8. Write the expression for the de Broglie wavelength associated with a charged particle having 1
charge q and mass m, when it is accelerated by a potential V.

Ans : De Broglie wavelength associated with a charged particle when accelerated by a

potential V is given by

where m = mass of charge particle and q = charge on the particle

9. Show on a graph the variation of the de Broglie wavelength (λ) associated with an electron with 1
the square root of accelerating potential (V).

Ans :

10. Write the relationship of de Broglie wavelength λ associated with a particle of mass m in terms 1
of its kinetic energy E.

Ans :
The required relation is given by

11. Two lines, A and B, in the plot given below show the variation of de Broglie wavelength, λ versus 1
where V is the accelerating potential difference, for two particles carrying the same charge.
Which one of two represents a particle of smaller mass?
Ans :

12. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle of kinetic energy K is λ. What would be the wavelength of 1
the particle, if its kinetic energy were K/4?

Ans :

13. Two metals A and B have work functions 2 eV and 5 eV respectively. Which metal has lower 1
threshold wavelength?

Ans : Metal with work function 5 eV has lower threshold wavelength, i.e. metal B.

14. Show graphically how the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted from a photosensitive 1
surface varies with the frequency of incident radiations.

Ans :

15. A proton and an alpha particle are accelerated through the same potential. Which one of the two 2
has (i) greater value of de Broglie wavelength associated with it and (ii) less kinetic energy. Give
reasons to justify your answer.

Ans :

16. Why do the photoelectrons have variable K.E.? 2

Ans : Refer to Ans. 11.37(d).

17. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. State clearly the three salient features observed in 2
photoelectric effect, which can be explained on the basis of the above equation.

Ans :

18. (a) Draw a graph showing variation of photoelectric current (I) with anode potential (V) for 2
different intensities of incident radiation. Name the characteristic of the incident radiation that is
kept constant in this experiment.
(b) If the potential difference used to accelerate electrons is doubled, by what factor does the de
Broglie wavelength associated with the electrons change?

Ans :

19. Figure shows variation of stopping potential (V0) with the frequency (ν) for two photosensitive 2
materials M1 and M2.

(i) Why is the slope same for both lines?

(ii) For which material will the emitted electrons have greater kinetic energy for the incident
radiations of the same frequency? Justify your answer.
Ans :

20. An α-particle when accelerated through a potential difference of V volt has a wavelength λ 2
associated with it. In order to have the same wavelength, by what potential difference a proton
must be accelerated ?

Ans :

21. 2
Plot a graph showing variation of de-Broglie wavelength l versus where V is accelerating

potential for two particles A and B carrying same charge but of masses m1, m2(m1 > m2). Which
one of the two represents a particle of smaller mass and why?

Ans :

22. The frequency of incident light on a metal surface is doubled. How will this affect the value of 2
K.E. of emitted photoelectrons?

Ans :
23. Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency of incident radiation 2
for two different photosensitive materials having work functions W1 and W2 (W1 > W2). On what
factors does the (i) slope and (ii) intercept of the lines depend?

Ans : (i) The slope of the lines depends upon h and e or and is independent of the metal
used.
(ii) An intercept of the lines depends upon the work function of the metal.

24. 2

Ans : (i) Intensity is same as the saturation current is same for three different frequencies.
(ii) Stopping potential for ν1 is more than the other two. So, ν1 is the highest of the three.

25. Define the term (i) ‘cut-off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency, in relation to the phenomenon of 3
photoelectric effect.
Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation show how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency for a
given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.
Ans : (i) Cut-off voltage: It is the minimum negative potential given to anode at which
photoelectric current becomes zero.
(ii) Threshold frequency: The minimum frequency of incident radiation for a given
photosensitive surface below which no emission of photoelectrons takes place.

26. The following graph shows the variation of stopping potential V0 with the frequency ν of the 3
incident radiation for two photosensitive metals X and Y:

(i) Which of the metals has larger threshold wavelength? Give reason.
(ii) Explain, giving reason, which metal gives out electrons, having larger kinetic energy, for the
same wavelength of the incident radiation.
(iii) If the distance between the light source and metal X is halved, how will the kinetic energy of
electrons emitted from it change? Give reason.

