( ) EM Sir (E. Muhammad Sir)

s{]m^. C.
apl-ΩZv
Hm¿a-∏p-kX
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s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv
Hm¿a-∏p-kvXIw
Zmdp¬ lpZm Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

sNΩm-Sv, Xncq-c-ßm-Sn, ae-∏pdw
2010
hnip-≤n-bpsS ]pg-bn¬
kv\m\w sNbvsXm-cmƒ
XocØv \nem-hv s]øp-∂p.
hf™p\o≠ CS-\m-gn-bn¬
\nd™ a\-p-am-sbm-cmƒ
Xmf-Øn¬ \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
Ddp-am-en¬ s]mXn-™p-]n-Sn®
sk¬t^m-Wn-\p-≈nse
Bbncw Bi-¶-Isf
Indian Language Hcp-hm-°n-\m¬ ambv®p-I-f-bp-∂p.
Malayalam
Prof. E. Muhammad
Memoir
Hcp Nncn-∏q-hn-\m¬,
hyY-Isf XpS-s®-Sp-°p-∂p.
Chief Editor: Hcp hnc¬ Xqh-en-\m¬,
Dr. Bahauddeen Muhammad Nadwi
\nd™ IÆp-Isf
First Edition H∏n-sb-Sp-°p-∂p.
July, 2010
Cover Ien-Xp≈n hcp-∂-hs\

Anshas Adage Aen-hns‚ t\m°n-\m¬
Layout \ncm-bp-[-\m-°p-∂p.
Mahmood
Published by:
]pXnb Du¿P-Øn-\m-sbm-cmƒ
Darul Huda Islamic University AwK-kv\m\w sNøp-∂p,
Chemmad, Tirurangadi D≈nse \∑-Isf `mjWw sNøp-∂p.
Malappuram, Kerala-676 306
Ph; 04942463155, 2460575
www.dhiuniversity.com h‰mØ ]pgbpw im¥-amb ISepw
dhiuniversity@gmail.com
D≈n¬ kq£n®v Xncn®p\S-°p-∂p.
Printed at: k‘y hsc I¿aw sNbvX \n¿hr-Xn-bn-sem-cmƒ
Majlis Printers, Chemmad ag-\-\™v H‰°v \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
All rights reserved
Price: 50.00 INR

D≈-S°w
s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv: PohnX tcJ................................................... 9

]›m-Øew
\mSns‚ kv]µ-\-ßƒ...........................................................................13
al-√-ns‚ t\c-dn-hpIƒ.........................................................................17
shfn®w ]I¿∂ {]Im-i-t{kmXp-Iƒ.......................................22
hoSv
Adn-hnse IpSpw_w..............................................................................27
hnZym-`ym-k-am-bn-cp∂p {][m\w................................................................29
A¤p-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂- \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ...........................................................33
kvt\lw am{Xw I≠p C°.....................................................................36
No^v FUn-‰¿
tUm. _lm-D-±o≥ apl-ΩZv \Zvhn thZ-\-Iƒ h√msX th´-bm-Sn-bn-cp∂p.............................................38
"_m∏p Cukv tKmbnMv...'.......................................................................40
FUn-‰¿ C≥ Nm¿Pv \n¿_-‘a- mbn-cp-∂n√,
tambn≥ lpZhn ae-bΩ t{]c-W-bm-bn-cp∂p ssien.......................................................................41
Akn-Ã‚ v FUn-‰¿ tSm¿®ns‚ shfn-®hpw sh≈ {Upw.................................................42
alvaqZv ]\-ßm-ßc Iog-S°
- n-bX - v kvt\lw-sIm-≠v...................................................................44
\mSv
Ih¿ Unssk≥ ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ XW¬hr£w..................................................................47
A≥jmkv
_m∏p hgn-shń, ]pXp-∏-dºv AXn-eqsS \S∂p..........................50
te Hu´v hnZym-eb- hpw ]mehpw ]mShpw.................................................................55
alvaqZv (EK-K) E = MC2...................................................................................57
aXw
Un.-Sn.-]n.
D∂-X-∑mcpsS Bio¿hm-Z-ß-fpambn.....................................................63
tambn≥
ap\o¿ Fw.-kn. Nßm-Ø-Øns‚ a{Zkm Imew
I¿tam-’p-IX - b
- psS XpS¿Imehpw........................................................66
]≈n-Z¿knse A\p-`-hßƒ....................................................................69
Bflm¿Y-Xbm-bn-cp∂p ap≥I-cp-X¬...................................................75
s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv Hm¿a-∏p-kX
v Iw s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv Hm¿a-∏p-kX
v Iw
Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw Zo\o-tk-h\--Øn-¬............................................77
BZ-ch - n¬ s]mXn™ kao-]\ - ß - ƒ.................................................79
_m^-Jn- b-Xow-Jm\bpsS Nnc-Ime _‘p....................................81
{]I-S\ ]c-Xbn√msX.........................................................................83
m
]mT-]p-kvXIcN-\-bpsS B\-µ-ß-fn¬............................................84 s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv
PohnX tcJ
m
B kzX-kn-≤s - si-en-Iƒ Rßƒ°v Du¿Pw ]I-cp∂p...........87
ùXnIw
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C.Fw Ct∏mgpw Chn-sS-sb-hn-sStbm D≠v... ..............................93 P\\w: 01. 07. 1944
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]nXmhv: A_vZp¬ JmZn¿ lmPn
Htc Nn¥bpw {]h¿Ø\ ssienbpw a\pw............................106
amXmhv: amØ-°pń
{Inbm-flI - X - b- p-sS ck-X{¥w ]Tn-∏n® C.-Fw............................111
da
at\m-l-c-am-sbmcp Hm¿abpw amXr-Ibpw........................................113 aX]T\w:
HmØp-]≈n, ]pXp-∏-dºv
da
au\-{In-bI - f- psS hnπ-hm-flI hgn-bn¬........................................116
]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS \nXm¥ kz]v\-hp-ambn.......................................118 _bm-\p¬ Ckvemw aZvdk - , ]pXp-∏d
- ºv
]pXp-∏-dºv Z¿kv
hu
Hcp t\m´w aXn ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ßƒ t]mepw \ni-_vZ-am-Im≥.......122 ]c-∏\ - ß
- mSn ]\-bØ
- n¬ ]≈n-Z¿kv
hu
A\pIc-Wob\mb hIp-∏p-ta-[mhn...............................................126 DkvXm-Zp-am¿:
s]mXp-ka - q-lØ - n-te-°p≈ knPn-bpsS ]mew...........................128 hmf-°pfw A_vZp¬ _mcn apkven-bm¿, tIm´p-ae A_q-
rul
Bg-ap-≈X - n-\m¬ B IS-en¬ Xnc-If - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p... ...................131 _-Iv¿ apkven-bm¿, Ae-hn-°pń apkven-bm¿, Ad-_n-°pń
apkven-bm¿, Ip™m-bn≥ apkven-bm¿
rul
ka-\zbw
]I-c-°m-c-\n-√mØ ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv...............................................135 ùXnI ]T\w:
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C\n BtcmSp tNmZn°pw kwi-bß - ƒ?...........................................140 F¬.-]n. kvIqƒ, ]pXp-∏-dºv

A[ym-]I - \n¬ \n∂v kl-{]-h¿Ø-I\ - n-te-°p≈ Zqcw............146 _n.-C.Fw sslkvIqƒ, ]c-∏\ - ß
- mSn
da
^mdqJv tImsfPv, tImgn-t°mSv
kmap-Zm-bnI ]ptcm-K-Xn e£o-I-cn® alma\p-jy≥..................154 alm-cm-Pmkv tImsfPv, FdWmIpfw
w.
Prof. E. Muhammad’s Position in the History of Religious

A[ym-]\w:
w.
Education of Mappilas .......................................................................157
tcJ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H.tImsfPv, Xncq-c-ßmSn
ww
^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw sslkvIqƒ, tIm´-°¬

Pohn-X-Øns‚ ssIsbm-∏p-Iƒ.......................................................181 Zmdp¬ lpZm Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n, sNΩmSv
ww
hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ h¿Ø-am\w...........................................................190
Pohn-®p-sIm≠p acn® alm≥...........................................................195 hln-®n-cp∂ ÿm\-ßƒ:
Half-life of a Teacher.........................................................................199 ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H sIankv{Sn hn`mKw Xe-h≥
Zmdp¬ lpZm sk{I-´dn
Zmdp¬ lpZm ùXnI hnZym-`ymk hn`mKw Xe-h≥
Zmdp¬ lpZm FIvkn-Iyq-óhv saº¿
^mdqJv FPyp-t°-jW - ¬ skmssk‰n sk{I-´dn
8 9
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^mdqJv B¿Svkv & kb≥kv tImsfPv {]n≥kn-∏ƒ
^mdqJv lb¿ sk°≠dn {]n≥kn-∏ƒ
^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqƒ {]n≥kn-∏ƒ
]pXp-∏d - ºv al√v IΩn‰n {]knU‚ v
_bm-\p¬ Ckvemw aZvdkIΩn‰n {]knU‚ v
m
]pXp-∏-dºv al√v IΩn‰n sshkv {]kn-U‚ v
]pXp-∏-dºv al√v IΩn‰n FIvkn-Iyq-óhv saº¿
m
BX-h-\mSv a¿°kv FIvkn-Iyq-óhv saº¿
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BX-h\ - mSv a¿°kv A°m-Za - nIv Iu¨kn¬ saº¿
hf-h-∂q¿ bXowJm\ FIvkn-Iyq-óhv saº¿
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k_o-ep¬ lnZmb CkvemanIv tImsf-Pv, ]d-∏q¿,
FIvkn-Iyq-óhv saº¿
da
\mjW¬ FPyp-t°-jW - ¬ {SÃv saº¿
knPn sshkv {]kn-U≠v
da
Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F-^v s{S‚ ,v lb¿ FPyp-t°-j≥
t{]m{Kmw, ske-Ivj≥ t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥
hu
kakvX Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ saº¿
kakvX Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ae-∏pdw Pn√m
hu
sshkv{]-kn-U‚ v
kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-j≥ saº¿
rul
]pXp-∏-dºv Kh. kvIqƒ ]n.-Sn.F {]kn-U‚ v
rul
]n.-Fk
- v.F- w.H. tImsfPv Ãm^v ¢_v {]kn-U‚ v
ktlm-Zc - ß
- ƒ: JZo-P, A_q-_I
- v¿, Ip™m-en-°pń
da
`mcy: JZoP l÷pΩ
da
a°ƒ: kmln-d, Dssa-_m≥, im°n-d, ssJdp-∂n-k, A_vZp¬
Peo¬, kp\od
w.
Pmam-Xm-°ƒ: apÿ^ Xncq-cß - m-Sn, ^mdqJv aq∂n-bq¿, iwkp-

±o≥ sh´w, imlp¬ laoZv thßc
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acWw: 04.05.2010
ww
ww ]›m-Øew
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\mSns‚ kv]µ-\ß
- ƒ
m
A\-h[n Ncn{Xß-fpsS aqI-km-£n-bmb IS-ep-≠n-∏p-gbpsS
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sX°p`mKØv, im¥kpµ-c-ambn AWn-s™m-cpßn \n¬°p∂
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]pXp-∏d - º
- v {Kmaw. ]g-ab
- psS kuµcyw ap‰n \n¬°p∂ \mSv. tIm´-
°¬ F-Scn-t°mSv {Kma]©m-b-Ønse at\m-l-c-amb tZiw. Hcp
`mKØv ]d-∏q¿ ]©m-b-Øv, adp `mKØv thßc ]©m-b-Øv. Ah-
da
°n-S-bn-eqsS \mSn\v hn`h kar-≤-amb km[y-X-I-sfm-cp°n Xmf-
Øn-sem-gp-Ip∂ IS-ep-≠n-∏p-g. Cu ]pg-bm-bn-cp∂p Hcp ImeØv
da
Cu \mSns‚ B{i-bw. C∂v tdmUp-Iƒ tI{µo-I-cn®v hoSp-I-fp-
≠m-°p∂ t]mse A∂v ]pg tI{µo-I-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p hoSp-Iƒ.
hu
\mńse _w•m-hp-Ifpw sIm´mc kam-\-amb hoSp-Ifpw henb Xd-
hu
hm-Sp-I-fp-sa√mw ]pg h°p-I-fn-emWv Xe-bp-b¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]pg-
bn-te°v Xncn™p\n¬°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah-bpsS ]qap-JhmXnep-
rul
Iƒ.
hmf-°pfw F∂mWv A∂v Cu {]tZiw s]mXpsh Adn-bs - ∏-
rul
ń-cp-∂-Xv. P\-hmkw IqSn-b-tXm-sS- hyXykvX t]cp-I-fn¬ ]pXnb
ÿe-ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an-®p.
da
a™m-ΩmSv. AXm-bn-cp∂p \mńse G‰hpw {]-[m-\- IS-h.v Hcp

ImeØv \mSns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI tI{µ-hpw hmWnPy taJebpw
da
AXm-bn-cp∂p. Ahn-sS-\n-∂mWv tIc-fØ - ns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ßf - n-te°v
Nc-°p-Iƒ t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv. tImgn-t°m-t´°pw Nmen-b-tØ°pw ]®-
w.
°-dn-Ifpw kpK‘ hyRvP\ - ß

- fpw Ib-‰n-bb - °
- s - ∏-ń-cp-∂p. tXmWn-
w.
I-fm-bn-cp∂p {][m\ hml-\ß - ƒ. bm{X-Ifpw hn\n-ab - ß
- f- p-sa√mw
Ah hgn.
ww
a™m-ΩmSv IS-hn\v Zi-Iß - f- psS Ncn-{X-ap-≠v. GI-tZiw \qdv
ww
h¿j-tØmfw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂p AXns‚ IYm-X-e-ßƒ. ]g-a-
°m-cpsS Hm¿a-Ifpw Nn¥-Ifpw Cu tZisØ ]‰n-bmWv \ne-sIm-
≈p-∂-Xv. IS-hn¬ tdmUn-t\mSv tN¿∂v Ptem-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬\n∂p
Gsd Db-cØ - n-embn ÿnXn sNøp∂, at\m-lc - a- mb ]≈n CXns‚
Pohn-°p∂ km£n-bm-Wv.
]≠p-ap-Xte Cu tZi-Øn\v ]pg°v A°sc hen-tbm-d-bpam-
bn´m-bn-cp∂p _‘w. tXmWn-If - m-Wv Cu _‘w \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-
12 13
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∂-Xv. tXmWn Xpg™v Pohn-®n-cp∂ IpSpw-_-ßƒXs∂ Ahn-sS- hfsc sshIn-bmWv ChnsS tdmUv kwhn-[m-\ß - ƒ hyh-ÿm-
bp≠v. tXmWn-°m-c≥ Ip™n-t∏m-°cv Cu ]c-ºc - b
- nse Ah-km\ ]n-Xa- mbn IS-∂p-hc - p-∂X- v. Gsd-°psd aq∂v \mev Zi-Iß - ƒ am{Xta
IÆn-bm-Wv. hen-sbmcp Xe-ap-d-bpsS kz]v\-ßfpw `m-chpw t]dn CXn\v ]g-°a - p-≈q. AXn\v apºv ]pg X - s- ∂-bm-bn-cp∂p F√m-hcpw
At±-l-amWv Ime-ß-tfmfw AhnsS IS-hn¬ tXmWn Xpg-™n-cp- B{i-bn-®n-cp-∂X - v. I®-hS Bh-iy-ßƒ, `£W km[-\ß - ƒ FØn-
∂-Xv. A∂-hnsS ]pg-°-c-bn¬ henb Nmb a°m-\n-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp- °¬, hnhml ]m¿ń-Iƒ, cmjv{Sob tbmK-ßƒ t]mse-bp≈ Imcy-
m
∂p. Bfp-Ifpw \nc-¥-c-ambn h∂p-t]m-Ip-w. Ifn-Ifpw am®p-Ifpw ßƒs°√mw ]pg-Xs∂bmWv B{ibw. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, C∂v
]pg-°-c-bnse km[m-cW kw`-h-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Imdpw ss_°p-ap≈ t]mse A∂v Hmtcm Xd-hmSp hoSp-I-fnepw
m
Irjnbpw I®-h-S-hp-am-bn-cp∂p \mSns‚ kºm-Z\ am¿Kw. c≠pw aq∂pw tXmWn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _kv k¿hokv hfsc
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ASpØv Xs∂ ]pgbpw ]mS-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah tI{µo- sshIn-bmWv h-cp-∂-Xv.
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I-cn®v P\-ßƒ Pohn-®p. `qcn-`mKw Bfp-Ifpw km[m-cW I¿j-I- hml-\-ß-fn-√mØ ImeØv Dƒ{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se√mw Xe-®p-a-Sm-
cm-bn-cp-∂p. \mSns‚ kar-≤nbpw ]gb Ime tim`bpw Ah-cmWv bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Nc-°p-Iƒ IS-Øn-bn-cp-∂X - v. Ah Cd-°n-sh-°m-\mbn
\ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. \nd™p \n¬°p∂ ]mS-ßƒ, ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ AØm-Wn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
da
\nc∂p\n¬°p∂ Irjn`qan- I ƒ Ch- s b√mw \mSns\ kzbw Ah-bpsS tijn-∏p-Iƒ Ime-ß-tfmfw Chn-S-ß-fn¬ ImWm-am-bn-
]cym]vX-am-°n. cp-∂p.
da
[mcmfw P∑n-Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ ChnsSbp≠m-bn-cp∂p. \mńse hnf- ]pXp-∏d - º- nse BZy-Ime \nhm-kn-Is - f-°p-dn®v hy‡amb Ncn-
Iƒ apgp-h≥ P∑n-I-fp-sS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. tPmen sNbvXp {]Xn-^-e-ambn {X-ß-fn-√. F¶nepw e`y-amb Ncn-{X-a-\p-k-cn®v hyXykvX
hu
In´p∂ Xp—-amb hcp-am-\-ß-fp-am-bmWv IpSn-bm∑mcm-bn-cp∂ I¿j- P∑nIpSpw-_ß - f - mWv ChnSw AS-°n-hm-Wn-cp-∂X - v. shßm-ń¬, ]c-
hu
I¿ PohnXw X≈n\o°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. hb-ep-I-ƒ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ ∏n¬, X´m-t©cn t]mse-bp≈ IpSpw-_-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p BZy-Ime
A∂sØ IrjnbnS-ßƒ. ]d-ºp-I-fnepw \√-t]mse Irjn-bn-d- `qhpS-aI- ƒ. FS-°≠ - Ø - n¬ Xd-hmSpw tImgn-t°m-S≥ Xd-hmSpw Chn-
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°nbncp-∂p. ]p©, tamS≥ F∂n-ßs\ c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≈ Irjn- SsØ {][m\ Xd-hm-Sp-If - n¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
I-fmWv km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. C©n, Nma, I∏, sh≈hpw Irjnbpw kar-≤n-bp-sa√mw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw
rul
F≈v XpS-ßn-bh - b
- m-bn-cp∂p {][m\ Irjn-bn-\ß - ƒ. \√ ta∑-tbm- Zmcn-{Zyhpw ]I¿®hym[n-If - p-sa√mw \mSns\ h√msX Xf¿Øn-bn-
sS-Øs∂ Ch D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°s - ∏-ń-cp-∂p. C∂v ]pXp-∏d - ºv AßmSn cp-∂p. A°m-eØv \mńse {]K¬` ]fin-X\pw Bcp-sSbpw AwKo-
da
\n¬°p∂ `mK-ß-fn¬ Fgp-]-Øn-b©v iX-am-\hpw F≈v, Nma, IrX t\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp∂ tImbm-apń apkven-bmcpw aI≥ A_vZp¬
I∏, C©n t]mse-bp≈hbm-Wp≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp hoS,v AXn\v _mcn apkven-bmcpw tN¿∂v henb Ppap-AØv ]≈n-, Atc-°pfw
da
Np‰pw Irjn Fs∂mcp kwhn-[m-\-amWv A∂v. I¿j-I-cpsS hoSp- amSv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ t\¿®-Iƒ ÿm]n®v CXn-s\- {]Xn-tcm-[n-®n-
Iƒ s\√-dI - ƒsIm≠v \nd-™n-cp-∂p. GØ-s°m-´, Icn˛\pI-ßƒ, cp∂p.
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hnhn[ ]d-Iƒ, Ie-∏I - ƒ, he, sXm∏n-°p-S, ]n®m-°Ø - n, Acn-hmƒ

{_nójv `cWImew. ae-_m¿ samØw sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-
w.
t]mse-bp≈ Im¿jnI D]-Ic - W- ß- ƒ Hmtcm hoń-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
s\-Xnsc Dd-™p-Xp-≈nb Ime-Ø,v Cu kZp-Zy-aØ - n¬ ]pXp-∏d - ºpw
Hcp hoń¬ Hcmƒs°-¶nepw Irjn-∏Wn Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sh‰n-
AXn-s‚-Xmb ]¶v hln-®p. 1921 se ae-_m¿ el-f-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-
ww
e, hmg-°p-e, I∏, D≠-°n-gß - ,v C©n, Nma XpS-ßn-bh ]pdw\mSp-

°m≥ Chn-sS-\n∂p ]ecpw Cd-ßn-∏p-ds - ∏-´X - mbn tcJ-bp-≠v.
I-fn-te°v Ib-‰p-aXn sNø-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. F√m-‰n\pw km£n-bm-bn-cp∂p
ww
a™m-ΩmSv IS-hv. AXn\v apºv, Bbn-cØn FÆq-dp-I-fn¬Xs∂ C-hn-S-Øp-Im¿
sshtZ-inI hncp≤ ka-c-ß-fn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aºp-
\ZotI{µo-IrX {Kmakwhn-[m-\-Øn¬\n∂p tdmUv tI{µo-IrX
dsØ ]≈n s]mfn-°m≥ {_nójv ]´mfw ]pd-s∏-´X - d
- n™v C.-sI.
kwhn-[m-\Ø - n-te°v amdp-∂t- Xm-sS-bmWv ]pXp-∏d - º- ns‚ apJw amdp-
IΩp-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ccp-∂q-tdmfw Bfp-Iƒ Chn-sS-\n∂p
∂-Xv. KXm-KX kuI-cy-ßfpw tdmUp-Ifpw hgn-Ifpw cq]-s∏-´-tXmsS
Xncq-cß- m-Sn-bn-te°v Xn-cn°pI-bp-≠m-bn. AXn¬ C.-sI. IΩp, ]n.-
henb am‰-ßƒ IS-∂p-h∂ - p. ]pg-tbm-cß - f- n¬\n∂p hoSp-Iƒ hgn-
Sn. Ip™m∏p apkven-bm¿, C.-sI. sambvXo≥, sI.-sI. henb Ipń-
tbm-cß - f- n-te°v amdn. henb Xd-hm-Sp-Ifpw IpSpw-_ß - fpw tdmUp-
l-k≥, ]Øq¿ AlvaZv Ipń F∂n-hsc ]´mfw ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-
Iƒ tI{µo-I-cn®v PohnXw kwhn-[m-\n-®p.
14 15
v Iw
t]m-bn. CXn¬ C.-sI. sambvXo≥ IÆq¿ Pbn-en¬sh-®mWv ac-W-
s∏-´X- v.
1921 se t]mcm-´-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn \nc-h[n t]sc A¥-am-\n-
te°pw a‰pw \mSv IS-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬ ]pXp-
∏-dºp \nhm-kn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sI.-sI. aplvbp-±o≥ Im°,
m
sI.-sI. Ipń-lk - ≥ Im° XpS-ßn-bh - ¿ CXn¬ Nne-cm-Wv. al-√n- s‚ t\c-dn-hpIƒ
m
1921 se t]mcm-´ß- f- n¬ Xßƒt°‰ ]cm-Pb - Ø
- n¬ Ip]n-Xc - mb
{_nó-jp-Im¿ {]Xn-Imcw Xo¿°m-\mbn Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fnse A\- tIcf apkvenw Nn¥sb Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw Bth-
.co
h[n hoSp-Iƒ A·n-°n-c-bm-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. henb \mi-\-jvS- in-°p-Ibpw sNbvX \nc-h[n Nn¥-Iƒ°pw Bi-bß - ƒ°pw P∑w
.co
ßƒXs∂ Ah¿ hcp-Øn-sh-®p. \¬Inb \mSmWv ]pXp-∏d - º
- v. k¿K[\cpw ⁄m\n-If - p-amb A\-
Izn‰v C¥ym-ka
- c
- Ø- ns‚ `mK-ambn \S∂ ae-_m¿ Gcnbm ktΩ- h[n hnZz¬tIk-cn-Iƒ ChnsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v. tIcf apkvenw-
f\Øns‚ BZy ktΩ-f\w \S-∂Xpw Cu \mń¬ sh®m-bn-cp-∂p. I-fpsS `mhn `mK-t[-bß - ƒ \n›bn-® ]e tbmK-ßfpw \n¿Æm-b-
da
I- N¿®-Ifpw \S-∂n-cp-∂Xv ChnsSbmbn-cp-∂p. Hcp ImeØv IØn-
at‰-sXmcp {]tZ-i-sØbpw t]mse-Øs∂ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CSw \n-∂n-cp∂ Ckvem-anI Nn¥-bpsS Nn”-ßfpw tijn-∏p-Ifpw C∂pw
da
]nSn-®n-´p-≈-XmWv ]pXp-∏-d-ºpw. kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI hnZym- ChnsS ImWmw.
`ymk taJ-eI-fn¬ C∂v Cu tZiw ]pXnb Xe-ßf - n-te°v ImseSp-
hu
Øp-sh-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F¬.-]n. Xew apX¬ πkv Sp Xew hsc GI-tZiw sXmÆqdv iX-am-\-Øn-tesd apkvenw-Iƒ Xnßn-
ùXnI hnZym-`ymk kuI-cy-ßƒ h∂p Ign-™p. hnhn[ taJ-e- ∏m¿°p∂ Cu {]tZ-isØ apkvenw ]mc-ºc - y-Øn\pw Ncn-{X-Øn\pw
hu
I-fn-ep≈ At©mfw k¿°m¿ ÿm]-\ß - f- n∂v \mSns\ Ae-¶c - n- Zo¿L-Im-e-sØ ]g-°hpw ]n≥_-e-hp-ap-≠v. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-
°p-∂p. ap≈ Chn-SsØ henb Ppap-AØv ]≈n-Xs∂ Cu ]mc-ºc - yw hnfn-
rul
t®m-Xp-∂p. \mńse Hmtcm Imcyhpw Xocp-am-\n-°s - ∏-ń-cp-∂Xv Cu
]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ IY ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXns‚ Hmtcm a¨Xcn- ]≈n tI{µo-I-cn-®m-Wv.
rul
bnepw km∂n-[yadn-bn®p C. apl-ΩZv km¿ F∂ _m∏p. \mSns‚
\mt\m-∑p-J-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn°p ]n∂n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø- ]pXp-∏-dºv al-√-n\v Ing°v h´-∏-dºpw ]Sn-™mdv ]md-Ω¬
\-ßfp≠v. FS-°-≠-Øn¬ Xd-hm-´p-Im-c-\mb Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c- al√pw hS°v IS-ep-≠n-∏p-gbpw sX°v hmcm∏pamSv al√pw ÿnXn-
da
\n¬\n∂p C.-Fw. F∂ Hcp hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-Ws\ D≠m-°n- sN-øp-∂p. Bbn-c-Øn-tesd apkvenw hoSp-Ifpw \qdn-tesd Izmt´-
gvkp-If
- p-ap-≠n-Xn¬. hnhn[ `mK-ßf - n-embn 12 ]≈n-Iƒ ÿnXn sNøp-
da
bXv Cu ùXnI ]›m-Øe - ß
- fm-bn-cp-∂p.
∂p. c≠p ]≈n-If - n-¬ PpapAbp≠vv. ]pXp-∏d - ºv h-enb Ppap-AØv
]≈nbpw Imcm-´-ßmSn Ppap-AØv ]≈n-bp-am-W-h. _m°n-sb√mw
w.
\nkvIm-c-∏-≈n-I-fm-Wv. kp∂o ]mc-ºcyw ImØp kq£n-°p∂
w.
C∂mń¬ Ct∂-hsc Hcp Ahm-¥c hn`m-KØ - n\pw Bg-Øn¬ thcv
]nSn-°m≥ km[n-®n-ń-√.
ww
F√m \mSp-I-sfbpw t]mse-Øs∂ HmØp-]-≈n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p
ww
Chn-sSbpw BZy-Ime ⁄m\tI{µ-ßƒ. ]pXp-∏d - º
- ns‚ GI-tZiw
F√m `mK-ßf - nepw HmØp]≈n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sNdp-∏I - m-eØv
Ahn-sS-\n-∂mWv hnizm-kn-Iƒ aXm-[ym]\-ßƒ ]Tn-®n-cp-∂X - .v ]≈n-
°¬ Ip™oXp lmPn-bpsS sIń-Sw, Imcm-´ß - mSn am´p-Ω¬, ]qØ-
°¬ apl-ΩZv sam√m-°b - psS hoSv, hmcm-∏p- amSv, I√p-sh-ń-°¬ XpS-
ßn-bh Chn-SsØ {][m\ HmØp-]-≈n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]qØ-°¬
apl-ΩZv sam√, kn. Sn. Ip™-lΩ - Zv sam√, sNdp-hØv A_q-_I - ¿
v
lmPn XpS-ßn-bh - c
- m-Wv A\p-`h - ß- fpw Ncn-{X-hp-ap≈ Nne A[ym-
16 17
v Iw
]-I¿. °p-∂p.
kakvX tIcf PwC-øØ - p¬ De-ab- psS D¬`hw Cu tZi-hp- ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im-cpsS "tameym-cp-∏m-∏'-bmWv A_vZp¬ _mcn
ambn At`-Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. tIc-f° - c - b
- n¬ _nZCu Nn¥- apkven-bm¿. Ah¿ At±-lsØ Aß-s\-bmWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂X - v. C∂pw
Iƒ {]Xy-£s - ∏-´p-Xp-Sß- nb Imew. hc-°¬ ap√-t°mb Xß-fmWv B t]cv Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ aX
kakvX Fs∂mcp ]finX k`-sb-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°p-∂Xpw ssh⁄m-\nI ]ptcm-KX - n-bn¬ At±lw hln® ]¶v \nkvXp-ea - m-
m
Nn¥n-°p-∂X - pw. A∂v t]cv tI´ ]fin-X\pw ⁄m\n-bp-am-bn-cp∂p, Wv.
m
hmf- ° pfw A_v Z p¬ _mcn apkv e n- b m- c psS ]nXm- h m- b n- c p∂ A_v Z p¬ _mcn Dkv X m- Z n\v c≠v `mcy- a m- c p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
tImbmapń apkven-bm¿. ap√t°mb Xßƒ ]pXp-∏d- º - n¬ h∂v Cß- AXn\m¬, ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ c≠p `mK-ß-fn-embn At±-l-Øn\v c≠v
.co
s\-sbmcp ]finX k`-bpsS km[y-Xs - b-°p-dn®pw cq]o-Ic - W
- s
- Ø- hoSp-If - p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-°S- p-Ømbn At±lw Hmtcm ]≈n ]Wn
.co
°p-dn®pw At±-l-hp-ambn N¿® \S-Øn. At±lw AXn¬ k¥p- Ign-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. CXn¬ ]pXp-∏d - ºv Aßm-Sn-tbmSv tN¿∂p≈ ]≈n
jvS\pw kwXr-]vX\ - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. aI≥ A_vZp¬ _mcnsb Ah¿°v Gsd Ncn{X {]kn-≤-am-Wv. ka-kvX-bpsS ]e \n¿Æm-bI tbmK-
G¬∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp- ]d™p: "Chs\ \nßƒ sIm≠p-t]m-hpI; ßfpw tN¿∂Xv Cu ]≈n-bnem-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\v apI-fn¬ tbmKw
da
\nß-fpsS e£y km£m-XvIm-c-Øn\v Chs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm- tNcm\pw ktΩ-fn-°m\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ kwhn-[m-\n®
K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I'. AtXm-sS, ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im-c-\mb A_vZp¬ _mcn ÿew C∂pw ImWm-w.
da
apkven-bm¿ ka-kvXb - psS ÿm]I t\Xm-°f - n¬ Hcm-fmbn amdp-I-
{_nójv `cWw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Ime-Øv aX ]T\w kvIqfp-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \mńse Ckvem-anI Ne-\-ß-fn-tem-tcm-∂nepw At±-
hu
I-fn¬sh®pw \S-∂n-cp-∂p. kzmX{¥yw e`n-®-tXmsS C¥y Hcp
l-Øns‚ Ic-kv]¿iw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
atXXc P\m-[n-]Xy cmjv{S-ambn amdn. kvIqfp-I-fn¬ aX]T-\-Øn\v
hu
tImbmapń apkven-bm¿ B[ymflnI⁄m\nbpw ]fin-X\pw A\p-aXn e`n-°mØ Ahÿ h∂p. CtXmsS ka-kX v b- psS ]fin-
kq^n-h-cy-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXp-∏-dºv am{X-a√; hen-sbmcp tZiw X-∑m¿ aZvdk - b
- psS cq]o-Ic - W
- s - Ø-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-Xp-Sß- n. 1951 ¬
rul
Xs∂ At±-lØ - ns‚ Bflob \nb-{¥-WØ - n-emWv Ign-™n-cp-∂- kakvX tIcf Ckvemw aX hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn-®p.
Xv. As∂ms° ag e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm £matam hdp-Xntbm aZvdk
- I- f - n¬ ]Tn-∏n-°m-\mbn kne-_kv Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
rul
\mń¬ ]nSn-s]-Sp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ Bfp-Iƒ {]m¿Yn-°m-\m-h-iy- CØcw ]Wn-I-sf√mw \S-∂n-cp-∂Xv ]pXp-∏-dºn¬sh-®m-bn-cp-∂p.
s∏- ´ v At±- l - Ø n- \ - S p- Ø mWv h∂n- c p- ∂ - X v . At±- l - Ø ns‚ A_vZ- p¬ _mcn DkvXm-Zm-bn-cp∂p CXn-s\√mw t\XrXzw \¬In-bn-
da
{]m¿Y\tbmsS ag h¿jn-°pI km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. cp-∂-Xv.

Hcn-°¬ km[m-c-W-t]mse \mń¬ h√mØ £mahpw hdp-
da
kakvX apim-hd \ne-hn-ep≈ aZvdk - I
- s
- f√mw ]pXp-Xmbn cq]o-
Xnbpw ]nSn-s]-´p. P\-ßƒ ZpcnXw kln-t°≠ Ah-ÿb - n-se-Øn. I-cn® hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Un\v Iogn¬sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ Xocp-am-\n®p.
Ah¿ tImbmapń apkven-bm-cpsS apºn¬ h∂v thZ\ ]d-™p.
w.
CtXmsS A_vZp¬ _mcn DkvXmZv Xs‚ \mSmb ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse

At±lw {]m¿∞-\°v Xøm-dm-bn. F√m-hcpw ]≈n-bn¬ Hcpan®p- aZvd-k hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Un\p Iogn¬ H∂m-asØ aZvd-k-bmbn
w.
Iq-Sn. tImbm-apń apkven-bmcpw ]≈n-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. AwK-ip- cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp. _bm-\p¬ Ckvemw aZvdk CtXmsS Ncn-{X-Ønepw
≤n-°mbn \o≠kabw lufn≥Ic-bn-en-cp-∂p. P\-ßƒ {]m¿Y-\- H∂m-a-Xm-bn. C∂pw ]Øv ¢mkp-I-tfmsS hfsc hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-
ww
°mbn ImØn-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Btcm At±-lØ - n-\S- pØph∂v Imcyw Øs∂ apt∂-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
[cn-∏n-®p. At±lw Fgp-t∂¬°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√. "Cu ]mØn-bn-
ww
BZyw ChnsS aZvdk - °v ]Sn-™mdv `mK-Ømbn c≠v ¢mkv dqap-
eqsS ag-sh≈w Hen-®n-dß - n, AXn¬\n∂p AwK-ip≤n hcp-Øn-bn-´-
I-fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Imcy-ß-sf√mw \S-Øn-t∏m-Im-\mbn c≠v
√msX tImbm-apń- Fgp-t∂¬°n√'˛ At±lw Xo¿Øp ]d-™p.
A≤ym-]-Icpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv hnhn[ L´-ß-fn-em-bn-´m-bn-
Xma-kn-®n-√, BIm-iØv Im¿ta-Lß - ƒ Dcp-≠p-Iq-Sn. XpcpXpcm ag
cp∂p sIń-S-Øns‚ ]Wn \S-∂-Xv. C∂p ImWp-∂ _n¬UnwKv
h¿jn-®p. tImbmapń apkven-bm¿ B sh≈-Øn¬ AwK-ip≤n hcp-
kwhn-[m\w hcp-∂Xv 2001 emWv.
Øn...!
hJv^v kzØp-If - p-sSbpw Xq°-cn-bp-sSbpw hcn-kw-Jy-bp-sSbpw
]pXp-∏d- º
- nse ]g-a° - m¿ F∂pw a\-n¬ Xmtem-en-°p∂ IY-
Xp—-amb hcp-am-\-am-bn-cp∂p ]≠p-ap-Xte CXns‚ kmº-ØnI
bm-Wn-Xv. hfsc Bth-i-tØmsS Ah¿ C∂pw CXv A\p-kva-cn-
18 19
v Iw
t{kmX-kv. Hcp ]nSn \√ a\-p-If - psS AI-ag - n-™p≈ tkh-\ß - - Xo¿Øpw aX-a-bhpw ⁄m\-a-b-hp-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]pXp-∏-d-
fmWv C∂pw CXns\ apt∂m´v \bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. ºns‚ A¥-co-£w. C∂p-Xs - ∂, Adp-]Xv hb-kn¬ IqSp-X¬ {]mb-
_bm-\p¬ Ckvemw aZvdk - °v ]pXp-∏d- º
- n¬ c≠p {_m©p-Iƒ ap-≈h- sc FSpØp ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ F√m-hcpw {]mYanI
IqSn {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂p C∂v. Z¿kv hnZym-`ym-k-sa-¶nepw t\Sn-bn-´p≠m-Ip-sa∂v ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Hcp ImeØv Cu \mń-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ⁄m\km¿h-{Xn-I-X-bpsS
Imcm-´-ßm-Sn-bnse aZvd-k-bmWv AXn-sem-∂v. Xma-c-sØm-Sp-hn¬
m
hy‡-amb sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv.
]pfn-°¬ tImbm-°-bp-sSbpw A\-¥-c-h-Im-in-I-fp-sSbpw hJv^v
m
kzØn¬ 1967-˛68 Ime-L´- Ø - n-emWv CXv ÿm]n-Xa - m-bX- v. ]n∂o-Sv, aq∂m-¶-≠-Ønse ]≈n-bmWv ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ G‰hpw ]g-°-
kzmenlv apl-ΩZv emlnPv F∂ Ad_n ktlm-Z-cs‚ klm-b- ap≈ akvPnZv. F∂m¬, \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂Xv ]pXp-∏d- ºv Ppap-AØv
.co
tØmsS CXpw Imcm-´-ßmSn ]≈nbpw hn]p-eo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]≈n-bm-Wv. GI-tZiw Ccp-∂qdv h¿j-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-ap-≠n-Xn-\v.
.co
s]cn-b-¥Sw aZvd-k-bmWv c≠m-a-sØ-Xv. 1993 HIvtSm-_¿ amk-Øn¬ ChnsS PpapA XpS-ßp-∂X - n\v apºv Xncq-cß
- mSn ]≈n-bn-te-°mWv
kønZv tImb-°p™n XßfmWv CXn\v Xd-°-√n-´-Xv. Chsb√mw Bfp-Iƒ Ppap-A-°mbn t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv.
kao] tZisØ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v aZvd-k-I-fn-te-°p≈ Zqcw Ipd- ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI aX Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Cu
da
°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. Chsb√mw Htc IΩn-‰n°p Iogn-emWv \S-∂p-h∂ - n- Ppap-AØv ]≈n Aen™p tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AhnsS \S-∂n-cp∂
cp-∂-Xv. Z¿kp-Ifpw ]T\¢mkp-Ifpw hAv-fp-Ifpw \mSns‚ \thm-∞m-\-]-
da
kn.-F—v. DkvXmZv kvamcIam-bmWv \mńse ]pXp-Xmbn h∂ c-amb hf¿®°v ASn-Ød - b
- mbn h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. tImbm-apń DkvXm-
Zns‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ ChnsS kº-∂-amb Z¿kv \S-∂n-cp-∂p. tijw,
hu
aZvd-k. \gvk-dn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv CXv {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂X - v. as‰mcp IΩn-‰n°p Iogn-emWn-Xv. A_vZp¬ _mcn DkvXm-Zns‚ ImeØpw AXv \ne-\n¿Ø-s∏-´p.
hu
{]K¬`-cmb ]e apZ-cn-kp-amcpw ChnsS tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v.
A\-h[n ⁄m\n-Iƒ°pw ]fin-X∑ - m¿°pw DkvXm-Zp-am¿°pw
ImtScn apl-ΩZv apkven-bm¿, A_p¬ _pivd Ip™o≥ apkven-
P∑w \¬Inb \mSm-Wv ]pXp-∏-d-ºv. tImbm-apń apkven-bmcpw
rul
bm¿, Icp-hm-c° - p≠v A_vZp√ apkven-bm¿ XpS-ßn-bh - ¿ Ahcn¬
A_vZp¬ _mcn apkven-bmcpw sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm-cp-amWv Cu
{][m-\n-I-fm-Wv.
rul
\mSns\ Bflo-ba - mbn hgn \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂X- .v Ip™men apkven-bm¿,
]n.-‰n. Ip™-l-ΩZv apkven-bm¿, Dkvam≥ apkvenbm¿, sNdp-hØv CXn¬, A_p¬ _pivd Ip™o≥ apkven-bm¿ \mSns\ Gsd
A_q-_-Iv¿ apkven-bm¿, F.-‰n. apl-ΩZv apkven-bm¿, sskXm-en- kzm[o-\n® DkvXm-Zp-am-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂p-h¿jta At±lw
da
°pń sam√m-°, Iqcn-bm-S≥ Ae-hn-°pń apkven-bm¿, Ben-°pń ChnsS tkh\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p-≈q-sh-¶nepw Xs‚ Bg-Øn-ep≈
{]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒsIm≠v At±lw al-√Ø - ns‚ Ncn{Xw Xs∂ Xncp-
da
sam√m-°, Ip™-h-dpń apkven-bm¿, aqkm apkven-bm¿, _ocm≥
Ipń apkven-bm¿, C.-sI. sambvXo≥ apkven-bm¿, A“Zv lmPn Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I-bp-≠m-bn. At±lw ac-W-s∏-´-t∏mƒ \mńse sslµh
kplr-Øp-°ƒ hsc IÆo-scm-gp-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
w.
DkvXm-Z,v Ip™-lΩ - Zv Ipń ss^kn, Jmkn AlvaZv Ipń apkven-

bm¿, Noc-ß≥ apl-ΩZv apkven-bm¿, FS-°≠ - ≥ sFZ-dqkv apkven- Xncq-c-ßmSn Jmfnam-cm-bn-cp∂p Ime-ß-tfmfw ]pXp-∏-d-ºn-
w.
bm¿, _ocm≥ apkven-bm¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Cu \mSns‚ \mƒh-gn-bnse s‚bpw Jmfn. AsXmcp Xmh-gnbmbn XpS¿∂p-h-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
{]K¬`-a-Xn-I-fmb ]fin-Xcpw DkvXm-Zp-am-cp-am-Wv. aq∂n-bq¿ Imfn-I≠w Jmfn{]iv\hpw a‰pw h∂-tXmsS Da-den
ww
sImSp-hm-bq¿ F.-sI. Ip™men apkven-bm¿ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-It- fmfw Xßsf \m´p-Im¿ Jmfn-bmbn \nb-an-®p. ]n∂oSv Ah-cpsS Im¿an-I-
ww
\mSns\ tkhn® kmXzn-I-\mb Hcp DkvXm-Zm-bn-cp-∂p. 1952 apX¬ Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p \mSv. Da-den Xß-fpsS hntbm-K-tijw sNdp-ticn
2003 hsc aZvd-k-bn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbpw kzZvdmbpw ]≈n JYo- ssk\p-±o≥ apkven-bmsc Jmfn-bm-°n.
_mbpw At±lw tkh\w sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. \mńse hen-sbmcp
Xe-ap-d-bpsS DkvXmZpw hgn-Im-ń-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Ct±-lw. Chn-SsØ
]≈n-Z¿kn¬ auem\m A_vZp¬ _mcn-bpsS injy-\m-bn-´mWv
At±lw Cu \mń-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. tijw, ]T-\m-\-¥cw
ChnsS DkvXm-Zmbn tNcp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
20 21
v Iw
kn.-F-®v. sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm-cp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw C.-Fw.
kmdns‚ Pohn-XØ - nse Hcp \mgn-I° - √ - m-Wv. D
- kvXm-Zns‚ \njvIf - -
¶hpw Bflm¿Y-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ At±lsØ h√msX
kzm[o-\n-®p. C.Fw km¿ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-ambn IqSp-X-embn ASp-
°p-∂Xpw AXns‚ Hcp kPoh{]h¿Ø-I-\mbn amdp-∂Xpw kn.-
m
shfn®w ]I¿∂ {]Im-it- {kmXp-Iƒ F-—v. DkvXm-Zn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. hfsc ASpØ _‘-ambncp∂p Ah¿
kn.-F—
- .v Xzøn_v ss^kn XΩn¬. ]e hnj-b-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]cw N¿®-Ifpw At\z-j-W-ßfpw
m
\S-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kakvX ùXnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-s\-Xn-cmWv
.co
FS-°≠ - Ø - n¬ Xd-hm-ń¬\n∂p C.-Fw. km¿ F∂ Hcp kmXzn- Fs∂ms° Btcm-]-W-ßƒ Db¿∂n-cp∂ ImeØv C.-Fw. kmdn-
s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈h - sc D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv DkvXm-ZS°-ap-≈h - ¿ AXns\
.co
I-\mb hnZym-`ymk hnN-£W≥ Db¿∂p-h-∂-Xn\p-]n-∂n¬ Hcp
Zo¿L-Ime ASp-∏-Øns‚ t\c-dn-hp-Iƒ NnI-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm- sNdp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Dd® kp∂nbpw ka-kvX° - m-c\- p-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw.
Wv. ]c-∏-\-ßm-Sn-bn¬\n∂pw ^mdq-Jv tImsf-Pn¬ \n∂pw aX˛ At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-taJ-eIƒ Fhn-sS hym]n-®p-In-S-∂n-´ps≠-
da
ùXnI hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-Ifn¬ ho£-Whpw ImgvN-∏mSpw e`n-®- ¶nepw AhbpsS-sb√mw ASn-ÿm\w kakvX Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
t∏mƒ, P∑-\m-Smb ]pXp-∏-dºv Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p \\hpw hn\-b-hp- kn.-F-®v. DkvXm-Zns‚ Ime-ØmWv CØcw _‘-ßƒ IqSp-
da
ap≈ Hcp Pohn-XØ - n-te°v At±-lsØ hgn-\S- Ø - n-bX
- .v Chn-SsØ X¬ i‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. At±lsØ ka-kvX-bpsS t]mjILS-I-ß-
hn\-bm-\zn-Xhpw \njvI-f-¶-hp-amsbmcp ]cn-kcw AXn\v Ah-k-c- fn-te°pw ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te°pw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°pw sIm≠p-
hu
sam-cp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h-cp-∂-Xn¬ DkvXmZv henb ]¶v hln-®n-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ ùXn-
hu
auem\m A–p¬ _mcn apkven-bmcpw Fs‚ hµy ]nXm-hv I-amb Adnhpw ImgvN-∏mSpw aXtaJ-e-bn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn D]-
kn.-F—v. sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm-cp-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. kmdns‚ aX-Iob tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p CXn-eq-sS. ka-kvX-bpsS Cw•ojv
aoUnbw ]mT ]pkvXI \n¿amWw apX¬ ]e taJ-e-I-fn-sebpw
rul
Pohn-XsØ Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n® c≠v hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ. sNΩmSv

_m∏pń lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p I¿atKm-Z-bn¬ At±-lsØ Bthin∏n® {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ C.-Fw. kmdns‚ kw`m-h-\Iƒ {it≤-b-am-Wv.
rul
as‰mcp hy‡n-Xzw. _m∏pń lmPn-bpsS I¿aIpi-e-Xbpw C.-Fw. kmdn¬ \√-
]pXp- ∏ - d - º nse ]pg- t bmSv tN¿∂v ÿnXn- s N- ø p∂ C.- F w. t]mse ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-js‚ cq]o-I-
da
kmdns‚ Xd-hm-Sns‚ sXs° hf-∏n-emWv A–p¬ _mcn apkven- cWw apX¬Xs∂ Ah¿X-Ωn-ep≈ _‘w i‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. C.-Fw.
kmdns\ _m∏pń lmPn \√-t]mse a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Zmdp¬
da
bm¿ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse At±-l-Øns‚ c≠v hoSp-I-fn-
sem∂v ]pg- h - ° Øm- b n- c p- ∂ p. AhnsS sNdn- s bmcp ]≈nbpw lpZm-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\ß - f
- nepw Hcp ASn-ÿm\ IÆn-bmbn C.-
Fw. km¿ Aß- s \- b mWv IS- ∂ p- h - c p- ∂ - X v . AXns‚ XpS°w
w.
At±lw ]Wn Ign-®n-cp-∂p. c≠p IpSpw-_-ßfpw ]≠p apXte

ASp-∏-Ønepw kvt\l-Øn-ep-amWv Ign-™n-cp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p- apX¬Xs∂ At±lw CXn\p th≠n \ne-sIm-≠p. kl-ÿm-]-\-
w.
X-s∂, A–p¬ _mcn apkven-bm-cpsS Bflob in£Ww sNdp-∏- ßfpw a‰pw XpS-ßnb Imew-ap-X¬ C.-Fw. kmdpw _m∏pń lmPn-
Ønte C.-Fw. kmdn\v e`n-®-p. At±lw ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ ¢mkv XpS- bp-amWv Ahn-S-ß-fn-se√mw kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂Xpw Imcy-ß-sf√mw
ww
ßn-bt- ∏mgpw Cu _‘w IqSp-X¬ cqV-aq-ea - m-bn. At\z-jn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw. B _‘w Ah-km-\w-hsc Hcp i‡-amb
IÆn-bmbn XpS-¿-∂p.
ww
_bm-\p¬ Ckvemw aZvdk - b
- psS t\XrXzw A∂v A_vZp¬ _mcn
apkven-bm-cpsS Ic-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂o-SXv ]e-cn-eq-sSbpw ssIam- ta¬ kqNn-∏n® {]Im-it- {kmXpI-fn¬\n∂p shfn®w e`n®p
d-s∏-´v, Ah-km-\w, C.-Fw. kmdns‚ Ic-ß-fn-se-Øp-I-bp≠mbn. XpS-ßn-bt- XmsS C.-Fw.- km¿ ka-kvXb - psS i‡-\m-sbmcp {]h¿Ø-
A∂v XpS-ßnb Cu Bflob_‘-Øns‚ km[pX km£m-XvIc - n- I\pw ktµi{]Nm-c-I-\p-ambn amdn. ]n∂oSv AXns‚ ]e ao‰nw-Kp-
°-s∏-Sp-Ib- m-bn-cp∂p AXn-eq-sS. A–p¬ _mcn DkvXm-Zns‚ AtX I-fnepw \nXykm∂n-[y-ambn. kakvX Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-
hgn-bn¬X-s∂-bmWv Ct∏mgpw aZvdk k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- j≥, kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-j≥, Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F-^n\p
sX∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Cu ]mc-ºcy _‘w AW-bmsX Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ s{S‚ v XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS kp{]-[m\ NmeI
kq£n-°m≥ C.-Fw. kmdpw {]tXyIw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. i‡n-bmbn. F√m-hc - p-sSbpw Hcp ss[j-WnI t{kmX-m-bn.
22 23
v Iw
m
.co
.co
da
da
hu
hu
rul
rul
da
da
w.
w.
ww
ww hoSv
24 25
v Iw
Adn-hnse IpSpw_w
m
FS-°-≠-Øn¬ Xd-hmSv ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse t]cptI´ Xd-hm-Sp-I-
.co
fn-sem-∂m-Wv. BZy-Ime P∑nIpSpw-_ß - f- n-sem-∂v. hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂
.co
Nne IpSpw-_-ßƒ am{Xw Xma-kn-°p∂ \mSm-W∂v ]pXp-∏-d-ºv.
_m°n-bp-≈h - s- c√mw \mb-∑mcpw sXmgn-em-fn-If- p-am-bn-cp-∂p. henb
Irjn`qanbpw ]dºpw A∂nh¿°v kz¥-am-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-
da
bn¬ tPmen sNbvXpw Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ the sNbvXpw hen-
sbmcp ]S Xs∂ Pohn-®p-t]m-∂p.
da
FS- ° - ≠ - Ø n¬ IpSpw_w Fhn- s S- \ n- ∂ mWv h∂- s Xt∂m
AXns‚ {]`hw Fß-s\-bm-sWt∂m hy‡-amb Ncn{Xw ⁄mX-a-
hu
√. F¶nepw Cu IpSpw-_-Øn\v \mev iX-I-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X- ]mc-
hu
ºcyap-s≠∂v A\p-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
t]m°p-sam√ Fs∂m-cm-fm-bn-cp∂p IpSpw-_Ø - nse Adn-bs - ∏-
rul
Sp∂ BZysØ D∏m-∏. At±-l-Øn\v tijw h¿j-ß-tfm-f-ap≈

Ncn-{X-ßƒ°v hy‡-amb bmsXmcp tcJ-bp-an-√. ]n∂o-Sv, IΩp
rul
Fs∂mcp D∏m-∏-bn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu IpSpw_w ]pXp-∏-d-ºn-emsI
hym]n-°p-∂X - .v At±-lØ- n\v c≠v a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aqk-°p-ńbpw
da
t]m°p-hpw. t]m°p-hns‚ GI aI-\m-bn-cp∂p Ip™-lΩ - Zv Ipń.