Ans :

27. (a) Why photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of light? Give 3
reasons.
 (b) Write the basic features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein’s
photoelectric equation is based.

Ans : (a) (i) According to the wave picture of light, the free electrons at the metal surface
absorb radiant energy continuously over the entire wavefront of radiation. As large
number of electrons absorb energy, the energy absorbed per electron per unit time turns
out to be small. It is estimated that it can take hours or more for a single electron to pick
up sufficient energy to overcome the work function and come out of the metal. This
observation does not match with the photon picture, according to which photoelectric
emission is instantaneous.
(ii) According to the wave picture, greater is the intensity of radiation greater is the
amplitude of electric and magnetic fields. Thus, greater the intensity, there should be the
energy absorbed by each electron. This fact indicates that the maximum kinetic energy
of photoelectrons must depend on intensity of light, i.e. concept of threshold frequency
should not exist. Again, this conclusion contradicts the photon picture of
electromagnetic radiation according to which the maximum kinetic energy of
photoelectron depends on frequency and not on the intensity of radiation.
(b) Basic features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation:
(i) The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends linearly on frequency of
radiation.
(ii) Photoelectric emission is possible only above threshold frequency (i.e. a minimum
frequency below which no photoelectric emmision takes place).
(iii) The intensity of radiation is proportional to the number of energy quanta per unit area
per unit time. Thus, the number of photoelectrons depends on intensity of radiation.
(iv) Photoelectric emission is an instantaneous process.

28. Define the term ‘work function’ of a metal. The threshold frequency of a metal is v0. When the 3
light of frequency 2v0 is incident on the metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is
v1. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to 5v0, the maximum velocity of
electrons emitted is v2. Find the ratio of v1 to v2.

Ans :
29. Write two characteristic features observed in photoelectric effect which support the photon 3
picture of electromagnetic radiation.
Draw a graph between the frequency of incident radiation (v) and the maximum kinetic energy of
the electrons emitted from the surface of a photosensitive material. State clearly how this graph
can be used to determine (i) Planck’s constant and (ii) work function of the material.

Ans :

30. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ is incident on a photosensitive surface of negligible 3

work function. If the photo-electrons emitted from this surface have the de Broglie wavelength λ1,

prove that

Ans :

31. Red light, however bright it is, cannot produce the emission of electrons from a clean zinc 3
surface. But even weak ultraviolet radiation can do so. Why? X-rays of wavelength λ fall on a
photosensitive surface, emitting electrons. Assuming that the work function of the surface can be
neglected, prove that the de Broglie wavelength of electrons emitted will be
Ans : It is due to the fact that photoelectric emission takes place only above threshold
frequency. As frequency of red light is less than this threshold frequency, it cannot cause
photoelectric emission whatsoever be the intensity.

32. Why are de Broglie waves associated with a moving football not visible? The wavelength, λ, of a 3
photon and the de Broglie wavelength of an electron have the same value. Show that the energy of
the photon is times the kinetic energy of the electron, where m, c, and h have their usual
meanings.

Ans :

33. An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential V. Obtain the expression for the de 3
Broglie wavelength associated with it.
Ans :

34. A beam of monochromatic radiation is incident on a photosensitive surface. Answer the 3

following questions giving reasons:
(a) Do the emitted photoelectrons have the same kinetic energy?
(b) Does the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depend on the intensity of incident radiation?
(c) On what factors does the number of emitted photoelectrons depend?

Ans : (a) No, kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends on the energy level from which it comes
out. Electrons from different energy levels bear different kinetic energies.
(b) No, kinetic energy depends on the energy of each photon only and not on the number
of photons (i.e. intensity of light).
(c) The number of photoelectrons depends on the intensity of incident light.

35. In a plot of photoelectric current versus anode potential, how does 3

(i) the saturation current vary with anode potential for incident radiations of different frequencies
but same intensity?
(ii) the stopping potential vary for incident radiations of different intensities but same frequency?
(iii) photoelectric current vary for different intensities but same frequency of incident radiations?
Justify your answer in each case.
Ans : (i) Saturation current remains same. Saturation current depends upon intensity of
incident radiation.

(ii) Stopping potential remains same. It depends upon the frequency of incident
radiation.