Jnem-^Øv bp≤ ImeØv s]mSn-bm´v \S∂ ka-c-Øn¬ At±lw
da
c‡-km-£n--bm-bn.
w.
aqk-°p-ń°v c≠p `mcy-am-cnembn Ccp-]-Øn-c-≠v a°-fp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-s\´p t]cm-Wv CXn¬ {]kn-≤¿ - . AXn¬ kp{]-[m-\n-
w.
bmWv A_vZp¬ JmZn¿ lmPn. ]pXp-∏d- º - ns‚ ]›m-Øe - Ø
- n¬ FS-
°-≠Ø - n¬Imsc F√m-hcpw Hm¿°p-∂Xv At±lw apX-em-Wv.
ww
\mńse {][m-\nbpw Imc-W-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p A_vZp¬ JmZn¿
ww
lmPn. \mSns‚ aX kmaq-lnI kmwkvImcnI taJ-e-I-fn-se√mw
hyn‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-®n-cp-∂p. ]pXp-∏-dºv al-√-Øns‚ {]kn-U-≠mbpw
tkh\w sNbvXp. ]fin-X-tcmSpw ⁄m\n-I-tfmSpw kvt\lhpw
BZ-chpw -]p-e¿Øn-bn-cp∂ Bfpw aX-`-‡\p-am-bn-cp∂p. A_vZp¬
_mcn DkvXm-Zn-t\mSpw kn.-F—v DkvXm-Zn-t\m-Sp-sa√mw hfsc ASp-
∏-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
A–p¬ JmZn¿ lmPn kmln-_n\v \mev a°-fm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-
Xv. AXn¬ aqØ-bm-fmWv FS-°≠ - Ø
- n¬ apl-ΩZv F∂ C. apl-
26 27
v Iw
ΩZv kmln-_.v JZoP l÷p-Ω, A_q-_I - ¿v , Ip™m-en-°pń F∂n-
h-cmWv a‰p-≈-h¿.
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn¬ apl-ΩZv F∂v t]cp≈ thsdbpw
A[ym-]-I-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\memWv C. apl-ΩZv F∂Xv Npcpßn C.-
Fw. km¿ F∂ "t]cp-am‰w' kw`-hn-°p-∂X - v. AtXmsS ]ns∂ Fhn-
m
sSbpw Aßs\ Adn-b-s∏-´p. hnZym-`ym-k-am-bn-cp∂p {][m\w
C.-sI. A_q-_Iv¿ (A\p-P≥)
m
IpSpw- _ - Ø n¬\n∂p t\Xrÿm\- ß - f n- t e°pw kmaq- l nI
AwKo-Im-c-ß-fn-te°pw hfsc thK-Øn¬ \S-∂p-I-b-dnb Bfm-bn-
.co
cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. sNdp-∏-Imew apX¬Xs∂ hfsc Imcy-t_m- kvIqfn¬ A©mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Imew A[ym-]-I-cpsS
.co
[hpw DØ-c-hm-ZnØ Nn¥bpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aqØ aI-\m-b-Xp- Cjv S `mP- \ - a m- b n- c p∂p C°m- ° . \∂mbn ]Tn- ° pw. Nn{Xßƒ
sIm-≠p-Xs∂ F√mw hfsc Imcy-£-a-am-bn-Øs∂ ssIImcyw hc°pw. C°m° hc-®n-cp∂ at\m-lc - a
- mb ]e Nn{X-ßfpw A[ym-
sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]-I¿ kvIqfns‚ Npa-cp-I-fn¬ Xq°n-bn-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
da
1970 Ifn¬ Xs∂ C.-Fw. km¿ al√v IΩn-‰n-bn¬ saº-dmbn Rm≥ A©mw ¢mkn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ A∂sØ Rß-fpsS
da
{]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®p. Ip™n-t°map lmPn al√v {]kn-U-≠m-bn- A[ym-]-I≥ A_vZp√ amÃ¿ F\n°v Npa-cnse B Nn{X-ßƒ
cp-∂-t∏mƒ At±lw sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 2004 ¬ Ip™n-t°map ImWn®p X∂p. at\m-lc Nn{X-ßƒ. kvIqfnse A[ym-]-I-cpsS
hu
lmPn ac-Ws - ∏-t∏mƒ al√v {]kn-U≠v ÿm\-tØ-°p-h∂ - p. A∂p a\-n¬ C°m° t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-cp∂ ÿm\w As∂\n°v icn°p
apX¬ acWw hsc At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p B ÿm\w Ae-¶- a\-n-em-bn.
hu
cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ac-W-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ al√p {]kn-U-s≠-∂-t]mse aZvdkm ]c-∏-\-ßmSn-bn-emWv ]n∂oSv C°m° ]Tn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AΩm-h-
{]kn-U≠pam-bn-cp-∂p. ∑m¿ ]c-∏-\-ßm-Sn-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn-emWv A∂v
rul
]pXp-∏d- º- nse ]me-t»cn CØn-°¬ apl-ΩZv lmPn-bpsS aIƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
rul
JZo-P-bmWv `mcy. Bdp a°-ƒ˛ Hcp BWpw A©p s]Æpw: ]c-∏\ - ß
- mSn ]\-bØ - n¬ ]≈n-Z¿kn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmgpw C°m°
kmln-d, Dssa-_m≥, im°n-d, ssJdp-∂n-k, A_vZp¬ Peo¬, kvIqfn¬ H∂mw \º¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v kvIqfn¬ \√
kp\od . apÿ^ Xncq-cß - m-Sn, ^mdqJv aq∂n-bq¿, iwkp-±o≥ sh´w, am¿t°msS hnP-bn-®m¬ kvtImf¿jn∏v e`n-°pw. C°m-°°v AXv
da
imlp¬ laoZv thßc XpS-ßn-bh - ¿

- Pmam-Xm-°ƒ. e`n-®n-cp-∂p. c£n-Xm-°-fm-Wv XpI kvIqfn¬h∂v hmtß-≠-Xv.
da
F∂m¬, ]e-t∏mgpw hońse tPmen-°m-cs - \-bmWv AXv hmßm-\mbn
D∏ ]d™b-®n-cp-∂X - v.
w.
^mdqJv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Imew. ]T-\Ø - ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

bmsXmcp hn´p-ho-gvN°pw C°m° Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]T-\-Im-cy-
w.
Øn¬ F∂pw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ap∂n-¬ \n¬°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
ww
B{K-lw. Ah-km\w ss^\¬ FIvkm-ans‚ kabw ASp-Øp-h-

∂p. FIvkm-an¬ Db¿∂ am¿°v kvtIm¿ sNøm≥ km[n-°n-√m-sb-
ww
s∂mcp òXn h√msX th´-bm-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. AtXmsS CØ-hW
]co£ Fgp- t X≠Xn- s √∂pw ASpØ XhW \∂mbn ]Tn®v
FgpXm-sa∂pw At±lw kzbw Xocp-am-\n-®p. hnh-ca - d
- n™ A[ym-
]-Icpw {]n≥kn-∏fpw C°m-°sb hnfn®v ]e XhW kwkm-cn-®p-
t\m-°n. \∂mbn ]Tn-°p∂ Ipń-bm-bXn-\m¬ A[ym-]I - ¿°v henb
aXn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, C°m° FIvkm-sa-gp-Xm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√.
]n∂oSv ASpØ h¿j- a mWv AXv Fgp- X nb- X v . hfsc D∂X
am¿t°msS A∂v hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tijw, Fd-Wm-Ip-
28 29
v Iw
fsØ alm-cm-Pmkv tImsf-Pn-em-bn-cp∂p ]T-\w. Ahn-sS-\n-∂v kwK-ahpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. sXmÆqdv iX-am\w Bfp-
^m¿akyq-ń-°¬ sIa-nkv{Sn-bn-¬ Fw.-F-kv-kn sNbvXp. Ifpw AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. kwK-aØ - n¬ C°m° hoIm-cX - o-{h-amb
Hcp {]kwKw \S-Øn. s]mXpsh Pohn-Xs - Ø-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp∂p {]kw-
A∂papXte hońse Rß-fpsS ]T\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ {]tXyIw Kw. \mw Xnc-°p-]n-Sn® ùXnI Pohn-XØ - n-\n-Sb
- n¬ aX-]c - a
- mb Nn¥-
{i≤n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw ]T-\-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Rß-tfmSv Iƒ ad-∂p-t]m-Ic - p-sX∂pw aX-Øn-embn Pohn-°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-
kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. Rßƒ°m-sW-¶n¬ ]T-\Ø - n¬ henb Xm¬]-
m
°-Ws - a-∂p-am-Wv At±lw ]d-™X - v. acWw Ft∏mgpw \sΩ ]nSn-
cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. C°m° ]e kmdp-am-scbpw hoń¬ hnfn-®p-sIm- Iq-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. bm{X-bntem Dd-°-Øntem Ft∏mgpw AXv IS-
m
≠p-h∂v Rßƒ°v Syqj≥ ¢mkp-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. ∂p-hc - mw. \Ω-sfms° hml-\Ø - n¬ bm{X sNøp-∂h - c
- m-bX - n-\m¬
.co
aX-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-ambn-cp∂p. F¥p Xnc-°n- A]-IS ac-Wß - fpw kw`-hn-t®-°mw. AXn-\m¬ bYm¿Y PohnXw
\n-Sb
- nepw aX Nn´-Iƒ am\n-°pw. AXv Ign-®n-t´ at‰Xv Imcy-ßƒ°pw ad∂v bmsXm∂pw sNbvXp-t]m-I-cp-Xv. ssZhkvacW Ft∏mgpw a\-
.co
Cd-ßq. n-ep-≠m-IWw...
sNdp∏w apX¬ ]pdØvt]mbn ]Tn-°p-∂b - m-fm-bX
- n-\m¬ Ime- Cßs\ \o≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B {]kw-Kw. {][m-\-
da
ß-tfmfw \mSn-t\mSv henb _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂oSpw CS-°nsS ambpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw \n¿t±-i-ß-fp-am-bn-cp∂p. km[m-cW KXn-bn¬
am{Xta \mń¬ hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Ah-km\w ]T\w Ign™v C°m-°-bpsS kwkm-chpw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. acn-°p-∂-
da
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-Hm-bn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn tN¿∂-Xn\v tij-amWv \mSp- Xns‚ GI-tZiw ]Xn-\©v Znhkw apºm-bn-cp∂p Cu kwK-aw. A∂p
ambn IqSp-X¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. Xs∂ ASpØ kwKaw sabv Hº-Xn\v tNcm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-∂p.
hu
]pXp-∏d- º
- n¬ \n∂v IS-ep≠n∏pg IS-∂m¬ FØp∂ hen-tbm- ]s£, AXn\v aptº F√mw kw`-hn-®p. acn-°p∂ Znhkw cmhnse
hu
d-tbm-Sm-bn-cp∂p Rßƒs°-√m-h¿°pw IqSp-X¬ _‘w. C°m- _mKpw ]nSn®v tdmń-te°v \S-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv Ah-km-\-ambn
°°pw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-°-bpsS Nßm-Xn-amcn¬ Rm≥ C°m-°sb I≠-X.v km[m-cW sNdnb bm{X-Iƒ°v _mKv
FSp- ° m- d p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ n- √ . A∂v _mKp- a mbn t]mIp- ∂ Xv I≠-
rul
IqSp-Xepw Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. B _‘w Hcp-]mSv Imew At±lw
kwc-£n-®p-t]m-∂p. A°m-eØv ]pØ-\ß - mSn ÿe-sa-SpØv hoSp- t∏mƒXs∂ CsXmcp Akm-[m-cW bm{X-bm-sW∂v tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p.
rul
≠m-°m≥ C°m° {iaw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, D∏ AXv hne- Zmdp¬ lpZ-mt]mse [mcmfw aXÿm]-\ß - f
- p-ambn _‘-s∏´v
°n. Aß-s\-bmWv C∂p≈ ÿeØv hoSp-≠m-°p-∂X - .v CtXmsS {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p C°m-°. CS-°nsS Rß-sfbpw
C°m-°b - psS ]pXp-∏d - º
- n-t\m-Sp≈ _‘w IqSp-X¬ i‡-ambn.
da
CØcw aXÿm]-\ß - t- fmSv _‘-s∏-SpØn {]h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-

Rß-fpsS IpSpw-_-Ønse Hmtcm AwK-Øns‚bpw ]T\ ]ptcm-
da
K-Xn-bn¬ C°m-°°v \√ ]¶p-≠.v a°-fpsSbpw t]c-°p-ń-If - psSbpw
ktlm-Zc ]p{Xo-˛] - p-{X-∑m-cpsSbpsa√mw Imcy-ßfn¬ C°m° {i≤n-
w.
®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ GXv taJe skeIvSv sNø-Ws - a∂pw GXv kvIqƒ
w.
sXc-s™-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. kb≥kv
hnj-b-ß-tfm-Sv C°m-°°v h√mØ Xm¬]-cyambn-cp∂p.
ww
klmb kl-Ic - W- ß- f- n¬ C°m° F∂pw ap≥]-¥n-bn-em-bn-

cn°pw. IpSpw_]c-amb klm-b-ßƒ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. F√m-
ww
hcpw HsØmcpatbmsS Ign-bm≥ sImXn® At±lw IpSpw-_-Øn¬
Bcpw IjvS-s∏Sp∂Xv CjvS-s∏-ń-√.
Rß-fpsS DΩ ]c-∏-\-ßmSn \l IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-am-Wv.
A_q-_-Iv¿ F∂-bm-fmWv Rß-fpsS D∏m-∏. At±-l-Øn\v ]{¥≠v
a°-fp-≠.v Ahcpw a°fpw t]c-°p-ń-If - p-ambn C∂Xv hf¿∂v ]¥-
en®v hen-sbmcp IpSpw-_-ambn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
CubnsS C°m° ap≥ssI-sb-SpØv \l IpSpw-_Ø - ns‚ Hcp
30 31
v Iw
°p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. kabw In´p- t ºmƒ Zmdp¬ lpZm- b nepw a‰pw
t]mIm\pw kl-I-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°m\pw \nc-¥cw ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p. ]e-hn[ Imc-Wß - f - m¬ Rßƒ°v AXv sNøm≥ km[n-°m-
Ø-Xn¬ F∂pw k¶-Ss - ∏-ń-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p C°m-°. AXv thZ-
\-tbmsS ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
m
Fs‚ ]T\ Pohn-XØ - n¬ F√m t{]c-Wbpw t{]m’m-l\ - hpw A¤p-Xs- ∏-Sp-Øp-∂- \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ
C.sI. Ip™m-en-Ipń (A-\p-P≥)
m
C°m-°b - m-bn-cp-∂p. F\n-°n-hnsS kvIqfn¬ th≠-t]mse apt∂m´v
t]mhm≥ km[n-°msX h∂-t∏mƒ C°m° Fs‚ t]cv shń Rm≥
.co
Adn-bmsX h≈n-°p-∂nse kvIqfn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn tN¿°p-Ib - p- \mń-sem∂pw ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw A{X km¿h-{Xn-I-a√mØ
.co
≠m-bn. Ahn-SsØ Z¿knepw Fs∂ {]th-in-∏n-®p. ]n∂oSv Ahn- Hcp Ime-ØmWv C°m° ]T-\Ø - n-\mbn Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-∂X - .v Rß-
sS-bmWv Rm≥ ]Tn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. fpsS hoSns\bpw \mSn-s\bpw kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Hcp ]pXnb
Rß-fpsS D∏ \√ Zo\ot_m[-ap≈ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. tamteym- hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p-X-cn-I-bm-bn-cp∂p CXn-eq-sS. Fs‚ D]-cn-]-T-\-hpw
da
cp-∏m-∏ (A-_Zv p¬ _mcn DkvXm-Z)v b - p-ambn Ah¿°v \√ _‘-am- C°m-°-bpsS t{]c-Wbpw am¿K-Z¿i-\-hpw aqe-am-bn-cp-∂p.
bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tPyjvT\pw AtX am¿K-Øn-emWv
da
sNdp∏w apXte hońepw kvIqfnepw Hcp thdn´ hy‡n-Xz-am-
hf¿∂-Xv. sNdp∏ ImeØv \mńse {]K¬`-cmb ]e DkvXm-Zp-am- bn-cp∂p C°m-°-. Bfp-I-sfm∂pw A{X \nkvI-cn-°mØ A°m-
scbpw D∏ hoń-te°v £Wn-°pw. Ah¿ hoń¬ C°m-°° - mbn
hu
eØv At±lw kp∂Øv hsc \nkvIc - n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. sshIp-t∂cw
Syqj≥ FSp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw CØcw ¢mkp-If - n¬ C°m- kvIqfn¬\n∂p h∂m¬ \nkvI-cn® tijw am{Xta `£Ww Ign-
hu
°-tbm-sSm∏w D∏bpw Ccn-°m-dp-≠v. ®n-cp-∂p-≈q. Xo¿Øpw A®-S-°-tØm-sS-bp≈ Hcp Pohn-X-ambncp-
sNdp∏ Imew apX¬Xs∂ hnime hmb-\-bpsS Bfm-bn-cp∂p. ∂p. AXn- \ m¬, D∏- b n¬\n∂p Hcp XhW t]mepw iImcw
rul
ae-bm-fw Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-ß-fmWv IqSp-X-embpw hmbn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. tIƒt°≠n h∂n-√.

^mdq- J n¬ ]Tn- ° p∂ Ime- Ø pXs∂ CXv XpS- ß n- b n- c p- ∂ p.
rul
aX-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ùXnIw t]mse-Ø-
sj¬^nepw tai-∏p-dØpw Ft∏mgpw ]pXnb ]pXnb ]pkvX-I- s∂ Pohn-XØ - ns‚ A\n-hmcyXbm°n a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp∂p C°m-
ßƒ ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. °. AXn-\m¬, aZvdkm ]T-\Ø - n\v tijw Z¿kv C°m-°b - psS Pohn-
da
\s√mcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p. Hcp-]mSv IY-Ifpw X-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. FhnsS ]Tn-°m≥ t]mbmepw AXv \ne-
da
t\mh-ep-I-fp-sa√mw Fgp-Xnbn-´p≠v. kz¥-ambn Fgp-Xn-b-XmtWm ®p-t]m-ImsX kq£n-®p. _n.-F-kvkn°p ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp-hsc
AtXm at‰-sX-¶nepw Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ hnh¿Ø-\-amtWm Z¿kv ]T\w \ne-\n¿Øn. Ipd-®p-Imew ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse A_vZp¬
w.
F∂v F\n-°d - n-bn-√. GXm-bm-epw, kz¥w ssI∏-Sb - n-se-gp-Xnb at\m- _mcn DkvXm-Zns‚ sNdnb ]≈n-bn-embncp∂p. Ae-hn-°pń apkven-
l-ca- m-sbmcp t\mh¬ hmbn-®Xv Rm\n-t∏mgpw Hm¿°p-∂p. [mcmfw bm-cm-bn-cp∂p A∂v Ahn-SsØ DkvXm-Zv. Fs∂bpw A∂v AhnsS
w.
t]Pp-If - p≈ Hcp ]pkvXI - a- m-bn-cp∂p AXv. B{^n-°b - nse \ot{Km- ]Tn-°m≥ C°m° \n¿_-‘n®v sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw. C°m° henb
Isf ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°n-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. Iptd Imew B ]pkvXIw henb InXm-_p-I-fm-bn-cp∂p HmXn-bn-cp-∂-Xv; Rm≥ apX-^¿cn-Zpw.
ww
sj¬^n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSXv ImWm-sX-bm-bn. a™m-ΩmSv ]pg-°-c- A∂v henb Ifn-I-fp-sSbpw Bƒ°q-´-
ww
\mSns‚ \m\m `mKØpw A\-h[n \√ kvt\ln-Xc-- p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ß-fp-sSbpw tI{µ-am-bn-cp-∂p. sshIp-t∂-c-am-bm¬ sNdp-∏-°mcpw
Ah¿ CS-°nsS IØp-I-sf-gp-Xp-w. F√m-h-cp-ambpw ASpØ _‘- A√m- Ø - h cpw AhnsS Hcp- a n- ® p- I q- S pw. ]s£, C°m° AXn-
Ønepw kvt\l-Øn-ep-amWv Ign-™X - v. F√m-h¿°pw henb Imcy- s\m∂pw t]mbn-cp-∂n-√. Fs¥-¶nepw D]-Im-c{- ]-Za - mb Imcy-ßf - n¬
am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lsØ BZ-cn-°p-Itbm _lp-am-\n-°p-Itbm apgp-Ip-I-bm-Wt±lw sNbvX-Xv. ]e-t∏mgpw Fs∂bpw Ifn-°m≥
sNømØ Bcpw Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. hnhn[ hnj-bß - f - n-ep-ap≈ t]mIm≥ A\p-hZ- n-®n-√. ]Icw Z¿kn¬ t]mIm≥ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Xs‚ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Adn-hm-bn-cp∂p Imc-Ww. \s√mcp s]bv‚ nw-Kp-Im-c\
- m-bn-cp∂p C°m-°. t^mt´m t\m°n
hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn Bfp-Isf hsc hc-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. s]bv‚ nw-
Kns‚ anIhv ImcWw t^mt´m GXm-sW-∂p-t]mepw Xncn-®-dnbpI
32 33
v Iw
{]bm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. kplr-Øp-°-fp-sSbpw ho´p-Im-cp-sS-bp-sa√mw ßƒ Dcp-hn´psIm-≠n-cn°pw. Np≠p-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw Nen-°p∂Xmtb
Nn{X-ßƒ hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn Im≥hm-kn¬ hc-®p-sh-°p-am-bn- ImWm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≈q.
cp-∂p. A°mew Iptd kabw AXn\v th≠n sNe-h-gn-®n-cp-∂p. Rm≥ F∂pw cmhnse Hmô-kn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ C°m°
]c-∏\ - ß- m-Sn-bnse Hcp Xß-fpsS t^mt´m C°m° hc-®p-sh-®n-cp- tdmU-cn-In¬ hml\w ImØp-\n¬°p-∂Xv ImWpw. ]e-t∏mgpw
∂p. At±-lsØ Rm≥ t\cn´v I≠n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. t\csØ acn- Ahn-sS-\n∂v Rm\mWv Aßm-Sn-bn-te°v Ib-‰n-s°m≠v t]mhpI.
m
®p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. C°m° hc® Nn{Xw I≠-Xn-\m¬ B t^mt´m Nne Znh-k-ß-fn¬ t\c-sØ-Øs∂ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw t]mIm-\p-
Ct∏mgpw Fs‚ a\-n¬ aßmsX \n¬°p-∂p-≠v.
m
s≠-¶n¬ "Ft∏m-gmWv ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂Xv...' F∂v Ft∂mSv hnfn-®p-tNm-
sNdp∏ImeØv shdpsX Aßm-Sn-bn¬ t]mIm≥ C°m° Zn-°pw. C°m-°°v Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw t]mIm-\p-s≠∂v At∏mƒ a\-
.co
Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ft∏mgpw Hcp apXn¿∂ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS n-em-°mw. _kn-em-Wv km[m-cW bm{X sNbvXn-cp-∂X - v.
.co
]Iz-X-tbmsSbmWv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. GI-tZiw Hcp \m¬]-Xv-˛- ssIbn- e p≈ ]W- s a√mw Fs¥- ¶ nepw kmaq- l nI t£a
\m¬∏-Øn-b©v hb-p-hsc Hcp A\ykv{Xotbm-Sp-t]mepw A`n- {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°mbn sNe-h-gn-°pw. tNmZn-®p-h-cp-∂-h-cm-scbpw
ap-Ja
- mbn kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. al-√n- s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn- shdpsX aS-°n-bn√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ssIbn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ]W-
da
se√mw FØn-b-Xn\p tijw, A\n-hm-cy-ambn hcp-tºmƒ am{Xta ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw tcmKn-Itfm a‰p Bh-iy-°mtcm h√
Aßs\ sNbvXn-cp-∂p-≈q. Imcyhpambn h∂m¬ Bsc-sb-¶nepw kao-]n®v Abm-fpsS Bh-
da
hnim-e-amb hmb-\-bpsS Bfm-bn-cp∂p C°m-°. IY-Ifpw iy-ßƒ \nd-th-‰n-s°m-Sp-°pw. acn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ipd®p Znh-k-ßƒ
t\mh-ep-Iepw \√-t]mse hmbn-°pw. Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNøpw. s]mXp- apºp t]mepw Rß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw ]Ww tiJ-cn®v ASpØ Hcp
hu
{]-h¿Ø-\Ø - n¬ Cd-ßn-Øp-Sß - n-bt- Xm-sS-bmWv CXn-se√mw sNdn- tcmKn°v \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.
hu
b-tXm-Xn¬ Ipdhv I≠p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pnse Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ C°m-°t- bmSv _nkn-\kv XpS-ßp-∂X - n-s\-°p-
Fs‚ A[ym-]-I≥ IqSn-bm-Wv C°m-°. {]oUn{Kn-bnepw _n.-F- dn®v kwkm-cn-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. \ap°v c≠mƒ°pw-IqSn H∂v XpSßmw
rul
kvknbnepw Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Fs∂ XpS¿®-bmbn IqSp-X¬ F∂ `mh-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ kwkm-cw. At±lw ]d™p: Rm≥
h¿j-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n® Htc-sbmcp A[ym-]I - ≥ C°m°bm-Wv. XpS¿- _nkn-\kv XpS-ßn-bm¬ AsXm-cn-°epw hnP-bn-°n-√. Imc-Ww,
rul
®-bmbn A©v h¿jw At±lw Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®p. tijw, Fw.-Fkvkn- Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈h - ¿°t√ AXv \S-°pIbp-≈q. F\n°v _nkn-\k - n¬
°mbn Rm≥ Aeo-KV - n-te°p Xncn-®p. C°m° Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p bmsXmcp Xm¬]-cy-hp-an-√... F∂pw A¬`p-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p
da
t{]c-Iw. C°m-°b - psS Hmtcm \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ.

A]m-c-amb Hm¿a-i-‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p C°m-°-°v. CXv Rm≥
da
Hmtcm Ieym-WØ - n\pw t]mIp-am-bn-cp∂p C°m-°. Nne-t∏mƒ,
tImsf-Pn¬\n∂p icn°v a\-n-em-°nbXmWv. Rm≥ {]oUn-{Kn°p Htc Znhkw \mepw A©pw Ieym-W-Øn\v hsc t]mIpw. ]e-
tN¿∂ h¿jw-Xs∂ C°m-°-bm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS kmdv. A∂v
w.
t∏mgpw cm{Xn-I-fn-emWv IpSpw-_-Ønse Ieym-W-Øn\v t]mbn-cp-∂-

Rß-fpsS ¢mkn¬ F¨]Xv Ipń-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GsXmcp Xv. CsX-¥m-sW∂v tNmZn-®t- ∏mƒ, IeymW Znhkw t]mbm¬ Xnc-
w.
A[ym-]-I≥ h∂mepw {]k‚ v FSp-°m≥ A©mdv an\ps´-¶nepw °n-\n-Sb - n¬ Bscbpw ImWm≥ km[n-°n√; F∂m¬, IeymW cm{Xn
Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. F∂m¬, C.-Fw. kmdn\v \mtem At©m t]mbm¬ _‘-Ønse F√m-scbpw ASp-Øp-Im-Wm\pw kwkm-cn-
ww
sk°‚ v am{Xw aXn. Imc-Ww, Hmtcm s_©nepw Ccn-°p∂ Ipń- °m\pw ]cn-N-b-ßƒ ]pXp-°m\pw km[n-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p {]Xn-
Isfbpw a\n¬ IW-°p-Iq-´m≥ At±-lØ - n\v km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-
ww
I- c n- ® n- c p- ∂ - X v . IpSpw__‘ßƒ \ne- \ n¿Øp- ∂ - X n¬ F∂pw
∂p. AXn-\m¬, ¢mkn¬ C√m-Ø-h-sc-bmWv km¿ a\-kp-sIm≠v _≤{i≤- ]pe¿Øn.
IW-s°-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. s_©v ss_ s_©v AXv t\m°p-am-bn-cp-
\n¿am-Wm-flI _p≤n-bp≈ Hcp s{]m^-kd - m-bn-cp∂p C°m-°.
∂p. hfsc s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Hmtcm-cp-
km[m-cW - tImsfPv A[ym-]I - ¿°v c≠v aWn-°qtd Uyqń-bp-≠m-
Ø-scbpw a\-n¬ Hm¿Øp-sh-°m≥ Akm-[m-c-W-amb _p≤n-i-
hm-dp-≈q. _m°n- Hgnhv ka-ba - m-bn-cn-°pw. AXv shdpsX sNe-hg - n-
‡nbmbn-cp∂p.
°m- d mWv A[n- I - a m- f p- I - f pw. F∂m¬, Hmtcm \nan- j - Ø n\pw
kabw Ft∏mgpw Aaq-ey-am-bn-cp∂p C°m-°-°v. ]pkvXI hne\¬In-bn-cp∂ C°m-° A[ym-]\w Ign-™m¬ t\sc ASpØ
hmb-\b - m-bn-cp∂p {][m\ tPmen. A√m-Øt- ∏mƒ Jp¿-B≥ kq‡- {]h¿Ø\ tI{µ-Øn-te-°v \oßpw. apgp-k-abw I¿a-\n-c-X\mbn-
34 cp∂p. kaqlw F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B 35 a\-n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ GI Nn¥.
AXn-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p B Pohn-X-hpw.
v Iw
sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. ]®-°d - n-tbmSv h√mØ CjvSa - m-bn-cp-∂p. hoń¬ ]e-
t∏mgpw ]®-°-dn-bmWv hmßn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. `£Ww hfsc Ipd®v
am{Xta Ign-°q. ]®-°-dn-bmWv IqSp-X-embpw Ign-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
F¥v hnj-aß - ƒ t\cn-´mepw AXv ]c-ky-am-°msX kln-°pw.
AXn¬ bmsXmcp {]bm-khpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°n√. AtX-ka - b
- w, A\y-
m
kvt\lw am{Xw I≠p C° cpsS kt¥m-jØ - n-em-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚ kt¥m-jw. GXv {]Xn-
]n. sF. JZoP (`m-cy)
m
k-‘n-L-´-ß-fnepw A\y-cpsS IÆo-scm-∏m≥ kabw Is≠-Øpw.
\m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-°m-cp-sSbpw a\v hmbn-®m-bn-cp∂p
.co
`¿Ømhv, IpSpw_ \mY≥ F∂o \neIfnse√mw kvt\l emf- Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Pohn-®ncp-∂-Xv. Bcp-a-dn-bmsX ]mh-ß-fn¬ ]mh-
.co
\-tbm-sS-bp≈ s]cp-am-‰a - mWv C°-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. IpSpw-__ - ‘- - ßsf Is≠Øn Ahsc ka-m[m-\n-∏n-°m≥ FØp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂X - n¬ Hcp {]tXyI Xcw Xm¬]-cyhpw Bth- kmº-Øn-Ia - mbpw imco-cn-Ia - mbpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-w. H∂p-
i-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. ASpØ IpSpw-_-°msc t]mse-Øs∂ AI∂ an-s√-¶n¬ Hcp \√ hms°¶nepw ]d-bmsX Hcm-sfbpw Xncn-®b - °
- n-
da
IpSpw-_° - m-tcmSpw At`Zy-amb _‘w \ne-\n¿Øn. √. hn\-bhpw im¥-Xbpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hnj-a-ßƒ tIƒ°m-
\p≈ Hcp a\-p-am-bn-cp∂p {]tXy-I-XIƒ. CXv F√m-bn-SØpw
da
hen-b-h-sct∂m sNdn-b-h-sct∂m hyXym-k-an-√m-sX-bmWv Bfp-
C° {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Hcmƒ°pw Ah-tcmSv
I-tfmSv s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]Xp-ßnb kzc-Øn¬ kvt\lw In\n-
FXn¿t∏m hntZz-jtam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v, kvt\l-am-bn-cp-∂p.
hu
bp∂ Xc-Ønem-bn-cp∂p kwkm-cw. B kwkmcw tI´m¬ Bcpw
AXn¬ ebn-®p-t]m-Ipw. Bsc-¶nepw h√ Ieym-Wtam at‰m ]d- IpSpw-_-Øntem at‰m Bsc-¶nepw ]c-kv]cw ]nW-°-ap-≠m-
hu
™m¬ kz¥w ]Wn-Is - f√mw am‰n-sh®v \mń-seØn Ah-bn¬ ]s¶- bm¬ kzbw apt∂m-´p-h∂v AXv kwkm-cn®v Xo¿°pw. Bcpw AI∂v
Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Xcw Bthiam-bn-cp-∂p AXn-se√mw. IpSpw_ \n¬°p-∂Xv CjvSs - ∏-ń-√. CS-°nsS IpSpw-_° - m-sc√mw kwK-an-°-
rul
_‘-ßƒ apdn-bmsX kq£n-°W - s - a∂pw ASp-Øh - c

- p-ambpw AI- W-sa∂pw Ipd®v Znh-k-ß-fn¬ H∂n®p \n¬°-W-sa∂pw ]d-bp-w.
∂-hc- p-ambpw kZm _‘w \ne-\n¿Ø-Ws - a∂pw CS-°nsS ]d-bpw. acn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ipd®v Znh-k-ßƒ°p apºpw C°mcyw {]tXyIw
rul
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. acn-°p-∂X - ns‚ Xte Znhkw s]Ïp-ń-Is - f-°p-
hoń¬ Hcp aXm-¥-co£w \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ft∏mgpw {i≤n-®p.
dn® Nn¥-bm-bn-cp∂p. A∆nj-b-I-ambn Ft∂mSv ]eXpw kwkm-cn-
Ipń-I-tfmSpw t]c-°p-ń-I-tfmSpw AXn-\mbn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw.
da
®n-cp-∂p. km[m-cW Fhn-tS-s°-¶nepw bm{X t]mIp-tºmƒ Hcp

Ahsc \nkv I - c n- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw aX- I m- c y- ß ƒ ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw
Xh-W-sb-¶nepw ]d-™mWv t]mImdv. Ah-km\ bm{Xmka-bØv
da
sNøm≥ {]tXyIw Xm¬]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p.
km[m-c-W-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ {]mhiyw bm{X ]d-™n-cp-∂p.
h√m-sØmcp k¬°mc {]nb≥Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p. hoń-em-sc-
XpWnbpw Ip∏m-bhpw F√mw Ae°n _mKn¬ sh®v sImSp-
w.
¶nepw h∂m¬ Ah-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah¿°v

°p-tºm-sgm∂pw CsXmcp Ah-km\ bm{X-°mWv Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp°p-
`£Ww hnf-ºp-∂-Xnepw B\µw Is≠-Øn. GsX-¶nepw bm{X-
w.
∂sX∂v Hm¿Øn-´p-t]m-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp Zo¿L bm{X t]mIm-
Iƒ Ign-™p-h-∂mepw kvIqfn¬\n∂v h∂mepw h√mØ £oW-
\p-s≠∂v {]tXyIw ]d-™n-cp-∂p. shfpØ {UkmWv _mKn¬
sa∂v ]d-bp-w. F∂m-epw, bm{X-I-fn¬\nt∂m s]mXp- {]h¿Ø-\-
ww
D≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. km[m-cW Ign-°m-dp≈ Kpfn-II - fpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

ß-fn¬\nt∂m AI∂p \n¬°m≥ H´pw CjvS-s∏-ń-√. AXn-\p-th-
ww
≠n-sbms° F{X Zqchpw Xm≠pw. F∂pw hfsc t\csØ Xs∂ Fgp-t∂‰v \nkvIm-chpw a‰p
{]`mX the-Ifpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xnhv t]mse Ah-km\ Znh-
Nne-t∏m-sgms° hoń¬ Hgn-™n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Bfp-If - p-am-bp≈
khpw C° AXv \n¿h-ln-®p. Nmb IpSn®v A∂v hoń¬\n∂v Cd-
CS-]m-Sp-Isf Ipdn®v kwkm-cn-°p-w. B¿s°m-s°-bmWv sImSp-°m-
ßn-bt- ∏m-tg°pw F´v Fć aWn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {Ukpw km[-\ß - fpw
\p-≈-sX∂pw Bscm-s°-bmWv Xcm-\p-≈-sX∂pw ]d-bp-w. Xcm-\p-
ASp-°n-sh® _mKv ssIbn¬ Xq°n-bm-Wv hoSns‚ ]Sn-If - n-dß- n-b-
≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ft∏mgpw IqSp-X¬. hoń¬ Ft∏mgpw Hcp Xpd∂
Xv. hoSn\p apºnse sNΩ¨ tdmUn-eqsS {][m\ tdmUn-te°v \S-
]pkvXIw t]mse-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bmsXm∂pw ad-®p-sh-°p-Itbm Adn-
∂-Ie - p∂ ImgvNC - t∏mgpw IÆn¬ ambmsX \n¬°p∂p.
bmsX kq£n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. F√mw Xpd-∂p-]d - b
- p-am-bn-
cp-∂p. ssIbn-ep≈ Imtim IW-°p-Itfm ad®p ]nSn-°p-Ibpw
36 37
v Iw
m
thZ-\I
- ƒ Poh-izmkw t]mse th´-bm-Sn-bn-cp∂p
C.-sI. ssJdp-∂nk (a-Iƒ)
m
.co
hoń¬ Rß-fpsS {]nb-s∏´ D∏-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw kZm
.co
kap-Zm-bs - Ø-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ thh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvX Hcp Zbm-\p-Iº - b - p≈ Bfm-bn-´m-Wv D∏sb Rßƒ°v A\p-
`-hs
- ∏-ń-´p≈Xv. hoń-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw ]e-t∏mgpw CtX Nn¥bpw
da
kz]v\hpw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏m-°.v GXv \ne-hm-cØ - n¬ \n¬°p∂
Bfp-I-tfmSpw Ah¿°-\p-k-cn®v s]cp-am-dm-\p≈ Hcp Ignhv D∏m-
da
°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]d-bpambncp-∂p. Xs‚ kz¥w thZ-\-Iƒ kzbw ISn-®-a¿Øp-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-tcmSpw ]¶p-sh-°m≥ CjvS-s∏-ń-√.
hu
\m´p-Im¿ D∏m-bpsS Hcp Zu¿_-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahsc klm-
bn-°p-I, Ah-cpsS hnj-a-ß-fn¬ ]¶p tNcp-I, AhcpsS k¶-S- Xs‚ ÿm]-\ß - s
- f-°p-dn®v D∏m°v Ft∏mgpw \qdv \qdv kz]v\-
hu
ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcw ImWpI XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn-emWv Ft∏mgpw ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv ]e-t∏mgpw D∏ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
apgp-In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]e-t∏mgpw ]cn-kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬\n∂phsc am\- ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im-c-\m-sW-¶nepw IS-ep-≠n-bn-emWv D∏ P\n-®-Xv.
rul
kn-Ia- mbn hnj-aß - ƒ A\p-`h - n-°p∂ ]e-cpw D∏-sb-tØSn hoń¬ _mey Imew Ign-®p-Iq-ń-bXpw Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ IS-
hcp-w. Hcp sskt°m-fP - n-Ãns\ t]mse Ah-cpsS {]bm-kß - s - f√mw
rul
ep≠n Ft∏mgpw D∏m-bpsS s\mÃmƒPnbbmbn-cp-∂p.
]d™v, ]cn-lc - n-®X
- n\v tijw am{X-amWv D∏ Ah-sc-sb√mw ]d-
IS- e p- ≠ n- b nse Xd- h m- ´ p- h o- ´ n¬ CS- ° nsSbp≠m- h m- d p≈
™-b-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ft∏mgpw kaq-lw, kaqlw F-∂p≈ D∏m-bpsS
IpSpw_ kwKaw kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv D∏-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IpSpw-_-°m-
da
Aan-X-amb kmaq-lnI {]nXn-_-≤X kzm¿Y Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-cmb

sc√mw Hcp-an-®n-cp∂v \√ Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bp-Is - b-∂Xv D∏m°v Gsd
Rßƒ°v ]e-t∏mgpw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥Xs∂ Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√.
da
CjvSa - p≈ Imcy-am-Wv. AXn-s‚-sbmcp km£m-XvIm-ca - m-bn-cp∂p Cu
D∏sb°pdn®v Hm¿°p-tºmƒ thKw a\-n-te°v HmSn-hc - p-∂Xv kwK-aw. CubnsS \S∂ Hcp kwK-a-Øn¬ D∏ \-Ønb {]kwKw
w.
B emfn-Xy-am-Wv. kz`m-h-Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ CXv. thj-Øn- Gsd hnImc Xo{h-am-bn-cp-∂p. D∏-bpsS A°m-Z-anI {]kw-K-ßƒ
se-∂t- ]mse Pohn-XØ - n¬ apgp-s°bpw ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. hońepw am{Xw tI´p-]c - n-Nb
- a- p≈ Rßsf kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw Gsd lrZy-
w.
]pdØpw Hcp km[m-cW - °- m-c\
- mbn Ign-bm-\mWv CjvSs
- ∏-´Xv. D∏- am-bn-cp∂p AXv. IpSpw_ kwK-a-ßƒ°v h√mØ ]hn-{X-X-bmWv
bpsS Adnhpw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw AwKo-Im-c-ßfpw F√mw sh®v Ah¿ I¬∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. PohnXw \∂m-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw \∑
ww
thW-sa-¶n¬ Fß-s\bpw Pohn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, s]men-hnepw I¬]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®psams°-bmWv D∏ A∂v kwkm-cn-®-Xv.
ww
{]I-S\]c-X-bn-ep-sam∂pw D∏m°v Xosc hnizm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
Hcn-°epw Nn¥n-°pI t]mepw sNbvXn-cp-∂n√ D∏m-bpsS A{]-
Hcmƒ°pw hnj- a - ß fp≠m- ° msX Pohn- ° pI F∂- X m- b n- c p∂p
Xo-£nX th¿]m-Sv. kln-°m-hp-∂-Xnepw A∏p-d-Øm-WXv. tcmK-
At±lw B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
ßƒ°p apºn¬ D∏ ssIs°m≠ £a AXpt]mse ssIs°m-
F{Xtbm {]iv\-ßƒ \nd-™-Xm-bn-cp∂p D∏m-bpsS Pohn-Xw. ≈m≥ Rß-fp-an-hnsS \n¿_‘n-Xc - m--I - p - ∂ p.
Pohizmkw t]mse thZ-\-Iƒ th´-bm-Sn-bn-cp∂psh-¶nepw Ah-
sbms° Hfn-∏n-®p, ad-®p-sh-®p. "PohnX {]iv\-ßƒ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ Rm≥ C{Xsbm∂pw Pohn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√' F∂v At±lw
38 39
v Iw
Xs∂ D∏m°v Nne imco-cnI Akz-ÿ-X-Iƒ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-
≠m-bn. DSs\ tlmkv]n-‰n-en¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. AUvan-‰m-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Xe-t®m-dn¬ sNdnb tªm°v h∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p {]iv\w. DSs\
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn-te°v hnfn®p ]d-bm≥ ]d-™p. AhnsS D∏m°v
th≠n {]tXyIw ZpB \S-∂p. B ZpB-bm-bn-cn°pw AXn¬\n∂p
"_m∏p Cukv tKmbnMv...'
m
c£-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-Ws - a∂v D∏ CS-°nsS FSpØp ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
C.-sI. A_vZp¬ Peo¬ (a-I≥)
m
\mSp-I-fn¬ s]mXpsh ImW-s∏-Sp∂ BUw-_-c-ß-tfmSpw
s]men-a-I-tfm-Sp-sam∂pw D∏m°v bmsXmcp Xm¬]-cyhpw D≠m-bn-
.co
Hcp an\n Syqj≥ sk‚-dm-bn-cp∂p ]≠p-ap-Xte Fs‚ hoSv. cp-∂n-√. Ah-sb-sb√mw h¿Pn-°m-\mWv Ah¿ Ft∏mgpw ]d-™n-
.co
Hmtcm Imcyhpw D∏ hoń¬ CcpØn ]Tn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Nne- cp-∂-Xv. acn-°p-∂X- n\p Ipd®p apºmWv D∏m-bpsS DΩm-bpsS IpSpw-
t∏mƒ ASn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. IW-°,v Cw-•o-j,v ]ns∂, Ad_n {Kma¿ _-Øn¬ IpSpw_ kwKaw \S-°p-∂X - v. D∏ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv
XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv {][m-\-ambpw Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ss_Øp- kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂X - v. Rß-sf-sb√mw AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]cn-
da
cq-]Ø
- n-ep-≈, {]kn-≤a - m-sbmcp Ad_n hymI-cW {KŸ-Øn¬\n∂v ]mSn hfsc hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ hfsc k¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cp∂p.
hfsc an\-°´v Fs∂ [mcmfw ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]s£, H∂p-an-t∏mƒ
da
Hm¿a-bn-en-√. A∂p ]Tn-®X - n¬ "JXe ZmhqZp PmeqØ' Fs∂mcp \n¿_-‘a- mbn-cp-∂n√,
DZm-lc- Ww am{X-amWv C∂v Hm¿a-bn-ep-≈X - v.
hu
t{]c-W-bm-bn-cp∂p ssien
]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬\n∂p A∂v a‰p Nne Ipń-Ifpw D∏m-bpsS C.-sI. kp\od (a-Iƒ)
hu
ASpØv ]Tn-°m-\mbn h∂n-cp-∂p. Cw•ojpw IW°pw ]Tn-°m≥
Ab¬]-°sØ c≠p Ipń-If - p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cw•ojv {Kma¿ ]Tn-
rul
∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcn-°-¬ D∏ tNmZn®p: Rm≥ t]mhp-I-bmWv Hcp Imcy-Øn\pw D∏ Rßsf \n¿_-‘n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. D∏
F∂v Fß-s\-bmWv Cw•o-jn¬ ]d-bp-I? Ipń ]d™p: "_m∏p F¥mtWm Rß-sf-s°m≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv AXn\p th≠n \nc-
rul
Cukv tKmbnMv...' D∏m-bpsS apJØv At∏m-gp-≠m-b B ]p©ncn ¥cw t{]c-WI - ƒ \¬Ipw. Cu t{]c-WI - fpw {]tNm-Z\- ß
- fpw e`n-
Rm\n-t∏mgpw ImWp-∂p. °p-tºmƒ Rßƒ°pw AXmIpw Xm¬]-cyw. Ah-km\w, Rßƒ
da
Ipń-Isf hfsc kvt\ln-®n-cp∂p D∏. Ahsc hnt\m-Z-bm- sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv D∏ t\csØ a\n¬ I≠Xp Xs∂ Bbn-
{X°pw a‰pw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn¬ henb Xm¬]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. am- d p- I bpw sNøpw! ]T- \ - Ø ns‚bpw hnhm- l - Ø ns‚bpw
da
Rß-sfbpw t]c-°p-ń-I-sf-bp-sa√mw BZy-ambn s{Sbn≥ bm{X°v Imcyßfnse√mw D∏-bpsS ssien CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sIm≠p-t]m-bXv D∏-bm-W.v Ipń-°m-eØv ]pg-bn¬ ao≥ ]nSn-°m\pw A[ym-]\ - taJ-eb- n¬ {]h¿Øn-°m-\mWv D∏ t{]cW \¬In-
w.
sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. acn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ipd-®p-apºv Ipń-I-sf- bn-cp-∂-Xv. hcp-am\am¿Kw F∂-Xn-e-∏pdw Hcp kmaqly tkh-\-amWv
w.
sb√mw Iqń arK-im-e-bnepw ae-ºp-g-bn-epw t]mhp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AsX-∂m-bn-cp∂p D∏m-bpsS D]-tZ-iw. Adn-bp-∂hAdn-hn-√m-Ø-
IpSpw__‘-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ D∏ hfsc {i≤n-®n-cp- h¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v C-S-°nsS Hm¿an-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw _‘p-ho-Sp-I-fn-te°p t]mIp-tºmƒ Fs∂bpw Rß-fpsS sNdnb sNdnb {]iv\ß - s - f-°pdn®v D∏-tbmSv Bh-
ww
IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂, D∏m-bpsS DΩ hgn°pw em-Xn-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ henb henb {]mcm-_v[-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-
D∏ hgn-°p-ap≈ IpSpw-_-°m-sc-sb√mw \√ ]cn-N-b-am-Wv. tcmKn- sc-°p-dn®v D∏ Rß-tfmSv ]d-™pXcpw. BtcmSpw kwkm-cn-°msX,
Isf kµ¿in-°m\pw D∏ hfsc \n¿_-‘] - q¿∆w Fs∂ ]d-™- \njv{In-bc - mbn Ccn-°p-∂X
- v D∏ CjvSs- ∏-ń-cp-∂n-√. Ft∏mgpw hmb-
b-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-km\ Ime-ß-fn¬ ]g-b-ImesØ ]e Ncn- \-bntem at‰m Bbn Fs¥-¶nepw tPmen-bn¬ apgp-tI-≠n-bn-cp-∂p.
{X-ßfpw kw`-h-ßfpw ]d-™p-X-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]gb Ime P\-ß- ]≠v lrt{ZmKw ]nSn-s]-´-t∏mƒ {]IrXn NnIn-’-bmWv D∏
fpsS Zmcn-{Zy-hpw ]ń-Wn-bpw Hm¿an-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. \S-Øn-b-Xv. ]e CjvS hn`-h-ßfpw AXn-\p-th≠n am‰n-sh-®p. ]e
D∏ acn-°p-∂X - ns‚ GI-tZiw c≠p amkw apºmWv F\n°v `£W coXn-Ifpw Hgn-hm°n. NnIn-’-bpsS N´-h-´-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-
Ip™v ]nd-°p-∂X - v. A∂v, UnkvNm¿Pmbn sIm≠p-h∂ ka-bØ - p- ®mWv ]n∂oSv apt∂m´v t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv.
40 41
v Iw
ambn F\n-s°mcp tlmkv]n-‰-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´v Hcp t{]mPIvSv
sNøm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-th≠n D∏ Fs‚ IqsS tImgn-t°mSv
hcn-I-bp-≠m-bn. A∂v, Xncn-®p-ho-ń-se-Øp-tºmƒ sshIp-t∂-c-am-
bn-cp-∂p. c≠p-t]cpw \√-t]mse £oWn--®n-cp-∂p. s]s´-∂mWv D∏m°v
as‰mcp tImƒ h∂-Xv. D∏ ho≠pw ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. ]n∂oSv Xncn-®p-h-
m
tSm¿®ns‚ shfn-®hpw sh≈ {Upw ∂Xv cm{Xn Gsd sshIn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. £oWw ad-∂p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-
Xp∏n-en-°m´v ep_v\ (acp-aI
- ƒ) ß-fm-bn-cp∂p D∏m-bpsS D≈n¬ Ah-km\w hsc.
m
hoń-em-bn-cn-°p-tºm-sg√mw hmb-\bm-bn-cp∂p ]cn-]m-Sn. Fs‚
.co
kz¥w a°-fn¬ Hcp-hƒ F∂ \ne-°m-bn-cp∂p `¿Xr-]nXm-hmb ]T-\h - p-ambn _‘-s∏´v F¥v kwi-bß - ƒ tNmZn-®mepw IrXy-amb
.co
D∏ Ft∂mSv s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. hońse Imcy-ßƒ F∂-Xn-e-∏pdw adp-]Sn \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. kwi-b-ap-s≠-¶n¬ a‰m-sc-sb¶n-ep-ambn
hnZym-`ymk Imcy-ßfpw D]-cn-]T - \
- s
- Ø-°p-dn-®p-am-bn-cp∂p Ft∏mgpw _‘-s∏´v At∏mƒXs∂ Adn-bn-®p-X-cpw. ]e ]pkvX-I-ßfpw
kwkm-cw. hmbn® tijw Rßƒ°p-X∂v hmbn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
da
IeymWw Ign-™b - p-Ss
- \-Øs∂ Fs∂ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ]n.- D∏ t]msb-¶nepw Ct∏mgpw hoń¬ At±lw Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠v.
cm{Xn hgn-bn¬ tSm¿®ns‚ shfn-®hpw sh≈ {Ukpw ImWp-tºmƒ
da
Pn.°v sIm≠p-t]mbn tN¿Ø-Ws - a-∂Xv D∏-bpsS \n¿_-‘a - m-bn-
cp-∂p. Aß-s\, D∏ Xs∂-bmWv kz¥w dnkv-In¬ Fs∂ D]-cn-]-T- AXv D∏-bmtWm F∂v Ct∏mgpw t\m°n-t∏m-Ip-∂p. At∏m-gpw, kaq-
l-Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp-]mSv \S∂v £oWn® B a\p-jy≥ C\n-sb-
hu
\-Øn-\mbn tN¿Ø-X.v CS-°nsS ]T\Imcy-ßƒ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw. ¶nepw Hc¬]w hn{i-an-t®m-s´- Ft∂m¿Øv kzbw kam-[m-\n-°pw.
hu
]n.Pn°p ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Imew. Hcn-°¬ Fs∂ `¿Øm- Hcp ]mSv \S∂v £oWn® B a\p-jy≥ C\n-sb-¶n-epw hn{i-an-t®m-
hn-s\m∏w F≥.-]n. lm^nkv apl-ΩZv kmsd t]mbn ImWm≥ ]d- s´...
rul
™-b-®p. D]-cn-]-T-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw hgn-bnse km[y-X-Isf Ipdn-
rul
®p-sa√mw kwkm-cn-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p A-b-®-Xv. Xncn-®p-h∂ tijw
Hcp ]n-F-®vUnsb-¶nepw FSp-°Ww; F¶nte Imcy-ap≈q F∂v
At±lw ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
da
Fs‚ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√, Fs‚ ho´p-Im-cpsS ]T-
da
\-Ønepw D∏ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. A\pPs\bpw A\pP-Ønsbbpw
I≠m¬ Ah-cpsS ]T\ Imcy-ßƒ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw henb
w.
t{]m’m-l-\-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.

IpSpw__‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ h√mØ X¬]-c-\m-bn-cp∂p
w.
D∏. Fs‚ IeymWw Ign™ DSs\ D∏-tbmSpw DΩ-tbmSpw IqsS
ww
D∏-bpsS amXm-hns‚ hoSp≈ IS-ep-≠n-bn¬ t]mbn-cp-∂p. As∂-

\n°v D∏-bnse \njvIf - ¶ `mh-ßƒ icn°pw a\-n-em-°m≥ Ign-
ww
™p. Hmtcm ÿe-sa-Øp-tºmgpw sIń-S-ß-sf-Øp-tºmgpw D∏m-
bpsS Ipń-°m-e-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn A∂sØ Hmtcm Hm¿a-
Iƒ ]¶v sh°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]g-b-Ime kw`-h-ßfpw Hmtcm-∂mbn
hnh-cn-®pX-∂p. AXn-\nsS D∏ ]d™p: ""]gb Imcy-ßƒ Cßs\
]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv hb-m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ e£-W-am-Wv.''
F¥n\pw Cdßn {]h¿Øn- ° m≥ Xøm- d p≈ Hcp kPoh
{]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏. ]n.-Pn. sNøp∂ Imew. tImgvkns‚ `mK-
42 43
v Iw
Iog-S°
- n-bX
- v kvt\lw-sIm-≠v
m
sI. Pp_n≥, Fw. Zn¬\ (t]-c°
- p-ń-Iƒ)
m
.co
Rßƒ t]c-°p-ń-I-tfmSv henb Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p D∏-∏m-°v.
.co
Rßƒ F¥p sNbvXmepw AXn\v FXncv ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp
Znhkw Sqdv t]mI-Ws - a∂v ]d-™t- ∏mƒ F√m imco-cnI {]bm-k-
ßfpw kln-®p-sIm≠v ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw Rßsf sIm≠p-t]m-bn.
da
hoń¬ \n∂v \nkvIc - n-°p-tºmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw Rß-fS- ° - p-ap≈
t]c-°p-ń-I-sf-sb√mw Iqń Pam-A-Øm-bn-´mWv D∏∏ \nkvI-cn-®n-
da
cp-∂X - v. \√ Imcy-ßf - n-se√mw Rß-sfbpw ]¶p tN¿°m≥ D∏∏
{i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.
hu
AXym-hi - y-an-√msX [mcmfw {Ukp-Iƒ hmßn-°q-´p-∂Xv Xosc
hu
CjvSa - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXv i‡-ambn FXn¿Øn-cp-∂p. hoń¬\n∂v
`£Ww Ign-°p-tºmgpw F√m-hs - cbpw Hcpan®p-Iq-ń-bmWv `£Ww
rul
Ign-®n-cp-∂-Xv. H‰-°n-cp∂v Ign-°p-∂Xv Ah¿°v CjvS-ap-≠m-bn-cp-
∂n-√. Pohn-XØ - nse B¿`m-Sß-tfm-sSm∂pw Hcp Xm¬]-cy-hpan-√m-
rul
bn-cp-∂p. AØcw Imcy-ßf - n¬\n∂p Rßsf AI‰n \n¿Øm\pw
{]tXyIw {i≤n-®p.
da
Ipń-It- fm-sSm∂pw D∏∏ h√msX tZjyw ]nSn-°p-Itbm NoØ

]d-bp-Itbm sNøn-√. Kuc-ha - mbn h√Xpw ]d-™m¬Xs∂ s]s´∂v
da
XWp-°pw. kvt\lw-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p D∏∏ Rßsf Iog-S° - n-bn-cp-
∂-Xv. kvt\lw- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p iIm-c-hpw.
w.
Nne sshIp-t∂-cß - fn¬ D∏∏ Rß-tfm-sSm∏w \S-°m-\n-dß - p-
w.
am-bn-cp-∂p. aKvcn-_m-bm¬ ]ns∂ \nkvIc - n-®X
- n\p tijw, A¬]w
Jp¿-B≥ HmXn-bn-´√ - msX a‰v bmsXm-∂n\pw hnSn√. Rßƒ IqSn-bn-
ww
cp∂v Ifn-°p-∂Xv ImWm≥ D∏-∏m°v henb B{K-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-
ww
t∏mgpw ]¶p-tN-cp-Ibpw sNøpw.
cmhnse kp_vln \nkvIm-cØ - n-\mbn Fgp-t∂-‰m¬ Rß-sfbpw
AXn-\mbn hnfn®pW¿Øpw. cm{Xn ]Tn-°m≥ Iq´m-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬
ASpØphn-fn®v aSn-bn-en-cpØn th≠ `mj-bn¬ ]Tn-∏n®p Xcp-am-bn-
\mSv
cp-∂p. Ft∏mgpw t]c-°p-ń-Iƒ hoń-ep-≠m-hp-I-sb-∂Xv D∏-∏m°v
henb kt¥m-ja - m-Wv. acn-°p-∂X - ns‚ \mev Znhkw apºpw Rß-
sfbpw sIm≠v Sqdv t]mbn-cp-∂p.
44 45
v Iw
m
]pXp-∏d- º
- ns‚ XW¬hr£w
m
\m´p-Im¿ kvt\l-tØmsS C.-Fw. kmdns\ hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv _m∏p
.co
F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Xß-fpsS \mSns‚ A`n-am\]p{X\v Ah¿ \¬Inb
.co
AwKo-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p CXv. \mńse {]mbw sN∂ Imc-W-h-∑mcpw
]pXp-X-e-ap-dbpw hyXym-k-an-√msX CtX t]cpXs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-®p.
Atß-b‰w kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\hpw BZ-chpw ap‰n-\n¬°p-∂-
da
Xm-bn-cp∂p Ahsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu i_vZw. Aßm-Sn-
bnepw ]≈n-bnepw hońepw ]pg-tbm-cØpw F√mw _m∏p-hm-bn-cp∂p
da
C.- F w. kv t \l- Ø ns‚ B c≠- £ - c - ß ƒ Aßs\ Hcp
XW¬hr£w t]mse ]pXp-∏-d-ºns\ s]mXn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
hu
hnZym-`ymkbm{X-Ifpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw F√mw
hu
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw _m∏p-hns‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ kz¥w \mSn\v
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p H∂mw ÿm\w. ]T\w Ign™v ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H
rul
tImsf-Pn-se-Øn-bXv apX¬Xs∂ \mSp-ambn Ft∏mgpw _‘-s∏-

´p-Xp-S-ßn. ]n∂oSv AXns‚ hf¿®-bnepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnepw At±lw
rul
Aen™p tN¿∂p. \m´p-Im-sc-t∏m-se-Ø-s∂, \mSns\ kw_-‘n-
®n-S-tØm-fw hen-sbmcp NmeIi‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p _m∏p.
da
\mSns‚ hnZym-`ym-khpw kmaq-lnI ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p
da
_m∏p-hns‚ IÆnse shfn-®w. AXn-\p-th≠n bp‡n-]q¿hw, cl-
ky-ambn, kZm {]h¿Øn-®p. Aßs\ \mń¬ Adn-hn≥ shfn-
w.
®hpw kmaq-lnI ta∑bpw ssIh-∂p.

al-√-ns‚ `mc-hm-ln-bm-b-tXmsS \mńse Hmtcm IpSpw-_-Øn-
w.
s‚bpw lrZ-b-Øn¬ Ccn-∏nSw ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CtXm-sS,
\mńse Hmtcm hoSn-s\-°p-dn®pw At±-lØ - ns‚ a\-n¬ cq]-ßƒ
ww
h∂p. HmtcmcpØ-cp-ambpw t\cn´v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-°n. sNdn-b-h-
ww
sct∂m hen-b-h-sct∂m hyXym-k-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Imc-W-h-
∑m-sc-t∏m-se-Øs∂ _m∏p sNdp-∏-°m¿°pw Ipń-Iƒ°pw {]nb-
¶-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-h-cp-ambpw CW-ßn-t®-cm≥ ]‰p∂ Hcp Xcw
{]tXyIw hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p- At±-l-Øn-s‚-Xv.
kvt\lw Xpfp-ºp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p s]cp-am-‰w. hfsc ]Xp-ßn-
bmWv At±lw \S-∂n-cp-∂X - .v A®-S°
- hpw HXp-°hpw Hmtcm Ne-
\-Ønepw {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNdp∏-°m-scbpw Ipń-I-sf-bp-sams°
I≠m¬ tXmfn¬ ssIsh®v Hcp D‰kplr-Øn-s\-t∏mse, kuay-
46 47
v Iw
amb `mj-bn¬ hnh-cß - ƒ At\z-jn-°p-w. thZ-\n-°p-∂h - c
- psS thZ- At±-l-tØmSv hntbm-Pnt∏m ssha-\-kytam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. At±-
\-Iƒ Zpco-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Bcp-a-dn-bmsX Ahsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw l-Øns‚ hm°m-bn-cp∂p F√m-h¿°pw Ah-km\hm°v. B Pohn-
sNøp-w. X-Øn¬ Hcp If¶w ImWn-°m≥ Hcmƒ°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√m-sb∂v
]e- t ∏mgpw al- √ - n s‚ Bh- i ym¿Yw cm{Xn ka- b - ß - f n¬ \m´p-Im¿t]mepw A`n-am-\-tØmsS ]d-bp-∂p. Hcp s{]m^-k-dm-bn-
hoSphoSm-¥cw Ib-dn-bn-d-ßn-bXv C∂pw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw a\- cp-∂n-´p-t]mepw Hcp B[ym-flnI ]fin-X-s\-°mƒ ÿm\hpw
m
p-If- n¬ \ng-en®p\n¬°p-Ib - m-Wv. ]e-t∏mgpw IpńIsf hf¿Øp- AwKo-Im-chpw kzoIm-cy-X-bp-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn\v \mń¬. ip≤-
amb At±- l - Ø ns‚ Pohn- X hpw B¿°pw ]nSn- s Im- S p- ° m- Ø ,
m
∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-sam-s°-bmWv
c£n-Xm-°t- fmSv kwk-cn-®n-cp-∂X - .v al√v {]kn-U‚
- m-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw F∂m¬, F√m-hc - p-sS-Xp-amb At±-lØ - ns‚ km∂n-[y-hp-am-bn-cp∂p
.co
Hcp sskt°m-f-Pn-Ãns‚ {]`m-h-am-bn-cp∂p B {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬. Imc-Ww.
.co
\mńse sIm®p sIm®p Imcy-ß-fn¬hsc CS-s]-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw BtLm-j-ß-fnepw Ieym-W-ß-fn-ep-sa√mw
Bscbpw \ncm-ic - mbn Ccn-°m≥ A\p-hZ- n-°n-√m-sb-∂X - mWv At±- _m∏p \m´p-Im-cpsS Bth-ia - m-bn-cp-∂p. GXp- Xn-c°
- n-em-sW-¶nepw
l-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X. F√m-h-tcmSpw Ah-cp-sS-Xmb \ne-hmcw a\- \mńse CØcw kwcw-`-ß-fn-se√mw ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ At±lw HmSn-
da
n-em°n s]cp-am-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sb-Øn.
aX-]-c-ambpw hnZym-`ymk]c-ambpw kmaq-ln-I-ambpw F√mw
da
\m´p-Imsc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw _m∏p Hcp A`n-am\ km∂n-
≤y-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw hcp-∂Xv I≠m¬ Aßm-Sn-bn-en-cn-°p-∂h - ¿ Hcp {]tXyI ÿm\w ImØp- k q- £ n- ® p. AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X s∂
\mńse F√m-hcpw kplr-Øp-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p. aX-ßƒt]mepw
hu
hsc Fgp-t∂‰v kzoI-cn-°pw. Hcp-Xcw AW-s]m-´p∂ kvt\lhpw
BZ-chpw At±l-tØmSv F√m-h¿°p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS AXn¿hc-ºp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√. tXmWn-°m-c≥ t]m°cv°
hu
apX¬ Ab¬hm-kn-bmb Xp{]≥ hsc B PohnX [mh-fy-Øn\p
At`-Zy-amb ASp∏w ImcWw, At±l-sØ-°p-dn®v tNmZn-®-
apºn¬ Cud-\W - n™ IÆp-It- fm-sS-b√ - msX kwkm-cn-®n-√.
t∏mƒ, IÆo-scm-en-∏n-®mWv ]ecpw B kvt\lw {]I-Sn-∏n-®X - v. {]mbw
rul
sN∂-h¿°p-t]mepw B km∂n[yw hen-sbmcp kam-[m-\hpw ia- im¥-Xbpw {Inbm-fl-I-Xbpw ap‰n-\n∂ B PohnXw \mSn\p
shfn®w ]I¿∂p. \mSpw \m´p-Imcpw B shfn-®-Øn¬ {]Im-in-
rul
\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \njvI-f-¶hpw Ip‰-a-‰-Xp-amb Hcp alm-hy-‡nXzw
F∂-mWv \m´p-Im¿ ] -- d-bp-∂Xv. Hcp Imcy-Ønepw Hcmƒ°p-t]mepw °p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mgpw Hcp kvt\l ag-bmbn _m∏p Ah-
cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn-te°v s]bvXn-d-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p...
da
da
w.
w.
ww
ww
48 49
v Iw
F¬.]n. kvIqfm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j-ß-tfmfw B sIń-S-Øn-emWv
kvIqƒ \S-∂X - .v C∂pw B sIńSw ]pXp-∏d - ºv Aßm-Sn°p ]n∂n¬
ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. C∂v kvIqƒ sXm´-SpØp Xs∂-bp≈ ]pXnb
sIń-SØ- n-te°v amdn-bn-´p≠v.
hfsc sshIn-bmWv ]pXp-∏d - º- p-Im¿ Hcp bp.-]n. kvIq-fn-s\°p-
m
_m∏p hgn-shń dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂X - v. kmº-Øn-Ia - mb hnj-aß - f- m-bn-cp∂p Imc-Ww.
]pXp-∏-dºv AXn-eqsS \S∂p
m
Irjnbpw I®-h-Shpw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ henb sa®-Øn-sem-
∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ s]mXp-P-\ PohnXw. Imem-h-ÿ°pw Np‰p-]m-Sn-\p-
.co
]pXp-∏-dºv tZisØ hnkvar-Xn-bp-sSbpw C√m-bva-bp-sSbpw sams° A\p-kc - n-®m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kmº-ØnI \ne-hmcw sa®-
.co
temI-Øp-\n∂p A`n-am-\-I-c-amb Hcp Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v Db¿Øn- s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.
s°m-≠p-h∂ - X- n-\p-]n-∂n¬ C. apl-ΩZv F∂ _m∏p-hns‚ ]¶v hfsc bp.-]n. kvIqƒ thWw. Xma-kn-bmsX Aß-s\-sbmcp kz]v\w
hep-Xm-Wv. hfsc Ipd®p am{Xta \mń¬ D≠m-hm-dp-≈q-sh-¶nepw h∂p. _m∏p-hm-bn-cp∂p Cß-s\-sbmcp Nn¥°v IpS ]nSn-®-Xv.
da
kZm \mń¬ D≠m-hp-∂h - s- c-°mƒ At±lw \mSn-\p-th≠n sNbvXp. ]ns∂, \mńse {][m-\n-I-fmb Nne-bm-fp-I-fpw. _m∏p ]mX shń.
_m°n-bp-≈-h-sc√mw AXnse \S-∂p-h-∂p.
da
\mSns‚ kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI aX taJ-e-Isf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-
°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ft∏mgpw At±lw a\-n¬ Xmtem-en®p F√m-‰n\pw IΩn‰n cq]o-Ic - n-°p-Is - b-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p _m∏p-hns‚
hu
\S∂ B{K-lw. ]Xn-hv. kvIqƒ cq]o-Ic - W- Ø
- n\pw IΩn‰n cq]o-Ic - n-°s- ∏-´p. ]c-am-
]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ Hmtcm a¨X-cn-bnepw _m∏p-hns‚ hnb¿∏ns‚ h[n F√m-h-scbpw AXn¬ `mK-`m-°p-I-fm-°n. At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ
hu
K‘ap≠v. D≈ ka-bs - Ø√mw At±lw Hcp \m´p-Im-c\ - mbn Pohn- c≠v G°¿ ÿew IqSn thWw. c≠v ¢mkv dqapw AXn-\p≈
®p. ]c-am-h[n {]h¿Øn-®p. ^¿Wn-®dpw thWw. F¶n¬ k¿°m¿ AXv Gs‰-SpØv AhnsS
rul
At±-lØ - ns‚ hoSpw kZkpw F√m-h¿°pw btYjvSw Ib- bp.-]n. kvIqƒ A\p-h-Zn®p Xcpw.
rul
dn-s®-√m≥ ]‰n-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B¿°pw F¥pw ]d-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¥p sNøpw? I¿jIhrØn-bn¬ am{Xw Pohn-Xh - n-Pbw I≠
F√mw £a-tbmsS tIƒ°m\pw \∂mbn {]Xn-Ic - n-°m-\p-ap≈ Hcp Hcp \mń¬ Cß-s\-sbmcp t\´-Øn\v Fß-s\-bmWv hmXn¬ Xpd-
hnime a\-mWv. °pI? _m∏p-h-S°w th≠-s∏´ Bfp-Iƒ Xe ]pI-™m-tem-Nn-
da
_m∏p-hn-s\-°p-dn®v \m´pImtcmSv tNmZn-®m¬ Nn¥n-°m≥t]mepw ®p. \m´p-Im¿°n-S-bn-te-°n-d-ßn-bp≈ ]ncnhv Xs∂. AXm-bn-cp∂p
da
ka-bs - a-Sp-°msX {][m-\a - mbpw aq∂v Imcy-ßf
- mWv Ah¿ s]s´∂v Ah-km\ B{i-bw.
]d-bp-I: \mńse kvIqƒ, sshZyq-Xn, tdmUv. Ch aq∂n-s‚bpw \n¿am- ]ncnhv XpS-ßn. \mSp-I-fnepw ]cn-kc {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Cdßn
w.
W-Ønepw e`y-X-bnepw F∂pw ap∂n¬ \n∂Xv _m∏p-hm-bn-cp-∂p. \S- ∂ p. {]h¿Ø- I ¿°v t\XrXzw \¬In Ft∏mgpw _m∏p
{]Xyp-]-Im-ctam {]Xn-^-etam {]i-kvXntbm B{K-ln-°m-sX-bp≈ apºn¬Xs∂ D≠m--bn-cp-∂p. hoSp hoSm-¥cw Ib-dn-bn-d-ßn. \mńse
w.
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-ƒ. F¥n\pw kzbw ap∂n-ń-d-ßpI, Bfp-Isf Iq´p- ]W-°msc {]tXyIw sN∂pI≠p. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw klm-bhpw
kl-I-c-Whpw e`y-am-°n. Iq´-Øn¬ ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ hen-sbmcp
ww
I, Bflm¿Y-ambn {]h¿Øn-°pI. AXm-bn-cp∂p ssien. AXm-

Wv B hnP-bØ - n\p ]n∂n¬. Km\-ta-fbpw kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. Km\-ta-fb - n-te°v Bfp-Isf £Wn-®Xpw
ww
*** *** *** AXns‚ Iq∏¨ hn‰-Xp-sams° {]mbw sN∂-h¿ C∂pw B›-cy-
kvIqfp-Iƒ hcp-∂p... tØmsS A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p.
]pXp-∏-d-ºnse ùXnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw F∂pw {ia-ß-sfm∂pw hn^-e-am-bn-√ - . F√mw sas√ sas√ shfn®w
s]m≥Xq-he - p-Iƒs°m≠v Ae-¶c- n-°s
- ∏-´X
- m-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-kc {]tZ- I≠p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]ncn-hnepw Km\-ta-f-bn-epw a‰p-ambn hen-sbmcp
i-ß-fn¬ kvIqfp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°-s∏Sp-∂-Xn\v apºp-Xs∂ ]pXp-∏-d- XpI Inń. AXp-sIm-≠h - ¿ \s√mcp ÿe-sa-Sp-Øp. kvIqfn\v ]‰nb
ºn¬ kvIqƒ Db¿∂p-h∂ - p. A_vZ- p¬ _mcn apkven-bm¿ ÿehpw ÿew. ]s£, AXv c≠v G°¿ ]q¿Æ-ambpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
sIń-Shpw \¬In-bmWv BZy-ambn kvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂X - .v AsXmcp AXn-\-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ sskZmen sam√m-°-bpsS ]Øv sk‚ v ÿe-
ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _m∏p B ]Øv sk‚ v ÿew kz¥-ambn hmßn.
50 51
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kvIqfn\v Zm\ambn \¬In. ]I-cw, Xs‚ hoSn-\S- pØv sam√m-°m°v ]ns∂, Xma-kn-®n-√. DSs\ th≠-s∏-´h - s - c-sb√mw kwL-Sn-∏n®v
]Øp sk‚ v ÿew thsd \¬In. IΩn-‰n-bp-≠m-°n. CsXmcp \mSns‚ Bh-iy-am°n Db¿Øn-sb-Sp-
Nm°ocn AlvaZvIpń hnZym-`ymk a{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ Ime-am-bn- Øp. ]n∂oSv AXn-\p-th-≠n-am-{X-ambn Nn¥bpw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw.
cp∂p CXv. Xma-kn-bm-sX, ]pXp-∏d - º
- n¬ bq.-]n. kvIqƒ h∂p. F√m- Bbn-sS-bmWv FS-cn-t°mSv k_vtÃ-j≥ D¬Lm-S\w sNøm-
h-cp-sSbpw {]Xo-£-Iƒ k^-eo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn. _m∏p-hns‚ \mbn A∂sØ sshZypXn a{¥n B¿. _me-Ir-jvW∏ - n≈ hcp-∂-
m
{Inbm-flI - a- mb t\Xr-Xz-Øn\v F√m-hcpw Bbn-ca - m-bncw Biw-k- Xv. Xm\q¿ Fw.-F¬.F C. AlvaZv kmln_pw A∂v ao‰nw-Kn-ep-≠m-
m
Iƒ t\¿∂p. bn-cp-∂p. CX-dn™ ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im¿ _m∏p-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
1986 Imew. ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im¿ _m∏p-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcn- sshZyp-Xn-bpsS e`y-X° - mbn Hcp sasΩm-dm≠w Xøm-dm°n a{¥n°p
.co
°-eqsS kwL-Sn®p. CØ-hW bp.-]n. kvIqƒ sslkvI - qƒ B°p- ssIam-dn.
.co
I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Bh-iyw. ]ncnhv Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p ic-Ww. Cu A∂v ]cn-]m-Sn-°nsS Poh-\-°m¿ ap{Zm-hmIyw apg-°n-s°m≠v
{]mhiyw IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p ]ncnhvv. bqWn-th-gvkn‰n a{¥n-s°-Xnsc kacw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Icns¶mSn Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-
apX¬Xs∂ ]ncnhv XpSßn. ]c-∏\ - ß
- m-Sn-bn-te°pw Xncq-cß- m-Sn-bn- ®p. ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im-cmWv A∂v kZ-kn¬ kl-I-cn®p \nd-™p-\n-
da
te°pw AXv hym]n-®p. N{µ-ti-J¿ hnZym-`ymk a{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ ∂n-cp-∂-Xv.
Ime-ØmWvv. A©v G°¿ ÿehpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kvIqƒ
da
"Xe-apSn \c-®-hcpw Xe-∏mhv [cn-®-h-cp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
kuI-cyhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-Wv \nb-aw. IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw B ]cn-]mSn BsI Ae-t¶m-e-am-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p' F∂v ]cn-kc {]tZ-
t¢i-ßfpw kln®v _m∏p-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \m´p-Im¿ AXpw
hu
iØv \S∂ as‰mcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ a{¥n ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Imsc Bio¿h-
t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øp. AtXmsS ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ sslkvIqfpambn. Zn®v ]d-bp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. aq∂p amkØn\p≈n-embn AhnsS sshZypXn
hu
C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_,v ]me-∏pd AlvaZv lmPn, C.-sI.-kn. Ip™- e`y-am-°p-sa∂v Dd∏pw sImSp-Øp.
d-ap-ń, C.-sI.-hn. Ip™-d-ap-ń, a¨X-S-Øn¬ apl-ΩZv amÃ¿, C.- ]pXp-∏-dºv samØw sshZyp-Xo-I-cn-°m≥ c≠v e£-tØmfw
rul
sI.-kn. t]m°p, ]q°-bn¬ Ip™napl-ΩZv lmPn, C.-sI.-kn. Ddp-∏nI Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. _m∏phpw IqsSbp≠m-bn-cp-∂-hcpw
Ip™n-ap-l-Ω-Zv lmPn, ]md-bn¬ Ip™-l-ΩZv amÃ¿, ]q°-bn¬
rul
ho≠pw ]ncn-hn-\n-d-ßn. ]e hoSp-I-fnepw Ib-dn. hen-sbmcp XpI
sslt{Zm-kv, ]n.-sF. AlvaZv Ipń lmPn XpS-ßn-b-h¿- CXn-\mbn kam-lc - n-®p. ]s£, AXv XnI-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Aß-s\, _m∏p-Xs∂
IqSp-X¬ kl-I-cn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ kz¥-ambn hen-sbmcp XpI tN¿Øp. Hmtcm hoń¬\n∂pw
da
*** *** *** hb-dnw-Kn\pw a‰pambn \q‰n-b-ºXv cq]-bmWv A∂v CuSm-°n-bn-cp-

sshZyp-Xn-°mbn...
da
∂-Xv. CXv \¬Im≥ km[n-°m-Ø-h¿°p klm-bambpw hmbv]-
_m∏p \mń¬ Cd-ßn-Øn-cn®v t\Sn-sb-SpØ c≠m-asØ kwK- bmbpw sshZypXn \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.
w.
Xn- b mWv sshZyp- X n. 1980 Iƒ°p apºv ]pXp-∏-dºv taJ-e-bn¬ _m∏phpw Iqćpw i‡-ambn cwK-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
sshXypXn D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]ptcm-KX - n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈m\pw sshZyp- a{¥n-bpsS hm°v ]ng-®n-√. aq∂p amk-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]pXp-∏d - º
- n¬
w.
Xn-bpsS e`y-X-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m\pw hfsc Ipd®p Bfp-Iƒ sshZyp-Xn-sb-Øn. thß-cb - n¬\n∂v ]pXp-∏d- º
- n-te°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂v
am{Xta AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. sshZypXn sse≥ hen-°p-∂- ]d-∏q-cn-te-°p-amWv sse≥ hen-®X - v.
ww
Xn\v ]ecpw FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. `qan \jvS-s∏-Sptam Irjn \jvS- ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im¿ Hcn-°-¬°qSn _m∏p-hns\ «mLn-®p. At±-
ww
amhptam XpS-ßnb `bam-bn-cp∂p. l-Øns‚ Ign-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-®p.
1980 HmsS sNdnb am‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn. sshZypXnbpsS e`y-Xsb *** *** ***
Ipdn®v Bfp-Iƒ ]Xps° Nn¥n®p XpS-ßn. ]ptcm-K-Xn-I-sf-°p- tdmUp-Iƒ h∂ hgn
dn®pw Ime-Øns‚ am‰-sØ-°p-dn®pw icn°pw t_m[-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂
tdmUp-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw hfsc ]n∂n-em-bn-cp∂p BZyw
_m∏p- h ns\ kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw CØcw ]ptcm- K - X n- I sf
]pXp-∏-d-ºv. ]pgbpw IS-Øp-am-bn-cp∂p {][m\ KXm-KX am¿§-ßƒ.
]q¿Wambpw Dƒs°m≠v \mń¬ sIm≠p-hc - n-Is
- b-∂Xv \n¿_-‘-
F√mw ]pg tI{µo-I-cn-®mWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Nc-°p-Ifpw AXp-h-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
gn-bmWv t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv.
52 53
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hml-\-ßƒ h∂-tXm-sS- tdmUp-I-fmbn {][m-\w. ]ns∂, tdmUp-
Isf tI{µo-Ic - n-®mbn F√m kwcw-`ß - f
- pw. AtXmsS KXm-KX kuI-
cy-ap≈ hgn-I-ƒ AXym-h-iy-am-bn.
BZyw Cu `mKØv {_nó-jp-Im¿ shńb sNdn-sbmcp tdmUv
am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q, IpXnc h≠n-Iƒ°p th≠n at©-cn-
m
bn¬\n∂p XpSßn Xncq-cß - mSn Xl-ko¬Zm¿ Hmô-kn¬ sN∂p-ap- hnZym-e-bhpw ]mehpw ]mShpw
l\o^ ]pXp-∏d- ºv
m
´p∂ \ncØv.
]cn-k-c-ß-fn-se√mw tdmUp-Iƒ hnI-kn®v hml-\-ßsfØnb-
.co
tXmsS ]pXp-∏-d-ºnepw tdmUv A\n-hm-cy-Xbm-bn. Chn-sSbpw _m∏p FS- c n- t °mSv {Kma- ] - © m- b - Ø n¬ hnI- k \cwKØv Gsd
.co
amdn-\n-∂n-√. DSs\ IΩn-‰n-bp-≠m-°n. AXn-\p-th≠n Cd-ßn-Øn-cn- ]nt∂m°{]tZ-ia - m-bn-cp∂p ]pXp-∏d - ºv F∂ Dƒ\m-S≥ {Kmaw. Hcp
®p. Bh-iy-amb ]Ww kzcq-]n-°p-Ibpw XnI-bm-ØXv tN¿°p- `mKØv IS-ep-≠n-∏p-gbpw adp`mKØv hnim-ea - mb ]p©-∏m-Shpw ]pdw-
Ibpw sNbvXp. Xma-kn-bmsX tdmUpw bmYm¿Yy-am-bn. tijw, tem-Ihpambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v henb XS--ß-fmbn \n¬°p∂
da
tdmUv hnI-k\ - s- a-∂t- ]mse Smdnw-Knepw ap∂n-ń-dß
- n-bn-cp-∂Xv _m∏p- ]nt∂m° {]tZ-iw. \mj-W¬ sslth-bn¬ FS-cn-t°mSv Bbp¿thZ
hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ kwL-am-bn-cp-∂p. kv]n∂nwKv an√-S°w tImsfPv PwKvj\ - n¬ \n∂p ]pXp-∏d - º- n-te-°p≈ Ip≠pw Ipgnbpw
da
\mńse Hmtcm Kh¨sa‚ v ÿm]-\Ø - n\p ]n∂nepw Cu kwL- \nd™ sNΩ¨ tdmUv am{X-am-bn-cp∂p ]pdwtemI-sØ-Øm-\p≈
am-Wv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. GI hgn. h¿j-°m-eØv ]pg-bnepw ]mSØpw sh≈w \nd-bp-∂-
hu
_m∏p-hns‚ t\XrXzw ]pXp-∏-d-ºn\v Hcp A\p-{Klw Xs∂- tXmsS Gsd-°psd Hcp Zzo]n¬ AI-s∏´ Ah-ÿ. ]pXp-∏-d-ºn-
hu
bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kwLm-S\Ignhpw kao-]\coXn-I-fp- te°v BZy-ambn _kv k¿hokv XpS-ßn-bXpw sshZyp-Xn-sb-Øn-
amWv Cu \mSns\ ]ptcm-KX - n-bn¬\n∂pw ]ptcm-KX - n-bn-te°v \bn- b-Xp-sams° \mńse henb BtLm-jß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p.
rul
®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pdw-tem-I-hp-ambn _‘-an-√msX Gsd-°psd H‰-s∏´v InS-∂

Cu {]tZ-isØ BZy-ambn ]pdwkaq-l-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂Xv
rul
auem\m A_vZp¬ _mcn apkven-bm-cm-bn-cp-∂p. "tameym-cp-∏m∏'
F∂p \m´p-Im-¿ B-Z-c-thmsS hnfn-®n-cp∂ A_vZp¬ _mcn DkvXm-
da
Zv ka-kvXb - psS Aa-c° - m-c\- mbn \ne-sIm-≈p-tºmƒXs∂ \mSns‚

hnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬°qSn {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]pXp-
da
∏- d - º n¬ Kh¨sa‚ v kvIqƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ At±lw kz¥w
ÿeØv kuI-cy-sam-cp-°n-bXpw ]pXp-∏d- º - n-te-°p≈ tdmUv \n¿am-
w.
W-Øn-\-S°w ]e-Xn\pw ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-Ø-Xpw. XpS¿∂v, kn.-F-®v.
w.
sFZtdmkv apkven-bmcpw CtX ]mX ]n¥p-S¿∂v ka-kvX-bpsS
ap≥\nc\mb-I-\m-bn.
ww
Cusbmcp ]›m-Øe - Ø- n-emWv C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v IS-∂p-
ww
h-cp-∂-Xv. Xo¿Øpw hyXy-kvX-am-sbmcp Xe-Øn¬\n-∂p-sIm-≠m-bn-
cp∂p ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ kmaqlycwK-tØ°v At±lw {i≤ ]Xn-®-
Xv. Cu {]tZ-i-Øp-\n∂p BZy-ambn D∂X ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw
t\Sn-bXpw Db¿∂ tPmen kºm-Zn-®Xpw At±-l-am-Wv. Xncq-c-ßmSn
]n.-Fk - v.F
- w.H tImsf-Pn¬ A[ym-]I - \- mbn tPmen-bn¬ {]th-in-®-
tXmsS \mńse ]pXnb Xe- a p- d °p apºn¬ ùXnI hnZym-
`ymkcwKØv \s√mcp amXr-I-bmbn At±lw \ne-sIm-≠p.
54 55
v Iw
]ns∂, A¬]-Imew IqSn Ign-™mWv Xm≥ s]mXp-cw-KØv \mSp-ambn _‘-s∏´ GXp s]mXp-Im-cy-Ønepw At±-lØ - ns‚
kPo-ha - m-Ip-∂X- v. \mń¬ sshZypXn FØn-°p-∂X - n\p th≠n-bmWv {i≤bpw km∂n-[yhpw D≠m-Ipw. \mń¬ \S-∏n-em-t°≠ Imcy-ß-
At±-l-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hen-sbmcp ]cn-{iaw \S-∂-Xv. GsX- sf-°p-dn®v At±-l-Øn\v IrXy-amb ho£-Whpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-
¶nepw H‰-s∏´ hoSp-If - n-te°v sshZypXn FØn-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ {ia- amWp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.
am-bn-cp-∂n√ AXv. Hcp \mńse apgph-≥ hoSp-If - n-te°pw sshZypXn Nne hy‡n-I-fpsS km∂n≤yw Xs∂ kaq-l-Øn\v {]tNm-Z-\-
m
FØn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n A°m-eØv \S∂ Iq´mb ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ am-Ipw. s]mXpPohn-X-Øns‚ kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw AZriy
Gsd {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.
m
km∂n- ≤ y- a mbn Ah¿ \ne- s Im≈pw. Ah- c psS ho£- W - ß ƒ
ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Cu {]tZ-i-Øp-Im-cpsS GI kaql a\-kns\ henb Af-hn¬ kzm[o-\n-°pw. AØ-c-samcp
.co
B{i-b-am-bn-cp∂ ]pXp-∏-dºv Kh. bp.-]n. kvIqƒ sslkvIq-fmbn hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p C.-F-Ωn-s‚-Xv.
.co
Db¿Øp-∂X - n-\p≈ ]cn-{i-aß - ƒ°v XpS°w Ipdn-®Xpw C°m-eØ - p- ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn¬ Fs‚ A[ym-]-I≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p
X-∂-bm-Wv. Ct∏m-gsØ tI{µ sdbn¬sh kl-a{¥n C. AlvaZv C.-Fw. km¿. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, icn°pw At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v
kmln-_m-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ Xm\q¿ \ntbm-PI afiew Fw.-F¬.- amXrI Dƒs°m-≈m≥ F\n-°m-bn-´p-≠v. henb kwkm-c{- ]n-bt\m
da
F. At±- l - Ø ns‚ i‡- a mb CS- s ]- S - e p- I fpw AtXm- s Sm∏w {]`m-j-It\m H∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ At±-lw. Bh-iy-Øn-\p-am{Xw
kvIqfns‚ ]n.-Sn.-F. {]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂ C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚ kwkm-cn-°p∂ {]Ir-Xw. hm°p-If - n¬ IrXy-amb kq£vaX - . Bcp-
da
t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \m´p-Im¿ ImWn® Iq´m-bva-bp-amWv ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse ambn Ie-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ {i≤. {]bm-ka - \
- p-`h
- n-°p-∂h - sc a‰m-
Kh¨sa‚ v sslkvIq-fns\ bmYm¿∞y-am-°n-bX - v. ]pdØv t]mbn cp-ad
- n-bmsX klm-bn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤. CsX-√m-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw.
hu
]T\w \S-Øm-\p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ Gsd ]cn-an-Xa - m-bn-cp∂ A°m-
Nne Imcy-ßƒ At±lw ]d-bmsX ]d-™p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-
hu
eØv bp.-]n. kvIqƒ sslkvIq-fmbn Db¿Ø-s∏-´Xv hen-sbmcp
∂p. cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø-\Ø - ns‚ Xnc-°p-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ CS-s°ms°
A\p-{K-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]{X-am-kn-II - f- n¬ teJ-\ß - ƒ Fgp-Xp∂ ioew Rm≥ ]msS \n¿Øn-
rul
FS-cn-t°mSv thßc ]©m-b-Øp-Isf _‘n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v b-t∏mƒ Fs¥ms° Xnc-°p-If - p-s≠-¶nepw "AsXmcp kn≤n-bmWv;
a™mΩmSv IS-hn¬ IS-ep-≠n-∏p-g°v IpdpsI ]mew \n¿an-°p-∂- Hcn-°epw AXv \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Øc - pXv' F∂v At±lw \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-
rul
Xn-\p≈ {ia-ßƒ°v {Kma-]©m-b-Øns‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ XpS°w ∂p. C.-FΩ - n-s\-Ip-dn®v Cu Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-tºmƒ B hm°v ho≠pw
Ipdn-®-t∏mƒ AXn\v i‡-amb ]n¥p-W-bp-ambn At±lw Rß- ho≠pw Fs‚ a\-n-te°v h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \√ hm°p-Iƒ
da
fpsS IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ BZy-ambn {Kma-∏-©m-bØv `cW Aß-s\-bm-Wv... \√ hm°p-Iƒ ]d-bpI; AXv tIƒ°m≥ `mKy-ap-
kan-Xn-bn-te°v sXc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-´t- ∏mgpw ]n∂oSv {Kma-∏© - m-bØv ≠m-hpI F∂-sXms° C°m-esØ henb kt¥m-jß - f- m-W.v \√
da
{]kn-U-≠mbn Npa-X-e-tb-‰-t∏mgpw At±lw \nd™ kt¥mjw hm°p-Ifpw \√ amXr-Ibpw ]I¿∂v X∂v IS-∂p-t]mb At±-l-
{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw hnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ i‡-amb ]n¥pW Øns‚ ]c-temI PohnXw k¿h-i‡ - ≥ {]`m]qcnXam°-s´.
w.
\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
w.
Im¿jnIcwKØv ]pXn-sbmcp amXrI krjvSn-°m≥ {Kma-]© - m-
bØv `cWkanXn Xocp-am-\saSp-°p-Ibpw ]Xn-\©v h¿j-Øn-e-
ww
[n-I-ambn Xcn-imbn InS∂ ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse ]mSØv AXv hnP-b-I-c-

ambn \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXt- ∏mƒ AXn¬ Gsd kt¥mjw {]I-
ww
Sn-∏n-®Xpw At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Imc-Ww, At±-l-Øns‚ Nnc-
Ime kz]v\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p CXn-eq-sS-sb√mw km£m¬I-cn-°-s∏-´-
Xv. "I¿j-Is\ Adn-bpI; Irjnsb c£n-°pI' F∂ ktµ-i-hp-
ambn {Kma-]© - m-bØv XpS-°a - n´ Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS D¬Lm-S\ NS-
ßn¬ At±lw apgpka- b ]¶m- f n- b m- b n- . ]pXp- ∏ - d - º n¬ \S∂
{]kvXpX NS-ßn¬ Irjn-h-Ip∏p a{¥n ap√-°c cXv\m-I-c≥ \S-
Ønb {]kw-Ks - Ø-°p-dn®v At±lw CS-°nsS ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
56 57
v Iw
imkv { X- ¢ m- k p- I ƒ' F∂ ]≤- X n- b psS `mK- a mbn Rß- f psS
kvIqfn¬ IuXp-I-I-c-amb imkv{X ]co-£-W-hp-ambn s{]m^. C.
apl-ΩZv h∂Xv Rm≥ C∂pw Hm¿°p-∂p. Hcp A[ym-]I - s‚/Iem-
Im-cs‚/aPo-jys‚ {]mho-Wy-tØmsS imkv{X ]co-£Ww \SØn
hnZym¿Yn-Isf ckn-∏n® Hm¿a a\-n¬ ]® ]nSn®v InS-°p-∂p.
m
(EK-K) E = MC2 tImsfPv A[ym-]-\-Øn¬\n∂p hnS-]-d-™-Xn\v tij-amWv
tUm. Da¿ Xd-ta¬
m
\mńse kmaq-ln-I-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI cwKØv C.Fw IqSp-X¬ {it≤-
b-\m-b-Xv. {Ita-W, ]pXp-∏-d-ºns‚ {]nb-s∏´ "_m∏p' Bbn At±lw
.co
C.-FΩ - ns\ Ipdn®v ]t≠ Fs‚ a\-n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp ka- Hcp k©mc]Yw krjvSn-s®-Sp-Øp.
.co
hm- I y- a mWv ta¬ ImWp∂ io¿j- I w. C. apl- Ω Zv F∂v At±lw ta¬ÿm-\-Øn-cp∂ ÿm]-\-ß-sf√mw hnPb
tIƒ°ptºm-sg√mw Xs‚ ho´p-t]cn¬\n∂p K Xntcm-`h - n-®X
- n\v h√ ]YwI≠p. Adnhpw ImgvN-∏mSpw HØp-tN-cp-tºmtg GXv {]Xn-`m-
Ncn-{Xhpw Dt≠m F∂ kwibw F\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \mńse t]cv khpw hnPbw ImWq F∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-W-h. X∂nse kzX{¥
da
tI´ ^yqU¬ IpSpw-_-am-bn-cp∂p C.-F-Ωn-s‚-Xv. K bpsS A`m- At\z-jI - s‚ Gdnb kabw ]e Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø\ afi-e-
hsØ Ipdn®v Nne IY- I - s fms° thW- s a- ¶ n¬ D≠m- ° mw. ßƒ A]- l - c n- ® n- c n- ° mw. kmaq- l n- I - a mbn t\m°p- t ºmƒ B
da
kvIqfn¬ tN¿Ø-t∏mƒ Hcp-]s - £, cPn-Ãd- n¬ t]cv tN¿Ø A[ym- {]h¿Ø\ afiew cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb ê-ßƒ°v \tS ]d™ Imcy-
]-Is‚ tIƒhn-bn¬ K F∂ A£cw ]Xn-bmsX t]mbn, Fs∂mcp sØ-°mƒ Nh¿∏pw a[p-chpw D≠v F∂pw Nn¥n-°mw.
hu
IY-bm-hmw. F∂m¬, A°m-esØ {]Xm]w]q≠ Hcp IpSpw-_- F√m A¿Y-Ønepw ]pXp-∏d - º
- nse Nn¥n-°p∂ bph-X°v hgn-
hu
Ønse Imc-W-h-cpsS aIs‚ IpSpw_ t]cn¬\n∂p Hcp Imc-W-h- Im-ń-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-F-Ωns‚ ⁄m\hpw at\m`m-h-hpw. AXn¬,
imepw K Hgn-™p-t]m-Im-\n-S-bn-√. Aßs\ ]e-Xcw Btem-N-\- BdmsX InS-°p∂ Hcp I\-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
rul
Iƒs°m-Sp-hn¬ F\n°v CtX-°p-dn®v Hcp Xocp-am-\Ø - n-se-tØ-≠n-
Iptd Ime-ambn ]pXnb kmaqly imkv{X-˛X - Ø- z-imkv{X {KŸ-
h- ∂ p.
rul
ßƒ Bth-it- ØmsS hmbn-°p∂ C.-FΩ - ns\ F\n-°d- nbmw. hoń¬
sNdp-∏-Øn-te, ]c∂ hmb-\bpw Btem-N\mioehpw imkv{X sN√p-tºm-sg√mw XSn® {KŸ-ßƒ hmb-\° - n-Sb
- n¬ Ia-gvØn-sh®
t_m[-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ apl-ΩZv F∂ hnZym¿Yn Xs‚ IpSpw-_-t∏- \ne-bn¬ ImWmw. B¬hn≥ tSm^vfd - psS "^yq®¿ tjm°v' AXn-
da
cn¬\n∂pw K F∂ A£cw hngp-ßp-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp. Aßs\ sem-∂m-sW∂v Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂p.

K Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Xmfp-If - n-te°v adn-™p. ^yqU¬ IpSpw_LS-\-
da
aXw C.-F-Ωn\v tIh-e-samcp NS-ßm-bn-cp-∂n-√. PohnX ka-ky-
bpsS ]g-a-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ tNcp-w]Sn tNcmØ Hcp kz`m-h-Øn\v
Iƒ°v A¿Yw \¬Ip∂ Nn¥m-Xc - w-Kß- f - psS Hcp hnf-°m-bn-cp-∂p.
tN¿∂ C\o-jy¬ At±lw kzoI-cn-®p.
w.
C.-F-Ωns‚ AIm-e-Øp≈ ]ncn-™p-t]m°v \mń¬ BI-am-\-amb

AsXmcp AS-bm-f-amWv. ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp thZ-\-bmbn ]S¿∂p \n¬°p-∂p.
w.
AS- b m- f w. Pohn- X - Ø n¬ thdn´ hgn- I ƒ sXc- s ™- S pØ Hcp
hnZym¿Yn°v K F∂ A£-csØ A\m-Y-am-°pI Xs∂ sNtø-
ww
≠n-h-∂p.
ww
C.-F-Ωns‚ Nn¥, AXv aX-XØz Nn¥-bm-sW-¶n¬t]mepw
imkv{Xt_m[-Øn-s‚bpw \nXy-Po-hnX {]tbmK]cn-N-b-Øn-s‚bpw
]in-a-cm-in-aÆv Hń-∏n-Sn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ck-X-{¥m-[ym-]-I\v Btem-N-
\-bn-√msX H∂pw kzoI-cn-°m-≥ ]‰n-√. BknUpw B¬°-anbpw
XΩn-ep≈ sshcp[yw Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xs∂ s]m≈p∂ XØz-im-
kv{X-sØ-bmWv Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv.
Fs‚ Adn-hn¬ C.-Fw. Hcp imkv{X-⁄≥ IqSn-bm-Wv. Rm≥
thßc sslkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv, k¿°m-cns‚ "Bbncw
58 59
aXw
v Iw
D∂-X-∑mcpsS Bio¿hm-Z-ß-fpambn
m
]n.-]n. apl-ΩZv ss^kn
m
.co
\nc-h[n D∂X ]fin-X-∑m¿°v P∑w \¬Inb A\p-Kr-loX
.co
{Kma-amWv hmf-°pfw ]pXp-∏-d-ºv. \nc-h[n Xzco-J-Øp-I-fpsS
ssiJpw kq^n-h-cy\p-am-bn-cp∂ sImf-ºn¬ tImbmapń apkven-
bm¿, At±-l-Øns‚ ]p{X\pw ka-kvX-bpsS ÿm]I t\Xm-°-
da
fn¬ {]ap- J - \ pw ]n∂o- S - X ns‚ {]kn- U ‚pambncp∂ auem\m
A_vZp¬ _mcn apkven-bm¿, kakvX F∂ ]finXk`sb _lp-
da
P\ {]ÿm-\a - m-°n-am-‰p-∂X - n¬ {][m\ ]¶v hln® kn.-F® - .v sFZ-
dqkv apkven-bm¿ F∂n-h¿ ]pXp-∏d - º
- ns\ [\y-am-°n-bh- c
- n¬ {][m-
hu
\n-I-fm-Wv. ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse D∂X IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n-®v, auem\m
hu
A–p¬ _mcn apkven-bm-cp-sSbpw kn.-F-®v. sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm-
cp-sSbpw in-£-W-Øn¬ hf¿∂p-h-ep-Xmb s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv
kmln_v F∂ _m∏p aX-hn-Zym-`ymk cwKØv henb am‰w Xs∂
rul
krjvSn® Zmdp¬ lpZm Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn‰nbpsS Aa-c° - m-
rul
c-\m-bX - n¬ A¬`p-Xs - ∏-Sm-\n-√.
auem\m A–p¬ _mcn Xßƒ ùXnIhnZym-`ym-kØ - n\v hf-
da
sc- b - [ nIw t{]m’m- l \w \¬Inb D∂X aX]fin- X - \ m- W v .

kakvX ]fin-X∑ - m¿ ùXnI hnZym-`ym-kØ - n\v ]pdw Xncn-™p-\n-
da
∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ D¬]-Xn-jvWp-°-fpsS {]Nm-cWw sX‰m-sW-
∂-Xn\v hy‡-am-sbmcp adp-]-Sn-bmWv A_vZp¬ _mcn Xß-fpsS
w.
PohnXw. ]pXp-∏d- º - n¬ kz¥w `qan-bn¬ kz¥-ambn kvIqƒ ÿm]n-
w.
®p-\-S-Øp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Kh¨sa‚n\v \¬Ipbpw sNbvX Ncn-{X-
amWv At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xv.
ww
bm{XmkuI-cy-ß-fn-√mØ A∂sØ ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬\n∂v aX-

cw-K-sØ-t∏mse ùXnIcwKØpw {]Xn-`-Isf hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-
ww
cm≥ alm-]fi - n-X∑- m¿ bXv\n-®p. amXm-hns‚ tZi-amb ]c-∏\ - ß
- m-
Sn-bn¬ Xma-kn®v sslkvIq-fn¬ tN¿∂v ]Tn-°m≥ Xs∂ D]-tZ-in-
®Xv A–p¬ _mcn apkven-bm-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂v C.-Fw. Ft∏mgpw
A\p- k v a - c n- ° m- d p- ≠ v . ]c- ∏ - \ - ß mSn sslkv I q- f n¬ ]Tn- ° p-
tºmƒXs∂ ]c-∏-\-ßmSn ]\-b-Øn¬ ]≈n-bnse D∂-X-amb
Z¿knepw At±lw ]Tn-®p. ka-kvX-bpsS D∂X t\Xmhpw kakvX
tIcf Ckvemw aX hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uv P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn-bp-am-
62 63
v Iw
bn-cp∂ ssiJp\m tIm´p-ae A_q-_Iv¿ apkven-bm-cm-bn-cp∂p A∂v ∂p. kakvX hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uv, hfm-t©cn a¿°-kv, hf-h∂ - q¿
]\-b-Øn¬ ]≈n-bnse apZ¿-cn-kv. Xs‚ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS _p≤n-i- _m^Jn bXowJm\, FS-∏mƒ Zmdp¬ lnZmb XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-
‡nbpw XymKa\xÿn-Xnbpw a\-n-em-°nb tIm´p-ae DkvXmZv ß-fnepw kwL-S-\-I-fnepw At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n[yhpw CS-s]-
ùXnI hnZym-`ymk cwKØv Db¿∂p-]T - n-°m≥ {]tNm-Z\w \¬In. SepIfpw hf-sc-b-[nIw ê-ßƒ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Bflm¿Y-amb
C.-Fw. Z¿kv ]T-\-Ønepw ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂-Xnepw {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - m-bX
- n-\m¬ At±-lØ
- ns‚ hm°n\pw {]hrØn°pw
m
ÿntcm-’mlw \ne-\n¿Øn. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn¬ s{]m^- {]tXyI kzm[o\hpw {]Xn-^-e-\hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
kdpw hIp∏v ta[m-hn-bp-ambn tkh\w sNøsh Zmdp¬lp-Zm-bn¬
m
Ign-hp≈ hnZym¿Yn-Isf Is≠-Øm\pw hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-
h∂v ¢msk-Sp-Øp. Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse ¢mkn¬ Cw•ojv {Kma¿ cm\pw At±-lØ - n\v Ign-™p. akvIØv kp∂n sk‚-dns‚ klm-
.co
]Tn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ad_n {Kma-dnse B[n-Im-cnI{KŸ-amb A¬^n- b-tØmsS Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F^v tÃ‰v IΩn‰n \S-∏n-em-°nb
ø-bnse Cuc-Sn-Iƒ C.-Fw. sNm√p-∂Xv aX ˛ ùXnI hnZym-`ym-k-
.co
D∂X hnZym-`ymk t{]m’m-l\ ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS c≠p Pn√m Ie-
ß-fpsS ka-\z-b-amb Zmdp¬ lpZm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°v \thm-t∑jw IvS¿amsc hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v C.-F-Ωns‚ ]¶v hfsc hep-
]I¿∂p. Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v {]kvXpX kan-Xn-bnse HcwKw F∂-\n-e°v kvacn-
da
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pnse C.-Fw. kmdpw tUm. Iam¬ °p-Ib - m-Wv. {]kvXpX ]≤-Xn-bpsS NmeIi‡n At±-la - m-bn-cp-∂p.
]mjbpw ]≈n-Z¿kp-I-fpsS ta∑ Is≠-Øn-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j- Zo\n\pw kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw th≠n Bflm¿Yambn {]h¿Øn-®v
da
ßƒ°p-apºv ae-∏pdw Pn√m kp∂n bph-P\ - k- wLw ae-∏pdw Pn√m Zo\ns‚ hgn-bn¬Xs∂ At±lw Cu temItØmSv hnS-]-d-bp-Ibpw
IΩn-‰n ùXnI hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v [m¿anI ]T-\-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂- sNbvXp. Hcp henb `mKyw. Cu hn\o-X≥ 1981 ¬ tIm´-°¬ Su¨]-
hu
Xn\mbn Sot\Pv kvIqƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n-s\-°p-dn®v Btem-N\m f-fn-bn¬ apZ-¿cn-km-bXv apX¬ At±-l-hp-ambn hfsc ASpØv
hu
tbmKw tN¿∂-t∏mƒ C.-Fw. ]d™p: _‘-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. Z¿kp-If - psS ]ptcm-KX
- n-bn¬ At±lw
""]g-b-Im-e-sØ-t∏mse Ipń-Isf Cim aKvcn-_n-\n-S-bn¬ Z¿kp- Gsd kt¥m-jn-®n-cp-∂p.
rul
I-fn-eb- ®v C¿imZpw ap¿inZpw HmXn-s°mSp°-emWv CXn-s\-°mfpw
\√-Xv. C¿imZpw ap¿inZpw HmXnb Ipń-Iƒ A[m¿an-I-X-bn-te°v
rul
\oßp-Ib - n-√.'' C.-Fw. Xs‚ A\p-`-h-Øn-s‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ ]d-bp-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p AXv.
da
auem\m A_vZp¬ _mcn Xß-fpsS ImeØv (1920 apX¬ 1965

¬ h^m-Øm-Ip-∂-Xp-hscbmWv At±lw ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ Z¿kv \S-
da
Øn-b-Xv. AXn\v apºv ]nXmhv tImbm-apń apkv-enbm-cm-bn-cp∂p
AhnsS apZ¿-cn-kv.) ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse bphm-°-fn¬ _lp-`q-cn-`m-Khpw
w.
C¿imZv, ap¿in-Zv, ^Xvlp¬ apCu≥ XpS-ßnb InØm-_p-Iƒ
w.
Z¿kn¬ h∂v ]Tn-®-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]g-a-°m¿ C∂pw km£y-
s∏-Sp-Øpw. B amXrI DkvXmZv sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm¿ Xs‚ DucIw
ww
tImWn-tØmSv Z¿knepw (1955-˛1969) FS-°p-fØpw \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-

∂p. A°m-esØ Duc-IsØ sNdp-∏° - m-sc√mw Cim-˛a - K
- vcn-_n-\n-S-
ww
bnepw Cim- \nkvIm-c-Øn\v tijhpw Z¿kn¬ h∂v ]Tn-®n-cp-∂Xv
{]kvXpX Z¿knse hnZym¿Yn-bm-bn-cp∂ Cu hn\o-X\p A`n-am-\-
tØmsS Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bpw.
DkvXmZv sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm-cneq-sS-bmWv C.-Fw. ka-kvX-bp-
sSbpw t]mj-IL-S-I-ß-fp-sSbpw kakvX ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw
{]h¿Ø-I\pw am¿K\n¿tZ-inbpw BIp-∂-Xv. kp∂n al√v sÛ-
td-j\p Iogn¬ \S-Ønb ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw C.-Fw. \nd-™p-\n-
64 65
v Iw
m
Nßm-Ø-Øns‚ a{Zkm Imew,
I¿tam-’p-IX
- b
- psS XpS¿Imehpw
m
kn.-F—
- v. _m∏pń apkven-bm¿, ]d-∏q¿
.co
.co
]pXp-∏d - º
- nse _bm-\p¬ Ckvemw aZvdk - b
- n¬ ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv C.-F-Ωp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw ASp-Øn-S-
]-gI- p-∂Xpw. A∂v Rm≥ AhnsS Bdmw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ
da
At±lw A©mw ¢mkn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ¢mkns‚ hyXym--kap≠m-
da
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw sNdp∏w apXte \√ _‘w \ne-\n¿Øn. kulr-
Z-ßƒ°pw _‘-ßƒ°pw {]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p
hu
At±-lw. Chn-SsØ aZvdk - b
- n¬ Zo¿L Imew kzZvdmbn tkh-\a - \
- p-jvTn®
Ad-_n-°pń apkven-bm¿, Ip™m-bn≥ apkven-bm¿ XpS-ßn-b- AlvaZv Ipń apkven-bm¿, CubnsS acn-®-t∏mƒ, AhnsS t]mb
hu
h-cm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS DkvXm-Zp-am¿. apsºms° [mcmfw HmØp- Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv Rm≥ Ah-km-\-ambn At±-lsØ ImWp-∂-Xv.
]- ≈ n- I - f p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ nepw aZv d k h∂- t ∏m- t g°pw Ah ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ hoSv. C.Fw hfsc
rul
h√msX Npcp-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. kPo-h-am-bn-Øs∂ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-\n∂v ImWp-

Ibpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
rul
]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp- aZvdk - b - n¬Xs∂ Xo¿Øpw hyXn-cn-‡\ - mb
Hcm-fm-bn-´m-Wt±lw ImW-s∏-´X - v. ]T-\Ø- n¬ h√mØ Xm¬]-cyhpw apX-A-√n-ao-ß-tfmSv h√mØ BZ-chpw kvt\l-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ign-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \nXyhpw ¢mkn¬ h∂n-cp∂ At±lw kq£va- A∂p-Xs∂ At±-lØ - ns‚ Xd-hmSv hoń¬ `£Ww Ign-°m-\mbn
da
X-tbmSpw Ah-[m\-X-tbm-Sp-amWv hnjb-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXn- apX-A-√n-ao-ßƒ t]mIm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cp-am-bp≈ \√ _‘-
da
cp-∂-Xv. Øn-eq-sSbpw ASp-∏-Øn-eq-sS-bp-amWv At±lw hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xv.
\nkvImc Imcy-ßf - n¬ {]tXyI {i≤-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ^¿fp-Iƒ°v A©mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn- ° p- t ºmƒXs∂ \√ kΩm- \ - ß fpw
w.
]pdsa kp∂-Øp-Ifpw ]Xn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm-[\mImcy-ßƒ t{]m’m-l\ - ß