(iii) At constant frequency and accelerating potential, photoelectric current is directly

proportional to the intensity of light.
It is so because photoelectric current is directly proportional to the number of
photoelectrons emitted per second.

36. 3

Ans :

37. (i) Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz is produced by a laser. The power emitted is 4
2.0 × 10–3 W. Estimate the number of photons emitted per second on an average by the source.
 (ii) Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current versus the intensity of incident
radiation on a given photosensitive surface.

Ans :

38. The graph between frequency (v0) of the incident light and maximum kinetic energy (Ek) of 4
emitted photoelectrons is given. Find the values of (i) threshold frequency, and (ii) work function
from the graph.

Ans : (i) Threshold frequency (v0) = 10 × 1014 Hz

(ii) Work function = 4 eV

39. When radiations of wavelengths 3000 Å and 4000 Å fall on the surface of metals A and B, and 4
the photoelectrons emitted have maximum kinetic energies of 2 eV and 1 eV respectively. Calculate
the maximum wavelength of the incident radiation for which there will be photoelectron emission
from the same surface.
Ans :

40. Light of wavelength 2500 Å falls on a metal surface of work function 3.5 eV. What is the kinetic 4
energy (in eV) of (i) the fastest and (ii) the slowest electrons emitted from the surface?
If the same light falls on another surface of work function 5.5. eV, what will be the energy of emitted
electrons?

Ans :

41. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is – 13.6 eV. The photon emitted during the transition 5
of electron from n = 2 to n = 1 state, is incident on a photosensitive material of unknown work
function. The photoelectrons are emitted from the materials with a maximum kinetic energy of 8
eV. Calculate the threshold wavelength of the material used.

Ans :
42. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 volts. What is the de Broglie 4
wavelength associated with it? To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this value of
wavelength correspond ?

Ans :

43. A particle of mass M at rest decays into two particles of masses m1 and m2 having velocities v1 4
and v2 respectively. Find the ratio of de Broglie wavelengths of the two particles.

Ans :

44. The stopping potential in an experiment on photoelectric effect is 1.5 V. What is the maximum 4
kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted?

Ans : K.E. of the photoelectrons (e–) = 1.5 eV.

45. Light of frequency 1.9 times the threshold frequency is incident on a photosensitive material. If 1
the frequency is halved and intensity is doubled, the photocurrent becomes
(a) quadrupled (b) doubled
(c) halved (d) zero

Ans : (d) As νi = 0.95 ν0. No photoelectric emission takes place.

46. Threshold wavelength for a metal having work function W0 is λ. What is the threshold 1
wavelength for the metal having work function 2W0?
(a) 4λ (b) 2λ
(c) λ/2 (d) λ/4

Ans :
47. Radiations of frequency ν are incident on a photosensitive metal. The maximum K.E. of the 1
photoelectrons is E. When the frequency of the incident radiation is doubled, what is the maximum
kinetic energy of the photoelectrons?

(a) 2E (b) 4E

(c) E + hν (d) E – hν

Ans : (c) Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation

hν – W0 = E

48. Maximum kinetic energy (Ek) of a photoelectron varies with frequency (ν) of the incident 1
radiation as

Ans : (d) Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation

hν = hν0 + Ek

49. The stopping potential V0 for photoelectric emission from a metal surface is plotted along y-axis 1
and frequency ν of incident light along x-axis. A straight line is obtained as shown. Planck’s
constant is given by

(a) slope of the line

(b) product of the slope of the line and charge on electron
(c) intercept along y-axis divided by charge on the electron
(d) product of the intercept along x-axis and mass of the electron

Ans : (b) Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation.

50. The energy of photon of wavelength 450 nm is 1

(a) 2.5 × 10–17 J (b) 1.25 × 10–17 J
(c) 4.4 × 10–19 J (d) 2.5 × 10–19 J

Ans :
51. 1

Ans : (a)

52. The slope of the stopping potential versus frequency graph for photoelectric effect is equal to 1

(a) h (b) he
(c) h/e (d) e

Ans :

53. A proton and an a-particle are accelerated by the same potential difference. The ratio of their de 1
broglie wavelengths (λp / λα) is

Ans :

54. The photoelectric effect can be explained by 1

 (a) Corpuscular theory of light

(b) Wave nature of light

(c) Bohr’s theory

(d) Quantum theory of light

Ans : (d)

55. Work function of three metals A, B and C are 4.5 eV, 4.3 eV and 3.5 eV respectively. If a light of 1
wavelength 4000 Å is incident on the metals then
(a) photoelectrons are emitted from A.
(b) photoelectrons are emitted from B.
(c) photoelectrons are emitted from C.
(d) photoelectrons are emitted from all the metals.

Ans :

56. Which of the following figure represents the variation of particle momentum and associated de 1
Broglie wavelength?

Ans :

57. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation the plot of the kinetic energy of the emitted 1
photoelectrons from a metal vs the frequency of the incident radiation gives a straight line whose
slope
(a) depends on the nature of the metal used.
 (b) depends on the intensity of the radiation.
(c) depends both on the intensity of the radiation and the metal used.
(d) is the same for all metals and independent of the intensity of the radiation.

Ans :

58. If K.E. of free electron is doubled, its de Broglie wavelength will change by factor 1

Ans :

59. Work function of metal is 1

(a) the minimum energy required to free an electron from surface against coulomb forces.
(b) the minimum energy required to free an nucleon.
(c) the minimum energy to ionise an atom.
(d) the minimum energy required to eject an electron orbit.

Ans : (a)

60. The rest mass of a photon of wavelength λ is 1

Ans : (a)

61. Photoelectric effect is based on the law of conservation of 1

(a) energy (b) mass
(c) linear momentum (d) angular momentum

Ans : (a)

62. 1

 
Ans : (a)

63. In photoelectric effect, the number of photoelectrons emitted is proportional to 1

(a) intensity of incident beam.
(b) frequency of incident beam.
(c) velocity of incident beam.
(d) work function of photo cathode.

Ans : (a)

64. For a given kinetic energy which of the following has smallest de Broglie wavelength? 1
(a) Electron (b) Proton
(c) Deutron (d) α-particle

Ans :

65. Which of the following shows particle nature of light? 1

(a) Photoelectric effect (b) Refraction
(c) Interference (d) Polarisation

Ans : (a)

66. A proton, a neutron, an electron and an α-particle have same energy. Then their de Broglie 1
wavelengths compare as

(a) λp = λn > λe > λα

(b) λα < λp = λn < λe
(c) λe < λp = λn > λα
(d) λe = λp = λn = λα

Ans :

67. Two particles A1 and A2 of masses m1, m2(m1 > m2) have the same de Broglie wavelength. 1
Then,
(a) their momenta are the same.
(b) their energies are the same.
(c) energy of A1 is greater than the energy of A2.
(d) energy of A1 is equal to the energy of A2.

Ans : (a)
68. According to Planck’s quantum theory of radiation, an electromagnetic wave travels in the form 1
packets of energy called ____________.

Ans : photon

69. ____________ experiment has varified and confirmed the wave nature of electrons. 1

Ans : Davisson and Germer

70. Photoelectric emission occurs only when the frequency of incident radiation is __________ than 1
threshold frequency.

Ans : greater

71. De Broglie wavelength associated with an electron beam accelerated through a potential 1
difference V is ___________ proportional to

Ans : inversely

72. _________ is the minimum amount of energy required to cause photoelectric emission. 1

Ans : Wok function

73. Wave associated with the material particle is known as ___________. 1

Ans : matter wave

74. In photoelectric effect what determines the maximum velocity of electron reacting the collector? 1
(a) Frequency of incident radiation alone
(b) Work function of metal
(c) Potential difference between the emitter and the collector
(d) All of these

Ans : (d) As per Einstein’s photoelectric equation

75. A Proton and an a-particle have the same de Broglie wavelength. What is same for both of them? 1
(a) Mass (b) Energy
(c) Frequency (d) Momentum

Ans :
(d) Since for the same wavelength momentum is also same.

76. Stopping potential is __________ of intensity of incident radiation but proportional to __________ of 1
the radiation.
Ans : independent, frequency

77. Kinetic energy and stopping potential are zero, when frequency of incident radiation is equal to 1
___________.

Ans : threshold frequency