- fpw e`n-®n-cp∂p. ]pkvXI - ß
- f
- mWv A∂v s]mXpsh
Ign- ® n- ´ mWv at‰- X n\pw ap∂nń- d - ß n- b n- c p- ∂ - X v . hfsc sNdp∏w kΩm-\ß - f
- mbn e`n-®n-cp-∂X - .v \√ am¿°v kvtIm¿ sNøp-∂h¿t°
w.
apX¬Xs∂ CØcw Imcy-ßf - n-sems° {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. Bdmw ¢mkn-te°v {]th-i\w e`n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. C¿imZpw AZvIn-b-
bp-sams° Bdmw-¢m-kn-em-bn-cp∂p ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. ]d-∏q-
ww
{]ap-J-am-sbmcp IpSpw-_-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p P\n-®-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-

cn¬\n∂p Im¬\-Sb - m-bn-´mWv A∂v Rm≥ ]pXp-∏d - º
- n¬ aZvdk - b
- n-
bp≈ Hcp IpSpw- _ - Ø n¬\n- ∂ m- b n- c p∂p hnhm- l - h pw. ]s£,
ww
se-Øn-bn-cp-∂X - v. sambvXo≥ Ipń lmPn, IΩp-°pń lmPn t]mse-
Xo¿Øpw Ffnb PohnXw \bn-°m-\mWv Xm≥ B{K-ln-®X - v.
bp-≈h- c
- mWv IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. GI-tZiw 1959 embn-cp∂p CXv.
kp∂o BZ¿i-ßf - n¬ ASn-bp-d® - p-\n-∂mWv At±lw GsXmcp
]d-∏q¿ k_o-ep¬ lnZmb Ad-_nIv tImsf-Pns‚ Bcw-`-Imew
DZy-aØ - n-te°pw ap∂n-ń-dß - n-bn-cp-∂X - v. BZ¿i-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬
apX¬Xs∂ At±lw Rß-tfm-sSm∏w kl-I-cn®v {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-
bmsXmcp hn´p-ho-gvN°pw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√.
∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw ChnsS hcn-Ibpw Imcy-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw
Hcp Imcyhpw At±lw A‘-ambn A\p-I-cn-°p-Itbm hniz- sNbvXp. ]e-t∏mgpw Ipń-Iƒ°v Nnt¥m-±o-]-I-amb ¢mkp-Iƒ
kn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. GsXmcp Imcy-Øn-s‚bpw kXym- \¬In. ChnsS \S-∂n-cp∂ ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifnepw ]s¶-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-
hÿ a\-n-em-°n-bmWv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
66 67
v Iw
∂p. BZy Imew apX¬ acWw hsc tImsfPv IΩn‰n saº-dm-bn-
cp∂p. B Hcp t_m[w ÿm]-\h - p-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-
\-Ønepw icn°pw \ng-en-®p-Im-Wm-am-bn-cp-∂p.
At±-lw-Xs - ∂-bmWv k_o-ep¬ lnZm-bb - psS `c-WL- S- \ Xøm-
dm-°n-b-Xv. \m´p-Im-c-s\∂ \ne°v hfsc ASp-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm-≠p-
m
Xs∂ ÿm]\ Imcy-ßf - p-ambn _‘w \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ]≈n-Z¿knse A\p-`h
- ßƒ
a¨X-SØ
- n¬ apl-ΩZv amÃ¿
m
apgp kab {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. Hcp kabw t]mepw
A\m-h-iy-ambn Nne-h-gn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ft∏mgpw Fs¥-¶nepw
.co
tPmen-I-fn¬ hym]r-X-\mbn ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p. HmØp-]-≈n-bnepw a{Z-k-bnepw Z¿knepw Rßƒ H∂n-®mWv
.co
NnIn-’b- p-ambn _‘-s∏´pw At±lw ]e XhW ChnsS h∂n- ]Tn-®-Xv. tXmfn¬ ssIsh®pw Ipi-e-ßƒ ]d™pw XpS-ßnb
´p-≠v. At±-l-Øn-s\mcp Im¬th-Z-\-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]IrXn NnIn- _‘w ]n∂oSv apdn-bmsX \ne-\n-∂p. Ht∂m ct≠m hbns‚
’-bmWv At±lw AXn-\mbn CjvSs - ∏-ń-cp-∂X - v. Ah-km\ ImeØv hyXymkw am{Xta Rßƒ°n-S-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
da
{]tal tcmKhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]tal tcmKn-Iƒ°v \SØw \√- Fs‚ sIm®p-Im-esØ Pohn-Xw-Xs∂ C.-F-Ωns‚ hoń-em-bn-
da
Xm-sW∂v At±lw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. cp-∂p. AhnsS-\n-∂mWv Rm≥ hf¿∂Xpw ]Tn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂X - pw.
Ah-km\ Ime-ß-fn¬ ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse aX-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sS- CXn\v Nne Imc-Wß - f - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. As∂ms° s]mXpsh Bfp-
hu
sb√mw t\Xm-hmbn amdn At±-lw. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, AhnsS Iƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv \mńse P∑n IpSpw-_-ßsf Np‰n-∏-‰n-bm-Wv.
\S-°p∂ A[nIw ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-te°pw Fs∂ £Wn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bmWv PohnX kuI-cy-ßfpw `£W e`y-Xbp-sa√mw th≠-
hu
]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬sh®v ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw Rm≥ At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w t]mse D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp ASpØ kplr-Øm-bn-cp∂ Fs‚ `£-
]s¶-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. Hcp h¿jw apºv H‰-sØ-ßn¬ sh®p \S∂ d_o- Whpw Xma-khpw C.-F-Ωns‚ hoń-em-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v F√m-h-sc-
rul
D¬ A∆¬ ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm¿ A\p-kva-cW bpw-t]mse HmØp]≈n-bm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fp-sSbpw BZy ]mT-im-
e.
rul
]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse Jmfn-bmbn sslZ-cen Xßsf sXc-
s™-Sp-Ø tijw \S∂ Btcm-lW ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw At±-lt- Øm- ]ns∂, aZvdk - b- n¬ t]mbn. FS-°≠ - ≥ sambvXo≥ apkven-bmcpw
sSm∏w Rm≥ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. F∂pw D]-tZi ab-ap≈, Npcp°w Ip™n-ap-l-ΩZv sam√-bp-am-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ A[ym-]-I¿. Jp¿-
da
]Z-ß-fn-emWv At±lw {]kw-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im-cmb sFZ- B\pw aX-]c - a

- mb Imcy-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-®Xv aZvdk - b - n¬\n-∂m-
da
dqkv apkven-bmcpw A–p¬ _mcn DkvXm-Zp-am-bn-cp∂p Cß-s\- Wv. ]T\ hnj-bØ - n¬ C.Fw A∂p-Xs∂ hfsc ap∂nemWv. DkvXm-
sbmcp a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-Xz-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn- Zp-am¿s°ms° henb CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. A®-S-°hpw ]T-\-hp-amWv
w.
®-Xv. a‰p-≈h - c
- n¬\n∂p hyXn-cn-‡\ - m-bn-°n-bX- .v GI-tZiw ]Ømw hbkv
hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-f-hn-em-bn-cp∂p Cu ]T-\-ßƒ.
w.
CsX√mw Gsd aßn-°gn™ Hm¿a-Iƒ... ]pXp-∏d - ºv kvIqfpw
aZvdk- bpw \n¿Øn ]c-∏\ - ß
- mSn ]\-bØ - n¬ Z¿kn-te°v t]mbXv
ww
apX- e p≈ Hm¿a- I - f mWv C∂pw a\- n¬ IØn- \ n¬°p- ∂ - X v .
ww
AtXmsS Pohn-X-Øn¬Xs∂ ]pXn-sbmcp hmXn¬ Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p.
kvIqfnepw aZvdk - b- nepw A©v Ign-™t- XmsSbmWv C.-FΩ - n\v
Gsd _‘-ap≈ ]c-∏\ - ß- m-Sn-bn¬ t]mIp-∂X - .v At±-lØ - ns‚ DΩ-
bpsSbpw AΩm-h-s‚-bp-sa√mw hoSp-Iƒ Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
C.-F-Ωns‚ hnZym-`ymk bm{X-bn¬ \l IpSpw-_-amb AΩm-h-
∑m¿ henb ]¶v hln-®n-´p-≠.v ]ecpw D∂X ÿm\-am-\ß - ƒ Ae-
68 69
v Iw
¶-cn-°p-∂h - c
- m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS \nc-¥c - a
- mb {]tNm-Z\ - ß
- ƒ IW- Øn\v Cw•o-jn¬ \√ Ign-hmWv. shIp-t∂-c-ß-fnepw a‰p Hgnhv
°n-se-Sp-ØmWv C.Fw ]\-b-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. Ahn-SsØ ]≈n- ka-bß - f- nepw Z¿knse Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ hnZym¿Yn-Isf Hcp-an-®p-Iqń
Z¿kn¬ ]Tn-°p-I, H∏w, kvIqfn¬ t]mhpI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]≤- Ah¿°v Cw•ojv ¢mkpw C.Fw \S-Øn-s°m-Sp°pw. h√mØ
Xn. IqsS Rm\pw ]pd-s∏-´p. Imc-Ww, A∂v Fs‚ F√mw B IpSpw- {]mtbm-KnI _p≤nbpw XymK k∂-≤X - bpw Bfl-hn-izm-kh - p-am-Wv
_-am-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cmWv Fs∂ hf¿Øn-b-Xv. Xm≥ ]pe¿Øn-bXv.
m
*** *** *** *** *** ***
m
{]kn-≤a - mb ]\-bØ - n¬ ]≈n Z¿kv. AXm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS Z¿kv ]T-\L - ´w c≠m-gvNb
- n-sem-cn-°e- mWv C.Fw ]pXp-∏d - º
- nse
]T\tI{µw. Ahn-SsØ A\-h[n hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Rß- hoń¬ h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. _pIƒ A∂v hfsc hnc-f-am--am-Wv. AXp-
.co
fpw tN¿∂p. GI-tZiw 25 hnZym¿Yn-If - m-Wv A∂v Z¿kn¬ D≠m- sIm-≠p-Xs∂ _kv Inń-bm¬ _kn-em-bn-cp∂p bm{X. As√-¶n¬
.co
bn-cp-∂-Xv. tIm´p-ae A_q-_-Iv¿ apkven-bm-cm-bn-cp∂p DkvXm-Zv. A[n-Ihpw \S-∂n-´m-bn-cp∂p ]pXp-∏-d-ºn-te°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂v ]c-
hfsc {]mK¬`y-ap≈ ]fin-X≥ - . Hmtcm Ipń-sbbpw sht∆-sd-bmbn ∏-\-ßm-Sn-bn-te°pw bm{X. At±lw \mń¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ H∏w
a\-n-em-°m\pw Xncn-®d - n-bm\pap≈ Ignhv At±-lØ - n\v D≠m-bn- Rm\pap≠m-Ipw.
da
cp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw ]T\Imcy-Ønepw At±-l-Øn\v \√
*** *** ***
t_m[-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
da
Z¿kn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ C.Fw kvIqfnepw t]mbn-
A©v h¿j-am-bn-cp∂p ]\-b-Øn¬ ]≈n-bnse Z¿kv ]T-\w.
cp-∂p. Bdmw ¢mkn-emWv tN¿∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ]Ømw ¢mkv hsc ]c-∏-
GI-tZiw 1958 apX¬ 1963 hsc-. kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb B Ime-ØmWv
hu
\-ßmSn Xs∂- ]T-\w XpS¿∂p.
]e Imcy-ß-fp-ambpw ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Ip-∂Xpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xpw. ]e
hu
InØm-_p-Ifpw Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kc - a
- p-≠m-bn. anivIm-Øv, ]I¬ kv I qfn¬ t]mhp- I bpw cm{Xn Z¿kn¬ hcn- I bpw
A¬^n-b, ^Xvlp¬ apCu≥, id-lp-Øl - Zv o-_,v cnbm-fp-zm-en-lo≥, sNøp∂ Ipń- I ƒ°v al- √ - Ø p- h I A∂v `£- W tam Xmak
kuIcytam e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ F\n°v A∂v kvIqfn¬
rul
apJvXk - z¿, al-√n, Pem-sse\n XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ßs - f√mw HmXn. al-
√nbpw X^vko-dp-amWv DkvXmZv t\cn´v R-ßƒ°v ¢msk-Sp-Øn-cp- XpS¿∂p t]mIm≥ km[n-®n-√.
rul
∂-Xv. kp_vlv \nkvIm-c-Øn\v tij-am-bn-cp∂p X^vko¿ ¢mkv. C.-F-Ωn\v AΩm-h-∑m-cpsS km∂n-[yap-≠m-b-Xn-\m¬ Cß-s\-
C.Fw F∂pw AΩm-h∑ - m-cpsS hoń-emWv Dd-ßn-bn-cp-∂X - v. cm{Xn sbmcp {]iv\ap≠mbn-√. kvIqfn¬ t]mIp-∂X - n-\m¬ Ah-cpsS hoń-
da
H∂mw Z¿kv Ign™v `£Ww Ign-°m≥ hoń¬ t]mIpw. `£-W- emWv At±lw Xma-kn-®Xpw `£Ww Ign-®Xpw.
tijw c≠mw Z¿kn\v ho≠pw hcpw. Dd-ßm≥ t]mbm¬ ]ns∂ A©p h¿j-Øn\v tijw DkvXmZv PmanA \qcn-ø-bnte°p
da
DkvXm-Zns‚ X^vko¿ ¢mkn\v kp_-ln°v apºp-Xs∂ ]≈n-bn¬ t]mb-t∏mƒ Z¿kv ]T\w \n¿Øn. AtXmsS kvIqƒ ]T\w ]Øn-
Xncn-s®-Øpw. hfsc Nn´-bp≈ Pohn-Xa - m-Wv A∂p-Xs∂. F√m-‰nepw se-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.
w.
IrXy-\n-jvT ]pe¿Øn. aX-]-c-amb Hcp ASn-Ød icn-bm-°nb tijw ùXnI ]T\
w.
]T-\-ssi-enbpw {KlWtijnbpw F∂pw A¬`p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp- cwK-tØ-°mWv At±lw Xncn-™X - .v ]c-∏\- ß
- mSn hn´ tijw t\sc
∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ DkvXm-Zp-am¿°p At±-l-tØmSv ^dqJv tImsf-Pn-te°v t]mbn.
ww
h√mØ CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. DkvXm-Zns‚ ¢mkv Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ *** *** ***
ww
Hscm-‰-Ø-h-W-bmWv At±lw InØm-_p-Iƒ t\m°pI. AXn¬ "⁄mt\m-Zbw' hmb-\i
- me
\√-t]mse {i≤-bq∂pw. ]n∂oSv AXv adn-t°≠ Bhiyw t]mep-
ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]co-£m-th-f-I-fn¬ F√m-hcpw Dd-°-sam-gn®v ]Tn- ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ hoń¬ hcp-tºmƒ C.Fw \mńse
°p-tºmƒ At±lw InS-∂p-dßp-∂Xp ImWmw. F∂mepw dnkƒ´v kmaq-lnI kmwkvImcnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
hcptºmƒ At±-l-Øn\v H∂mw ÿm\ap≠m-Ipw. hnZym-`ym-khpw kmaq-lnI ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v Xs‚ a\-
n¬ \nd-™p-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv.
]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ InXm-_p-I-fnse Adn-bmØ ]Z-
ßƒ°v A¿Yw Ipdn®nńcp-∂Xpw Bh-iy-ap-≈n-SØv i¿lv (-hn-i- Fgp-Øn-s\-°p-dnt®m hmb-\-sb-°p-dnt®m ]{X-ß-sf-°p-dnt®m
Zo-I-c-Ww) Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂Xpw Cw•o-jn-em-Wv. A∂p-Xs∂ At±-l- s]mXpsh B¿°pw t_m[-an-√mØ A°m-eØv, At±lw ]pXp-∏-
70 71
v Iw
d-ºn¬ "⁄mt\m-Zbw' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp hmb\ime ÿm]n-®p. Whpw Nn¥-I-fp-sa-√m-am-bn-cp∂p Imc-Ww.
icn°pw C∂sØ Aßm-Sn-bn¬X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. \mńse BbnsS ]pXp-∏-d-ºv tI{µo-I-cn®v Rßƒ "apkvenw dneo^v
Xs‚ \√-h-cmb kplr-Øp-°-fpsS ]n≥_-e-Øn-em-Wv At±lw IΩn‰n' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp sNdnb Iq´mbvabp≠m-°n. C.Fw Xs∂-
CXn\v ap∂n-ń-d-ßn-b-Xv. Rm\pw ]me-∏pd A“Zv lmPn XpS-ßnb bm-bn-cp∂p AXns‚bpw ]n∂n¬. Rm\pw Ip™-lΩ - Zv amjpw a‰p
]ecpw At±-l-tØm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nnecpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
m
hmb-\-im-e-bn¬ A∂v e`y-am-bn-cp∂ ]e ]{X-ßfpw h∂n-cp- \mńse \n¿[-\-cmb Bfp-Isf hnZym-`ymk]c-ambpw kmº-
m
∂p. hmbn-t°-≠ amK-kn-\p-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \mSns\ kw_-‘n- Øn-I-ambpw klm-bn-°p-I, Ah¿°v hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p≈ kuI-
®n-S-tØmfw hen-sbmcp hf¿®bpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. cy-ßƒ Hcp-°pI XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p {][m\ e£yßƒ.
.co
Irjn-bn¬ am{Xw Nn¥n-®p-\S- ∂ - Bfp-Iƒ CtXmsS, Hgn-™n-cn-°p∂
\mń¬ ]e \√ {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw ImgvN sh°m≥ Cu Iq´m-
.co
ka-bß - f
- n¬, hmb-\i - m-eb
- n¬ Ibdn hmbn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. ]pXpXe-
apd ]{X-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p. Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠p-Xs∂ ]pXp- bva°v km[n®p. \nch[n ]mh-s∏´ Ipń-Iƒ°v kvIqfnse ]mT-]p-
kvX-I-ßƒ kuP-\y-ambn hnX-cWw sNøm\pw hnhmlw Ign-®p-
∏-d-ºns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ {it≤-b-am-sbmcp ap{Z ]Xn-
hn-Sm≥ hI-bn-√mØ s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ°v hnhm-ls - ®-ehp \¬Im\pw
da
°m≥ Cu hmb\ime°v km[n-®p.
Ign-™p. Ieym-Ww, aX-˛` - u-XnI hnZym-`ym-kw, kmaq-lnI s]mXp-
Bfp-I-fnse hmb-\m-{]n-b-scbpw ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bnse A\n-hm-
da
Im-cy-ßƒ XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fnse√mw Cu kwLw Imcy-£-a-am-
cy-amb hmb-\s - bbpw ap∂n¬°≠v C.Fw kmdns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ bn-Øs∂ CS-s]-´p.
A∂v Hcp sse{_- d nbpw XpS- ß n- . ]pXp- ∏ - d ºv Aßm- S n- b n¬
hu
*** *** ***
hmb\ime tI{µo- I - c n- ® p- X - s ∂- b m- b n- c p∂p CXpw. Hmtcm "C.-FΩ
- ns\ a’-cn-∏n°mw'
hu
hoń¬\n∂pw ]pkvXI - ß
- ƒ tiJ-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv CXv XpS-ßn-bXv.
BZyw \mń-emsI Np‰n \S∂v In´m-hp∂ ]pkvX-I-ß-sf√mw tiJ- \mń¬ Hcp ]©m-bØv sXcs™Sp∏ns‚ Imew. hfsc apºm-
Wv kw`-hw. \s√mcp saºsd sXc-s™-Sp-°W - w... Abmƒ \mSn\v
rul
cn-®p. hfsc hnPbIc-am-bn-cp∂p XpS°w. \mń¬ Iptd hmb-\-
°m-sc-bp-≠m-°m\pw ]pkvXI - t- {]-an-Isf krjvSn-°m\pw AXv hgn- kpk-ΩX - \pw AwKo-Ic - n-°s- ∏-´h
- \
- p-am-bn-cn-°W
- w... Bfp-Iƒ Nn¥n-
rul
sbm-cp-°n-. ®p. cmjv{Sob taJ-e-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ AXn-\mbn Bsf
At\z-jn-°m≥ XpS-ßn.
*** *** ***
da
"C.-FΩ- ns\ a’-cn-∏n°mw.' AXm-Wv Ah-km\w Xocp-am-\-am-

]pXp-∏d- ºv sas√ sas√ hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Imew. kaq-
b-Xv. sFI-IW - vtTy\ Bfp-Iƒ AXv G‰p-]d - ™
- p.
da
l-Øns‚ \m\m-hn[ ]ptcm-K-Xn-I-sfbpw kv]¿in-°p∂ sIm®p-
sIm®p Iq´m-bva-Iƒ Db¿∂p-h-cm≥ XpS-ßn-. \mńse {][m-\n-Iƒ At±-lsØ I≠v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v t\man-
t\-j≥ \¬Im≥ ]d-™p. ap∂n-ń-d-ßp-∂-]£w F√m-\n-e°pw
w.
Aß-s\-bmWv "akm-en-lp¬ apkven-ao≥ kwL' hpambn kn.-

hnPbw Dd∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. P\-ßsf tkhn-°m-\p≈
F—v DkvXmZv IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. \mńse ]mh-ßsf klm-bn-°¬,
w.
G‰hpw \s√mcp am¿K-amWv CsX∂v ]d-™mWv Ah¿ C.-FΩ - ns\
\ncm-ew-_sc ]cn-Nc - n-°¬, kmwkvIm-cnI Imcy-ßf - n¬ {i≤n-°¬
AwKo-I-cn∏n-°m≥ {ian-®-Xv. Ft∏mgpw kmaq-lnI tkh-\-Øn¬
XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p {][m-\-ambpw e£y-ßƒ.
ww
kt¥mjw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp∂ Bfm-W√m At±-lw.

Iq´mbva hfsc hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-Øs∂ \mń¬ {]h¿Øn-®p.
ww
]s£, sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ a’-cn-°p-∂-Xntem a’-c-Øn¬
C.FΩpw AXns‚ \s√mcp KpW-Imw-£n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Pbn®v t\Xm-hm-Ip-∂-Xntem At±-l-Øn\v H´pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-
*** *** *** cp-∂n-√. P\-tk-h-\-Øn\v CX-√msX thsdbpw [mcmfw hgn-I-fp≠v
"apkvenw dneo^v IΩn‰n' F∂mWv At±lw ]d-™X - .v AXmbn-cp∂p At±lw hniz-kn-®X - pw.
C.Fw s]mXpsh \mń¬ Iptd Nßm-Xn-am-cp≈ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, At±lw B A`y¿Y\ \nc-kn®p. ]e-
F√m-hc- psS apºnepw \√ AwKo-Im-ch
- pw Inń. kplr-Øp-°ƒ°n- scbpw tXm¬∏n®v t\Xm-hm-Ip-I-sb∂ k¶¬]w Xs∂ At±-l-
S-bn¬ At±lw Hcp Imcyw ]d-™m¬ AXns\ FXn¿°mt\m Øn\v ]nSn-®n-cp-∂n-√. cmjv{Sob taJ-e-bnse ]cn-an-Xhpw ss\an-jn-
tNmZyw sNømt\m Bcpw apt∂m-´p-h-∂n--√. At±-lØ
- ns‚ \√ ho£- I-hp-amb t\Xr-XzsØ At±lw Xcnºpw B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p-an-√.
72 73
v Iw
cmjv{So-b-tØmSv Xs∂ s]mXpsh Ae¿Pn-bmWv At±l-Øn\v.
GsX-¶nepw Hcp ]m¿ń-bpsS Bfmbn Na™v ]pd-Øn-d-ßmt\m
Bfp-Isf Iq´mt\m Xøm-dm-bn√-. s]mXpsh CØcw Imcy-ßf - n¬\n-
s∂√mw AI-∂p-\n¬°m-\mWv At±lw Xm¬]-cy-s∏-´X - v.
*** *** ***
Bflm¿Y-Xbm-bn-cp∂p ap≥I-cp-X¬
m
]\-b-Øn¬ ]≈n-bn¬ tIm´p-ae DkvXm-Zns‚ Z¿kn¬ ]Tn-
kønZv sslZ-cen inlm_v Xßƒ
m
°p∂ Imew. Rß-fpsS ¢mkvta‰p-If - n¬ c≠v apl-ΩZmWv D≠m-
bn-cp-∂-Xv. H∂v Rm\pw at‰Xv C.FΩpw. apl-ΩZv F∂mWv At±-l-
.co
Øns‚ t]cpw. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn¬ s{]m^-k-dmb tijw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS {]mcw-`- L´wapX¬Xs∂ \njvI-f-¶-ambn
.co
At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv Npcpßn C.-Fw. km¿ F∂mbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp- kvt\ln®pw Bflm¿Y-ambn {]h¿Øn®pw H∏w \n∂, ho£-Whpw
∂p. Imgv N - ∏ m- S p- a p≈ hen- s bmcp a\p- j y- \ m- b n- c p∂p C.- apl- Ω Zv
tIm´p-ae DkvXm-Zns‚ ¢mkn¬ Rßƒ c≠p-t]cpw Adn-b- kmln_v. ]n.-Fk - v.F
- w.H tImsf-Pn¬ Bbn-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ Xs∂ Zmdp¬
da
s∏´ apl-ΩZpam-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Fs∂ sNdnb apl-ΩZv F∂pw At±- lpZm-bnse ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v At±lw hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kp∂n-Iƒ°n-
lsØ henb apl-ΩZv F∂p-amWv DkvXmZv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. S-bn¬ ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw t\Snb Bfp-Iƒ hfsc hnc-f-am-bn-
da
]pXp-∏-d-ºm-bn-cp-∂t√m A∂v ]e Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw tI{µw. cp∂ Hcp Imeambn-cp∂p AXv. Aß-s\-sbmcp ImeØv At±lw
kz¥w Xm¬]-cy-tØmsS \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ
hu
]e ]fin- X - ∑ mcpw Ahn- s S- b mWv D≠m- b n- c p- ∂ - X v . tImgn-
t°mSv\ns∂√mw ]e ]fin-Xcpw hcp-tºmƒ BZyw Rß-fpsS ÿm]-\-Øn\v henb apX¬°q-´m-bnamdn.
hu
DkvXm-Zns‚ ASp-tØ-°mWv h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ Rß-fm-bn- hfsc Zo¿L-Zr-jvSn-tbm-Sp-IqSn am{X-amWv At±lw GsXmcp
cp∂p Ahsc ]c-∏-\-ßm-Sn-\n∂p hb¬h-c-ºn-eqsS ]pXp-∏-d-ºn- Imcyhpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. At±l-Øns‚ Nn¥-Ifpw Aß-s\-bm-
rul
te°v hgn-\S- Ø- n-bn-cp-∂X

- v. iwkp¬ De-as- bms° A∂v ]pXp-∏d - - bn- c p- ∂ p. Hcp ÿm]-\-Øns‚ tkh-I-\m-Ip-tºmƒ B ÿm]-\-
ºn-te°v h∂n-cp-∂Xv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. Øn\v Xms\mcp `mc-am-Im≥ ]mSn-√m-sb∂ Dd® \ne-]m-Sp-Im-c-\m-bn-
rul
cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. t]cnepw s]cp-a-bnepw Xs∂-°mƒ anI-®p-
\n¬°p-∂h - s- cbpw Ih-®p-sh-°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚ Ign-
da
hv. \ΩpsS ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw GXv Bh-iy-ßƒ°p-th≠n

£Wn-®mepw F√mw am‰n \n¿Øn AXn-\mbn HmSn-sb-Øm≥ At±lw
da
Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. {]h¿Ø\ k∂-≤-Xbpw Bflm¿∞-X-bp-am-bn-
cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Icp-Øv. PmStbm {]I-S\ ]c-Xtbm sXm´p-
w.
Xo-≠p-I-t]mepw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. GsXmcp Imcyw Gs‰-Sp-Ømepw
w.
hfsc IrXy-am-bn-Øs∂ AXv \n¿∆-ln°pw.
]e-t∏mgpw ]e Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn At±lw Fs∂ h∂p
ww
ImWm- d p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Rm\pw At±lhpw Ime- ß ƒ°p- a pºp

apX¬Xs∂ ASp-∏hpw _‘hpw \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
hf¿∂phcp∂ hnZym¿Yn Xe-ap-d-sb-bmWv At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw
Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ft∏mgpw DW¿∂n-
cn-°p∂ Adnhpw hnth-Ihpap≈ Hcp Xe-apd ChnsS D≠m-bn-cn-
°-W-sa-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈
Hcp Xe-ap-d-bpsS cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn At±lw bXv\n-®p. hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒ°v tIhe ]T-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw krjvSn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xn-e-∏pdw
Ign-hp-≈-hsc Xnc-s™-SpØv Ah¿°v Bhiyamb am¿K\n¿tZ-
74 75
v Iw
m
Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw Zo\o-tk-h\-Ø
- n-¬
sNdp-ticn ssk\p-±o≥ apkven-bm¿
m
.co
ùXnI taJ-eb - n¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpw ImgvN∏ - mSpw D≠m-
.co
bn´pw Zo\ns‚ icn-bmb hgn ssIhn-SmsX, alm-∑m-cpsS ]mX-bn¬
Dd-®p-\n∂ \s√mcp aX{]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂p C. apl-ΩZv kmln-
_v. euIn-I-amb Adnhpw hf¿®bpw t\Sn-b- ]ecpw bYm¿Y
da
Zo\ns‚ ]mX-bn¬\n∂v sX∂n-am-dn-t∏m-bn-cp∂ Hcp ImeØv kXy-
]mX Xncn-®d - n™v AXn¬Xs∂ Dd®p \n¬°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p At±-
da
lw. A√m-lp-hns‚ `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≈ hen-sbmcp Xuô-Jm-Wn-Xv.
i-ßƒ \¬Ip-I F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±lw Xnc-s™-SpØ hgn.
F√m-h¿°pw e`n-°p-I-bn-√. Nne Bfp-Iƒ°v am{Xta D≠m-hp-I-
hu
kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Gsd D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
bp-≈q. AØ-c° - m-cn¬ {][m-\n-bm-Wv C. apl-ΩZ- v.
hu
]p¶-\q-cn-te°v {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ t]mIp∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v N¿®-Iƒ
Zo\n\pw kp∂Øv Pam- A - Ø n\pw A\p- I q- e - a mb hgn- b n-
\S∂, Zmdp¬ lpZmbnse B IΩn‰n tbmK-Øn-emWv Rm≥ Ah-
eqsSbmWv At±lw \S-∂p-t]m-b-Xv. CtX Nn¥-bn¬ Xs∂ Dd-®p-
km-\-ambn At±-lsØ ImWp-∂-Xv. A∂v Zmdp¬ lpZm bqWn-th-
rul
\n-∂m-bn-cp∂p Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw. ]fin-X-∑m-tcmSpw alm-

gvkn-‰n-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S∂ N¿®-Iƒ°pw Ãm‰yqSvkv P\-d¬
∑m-tcm-Sp-ap≈ \nc-¥c _‘-amWv At±-lsØ Cu hgn apdp-sI-∏n-
rul
t_mUn-bneh-X-cn∏n-°p-∂-Xns\°pdn-®p≈ Btem-N-\-Iƒ°pw
Sn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-®X - .v \ΩpsS ]e ÿm]-\ß - f
- p-sSbpw Db¿®-bnepw
t\XrXzw \¬In-bXv At±-la - m-bn-cp-∂p.
hf¿®-bnepw henb ]¶v Xs∂ hln-®n-´p-≠v. _p≤n-]-c-ambn Ipń-
da
hy‡n-]-c-am-bn-Øs∂ F\n°v At±-l-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-ap- Isf hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm\pw Ah¿°v Zo\nøpw Zp≥b-hn-øp-amb
≠v. At±lw ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn-¬ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Adn-hp-Iƒ ka-\z-bn-∏n®v \¬Im\pw At±lw ]cn-{i-an-®p. Ipń-I-
da
ImeØv Fs‚ Ipń-Iƒ AhnsS ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. A∂v Ah-cpsS fpsS a\-d- n-™p≈ At±-lØ - ns‚ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø\w Gsd
Imcy-ß-sf√mw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂Xv C.-Fw. kmdmWv. kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßsf
w.
kp∂Øv Pam-A-Øn\pw apkvenw ÿm]-\-ßƒ°pw kwL- kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw At±- l - Ø ns‚ {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ henb
w.
S\-Iƒ°pw hen-sbmcp Xmßpw AØm-Wn-bp-amWv At±-lØ - ns‚ apX¬°q-´m-bn-cp-∂p.
ac-WØ - n-eqsS \jvSa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. Cu taJ-eI
- f
- n-se√mw tim`n- F\n°v At±-l-hp-ambn Zo¿L ImesØ _‘-ap-≠v. ]e-
ww
®p-\n-∂n-cp∂ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. t∏mgpw ]e Imcy-ßƒ°mbn At±lw Fs∂ ImWm≥ hcm-dp-≠m-
ww
bn-cp-∂p. ]pXp-∏-d-ºv al-√-Øns‚ {]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp-∂t√m At±-lw.
AXpsIm-≠p-X-s∂, \mSp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-ßƒ°m-bn-cp∂p
]e-t∏mgpw Fs∂ kao-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬sh®pw At±-lsØ ImWm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ÿm]-\Ø - ns‚ IΩn‰n tbmK-ßf - n-se√mw Btem-Nn-®X - n\v tijw
am{X-amWv At±lw A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. GXv Imcy-am-
bmepw Hcp FSpØpNm´ kz`mhw At±-l-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
Cusbmcp im¥{]IrXw \√ a\p-jy-cpsS hnti-j-W-am-Wv.
76 77
v Iw
At±lw Iptd Imew ]≈n Z¿kn¬ ]Tn- ® n- ´ ps≠∂pw
tIm´pae A_q-_-Iv¿ apkven-bm-cpsS injy-\m-sW∂pw ]≠v
sFZdqkv apkven-bm¿ Ft∂mSv ]d-™n-cp-∂p.
]pXp-∏-d-ºnse ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-te°pw £Wn-°m≥ h∂n-cp-
∂p. hn\-bhpw emfn-Xyhpw \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ \s√mcp kao-
m
]\coXn-bmWv ImWm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂X - .v De-am-Ct- \mSv \√ BZ-chpw BZ-ch
- n¬ s]mXn™ kao-]\
- ß
- ƒ
sskX-ehn lmPn, ]pen-t°mSv
m
_lp-am-\hpw At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
]pXp-∏-d-ºnse Imcm-´-ßmSn ]≈n-bn¬ PpapA ÿm]n-°m≥
.co
At±lw Fs∂bmWv £Wn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. al-√-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏´ F¨]- X p- I - f psS XpS- ° - Ø n¬ Zmdp¬lp- Z m- b p- a bn _‘-
.co
hy‡n F∂ \ne°v Ahn-SsØ Bfp-If - psS aX-]c- hpw ùXn- s∏´mWv C.-Fw. kmdp-ambn ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Im≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv.
I- h p- a mb Bh- i y- ß sf th≠- t ]mse \nd- t h- ‰ n- s °m- S p- ° m≥ kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-js‚ XpS° Imew-ap-X¬Xs∂ At±lw
At±lw Ign-hXpw {ian-®n-cp-∂p. s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø\ ]mX-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS ]fin-X-∑m¿
da
Da-den inlm_v Xß-fm-bn-cp∂p ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse Jmfn. alm-\- amXrIm Z¿kp-Isf Ipdn®p Nn¥n-®-t∏mgpw tijw, aX ùXnI
da
h¿I-fpsS acWtijw Fs∂ Ahn-SsØ Jmfn-bm-°m≥ ap≥ssI ka-\zb hnZym-`ymkw \¬Ip∂ Hcp ka{K hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-
FSp-ØXv apl-ΩZv kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lhpw Yøn_v ss^kn- sØ-°p-dn®v N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øn-bt- ∏m-gp-sa√mw At±lw IqsSbp≠m-
hu
bp-amWv C°mcyw Zmdp¬ lp-Zm-bn¬ h∂v Ft∂mSv kwkm-cn-®X - v. bn-cp-∂p. ùXnI hnZym-`ymk taJ-eb - n¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ ImgvN∏ - mSpw
]pXp-∏d - º
- nse Ppap-AØv ]≈n-bnem-bn-cp∂p Jmfn-bm-tcm-lW ]cn- Nn¥bpw D≠n-bn-cp-∂X - n-\m¬ At±-lØ - ns‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f- pw kl-
hu
]m-Sn. ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ \m´p-Im¿°p-th≠n ss_AØv sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv I-cW- hpw Cu taJ-eI - f
- n¬ hfsc D]-Imcw sNbvXp. ]fin-X∑ - m¿
C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. \mń¬ h√mØ AwKo-Im-chpw At±-lsØbpw, At±lw ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw th≠-t]mse ]cn-K-
rul
kzoIm-cyXbpam-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn-\v. al-√-Øns‚ Hcp DØ-c- Wn-®n-cp-∂p.

hm-Z-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ \ne°v AXns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-
rul
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS XpS° Ime-ß-fn-se√mw hnZym¿-Yn-Iƒ°v
se√mw Bflm¿Y-ambn CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw Gs‰-SpØv \n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw ]e-hn[ ¢mkp-Iƒ°pw C.-Fw. km¿ hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ùXnI
sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ImgvN∏ - m-Sn-em-bn-cp-∂n√ At±-lØ - ns‚ ¢mkp-Iƒ. ]q¿Æ-ambpw aX-
da
ùXn-Ia - mb kml-Nc - y-ßƒ°n-Sb

- nepw Zo\n-ømb PohnXw \bn- Io-b-amb Hcp i_vZ-amWv AXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. kn.-F-®v. sFZdq-
kv ap-kven-bmcpw _io¿ apkven-bmcpw _m∏p-ń- lm-Pnbpw At±-l-
da
°m≥ ss[cyw ImWn-®p-sh-∂X - mWv At±-lØ - ns‚ Pohn-XØ - nse
hfsc {it≤-b-am-b Imcyw. Ah-km\w Zo\ns‚ am¿K-Øn¬Xs∂ hp-ambn hfsc ASp-∏-Øn-e-bn-cp-∂p. kabw In´p-tºm-sgms°
At±lw ÿm]\w kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-
w.
ac-W-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xo¿®-bmbpw Zo\ns‚ am¿K-Øn-ep≈

acWw hfsc \√ ac-W-am-Wv. alm-∑m-cpsS ]mX-bm-Wn-Xv. henb Øp-Ibpw Ipń-Iƒ°v am¿K-\n¿tZ-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
w.
henb ]fin-X-∑m-sc√mw Zo\ns‚ am¿K-Øn-embn acn-°m-\mWv ∂p. Ah-km\ Ime-ß-fn-se√mw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ hcp-tºmƒ
{]m¿Yn®n-cp-∂X - v. \mY≥ Ah-cpsS aS-°ÿ - ew [\y-am-°s - ´. hfsc BZ-ct- hm-sS-bp≈ kao-]\ - ß
- f - mWv At±lw ssIs°m-≠n-
ww
cp-∂-Xv.
ww
Zmdp¬ lpZm-sb-t∏m-ep≈ ÿm]-\-ßsf tkhn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
ùXn-I-amb bmsXmcp t\´hpw Imw£n-®n-cp-∂n-√. AsXm∂pw Fhn-
sSbpw FSp-Øp-]d - b
- p-Itbm AXns‚ t]cn¬ Al¥ \Sn-°p-Itbm
sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-js‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - nepw
At±-lt- Øm-sSm-∂n®v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Cu hn\o-X\v km[n-®n-´p-≠v.
tIm´-°¬ taJem Fkv.F - w.-F^- ns‚ tbmK-ßf - n¬ ]pXp-∏d- º
- ns\
{]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n®v an°-t∏mgpw C. Fw. km¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p ]s¶-
Sp-Øn-cp-∂X - v. tIm´-°¬ taJ-e Fkv.F - w.-F^
- ns‚ XpS°w apX¬
78 79
v Iw
C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ apJy-Im-cy-Z¿in F∂ \ne-bn¬ F\n°v, ]e
k∂nKv[L´-ß-fnepw A`n-{]m-b-am-cm-bm\pw a‰pw Hcm-{i-bam-bn-cp-
∂p C.Fw.
_m^Jn bXowJm\- b psS {]h¿Ø\kanXn AwKambn
inlm_v Xßƒ \ma-\n¿tZiw \S-Øn-bXv hfsc hen-sbmcp AwKo-
_m^-Jn- b-Xow-Jm\bpsS Nnc-Ime _‘p
m
Im-c-ambn At±lw FSpØp ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\mWv Cu hnhcw
apl-ΩZv ss^kn, ASn-amen
m
At±-lsØ Adn-bn-®-Xv. Xß-∑m-tcmSv h√mØ BZ-chpw kvt\l-
hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xma-kn-bmsX inlm_v Xßƒ ac-W-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-
.co
bn. B _‘w \ne-\n¿Øm≥ At±lw CS-°nsS ]mW-°mSv Xß- hf-h-∂q¿ _m^Jn bØow-Jm-\-bpsS hgn-Im-ńbpw am¿K-
.co
fpsS J_¿ kµ¿in-°m≥ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Z¿in-bp-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂p `n∂-ambn
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v At±-lt- Øm-sSm∏w ]e bm{X- Bflm¿Y-X-bn¬ am{Xw A[n-jvTn-X-amb At±-l-Øns‚ tkh-\-
Ifpw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tImh-fØv Zmdp¬ lpZm ßƒ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ hen-b-ap-X¬Iq´m-bn-cp-∂p.
da
kl-ÿm-]\ - a
- mbn ]pXp-Xmbn h∂ lnZm-bØ- p¬ Ckvemw ZAvhm Bg-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpw hnim-e-amb A\p-`h kºØpw
tImsf-Pns‚ D¬LmS\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ th≠n t]mb-
da
Akm-[m-c-W-amb hn\-bhpw A\p-]-a-amb emfn-Xyhpw au\-Øns‚
t∏mgpw Rßƒ H∂n-®p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ÿm]-\hpw AXns‚ ]ptcm- hm¬ao-I-Øn¬ s]mXn™ A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb Bflhnizm-
K-Xnbpw am{X-am-bn-cp∂p Ft∏mgpw At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥-I-fn¬.
hu
khpw \nc-¥-c-amb {]h¿Ø-\m-k-‡nbpw AZv`p-X-I-c-ambn ktΩ-
bm{X-bn-ep-S-\ofw CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ kwkm-cw. fn® Hcp henb a\p-jy-≥.
hu
D¬Lm-S-\m-\-¥cw Cu kne-_-kns‚ {]tXy-I-Xbpw ka-\zb hnZym- ]mW-°mSv kønZv apl-ΩZen inlm_v Xßƒ ac-Ws - ∏-Sp-
`ym-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw ap≥\ndpØn At±lw sNbvX {]kw- ∂-Xn-\v- aq∂p Znhkw apºmWv C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_ns\ bØow-
rul
Kw hfsc {i≤n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Jm-\-bpsS FIvkn-Iyq-óhv AwK-ambn IΩn-‰n-bn-te°v t\man-t\‰v
acn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ht∂-ap-°m¬ aWn-°q¿ apºp-hsc Fs∂
rul
sNøp-∂-Xv. ]mW-°m-´p-\n∂p bXow-Jm-\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-\-S∂
hnfn®p kwkm-cn-®-Xm-Wv. D®-`-£Ww Ign-s®∂pw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS HSp-hn-esØ Xocp-am-\a
- m-bn-cp∂p AXv. P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn Ip™m∏p
tlm´-en-em-bn-cp-s∂∂pw ]d-™p. Cd-®n-bmWv Ign-s®-sX∂v ]d-™- lmPn-bpsS {]tXyI Xm¬]cyw ]cn-KW - n-®m-Wv Hgnhv h∂ ÿm\-
da
t∏mƒ kq£n-°W - s- a∂v Rm≥ ]d-™n-cp-∂p. F√mw A√m-lp-hns‚ tØ°v At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-∂-Xv. saº-dmbn hfsc
Aew-L-\o-b-amb hn[n. A√mlp At±-l-Øns‚ ]mc-{XnI PohnXw Ipd®p Imew am{X-amWv At±lw {]h¿Øn-®sX-¶nepw bØow-Jm-
da
kz¿Ko-b-am-°p-Ibpw ]c-tem-IØv \sΩ F√m-h-scbpw Ahs‚ \-bp-sSbpw A\p-_‘ ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw `c-W-]-chpw A°m-Z-
kz¿K-tem-IØv Hcp-an®v Iq´pIbpw sNøp-am-dm-Is´. an-I-hp-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ign™ c≠p ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn Xs‚
w.
hne-s∏´ A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw F∂p-ap≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
w.
At±l-Øns‚ IS-∂p-h-chv ÿm]-\-Øn\v Gsd {]Xo-£-Ifpw
\¬In-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
1989 ¬ bXowJm\ dkn-U≥jy¬ kvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°p∂
ww
kµ¿`-Øn¬ F¬.-sI.-Pn, F¬.-]n. hn`m-KØ - ns‚ Ckvem-anIv ÃUo-
kn\v C.-Fw. kmdns‚ Ipdn-∏p-I-fmWv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
B Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ hmßm≥ th≠n a¿lqw sFZdqkv apkven-bm¿
N¶p-sh-ń-bn-ep≈ ^mdqJv kvIqfn-te°v Fs∂ ]d-™-b-°p-I-bp-
≠m-bn. A∂mWv Rm≥ At±-lsØ BZy-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ bØow Jm\°p Iogn¬ Hcp B¿Svkv & kb≥kv
tImsfPv XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\v t{]mPIv‰v dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n IΩn‰n sXc-s™-SpØ kan-Xn-bpsS sNb¿am\pw At±-l-
80 81
v Iw
am-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ {]mY-anI {]h¿Ø\w At±lw Xs∂ ]q¿Øo-
I-cn-°p-Ibpw amºd t_m¿UnwKv aZvd-k-bn¬ Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn
ÿm]\w XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\v Xs‚ injy-\mb Hcp A[ym-]-Is\
{]n≥kn-∏-fmbn \n¿t±-in-®p-X-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. bØowJm\
IΩn‰n amºd t_m¿UnwKv aZvdk Xm¬°m-et- Ø°v sNΩmSv ^mYna
m
klvd tImsfPv \S-Øp-∂X - n\v th≠n \¬In-bt- ∏mƒ At±-lw-Xs∂ {]I-S\ ]c-Xbn√msX
B A[ym-]I - s\ Xs‚ ^mdqJv kvIqfn-te°v hnfn-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn.
m
A–p¬ laoZv ss^kn Aº-e°
- S- hv
bØow Jm\sbbpw A\p-_‘ ÿm]-\ß - s- fbpw kw_-
.co
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw kmdns‚ hntbmKwhenb Hcp hnShv Xs∂-bmWv
kakvX tIcfm Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ kwÿm\
.co
krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
IΩn‰n AwKhpw Pn√m sshkv {]kn-U-≠p-am-bn-cp∂ C.Fw. km¿
kwL-S-\-bpsS \s´√pw AXns‚ i‡-\m-sbmcp {]h¿Ø-I-\p-am-
bn-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnepw a‰p DtZymK cwK-ß-fn-ep-sa√mw
da
kp∂o km∂n[yw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw _nZ-CI - ƒ cwKw ssIbS-
da
°m≥ hnê {iaw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXt- ∏m-gmWv Cß-s\-sbmcp
kwL-S\ \ne-hn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. i‡-\m-sbmcp kp∂o BZ¿i hmZn-
hu
bm-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂, hn⁄m-\o-bß - f
- psS alm-tem-Iß - ƒ Iog-S° - nb
kmdns\ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw G‰hpw CjvSs - ∏´ Hcp {]h¿Ø\
hu
taJ-e-bm-bn-cp∂p CXv. kwL-S-\-bpsS Hmtcm tbmK-ß-fnepw kw_-
‘n-®n-cp∂ At±lw Imcy-£a - a
- mb N¿®-If- n-te°v kl-{]-h¿Ø-
rul
I-cpsS {i≤ sIm≠p-t]m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xo¿Øpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb
rul
ssien-Ifmbn-cp∂p At±lw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
hy‡n-]-c-ambn hfsc Zo¿L-Ime ASp-∏hpw ]cn-N-b-hp-ap-≠m-
bn-cp∂p F\n°v At±-l-tØm-Sv. apsºmcn-°¬ "A√mlp' F∂
da
t]cn¬ Ad-_n-bn¬ Hcp ]pkvXIw hmbn-°m-\n-S-bm-bn. A√m-lp-
da
hns‚ BkvXnIyw sXfn-bn-°p∂ ]e ka¿∞-\-ßfpw AXn-ep-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B[p\nI kb≥kp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]e ]Z-ßfpw
w.
hni-Zo-Ic - W
- ß
- fpw {Kln-°m≥ sNdnb {]bm-ka - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v
Ah a\-n-em-°m≥ C.-Fw. kmdn-s\-bmWv Rm≥ kao-∏n-®X - v. Bg-
w.
Øn¬ imkv{X ⁄m\-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ At±lw Ah Hmtcm∂pw
hfsc hni-Z-ambn hnh-cn-®p-X-∂p. B imkv{Xob Ah-Kmlw Fs∂
ww
A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xv h¿jw apºm-bn-cp∂p CXv.
ww
]n∂oSv Ime-ß-tfmfw \√ _‘-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Fwtπm-bokv
Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ cq]o-Ic - n-®t- XmsS _‘w IqSp-X¬ i‡-am-bn.
akvI‰v kp∂n sk‚-dns‚ klm-b-tØmsS Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-
F-^ns‚ Iogn¬ h¿j-ß-fmbn \S∂v hcp∂ lb¿ FPyp-t°-j≥
t{]m{Km-ans‚ F√m ss[j-WnI ]n≥_-ehpw C.-Fw. kmdm-bn-cp-∂p.
c≠v sF.-F.-Fk - p-Imsc D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ km[n-®psh-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p
kmdns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS dnkƒ´v. henb {]I-S\ ]c-Xtbm tLmj-
ßtfm C√m-sX-bmWv km¿ CXns-e√mw {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂X - v.
82 83
v Iw
sh-t°≠n h∂n-cp-∂n-√.
_kv Nm¿Pv C\-Øn¬t]mepw Hcp cq] {]Xn-êw F{X \n¿_-
‘n-®n´pw ssI ]‰n-bX - p-an-√. cm{Xn hfsc sshIn tNfmcn tdmUn¬
tIm´-°¬ `mK-tØ-°p≈ _kv ImØv Gsd t\cw At±lw
\n¬°pw. A¿[ cm{Xn-bm-bn-cn°pw At±-lsØ bm{X-bm°n Rm≥
m
]mT-]p-kvXIcN-\b
- psS B\-µß
- f- n¬ Xncn-s®-Øp-tºmƒ.
]nW-tßmSv A_q-_°
- ¿
m
Nmb, tIm^n, ioXf ]m\o-bß - ƒ H∂pw At±lw Ign-°n-√.
H∂p-In¬, NqSp-sh-≈w, As√-¶n¬, Poc-Is - h-≈w. cm{Xn `£-Whpw
.co
kakvX tIcf Ckvemw aX hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uv \gvkdn an°-Zn-hk - ß- f- nepw Dt]-£n-°pw. \n¿_‘n-®m¬ Hcp sh≈-∏hpw
.co
¢mkn-te°pw Cw•ojv aoUnbw ÿm]-\ß - f- n-te°pw ]mT]pkvXIw A¬]w NqSp-sh-≈hpw am{Xw.
Xøm-dm-°m≥ C.-Fw. kmdns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp kanXn cq]o-Ic - n- Hmtcm hm°p-w AXp-b¿Øn-tb-°m-hp∂ KpW-]-c-amb ktµ-
®n-cp-∂p. imlp¬ laoZv amÃ¿ ta¬ap-dn, apÿ^m amÃ¿ ap≠p- i-ßfpw hn]-coX ktµ-i-ßfpw At±lw IrXy-ambn ImWp-Ibpw
da
]m-d, tambn≥Ipń amÃ¿ F∂n-hcpw Cu hn\o-X\pw AS-ßn-bX - m-
cN-\-bn¬ {i≤n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm ]mT-hpw cNn-
bn-cp∂p kan-Xn.
da
®Xv kmam\yw Zo¿L-amb N¿®-Iƒ°v tijw am{Xw. Ct∏mgpw
Ad_n, ae-bm-fw, Cw•ojv F∂o `mj-If - n¬ F¬.-sI.-Pn, bp.- ]pkvXI am¿°-‰n¬ kakvX tIcf Ckvemw aX hnZym-`ymk
sI.Pn ¢mkp-I-fnepw H∂p-ap-X¬ A©p-h-sc-bp≈ ¢mkp-I-fn-te-
hu
t_m¿Un- s ‚ ]pkv X - I - ß ƒ anI- ® p- \ n¬°p- ∂ p. Hcp
°pamWv {]YaL´-Øn¬ ]pkvXI - ß
- ƒ Xøm-dm-t°-≠X - .v ta¬ Bh- tImWn¬\n∂pw Hcp sIm®p ]cmXn t]mepw D≠m-bn-√. _Z¬ \n¿t±-
hu
iym¿∞w amk-ßt- fmfw an° cm{Xn-If - nepw C.-Fw. km¿ tNfm-cn- i-ßtfm t]mcm-bva-Itfm ]d-b-s∏-ń-√.
bn-se-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]d-bp-I, Fgp-Xp-I, ]qcn-∏n-°pI XpS-ßnb A`ym-kØ - nse coXn-
rul
sshIn´v Bdv aWn-tbmsS Hmô-kn-seØn cm{Xn hfsc sshIn- I-fn¬ sNdp-sX-¶nepw I¬]-\b - psS kzc-ap-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ ]d-
bmWv At±lw t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv. ]mT-]p-kvXI \n¿am-W-Øns‚ kIe
rul
bmw, Fgp-Xmw, ]qcn-∏n°mw F∂n-ß-s\-bm-bm¬ Ip™p-ßsf
km[y-X-Ifpw `wKn-bmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv At±lw cN\ _lp-am-\n-°epw AtXm-sSm∏w Dt±iy km[y-Xbpw Ds≠∂pw
\S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. At±lw \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-∂p.
da
H∂mw L´- Ø n¬ ]pkv X - I - Ø n¬ Fs¥m- s ° - t hWw, C.- F w. km¿ ]q¿Æ- a mbpw At±- l - Ø ns‚ tkh\w
da
Fßs\bmhWw, t]Pv, A£-cß - f- psS ÿm\w, cq]w, Nn{X-ßƒ ka¿∏n°pI-bmWv ]Xn-h.v Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn-ê - hpw At±lw
XpSßn F√m-‰nepw C.-Fw. kmdn\v Bg-ap≈ Adnhpw ImgvN∏ - m-Sp- kzoI-cn-®n-√. [\-ku-I-cytam apJ-kvXp-Xntbm H´pw CjvS-s∏-´-Xp-
w.
ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. `mjm \n]p-W≥ am{X-a√; ]Tn-Xm-°f - psSbpw A[ym- an- √ . ]pkv X I cN- \ - b psS hnP- b - I - c - a mb ]cy- h - k m- \ - Ø ns‚
]-I-cp-sSbpw a\:imkv{Xhpw C.-Fw. kmdn\v at\m-l-c-ambn Adn- ]nXrXzw At±lw Ah-Im-i-s∏-ń-√. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]¶pw Ignhpw
w.
bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw A`n-\µ - n-®p. a‰p-≈h- sc _lp-am-\n-°p-∂X - n¬
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS ASpØ _‘p F∂ \ne°v F\n°v At±- At±lw {]tXyIw Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. F√m {]Xn-`-I-tfmSpw
ww
l-hp-ambn sNdp-]-cn-N-bta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ]pkvXI \n¿am-W- BZcw sh®p-]p-e¿Øn t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-®p.
ww
hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv Rm≥ At±-lh - p-ambn ASpØnS]g-Ip-∂Xpw F¬.-sI.Pn, bp.-sI.Pn ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v th≠n Xøm-dm-°nb
IqSp-X¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw. ]pkvXI - ß- f- nse Ipń-°h - n-XI- ƒ ]ebm-hrØn, ]e CuW-Øn¬
anI® [\-ÿn-Xnbpw hnZym-`ym-khpw t\Snb C.-Fw. km¿ At±lw ]mSn t\m°n. Ip™nfw a\-ns‚ hyh-lmc Xe-Øn¬
XnI™ hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kpam¿ Bdp amk-tØmfw \o≠p- hym]-cn®p hnNn-¥\w \SØn Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-bmWv sIm®p-]m-´p-Iƒ
\n∂ ]pkvXIcN\m tbmK-ßf - n¬ Hcn-°¬t∏mepw Xma-kn-s®-Øp- t]mepw ]mT]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tN¿Ø-Xv.
Itbm Aku-Ic - y-ßƒ ]d-bp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. A\n-hm-cy-L- A¥y-\n-an-j-tØmfw Hcp hnZy`ymk {]h¿Ø-I-\m-Im≥ `mKyw
´-ßf - n¬ tbmKw am‰n sh°m≥ Xte Znhkw Xs∂ [mc-Wb - m-hpw. D≠m-bXv At±-l-Øns‚ AI-°m-ºns‚ Xm¬]-cy-hp-am-hmw.
C.-Fw. kmdns‚ A`mhw ImcWw ]pkvXI cN\m tbmKw \n¿Øn-
84 85
v Iw
Hcn-°¬t]mepw At±lw Bscbpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-dn-√. ]c-Zq-
jWw At±-lØ - n\v H´pw hi-an-√. \√tX ]dbq; ImWq. Rßƒ
HØp IqSptºmƒ Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp kt¥mjw D≠m-hm-dp-≠v.
At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n[yw t]mepw Bth-i-am-bn-tXm-∂pw. henb
BZ-chv tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p. kwkm-c-Ønepw s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw Gsd
B kzX-kn-≤s- si-en-Iƒ Rßƒ°v Du¿Pw ]I-cp∂p
m
{i≤n-°m≥ Rßƒ {i≤n-°m-dp-≠v. {]tXyIw Hcp Kpcp-hns‚
km∂n[yw-t]mse, Hcp BNm-cys‚ ÿm\w t]mse Hcp henb _io¿ ]\-ßm-ßc
m
a\p-jys‚ km∂n-[y-ambn Rßƒ°-\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. \∑-Iƒ
.co
am{Xw sNbvXpIqń \sΩ hn´p-]n-cn™ C.-Fw. km¿ kwLS\m At first, let me introduce myself...
IpSpw-_-Ønse i‡-\mb am¿KZ¿i-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
.co
I am Prof. E. Muhammed, from Puthupparamba, near
C.-Fw. km¿ Xs‚ PohnXw apgps° ]c-tem-It- Ø-°p≈ ]mtY- Kottakkal.
bhpw ]m¿∏n-Shpw Hcp-°m≥ ]mSp-s]´p. Chn-sS-\n∂v In´p∂ sIm®p
Now I am....
da
sIm®p \mW-b-ßtfm apJ-kvXp-Xn-Itfm A`n-\-µ-\-ßtfm At±lw
Ah-KW - n-®p. Bflm¿Y-ambn Imcy-ambn ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øp. ]c-temI hnZym-`ymk ImgvN-∏m-SpI-fn-se-∂-t]mse C‚¿hyq-hnepw C.-Fw.
da
hnPbw t\Sm-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cyw. henb henb kmdn\v kz¥w ssien-bm-bn-cp-∂p. BZyw kzbw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn,
IjvS∏- m-Sp-Iƒ, Dd-°s
- am-gn-°¬, hni-∏\
- p-`h
- n-°¬, Nn¥-Iƒ F√mw ske- I v j ≥ t_m¿Uv AwK- ß ƒ°pw ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S m≥ kabw
hu
At±-l-Øn\v B\-µ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]c-temI Nn¥-Iƒ Xs∂-bm- \¬In, XpS¿∂v hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-
hu
hWw ]ca kmXzn-I-\mbn At±-lsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®-Xv. Ww. \n_-‘-\-bp≠v; Xs‚ kao-]-Øn-cn-°p∂ Iq´p-Im-c-s\-bmWv
]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p- t Ø- ≠ - X v . \∂mbn ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p- Ø - W w. Ah≥,
Ahs‚ Fs∂m∂pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Iq´p-Im-cs‚ t]cv
rul
Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. F¶nte Iq´p-Im-cs‚ t]cv \nßƒ°pw
rul
tIƒ°p-∂-h¿°pw Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bq...
C‚¿hyq-hn-s\-Ønb 12 t]cpw ]c-kv]cw ]cn-N-b-s∏´v Ign-
bp-tºm-tg°v 12 t]cp-sSbpw Cw•ojv `mj-bn-ep≈ {]mho-Wyhpw
da
Ah-X-cWtijnbpw At±lw \njv{]-bmkw hne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-´p-≠m-
da
hpw. Cßs\ kzX-kn-≤-amb ssien-bmWv C.-Fw. kmdns\ hyXy-
kvX-\m-°p-∂-Xv.
w.
]Øv h¿j-ambn akvIØv kp∂n-sk‚-dns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
w.
Fkv.s - I.-Fk - .v F - k
- .v F
- ^v kwÿm\ IΩn‰n \S-Øp∂ s{S‚ v lb¿
FPyp-t°-j≥ t{]m{Km-ans‚ ske-Ivj≥ t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥
ww
XpS°w apXte C.-Fw. kmdm-bn-cp-∂p. akvI‰v kp∂n sk‚¿ {]kn-

U‚ v am∂m¿ Ckv a m- C u¬ Ip™p lmPn AS-°a- p≈ t\Xm-°-
ww
fpsS \n¿_-‘w aqeamWv C.-Fw ske-Ivj≥ t_m¿Uv sNb¿am-
\m-Ip-∂X - .v ]W-°mSv kønZv kzmZn-Jen inlm_v Xßƒ sNb¿am\pw
A_vZp--aZv ]qt°m-´q¿ I¨ho-\-dp-am-bp≈ t{]m{Km-ans‚ {]Ya
_m®v Xs∂ k¿hi‡-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚ A]m-c-amb A\p-{K-
lw-sIm≠v knhn¬ k¿hokv t\Sn-bt- ∏mƒ F√m-h¿°p-sam∏w At±-
lhpw Gsd kt¥m-jn-®p-sh∂p am{X-a√; hnPbw sImń-KvtLm-
jn-°-cp-sX∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-I-IqSn sNbvXp. AXp apX-se-SpØv
hcpwh¿j-ßf - nse hnZym¿Yn-Isf ]ecpw "Sm¿P‰v' sN-bvtX-°m-sa∂v
86 87
v Iw
At±lw Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv, Nne aΩq-™n-am¿ Fkv.- Ah-km\w \bn® ¢mkv s]cn-¥¬aÆ kp∂o al-en¬ Fkv.s - I.-
sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F-^ns‚ Ncn{X t\´w Xß-fp-sS-Xm-sW∂v \mńepw F-kv.-F-kv.F^v kwL-Sn-∏n® ÃpU≥kv BIvSn-th-j≥ t{]m{Km-
hntZ-iØpw Ip{]-Nc - Ww \S-Øn-bt- ∏m-gmWv kwL-S\ - °v AXv Xpd- ans‚ HcmgvN \o≠p-\n∂ Iymºns‚ D¬Lm-S\ ¢mkm-bn-cn-°W - w.
∂p-]-d-tb-≠n-h-∂-Xv. Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F^v t\Snb Ncn-{X-hn-P- At∏mgpw At±lw FØn-bXv _n-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS c≠v aWn-
b-Øns‚ AWn-b-d-bnse apJy-in¬]n C.Fw kmdm-bn-cp-∂p. °q-tdmfw Ipń-If - p-ambn "k¿Km-flI - X' ({In-tb-‰n-hn-‰n) F∂ hnj-
m
s{S‚ v lb¿ FPyp-t°-j≥ t{]m{Km-ans‚ F√m kn‰nwKnepw b-Øn¬ hnhn[ sKbvap-Ifpw sSIv\n-°p-I-fp-ambn At±lw kwh-
Zn- ® p. hfsc Bth- i - I - c - a m- b n- c p∂p kmdns‚ B ¢msk∂v
m
km¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw kmdpsS \n¿tZ-i-{]-Im-c-am-
bn-cp∂p Hmtcm h¿j-sØbpw ske-Ivj≥ sjUyqƒ Xøm-dm-°n- XpS¿∂p≈ Hcp Znhkw ¢mkn- s \- Ø nb F\n°v hnZym¿Yn- I -
.co
bn-cp-∂-Xv. fn¬\n∂v t\cn´v t_m[y-s∏-´p.
*** *** ***
.co
skeIvj≥ sjUyqƒ Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ tNmZy-t∏-∏¿ Xøm-dm-
°¬, sk‚¿ Xncn®v ]m°v sNø¬, aqey-\n¿Æbw XpS-ßnb Imcy- CXp-t]mse kwL-S-\-bpsS GXv ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw C.Fw km¿
ß-sfms° kmdm-bn-cp∂p \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂X - v. tIm˛-Hm-Un-t\-‰¿ F∂ HmSn-sb-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-km-\-ambn aPvenkv C≥Xn-km-_ns‚
da
\ne°v hfsc Npcp-ßnb Imcy-ßtf, AXpsIm-≠p-Xs - ∂, F\n°v apt∂m-Sn-bmbn s]cn-¥¬aÆ Fw.-C.F F©n-\n-bd - nwKv tImsf-Pn¬
sNtø-≠n-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. \S∂ "\mjvW¬ Imºkv tImfn'¬ hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-ambn At±lw
da
t_m¿Uv AwK-amb s{]m^. A–p¬ Peo-ens\ (tIm-´° - ¬) kwh-Zn-®Xv {Kq]v ssU\m-an-Ivkns\ Ipdn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS kzbw
Xøm-dm-bn-h∂ A©p-t]sc sh®v Hcp {Kq]v UnkvI-j≥ C.-F-
hu
C.Fw Xs∂ C‚¿hyq Xnø-Xn-bn-te°v G¿]m-Sm-°pw. tUm. F≥.-
F.Fw A_vZp¬ JmZn¿, imlp¬ laoZv ta¬ap-dn, Fkv.hn apl-Ω- Ωns‚bpw Peo¬ kmdns‚bpw kønZv B_nZv lpssk≥ Xß-fp-
hu
Z-en, tUm. hn. kpsse-am≥ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw t_m¿Un-ep-≠m-Ipw. ]cn- sSbpw t\Xr- X z- Ø n¬ \S- ∂ p. A∂- h nsS anI® {]I- S \w
N-bs - ∏-S¬ Ign™v Cw•o-jn¬X-s∂-bp≈ {Kq∏v UnkvIj - \pw Ign- ImgvNsh® hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ dwimZv Sn, apl-ΩZv KqU-√q¿, apCu-\p-
±o≥ Hma-®∏ - pg F∂o hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-Xs - ∂-bmWv Cu h¿jsØ
rul
bp-tºm-tg°p dm¶v enÃv Xøm-dm-Ipw. ]ns∂, t]gvkW - ¬ C‚¿hyq
Ign-bp-tºm-tg°p Hmtcm Ipń-sbbpw icn°pw a\-n-em-°m-\m-hpw. lb¿ FPp-t°j≥ t{]m{Kmw ske-Ivj≥ Inń-bXv F∂Xpw {it≤-
rul
b-am-Wv.
Ah-km\ _m®ns‚ C‚¿hyq C°gn™ s^{_p-hcn 28 \v *** *** ***
tImgn-t°mSv Ckvem-anIv sk‚-dn-emWv \S-∂-Xv. Cu h¿jw Fd-
da
Wm-Ip-fhpw tImgn-t°mSpw IqSmsX U¬ln-bnepw FgpØp]-co- Fkv.s- I.-Fk - v.F- k

- v.F^ns‚ kwÿm\ k¿K-eb - ß
- ƒ°v ae-
£°v tI{µ-sam-cp-°p-∂X - n\v C.-FΩ - ns‚ t{]m’m-l\w Bthm- ∏pdw Pn√m Soans\ sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ ]e-t∏mgpw ^mdqJv Cw•ojv
da
f-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aoUnbw kvIqfns‚ _kp-I-f-\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂Xv kmdns‚ {]tXyI
Xm¬]-cy-a\ - p-kc- n-®m-bn-cp-∂p. kwL-\b - psS _lp-ap-Jt- a-Je - I-fn¬
w.
Hmtcm C‚¿hyq-hnepw ]mh-s∏´ ho´p-Im-cmb hnZym¿-Yn-Isf {Inbm-fl-I-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb ]≤-Xn-Ifpw

]cn-Nb - s
- ∏-´m¬, C‚¿hyq Ign-™b - p-Ss\ t]mh-cp-sX∂pw ]pdØv
w.
At±lw D]-tZ-in-®n-cp-∂p. alm-\-h¿I-fpsS BI-kvan-I-amb acWw
a‰p- ≈ - h ¿ Adn- b msX ImØp- \ n¬°- W - s a∂pw \n¿t±- i n- ° pw. Zmdp¬ lpZm-s°-∂t- ]mse Fkv.s - I.-Fk - v.F
- k
- v.F
- ^
- n\pw hen-sbmcp
XpS¿∂v C‚¿hyq Ign™v hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ t]mb tijw hnfn®v
ww
\jvS-amWv hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
kwkm-cn-°pw. XpS¿]-T\ - Ø
- n\v kmº-ØnI klmbw th≠-h¿°,v
ww
kz¥w \º¿ \¬In _‘-s∏-Sm≥ ]d™v Ahsc hnSpw. [mcmfw
hnZym¿Yn-Isf DZm-ca - X- n-Is- f-s°m≠v kvt]m¨k¿ sNøn-®pw kz¥w
\ne-bn¬ klm-bn®pw \n»_vZ tkh\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p C.Fw.
*** *** ***
ùXnI hnZym-`ymk taJ-eb - n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Rß-sf-t∏m-
se-bp≈ Ffnb {]h¿Ø-I¿°v Ft∏mgpw Bthiw ]I-cp-∂-Xm-
bn-cp∂p C.-F-Ωns‚ emfn-Xyhpw ssien-bpw. Hcp-]-s£, At±lw
88 89
ùXnIw
v Iw
m
C.Fw Ct∏mgpw
Chn-sS-sb-hn-sStbm D≠v...
m
]n. Ahdp amÃ¿
.co
.co
C\n-bm-cmWv Pohn-X-Øn¬ Adn-bmsX h∂p-t]m-Ip∂ ]ni-Ip-
Ifpw ]mI-∏n-g-Ifpw Nq-≠n-°m-Wn®v Xncp-Øn-Ø-cn-I-sb-∂-XmWv
h√msX Ae-ń-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ {]iv\w. CXp-hsc C.-Fw. Hcp
da
D‰an{X-ambn IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bmsXmcp t]Snbpw D≠m-bn-cp-
da
∂n-√. AXns‚ Bh-iyhpw C√m-bn-cp-∂p. C.-Fw. km¿ Xs∂ aXn-
bm-bn-cp∂p F√m-‰n-\pw. B km∂n[yw hen-sbmcp kam-[m-\hpw
hu
a\-n-s\mcp Ipfn-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. B Iq´p-sI-´mWv Cu taJ-e-
bn¬Xs∂ C{Xbpw Imew Fs∂ ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂X - v.
hu
C.FΩns‚ al-Ø-c-amb Pohn-XsØ Fs∂-t∏mse A\p-`-hn-
°m≥ km[n-®-h¿ hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp]s£, At±-l-
rul
Øns‚ ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ°p t]mepw AXn-\p≈ Ah-kcw
rul
D≠mbn-cn-°m≥ CS-bn-√.
\o≠ \m¬∏-Øn-tbgv h¿j-ßf - psS _‘-amWv Rm\pw C.-
FΩpw XΩn-ep-≈X - v. GI-tZiw Ac \q‰m-≠ns‚ kvt\l _‘w.
da
h√m-sØmcp Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. A£-c-ßƒt°m hm°p-
da
Iƒt°m B PohnXw H∏n-sb-Sp-°pI km[y-a√ - .
*** *** ***
w.
]c-∏-\-ßmSn _n.-C.Fw sslkvIq-fn¬ sh®mWv Rß-fpsS
w.
_‘w Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p RßfpsS kvIqƒ
hnZym`ymkw. ]T\ ImeØv F√m \ne°pw H∂n-®p-Xs - ∂-bm-bn-cp-
ww
∂p. 1963 Pq¨ Bdn\v Rßƒ Ccp-hcpw Fkv.F - k- v.F

- ¬.kn ]mkm-
bn.
ww
*** *** ***
]n∂o-Sv, tImsf-Pn¬ t]mIp-∂X - n-s\-°p-dn-®mWv Rßƒ Nn¥n-
®-Xv. hnZym-`ymksa∂Xv In´m-°\ - n-bmb Ime-amWv. D]cn]T\ taJ-
e-If- n-te°v Bcpw-Xs∂ h∂n-cp-∂n-√. ]Ømw ¢mkv hsc ]Tn-°p-
∂-h¿Xs∂ \t∂ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Ømw ¢mkv Ign™v ho≠pw
]Tn-°m≥ t]mhp-Is - b-∂Xv hen-sbmcp kw`-ha - m-bn-´mWv As∂ms°
a\-n-em-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. ]Ømw ¢mkv Ign™v XpS¿]T-\-Øn\v
92 93
v Iw
t]mIp-∂-h¿°v \mSp-I-fn¬ h≥kzoI-cWw kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cp- hsc IrXyka-bs - Ø-gp-t∂‰v \n¿h-ln-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-≈h - s
- c√mw
∂-Xmbn A∂sØ Ah-ÿ-Isf Ifn-bm°n s]mXpsh ]d-b-s∏- InS-∂p-d-ßp∂ ka-b-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. B {]mb-Øn¬Xs∂ hfsc
Sm- d p- ≠ v . s]mXpNn¥- b n¬ A{X- a m{Xw AI- s e- b m- b n- c p∂p kq£va-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp `‡Pohn-X-amWv At±lw \bn-®-Xv.
As∂ms° ]Øp Ign-™p≈ hnZym-`ym-kw. Aß-s\-sbmcp Ime- sh≈ {Ukp-If - mWv A∂pw [cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. If¿ hkv{X-ßƒ Xosc
ØmWv Rßƒ XpS¿ ]T-\-Øn-\mbn t]mIp-∂-Xv. ^mdqJv tImsf- CjvS-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]m‚ vkpw [cn-®n-cp-∂n-√.
m
Pm-bn-cp∂p XpS¿]T-\-Øn-\mbn Xnc-s™-SpØ ÿm]-\w. A∂v ]T\cwKØv AXn-bmb {i≤-bm-bn-cp∂p. AtX-k-a-bw, a‰p-Nne-
Cu `mKØv hn{ip-Xa - mb GI hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\w.
m
sc-t∏mse ^pƒssSw ¢mkn-en-cp∂v ]Tn-°p-Itbm dqan¬ hmbn-®n-cn-
]Øv Ign-™m¬]ns∂ {]obq-Wn-th-gvkn-‰n-sb-s∂mcp ¢mkp- °p-Itbm sse{_-dn-bn¬ NS-™p-Iq-Sp-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp
.co
≠m-bn-cp∂p. B knÃw A\p-kc - n-®p≈ Ah-km\ _m®n-em-bn-cp∂p Imcyw tI´m¬ As√-¶n¬ hmbn-®m¬ AXv A∏Sn a\-n¬ ]Xn-
.co
Rßƒ. Rß-fpsS ]T-\-tØmsS B knÃhpw FSp-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp- ™p-t]m-Ipw. AXv Hcp{]m-h-iy-sa-¶nepw hmbn-t°≠Xp≠m-bn-cp-
≠m-bn. Fkv.F - k - v.F
- ¬.knbpw CXpw Ign-™m¬ am{Xta A∂v ∂n-√. A{X- Ipim{K_p≤nbm-bn-cp∂p. km[m-cW ¢mkp-I-fn¬
Un{Kn sNøm≥ ]‰p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-ambn kmdpsS Adn-hv.
da
^mdqJv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ hfsc ASpØSpØ dqap- ]s£, AXpXs∂ F√m-h-scbpw Ih-®p-sh-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]T-
I-fn-em-bn-cp∂p RßfpsS Xma-kw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ _‘w Hcp \-Øns‚bpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ C.-F-Ωns\ Ih-®p-sh-
da
\ne°pw apdn-™p-t]m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]c-kv]cw dqap-I-fn¬ t]mbn °m≥ A∂v Imº-kn¬ Bcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. hfsc efn-Xa - mbn
kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. ka-bØ - n\v h√mØ hne-bmWv am¿Iv kvtIm¿ sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ssien.
hu
At±lw I¬]n-®n-cp-∂X - v. shdpsX AXv ]mgm-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\mbn Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-Itbm NS™p-Iq-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂n-
hu
√. cm{Xn Dd-°sam-gn®v hmbn-°p-Itbm ]Tn-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ ]cn-
{]obq-Wn-th-gvkn-‰n°p tijw Rßƒ Un{Kn°p tN¿∂p. ]m-Sntb D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-sems° h√mØ IrXy-\n-jvTb - m-bn-
At±lw sIan-kv{Snbpw Rm≥ FIv-tWm-an-Ivkp-amWv skeIvSv
cp-∂p. cm{Xn Dd-°Øn\v {]tXyIw ka-ba - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F{X Xnc-
rul
sNbvX-Xv. sNdp∏w apXte kb≥kv hnj-b-ß-tfm-Sm-bn-cp∂p At±-

°p- ] n- S n® kµ¿`- a m- s W- ¶ nepw B ka- b Øv Xs∂ Dd- ß m≥
l-Øn\v Xm¬]-cyw. C°m-eØv Rßƒ temUvsP-SpØv H∂n-®mWv
rul
{]tXyIw {i≤]pe¿Øn.
Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂X - .v Iq´p Pohn-XØ - n¬ AUvPÃv sNøm\pw ]c-k] v cw
s]mdp-°m\pw At±-lØ - n\v \√-t]mse km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¥pw ]co-£-Iƒ ASp-Øp-h-cp∂ Imeßfn¬ Ipń-Iƒ s]mXpsh
da
hn´p-hogvN sNøm-\p≈ Hcp hnime a\n\p-Sa - . Un{Kn c≠p h¿jw apgp-ka - b ]T-\Ø- n-em-bn-cn°pw. cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Ah¿°v hyXym-
Aßs\ Ign-™p. Un{Kn ss^\-¬ Cbdn\v Rßƒ dqw amdn. k-ap-≠m-hn-√. F∂m¬, C.-Fw. kmdpsS IY AZv`p-XI - c
- a
- m-bn-cp-∂p.
da
HmtcmcpØcpw kz¥w dqapIsf-Sp-Øp. kwkm-chpw a‰pw Ipd®p. ]co-£I - ƒ henb kw`-ha - mbn ImWp-Itbm t]Sn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-
\∂mbn ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p e£yw. cp-∂n-√. ]Xnhp Dd°hpw DW¿®bpw. h√mØ Bflhnizm-kn.
w.
Peo¬ kmln-_m-bn-cp∂p A∂v ^mdqJv tImsfPv {]n≥kn-∏ƒ. \q¿ F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw, ]co£ Ign™v dnk¬´v hcp-tºmƒ ^Ãv
¢mkv At±-l-Øn-\p-Xs∂. anI® _p≤n-i-‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p Imc-Ww.
w.
apl-ΩZv km¿ At±-l-Øns‚ kmdpw.
]pd-sa, IrXy-\n-jvTbpw ka-b-t_m-[hpw.
*** *** ***
ww
*** *** ***

C.-F-Ωns‚ Imºkv PohnXw hnkva-bm-h-l-am-Wv. s]mXpsh
Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw C.-Fw. km¿ F√msa√m-am-bn-cp-
ww
Bfp-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ \akvImcw Ipd™ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Fs¥-
∂p. h√m-sØmcp hy‡n_‘-amWv Rßƒ°n-S-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-
¶nepw _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-tºmtgm {]iv\ß - ƒ apºn¬ ImWp-
Xv. B _‘w Aß-s\-Øs∂ tijn-°m≥ At±-lhpw Rm\pw
tºmtgm am{X-amWv ]ecpw \akvI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]co-£-Iƒ ASpØv
CjvSs - ∏-´p. cl-ky-ßƒ t]mepw ad-®p-sh-°mØ _‘-w. BtcmSpw
hcp-tºm-gm-bn-cp∂p Imº-kneXp IqSn hcp-I. B L´-Øn¬ ]≈n-
]¶p-sh-°mØ IpSpw_ cl-ky-ßƒhsc Ft∂mSv ]¶p-sh-°p-w.
Iƒ \nd™p Ihn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]co-£I - ƒ Ign-™m¬ ]≈n-Iƒ
]e-t∏mgpw At±-l-Øns‚ cl-ky-kq-£n-∏p-Im-c≥ Rm\m-bn-cp-∂p.
Imen-bm-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. C°m-eØv hfsc IrXy-X-tbmsS ^¿fv
lrZ-bw-sIm-≠p≈ kwkm-c-amWv Rßƒ XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
\akvIm-chpw kp∂Øv \akvIm-chpw \n¿h-ln-®n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-
A¿ins‚ XW¬ e`n-°p-∂h - c- psS Iq´-Øn¬ ]d-bs - ∏´ "Xlm∫m
cp∂p C.-Fw; H∂p t]mepw JfmAv B°n-bn-cp-∂n-√; kp_vln\p
^n√mln' (ssZ-h-am¿K-Øn¬ kvt\ln-®-h¿) bmbn-cp∂p icn°pw.
94 95
v Iw
Cu _‘w Aß-s\-Øs - ∂-bm-hm≥ Rßƒ \√-t]mse {i≤n-®n- cp-∂X- n-\m¬ A∂p-ap-X¬Xs∂ Rßƒ XΩn¬ ]e-hn-[Ø - n-ep≈
cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS ASp-Øn-S-]-g-I-en¬ Hcp A\m-hiy kwkmcw kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-I-fpap-≠m--bn-cp-∂p. kmºØn-I-ambn Rß-fpsS
t]mepw IS-∂p-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ft∏mgpw Imcy-£-a-amb N¿®-Ifpw c≠m-fpsS IpSpw-_hpw A{X tami-am-sbmcp Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-
aX-]-c-amb kwkm-c-ß-fp-amWv \S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ∂n-√. F¶nepw s]s´-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn ]c-kv]cw
icn°p ]d-™m¬ Fs‚ BflobKpcphpw DkvXm-Zp-am-bn-cp∂p ]Ww ISw hmßn-bn-cp-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ At±lw F∂n¬ \n∂v, a‰p
m
C.-Fw. ]e Imcy-ßf - nepw F\n°v ImgvN∏ - m-Sp-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂Xpw Nnet∏mƒ Rm≥ At±-lØ - n¬\n∂pw. tNmZn-®m¬ ssIbn-en-s√-
¶nepw \ap°v Bh-iy-amb ]Ww kabw Ign-bp-∂X - n-\p-apºv Fhn-
m
aXImcy-ßf - n¬ F\n°v IqSp-X¬ Adnhv \¬In-bn-cp-∂Xpw At±-
l-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNdp-∏-Øn¬ F\n°v IqSp-X-sem∂pw aX-]-c-ambn sS-\n-s∂-¶nepw H∏n®v FØn-®p-Xc - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-≈h- c- psS a\v
.co
]Tn-°m≥ km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. Cu t]mcm-ba v I - ƒ Rm≥ Xo¿Øn-cp-∂Xv hmbn-°m\pw Ah-cpsS thZ-\I - f
- n¬ ]¶p-tN-cm\pw AXoh X¬]-
c-\m-bn-cp∂ C.Fw AXn\v th≠n F¥v t¢i-ßƒ kln-°m\pw
.co
B kl-hm-kØ - n¬\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. F¥p I≠mepw Bflm¿∞-X-
tbmsS XncpØn ]d-™p-X-cpw. hni-Zo-I-cWw th≠n-SØv AXv Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. kplr-Øp-°-fpsS hnj-a-ßƒ t]mepw kz¥w
\¬Ipw. Ft∏mgpw aXm-[n-jvTn-X-amb, A√m-lp-hns\ t]Sn-bp≈ {]iv\-am-bmWv FSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ kmº-
da
Hcp Nn¥-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Øn-Ia - mbn ]e-scbpw klm-bn-°m≥ At±lw apt∂m´v h∂n-cp-∂p.
F√mhscbpw am\n-°m\pw AwKo-Ic - n-°m-\p-ap≈ Hcp hnime s]mXp-tk-h\w F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse
da
a\-p-≠m-bn-cp∂p C.-FΩ - n-\v. Nne ka-bØv Hcp ]nXm-hns\ t]mse- {][m-\-am-sbmcp hiw. ]≠v kz¥-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kvIq´¿ AXn-
bmWv Fs∂ I≠n- c p- ∂ - X v . At∏mƒ Rm≥ ]d- b p- ∂ - s X√mw \p-th≠n am{X-amWv At±lw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
hu
tIƒ°pw. Hcp Ipń-sb-t∏mse Fs∂ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp- *** *** ***
hu
w. Hcp FXn-c-`n-{]mbw t]mepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-√. Nne kabw Hcp ]n.Pn. Ign-™p-h-∂-tXmsS C.-Fw. km¿ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H.-bn¬
tPyjvT-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv Fs∂ ImWpI. ]e-Xnepw Ft∂mSv N¿® eIvNd- mbn Ib-dn. _n.FUv Ign-™t- XmsS Rm≥ \ne-ºq¿ kvIqƒ
rul
\S-Øp-Ibpw A`n-{]mbw Bcm-bp-Ibpw sNøp-w. Nne L´-ß-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbpw t]mbn.
Hcp hnZym¿Yn-bm-bn-´mWv Fs∂ I≠-Xv. At∏mƒ, Imcy-ßs - f√mw
rul
C.-F-Ωns‚ hchv ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-Hmsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
bYm-tbmKyw F\n°v ]d-™p-Xc - p-w. Fs‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n¬ h√
]pXn-sbmcp bpK-Øns‚ Bcw-`-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂phsc AhnsS
]mI-∏n-gI -- fpw kw`-hn-®m¬ AXv Xncp-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Nne Imcy-
h∂n-cp∂ A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂p Xo¿Øpw hyXn-cn-‡-\m-bn-cp∂p
da
ßƒ sNøp-tºmƒ "\o sNbvXXv icn-bm-bn√; AXv Cß-s\-bmWv

At±-lw; kz`m-hw-sIm≠pw A[ym-]-\w-sIm-≠pw.
sNtø-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv' F∂v ]d-bp-w. Hcp henb a\p-jy-\m-bn-´p-IqSn
da
Xs‚ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ lrZbw Xpd∂v Dƒs°m-≈m-\p≈ C.-F- t\Xr]Zhn H´pw B{K- l n- ° mØ Bfm- b n- c p∂psh¶nepw
Ωns‚ Ignhpw a\pw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. FhnsS t]mbmepw Xs‚ {]h¿Ø\hpw kma¿Yyhpw t\Xr-Xzhpw
w.
AwKo-Im-chpw At±-lØ - n-te°v h∂p-tN-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ÿm]-

As∂ms° ]ecpw saUn-kn\v t]mIm-\mWv CjvS-s∏-ń-cp-∂-
\-Øn-se-Øn-bm¬ AhnsS t\Xm-hm-°m≥ G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-
w.
Xv. AXn\v ko‰v e`n-°m-\mbn Ah¿ ]c-am-h[n {ian-°pw. F∂m¬,
\mb \ne°v, Hcp kap-∂X AwKo-Im-cm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v At±lw
kmdn\v CXn¬ Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A∂pXs∂ saUn-kn\v
kzbw Db¿∂p-hc - pw. Xs‚ Bflm¿YX-bn-eq-∂n-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\w-
ww
t]mIm≥ ko‰v Inń-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw AXv Hgn-hm-°p-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-

sIm≠v am{X-am-bn-cp∂p CXv.
b-Xv. sIan-kv{Sn-bn¬ ]T\w XpS-cm-\m-bn-cp∂p B{K-lw.
ww
{]Xy-£-Øn¬ im¥-\m-sW-¶nepw I¿a-cw-KØv Du¿÷kze-
^mdqJv tImsf-Pn¬\n∂p _n.-Fk - k
v n Ign-™t- ∏mƒ At±lw
\m-bn-cp∂p. Uyqń \n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ XnI™ a\pw Bflm¿Y-
Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pm-kn-te°v t]mbn. Rm≥ _n.-FU - n\pw t]mbn.
Xbpw ssZh-t_m-[-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Imº-kn-se-Øn-bm¬,
A∂mWv Rßƒ `mKn-I-ambn th¿]n-cn-bp-∂-Xv. ]t£, At∏mgpw
Bsc t\Xm-hm-°Ww F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v F√m-hcpw Htc i_vZ-
Rßƒ B _‘w AW-bmsX kq£n-®p. t^mWpw a‰pw C√mØ
Øn¬ C.Fw F∂v ]d-bp∂ Hcp Ah-ÿb - n-te°v At±lw hf-¿-
Ime-am-bX- n-\m¬ IØ-b° - p-Itbm CS-°nsS t\cn¬sN∂v ImWp-
∂p. Fhn-sSbpw Hcmƒ°p-t]mepw At±-lt- ØmSv FXn¿t∏m hntbm-
Itbm sNøpw.
Pnt∏m D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]n.-Fk - v.F - w.-H.-bn-sebpw Ahÿ CXp-
]W-Øn\pw km[-\-ßƒ°pw h√mØ £ma-ap≈ Ime-am-bn- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
96 97
v Iw
tImsf-Pn¬ FØn-bt- XmsS km¿ Gsd P\-Io-b\ - mbn. hfsc I-fmWv C.Fw ]n¥p-S¿∂-cp-∂-Xv. F√m-‰nepw {]tXyIw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-
Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠p-Xs∂ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw hnZym¿Yn- Ifpw coXnI-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
I-fp-sSbpw {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰n. hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ A°m-eØv ko\n-tbm-cn-‰n-sIm≠pw {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒsIm≠pw
kmdm-bn amdn. Ah¿°v s]mXpsh BZ-ct- hm-sS-bp≈ Hcp-Xcw òXn- ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H {]n≥kn-∏ƒ ÿm\w At±-l-Øn\v htc-≠-Xm-bn-cp-
bm-bn-cp∂p kmtdmSv. ÿm]-\Ø - n¬ Xs∂ Ah¿°v G‰hpw am\- ∂p. AXn-\p≈ Ah-kc - ß
- ƒ Hcp-ßp-Ibpw N¿®-Iƒ \S-°p-Ibpw
m
kn-I-amb ASp-∏hpw kvt\lhpw BZ-chpw kmtdm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Bcp-sSsbm°tbm CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ ImcWw
m
km[m-cW tImsf-Pp-If - n¬ kz¥w Un∏m¿´vsa‚nse A[ym-]- B Ah-kcw hgnamdn t]mhp-I-bm-Wp≠mb-Xv.
I-sc-bmWv hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Adn-™n-cp-∂X - v. A[ym-]I - ¿°pw kz¥w C.Fw km¿ {]n≥kn-∏f - m-hp-∂p F-s∂mcp hm¿Ø Imº-kn¬
.co
Un∏m¿´vsa‚nse ]Tn-Xm°tfm-SmWv _‘w D≠m-IpI. F∂m¬, {]N-cn-®t- ∏mƒ I®-dbpw H®-∏m-Sp-ambn \S-∂n-cp∂ hnZym¿Yn-Is - f√mw
.co
C.Fw kmdn\v an° Un∏m¿´vsa‚pI-fnse hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-ambpw Gsd òXn-tbm-sS-bmWv C°mcyw {ihn®-X.v Imc-Ww, A∂v ÿm]-
_‘w D≠mbn-cp-∂p. Hgn-™n-cn-°p∂ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ km¿ Ib-dn- \-Øn¬Xs∂ Gsd _lp-am\hpw AXn-e-∏pdw BZ-c-hn-e-[n-jvTn-X-
s®∂v Ah-tcmSv a\ximkv{X-]cambn kwkm-cn-°pw. D]-cn-]T - \- sØ amb Hcp Xcw `bhpw \nd™ A[ym-]-I≥ C.Fw am{X-am-bn-cp-
da
kw_-‘n®v {]tXyIw ImgvN∏ - m-Sp-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw t{]m’m-l\w ∂p. At±-l-Øn\v apºn¬ bmsXmcp Xń∏pw hne-t∏m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-
]I-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. GXp hnZym¿Yn-bp-sSbpw tXmfn¬ ssIsh®v √. A[m¿anI Pohn-XØ - n-\v Ah-kcw sImSp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Imº-
da
Ah-cpsS ho´p-Im-cy-ßƒ At\z-jn-°p-w. at\m-hnj-a-ßƒ tNmZn- kns\ ]cn-]q¿W A®-S-°-tØmsS `cn-°p∂ Hcp ssien-bmWv
®-dn-bpw. Aßs\ Ahsc Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°p-w. hfsc Npcp- At±lw ]n¥p-S¿∂-Xv. AXpsIm-≠p-X-s∂, C.Fw km¿ {]n≥kn-∏-
hu
ßnb Imew sIm≠v Xs∂ km¿ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H.bn¬ Hcp Xcw-K- fm-bm¬ CsXmcp sslkvIq-fp-t]m-se Bbn amdp-sa∂pw Hcp tImsf-
hu
ambn amdp-∂Xv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. hnZym¿Yn-Isf apJw t\m°n Xncn-®- Pns‚ kzmX{¥yw \ap°v e`n-°n-s√∂pw AXn-\m¬ \ap°v tImsfPv
-dn-bm\pw Ah-cpsS a\kv hmbn-°m-\p-ap≈ Hcp {]tXyI kn≤n amdn t]mI-W-sa∂pw Xam-i-bmbn IpkrXn°pń-Iƒ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-
C.-F-Ωn¬ ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p.
rul
∂p. hnZym¿Yn-If - psSbpw ÿm]-\Ø - n-s‚bpw A®-S° Imcy-Øn¬
]n.-Fk- v.F
- w.-H.bn¬ ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Imew. A∂-hnsS A{X-am{Xw Imcy-£-aX ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.
rul
tamWnwKv _m®v, Cuh-\nwKv _m®v F∂n-ßs\ c≠v jn^v‰m-bn-´mWv GI-tZiw Ccp-]-Øn-bmdv h¿jw km¿ AhnsS A[ym-]-\-
¢mkp- I ƒ \S- ∂ n- c p- ∂ - X v . \∂mbn ]Tn- ° p∂ BÏpńIfpw hrØn A\p-jvTn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse hfsc {][m-\-
da
s]Ïp-ń-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p tamWnwKv _m®n¬. ]T-\-Øn¬ ]n∂n¬ s∏´ Hcp Ime-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. aX kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-
\n¬°p∂ BÏpń-Iƒ Cuh-\nwKv _m®n-epw. Fs‚-sbmcp _‘p e-Ifn¬ IØn-÷z-en®p \n∂p At±lw A°m-eØ - v. aX-Øn-eq-∂n-
da
A∂v AhnsS ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. ]T-\Ø - n¬ A¬]w ]n∂n-em-bX - n-\m¬ bp≈ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\a - m-bn-cp∂p G‰hpw CjvSs - ∏´ am¿Kw.
Cuh-\nwKv _m®n-emWv Ah≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ahs\ tamWnwKv
w.
A∂sØ Ncn-{X-hn-`mKw Xe-h≥ Iam¬ ]mj At±-lØ - ns‚

_m®n-te°v am‰-Ws - a∂v Hcp B{K-la - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-sbmcp ASpØ kplr-Øp-°-fn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ÿm]-\-Øns‚ [m¿an-
w.
Znhkw Rm≥ Ah-\p-ambn ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-Hm-bn¬ sN∂p. C.F-Ωns\ I-Xsb ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂X - p-ambn _‘-s∏´v Ah¿ ]e ]≤-Xn-
I≠p. Ch≥ ]T-\Ø - n¬ Ipg-∏a - n-s√∂pw amdm≥ B{K-la - p-s≠∂pw Ifpw \S-∏m-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
Rm≥ ]d-™p-t\m-°n. ]s£, apºn-eq-sS-bp≈ Ipń-bpsS A®-S-

°-an-√mØ \SØw ho£n®v C.Fw H‰-bS- n°v Xs∂ Ahs‚ ]T-\- *** *** ***
ww
Ønse {i≤-bn-√mbva Xpd∂v ]d-™p. BcpsS apºnepw F¥pw sedative, stimulant F∂n-ßs\ thW-sa-¶n¬ F‰hpw Npcp-
Fß-s\bpw ]d-bm-\p≈ N¶q‰w At±-lØ - n\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ßnb \ne°v \ap°v B henb a\p-jys\ \n¿h-Nn-°mw. GsXm-
A∂v Fs‚ a°ƒ ]Tn-®n-cp-∂Xn-\m¬ CS-°nsS Rm≥ AhnsS cm-sfbpw hfsc thK-Øn¬ DtØ-P\w \¬In hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-
kµ¿in-°pw. sN∂m¬ C.-FΩ - n-t\m-SmWv IqSp-Xe - pw kwkm-cn-®n-cp- h-cm\pw Bscbpw hiy-amb kwkm-cØ - n-eqsS ab-°n-sb-Sp-°m\pw
∂-Xv. At±l-Øn-eqsS A∂sØ sIankv{Sn hn`m-K-Ønse F√m Ign-hp≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. B ¢mkp-Ifpw {]kw-K-ßfpw
A[ym-]-Icpw Fs‚ ASpØ kplr-Øp-°-fmbn amdn-. A{X-am{Xw kpµ-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp henb {]`m-j-It\m kwkmc
{]nbt\m Bbn-cp-∂n√. ]s£, At±-lØ - ns‚ ¢mkp-Iƒ tI´m¬
]T-\Ø- ns‚bpw A®-S° - Ø - ns‚bpw hyh-ÿm-]n-Xa - mb ssien- B¿°pw Fgp-t∂‰v t]mIm≥ tXm∂p-Ibp-an-√.
98 99
v Iw
*** *** *** ÿm-]nXssienbpw At±lw t\c-sØ-Øs∂ a\-n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-
Rm≥ ]d-∏q¿ Cim-AØ - p¬ Ckvemw sslkvIq-fn¬ {]h¿Øn- Øn-sh-®n-cp-∂p. At±-lw-X-s∂-bmbn Cu ]≤Xn-bpsS F√m-sa-√mw.
°p∂ ka-bØv ]e Imcy-ßfpw kwkm-cn-°m\pw N¿® sNøm\pw Rßƒ ]e XhW tbmKw tNcp-Ibpw ]cn-]q¿W-am-sbmcp
t]mbn-cp-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ ASp-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw kap-Zm-b- Bi-b-Øn¬ sNs∂-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hfsc henb {]Xo-£-
Øns‚ ùXnI hnZym-`ym-ks - Ø°p-dn-®m-bn-cp∂p ]e-t∏mgpw Rß- tbmsSbpw B{K-l-tØmsSbpambn-cp∂p At±lw A∂v {]h¿Øn-
m
fpsS N¿®-Iƒ. ®n-cp-∂-Xv.
m
C.Fw km¿ Cu hnj-bI - a- mbn Ime-ßf - m-bn-Øs∂ Bg-Øn¬ Xma-kn-bmsX Rßƒ A∂sØ FS-cn-t°mSv ]©m-bØv {]kn-
Nn¥n-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. A\-h[n {]m-tbm-KnI ssien-Ifpw kz]v\- U‚ v C_vdmlow lmPn-bp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. Aßs\ 1982 ¬ Hcp
.co
ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ a\-kn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mhs∏´ IpSpw-_- \gvkdn kvIqƒ XpS-ßn. 32 Ipń-Isf sh®m-bn-cp∂p {]mcw`w. ]d-
.co
ß-fn¬\n∂pw ssZ\y-X-Iƒ \nd™ ho´p-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ∏q-cnse Nne bphm-°-fm-bn-cp∂p A∂v CXn-\mbn {]h¿-Øn-®n-cp-
hcp∂ hnZym¿Yn- ˛ - h n- Z ym¿Yn- \ n- I sf kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw ∂-Xv. Rm≥ IΩn‰n sNb¿am\pw C.Fw sk{I-´-dn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p.
Kh¨sa‚ v kvIqfp-I-fnepw tImsf-Pp-I-fnepw ]Tn-°p-I-sb-∂Xpw 1984 ¬ ^mdqJv FPyp-t°-jW - ¬ skmssk-‰n F - ∂ t]cn¬
da
{]th-i\w e`n-°p-Is - b-∂Xpw hfsc {]bm-ka - p≈ ka-ba - m-bn-cp∂p CXv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp. 1986 ¬ N¶p-sh-ń-bn¬ ÿew hmßn.
AXv. AXn-\m¬ apkvenwIpń-Iƒ hnZym-`ymk cwKØv ]n∂m°w
da
ÿm]\w Atßm´v am‰n. AtXmsS AXns‚ hnIm-k˛- ] - p-tcm-Ka
- \
\n¬°p∂ Hcp Zb-\ob ImgvN-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn{Xw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n. C_vdmlow lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p
hu
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H.bn-em-bn-cp-∂-XpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ CXns‚ ssZ\y-ap- BZy-Ime {]kn-U‚ v. At±-lØ - ns‚ tkh\X¬]-cX - bpw Zo¿L-
J-ßƒ C.Fw kmdn\v icn°pw a\-n-em-bn. hfsc Kuc-h-am-bn- ho-£W - hpw ÿm]-\Ø - n\v Gsd D]-Imcw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
hu
Øs∂ CXn-s\mcp ]cn--lm-c-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-. ]e-cp-ambpw ^mdqJv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv XpS-ßnb Rß-fp-sS
kwkm-cn-®p. Nn¥-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Cß-s\-sbmcp ÿm]-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn
rul
Cw•ojv aoUn-bß - ƒ Xe-s]m-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ CXn\pw ^mdqJv F∂v \ma-
rul
AXv. {InkvXy≥ amt\-Pvsa‚pIƒ°v Io-gn¬ ]e ÿm]-\-ßfpw I-cWw sNbvXp.
]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw h∂p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p; apkvenw amt\-Pv-sa‚pIƒ°v ÿm]\w GI-tZiw {Sm°n¬ Ib-dn-bt- XmsS \S-Øn-s°m-≠p-
Iogn¬ A[n-Is - am∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. At∏m-gmWv Aß-s\-sbmcp t]m-Im\pw `mhn-sb-°p-dn®v Imcy-£-a-ambn Nn¥n-°m\pw Hcm-fpsS
da
ÿm]-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ {]k-‡-am-b-Xv. apgp-k-ab tkh\w Bh-iy-ambn. Rm≥ ]d-∏q¿ kvIqfnepw C.Fw
da
Rm≥ A∂v ]d-∏q¿ Cim-AØ - p¬ Ckvemw sslkvI - qƒ Xe- km¿ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bcv AXn\v Xøm-dm-
h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. B \mSn-s\-°p-dn®pw ]cn-kc - ß- s - f-°p-dn®pw icnbmb Ip-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p {]iv\w. ]s£, Aß-s\-sbmcp {]iv\w DZn-®-
w.
Hcp ImgvN∏ - mSv F\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-sbmcp Cw•ojv aoUnbw tX-bn√. F√m-‰n\pw apºn¬ \S∂ C.Fw km¿Xs∂ AXn\v Xøm-
\gvkdn XpS-ßp-∂X - n-s\-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-®p. Nne-tcm-sSs° kwkm- dm-bn. At±-lØ - ns‚ Bflm¿Y-Xb - m-bn-cp∂p ÿm]-\Ø - ns‚ Hmtcm
w.
cn-s®-¶nepw AXn-s\mcp {]tXyI cq]w Xøm-dm-bn-√. kvIqƒ IΩn‰n Nph-Sp-If - pw. At±-lw- Cdßn ]pd-s∏-´m¬ am{Xta F√mw Imcy-£-
AXns‚ \S-Øn∏v Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bX - p-an-√. a-ambn \S-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
ww
Aß-s\-bn-cn-s°-bmWv Rm≥ D‰kplr-Ømb C.-F-Ωp-ambn HSp-hn¬ F√mw hnNm-cn-®t- ]m-sebpw B{K-ln-®t- ]m-sebpw kw`-
ww
C°mcyw kwkm-cn-°p-∂X - .v Ime-ßf - mbn At±-lhpw CtX Btem- hn-®p. C.-Fw. km¿ ÿm]-\Ø - n\v th≠n apgpkab {]h¿Ø-I-
N\bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ""hfsc \√ Imcyw. Ime-ß-fmbn Rm\pw AXn- \mbn Hgn-™n-cn-°m≥ kzbw Xm¬]-cy-tØmsS apt∂m-´p-h∂ - p. AXn-
s\-°p-dn-®mWv Nn¥n-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv. {]mh¿Øn-I-am-bn-√. C\n \ap°v \mbn, aq∂v h¿jw _m°n \n¬s°-Øs∂ ]n.-Fk - v.F - w.H tImsf-
Imcy-£a - a
- m-bn-Øs∂ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°mw...'' CXm-bn-cp∂p Pn¬\n∂p thmf‚dn dn´-b¿sa‚ v hmßn ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. AtXmsS
At±-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-I-c-Ww. N¶p-sh-ń-bnse ÿm]\w Db-cß - f- n-te°v ]d-∂p-bc- p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p.
F\n°v e`n® G‰hpw henb AwKo-Im-chpw t{]m’m-l-\- tIhew Hcp \gvkdn kvIqfn¬\n∂p XpS-ßnb ÿm]\w C∂v
hp-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. C.-Fw IqSn IS-∂p-h-∂-tXmsS Cusbmcp ^mdqJv {]o ss{]adn kvIqƒ, Cw•ojv aoUnbw F¬.]n-˛-bp.]n
kz]v\w hen-sbmcp Nn¥-bmbn amdn. hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏mSpw hyh- kvIqƒ, Cw•ojv aoUnbw sslkvIqƒ, lb¿ sk°-≠dn kvIqƒ,
100 101
v Iw
B¿Svkv B‚ v kb≥kv tImsf-Pv, So®¿ ss{S\nwKv C≥kv‰n-‰yq-´v, l- Ø ns‚ Xm¬]- c yw. Bsc- ¶ nepw l÷n\v t]mhp- I - b m- s W-
_n.- F Uv tImsfPv F∂n- ß s\ hf¿∂p ]¥- e n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. ¶n¬hsc C°mcyw {]m¿Yn-°m\mWv Bh-iy-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.
Cusbmcp hf¿®-°p-]n-∂n¬ C.Fw km¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ch°p *** *** ***
]pdsa [mcmfw ]pXnb kz]v\-ßfpw At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Fs∂ aXÿm]-\-ßfpambpw aXkwcw-`-ß-fp-ambpw _‘-
Hcp saUn-°¬ tImsfPv hsc At±lw Zo¿L-ho-£Ww sNbvXp. s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv C.Fw kmdm-Wv. Rm≥ sNΩmSv Zmdp¬ lpZm-
m
*** *** *** bpsS IΩn-‰n-bn¬ hcm≥ Imc-Whpw At±lw Xs∂. ]e-t∏mgpw
m
Hcp A[ym-]-I-s\∂ \ne°v Xo¿Øpw a\ximkv{X-]-c-amb Hcp Imdn-em-bn-cp∂p Rm\pw C.-FΩpw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ IΩn‰n
s]cp-am‰ coXn-bmWv C.-F-Ωn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ipń-Isf kvt\ln®v tbmKØns\-Øn-bn-cp-∂X - v. _m∏pń lmPnbpambpw sFZ-dqkv DkvXm-
.co
Iog-S°
- p-Is- b-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p ssien. A®-S° - a- n-√m-bav °v \√-t]mse Zp-ambpw \√ _‘-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
.co
in£n-®n-cp-∂p. in£ e`n-°m-Ø-]£w Ipń tami-am-bm¬ Rm≥ Fs∂ knPnbpambn ASp-∏n®Xpw At±lw Xs∂. Rm≥
A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv adp-]Sn ]d-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa-∂ \ne-]m-Sm-bn-cp∂p. t]mepw Adn-bm-sX-bmWv At±-l-sas∂ knPn ae-∏pdw Pn√m {]kn-
F¥nepw ssZh`‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lsØ apt∂m´v \bn-®n-cp-∂- U‚mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂X - v. tijw Fs∂ hnhcw Adn-bn-°p-I-
da
Xv. bm-bn-cp-∂p.
*** *** ***
da
kvIqfn-ep≈ Hmtcm Ipń-sbbpw Ahs‚ c£n-Xm-hn-s\bpw
Hm¿an-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂p C.-F-Ωn-\v. Hmtcmcp-Ø-sc-°p- ÿm]-\Ø - n\v t\cn-tS≠nh∂ F√m {]Xn-k‘n L´-ßf - nepw
hu
dn®pw hy‡n-]-c-amb hnh-c-ßƒ At±-l-Øn\v Adn-bpw. c£n-Xm- ssÿcy-˛ ss[cy-tØmsS Dd-®p-\n¬°m-\p≈ IcpØv At±-lØ - n\v
hns\ I≠m¬ Ipń-sbbpw Ipńsb I≠m¬ c£n-Xm-hn-s\bpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-≈h - s
- c√mw Zp¿_e NnØ-cmbn amdp-tºmgpw At±-
hu
a\-n-em-°m≥ Ignbpw. l-amWv As∂√mw Bflm¿YX-tbmsS Dd-®p-\n∂-X.v
B¿Svkv B‚ v kb≥kv tImsfPv {]n≥kn-∏ƒ, sslkvIqƒ ÿm]-\sØ Gsd ZpxJn∏n® kw`-ha - m-bn-cp∂p, Ipd®v h¿j-
rul
{]n≥kn-∏ƒ, lb¿ sk°-≠dn {]n≥kn-∏ƒ F∂o \ne-If - n-se√mw ßƒ°p-apºv kvIqƒ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS hnt\m-Z-bm-{X°n-S-bn¬ Hcp
rul
At±lw AhnsS {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. Ipń sh≈-Øn¬ t]mb kw`-hw. A∂v, \m\m-`m-KØ - p-\n∂pw i‡-
]e-t∏mgpw Imcy-ßs - f√mw icn°v Nn¥n-®m-Wv tbmK-ßf - n-se√mw amb {]Xn-tj-[-ßƒ Db¿∂p-h-∂-t∏mgpw Bfp-Isf kam-iz-kn-∏n-
kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂X - v. hrYm N¿®-Iƒ \o≠v Xocp-am-\Ø - n-se-ØmsX ®p-sIm≠v Dd® Nph-Sp-I-tfmsS ]X-dmsX \n∂ GIhy‡n At±-
da
t]mIp-tºmƒ hfsc bp‡n-tbm-sSØs∂ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p- l-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v Ipńsb In´p-∂Xv hsc At±lw Ahn-sS-Øs∂
da
Ibpw Ah \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Hcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øm¬ Dd-®p-\n-∂Xv Gsd {i≤n-°s - ∏-ń-cp-∂p.
AXv \S-∏m-°pIsb∂ Dd® ssien-bmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. *** *** ***
w.
lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I-\m-Ip-tºm-gmWv At±-l- s]mXpsh bm{Xm {]nb-\m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. ]e Zo¿L bm{X-
Øn\v sslkv I q- f n¬ A[ym- ] - I \mIm≥ B{K- a p- ≠ m- I p- ∂ - X v . Ifpw At±lw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
w.
A°mcyw Ft∂mSv ]d- b p- I bpw sNbv X p. ]Ømw ¢mkn¬ ac-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ Ipd®p Znhkw apºv Hcp Rmb-dmgvN
ww
sIankv { Sn ]Tn- ∏ n- ° m- \ p≈ Xm¬]cyw sIm≠m- b n- c p∂p CXv . At±lw IpSpw_ktaXw Hcp Sq¿ kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
Aßs\ At±lw sslkv I qƒ {]n≥kn- ∏ - f mbn amdn. ]Ømw *** *** ***
ww
¢mkn¬ sIankv{Sn ¢mkpw XpS-ßn. F√m hnZym¿Yn-Is - fbpw Hcp h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS Un{Kn A^n-en-tb-j\ - p-
dqan¬ hnfn®p tN¿Øm-bn-cp∂p ¢mkv. ]e-t∏mgpw D®°v c≠v apX¬ ambn _‘-s∏´v C.Fw kmtdm-sSm∏w Hcp bm{X sNøm≥ Ah-kc - -
\mev hsc \o≠v \n¬°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p ¢mkv, ssa°v D]-tbm-Kn-®.v ap-≠m-bn. sslZ-cm-_mZv Dkvam-\nb bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n, AeoKVv
*** *** *** apkvenw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n XpS-ßnb bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-If - n-te-°m-bn-cp∂p
ao‰nw-Kp-I-fnse√mw IΩn-‰n-°n-S-bnse sFIyw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂- bm{X. _lm-D-±o≥ \Zvhn Iqcn-bmSpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Dkvam-
Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp∂p km¿ kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. Imc-Ww, ÿm]-\- \nbm kµ¿i\w Ign-™-t∏mƒ Hcp _‘p-hns‚ tcmK-hp-ambn
Øns‚ IΩn-‰n-bn¬ F√m hn`mKw Bfp-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv _‘-s∏´p hoń¬\n∂p tImƒ h∂p. AtXmsS Rm≥ aS-ßn-.
s]m´msX, ]mfmsX ImØpkwc-£n-°s - ∏-SW
- s - a-∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-
102 103
v Iw
tijw, C.Fw kmdpw Iqcn-bmSpw Aeo-K-Vn-te°v t]mbn. Rm≥ Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≈-Xn¬ G‰hpw \s√mcp hy‡n-Xzam-bn-cp∂p
hoń-se-Øn-b-t∏m-gmWv sFZ-dqkv apkven-bmcpsS acWw kw`-hn- At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xv.
°p-∂X - v. At∏mƒ C.Fw km¿ Aeo-KV - n-em-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hoSp-ambn _‘-s∏-´Xpw kz¥-am-bp-≈X - p-amb F√m cl-
*** *** *** ky-ßfpw Ft∂mSp am{X-amWv ]d-™n-cp-∂X - v.
C.-F-Ωn-t\m-sSm∏w ]e sNdnb sNdnb bm{X-I-fnepw Rm≥ Hcp lrZvt- cmKnbn-cp∂p At±-lw. Hcn-°¬ Rm\pw At±-lh - p-
m
Iq´m-fnbmbn t]mbn-´p-≠v. bm{X-I-fmbncp∂p At±-l-sØ ]Tn- w tImgn-t°mSv saUn-°¬ tImsf-Pnse Im¿Un-tbm-f-Pn-Ãns\
m
°m\pw At±-lØ - n¬\n∂v Imcy-ßƒ a\-n-em-°m\pw ]‰nb ka- ImWm≥ t]mbn-. tcmKw i‡-am-sW∂pw \√-t]mse kq£n-°W - -
b-ßƒ. s]mXpsh hnZym-`ymk kw_-‘hpw aX]c-hp-amb N¿®- sa∂pw tUmIvS¿ A∂v ]d-™n-cp-∂p. As√-¶n¬, ikv{X-{Inb Bh-
.co
I-fmWv bm{X-If - n¬ \S-∂n-cp-∂X - v. iy-am-Ip-sa∂pw Adn-bn-®n-cp-∂p. CsX√mw Ft∂mSv am{X-amWv Xpd∂v
.co
*** *** *** ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv.
*** *** ***
{]Xy-£-Øn¬ im¥-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Du¿÷-kz-e-amb
Hcp a\-ns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. hfsc ASp-°p-∂-h¿°v Hcn-°¬ Fs‚ samss_-en¬ Adn-bmsX Hcp ]m´v dnwKv
da
am{Xta At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\k÷-amb a\v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ tSmWmbn Ib-dn-°q-Sn. hoń¬\n∂p Ipń-I-fmtcm Ifn-®-t∏m-gmWv
da
km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXv h∂p-t]m-b-Xv.
hfsc hiy-am-bn-cp∂p kwkm-chpw ¢mkp-I-fpw. HXp-ßnb AXn\v tijw ]ecpw Fs∂ t^mWn¬ hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. kwkm-
hu
im¥-amb kZ-p-I-fn¬ At±lw Xam-i-Iƒ ]d-bm-\pw kabw cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]s£, Hcm-fpw-Xs∂ B ]mń-s\-°p-
dn®v kqNn-∏n-°p-It- ]mepw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√.
hu
ImWpw.
*** *** *** Bbn-sS-bmWv C.Fw km¿ Fs∂ hnfn-°p-∂X - v. hnfn® Imcyw
]d-bp-∂X - n\v apºv Xs∂ At±lw Ft∂mSv ]d-™Xv B ]mń-s\-
rul
Imº- k nse Hcp AXv ` pX km∂n- [ y- a m- b n- c p∂p C.- F w.
AXncmhn- s e- Ø s∂ kv I qfn- s e- Ø p- w . ]e Znh- k - ß - f nepw °p-dn-®m-Wv. \Ω-sf-t]m-se-bp-≈-h¿s°m∂pw tbmPn®X√ Cu
rul
BZysaØp∂Xv At±-l-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬\n∂p N¶p-sh- ]ms´∂pw AXn-\m¬ CXv am‰p-∂X - mbn-cn°pw DNn-Xs - a∂pw At±lw
ń-hsc _kn¬ h∂v Ahn-sS-\n∂p ]e-t∏mgpw Hmt´m-bn-emWv Imº- Xpd∂p ]d-™p.
*** *** ***
da
kn-te°v hcnI.
C.Fw Imº-kn-se-Øn-bm¬ s]s´∂v a\-n-em-°m≥ km[n-°p- acn-°p∂Xns‚ sXm´pap-ºsØ Znh-khpw ]Xnhv t]mse
da
w. At±lw Imev IptØ≠ Xmakw, Imºkn\v Hcp {]tXyI At±lw kvIqfn¬ h-∂p. 24 \v \S-°p∂ A[ym-]I ss{S\nw-Kn-s\-
im¥X ssIh-cpw. ]ns∂, i_vZ tImem-le - ß- tfm _l-ftam D≠m- °p-dn-®m-Wv A∂v Ft∂mSv IqSp-Xe - mbpw kwkm-cn-®X - v.
w.
In-√. F√mw icn°pw \n»_vZa - m-Ipw. Fs¥-¶nepw Zo¿Lbm{X-Iƒ sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ bm{X°v
w.
Imºkpw ¢mkp-Ifpw ]cn-k-c-ß-fp-sa√mw t\cn-´p-Xs∂ \S- apºv km[m-cW Ft∂mSv ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. e£yÿm\Øv
∂p-ho-£n-°pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. F√mw t\cn´v a\-n-em-°pIsb∂- FØnb tijta Fs∂ hnfn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Cu Ah-km\
ww
Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-hv. bm{X-bnepw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bm{X t]mIp∂ hnhcw

Ft∂mSv ]d-™n-cp-∂n-√.
ww
*** *** ***
*** *** ***
Xß-∑m-tcmSpw ]fin-X-∑m-tcmSpw {]tXyIw BZ-chpw _lp-
am-\h
- p-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - n-\v. ]mW-°mSv Xß-∑m-tcmSv h√mØ ]c-kv]c klmb kl-I-c-W-ß-fpsS hnj-b-Ønepw F√m-h-
kvt\l-am-bn-cp-∂p. h√ Xß-∑m-scbpw I≠m¬ hfsc efn-Xhpw cp-sSbpw apºn-em-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. F{X IjvS-s∏´pw A\y-cpsS
kvt\l-a-kr-W-hp-amb ssien-bn-emWv Ahsc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n-cp- kt¥mjw ImWm≥ ]cn-{i-an°pw.
∂-Xv. Hcn-°¬ aIs‚ ]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v s]s´∂v F\n°v
*** *** *** A¬]w Iymjv Bh-iy-ambn h∂p. s]s´∂m-bX - n-\m¬ ssIbnse-
Sp-°m≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. DS-s\-Øs∂ C.Fw kmdn-t\mSv Imcyw ]d-
104 105
v Iw
™p. Xs‚ Iønepw ]W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]s£, hfsc Npcp-ßnb
kabw sIm≠p-Xs∂ At±lw ]e-cp-ambpw _‘-s∏´v Bh-iy-
amb ]Ww kwL-Sn-∏n®v X-∂p.
C.Fw kmdns‚ th¿]mSv Fs‚ lrZ-b-a-dn-bp∂ Hcp D‰ kplr-
Øn-s\-bmWv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. h√m-sØmcp GIm-¥- Htc Nn¥bpw Htc {]h¿Ø\ssienbpw Htc a\pw
m
Xbpw A\m-Y-Xzhpw th´-bm-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Imº-kn-em-Is´
tUm. apÿ^m Iam¬ ]mj
m
A\n¿hN\o-b-amsbmcp iq\y-Xbpw XfwsIń \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.
^mdq-Jns‚ Hmtcm a¨X-cn°pw C.Fw kmdn-s\-°p-dn®v hmtXm-cmsX
.co
kwkm-cn-°m-\p-≠v. a\-n-t∏mgpw B hntbm-KsØ kΩ-Xn-®n-ń-√. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn¬ hcp-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ C. apl-
ΩZv kmln-_p-am-bp≈ _‘w Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂p. hnZym`ymk taJ-e-
.co
Imº-kns‚ Hmtcm tImWp-I-fnepw Hmô-kp-I-fnepw Ct∏mgpw C.-
Fw. Pohn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p; ]q¿thm-]cn i‡n-tbm-sS... bn¬ ImgvN-∏mSpw ho£-Whpap≈ Bfp-Iƒ \t∂ Ipd-hm-b
Imew, apkvenw-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ {]tXy-In-®pw. D∂X hnZym-`ymkcwKØv
da
Hcp bYm¿Y apkvenans\ Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-°pI {]bm-ka - m-bn-cp-∂p.
A∂v Xncq-c-ßmSn ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-Hm-bnse lnÃdn hn`mKw Xe-h\mbn
da
{]h¿Øn- ® n- c p∂ Fs∂ ImWm\pw kwi- b - ß ƒ Xo¿°m\pw
]ehn[ N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm-\p-ambn \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw
hu
Bfp-Iƒ hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk Imcy-ßƒ kwkm-cn-°m-\mWv
Nne¿ h∂n-cp-∂X - v. D]-cn-]T
- \
- sØ°pdn®v Adn-tb≠-hcpw AXns‚
hu
km[y-XI - fpw hgn-Ifpw ]cn-Nb - s
- ∏-tS≠hcp-am-bn-cn°pw a‰p Nne¿.
rul
Hcp Znhkw C. apl-Ω-Zv kmln_pw Fs∂ ImWm≥ h∂p.
At±lw alm-cm-Pm-kn¬ Fw.-Fk - k
v n°p ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p
rul
AXv. Iptd t\cw Rßƒ Ccp∂p kwkm-cn-®p. Iq´-Øn¬, ]n.-F-
kv.F
- w.H. tImsf-Pn¬ sIan-kv{Sn°v eIvN¿ t]mÃv hcm≥ km[y-
X-bp-s≠∂pw AXn\v Fs¥ms° sNø-W-sa∂pw Bsc-sbms°
da
ImW-W-sa∂pw Rm≥ At±-l-Øn\v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp.
da
aXt_m[-ap≈hsc ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I-
cmbn e`n-°-W-sa∂v F\n°pw {]n≥kn-∏ƒ AlvaZv Ipń kmln-
w.
_n\pw \n¿_-‘a - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂, AØcw DtZym-
w.
Km¿Yn-Isf Is≠-Øm\pw Ahsc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw Rm≥
{ian-®n-cp-∂p. {]n≥kn-∏-fpsS ]q¿Æ ]n¥p-Wbpap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
Aß-s\, C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn¬ A[ym-

]-I-\mbn tN¿∂p. tImsf-Pn¬ [m¿anI\njvT \ne-\n¿Ø-Ws - a∂v
ww
At±- l - Ø n\v henb Xm¬]- c y- a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Ãm^v ¢∫n¬
AØcw hnj-bß - ƒ N¿®°p hcp-tºmƒ Rßƒ ]c-k] v cw ]n¥p-
W-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
Fs‚ Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v c≠mw \ne-bnepw C. apl-ΩZv kmln-
_ns‚Xv H∂mw \ne-bn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ XΩn¬ ]c-kv]cw Hcp
AUvPÃvsa‚n¬ FØn-. km[m-cW C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚
Un∏m¿´vsa‚nse Ipń-Iƒ I®d ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v apIfnse \ne-bn-
106 107
v Iw
te-°mWv hcnI. Fs‚ Un∏m¿´vsa‚nse Ipń-Iƒ Xmsg \ne-bn- Akzmÿyw {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂Xv C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_n-em-bn-cp-∂p.
te°pw t]mIpw. {][m-\-ambpw BÏp-ń-Ifpw s]Ïp-ń-Ifpw \√-hÆw ]Tn-®n-cp∂ Hcp Ipń°v Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.kn ¢mkn¬
XΩn-ep≈ I¨^m-_yp-se-bvj\m-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. am¿°v Ipd-™p. CXv At±-lsØ h√msX hnj-an-∏n-®p. Cu
CsXm-cn-°epw A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ]‰p-∂- hnjbw ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Fs∂ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. At\z-jn-®-
Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂, c≠mw \ne-bn¬ AXn-\mbn hcp∂ t∏mƒ Ipń-bpsS hoń-emWv {]iv\s - a∂v a\-n-em-bn. c£n-Xm-°sf
m
hnZym¿Yn-Isf Rm≥ At±-l-Øn\v sIm≠p-t]mbn G¬]n-°pw. hnfn®v {]iv\w Ahsc t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿ Xß-fpsS
H∂mw \ne- b n¬ hcp∂ Fs‚ Ipń- I sf At±- l hpw Fs‚ sX‰mb kao-]\w am‰m≥ Xøm-dm-bn. Ipń Db¿∂ am¿t°msS
m
ASpsØØn°pw. Aßs\ Ipń-Isf am¿K-Z¿i\w sNøm\pw ]n∂oSv Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn- ]mkm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
.co
imkn-°m\pw KpW-tZm-jn-°m\pw ]c-kv]c [mc-WbneqsS Ah- as‰m-cn-°¬, Hcp s]Ïp-ń-bpsS DΩ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p∂
kcw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-Øp. Rßƒ kzbw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cp∂ Hcp _m[y-
.co
aIsf Hcp AXym-h-iy-Øn\v Hmô-knse t^mWn-¬ hnfn-®p.
X-bm-bn-cp∂p CXv. Cßs\ Imº-kn-¬ Hcp [m¿an-Im-¥-co£w D≠m- At∏mƒ Ipń Imºkn¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hnhcw DΩsb s]s´∂v
°n- s b- S p- ° m≥ km[n- ° p- I - b p- ≠ mbn; a‰p A[ym- ] - I - c p- s Sbpw Adn-bn®v hnj-an-∏n-°msX hfsc X{¥-]-c-ambn At±lw {]iv\w
da
{]n≥kn-∏-fn-s‚bpw ]q¿W kl-I-c-W-tØm-sS. ssIImcyw sNbvXp. HSp-hn¬, CXn\v ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ Fs∂
Ipń-Iƒ°pw A[ym-]-I¿°pan-S-bn-ep-≈ {]iv\-ßfpw Akzm- G¬]n-®p. At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ s]Ïpń as‰mcp tImsf-Pn¬ Hcp
da
ÿy-ßfpw Is≠-Øm\pw ]cn-l-cn-°m\pw Rßƒ c≠p-t]cpw BÏp- ´ nsb ImWm≥ t]mb- X m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Imcyw hni- I - e \w
Iq´mbn {ian-®n-cp-∂p. A[ym-]I - ¿°n-Sb - n¬ cmjv{Sob {[pho-Ic - Ww sNbvXt- ∏mƒ s]Ïp-ń-bpsS ho-ń-emWv {]iv\s - a∂v a\-n-em-bn.
hu
hcmsX kq£n-°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. c£n-Xm-°sf hnfn-®p-h-cpØn AXn-\p≈ ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-
hu
A[ym-]-I-cpsS hoSp-I-fn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ hnhm-lw, acWw XpS- Ibpw sNbvXp. IqSp-X-em-cp-a-dn-bm-sX, hfsc cl-ky-am-bn-Øs∂
ßnb kµ¿`-ßf - n¬ B hoSv kµ¿in-°m≥ A[ym-]I - sc kwL- ]cn-lmcw ImWp-I-bp≠m-bn.
rul
Sn-∏n-®v bm{Xsbm-cp-°p-∂-Xn\v Rßƒ F∂pw apºn-ep-≠m-Ip-am-bn- hfsc efn-Xa - mb Hcp Pohn-Xa - mWv C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v F∂pw
cp-∂p. AXp-hgn A°m-eØv ]n.-Fk - v.F- w.H. tImsf-Pnse A[ym-]- \bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. tImsf-Pn¬ Hcn-°¬ t]mepw ]m‚ k v v [cn-°mØ
rul
I-scbpw A\-[ym-]-I-scbpw cmjv{Sob kmap-ZmbnI Nn¥-Iƒ°- Hcm-fp-s≠-¶n¬ AXv At±lw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ft∏mgpw sh≈
Xo-Xa - mbn H‰-s°-´mbn \n¿Øm≥ Rß-fpsS {ia-ßƒ°v km[n-®p. j¿´pw sh≈ XpWn-bp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®X - .v \mńse al-√,v kvIqƒ
da
Ipń-Ifpw Ãm^pw Acp-Xm-ØXv {]h¿Øn-®m¬ At±-lØ - n\v XpS-ßnb s]mXp-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ At±lw kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øp.
hfsc Akzmÿyw A\p-`-h-s∏Spw. {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc ]e-t∏mgpw AØcw Imcy-ßƒ°mbn At±-lsØ ImWm≥ hcp-
da
AXv Ft∏mgpw ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. BfpIƒ°v Akp-J-I-c- ∂-hsc Fs‚ Un∏m¿´vsa‚n¬ sh®mWv kzoI-cn°pI. Ft‚Xv
amb Imcy-ßƒ apJ-Øp-t\m°n ]d-bm≥ At±-lØ - n\v {]bm-ka - m- ]n.-Pn. Un∏m¿´vsa‚m-b-Xn-\m¬ IqSp-X¬ kuI-cy-ß-fpw IqSn-bn-cn-
w.
bn-cp-∂p. ^mdqJv sslkvIq-fn¬ A[ym-]-I¿ XΩn-ep≈ {]iv\- °m\pw N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm-\p-ap≈ hnim-eX - bpw Bh-iy-Øn\v D≠m-
w.
ßfpw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ {]iv\ß - fpw c£n-Xm-°f- psS {]iv\- bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ dqw Xs∂-bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw At±lw CØcw kwkm-
ßfpw F√mwIqSn ssIImcyw sNøm-\p≈ {]bmkw At±lw ]e- c-ßƒ°mbn sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. Rßf-hnsS A{X-am{Xw ASpØ
ww
t∏mgpw ]¶psh°pw. Nne L´-ßf - n¬ Rm≥ \n¿Øn-t∏m-hp-Ib - mWv kplr-Øp-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p. dqans‚ Imcy-Øn-sem∂pw henb ]nSn-hm-
F∂p- h sc ]d- ™ n- c p- ∂ p. At∏m- s g√mw At±- l - Ø n\v in-sbm∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Nne-t∏mƒ Rm≥ dqan¬ hcp-tºmƒ
ww
[m¿anI]n¥pW Rm≥ \¬Im-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-km-\w, AØcw At±lw Ahn-sS-bn-cp∂v GsX-¶nepw \m´p-Im-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-
Imcy-ßƒ Rm≥ Gs‰-Sp°mw F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw AXns‚ ASn- ∂Xv ImWmw.
ÿm-\-Øn¬, Hcp h¿j-tØmfw Hcp Iu¨kn-e¿ F∂ \ne°v ]n.- F - k v . - F w.H.bn¬ Rßƒ F∂pw H∂m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Htc
^mdqJv ÿm]-\ß-fn¬ Rm≥ t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. D≈nse Nn¥bpw Htc {]h¿Ø\ ssienbpw Htc a\pw. H∂n-®m-bn-cp∂p
{]iv \ - ß ƒ ]¶p- s h- ° m≥ Bfp- I ƒ A[n- I - a n- √ mØ Ahÿ Rß-fpsS F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw. GXp Imcy-am-bmepw ]c-kv]cw
At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw kqNn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. N¿®-sNbvXpw ]¶p-sh-®p-am-Wv Rßƒ apt∂m´v t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv.
Ipń-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ tami-am-bm¬ Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°s - f-°mƒ Hcp tImsfPv A[ym-]I - \
- m-bn-cn-s°-Øs - ∂, kabw \nb-{¥n®v,
108 109
v Iw
a‰p ]eXpw sNøm≥ km[n-°p-sa∂v sXfn-bn® Bfm-bn-cp∂p C. {]iv\w. CXv apkvenw-Iƒ am{Xw A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n°p∂ Hcp {]iv\a- m-
Fw. Htc ka-bw-Xs∂ \mńepw ]cn-kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-ambn A\- Wv. apkvenw-Is - f∂ \ne°v Jp¿-B\pw lZokpw ^nJvlpw Ad_n
h[n kwcw-`-ß-fpsS Np°m≥ ]nSn-®p. [mcmfw ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS `mjbpw Ckvem-anI Ncn-{Xhpw ]Tn-t°-≠Xp≠v. AtXkabw Cu
t\Xr-\n-cb - n¬ Hcm-fmbn {]h¿Øn-®p. Hcn-°epw HXp-ßn-°q-Smt\m Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Pohn-°-W-sa-¶nepw {]t_m-[\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬
im¥-\mbn \n¬°mt\m At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®n-√. Ft∏mgpw Hcp G¿s∏-S-W-sa-¶nepw ]≈n al-√-Øp-I-fn¬ tkh\w sNø-W-sa-
m
taJ-eb- n-es- √-¶n¬ as‰mcp taJ-eb - n¬ Du¿P-kz-eX - t- bmsS \n¬°m- ¶nepw ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw IqSntb Xocq. km[m-cW c£n-Xm-°fpw
\mWv At±lw CjvS-s∏-´-Xv. Ipń-Ifpw CXn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂n¬ am{Xw {i≤- tI-{µo-I-cn-°p-
m
^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqfn-s\bpw Ahn-SsØ a‰p kwcw- I-bmWv sN-bvXn-cp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ ê-ambn Zo\-dn-bmØ Iptd
.co
`-ß-sfbpw Db-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Db-c-ß-fn-te°v \bn-®Xpw AXn\v anÃ¿amcpw Zp\n-bm-hd - n-bmØ Iptd apkven-bm∑m-cpw \ΩpsS kaq-
l-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-. Ah¿ c≠v Iq´¿°pw kaq-lsØ \bn-°m-\p≈
.co
Nn¥m-]-c-amb ASn-Ød ]mIn-bXpw At±-l-amWv. sNΩmSv Zmdp¬
lpZm-bpsS ùXnI hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-\p≈ kne-_kv Xøm-dm-°n-bXpw Adnthm Ignthm D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu {]iv\hpw sh√p-hn-fnbpw
AXv \S-∏m-°m≥ ta¬t\m´w hln-®Xpw At±lw Xs∂-bmWv. t\cn-Sp-I-sb∂ `mcn-s®mcp DØ-c-hm-ZnØw At±lw kzbw Gs‰-Sp-
da
°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p; a‰p-≈-h-cpsS klm-b-tØm-sS G-sd-°psd AXn-
AtX kabw Xs∂ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H.- tImsf-Pnse sIankv{Sn
s\mcp ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øm≥ At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p. B ZuXyw
hn`mKw Xe-h≥ F∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnØhpw At±lw `wKn-bmbn \n¿h-
da
]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv At±-lsØ A\p-kva-cn-°p-tºmƒ
ln-®p. kl{]h¿Ø-I-cpsS kl-I-cWw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬
\ap°v sNøm-\p-≈-Xv.
At±lw \qdp iX-am\w hnP-bn-®n-cp-∂p. F√m-h¿°pw At±-l-
hu
tØmSv Hcp Xcw `bhpw BZ-c-hp-am-Wv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm Imcy- *** *** ***
hu
Ønepw ImWn-® \oXn-t_m-[hpw DØ-c-hm-ZnØ \n¿h-l-W-Ønse l÷n\v t]mb Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Ahn-sS-sh®v Rm≥ At±-
\njvI¿j-bp-am-bn-cp∂p CXn\v hgnsbm-cp-°n-b-Xv. tImsf-Pn¬ lsØ I≠n- c p- ∂ p. Kh¨sa‚ v l÷v {Kq∏n- e m- b n- c p∂p
rul
hnhn[ cmjv{So-b-°mcpw hnhn[ aXm-\p-bm-bn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p- At±Øns‚ bm{X. ld-an¬\n∂p hfsc AIse Hcp sS‚n-em-bn-
sh-¶nepw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚bpw A®-S-°-Øn-s‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ cp∂p Xma-kw. a‰p-]-ecpw Xma-k-ku-I-cy-sØ-s®m√n ]cm-Xn-Iƒ
rul
Ah-sc√mw kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Pm{KX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp- ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmgpw At±-l-Øn-\-Xn¬ bmsXmcp ]cm-
∂p. ÿm]-\Ø - n¬ Cß-s\-sbmcp C≥Ãn-‰yq-jW - ¬ Iƒ®¿ cq]- Xntbm ]cn-`h - tam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. l÷m-Pn-If - n¬ ]ecpw ]pd-Øp-
da
s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂-Xn¬ At±-l-Øn\v henb ]¶p-≠v. ]e t]mbn kzmZn-jvS-amb hn`-h-ß-fmWv Ign-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, At±-
aXÿm]-\ß - f- p-sSbpw kwLm-SI - s\∂ \ne°v {]h¿Øn-°p--tºmƒ l-w Xo¿Øpw ]cn-an-X-amb `£-W-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. `£-
da
t]mepw ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pns‚ hf¿®-bnepw Db¿®-bnepw W-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \mń-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw \njvI¿j-sbm∂pw
At±lw AXoh{i≤ ]pe¿Øn-. D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
w.
IpSpw_{]iv\-ßfpw al-√-nse {]iv\-ßfpw kvIqfnse {]iv\- *** *** ***
w.
ßfpw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse {]iv\-ß-fp-sa√mw Rßƒ ]c-kv]cw Hcp BIvkn-U‚n¬ s]´v Rm≥ tImgn-t°mSv saUn-°¬ tImsf-
N¿® sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam-∂m-bn-cp∂p ]e- Pn¬ AUvan-‰mb ka-bw. At±lw Fs‚ IqsS \n¬°m-\p≈
ww
t∏mgpw Rß-fpsS kwkmc hnj-bw. ]q¿W Xøm-sd-Sp-t∏m-sS-bmWv h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. \n¬t°≠ Bh-iy-an-

√msb∂v Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-®-t∏m-ƒ am{X-amWv At±lw t]mIm≥
ww
Zo≥ F∂m¬ KpW-Imw-£b - mWv F∂ \_nhN-\a - mWv Rßsf
apt∂m´v \bn-®n-cp-∂X - .v Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Cw•ojv Xøm-dm-b-Xv. kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw XymK-k-∂-≤-
]Tn-°m≥ km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ°p ]Icw Xbpw a\-n-em-°m-≥ CXn¬]cw as‰¥v thWw!
Iptd-°qSn ê-{]-Zhpw imkv{Xo-bhp-amb ]pkvX-I-ßƒ tXSn-∏n- *** *** ***
Sn-°p-∂X- n\v At±lw Fs‚ kl-Ic - Ww tXSn-bn-cp-∂p. A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-X-bm-bn-cp∂p as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X. Rßƒ ]e-
Rß-fpsS ]e N¿®-I-fnepw km[m-c-W- hnj-bo-`-hn-®n-cp-∂Xv t∏mgpw Fs‚ s_Uv dqan¬ Ccp∂pw InS-∂p-sam-s°-bmWv ]e
kap-Zmbw A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-°p∂ Hcp {]iv\a - m-bn-cp-∂p. ùXnI hnZym- Imcy-ßfpw N¿® sNbvXn-cp-∂X - v. Aßs\ ]e-t∏mgpw aWn-°q-dp-
`ym-khpw aX hnZym-`ym-khpw Fßs\ ka-\z-bn-∏n°mw F∂- I-tfmfw kwkm-cn®v N¿®-Iƒ \o≠p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.
110 111
v Iw
ap≥\n-c-bn¬ \n∂v {]h¿Øn-®p At±-lw. acn-°p-∂-Xn\v HcmgvN
apºv Rm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ hoń¬ sN-∂Xpw ]e Imcy-ßfpw Zo¿L-
ambn kwkm-cn-®Xpw Hm¿°p-∂p. Fw. Ae-hn-°pń acW hm¿Ø
Adn-bn-®t- ∏mƒ AXv hniz-kn-°m-\m-ImsX A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬ Rm≥
Xf¿∂p-t]m-bn.
m
{Inbm-flI
- X
- b
- p-sS GXm\pw amkw apºmWv Rß-fpsS {]nb kplrØpw ]n.-F-
ck-X{¥w ]Tn-∏n® C.-Fw.
m
kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn¬ Rß-tfm-sSm∏w A[ym-]-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ K\n
s{]m^. ]n.-F≥. A–p-¿dlva- m≥ km¿ ac-W-s∏-´-Xv. A∂v Rm\pw C.-Fw. kmdpw AhnsS t]mbn-cp-
.co
∂p. B hnclZpxJØn¬ \n∂p tamN\w t\Sp-∂-Xn\v apºmWv C.-
.co
C.-Fw. km¿ F∂pw F\n-s°mcp tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c-s\-t∏m- FΩpw hnS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnin-jvS-amb hy‡n-Xzhpw ssNX-
se-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pnse sIankv{Sn hn`m-K-Øn¬ \yhpw {]k-cn-∏n-®n-cp∂ B almhy‡n-bpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ°p-ap-ºn¬
C.- F w- ˛ - K - \ n- ˛ - ] n.F≥ F∂ {Stbm {^≠v j n]v AXn- i - ‡ - h pw Rm≥ {]m¿Y\m]q¿hw \n¬°p-∂p.
da
Fs∂∂pw Hm¿an-°p-∂X - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. tImsfPv Pohn-XØ - n-ep-S\
- ofw
da
Rß-fnXv De-®n-te¬°msX kwc-£n-®p. tImsfPv Pohn-X-Øn\p
tijhpw Cu _‘w kpi-‡-ambn \ne-\n∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-
hu
sem∂pw ]c-kv]cw thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw Rßƒ°n-
S-bn¬ D≠m-bn-√. hy‡n-_‘ - ß - sf al-Øc - a- mbn t\m°n-°≠
- hen-
hu
sbmcp a\-p-≠m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn-\v.
hy‡n-_-‘-ß-fp-sSbpw \nc-¥c {Inbm-flI{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-
rul
sSbpw ck-X{¥w Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®Xv C.-F-Ωm-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-‰nepw
rul
kz¥w ssienbpw `mj-bp-ap-≠v At±-l-Øn-\v. hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw
I¿a-Ip-ie - X - b- p-sSbpw ]cym-bw. {]mb-Øn¬ Xt∂-°mƒ Cfb kl-
{]-h¿Ø-It- cm-Sp-t]mepw "\nßƒ' Ft∂ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøq.
da
sX‰p-Iƒ FhnsS I≠mepw bmsXmcp Iqkepw IqSmsX AXv
da
Xncp-Øm≥ apt∂m-´p-h-cp∂ Hcp ss[cyw At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp-
∂p. Hcn-°¬ tImsf-Pn\p apºnse _tÃm∏n¬ ]¿± AWn™
w.
Hcp s]Ïpń Xs‚ Np‰pw \n¬°p∂ BÏp-ń-It- fmSv {]I-S\ - -

]-c-X-tbmsS k√m]w \S-Øp-∂Xv C.-Fw. ImWm≥ CS-bm-bn.
w.
At∏mƒXs∂ At±lw s]Ïp- ´ n- b psS ASp- s ØØn "Cu
thjhpw Cu ]WnbpwIqSn H∂n®v \S-°p-I-bn√' F∂v D]-tZ-in-
ww
®Xv C∂pw a\-n¬\n∂v am™p-t]m-bn-ń-√.
ww
At±-l-Øns‚ samss_¬ t^mWnse BZy\º¿ Ft‚-Xm-
bn- c p- ∂ p. AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X - s ∂, hoń¬\n∂p Ipń- I - f m- s c- ¶ nepw
samss_¬ FSpØp Ifn-°p-tºmƒ, Adn-bmsX Fs‚ t^mWn-te°v
ankv tImƒ hcnI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\, ]e-t∏mgpw Rm≥
Xncn®p hnfn® kµ¿`ßƒ Xam-i-tbmsS Hm¿Øp-t]m-Ip-∂p.
Xs‚bpw IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw Btcm-Ky-˛-t£a Imcyßƒ kZm
{i≤n- ® p- t ]m- c p- t ºmƒXs∂ kmaqly ]ptcm- K - X n- ° p- t h≠nbpw
112 113
v Iw
B¬hn≥ tSm^vf-dpsS {]i-kvX-amb ^yq®¿ tjm°v, Zn tdmUv
thhv F∂o ]pkvX-I-ßƒ At±-l-Øn\v hfsc {]nb-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-
∂p. AXp-t]mse slan-Mvth-bpsS Zn HmƒUv am≥ B‚ v Zn ko,
tlmtXm-Mns‚ Zn kvIm¿e‰v se‰¿ F∂o t\mh-ep-Ifpw At±lw
hfscb[nIw Cjv S - s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ kmlnXy IrXn- I - f n¬s∏- S p- ∂ p.
m
at\m-l-c-am-sbmcp Hm¿abpw amXr-Ibpw Cusbmcp hmb-\m-io-ew- sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv GsXmcp hnZym-`ymk
s{]m^. Sn.-Fw.-F. Peo¬ ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚bpw \s´√v anI-s®mcp sse{_-dn-bm-sW∂ ImgvN-
m
∏mSv At±-lØ - n\v D≠mbn-cp-∂X - v. ^mdq-Jns‚ sse{_dn CXn-s\mcp
.co
C.-Fw. km¿ F∂v Rm≥ hnfn-®n-cp∂ s{]m^-k¿ C. apl-ΩZv hy‡-amb sXfn-hmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.
.co
C∂v \ΩpsS IqsS-bn-√. F¶nepw \Ωp-sS-sbms° Hm¿a-I-fn¬ Zo¿L-Zr-jSv ntbmsS Imcy-ßƒ πm≥ sNøm\pw \S-∏n-em-°m\pw
At±lw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-°pbpw sNøpw. CXn¬ A]m-ca - mb Ign-hp≈ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. Hcp-]mSv hnjb-
bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. Imc-Ww, \s√mcp a\p-jy≥, At±lsØ ßƒ H∂n®v ssIImcyw sNøm\pw At±-lØ - n\v Ign-™p. im¥-
da
kvt\ln-°pbpw _lp-am-\n-°pbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-h¿°v at\m-l-c-am- am-bn, £a-tbmsS, aSn-Iq-SmsX Imcy-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-am-bn-
sbmcp Hm¿a-bmbpw amXr-I-bmbpw \ne-sIm-≈pw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ cp-∂p. Zmdp¬ lpZm, ^mdqJv ÿm]-\ß - ƒ, ]pXp-∏d - º
- nse al-√v,
da
Hcp hy‡n{]`m-ha - m-bn-cp∂p F\n°v {]nb-¶c - \
- mb C.-Fw. km¿. knPn F∂n-hb - p-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m Imcy-ßf - nepw kPo-ha - m-bn
Htc kabw At±lw {]h¿Øn-®p.
hu
At±lw ]n.- F - k v . - F w.H. tImsf- P n¬ sIankv { Sn
Un∏m¿Sv s a‚ n¬ s{]m^- k dpw hIp- ∏ p- t a- [ m- h nbpw Bbn- c p∂ Id-I-f™ Hcp kap-Zmb kvt\ln-bm-bn-cp∂p. AtX-k-a-bw,
hu
ImewsXm´p-Xs∂ Fs‚ ]cn-N-b-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, At±- a‰p kap-Zm-b-°m-scbpw Ah-cpsS kwkvIm-c-sØbpw _lp-am-\-
lsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bm\pw CS-]-g-Im\pw XpS-ßn-bXv GI-tZiw ]Xn- tØm-sSb-√msX At±lw Hcn-°epw I≠n-√. \ΩpsS ]°¬ D≈-
rul
\©v h¿jw apºm-Wv. Hmtcm h¿jw Ign-bp-tºmgpw IqSp-X¬ Xn¬\n-∂v, AXv ]W-am-bmepw hn⁄m-\a - m-bm-epw, kaql\∑°pw
IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-bn C.Fw. kmdp-am-bp≈ Fs‚ Iq´p-sI´pw ASp- A¬]w am‰n-sh-°-W-sa∂v Dd-®p-hn-iz-kn-®n-cp∂p At±-lw.
rul
∏-hpw. kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_≤ - X
- t- ]mse At±lw s]m°n-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw
anX`mjn. Btem-Nnt® F¥n\pw adp-]Sn ]d-bq. FSp-Øp-Nm-´- hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX as‰m-∂m-Wv A®-S° - w. ùXn-Ia - mb t\´-
da
an-√. kXy-k-‘-X, Bflm¿∞-X, A¿∏-W-t_m-[w. Chbp-sS- ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw [m¿an-Ihpw Bflo-
b-hp-amb aqey-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn°Ww F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
da
sbms° Hcp ]cymbw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. {]kn-≤-
amb Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS Bflm-hm-bn-cp∂ a¿lqw _m∏pń lmPn, At±-l-Øns‚ PohnX ho£-Ww. CØcw aqey-ßfpw ho£-W-
ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ ÿm]-\-ß-fnse hnZym¿Yn-I-fnepw kplr-
w.
kp{]- k n≤ ]fin- X \pw BZ- c - W o- b - \ p- a mb a¿lqw sFZdqkv

apkven-bm¿ F∂n-h-tcmSv C.-Fw. kmdn\v A]m-c-amb kvt\lhpw Øp-°-fnepw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ hfscb[nIw {ian-®n-cp-∂p.
w.
BZ-chpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v At±-l-Øns‚ kwkm-c-Øn¬\n∂p bm{X-Iƒ hfsc CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah shdpw hnt\m-Z-am-bn-
a\-n-em-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. cp-∂n-√. ImWp-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Imcy-ßƒ icn°pw
ww
kabw e`n-°p-tºm-sg√mw C.-Fw. kmdpw Rm\pw Hcp-an-®p-Iq- A]-{K-Yn®p a\-n-em-°p-w. bm{X-I-fpsS Bflobam\w th≠p-
ww
Sp-Ibpw hnhn[ Imcy-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. thmfw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™n-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥
Zmdp¬ lpZmbpw AXns‚ hf¿®bpw Db¿®bpw At±-l-Øns‚ icn°pw Adn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cß-s\-sbmcp ImgvN-∏mSv D≠m-
a\-n¬ kZm \nd-™p-\n∂p. Zmdp¬ lpZ-t]mse At±-l-Øns‚ bn-cp-∂X - v. bm{X-bnepw \a-kvIm-cØ - ns‚ hnj-bØ - n¬ IWn-i° - m-
a\-n¬ N¶p-sh-ń-bnse ^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw ÿm]-\-ß- c-\m-bn-cp∂p. H∂n®v ]e-bn-SØpw Rßƒ bm{X sNbvXn-´p-≠v. efnX
fpap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahbp-sS-sb√mw ssNX-\yhpw NmeIi‡nbpw Pohn-Xw, Db¿∂ Nn¥ Fs∂ms° \mw ]d-bm-dp-s≠¶nepw Cu
F√m A¿Y-Ønepw Aa-c° - m-c\pw C.-Fw. kmdm-bn-cp-∂p. XØzßsfms° Pohn-X-Øn¬ \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-
kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI ]pkvX-I-ßfpw kmlnXyIrXn-Ifpw cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿.
\∂mbn hmbn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p. kp{]-kn≤ kmaq-lnI imkv{X-⁄≥ Rßƒ Ah-km-\-ambn I≠Xpw kwkm-cn-®Xpw At±lw acn-
114 115
v Iw
°p-∂-Xns‚ sXm´p-ap-ºsØ hymgm-gvN-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v sshIp-
t∂cw At±lw Fs‚ hoń¬ h∂p. D∏n´ \mcßm\ocv IpSn-®p.
Rßƒ \S-°m-\n-dß - n. tIm´-°¬ cmPmkv sslkvIq-fns‚ {Ku≠n-
se-Øn. ]md-∏p-d-Øn-cp-∂v Hcp-]mSv kwkm-cn-®p. Zmdp¬ lpZmbpw
^mdqJpw apJyhnj-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb Nne
m
Imcy-ßfpw Kuc-h-ambn N¿® sNbvXp. ]n∂o-Sv, aKvcn_v \nkv-Icn®v au\-{In-bI
- f- psS hnπ-hm-flI hgn-bn¬
Xncn®p \S-∂p. Aßs\ ]ncn-™p. At∏mƒ kabw GI-tZiw s{]m^. Hmam-\q¿ apl-ΩZv
m
Cim-tbm-S-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p.
.co
C.-Fw. kmdn-s\-t∏m-se Hcp kplrØv C\n F\n-°p-≠m-hptam 1971 ¬ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H.bn¬ FØp-∂-tXm-sS-bmWv C.-Fw.
.co
F∂-dn-bn-√. At±-lØ - n¬\n∂pw e`n-®n-cp∂ kvt\lhpw _lp-am- Fs∂mcp i_vZw hmeyp sNø-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. A∂p-ap-X¬X-s∂, A[ym-
\hpw D]-tZ-i\ - n¿tZ-iß
- f- pw A{X°p hne-s∏-´h
- b
- m-bn-cp-∂p. sh≈- ]-I¿°n-Sb - n¬ hn\-bhpw efn-Xa - mb Pohn-Xhpw-sIm≠v hyXn-cn-‡-
°p-∏mbw, sh≈-Øp-Wn, ]Xps° ]Xp-s°-bp≈ \S-Øw, Db¿∂p- \mbn ImW-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ im¥-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw
da
s]m-ßn-\n¬°pw ico-cw, im¥-amb apJw, apJØv hiy-amb ]p©n- {]h¿Ø\ temIØv kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. im¥-ambn Imcy-ß-sf√mw
cn... C.-Fw. kmdns‚ Cu cq]w a\-n¬\n∂p Hcn-°epw am-™p- sNbvXp-Xo¿°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±l-Øns‚ ^ntem-k-^n.
da
t]m-In-√. sNΩmSv Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p XpS-ßp-∂-tXm-sS-bmWv
{]kw-K-th-Zn-I-fnepw a‰pw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn\v apºv s]mXp-
hu
{]-kw-K-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ Xosc h∂n-cp-∂n-√. sNdnb sNdnb ¢mkp-I-
hu
fnepw tamń-th-j≥ Iq´m-bva-I-fn-ep-sa√mw am{X-amWv I≠n-cp-∂-Xv.
F∂pw [m¿anI Nn¥-If - psS ASn-Ød - b- n¬\n∂v Nn¥n-® Bfm-
rul
bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. F√m‰nepw aX-Iob ]cn-thjw ImWm≥ {ian-®n-cp-

∂p. tImsf-Pn-em-bn-cp∂t∏mƒ BÏp-ń-I-fp-sSbpw s]Ïp-ń-I-
rul
fp-sSbpw A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb kΩn-{i-Po-hnXw At±-l-Øn-s\m´pw
kln-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]e-t∏mgpw hnZym¿Yn-Isf hnfn®v D]-tZ-in-
da
°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, C.-FΩns‚ CØcw \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°v FXn-

cm-bn-cp∂p Nne¿. hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v AXn-s\√mw kzmX{¥yw \evI-
da
W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sv.
w.
Ãm^n-\n-S-bn¬ h√mØ AwKo-Im-chpw kzoIm-cy-X-bp-am-bn-

cp∂p C.-FΩ - n-\.v XpS¿®-bmbn c≠p XhW At±lw Ãm^v ¢∫ns‚
w.
{]kn-U≠ - mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-´p. s]mXp-sh, CS-Xp-]£ Nn¥m-
K-Xn°v {]m[m\yw \¬I-s∏´ Ahk-cß - f - n¬t]mepw CXv ssIh-
ww
∂Xv At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hen-sbmcp AwKo-Imcw
ww
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw {]kn-U-‚mbn Ccn-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv
]n.-Fk - v.F
- w.H. Im‚o≥ \n¿an-°s - ∏-´X
- v. A[ym-]I - c
- n¬\n∂p ]Ww
kzcq-]n-®m-bn-cp∂p CXv.
]ecpw sNøp-∂-t]mse πm‰v t^mw kv]o®v F∂-Xn-e-∏pdw Ipń-
I-fpsS a\-n-te°v Cd-ßn-\n-∂p≈ ¢mkp-If - mWv C.-Fw. \S-Øn-
bn-cp-∂X - v. AXn-\m¬ At±-lØ - ns‚ ¢mkp-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v CjvS-
am-bn-cp-∂p. Bi-b] - c
- a
- mbn FXn¿°-s∏-´ ]e L´-ßf - nepw F\n°v
[m¿an-I-amb ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ C.-Fw. km¿ IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
116 117
v Iw
Bscbpw apJ-kX v pXn ]d™v ÿm\-am-\ß - ƒ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ {ian-
°mØ Bfm- b n- c p∂p At±- l w. hntbm- P n- ∏ p- I - s f√mw A∏-
t∏mƒXs∂ Xpd-∂p-]-d-bpw.
As∂ms° Imº-kn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw {]iv\ß - tfm Acp-Xm-ba v -
Itfm D≠m-bm¬ A®-S-°-°-Ωn-‰n-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
m
F≥Iz-bdn IΩo-j≥ F∂m-bn-cp∂p t]cv. Rm\pw C.-FΩpsams° ]ptcm-KX
- n-bpsS \nXm¥ kz]v\h
- p-ambn
s{]m^. Fw. A_vZp¬ Akokv
m
CØcw ]e IΩo-j-\p-I-fnepw AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. A\-h[n {]iv\-
ßƒ Rßƒ H∂n-®n-cp∂v At\zjn°p-Ibpw ssIImcyw sNøp-
.co
Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ]s£, F¥m-sW-¶nepw Btcm-Sm-sW-¶nepw Pohn-X-Øn¬ G‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬ kzm[o-\n® hyIvXn ˛ AXm-
.co
km[n-°m-ØXv Bhn-√m-sb∂v Xpd-∂p-]-d-™n-cp∂p At±-lw. bn-cp∂p Fs∂ kw_‘n-®n-S-tØmfw C.-Fw. km¿. Fs‚ {]nb-
Rßƒ A[ym-]I - ¿ Sq¿ kwL-Sn-∏n-®m¬ AXn¬ hfsc kPo- s∏´ Kpcphpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw KpW-Imw-£nbpw F√m-am-Wv
h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°pw At±-lw. A∂v tImsf-Pn-te°v ]pkvXI - ß
- ƒ At±-lw. kaq-l\ - ∑- °
- mbn \qdv \qdv kz]v\ß
- ƒ Xe-bn-te‰n Pohn®
da
Hm¿U¿ sNøm-\mbn _mw•q-cn-te°v t]mbXpw Hm¿a hcp-∂p. sIan- A]mc a\p-jy≥. \nkzm¿Y-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Cß-s\-sbm-cmsf
kv{Sn-°p-th≠n At±-lhpw lnÃ-dn-°p-th≠n Iam¬ ]mjbpw Is≠-ØpI Xo¿Øpw {ia-I-cw-X-s∂.
da
Cw•o-jn-\p-th≠n Rm\p-amWv kwL-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. hfsc Znh-khpw ^mdq-Jn¬ h∂m¬ ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw AI-
ckm-h-l-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-tØm-sSm-∏-ap≈ bm{X-Iƒ.
hu
e- Ø n- e m- h p- t ºm- s gms° ÿm]- \ - Ø ns‚ Hmtcm Imcy- Ø n\pw
A[ym-]\tPmen C.-F-Ωns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hfsc At±lw \nc-¥cw hnfn-°p-Ibpw \n¿tZi-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-
hu
Imcy-£a - a
- mbn \n¿h-ln-°s - ∏-tS-≠Xmbn--cp-∂p. tImsfPv ¢mkp-Iƒ am-bn-cp-∂p. an° Znh-k-ß-fnepw cmhnse Fs∂ hnfn-°pw. Hmô-
sskUm°n, a‰p sskUv h¿°p-I-fp-ambn \S-°p∂ A[ym-]-I- kn¬ h∂n´v sNøm-\p≈ Imcy-ßsf°pdnt®m a‰p ]≤-Xn-Is - f-°p-
rul
cpsS ssien-tbmSv At±-l-Øn\v Hcn-°epw tbmPn-°m≥ Ign-™n- dnt®m Hs°-bm-bn-cn°pw kwkmcw.

cp-∂n-√. \qdp iX-am\w tPmen-tbmSv \oXn ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-
rul
km¿ bm{X t]mb sabv \memw Xnø-Xnbpw cmhnse Fs∂
eØv s]mXp{]kw-K-Øn\v t]mepw t]mbn-cp-∂n-√. t^mWn¬ hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS c≠m-fp-sSbpw kuI-cy-a-\p-k-
Rm≥ ap°w tImsf-Pn¬ {]n≥kn-∏-fmbn tkh\w sNbvXn- cn®v ÿm]-\Ø - ns‚ Ãm^v C‚¿hyq A∂mWv \S-Øm≥ Xocp-am-
da
cp∂ ImeØv F\n°v hen-sbmcp AØm-Wn-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. \n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]s£, Nne Aku-I-cy-ß-fp-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ C∂v
da
A∂v ]ehn[-Øn-ep-ap≈ klmb kl-Ic - W
- ß
- ƒ F\n°v th≠n hcm≥ ]‰n-s√∂pw At±lw t^mWn-eqsS Adn-bn-®p. Ah-km-\-ambn
sNbvXp-X-∂n-cp-∂p. t^mWn-eqsS Fs‚ sNhn-bn¬ ]Xn™ hm°p-Iƒ Cß-s\-bm-bn-
w.
F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.F (Bƒ tIcfm ss{]h‰v tImsfPv Sot®gvkv cp∂p:

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥), ]n.-kn.-‰n.F (ss{]-h‰v tImsfPv Sot®gvkv Atkm- ""\Ωƒ t\csØ Xocp-am-\n® Ãm^v C‚¿hyq-hn\v hcm≥
w.
kn-tb-j≥) F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ {][m-\ Sot®gvkv Atkm- F\n°v km[n-°n-√. Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS B{‘-bnse kl-ÿm-]\w
kn-tb-j\pIƒ. CS-Xp-]£ Nn¥-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - m-bn-cp∂p BZy- CXp-hsc Rm≥ t]mbn I≠n-ń-√. H∂p t]mbn I≠p-h-cm≥ B{K-
ww
tØ-Xv. tImem-l-e-ß-fp-≠m-°m\pw i‡n sXfn-bn-°m\pw Ah¿ l-ap-≠.v Rm≥ t\csØ ]d™ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Hcp-°m-\p-ap-≠.v _p[-
ww
CS-°nsS Hmtcm ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Imº-kn¬ h∂ \mgvN Xncn-s®-Øp-sa∂v Icp-Xp-I. \ap°v sNøm-\p-≈s - Xm∂pw ad-
kabw C.-Fw. km¿ BZyw AXn-emWv AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. °-cp-Xv. C‚¿hyq {]n≥kn-∏ƒ CJv_m¬ kmdpw Ahdp amjpw
{ItaW CsXm-cn-°epw icn-bm-In-s√∂v a\-n-em-bt- ∏mƒ cmPn sh®v \obpw H∂n-®n-cp∂v bp‡n t]mse sNøp-I. klm-b-Øn\v thW-
]n.-kn.Sn.-F-bn¬ tN¿∂p. tIm¨{Kkv A\p-`m-h-am-bn-cp∂p AXn- sa-¶n¬ kt¥mjv kmdn-s\bpw hnfn-°p-I... ]ns∂, Fkv.-F-kv.-
\v. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ cmjv{Sob ]m¿ń-I-fn-sem-∂n-ep-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh- F¬.kn dnkƒńs‚ Hcp Ah-tem-I\w Xøm-dm-°-Ww. C∂-bn∂
¶nepw apkvenw eoKns‚ \b-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cp∂p B`n-apJyw. Bfp-I-fpambn _‘-s∏-´m¬ aXn. C‚¿hyq Ign-™m¬ hnfn®p
]d-bm≥ ad-°-cp-Xv...''
]Xnhv t]mse B Znh-khpw ^mdqJnse-Øn. C.-Fw. km¿
118 119
v Iw
\n¿t±-in® t]mse C‚¿hyqhpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw F√mw Ign™p. ^mdq-Jns\ hf¿Øn Hcp UowUv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bm°n am‰-
Xncn®p hoń-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ kabw sshIp-t∂-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. cm{Xn Wsa-∂m-bn-cp∂p kmdns‚ kz]v\w. AXv ]e-t∏mgpw ]d-bp-Ibpw
kmdp-ambn _‘-s∏´v F√mw ]d-bm-sa-∂mWv Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, XZ-\p-kr-Xa - mb hf¿® ssIh-cm-ØX - n¬
`£Ww Ign-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv B tImƒ h∂-Xv. "km¿ At±lw ZpxJn®p. IΩn‰n AwK-ß-tfmSpw At±lw Cu ZpxJw
acW-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p...' Hm¿a-Iƒt]mepw AkvX-an-®p-t]m-bn. D≈v ]¶psh®n-cp-∂p ^mdq-Jn-t\m-S\ - p-_‘
- n®v \n¿an-°s - ∏´ ]e ÿm]-
m
DcpInsbmen-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. DS-s\ ^mdq-JnseØn. hml-\-tam-Sn- \-ßfpw KWy-amb ]ptcm-KXn t\Sn-b-t∏mƒ, ^mdqJv F¥p-sIm≠v
°m≥ t]mepw Ign-™n-√. F√mw A\n-b{- ¥n-Xa - m-bt- ]m-se... DSs\ ]n∂n-embn F∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-ßƒ At\z-jn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]cm-
m
Hcp hmSI h≠n hnfn®v Rßƒ tImb-ºØ - q-cn-te°v Xncn®p. P-bß- ƒ h∂p-s]-SmsX ]q¿t∆m-]cn Hu∂-Xy-ßf - n-te°v ]m™p-
.co
C.-Fw. km¿... C\n AXv Bh¿Øn®v Dcp-hn-Sm≥ Ign-bn-√tbm? I-b-dm-\mWv At±lw \nc-¥cw {]m¿Yn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
.co
B i_vZw C\n sNhn-bn¬ ]Xn-°n-√tbm? B \º-dn¬ C\n Bcm- A]m-c-amb Hm¿a-i-‡n-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. kmdn-\v. Hcmsf
bn-cn°pw t^m¨ tImfp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI? Hcn-°¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´m¬ ]ns∂ Ft∏mƒ FhnsSsh®v Abmsf
D≈ns‚ D≈n¬ F√m-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. ^mdq-Jns\ I≠mepw Hm¿sØ-Sp°pw.
da
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXns‚ Bflmhmbn-cp∂p. C.-Fw kmdn- ss{]adn Xew sXm´v D∂XXew h - sc GsX√mw ¢mkn¬ Fß-
√mØ ÿm]\w Bflm-hn-√mØ icocw t]mse F∂pw A]q¿W- s\-sb-√m-ap≈ hnZy-m`ym-ka - mWv D≠m-th-≠Xv F∂-Xn¬ {]tXyI
da
am-Wv. ]s£, At±lw _m°n-sh® Hcp-]nSn aqey-ßf - p-≠v. AXm- ImgvN-∏mSpw Znim-t_m-[-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn-\v. C∂v Dcp-
bn-cn°pw C\n ÿm]-\sØ apt∂m´v \bn-°p-I-sb∂ Htc-sbmcp Øn-cn™p h∂ tlmfn-ÃnIv FPyp-t°-j≥ tamU-ens‚ {]mtbm-
hu
kam-[m-\-ta-bp-≈q. KnI kz`mhw ^mdq-Jn¬ t\c-sØ-Øs∂ C.-Fw. kmdpw Iq´p-Imcpw
hu
ASp- Ø - d n- b pw- t Xmdpw AXv ` p- X - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X m- b n- c p∂p B \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Db¿∂ Zo¿Lho£-Wt- ØmsS ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-
hy‡n-Xzw. ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sS-sbms° Db¿®bpw hf¿®bpw jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ ^mdq-Jn¬ F∂pw
rul
B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-th≠n {ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ^mdq-Jnse apºn¬ \S-∂Xv km¿ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm h¿jhpw Fkv.-F-
ss{]adn Xew apX¬ Un{Kn-˛_n.FUv Xew hsc F√m-hcpw Hcp- kv.-F¬.kn dnkƒ´v h∂m¬, ^mdq-Jn-s‚Xpw a‰p amt\-Pvsa‚ v
rul
t]mse BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. Ipń- ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSXpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-
Isf in£n-°p-tºmgpw KpW-tZm-jn-°p-tºmgpw AXn-cp-hn´ tIm]w \p≈ am¿K-ßƒ - Ah-ew-_n°pw. CØcw {]h¿Ø-\ß - f
- n¬ c£n-
da
ImWp-sa-¶nepw Ah-cpsS Db¿®bpw kaq-l-Øn¬ DØa ]uc- Xm-°-sfbpw hnZym-`ymk hnZ-Kv[scbpw hnfn-®p-h-cpØn hne-s∏´
∑m-cm-I-W-sa∂ Nn¥-bp-amWv At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ kam-l-cn-°pw. GI]£obamb Hcp \bw ^mdqJv
da
Hcp-Im-eØpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-°msX thdn-´p-\n-∂p. kmaq-
A[ym- ] - I - c psS Ignhpw tbmKy- X bpw h¿[n- ∏ n- ° m- \ p≈
lnI kmº-ØnI _e-lo-\-X-Iƒ th≠p-thm-f-ap≠mbn-cp∂ Hcp
w.
C≥k¿hokv tImgvkp-Iƒ \S-∏m-°m\pw KpW-ta∑ h¿[-\-hn\v

ImeØv CØcw hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn apt∂m-´p-h∂
Ahiyw th≠-sXms° sNøm\pw km¿ \√ ]cn-KW - \ \¬In-bn-
w.
^mdqJv skmssk-‰nbpw AXns‚ ap∂n¬ \S∂ C.-Fw. kmdpw F√m-
cp-∂p. hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ]T\ \ne-hmcw Db¿-Øp-∂-Xnepw Ah-
h-cp-sSbpw {]iw-k-Iƒ ]nSn-®p-]-‰n.
cn¬ kz`mhip≤n hf¿-Øp-∂X - nepw Gsd {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. CS-°nsS
ww
]≈n-bn¬ sh®v fpl¿ \nkvIm-cm\-¥cw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v `mhn-Po- _ncp-Zm-\-¥cw Ign-hp-≈-hsc knhn¬ k¿hokv ]co-£-°p-
th≠n Xøm-dm°p∂-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ At±lw
ww
hn-X-Øn¬ D]-Imc{]Z-amb ]e aX-]mT-ßfpw ]I¿∂v \¬Ip-am-
bn-cp-∂p. as‰m-cm-sfbpw CXv G¬]n-°msX Hcp ZuXy-sa∂ \ne°v ^mdqJv B¿Svkv & kb≥kv tImsf-Pns\ tI{µ-am°n \S-Øn-Xp-S-
kz¥-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ßn-bn-cp-∂p. BZy-]-Sn-sb-t∂m-Ww, AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬
^mdqJv sk≥{S¬ sse{_dn k÷o-Ic - n-°m-\mbn Nne kplr-Øp-
hnZym`ym-k-sØ-°p-dn®pw hnZy-m`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw
°-tfm-sSm∏w At±lw hnhn[bnS-ß-fn¬ t]mbn ]pkvX-I-ßƒ
cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw \mSn-s‚bpw {]iv\ß-sf-°p-
tiJ-cn-®p. CØcw Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn FhnsS t]mIm\pw F¥pw
dn-®p-amWv At±lw Ft∏mgpw kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. {]mbw AXn-
sNøm\pw At±lw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. hnhn[ hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-ßƒ
s\m∂pw Hcp XS-khpw Bbn-cp-∂n-√.
kµ¿in®v Ahn-SpsØ A\p-I-c-Wob amXr-I-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m\pw
At±lw Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p.
120 121
v Iw
^mdq-Jn-t\m-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ F∂pw At±-lØ - ns‚ a\-n¬ \nd-
™p-\n∂ as‰mcp ÿm]\w Zmdp¬ lpZ-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-SsØ
hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ss[j-WnI hf¿®°pw hnZym-`ymk A`n-hr-≤n-
°p-ambn At±lw \nc-¥cw {]h¿Øn-®p. B Ipń-Ifpw Fß-s\-
sb-√m-amWv apt∂m-´p-t]m-tI-≠Xv F∂-Xn¬ At±-lØ - n\v \s√mcp
m
ImgvN-∏mSv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp t\m´w aXn ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ßƒ t]mepw \ni-_vZa- m-Im≥
taP¿ C_vdmlow
m
kaql\∑th≠n \qdp\qdv kz]v\-ßƒ Xe-bn-te-‰n-bm-bn-cp∂p
At±-lØ - ns‚ Pohn-Xw. ^mdq-Jv˛Zm-dp¬lp-Z, Zm-dp¬ lpZ-˛^ - m-dqJv
.co
F∂- X p- a m- { X- a m- b n- c p∂p At±- l - Ø ns‚ Nn¥. Chn- S - ß - f nse C.-Fw. kmdns‚ hy‡n-{]-`mhw icn°pw Bfp-Iƒ DƒsIm-
.co
hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS hnZy-`ymk ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw hf¿®bpw hnP-b-ß- ≈p-∂Xv ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gm-
fp-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ \nXm¥ kz]v\w. Ah I≠m-Wv B Wv. a‰p-≈-h¿°n-S-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Akm[m-c-WXzw Ahn-sS-
IÆp-I-fn¬ Ipfncv hoWn-cp-∂-Xv. \n-∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pd-Øp-h∂ - n-cp-∂X - v. Zo¿L-Imew At±-lt- Øm-sSm∏w
da
tPmen sNøm≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn. icn°pw B hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚
Bgw a\-n-em-°m≥ km[n-®n´p≠v. A‰w ImWmØ Hcp alm kmK-
da
c-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. sIan-kv{Sn-bn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√; F√m
hnj-b-ß-fn-epw.
hu
Unkn- π n- t \- d n- b ≥ F∂mWv hfsc Npcp°n Rm≥ At±-
hu
lsØ°pdn®v ]d-bp-∂X - v. A®-S° - hpw HXp-°hpw Nn´-bpw kzbw
A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw Ah a‰p-f-f-h-cn¬, hninjy hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬
rul
ImWm≥ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
rul
samØw Imº-kns\ km∂n-[yw-sIm≠v im¥-am-°nb GI
hy‡n A∂v C.-Fw. kmdm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Imº-kn¬ Fhn-sS-
sb¶nepw D≠m-bm¬Xs∂ Ipń-Iƒ im¥-cm-Ipw. ka-chpw ap{Zm-
da
hm- I yhpambn t]mIp∂ hnZym¿Yn- I ƒ hsc Hmô- k n\p

apºn¬\n∂p hnfn-®mepw C.-FΩ - ns‚ dqan\v apºn-se-Øn-bm¬ ap{Zm-
da
hmIyw \n¿Øpw. A{X-am-{Xw BZ-chpw AXn¬\n-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Hcp
Xcw `b-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F√m-h¿°pw At±-l-tØm-Sv.
w.
F√m Un∏m¿Svsa‚nse Ipń-Ifpw Hcpt]mse kmsd BZ-cn-
w.
°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. km[-mcW Cß-s\-
sbm-cmƒ Imº-kn-ep-≠m-hpI {]bm-k-am-Wv. F√m-hcpw kz¥w
ww
Un∏m¿Svsa‚nse A[ym-]I - sc am{Xsa ]cn-KW - n-°p-Ib

- p-≈q. AXn-
ww
\m¬, C.Fw k¿hm-Zc - W
- o-b\ - mbn \ne-sIm-≠p.
hfsc im¥-am-bn, ]Iz-X-tbm-sS-bp≈ C.Fw kmdns‚ B
t\m´w aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p ]e-t∏mgpw Imº-kns\ samØw im¥-am-
°m≥. {]oUn{Kn tX¿Uv {Kq]nse hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ t]mepw At±-
lsØ `hy-X-tbm-sS-bmWv kao-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
km¿ ac-W-s∏´Xdn™v Kƒ^v \mSp-I-fn¬\n∂p A\-h-[n-
]q¿hhnZym¿Yn- I ƒ Fs∂ hnfn- ® n- c p- ∂ p. AXn¬ an°- h cpw
sIankv{Sn Un∏m¿Svsa‚n¬ ]Tn-®h - cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. F√m-h¿°pw Hcp-
122 123
v Iw
t]mse At±-lt- Øm-Sp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kvt\l-am-Wv CXv hy‡-am-°p- apPm-ln-ZpIfpw kp∂n-I-fn¬\n∂v c≠v hn`m-Khpw Pam-AØpw
∂-Xv. F√mw D≠m-bn-cp∂ Imº-kn¬ Hcmƒ t]mepw At±-lsØ Aß-
Hcn- ° ¬ tami- a mbn {Ukv sNbv X v , A®- S - ° - c - l n- X - a mbn s\-sbmcp te_en¬ kao-]n-°p-Itbm a\-n-em-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp s]Ïpń C.-Fw. kmdns‚ {i≤-bn¬ s]´p. cp-∂n-√. At±lw F√m-h¿°pw kpk-ΩX - \pw k¿hmw-Ko-Ir-X\
- p-am-
At±lw DSs\ Ahsf Ãm^v dqan¬ hnfn-∏n-®p. Rm\pw At∏mƒ bn-cp-∂p. aXkwL-S\m `n∂-X-Itfm, cm{„ob Nn¥m hyXym-k-ß-
m
ASp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-tfmSv \mSpw hoSpw tNmZn-®p. D∏sb tfm bmsXm∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ kzoIm-cy-X°p apºn¬ {]Xn-_-
‘-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
m
Ipdn®pw DΩsb Ipdn®pw tNmZn-®p. ho´p-Im-cy-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ tNmZn-
®-dn-™p. am\-kn-I-ambn ASpØv B Ipń-bpsS F√m ]›m-Ø- Rßƒ hfsc ASp-∏-Ønepw kvt\l-Øn-ep-ambncp∂p. ]e-
.co
ehpw a\-n-em-°n. tijw, sas√ hnj-bØ - n-te°v IS-∂p. Ckvem- t∏mgpw Rm≥ At±- l sØ hnfn- ° m- d p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. At±lw
.co
an¬ Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ Ipdn®v kwkm-cn-®p. apkvenw-I- Fs∂bpw hnfn-°p-w. ]eXpw N¿® sNøp-Ibpw Xami ]d-bp-Ibpw
sf∂ \ne°v \mw A\p-h¿Øn-t°≠ Nn´-I-sfbpw kz`m-h-ß- sNøp-w.
sfbpw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p. IpØ-gn™v PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ `hn- tImsf-Pn¬ {]tXyI ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-≠m-Ip-tºm-sg√mw Rm≥
da
jy- Ø p- I ƒ ]d- ™ p- s Im- S p- Ø p. Npcp- ß nb t\cw am{Xw. B At±-lsØ £Wn°pw. t^m¨ sNøp-tºmƒ GsX-¶nepw aqe-
ssienbpw `mhhpw I≠v Rm≥ A¬`p-Xs - ∏-´p. bn¬ h√ ]cn-]m-Sn-bntem at‰m Bbn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬, kabw ]d-
da
Ipd®p Znh-kß - ƒ Ign-™p-t]m-bn. B s]Ïpń-bpsS Pohn- ™m¬ IrXyka-bØp Xs∂ At±lw ChnsS FØpw. sI´-gn-
X-Øn¬ henb ]cn-h¿Ø\w {]I-S-am-bn. A®-S-°-ap≈ PohnXw °m-\m-hmØ h√ {]iv\-ßfpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcp-tºmƒ
hu
h∂p. hkv{Xw apJ-a° - \
- bpw ^pƒ ssI {Ukpw Bbn. CsXm∂pw At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´m-Wv Rm≥ ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂-
hu
km¿ ]d-™n-´p-t]m-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]s£, s]Ïpń D]-tZ-i- Xv. ÿm]-\h - p-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]ptcm-Ka - \ {]h¿Ø-\ß - sf°pdn®p
Øns‚ [z\n DƒsIm≠v Pohn-Xs - sien Xs∂ am‰m≥ Xøm-dm-bn. N¿® sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xo¿Øpw bp‡n-]q¿Æhpw ]n¥p-S-cm≥
rul
Rm\nXv I≠v Hcn-°¬ IqSn AXv`pXkvX_v[\ - m-bn. C.-Fw. kmdns\ A\p-tbm-Py-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ.
I≠v Rm≥ Imcyw ]d-™p. B Ipń h√msX amdn-bn-´p-s≠∂pw Fs∂, kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw F∂pw Hcp am¿KZ¿in- b psS
rul
\∂m-bn-´p-s≠∂pw Adn-bn-®p. km¿ hfsc kuay\pw k¥p-jvS-\p- ÿm\Ømbn-cp∂p km¿.
am-bn-cp∂p At∏mƒ. "Ahƒ°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°¬ Fs‚ DØ-c- ]n.-Fk- v.F
- w.H. Aepw-\nbp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Nne ]ncnhv Imcy-
da
hm-Zn-Xzam-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Rm≥ sNbvXp. A{X-am-{Xw. Ah-fn¬ am‰- ßƒ N¿® sNøm-\mbn Hcn-°¬ At±-l-Øns‚ hoń¬ sN∂p.
ap-≠m-sb-¶n¬ A¬lw-Zp-en-√m-lv. A√m-lp-hn\v \µn.' km¿ hfsc a‰p ]ecpw IqsS-bp-≠m-cp-∂p. I≠-t∏mƒ Xs∂ At±lw CXn¬
da
kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS ]d-™p. hfsc Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. am{X-a√ - , DSs\ Rß-tfm-sSm∏w Bfp-
Imº-kns‚ Hcp AØm-Wn-bm-bn-cp∂p km¿. At±lw Ahn- Isf ImWm≥ Cd-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. km¿ Rß-tfm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-
w.
sS-bp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ F√m-h¿°pw Hcp \n¿`-bX - z-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]n≥kn- bn-cp-∂Xv hen-sbmcp t\´hpw A\p-{K-hp-am-bn-. GsXm-cm-fpsS
w.
∏ƒ hsc ]e Imcy-ßfpw At±-lh - p-ambn N¿® sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp- ASpØp t]mbmepw Rßƒ°v H∂pw ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cp-∂n-√. "_m∏p
∂p. hnjbß-sfms° ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xnepw \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ h∂n-´p-≠.v ..' F∂v ]d™v F√m-hcpw Rßsf kzoI-cn®v B\bn-
ww
kzoI-cn-°p-∂X - nepw A]m-camb Ign-hm-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - n-\v. CXn- °pw. Imcy-ßƒ tNmZn-®d - n-bpw. tami-a√ - mØ hen-sbmcp XpIbpw
se-√mw, F√m-hcpw At±lsØ kΩ-Xn-®n-cp-∂p. kw`m-h-\-bm-bn \¬Ipw. hfsc hnPb{]Z-ambncp∂p At±-l-tØm-
ww
A[ym-]I - ¿°n-Sb- n¬ Fs¥-¶nepw sNdnb {]iv\ß - ƒ cq]-s∏- sSm-∏-ap-≈ B bm{X. At±-l-Øn\v \mńepw ]cn-k-c-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-
´m¬ hsc At±-l-amWv ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Gsd Bcpw ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ AwKo-Im-cØ - ns‚ Bgw Rm≥ A∂mWv icn°v a\-
Adn-bmsX, hfsc cl-ky-ambn At±lw AXv ]cn-lc - n-°p-w. C.-F- n-em-°p-∂-Xv.
Ωns‚ km∂n[yw sIm≠p-am{Xw ]e-{]-iv\-ßfpw ]cn-lr-X-am-bn-´p- ]e-cn¬ \n∂pw hncp-≤-am-bn, F√m-h-scbpw a\-n-em-°m\pw
≠v. Dƒs°m-≈m-\p-ap≈ Hcp hnime a\-p-≠m-bn-cp∂p C.-F-Ωn-\v.
tImsf-Pn\v hensbmcp apX¬°q-´m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Hcm-sfbpw At±lw am‰n \n¿Øp-Itbm thZ-\n-∏n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-
{]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ. Hcp kp∂n BZ¿i-°m-c\ - m-bn-cp∂p km¿. ]s£, √. ]n.-Fk - v.F
- w.-Hb- n¬\n∂v At±lw CS-°p-Xs∂ ]ncn™p-t]m-Ip-
124 125
v Iw
∂Xv ChnsS B¿°pw CjvSa - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]ecpw At±-lt- ØmSv
C°mcyw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. A{X-am{Xw km¿ ChnsS F√m-
h-scbpw kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p.
kmdns‚ ac-W-Øn-eqsS h∂ iq\yX A]m-cw-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]e-
ta-Je- I
- f- nepw AXv \ng-en-®p-I≠ - p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. km¿ ac-Ws - ∏´
m
Znhkw Xs∂ Rm≥ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-t]m-bn. C.-Fw. A\pIc-Wob\mb hIp-∏p-ta-[mhn
s{]m^. kn.-]n. apl-ΩZv Ipń
m
kmdns‚ aønØv Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ sIm≠p-h∂ ka-bw. h≥ P\m-
h-en-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahn-sS. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \nkvImcw Ign™v,
.co
B¿°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂p ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn- ]n.-Fk - v.F
- w.H tImsf-Pn¬ sIankv{Sn Un∏m¿Svsa‚n\v sFU‚n-
.co
\m¬, hnZqc Zn°p-If - n¬\n-∂p-sa-Ønb kmdns‚ ]e hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw ‰nbpw ]ptcmK-Xnbpw ssIh-∂Xv C.-Fw. kmdns‚ Ime-Øm-Wv. XpS-
\ncm-ic - m-bn. Ah-sc√mw ]n∂oSv HmSn-sb-Øn-bXv ]pXp-∏d - ºnte-°m- °w- ap-X¬ Imºkv hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂X - p-hsc At±-lw-Xs - ∂-bm-bn-cp∂p
Wv. aønØv Xo¿®-bmbpw ImWn-°W - s- a-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Bh- hIp∏v ta[m-hn. Imº-kn¬ Npa-Xe - t- b-‰Xv apX¬ t]mIp-∂X - p-hsc
da
iyw. F∂m¬, ]ecpw AXv CjvSs - ∏-ń-ń-√. ImWn-t°-≠X - n-√m-sb- Hcp Un∏m¿Svsa‚n¬ slUmbn \n∂ A]q¿hw Nne-cn¬ Hcm-fm-Wv
∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS hmZw. Ah-km\w kwkm-c-am-bn. ImWn-°- At±-lw. Un∏m¿Svsa‚n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØv Hcp ]pØ-\p-
da
W-sa∂pw ImWn-t°-≠X - n-s√-∂pw. s]s´-∂v, B¿°pw ]cn-lc - n-°m- W¿hpw ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw km[y-am-bn.
\m-hmØ {]iv\w t]mse. AXn-\n-sS, Iq´-Øn¬ Hcmƒ hnfn-®p-]-
hu
]n.Un.-kn-bnepw Un{Kn-bnepw km¿ Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. h√m-
d™p:
sØmcp loenwKv S®m-bn-cp∂p B ¢mkp-I-fn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-ń-cp-∂-
hu
""F√m-hcpw im¥-cm-hp-I. \ΩpsS Cu {]iv\w ]cn-lc - n-t°- Xv. AtXm-sSm∏w kmdn-t\mSv am\-kn-Ia - mbn h√msX ASp-°p-Ibpw
≠n-bn-cp∂ Bƒ C∂v \tΩm-sSm∏w Poh-t\msS C√. AXn-\m¬ sNbv X n- c p- ∂ p. hfsc hnim- e hpw Bg- Ø n- e p- ≈ - X pam- b n- c p∂p
rul
F√m-hcpw kzbw \nb-{¥n-X-cm-hp-I...'' kmdns‚ hnj-b-hn-h-cw. ]e-cp-sSbpw ¢mkp-Iƒ kne-_-kns\
Gsd Nn¥n-∏n-°pIbpw Ic-bn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøn-°p∂ Hcp am{Xw Np‰n-∏-‰n-bmWv D≠m-hpI. F∂m¬, kmdns‚ ¢mkp-Iƒ
rul
kwkm-c-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. B henb a\p-jys‚ th¿]m-tSmsS h∂ hnj-bß - f- psS Bg-ßf - n-te°v Cd-ßn-t∏m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. GXp Nm]v‰-
iq\y-X hy‡-amb {]Ya L´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. dm-sW-¶nepw AXns\ A\p-`h - t- h-Zy-am°n Xcp-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.
da
t^m¿ap-e-Ifpw CtIz-j-\p-Ifpw XØz-ßƒ hn´v {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-

´m-bn-cp∂p At±lw Ah-Xc - n∏n®n-cp-∂X - v. Aß-s\-Øs - ∂-bm-bn-cp∂p
da
]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xpw. sIan-kv{Sn-bm-bn-´p-t]mepw kc-f-amb Ah-X-c-W-
Øn-eqsS hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS a\w-I-h-cm≥ At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p.
w.
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn¬ aq∂v˛\mev h¿j-tØmfw Ãm^v
w.
¢_v {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. Ãm^v ¢∫v hfsc tim`n®p
\n∂ Hcp Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ]e ]pXnb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw ¢mkp-
ww
Iƒ°pw Imºkv BZy-ambn km£n-bm-bn. C°m-eØv A[ym-]-
ww
I¿°mbn hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-amb A\-h[n ¢mkp-Ifpw h¿Ivtjm-]p-
Ifpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. kmdns‚ I¿tΩm’p-IX - bpw
Du¿P-kz-eX - b- p-am-bn-cp∂p CXns\√mw ]n∂n¬.
1979 emWv sIankv{Sn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn
D¬Lm-S\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. apºpw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ D≠m-bn-cp-
s∂-¶nepw HutZym-Kn-I-amb DZvLm-S-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-sfm∂pw \S-∂n-cp-
∂-√. A∂v Rm\mbn-cp∂p {]kn-U‚ v. A∂m-WnXv IqSp-X¬ ]pjvSn-
s∏´v cwKØv h∂n-cp-∂X - v. D¬Lm-S\ - Ø- n\pw XpS¿∂p-sams° kmº-
126 127
v Iw
Øn-Ia - mb Bh-iy-ßƒ hcp-tºm-sg√mw At±lw kzbw Imiv FSp-
ØmWv ]e-t∏mgpw k÷o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hfsc kv{SnIv‰m-bn-cp∂p km¿. hfsc
IrXy-amb ssien-Ifpw \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-amWv At±lw kzoI-cn-®Xv.
DØ- c - h m- Z n- Ø - t _m- [ - t Øm- s S- Ø s∂ ¢mkp- I ƒ FSp- ° p- I bpw
m
sNøpw. bmsXm-cp-hn[ AUvP-Ãp-sa‚n\pw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. s]mXp-ka- q-lØ
- n-te-°p≈ knPn-bpsS ]mew
m
tImsf-Pns‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ F∂pw GsXm-cmƒ°pw amXr-Ib - m- tUm. F._n. sambvXo≥ Ipń
°m≥ ]‰nb Bfm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. At±-l-Øn¬ Aan-X-amtbm
.co
Ipd-hmtbm bmsXm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F√m hnti-j-W-ßfpw anX-
.co
amb tXmXn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp-≠m-hpI hfsc A]q¿ham-Wv. Bcpan√mØh¿°v A√mlp XpW F∂v ]dbmdnt√? knPnsb
BcpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-Ømepw GsXmcp hnj-b-Ønepw Abmƒ H∂p- kw_‘n®nStØmfw k∂nKv[ L´ßfn¬ C.Fw. XpWbpw am¿K
In¬ Xmsg-bm-bn-cn°pw. As√-¶n¬ apI-fn-em-bn-cn-°pw. ]s£, C.- Z¿inbpambncp∂p.
da
Fw. F√m-‰nepw anXXzw \ne-\n¿Øn. Hcn- ° ¬ Hmôkn¬ t]mIm\ncn°ptºmgmWv aºmSv
tImsfPnse A[ym]I≥ km_nJns‚ t^m¨. C∂v ae∏pdw Pn√m
da
ck- X - { ¥- Ø nse km[m- c - W-bp-≠m-Ip∂ ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬
AKm[ \n]p-W\pw X¬]-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂p km¿. ]e ]pXnb ]co- hnZym¿YnIymºv {Ik‚n¬ tNcpIbmWv. IrXyw ]Øv aWn°v
Iymºv XpSßpw. ss_°v Ab°pw, ]cn]mSn DZvLmS\w sNbvXp
hu
£- W - ß - f n- t e°pw IS- ∂ p- s N√pw. D]- t bm- K - s ∏- S p- Ø n- b n- c p- ∂ p.
em_ns‚ ]cn-jvI-c-W-ß-fnepw hnI-k-\-Ønepw At±lw A∂v \√- XcWw. ]Øv an\n‰p sIm≠v Xncn®v t]mImw. FXn¿°mt\m Hgnhv
hu
t]mse {i≤ ]Xn-®p. s]m´p-Itbm \in-®p-Xp-S-ßp-Itbm sNbvXn- ]dbmt\m Ignbp∂Xn∂v apºv t^m¨ I´mbncp∂p. IrXyw
cp∂ ]e D]-Ic - W
- ß
- fpw Dcp°n ]pXnb ]eXp-ap-≠m-°n- em_n¬ ]Øn\p ho≠pw t^m¨, kwKXn BsI {]iv\amWv. Adp]tXmfw
rul
Xs∂ D]- t bm- K n®p At±- l w. AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X - s ∂, em_nse IpńIsfØnbn´p≠v. AhcpsS c£nXm°fpap≠v. ]t£, ]cn]mSn
bmsXm∂pw shbvÃm-bn-√. {Ik‚ n¬ \n∂pw DSs\ am‰Ww. As√¶n¬ CSs]SWw.
rul
_lpam\ycmb {Ik‚ v amt\P¿ tUm. bp.hn.sI. aplΩZv
F√m-‰nepw Zo¿L-ho-£W - hpw Bg-Øn-ep≈ Ign-hp-am-bn-cp∂p
kmln_v, tUm. F≥.F.Fw A–p¬ JmZ¿ F∂nhscsbms°
At±-l-Øn-\v. ]pXp-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂p B Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X.
da
hnfn°m≥ {ians®¶nepw F√mhcpw ]cn[n°v ]pdØmbncp∂p.

sIankv{Sn Un∏m¿Svsa‚ v ta[mhn F∂ \ne°v C∂v {]h¿Øn- hy‡n_‘ap≈ Fkv.hn. aplΩZen, jmlp¬ laoZv ta¬apdn
da
°p-tºmƒ an° {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw C.-Fw. kmdns\bmWv Rm≥ F∂nhscbpw ss{S sNbvXp t\m°n. \mkvXn.
amXr-I-bmbn kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥-Ifpw t{]c-W-
c≠pw I¬]n®v C.FΩns\ hnfn®p. ]et∏mgpw a\ns‚
w.
Ifpw am¿K-\n¿tZ-iß - fpw A∂v A{X-am{Xw aqey-ap-≈X - m-bn-cp-∂p.

D≈n¬ ]pe¿Ønbncp∂ HcmZchp ImcWw C.FΩns\ hnfn®p
C∂pw Ah ]pXn-bX - p-Xs- ∂-bm-Wv. Hcn-°epw Ime-lc - W
- s - ∏-ń-ń-√.
w.
_p≤napń°¬ AXy]q¿hambncp∂p. Atß Xe°¬ c≠v
At±lw A∂v Ft∂mSv hmbn-°m≥ ]d™ ]e ]pkvXI - ß
- fpw
s_√Sn®s∏mtg°pw C.Fw. t^m¨ FSpØp. Imcyw AhXcn∏n®p.
C∂pw {]k-‡-am-Wv. C∂pw sIankv{Sn temIØv Bg-Øn¬ hmbn-
ww
]cnlmcw D≠m°msa∂ BizmkhN\w ImXn¬ a{¥[z\nbmbn

°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-.
apgßn. At∏mgpw am\yXbpsSbpw HutZymKnIXbpsSbpw t]cn¬
ww
F∂pw A]vsU-bv‰-Umbn Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw AUzm≥kvUmbn Ahdp amtjmSv IqSn kΩXw hmßnbn´v HutZymKnI adp]Sn
{]h¿Øn-°pbpw sNbvX Akm-[m-c-W-amsbmcp ⁄m\IpXpIn Xcmsa∂v ]d™t∏mƒ C.FΩnt\mSp≈ _lpam\w F{X
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. B Hcp amXr-I-bmWv C∂pw Fs∂ IqSnsb∂v F\n°dnbn√.
apt∂m´v \bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. At±lw XpS-ßn-sh® ]e Imcy-
C.Fw knPnbpsS BcmsW∂v tNmZn®m¬ Hcp adptNmZyamWv
ß-fp-am-Wv C∂pw Rß-ƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v.
DØcw, C.Fw knPnbpsS Bc√mXncn°Ww. sk‚¿ t^m¿
C≥^¿taj≥ B‚ v ssKU≥kv. kam\ a\kvIcmb Hcp kwLw
hnZym`ymk kmaqlnI {]h¿ØIcpsS Iq´mbv a . XpS°w
128 129
v Iw
apXep≈ AwKw F∂ \nebn¬ knPnbpsS hnImk ae_mdns‚ ]nt∂m° Ahÿsb ]‰n ]dbm≥ Ibdnbndßm≥
]cnWmaßfn¬ C.FΩn\v \n¿WmbI ]¶p≠v. knPn Pn√m kanXn At±lw bmsXmcp aSnbpw ImWn®ncp∂n√. kabØns‚ {]iv\w
AwKw, Pn√m {]knU‚ ,v knPn kwÿm\ kanXn AwKw, sshkv am{Xambncp∂p At±lØns‚ {]h¿Ø\Ønse GI XSw.
{]knU‚ v F∂o \neIfn¬ C.Fw sNbvX tkh\ßƒ FÆn kw`h _lpehpw I¿a\ncXhpamb PohnXØn\nS°v
]dbmhp∂XmWv . knPn°v ae∏pdØv Hmôkv hcp∂Xnepw HmtcmcpØ¿°pw ]¶psh°m≥ kabw XnIbmsX h∂Xn¬
m
ae∏pdØv knPn°v ta¬ hnemkw D≠m°nbXnepw Ahdp At±lØn\v ZpxJambncp∂p. Hcp]s£ kaqlnI
amtjmsSm∏tam Nnet∏msg¶nepw AXn\p apIfntem BWv
m
{]h¿Ø\Ønep≈ Bflm¿YXbpw sNøp∂ tPmentbmSp≈
C.FΩns‚ ÿm\w. C∂p kz¥ambn hcpam\ap≈ knPnbpsS Iqdpambncn°mw At±lsØ hf≠dn dn´b¿sa‚n\p t{]cn∏n®Xv.
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c≠v Pn√m kanXnIfn¬ H∂v C.FΩns‚ ae∏pdw Pn√m kanXnbmWv.
C.Fw. knPnbpsS {]h¿ØI¿°v hgnImń Bbncp∂psh∂v
Pn√bpsS Bhiyw I≠dn™v _lpam\y\mb inlm_v XßfpsS
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Npcp°n∏dbmw. C.FΩn\v ÿm\am\ßƒ Ae¶mcambncp∂n√.
Bio¿hmZtØmsS kuP\yambn X∂ sIńSØn¬ XpSßnb
AXn\memWv sNdp∏°mcmb knPn {]h¿ØItcmsSm∏w
knPn ae∏pdw Pn√mkwLØn\v ]n∂oSv Xncn™v t\mt°≠n
Imk¿tKmUpw ]me°mSpw FdWmIpfØpw At±lw HmSn
da
h∂nń√. hnPbt`cnbnepw, ]n.Fkv.kn tIm®nßnepw
\S∂Xv. A∂v At±lØns‚ hen∏hpw alXzhpw {]h¿ØI¿
At±lØns‚ tkh\w AhnX¿°nXamWv.
Adn™ncn°Wsa∂n√. C.FΩns‚ acWhm¿Ø Adn™v
da
t]m¿´v t^mfntbm A\pkcn®v c≠v {]mhiyw knPnbpsS tImbºØq¿ Bip]{Xnbn¬ t]mb ]me°mSv Pn√bpsS
sshkv {]knU‚ v Bbncp∂ C.Fw knPnbpsS Nne \n¿ÆmbI {]knU‚pw {]h¿ØIcpw ]d™Xv C.FΩns‚ alXzw Adn™Xv
hu
Xocpam\ßfn¬ XXzm[njvTnX kao]\w sIm≠v GhcpsSbpw {i≤ AhnsS IqSnbhcn¬ \n∂pamsW∂mWv.
hu
BI¿jn®ncp∂p.
Hcp ImcywIqSnbp≠v. C.Fw. ss{S\nwKv sImSp°p∂tXmsSm∏w
knPnbpsS hm¿jnI _P‰ns\°pdn®v ImSv Ibdnb N¿® ss{S\nwKn\v hnt[bhpambncp∂p. {]kwKn°p∂tXmsSm∏w
rul
\S∂t∏mƒ, t]mb ImesØ _P‰ns\°pdn®v \ncq]Ww {]kwKw tIƒ°m\pw Xømdmbncp∂p. D]tZin°p∂tXmsSm∏w
\S∂t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™ Hcp hm°mWv N¿®°v D]tZiw tIƒ°m\pw Xømdmbncp∂p. \n¿tZin°p∂tXmsSm∏w
rul
kam]\ambXv. "F√m {]ÿm\ßƒ°pw kz¥amb hcpam\an \n¿tZißƒ ]men°m\pw Xømdmbncp∂p.
√msX kw`mh\bn¬ Imcyßƒ \SØptºmƒ k¿°mdns‚ _P‰v
C.Fw acn°p∂Xn\v Hcp amkw apºv kn._n.Fkv . Fkv
da
t]mse ISpw]nSpØw th≠.' CØcw DZmckao]\hpw

ÿm]\ßfpsS tae[nImcnIƒ°v th≠n C¥ybnse ss{S\nwKv
kpNn¥nXamb Xocpam\ßfpamWv C.FΩns\ a‰p≈hcn¬ \n∂p
da
cwKsØ {]apJsc ]s¶Sp∏n®v knPn \SØnb aq∂v ZnhksØ
hyXykvX\m°p∂Xv.
dknU≥jy¬ ss{S\nwKn¬ apgpkab s]bv U v ]m¿ńkn∏‚ v
C.FΩn\pw Cubp≈h\pw knPnbpsS FIv k nIyqóhv
w.
Bbncp∂p A[ym]IcpsS A[ym]I\pw s{]m^kdpambncp∂

UbdIvS¿ Ajvd^n\pambncp∂p ]ªnIv dntejs‚ NpaXe. C.Fw.
w.
ae∏pdw Pn√bnse knPn {]h¿Ø\hpambn _‘s∏´v
B C.FΩns‚ hntbmKw ]e kwLS\Isfbpw
_lpam\ycmb Ip™men°pń kmln_ns\bpw ]mW°ms´
hy‡nIsfbpw t]mse knPn°pw \„amsW∂ tIhe
ww
Xß∑mscbpw ImWm≥ t]mIptºmƒ C.FΩns\ ]cnNbap≈

{]kv X mh\°∏pdamWv C.FΩpw knPnbpw XΩnep≈ Bfl
[mcmfw BfpIƒ D≠mImdp≠v . t\Xm°tfmSv t\cn´v Ibdn
ww
_‘w. F¥mbmepw knPnbn¬ C.Fans‚ ÿm\w
Imcyßƒ ]dbmhp∂XpamWv. F∂mepw C.Fw HXpßn \n∂v Xs‚
]qcn∏n°s∏SmsX Gsd \mƒ InS°pw. s]mXpkaqlapambn
Dugw hcptºmƒ am{XamWv A`napJØn\v t]mIpI. Dt±in®
knPnsb CW°nbncp∂ khntij IÆnbmbncp∂p At±lw.
Imcyßƒ hfsc hrØnbmbn HXp°n AS°n AhXcn∏n°pIbpw
sNøpw. AXmWv C.Fw. AtX {Iahpw Xmfhpw Xs∂bmWv a{¥n
]semfnsb ImtW≠n h∂t∏mgpw C.FΩn\v D≠mbncp∂Xv.
apPmlnZv sk‚dnepw PamAØv Hmôknepw a‰p cm{„ob
]m¿ńIfpsS HmôkpIfnepw hnZym`ymk˛sXmgn¬ taJeIfnse
130 131
v Iw
aKvcn_v hsc \o≠p-t]m-Ipw. B kwkm-c-Øn\pw emfn-Xy-Øn\pw
ap∂n¬ ]e- t ∏mgpw Rm≥ A¬`p- X - s ∏- ´ p- \ n- ∂ n- ´ p- ≠ v . C∆n[w
RßtfmSv ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Im≥ Fßs\ km[n-°p-∂p-sh∂v hnkva-
b-s∏-ń-´p≠v. At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w sNbvX sNdnb sNdnb bm{X-I-
sf√mw Aaq-ey-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. \√ Bg-ap≈ hy‡n-bm-b-Xn-\m¬
Bg-ap-≈X
- n-\m¬ B IS-en¬ Xnc-If- n-√m-bn-cp-∂p...
m
Ae-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂m¬, Hmtcm hm°pw hn⁄m-\{- ]-Za - m-
apl-ΩZv e_o_v lpZhn bn-cp-∂p.
m
kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS kZp-t±-iy-tØm-sS-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-
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2002 se sabv amkw. sf√mw C_m-ZØ - m-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ \nøØv \∂m-°W - s
- a∂pw
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tIm´-°¬ ^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqfn¬ A[ym-]I fpl¿ \nkv I m- c m- \ - ¥ cw Ipń- I sf D]- t Z- i n- ° p- w . IrXy- a mbn
C‚¿hyq \S-°p-∂p. {]n≥kn-∏-fpsS dqan¬ sN√p-tºmƒ C.-Fw. \nkvImcw \n¿hln-°p-Ibpw {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ henb
km¿ ]p©n-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. I≠-]msS Fs‚ t]sc-Sp-Øp- henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Bfl-hn-izm-k-ap-≠m-Ip-
da
hn-fn-®p. H∂c h¿jw apºv I≠-XmWv; t]cv ad-∂n-ń-√. kt¥mjw sa∂pw Ah \n¿hln-°m≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ klmbap≠m-Ip-sa∂pw
CS-°nsS Hm¿an-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
da
tXm∂n.
B h¿jw Pq¨ A©n\v ^mdq-Jn¬ A[ym-]I - \
- mbn tPmen Ign™ h¿jw ^mdqJv _ncpZhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS \mjW¬
k¿hokv kvIow kvs]jy¬ kvIow ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-®-
hu
XpS-ßn-b-Xp-ap-X¬ acW Znhkwhsc At±-l-hp-ambn hfsc ASp-
∏-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. A]-ISw kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xns‚ GXm\pw aWn-°q- t∏m-gmWv kz¥w \m´p-Im¿ At±-lsØ F{X-am{Xw kvt\ln-°p-
hu
dp-Iƒ°p apºv Fs∂ t^mWn¬ hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. c≠p Znhkw ∂p-sh∂v Rm≥ Xncn-®-dn-™-Xv. ]pXp-∏-d-ºp-Im¿ kvt\l-tØmsS
kvIqfn¬ D≠m-In-s√∂pw Ipń-I-fpsS fpl¿ \nkvImcw {i≤n-°- "_m∏p-hns‚ Ipń-Iƒ' F∂mWv A[ym-]-I-scbpw hnZym¿Yn-I-
rul
W-sa∂pw ]d-™p. GXp Xnc-°n-\n-Sb - nepw At±lw hnfn-®m¬ HmSn- sfbpw hnfn-®-Xv. _m∏p Ah¿°v kvt\lw \nd™ \m´p-Im-c-W-
hcpw am-[yÿ-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
rul
sb-Øp∂ Hcp Sow Bbn-cp∂p ^mdq-Jnse A[ym-]-I¿. Rß-tfm-
S-t±lw tae-[n-Im-cn-bpsS kzc-Øn¬ H∂pw ASn-t®¬]n-°n-√m-bn- XnI™ `‡-\m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. hnizmk]chpw BZ¿i-
cp-∂p. F∂m¬, F√m Imcy-ßƒ°pw Im¿an-IXzw hln®v Sow eoU- ]-c-hp-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ Hcp hn´p-ho-gvN°pw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√.
da
dpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-tØmsS Ft∏mgpw IqsSbp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \njvI-f-¶-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ kvt\l{]I-S-\-ßƒ. B

kvt\l-Øns‚ Hcp {]tNm-Z\w Ft∏mgpw F\n°v Inń-s°m-≠n-cn-
da
Nne ac-W-ßƒ \ap°v henb \jvS-ß-fm-Ip-∂Xv Ah-cpsS
Pohn-XI - m-eØv \mw kq£n-®n-cp∂ lrZb _‘-ßƒ°-\p-kc - n-®m- °p-∂p.
w.
Wv. hy‡n-]-c-ambn F\n-°p-≠mb G‰hpw henb \jvS-amWv C.-Fw. kmdn-√mØ ^mdqJv timI-aq-Ia - m-Wv. hcm-¥b - n¬ At±-
kmdns‚ ac-Ww. ^mdqJv F\n°v F∂pw Fs‚ hoSp-t]m-se-bmWv l-Øns‚ Im¬s∏-cp-am‰w Ct∏mgpw Xßn-\n¬°p-∂p. Ãm^v dqan-
w.
A\p-`h - s- ∏-´X
- v. Imc-Ww, Hcp ]nXm-hns‚ kvt\l hm’-ey-ßt- fmsS te°v tKmhWn Ibdnt∏mIp-tºmƒ C\nbpw At±lw ]n∂n¬\n∂v
C.-Fw. kmdns‚ ]n¥pW Ft∏m-gp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂pw ]pXnb hnfn-°p-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂p. kpJ-hn-h-c-ßƒ Xnc-°p-sa∂pw ]pXnb
ww
]pXnb Imcy-ß-fmWv At±lw kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F\n°v H´pw ]pXnb Imcy-ßƒ ]d-™p-X-cp-sa-∂pw Hcpƒhnfn. As√-¶nepw
ww
]cn-N-b-an-√mØ ]e hgn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw At±lw Fs∂ sIm≠p-t]m- ]pXnb A[y-b\ h¿j-Øn-te°v kvIqƒ DW-cp-tºmƒ, BZysØ
bn. B hgn-I-sf√mw hnkvabw \nd-™-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. H∏p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {]≥kn-∏-epsS tai-°-cn-In¬ sN√p-tºmƒ,
Rm≥ hoń¬ t]mImØ Nne Znh-kß - f
- n¬ Ak¿ \a-kvImcw ]pXnb ssSw tS_nƒ Xcm≥ At±lw Cs√∂v Fß-s\-bmWv hniz-
Ign™v F{X-sb{X Xh-Wb - mWv At±-lt- Øm-sSm∏w kwkm-cn-®n- kn-°p-I...!
cp-∂n´p≈ -Xv! B kwkm-c-ßƒs°m∂pw bmsXmcp Hu]-Nm-cnI
kz`m-hhpw C√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ A`n-ap-Ja - mbn C´ Itk-cI - fpw
Bh-iy-ambn√. an° Znh-k-ß-fnepw kvIqƒ {Ku≠n-\-cn-Inse ac-
®p-h-ń-emWv Rßƒ kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. B CcpØw Nne-t∏mƒ
132 133
v Iw
m
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da
da
hu
hu
rul
rul
da
da
w.
w.
ww
ww ka-\zbw
134 135
v Iw
C.- ap-l-ΩZv kmdpw. CØcw kµ¿i\ thf-I-fn¬ aX-]-c-amb Imcy-
ß-fm-bn-cp∂p ]e-t∏mgpw DW¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Cw•o-jns‚ {Kma¿
hnj-b-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ Ad-_n-hym-I-c-W-Ønse {][m\
{KŸ-amb A¬^n-bb - nse ss_Øp-Iƒ ]mSn At±lw hnZym¿Yn-
Isf Aº-c-∏n-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
]I-c°
- m-c\
- n-√mØ ]cn-jI
v ¿Ømhv
m
tUm.- _-lm-D±- o≥ apl-ΩZv \Zvhn ùXnI hnZym-`ymk taJ-eb - n¬ D∂Xn t\Snb-h¿ s]mXpsh
Bflob[mctbmSv hnc‡n {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. Cu {]h-W-X-bn¬
m
\n∂v ]q¿W-ambpw ap‡-\m-bn-cp∂p C.Fw km¿. A[y-b-\hpw
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kmaq-ln-Ihpw ssh⁄m-\n-I-hp-amb \thm-∞m\w Ncn-{X- A[ym-]-\hpw D¬]-XnjvWp ta[m-hn-Xz-Øn\p Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-
Øns‚ \ntbm-K-sa-t∂mWw kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ AhnsS Hmtcm °p∂ ÿm]-\ß - f- n-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw kz¥w BZ¿iw am‰n-sh-
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in¬]n°pw Xt‚-Xmb {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. Zmdp¬ lpZm Ckvem-anIv °m≥ At±lw Xø-dm-bn-√. ^mdqJv tImsf-Pnse ]T-\I - m-eØv ^¿fv
bq\n-th-gk
v n-‰n-bpsS B{‘ {_m©n-te-°p≈ bm{X-°n-Sb - n¬ hml- t]mepw \nkvI-cn-°mØ kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ kp∂Øv IqSn
\m-]-I-S-Øn¬ ac-W-s∏´ s{]m^. C.ap-l-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚ PohnX \nkvIc - n®v amXrI krjvSn-°m≥ At±-lØ - n\v km[n-®p. aX-]T - \- -
da
ktµ-ihpw Z¿i-\hpw Cusbm-c¿YØn-emWv IqSp-X¬ {]k-‡- Øn¬ Xs‚ Kpcp-hm-bn-cp∂p C.Fw km¿ F∂mWv Hcp kXo¿Yy≥
da
am-hp-∂-Xv. Ct±lw XpS°w apX¬ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse atX-X-c-hn- At±-lsØ A\p-kva-cn-®-Xv.
Zym-`ym-k-hn-`mKw ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncq-c-ßmSn ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn-em-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚
hu
tIc-f apkvenw-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ \thm-∞m-\Ø
- ns‚ ams‰men apg- HutZym-Kn-Im-[ym-]-\w. ]q¿W-ambpw Hcp DXv]-XnjvWp Imº-kmbn
hu
°nb aX-˛`- u-XnI ka-\zb hnZym-`ymk k]-cy°v \mµn Ipdn-°s - ∏- Adn-bs - ∏-ń-cp∂ ImeØpt]mepw BZ¿i-\n-jvT\ - m-bn-Øs∂ A[ym-
´-t∏mƒ Bflob \mb-I-tcmsSm∏w AXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\v ]\w XpS¿∂p. Imº-kn-\I - Øv A[m¿an-IX - t- bmSv Ie-ln-°p∂ Hc-
ap∂n¬ \n∂v {]h¿Øn® \thm-∞m\ in¬]n-bm-bn-cp∂p s{]m^. [ym-]I - \ - m-bmWv injy-KW - ß- ƒ A\p-kvac - n-°p-∂X - v. CtX ÿm]-
rul
C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v. ùXnI hnZym-`ymk cwKØv D∂X ]¿h- \-Øns‚ {][m-\m-[ym-]I ]Z-hn°p th≠ F√m tbmKy-X-Ifpw
rul
ßƒ Xm≠p- t ºmƒ kmap- Z mbnI ]ptcm- K - X n- b psS bYm¿Y ssIh-∂t- ∏mƒ {]kvXpX ]Zhn \ntj-[n-°s - ∏-Sm-\p-≠mb ImcWw
Bflob[mc hnkvac - n-°s
- ∏´p t]mIp∂ C°m-eØv, ùXnI hnZym- At±-l-Øns‚ BZ¿i-{]-Xn-_-≤-X-bm-bn-cp-∂pht{X.
`ym-ksØ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bflob]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Nme-I-am°n
da
\m´p-Im-c≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]pXp-∏d - ºv tZisØ Bflob hnf-

F∂-XmWv C. FΩns‚ PohnX ktµ-iw. °m-bn-cp∂ sFZdqkv apkven-bm-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w At±-l-Øns‚
da
a¿lqw tIm´p-ae A_q-_-Iv¿ apkven-bm¿ ]c-∏-\-ßmSn ]\- Pohn-X-{]-bm-W-Øn¬ \ng-en-®p-I-≠n-cp-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-
bØn¬ Ppap-AØv ]≈n-bn¬ apZ¿-cn-kmbncns° AhnsS C.Fw ń¬ \n∂m-bn-cn-°Ww \thm-∞m-\˛- k - w-kvIc - W {]h¿Ø-\ß - s - f∂
w.
Z¿kv ]T\w \SØnh∂n-cp∂ Imew. A]mc _p≤ni‡nbpw kn.-F®v DkvXm-Zns‚ {]h¿Ø\ am¿K-tcJ C.-F-Ωns‚ Pohn-X-
KWnXØnepw imkv{X-Ønepap≈ XmXv]cyhpw IYm-]p-cp-j-\n¬ sØbpw hgn-\-S-Øn-b-Xmbn ImWm-w. kakvX tIcf PwC-øØ - p¬
w.
Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNbvX DkvXmZv ùXnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ D∂-X- Deam {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp∂ A_vZp¬ _mcn apkven-bm-cpsS am¿K-\n¿tZ-
ww
ß-fn-seØn kap-Zmb tkh\w \S-Øp∂ I¿ass\c-¥-cysØ i-ßƒ sNdp-∏Ø - n¬ e`n-®Xpw At±lw A\p-ka v c
- n-°m-dp-≠.v hnZym-
hmbn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. ùXnI hnZym-`ym-k-tØm-sSm∏w Z¿kv `ymk cwKØv ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bpsS ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂
ww
]T-\hpw apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]m-b Cu BZ¿i-hmZn Hu-tZym-KnI Pohn- ImeØv ˛A-dp-]-Xp-I-fnepw Fgp-]-Xp-I-fnepw˛ Hcp tImsfPv A[ym-
X-Ønse k∂nKv[ L´-ß-fn¬ t]mepw kz¥w \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ ]-I-\p≈ ÿm\w {]uV-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXpw ]mc-ºcyhnizm-kn-
sh≈w tN¿°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ \ns∂mcp hy‡n ùXnI cwKØv D∂Xn ssIh-cn-
ka-\zb hnZym-`ymk cwKØv Hcp almkap-®-b-Øns‚ in¬]n- °p-tºmƒ. C{]-Imcw tim`n-°p-tºmgpw km[m-c-W-°m-tcm-sSm∏w
bmbn C.Fw kmdns\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ CtX hnZym-`ym-k-co- \n∂v {]h¿Øn-°m\pw Ah¿°v am¿K-\n¿tZiw \¬Im\pw Xøm-
Xn-bpsS {]tbm-‡mhv IqSn-bmbn At±-lsØ \ap°v ImWmw. dmbn F∂-XmWv B Pohn-XsØ hyXy-kvXa - m-°p-∂X - v.
Zmdp¬lp-Zm-bpsS hy‡nXz cq]o-IcW Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ ¢mkp-I- al√v Imc-W-h¿ F∂ hnti-jWw ]et∏mgpw Be-¶m-cn-I-
fnse \nXy-k-µ¿i-I-\m-bn-cp∂p kn.-F®v sFZ-dqkv apkven-bmcpw ambn {]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. ]t£, {]kvXpX hnti-jWw km¿Y-Ia - m-
136 137
v Iw
°nb t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p C.Fw km¿. \mSns‚ kIe hnI-k-t\m- Be-ky-ta-imsX sNbvXpXo¿°pI ÿnc-io-e-am°n am‰n. aX-im-
∑pJ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°pw t\XrXzw \¬Inb At±lw {]tZ-iØ - p- k- \ - I fpw ]pWy- I ¿a- ß fpw apdpsI∏nSn- ° p- I bpw ]e- t ∏mgpw
Im-cpsS kt¥m-jØ - nepw k¥m-]Ø - nepw ]¶m-fn-bm-bn. \mSv sshZyp- kp∂Øv t\mºp-Im-c\ - mbn Ign-bp-Ibpw sNbvX C.Fw Xl-÷pZv
Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-®Xpw AXn-\p-th≠ \nkvIm-cØ - n¬ IrXy-\njvT ]men-®n-cp-∂p. H‰hm-°n¬ ]d-™m¬
ÿe-sa-Sp-∏p-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. amk- ]I-c° - m-c\- n-√mØ Hcp ]cn-jvI¿ØmhmWv C.-ap-lΩ - Zv kmln-_v.
m
ßƒ°v apºv imJm apkvenw bqØveoKv kwL-Sn-∏n® aZy-hn-cp≤ al-√p-Iƒ tI{µo-I-cn-®p≈ kaql kwkvI-c-W-Øn\v {]Y-
Imº-bn-\n¬ al√v `mc-hmln F∂ \ne-bn¬ kPoh ]n¥pW {]Jym-
m
ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn th≠Xv \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-am-
]n® At±lw {]kvXpX ktµ-i-hp-ambn PmXn-˛-aX t`Z-at\y F√m sW∂ Xncn-®d - n-hmWv kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-js‚ t\Xm-°sf Zmdp¬
.co
hoSp-I-fnepw Ib-dn-bn-dßn. lpZm kwÿm-]-\-Øn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. kn.-F®v sFZdqkv apkven-
.co
hnZym-`ym-k-amWv kaql ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS GI-I-sa∂v Xncn-®- bm-cp-sSbpw Fw.Fw _io¿ apkven-bm-cp-sSbpw tUm.- bp.-_m-∏pń
dn-™-h¿ \ap-°n-S-bn¬ [mcm-f-ap-s≠-¶nepw hy‡-amb Znim-t_m- lmPn-bp-sSbpw [nj-Wbpw I¿ahpw Zmdp¬ lpZm°kvXnhm-c-an-´-
[-tØm-sSbpw hy‡n-]-c-amb am¿K-Øn-eq-sSbpw hnZym-`ym-ksØ t∏mƒ Im¬\q-‰m≠v apºp Xs∂ Ah¿s°m∏w \n∂v kPo-ha - mbn
da
ssIImcyw sNbvX-h¿ hnc-f-am-Wv. C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v AØ-c- {]h¿Øn® Zo¿L-Zr-°mbncp∂p C.-Fw.
°m-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ KpW-^-e-ßƒ Z¿kv-˛-A-d-_nIv tImsfPv {KŸ-ßfpw ùXnI hnZym-`ym-k-
da
km[m-c-W-°m¿°p IqSn {]m]y-am-°pI F∂ e£y-tØmSp IqSn- Øns‚ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw c≠p `n∂{[ph-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-sh-
bmWv tIm´-°¬ ^mdqJv ÿm]-\ß - f - psS ap≥\nc {]h¿Ø-\ß - - ¶nepw aX-]T - \- Ø- n\v {]mapJyw \¬In hnZy-b`- y-kn-°p∂ Hcp ]Tn-
hu
fn¬ At±lw I¿a-\n-cX - \
- m-hp-∂X- .v hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\ß - ƒ ]Ww Xm-hn\v tbmPn® coXn-bn¬ ùXnI kne-_kv D≠m-°pI F∂Xv
hu
Imbv ° p∂ ac- ß - f m- I p∂ ka- I m- e nIk‘n- b n¬ At±- l hpw {ia-I-c-am-sbmcp tPmen Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Zmdp-¬ lpZmsb kw_-
^mdqJv ÿm]-\ß - fpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øns‚ \njvIf - ¶
- X IqSp- ‘n-®n-St- Ømfw {]kvXpX tPmen Gs‰-SpØv \S-∏m-°n-bXv kvacy-
X¬ tXP-p-‰-Xm-Ip-∂p. ^mdqJv ÿm]\Øns‚ {][m-\m[ym-]-
rul
]p-cp-j\ - m-Wv. {]kvXpX hnZym`ymk-b⁄w Hcp ]co-£Ww am{X-
I≥ IqSn-bmb Ct±lw hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS a-X-Im-cy-ß-fnepw kPo-h- ambnØocmsX ]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn¬ hnP-b] - Y
- Ø
- n-seØn F∂Xv At±-
rul
ambn CS-s]-´p. sh≈n-bm-gvNI - f
- n¬ Ppap-A°p apºv In´p∂ Hgnhp- l-Øns‚ PohnX hnPbw Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXn-\-t±lw \nc-¥-c-
th-f-bn¬ hnZym¿Yn-Isf hnfn-®n-cpØn \nkvIm-c-Øn¬ sNmt√≠ ambnØs∂ {]h¿Ø-\-cw-KØv \nesIm≠p. tIc-f-Øn-\-IØpw
ZnIvdp-Ifpw a‰pw sNm√n-∏n-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-h-s{X.
da
]pd-Øp-ambn Ccp-]t- Xmfw Zmdp¬ lpZm kl-ÿm-]\ - ß

- ƒ Xe-bp-
A\ym-Zr-iy-amb ]e-hn[ khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw HØp-Iq-Snb Hcp b¿Øn \n¬°p-tºmƒ ]c-k-l{kw Bfp-Iƒ Cu A\pKr-loX
da
\nkvXpe hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. ka¿Ycpw t\´-Øns‚ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fm-bn-Øo-cp-I-bm-Wv.
]mh-s∏-´-h-cp-amb hnZym¿YnIsf Is≠Øn kmº-ØnI klm- Zmdp¬ lpZm hnZym¿Yn-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ùXnI
w.
bhpw a‰p t{]m’m-l-\-ßfpw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. hnZym-`ymk hn`mKw Xe-h≥ F∂-Xn-e-∏pdw Xß-fpsS PohnXw aX-
w.
kmwkvIm-cn-I-Ø-\n-abpw ]hn{X ss]Xr-Ihpw ssItamiw h∂p- Io-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb [m¿an-I in£-W-Øn¬ At±lw
t]m-ImsX ]pXnb apkvenw X-e-ap-dsb [¿a-t_m-[-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d- kPoh{i≤ ]p-e¿Øn. {]mcwÌmeØv hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-
ww
∏n®p\n¿Øm\pw At±lw \nXm¥ Pm{KX ]pe¿Øn. ac-W-Øns‚ cn-°p∂ \nJne taJ-eI - f

- nepw Hcp am¿K-Z¿i-I\ - m-bn-c∂p At±lw.
\mepZn\w apºv t]mepw s]cn-¥¬a-Æb - nse kp∂n al-en¬ πkvSp hkv{X-ßƒ Fßs\ IgpIn hrØn-bm°mw XpSßn {]mY-anI
ww
Xe hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°mbn kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-j≥ kwL-Sn-∏n® {]mIvSn-°¬ hnj-bß - ƒ hsc ]Tn-∏n®p sImSp-ØXv At±-lambncp-
Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ "{Intb-‰n-hn‰n' F∂ hnjbw Bkv]Z- a - m°n AØ- ∂p.
c-samcp ¢mkv At±lw FSp-Øn-cp-∂p. Bscbpw ]p©n-cn-tbmsS
A teacher should know everything about something and some-
am{Xw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°pI F∂Xpw {]tIm-]-\-]-c-amb kµ¿`-ß-
thing about everything F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚
fn¬ t]mepw im¥\pw kpkvta-c-h-Z-\-\p-ambn kwkm-cn-°pI
hnZym-`ymk Z¿i-\-Øns‚ BWn-°-√v. Zmdp¬ lpZm k¥-Xn-Iƒ
F∂Xpw At±-l-Øns‚ ioe-am-bncp∂p. hn{i-a-Ønt\m hnt\m-Z-
k¿h-Xns\°pdn®pw kmam\y Adnhpw hnh-c-hp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°-
Ønt\m shdp-sX-bn-cn-°mt\m H´pw kabw sNe-hn-Sm-Xn-cp∂ kvacy-
Wsa∂ \n¿_‘w At±-lØ - n-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\mbn kz{]-b-
]p-cp-j≥ \nc-h[n tPmen-Ifpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw
138 139
v Iw
Xv\Ø
- m¬ \nc-h[n hnZym-`ymk ]co-£W - ß - ƒ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬
\S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. k¿°m¿ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ \S-∏m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-b-\p-k-cn®v Hcp A[ym-]-I\p≠m-th≠ Ign-
hns\°pdn®pw A[ym- ] - \ - Ø ns‚ coXn- i m- k v { XsØ°pdn®pw
hnZym¿Yn- I ƒ°mbn \S- Ø nb "eIv N ¿ ¢mkp- I ƒ' kap-
m
Zmb`mhnsb°pdn®v At±lw s\bvsX-SpØ kz]v\ß - f
- psS \nZ¿i- C\n BtcmSp tNmZn°pw kwi-bß
- ƒ?
\-am-bn-cp-∂p. s{]m^. bp.-hn.sI. apl-ΩZv
m
1994¬ Rß-sfm-∂n®v _mw•q-¿, sslZ-cm-_m-Zv, Aeo-K-Uv,
.co
U¬ln XpS-ßnb ÿe-ßf - n¬ kµ¿i\w \S-Øn-bn-cp∂p. Zmdp¬ 1970 Imew. AXn\v apºv Imen-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS HutZym-
.co
lpZm Icn-°p-ehpw ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p e£yw. KnI Hmôkv tImgn-t°mSv shÃv ln√n-em-bn-cp-∂p. ae-_m-dns‚
ÿm]-\-Ønse hnZym¿Yn-Isf D¿Zp {]`m-j-W-ßƒ°mbn ]pdw hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-em-bmWv ]e Un∏m¿´vsa‚p-Ifpw {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-
tÃ‰p-I-fn-te°v Ab-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ icn-s∏-Sp-Øm- ∂-Xv. ae-∏p-ds - Øbpw tIm-gn-t°m-s´bpw ]me-°m-s´bpw ]e tImsf-
da
\mbn I¿Wm-S-I-˛-B-{‘-bn-te°p t]mb kwL-Ønepw C.Fw Pp-I-sfbpw tI{µo-I-cn®v Ah hf¿∂v hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
D≠mbncp-∂p. C°-gn™ G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬ Imk¿tKm-U˛v I-Æq¿
da
kpthm-fPn Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v Imº-kn¬ X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncq-cß - mSn
Pn√-If - nse A©v klÿm]-\ß - ƒ kµ¿in-°m\pw C.Fw Znh- ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H.bn-em-bn-cp∂p sIankv{Sn Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v. 1970 HmsS
k-ßƒ \o°n-sh-®p. Zmdp¬ lpZm sk{I-´dn F∂-Xn\p ]pdsa
hu
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n°v Hcp GIo-IrX cq]w h∂p. Un∏m¿´vsa‚p-I-
a‰p hnhn[ k_vIΩn-‰n-Ifpw Xs‚ km∂n-[yhpw \nc-¥c Nn¥- sf√mw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Imº-kn¬Xs∂ kwhn-[m-\n-°-s∏-´p.
hu
Ifpw sIm≠v At±lw kPo-h-am-°n. bm{XmsNe-hp-Iƒ t]mepw
hmßmsX XnI®pw A√m-lp-hns‚ kwXr]vXn am{Xw Imw£n-®m-bn- Bbn-sS-bmWv ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. sIankv{Sn hn`mKw eIvN-ddmbn
cp∂p Xs‚ `mK-t[-b-Xz-ß-f-{Xbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS A^nen-
rul
tb-‰Uv ÿm]-\-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \nb-a-\hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v

Zmdp¬ lpZm Hcp Ckvem-anIv bqWn-thgvkn‰n-bm°n A]vt{KUv
rul
bqWn- t h- g v k n- ‰ n- b nse ]e- c p- a mbpw kwkm- c n- t °- ≠ n- b n- c p- ∂ p.
sNøs∏´Xn\v tijw AXns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ \nXm¥ Pm{KX Cusbmcp Bh-iy-hp-ambn C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-
]pe¿Øn At±-lw. Ckvem-anI k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fpsS A¥m-cmjv{S bn¬ hcp-tºm-gmWv Rm≥ BZy-ambn At±-lsØ ImWp-∂Xpw
da
thZn-bmb sÛ-td-j≥ Hm^v CkvemanIv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰o-kn¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw.

Zmdp¬ lpZm°v AwKXzw e`n-°p-∂Xv A£-at- bmsS ImØn-cn-°p-
da
I-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. A√mlp-hns‚ Aew-L-\o-b-amb hn[n! hntbm- A∂v Rm≥ AhnsS kpthm-f-Pn-bn¬ eIvNd-dm-bn-cp-∂p. apºp-
K-Øns‚ sXm´-SpØ amkw Xs∂ Zmdp¬ lpZm°v B cmPym-¥c Xs∂ Bsc-¶nepw Fs∂°pdn®v ]d-™n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww; BZyw
w.
AwKo-Imcw e`n-°p-I-bp≠mbn. At±-l-Øns‚ Bflmhv AXn¬ Xs∂ Fs‚ ASp-Øp-h∂ - mWv At±lw C°m-cyw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. F\n°v h√mØ Xm¬]cyw tXm∂n. At±-lØ - ns‚ kz`m-hhpw
w.
kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-≠m-I-Ww.
kwkm-chpw h√msX BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-‰n-ep-a-∏pdw
Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F^ns‚ s{S≥Uv Icn-b¿ ssKU≥kv Fs‚ CjvS taJ-ebmb kb≥kn¬Xs∂ amÃ¿ Un{Kn t\Snb
ww
t{]m{Km-ans‚ AWn-bd in¬]n-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. kakvX Hcmsf I≠-t∏mƒ F\n°v Fs¥-∂n-√mØ kwXr-]X v n-bmWv tXm∂n-
Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ `mc-hm-ln, kakvX tIcf Ckvemw
ww
b-Xv.
aX hnZym-`ymk t_m¿Uns‚ hnhn[ k_v IΩn-‰n-I-fnse saº-¿
F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn®v \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ hgn-bn¬ Xt‚- bqWn-th-gvkn‰n hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ Ime-am-Wv AXv. tIhew Aº-
Xmb kw`m-h\ - I
- ƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. DØ-tc-¥y-bpsS apkvenw Xn¬ Xmsg Ãm^p-Itf D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Ah-cp-am-sb√mw F\n°v
\t`mafi-e-ß-fnepw aXhn⁄m-\-Øns‚ {]ImitKm]pcw ]Wn- \√ ASp-∏hpw ]cn-N-b-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚
bm-\p≈ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS B{‘m {]bm-W-Øn-\n-S-bn-emWv Imcyw Rm≥ th≠-s∏-´-h-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. Hmtcm s{]mko-Py-
"c‡km£yw' t]mse Adp-]t- Øgmw hb-n¬ C.Fw hnShmßp- dp-Ifpw At±-l-Øn\v ]d™v sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ ac-Whpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\p tijw Rß-fpsS a\v F∂pw sXm´p-cp-Ωn-bmWv
]tc-Xm-flm-hn\v A√mlp \nXy-im-¥nbpw kz¿Khpw \¬I-s´. \n∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Rßƒ F{X AI-e-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw ]c-kv]cw
140 141
v Iw
tNmZn®pw N¿® sNbvXp-amWv ]e Imcyßfpw Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
*** *** *** *** *** ***
Rßsf F∂pw Hcpan®p-\n¿Øn-bn-cp∂ as‰mcp LSIw ka- kap-Zmbw F¥p-sIm≠v ]n¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p C.
kvXbpw t]mjI LS-I-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e tbmK-ß-fnepw kwK- apl-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚ a\-n¬ Ft∏mgpw IØn-\n-∂n-cp∂ Btem-
an-°m\pw N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw ImgvN∏ - m-Sp-Iƒ ssIam-dm\pw Ah- N\mhnj-bw. At±-l-hp-am-bp≈ ]e kwkm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw CXv
m
k-c-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. icn°pw a\-n-em-°m≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠.v Rßƒ°n-Sb - nse ]e N¿®-
m
1973˛74 Ime-ßf - n-em-sW∂v tXm∂p∂p; Dkvam≥ kmln_v Rß- Ifpw C∆n-j-b-I-am-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p.
fp-ambn \√ ASp-∏-Ønepw kvt\l-Øn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. ka-kvXsb hnZy-m`ymksa∂m¬ AXv apPm-ln-ZpI-fp-ambn am{Xw _‘-s∏-
.co
P\-Io-ba - m-°p-∂X- n\pw AXns\ hnZym-kº - ∂- c
- mb Bfp-If - n-te°v ´-Xm-sW∂pw kp∂n-Iƒs°m∂pw CXn¬ bmsXmcp ssIbp-an-
.co
IqSn hym]n-∏n-°p∂Xn\pw At±lw ]pXnb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI- s√∂pw Nne-scms° sX‰p[-cn® Imew. Cusbmcp Nn¥m-[m-cs - °-
cn-°p∂ ka-b-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡-am-sbmcp sh√p-hn-fn-bp-am-bmWv kakvX tIcf
BbnsS At±lw Hcp ]cn-]mSn kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. kp∂n-Iƒ°n-S- Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂ t]cn¬ ]pXn-sbmcp t]mj-
da
bnse hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb Bfp-I-sf-sb√mw hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-s°m-≠m-bn- I-L-S-I-hp-ambn kakvX cwK-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ CXns‚ {]kn-
U‚m-Wv. C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v FIvkn-Iyq-óhv saº-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
da
cp∂p ]cn- ] m- S n. ùXnI hnZym- ` ym- k - Ø ns‚ Bh- i y- I - X bpw
ssienbpsa√m-am-bn-cp∂p kwkmchnj-bw. ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]e-tcmSpw tbmK-ß-fn-se√mw hfsc Kuc-h-tØmsSØs∂ At±lw CØcw
Imcy-ßƒ kwkm-cn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
hu
IqsS Rm\pw C. apl- Ω Zv kmln_pw £Wn- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ p.
A∂sØ ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H. tImsfPv lnÃdn hn`mKw Xe-h≥ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\ß - sf Bcp-ad- n-bmsX sslPm°v sNøp∂
hu
A_vZp¬ Aenbpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. apPm-ln-Zp-I-fpsS {ia-ßsf At±lw Hcn-°epw AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-
hfsc «mL-\o-bhpw {]Xo-£I - ƒ \¬Ip-∂X - p-am-bn-cp∂p ]cn- √. AtXkabw ÿm]-\ß - sf ]mc-ºc - y-Øn-eq-∂n-bp≈ {]h¿Ø\
rul
]m-Sn. kp∂n-Iƒ ùXnI hnZym-`ym-kØ - n\v FXn-cs - √∂pw ùXnI tI{µ-ßf - m°n am‰m\mWv At±lw {ian-®n-cp-∂X - v. kakvX Fwπm-
bokv Atkm-kn-tb-js\ AXn-\p≈ Hcp D]-Ic - W
- a- mbn At±lw
rul
taJ-eI - f
- nse D]-cn-]T - \
- ß- ƒ°p-hsc Ah¿ Xøm-dm-sW∂pw Dds°
{]Jym-]n-°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p AXv. A∂pw C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_p-ambn I≠p.
ASp-ØnS]g-Im\pw Nn¥-Iƒ ssIam-dm\pw N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw *** *** ***
da
Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn. Ft∏mgpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn am{Xw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-
da
*** *** *** °p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ A]q¿hw Nne-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p C. apl-
Ω-Zv. ]ecpw ]e-bn-Sß - f
- nepw sIm°n-sem-Xp-ßmØ henb henb
kp∂o al√v sÛ-td-js‚ cq]o-I-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v
w.
Nn¥-Ifpw Xnb-dn-Ifpw ]d-™p-t]m-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-I. F∂m¬,

sNΩmSv IqSnb Hcp tbmKw. {]K¬`cmb ]e ]fin-X∑ - mcpw kwK-
At±lw sNbvXp-Xo¿°m≥ km[y-am-bXv am{Xta ]d-™p-≈q. AXp-
an- ® n- ´ p≠v . sI.- s I. lkv d - k - Ø v , C.sI. lk≥ apkv e n- b m¿,
w.
am-{XamWv {]kw-Kn-®Xv. Ah km£m-XvIc - n-°m\pw {ia-ßƒ \SØn.
sFZdqkv apkven-bm¿ XpSßn ]ecpw. Iq´-Øn¬ Rm\pw C. apl-
a\ximkv{X-]-c-ambncp∂p ]e-t∏mgpw At±-l-Øns‚ {]kw-K-
ww
ΩZv kmln_pw. kmaq-lnI hnj-b-ß-fnepw kmap-Zm-bnI thZ-\-I-

fnepw \nc-¥cw Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, ßƒ. Hcp]mSv {]mtbm-KnI DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw D]-a-I-fpw tIm¿Øn-
ww
CØcw kwcw-`ß - f- n-se√mw hfsc Xm¬]-cy-tØm-sS-bmWv At±lw W-°n-bmWv At±lw Ah Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®n-cp-∂X - v. tIƒ°m≥ hfsc
kwK-an-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ck-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠mb A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wv ]e-t∏mgpw
DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmbn h∂n-cp-∂-Xv.
ùXnI hnj-bß - f - n¬ A{K-KW
- y-\m-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂, aX]fin-
X-cp-ambn ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Ip-Ibpw Ah-cpsS kvt\lw ]nSn-®p-]-‰m≥ Hcn-°¬ At±lw Hcp {]kw-K-Øn¬ ]d™ IY Rm≥
{ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. DkvXm-Zp-am- Hm¿Øp-t]m-Ip-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ F{X hen-b-h-\m-bmepw sNdn-b-
tcmSpw apX-A-√n-ao-ß-tfm-Spw h√mØ kvt\l-am-bn-cp-∂p. henb h-\m-bmepw Hcn-°epw Al-¶m-ctam a¿°-Sa - p-jSv ntbm ]mSn-√m-sb∂v
aX]fin-X-tcmtSm Ah-cpsS ssien-I-tfmtSm bmsXmcp ]p—hpw hy‡-am-°n At±lw ]d™p:
142 143
v Iw
""Hcn-°¬ Rm\pw Fs‚ Hcp ASpØ _‘phpw Hcp bm{X l-Øn\v Nn¥n-°m≥ Xs∂ km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. ]I-cw, BgvNb - n¬ c≠p
t]mhp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hgn-bn¬ Imdns‚ Sb¿ ]©-dm-bn. BsI Znhkw t\mº-\p-jvTn®v ico-c-w ]mI-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sacp-°n-sb-Sp-
Zp¿LSw ]nSn® Hcp tdmUn¬ sh®m-bn-cp∂p Cu A]-I-Sw. tdmUpw °p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. `£Ww hfsc Ipd-®p-am-{Xta Ign-®n-cp-∂p-
]cn-k-c-ßfpw BsI ]md-°-jvW-ßƒ \nd-™-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ B ≈q. Pohn- X - Ø n¬ sIm®p- s Im®p kp∂- Ø p- I - ƒ t]mepw
Sb¿ am‰mt\m h≠n Pm°n-bn´v Db¿Ømt\m km[n-®n-√. F¥p- apdpsI∏nSn® Bfm-bn-cp∂p.
m
Xs∂ sNbvXn´pw F{X-Xs∂ {ian-®n´pw ]cm-P-bw-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p *** *** ***
]cn-Wn-Xn. F¥p-sN-ø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX Rß-fmsI Ipg-ßn. At∏m-
m
Zmdp¬ lpZ-bmWv h¿j-ßt- fmfw Rßsf ASp-Øn-cpØn Nn¥n-
sg√mw Rß-fpsS CuhI Imcy-ß-sf√mw {i≤n®v Hcp Ipń AhnsS
∏n-®n-cp∂ hen-sbmcp LS-Iw. Zmdp¬ lpZm-sb∂ Nn¥sb Ft∏mgpw
.co
\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS \nlm-bm-hÿ I≠-t∏mƒ
Hcp Bth-ia - m-bn-´mWv C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. At±-
Ah≥ ASp-Øp-h∂v tNmZn®p: "Rm≥ \nßƒs°mcp Ffp-∏h - gn
.co
l-Øns‚ c‡-Øn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂n-cp∂p Chn-SsØ Hmtcm
]d-™p-X-cs´?'
Imcy-hpw. Xs‚ Ah-km\ Ime-ßf - n¬ Zmdp¬lp-Zm-bp-ambn _‘-
Xam-i-sb-t∂mWw Rßƒ AsX-sb∂v Xe-bm-ń. Ah≥ c≠v s∏´v \S-Ønb {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n¬\n∂p CXv icn°pw a\-n-em-°m-
da
apdn-°√ - p-Iƒ sIm≠p-h∂v Imdns‚ Nphń¬ sh®v Sb¿ am‰m≥ hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Rßƒ°v sFUnb ]d-™p-X∂ - p. Aßs\ sNbvXt- ∏mƒ Imcyw
da
Zmdp¬lpZm Hcp Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bmbn A]vs{KbvUv
Ffp-∏-Øn¬ icn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''
sNbvXX - n¬∏n-s∂, C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v CXns‚ ]ptcm-KX - n-°p-th-
Cusbmcp DZm-lc - Ww ]d™v CXnse Ipń-sbbpw Im¿ bm{Xn-
hu
≠n-bp≈ A£oW bXv\Ø - n-em-bn-cp-∂p. kZm At±-lØ - ns‚ a\-
I-scbpw Np‰n-∏-‰n-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw kwkm-cn-®-Xv. n¬ ]ns∂ \pc-™p-b¿∂n-cp-∂Xv Cu Nn¥ am{X-am-W.v CXpambn
hu
Hcm-fpw- Hcn-°epw Xßƒ ]q¿W-cm-sW∂v [cn-°mt\ ]mSn-√. _‘-s∏´v At±-ls - a-\n°v \nc-¥cw t^m¨ sN-øp-Ibpw Imcy-ß-
F¥p Imcy-am-bmepw Btcm-Spw- AXv tNmZn-°m\pw aSn-°c - p-Xv. Hcp- sf√mw Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Bh¿Øn-®p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-
rul
]-s£, \sΩ Ipg-°p∂ ]e {]iv\-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ ∂p. ]e tbmK-ßf - nepw Rßƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Imcy-ßƒ Bg-
\sΩ-°mfpw sNdn-b-hsc kao-∏n-®m¬ \njv{]-bmkw e`n-t®°mw. Øn¬ N¿® sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. tbmK-ßƒ Ign-™mepw Rß-fpsS
rul
Ahsc AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw {i≤n-°m\pap≈ Hcp a\v am{X-amWv N¿®-Iƒ ka-b-ß-tfmfw \ofp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
\ap°v th-≠X - v.... C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v Aß-s\bmWv kwkm-cn- hnZym-`ymkImcy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ GsXmcp N¿®-bnepw
da
®ncp∂Xv. F\n-°p≈ GI ]n¥p-Wbm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv At±-la - m-Wv. Imcy-
da
*** *** *** ßƒ kwkm-cn-°m≥ th≠-s∏-´-hcmbn At±lw am{X-ta D≠m-bn-
F√m\ne°pw A√m-lp-hns\ t]Sn-bp≈ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p At±- cp-∂p-≈q. GsXmcp Imcy-am-bmepw Rßƒ c≠p-t]cpw ]e XhW
w.
lw. Xs‚ hnizm-khpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw Ft∏mgpw ImØp-kq-£n- Bg-Øn¬ N¿® sNbvXp Xocp-am-\n-®X - n\p tijw am{Xta Zmdp¬
®n-cp-∂p. kz¥w aIsf sIń-®b - °- p∂ ka-bØ
- p-t]mepw Cu kXy- lpZm-bn¬ {]tbm-KØ - n¬ hcp-Ønbn-cp-∂p-≈q. _lm-D±- o≥ DkvXm-
w.
k-‘X At±lw Im-Øp-kq-£n-®p. Zm-bn-cp∂p as‰mcp t{]m’m-l\ t{kmX-v.
Zmdp¬ lpZm- b psS ùXnI kne- _ kv cq]o- I - c - W - Ø n\p
ww
A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ ASn-bp-d® Cuam-\m-bn-cp∂p Hmtcm Nph-Snepw

apt∂m´v \bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. lrt{ZmKw ImcWw h√msX hnj-an-®n-cp∂p. ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-®Xv At±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs∂ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-
ww
`nj-Kz-c-∑m¿ Pohn-X-{I-a-Øn¬ ]e-hn[ \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw G¿s∏-Sp- ambpw aXtaJ-e-I-fp-ambpw IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xpw At±lw
Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. {]kw-K-Øn\pw kwkm-c-Øn\pw bm{X- Xs∂-bm-Wv. aXhpw ùXn-Ihpw Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
°p-sa√mw \nb-{¥Ww sh®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, AØ-c-samcp \nb- CØcw Imcy-ß-sf√mw kp{Km-ly-ambn kwkm-cn-°m\pw kwi-b-
{¥Whpw At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-bpw- _m[n-®n-cp-∂n- ßƒ Xncp-Øn-Ø-cm\pw At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p.
√. acWw hcp-tºmƒ hc-s´, AXp-hsc am\y-ambn, A√m-lp-hns‚ Ipń-I-fpsS kb≥kv ]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Rm≥ Xøm-dm-
A\p-k-c-W-bn-embn Pohn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p \bw. AtXm-sSm- °nb Nne kne-_kv `mK-ßs - fms° hfsc Bth-it- Øm-sS-bmWv
∏w, {]IrXn NnIn’ apd-sX-‰msX kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. At±lw I≠n-cp-∂X - .v F√m-‰n\pw AXn-s‚-Xmb ÿm\w \¬Im≥
`£Ww Ipd®v NnIn-’m-apd kzoI-cn-°p-Is - b-s∂mcp ssien At±- Hcn-°epw aSn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
144 145
v Iw
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ CubnsS \S∂ Hcp ]n.-Pn. FIvkm-an¬
ss^\¬ Cb-dnse kb≥kv ]T-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sbbpw {]k-
‡n-sbbpw Ipdn®v Rms\mcp tNmZyw tNmZn-®n-cp-∂p. sXmÆq-‰n-sbm-
ºXv iX-am\w Ipń-Ifpw CXn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv
\¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. kb≥kv ]T\w A\n-hm-cy-am-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-
m
cpsS A`n-{]m-bw. sNdnb ¢mkp-I-fn¬ XpS-ßp-Ibpw CS°v Nne A[ym-]I
- \n¬ \n∂v
¢mkp-If - n¬ hn´p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - ns\ am{X-amWv Ah¿ Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-I\ - n-te-°p≈ Zqcw
m
{]iv\-ambn FÆn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. bp. im^n lmPn, sNΩmSv
.co
Cusbmcp kw`hw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ hfsc Xm¬]-cy-tØm-
.co
sS-bmWv apl-ΩZv kmln_v CXv {i≤n-®X - v. hfsc thK-Øn¬Øs∂ 1975. Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.kn Ign™v {]oUn-{Kn-°p-th≠n ]n.-F-
kb≥kv ]T\taJ-e-bn¬ henb am‰w sIm≠p-h-c-W-sa∂pw AXv kv.-Fw.-H. tImsf-Pn-te°v t]mb ka-bw. tImsfPv Pohn-X-Øns‚
\S-∏m-°-W-sa∂pw At±-l-Øn\v B{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, {]Ya Znh-k-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. A[ym-]-Isctbm kl-]m-Tn-Isftbm
da
AXv km£m¬Icn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ At±lw \tΩmSv ]cn-N-b-an-√. Imº-kn-s\-°p-dn-®p-Xs∂ Hcp GI-tZi cq]w e`n-®p-
hn´p-]n-cn-™p.
da
h-cp-t∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ¢mkv dqw Fhn-sS-bm-sW∂pw At\z-
Zmdp¬ lpZmbpw AXns‚ hnZym`ymk Imcy- ß - f p- s a√mw jn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. sIan-kv{Sn-bpsS ¢mkv ]cXn Ipd®p t\cw
FSpØp-t\m-°n-bm¬, Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Fs‚ hew
hu
Hmôkv ]cn-k-cØv Np‰n \S-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw ]Øp-aWn Ign-
ssIbmWv \jvSa - m-bn-cn°p-∂X
- v. GsXmcp N¿®-bnepw Ft∂m-sSm∏w ™n-cp-∂p. HSp-hn¬, ]e-tcmSpw tNmZn®v ¢mkn-se-Øn. t\m°p-
hu
\n∂n-cp-∂Xv At±-l-am-Wv. Fs‚ GsXmcp tNmZy-Øn\pw adp-]Sn tºmƒ shfpØ XpWnbpw j¿´pw [cn® Hcp A[ym-]-I≥. Rm≥
\¬In-bn-cp-∂Xpw At±lw Xs∂-bm-W.v CØcw Imcy-ßƒs°√mw hmXn¬∏-Sn-bn¬ sN∂p. km¿ ¢mkv \n¿Øn Fs∂ t\m°n. Rm≥
rul
C\n BcmWv F\n-°p-≈Xv F∂-XmWv Ct∏mƒ Gsd Ae-ń-s°m- Imcyw ]d-™p. hnfn®v ¢mkn-en-cp-Øn. BZy Znh-kw-Xs∂ sshIn-
≠n-cn-°p∂ hnj-bw. b-Xn\v \√-t]mse imkn-®p.
rul
C.-Fw. kmdn-s\-°p-dn-t®m¿°p-tºmƒ BZy-ambn a\-n-te°v
HmSn-sb-Øp∂ Nn{Xw CXm-Wv. A∂mWv Rm≥ BZy-ambn C.-Fw.
da
kmdns\ ImWp-∂Xpw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xpw. ]n∂o-Sv, A{]-Xo-£n-X-

sa-t∂mWw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sS-
da
sb√mw Hcp A\n-hmcy `mK-ambn At±lw amdn-. HSp-hn¬ acW
w.
ka-b-Øp-t]mepw At±-l-tØm-sSm-∂n-®p-≠m-hm≥ A√m-lp-hns‚

hn[n-bp-≠m-bn.
w.
hfsc BI¿j-I-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. kmdns‚ eIvNdnw-Kv. sIan-
kv{Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ hnj-bw. AXn-\m¬, C.-Fw. kmdns‚
ww
¢mkmWv Rßƒ°v {]m[m-\a - mbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂X

- v. Hmtcm Znh-khpw
ww
[mcmfw t\m´v Xcp-am-bn-cp∂p. t\ms´-gp-Øm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ
ssien-bpw. ¢msk-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bntem t\ms´-gp-Øn-\n-S-bntem
Bsc-¶nepw Dd-ßn-Øq-ßn-bm¬ tNm°p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp {]tXyI
Gdp≠v At±-lØ - n-\v. AXv t\sc sN∂v s\‰n-bn¬ ]Xn-°p-am-bn-cp-
∂p.
Ipń-Iƒ°v s]mXpsh hfsc CjvS-ap≈ ¢mkm-bn-cp∂p C.-
Fw. kmdp-sS-Xv. Hmtcm hnZym¿Yn-sbbpw ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-
cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ¢mkv. F√m-‰n-s\-°p-dn®pw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb
146 147
v Iw
Nn¥-I-fmWv At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. C°mcyw kck-ambn kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn¬ C.-Fw. kmdns‚ km∂n[yw {it≤- *** *** ***
b-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ahn-sS-bp-s≠-¶n¬ F√m-hcpw AXv Adn- kwL-S-\bpw ka-kvX-bp-amWv C.-Fw. kmdp-ambn Rm≥ IqSp-
bp-w. tIhew Hcp A[ym-]-I≥ F∂ \ne-°m-bn-cp-∂n√ Imºkv X¬ ASp-°p-Ibpw CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - ns‚ c≠mw L´w. ]n.-
At±-lsØ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Imºkns‚ F√msa√m-am-bn-cp∂p F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pn¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp A[ym-]-I≥ F∂-Xn-e-∏pdw
m
At±-lw. Ipń-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fhpw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂-. Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ \ne-bn-te°v amdp-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p AtXm-
m
C.-Fw. kmsd∂v ]d-™m¬ Hcp Xcw BZ-c-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ sS. Rm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ injy≥ Bbn-cp-∂n-´p-IqSn CØcw cwK-
òXn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ipń-Iƒ°v. At±lw Ahn-sS-bp-s≠-¶n¬ B ß-fn¬ At±lw Hcp AI¬®tbm ck-an-√m-bvatbm {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-
.co
`mKØv Hcp Xcw im¥X D≠m-Ip-w. Imº-knse Hmtcm A[m¿an-I- ∂n-√. F∂-√, At±-lØ - ns‚ D≈n¬ Aß-s\-sbmcp Nn¥ Xs∂
.co
X-s°-Xn-cnepw At±lw Ipń-Isf t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°n-. BÏpń- C√m-bn-cp∂p. tXmfn¬ ssIsh-°p∂, Hcp km[m-cW kl{]h¿Ø-
Ifpw s]Ïpń-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ k¶-enX Pohn-XsØ At±lw Is\ t]mse-bmWv Fs∂ I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. am{X-hp-a-√, ]e-t∏mgpw
CjvSs - ∏-ń-cp-∂n-√. Aß-s\-bp≈ {i≤-bn¬s]-Sp∂ k¿h Xn∑-I- Fs∂ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw apt∂m-´p-h-cm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
da
sfbpw At±lw Nq≠n- ° m- ´ p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. BÏpń- I - t fmSpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.
s]Ïpń- I - t fmSpw At±lw t\cn´v Imcy- ß ƒ ]d- b pw.
da
kp∂n al√v sÛ-td-js‚ tbmK-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p {][m-\-s∏´
tdmUn¬\n∂v I≠m¬ hsc At±lw Ipń-Isf KpW-tZm-jn-®n-cp- Hcp kwK-aÿ - e- w. hfsc Imcy-£a - a
- m-bn-Øs∂ At±lw CØcw
∂p. Hc¿Y-Øn¬ ]nF-kv.-Fw.H. tImsf-Pns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬
hu
tbmK-ßf - n¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. al-√Ø - p-If - p-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]e Nn¥-
Cw.Fw kmdn-t\mSv InS-]n-Sn-°m≥ C.-Fw. km¿ am{Xw. Ifpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb ]≤-Xn-Ifpw h∂n-cp-∂Xv At±-l-Øn¬\n-
hu
C.-Fw. km¿ F∂ Npcp-s°-gp-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏´pXpS-ßp-∂Xv ∂m-Wv.
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H-bn¬ sh®m-Wv. BZy-sams° C. apl-ΩZv km¿ 1980 Imew. A∂v kp∂n hnZym¿Yn kwL-S-\-bpsS Pn√m sshkv
rul
F∂mWv F√m-hcpw ]d-™n-cp-∂X - v. As∂m-s°, ¢mkv Znh-kß - - {]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂p Rm≥. A∂pw AXn\p tijhpw ]pXp-∏-d-
fn¬ Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hgnhv ]nco-Up-If - n¬ k_vÃn-‰yq-´mbn kmdp-
rul
ºn¬ \S-∂ ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw At±lw Fs∂ {]kw-Kn-°m≥
amsc \nb-an-°p-w. cmhnse apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw hsc GsX√mw £Wn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Hgnhv ]nco-Up-If - n¬ Bsc√mw Fhn-sS-sb√mw BWv t]mtI-≠Xv
1983. Pn√m kp∂n ktΩ-f\ - Ø- ns‚ tImem-le - ß
- ƒ apg-ßn-b-
da
F∂v {]tXyIw Nm¿´p-≠m°n Xq°p-w. Cu Nm¿ń¬ sNdnb sNdnb

Øp-S-ßnb t\cw. \mSp-\osf AXns‚ {]N-c-Wm¿Yw tbmK-ßfpw
I≈n-I-fm-b-Xn-\m¬ kmdp-am-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ Npcp°w A£-c-ß-fn-
da
PmY-Ifpw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. {]N-cW PmY ]pXp-∏-d-ºn-
emWv Ipdn-°s∏-ń-cp-∂X - v. sI.-sI, kn.-]n, Sn.-]n.kn, C.Fw Fs∂m-
se-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ C.-Fw. km¿ Fs∂ hnfn-®p-sIm≠v ]d™p: "ChnsS
s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C.Fw. km¿ Aß-s\-bmWv {]Nm-c-Øn¬ hcp-∂-
w.
_mh {]kw-Kn-°-Ww...' Rm≥ A∂v AhnsS {]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw

Xv. D]-tbm-Kn®v D]-tbm-Kn®v AsXmcp t]cmbn amdn. ]n∂o-sS√mcpw
sNbvXp. Cßs\ ]e-hpcp kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠.v F∂pw F\n-°p≈ Hcp
w.
kmsd B \ma-Øn¬Xs∂ hnfn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
{]tNm-Z-\hpw t{]c-W-bp-am-bn-cp∂p km¿. sX‰p-Itfm t]mcm-bva-
kp∂Øp Pam-A-Øns‚ Dd® hnizm-knbpw BZ¿ihm-Zn-bp- Itfm I≠m¬ Xncp-Øn-Ø-cn-Ibpw kt¥m-j{]-Z-amb h√Xpw
ww
am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. \nkvIm-c-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ bmsXmcp I≠m¬ A`n-\-µn-°p-Ibpw kt¥mjw Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-
ww
hn´p-ho-gvN-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xncq-c-ßmSn bXowJm\ ]≈n-bn¬ bn-cp-∂p.
t]mbmWv At±lw fplvdpw Akzdpw \nkvI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬,
*** *** ***
sh≈n-bmgvN Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Ppap-A-°mbn AhnsS \n¬°p-am-bn-
cp-∂n-√. ]pdØv GsX-¶nepw kp∂n ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂ t]mIp-w. Rß-fpsS ASp-∏-Øns‚ aq∂mw L´w Zmdp¬ lpZ-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. AtXm-sS, Hcp AXn¿h-cº - p-an-√msX Xpd∂ a\-tmsS Rßƒ
At±-l-Øn\p apºnse tIhew Hcp hnZym¿Yn-bm-bn-cp∂p
Bfl-an-{X-ß-fmbn amdn. At∏mgpw Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ F∂
Rm≥ A∂v. _m∏pń lmPn-bpsS aI-\m-sWt∂m at‰m D≈ Imcy-
\net° At±lw Fs∂ I≠n-cp-∂p-≈q. Cu ASp∏w ]n∂oSv IqSp-
ß-sfm∂pw At±-l-Øn\v Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]T\ tijw IqSp-
X¬ i‡-am-bn. Ah-km\w Pohn-X-Øn-se-∂-t]m-se, ac-W-Øn-te-
X¬ ASp- ° p- I bpw _‘- s ∏- S p- I bpw sNbv X - t ∏mƒ At±lw
148 149
v Iw
°p≈ bm{X-bnepw Rßƒ H∂n-®mWv t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-km\ hf¿®bpw ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw Ipń-I-fpsS hnP-bhpw ta∑-bp-am-bn-cp∂p
\nan-jhpw Aßs\ ssItIm¿Øp-Xs∂ \n∂p. At±lw kz]v\w I≠n-cp-∂-Xv.
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-ambn XpS° Imew apX¬Xs∂ C.-Fw. kmdn\v ]mc-ºcyNn¥-I-fmWv Ft∏mgpw At±lw ImØp kq£n-®n-cp-
_‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _io¿ DkvXm-Zn-t\mSpw kn.-F—v DkvXm-Zn- ∂-Xv. apkven-bm-°∑ - m¿ A£csshcn-Ifpw hnZy-m`ym-kØ - ns‚ FXn-
t\mSpw IqsS At±-lhpw ChnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _m∏p F∂mWv cm-fn-I-fp-am-sW∂ Btcm-]-W-ß-sf-sb√mw At±lw i‡-ambn
m
Ah-sc√mw kmdns\ kvt\l-tØmsS hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. D∏ _m∏pń t\cn-ń-cp-∂p. Aßs\ ]d-bp-∂-h¿°v aq¿®-bp≈ hmb-S-∏≥ adp-
m
lmPn°pw h√mØ ASp-∏hpw BZ-c-hp-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. kmdn- ]-Sn-Ifpw ]d-™n-cp-∂p. ]e {]kw-Kß - f
- nepw At±lw km[m-cW
t\m-Sv. D∏m-bpsS _m∏q... F∂ B hnfn Ct∏mgpw sNhn-bn¬ Xßn- tNmZn-°m-dp≈ Nne tNmZy-ßf - p-≠.v CØcw Nn¥m-KX - n-°msc DØcw
.co
\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. apń-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah:
.co
]n.-Fk - .v F
- w.H tImsf-Pn¬ Ign-bp∂ Imew apX¬Xs∂ Zmdp¬ ""tIc-fØ
- n¬ apkven-bm-°∑ - m-cn-√msX ]Wn Ign-∏n-®n-´p≈ GXv
lpZm-bp-ambn ASpØ _‘-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. thmf-≠dn dn´-b¿sa‚ v ÿm]-\a- m-Wp-≈Xv. Chn-SsØ, C∂v Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂ GXv
hmßnb tijw Ipd-®p-Imew Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ kne-_kv \n¿am- hnZym`ymk ÿm]-\s - a-Sp-Øp- ]-cn-tim-[n-®m-epw, H∂-s√-¶n¬ as‰mcp
da
W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ÿnc-ambn {]h¿Øn®n-cp-∂p. \ne°v Ah-bpsS ]n∂n¬ Chn-SsØ apkven-bm-°-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂v a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. _io¿ apkven-bmcpw sFZ-dqkv
da
F∂pw Ft∏mgpw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ a\-
nse Nn¥. AXns‚ bYm¿Y kØ-bnepw A¿Y-Ønepw At±lw apkven-bmcpw _m∏pń lmPn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS -]n-
∂n¬. ^mdqJv tImsf-Pns‚ hn[-mXmhv A_p-kz-_mlv auehnbmbn-
hu
DƒsIm-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ^mdq-Jn-em-bmepw \mń-em-bmepw
bm{X-bn-em-bmepw Zmdp¬ lpZm-sb-°p-dn-®mWv kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. cp∂p. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.H tImsf-Pv, Fw.-sI. lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p ]n∂n¬.
hu
C∆n-jb - I- a- mbn kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ h√mØ A`n-am-\hpw kt¥m- hfm-t©cn a¿°kv, sI.-sI. DkvXm-Zm-bn-cp∂p AXp-≠m-°nb-Xv.
j-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hfsc Bth-i-tØm-sS-bmWv At±lw ÿm]- FS-∏mƒ lnZm-b, sI.-hn. DkvXm-Zm-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ F√m-sa-√mw...
rul
\sØ a‰p-≈-h¿s°√mw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ t\m°n-bm¬ F√m hnZym-`ymk kwcw-`ß - f

- psSbpw ]n∂n¬
Chn-SsØ apkven-bm-°-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.''
rul
Hcn-°¬ Nne¿ At±-l-tØmSv Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ _n.-FUv
tImsfPv XpS-ßn-°q-tS-sb∂v tNmZn-®t- ∏mƒ At±lw \¬Inb {]Xn- ]e kZ-p-I-fnepw C.-Fw. km¿ Bh¿Øn®p ]d-™n-cp∂
I-cWw Gsd {]k-‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. hfsc hnImc Xo{h-X-tbm-sS- Hcp Imcy-am-Wn-Xv. At±l-Øns‚ Nn¥-Ifpw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-
da
At±lw ]d™p: bn-cp-∂p.
da
""AXp-t]m-se-bp≈ ÿm]-\ß - ƒ XpS-ßm≥ ChnsS btYjvSw hnZym-`ymk cwKØv Bg-Øn-ep≈ ImgvN-∏mSpw ho£-Whp-
Bfp-If - p-≠v. Ah-cXv sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]s£, ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-bp-sS-sbms° Hcp {]mtbm-KnI If-cn-bm-bn-´m-
w.
Zmdp¬ lpZm t]mse Hcp ÿm]\w XpS-ßm≥ ChnsS Bcm-Wp- bn-cp∂p Zmdp¬ lpZmsb At±lw sXc-s™-Sp-ØX - v.
≈Xv? am{X-hp-a-√, Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ h¿jw tXmdpw hfsc Npcp- hfsc apºp apX¬Xs∂ At±lw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS IΩn‰n
w.
ßnb Ipń-Isf am{Xta Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p-≈q. \m¬∏tXm FIvkn-Iyq-óhv AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp saº¿ F∂-Xn-e∏ - pdw ÿm]-
F¨]tXm Ipń-Iƒ am{Xw. Ch¿ am{X-amWv Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS \sØ lrZbw sIm≠v DƒsIm≠ Hcm-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-amWv A∂p-
ww
kne-_kv ]Tn-°p-∂X - .v Ch-sc-°q-SmsX e£-°W

- °
- n\v Ipń-If
- p≠v ap-Xte ImgvN-sh-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp-]mSv Pohn-X-Øn-c-°p-Ifpw tPmen-
ww
Chn-sS. Ahsc thW-sa-¶n¬ _n.-F-Uns‚ taJ-e-bn-te-s°√mw I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw lrZbwsIm≠pw icocw sIm≠pw
\nßƒ sIm≠p-t]m-bn-t°m-fq....'' Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS Hcp apgp-k-ab {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS e£yhpw ÿm\hpw A¿Yhpw icn°pw 2009 sabv ap∏-Xn-\mWv tPmbv‚ v sk{I-´-dn-bmbn C.Fw.km¿
a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. sXc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - .v Cu am‰w At±-lØ - ns‚ {]h¿Ø\ taJ-
Zmdp¬ lpZm-°p-th≠n BZy-Imew apXte Hcp-]mSv bm{X-Iƒ e-bn¬ icn°pw \ng-en-®p-Im-Wm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp sk{I-´-dn-sb∂
At±lw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. D∏-tbm-sSmØpw _lm-D-±o≥ DkvXm-Zn-t\m- \ne°v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ sNøm≥ {ian-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk
sSmØpw ]e ÿe- ß - f nepw t]mbn- ´ p- ≠ v . ÿm]- \ - Ø ns‚ taJe am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ ]n∂oSv {i≤n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \n¿amW {]h¿Ø-
\-ßfpw kl-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS Imcyhpw sIń-S-ß-fpsS πm\nwKpw
150 151
v Iw
AXn¬ Bsc tPmen°p hnfn-°-W-sa-∂-p-hsc At±lw {i≤n-®p- Øn-emWv B{‘-bnse ]p¶\q¿ bm{X-sb-°p-dn®v Xocp-am-\-am-Ip-
Xp-Sß
- n. ]pXp-Xmbn \n¿an-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂ In®Wns\-°p-dn-s®√mw ∂-Xv. Ahn-SsØ ]T-\-Im-cy-ßfpw \n¿amW {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw
At±-l-amWv IqSp-X¬ Nn¥n-®n-cp-∂Xpw AXn-\p-th≠n πm\nw-Kp- ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw F√mw hne-bn-cp-Øp-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p bm{X-bpsS
Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xpw. AXn\v F©n-\n-bsdhsc hnfn-®p-sIm-≠p- Dt±-iyw. Rm≥, sslt{Zmkv lmPn, Akokv lmPn, sambvXo≥
h∂v t\m°n-®n-cp-∂p. lmPn XpSßnb Hcp kwL-am-bn-cp∂p t]mhm-\mbn tbmK-Øn¬
m
*** *** *** Xocp-am-\-am-b-Xv. ]s£, sshb-‡n-Itam at‰m Bb ]e Imc-W-
ß-fmepw CXn¬ ]e¿°pw hcm≥ Ign-™n-√. ]I-cw, a‰p Nne-cmWv
m
GXv Xnc-°p-]n-Sn® L´-ßf - n-em-sW-¶nepw kap-Zm-bØ - ns‚ thZ-
t]mb-Xv.
\-If- n¬ ]¶p-tN-cm\pw AXn\v ]cn-lmcw ImWm\pw At±lw Xøm-
.co
dm-bn-cp-∂p. ]p¶\q-cnse kl-ÿm-]\w Xosc kµ¿in-®n-ń-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬
.co
C.-Fw. kmdn\pw AhnsS hcm\pw ImWm\pw B{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-
kn.-Fw. A_vZp√ DkvXmZv acn® Znh-kw. ]e-hn[ tcmK-
∂p. ]s£, Cu kwL-tØm-sSm∏w Xs∂ hctWm htc-s≠tbm
ßƒsIm≠v hnj-an-®n-cp∂ ka-b-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-t]mepw A∂p cm{Xn-
F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ At±lw Hcp Xocp-am-\Ø - n-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√. hcnI-
Xs∂ C.-Fw. km¿ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcm-sSm∏w Imk¿tImSv FØn.
da
bm-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ C∂v cm{Xn hnfn®p ]dbmw F∂m-bn-cp∂p tbmKw
Zmdp¬ lpZm tIm Hm¿Un-t\-j≥ IΩn‰n sNb¿am-\mWv kn.-Fw.
Ign-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ At±lw Ft∂mSv ]d-™X - v.
da
DkvXmZv F∂-Xp-sIm≠p am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ CXv. kp∂Øv Pam-A-
Øns‚ Bi-bm-Z¿i-ß-fn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n∂ Hcp ]fin-Xs‚ tIc-f-Ønse Hcp]mSv kl-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ kµ¿in-®-Xn-\m¬
B{‘-bnse ÿm]-\hpw kµ¿in-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v h√mØ
hu
hntbmKw F∂ \ne-°pIq-Snbmbn-cp-∂p.
B{K-l-ap-≠m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv A∂v cm{Xn At±lw
*** *** ***
hu
t^mWn¬ hnfn®p ]d-bp-∂-Xv: "C\n CXp-t]mse hcm\pw kµ¿in-
km¿ acn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ipd®p apºmWv kl-ÿm-]\ßfn¬ °m\pw km[n-®n-s√-¶ntem'.
kµ¿i\w \S-°p-∂X - v. Rm≥, _lm-D±- o≥ DkvXm-Zv, C.-Fw. km¿
rul
ASpØ Znhkw \memw XnøXn sNm∆m-gvNb - m-bn-cp∂p bm{X.

XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv kwL-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
{]`m-X-Øn¬ Xs∂ C.-Fw. km¿ km[\ kma-{Kn-I-sf√mw Hcp-
rul
C.-Fw. kmdn\v Ipd®p apºv Hcp kvt{Sm°v \S-∂n-t´-bp-≠m-bn- °nsh®p. bm{X ]me-°mSv hgn Bbn-cp-∂X - n-\m¬ Rßƒ Zmdp¬
cp-∂q-≈q. F∂mepw AXv hI-sh-°msX Rm≥ hcm-sa∂v At±lw lpZm-bn¬ \n∂p hml-\h - p-ambn hcp-tºmƒ AhnsS Cd-ßn-\n-∂m¬
da
kzbw ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hgn-bn¬\n∂v Ib-dm-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Xocp-am-\w. GI-tZiw ]Øp-a-

IÆq¿, Imk¿tImSv `mK-ß-fn-ep≈ kl-ÿm-]\ kµ¿i-\- Wn-tbmsSbmWv Rßƒ AhnsS FØp-∂-Xv. ]d-™-t]mse C.-
da
Øn¬ C.-Fw. km¿ hfsc Imcy-£-a-ambn kw_-‘n-®p. hfsc Fw. km¿ Xocp-am-\n® ÿeØv \n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-
k¥p-jvS\pw Du¿P-kz-e-\p-am-bn-cp∂p At∏m-sg√mw. F√m {_m©p- lsØbpw Iqń Rßƒ thß-c-bnse C√Øv sambvZo≥ lmPn-
w.
I-fnepw Hcp]mSv ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Ibdn At±-lw. Hmtcm ÿe-Øp- bpsS hoń-te°v t]mbn. AhnsS `£Ww Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-
w.
\n∂pw hyXykvX ssien-bnepw amXrIbnepambn-cp∂p At±-l- hcpw `£Ww Ign-®p. kt¥m-j-tØmsS bm{X XpS¿∂p. At∏mƒ
Øns‚ kwkm-cw. Xf-¶c amenIv Zo\m¿ A°m-Za - n-bn-se-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ kabw GI-tZiw ]Xn-s\m-∂p-a-Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
sXm´p-]n-∂n-ep≈ IS-ens\ Nq≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p kwh-Zn-®X - v: Rm≥, C√Øv sambv Z o≥ lmPn, ss{Uh¿ ap- Ω n¬,
ww
""\nß-sf{X `mKy-hm-∑m¿... IS-en\v sXm´-Sp-ØpX-s∂-bmWv sslt{Zmkv lmPn, C.-Fw. km¿, F©n-\n-b¿ Pmknw, apl-ΩZv
\nß-fpsS Xma-kw. Cu IS¬ \sΩ-sb√mw \ΩpsS ZuXysØ ssJ¿, A_vZp-∂m-kn¿ F∂n-h-cmWv hml-\-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu IS-en-eq-sS-bmWv amenIv Zo\mdpw kwLhpw N¿®-Iƒ ]eXpw IS-∂p-h-∂p. Zmdp¬ lpZmbpw ]p¶\qcpw kl-
Ckvem-anI shfn-®-hp-ambn IS-∂p-h-∂-Xv. B shfn®w Gs‰-SpØp ÿm-]\ - ß- f- p-sa√mw hnj-bß - f
- m-bn. kne-_kpw Ipń-If - psS A®-
{]k-cn-∏n-°¬ \ΩpsS ZuXy-am-W.v F¥v XymK-ßƒ kln®pw \mw S-°hpw Ignhpw F√mw N¿® sNø-s∏-´p. C.-Fw. kmdm-bn-cp∂p
AXn\v Xøm-dmtb Xocq.'' ]e N¿®-Iƒ°pw t\XrXzw \¬In-bn-cp-∂X - .v hfsc ImX-emb ]e
*** *** *** Nn¥-Ifpw At±lw CS-°nsS apt∂m-´p-sh-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.
C.-Fw. km¿ acn-°p-∂-Xn\v sXm´v apºp-\-S∂ IΩn‰n tbmK- Xo¿Øpw Imcy-£-a-amb Hcp kwK-a-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Bh-iy-an-
152 153
v Iw
√mØ Hcp kwkm-cw-t]mepw IS-∂p-h-∂n√. F√mw kap-Zm-bhpw
ÿm]-\hpw hnZym¿Yn-If - psS ]ptcm-KX - nbpw kw_-‘n-®m-bn-cp-∂p.
hml\w thKX IqSp-tºmƒ C.-Fw. km¿ AXv {]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-
∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xps° t]mbm¬ aXn-sb∂v At±lw CS-°nsS
]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. kv]oUv IqSp-tºmƒ At±lw ss{Uhsd
m
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p. ]me-°ms´ Hcp tlm´-en¬ sh-®m-bn-cp∂p D® `£Ww. kmap-Zm-bnI ]ptcm-K-Xn e£o-I-cn® alm a\p-jy≥
I©n-t°ms´ Hcp ]≈n-bn¬\n∂p fplvdpw Akzvdpw PwB°n ]n.-sI. apl-ΩZv lmPn
m
\nkvIc - n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ss{Uh¿ hfsc Ipd®v am{Xta `£Ww
.co
Ign-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. CXp-I≠ C.-Fw. km¿ Ah-t\mSv CXn\v ImcWw hfm-t©cn a¿°kns‚ A°m-Z-anIv Iu¨kn-en¬ {it≤-b-
Xnc-°n-bn-cp-∂p. C.-Fw. kmdpw s]mXpsh D®`£Ww hfsc Ipd-
.co
am-sbmcp km∂n-[y-am-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. s{]m^. bp.-hn.-sI. apl-
®mWv Ign-°m-dp-≈X - .v IqSp-X¬ Ign-®m¬ Dd°w hcp-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ω-Zv, s{]m^. apl-ΩZv lk≥ XpSßn Rßfpw At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w
]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. At∏m-tg°pw kabw c≠p-aWn Ign-™n-cp-∂p. AXn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. sI.sI. DkvXm-Zm-bn-cp∂p I¨ho-\¿.
da
Rßƒ ho≠pw hml-\-Øn¬ Ibdn bm{X XpS-ßn. ho≠pw C.- A∂mWv At±-l-hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ASp-°p-∂Xpw kz]v\-tem-I-
Fw. km¿ N¿®-If - psS hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p. _n¬UnwKv \n¿am-Whpw ßsf Xncn-®d - n-bm≥ km[n-°p-∂X
- pw.
da
kne-_kv Imcy-ßf - p-sams° IS-∂p-hc - m≥ XpS-ßn. N¿®-bn¬ F√m-
hcpw Xß-fp-sS-Xmb ]¶v hln-®p. ]ns∂bpw hml\w GI-tZiw Hmtcm ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚bpw kne-_-kn-s‚bpw `mhn-sb-°p-dn®v
hu
H∂p-c≠p aWn-°q¿ HmSn. At∏mƒ Nm‰¬ ag-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]tXyIw ho£-Whpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-ap≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.
ss{Uh-tdmSv kv]oUv {]tXyIw {i≤n-°W - s
- a∂v C.-Fw. km¿ ]d- ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Hmtcm tbmKØnepw At±lw Ah Xpd∂v ]d-
hu
™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. bpw. FS-∏m-fnse tImsf-Pp-ambpw hfsc ASp-∏Ø - nepw _‘-Øn-
ep-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.
Ct∏mƒ tImb-º-Øq¿ aZp-°-c-°-SpØ sNń-∏m-fbw F∂
rul
ÿe-Øm-Wv. ]pdØv \√ Nm‰¬ ag Xs∂. tdmUmsI sh≈w- \nkzm¿Y-Xbpw Ffn-a-bp-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lØns‚ PohnX ap{Z.
rul
sIm≠v \\™ncn°p∂p. h√msX hgp-X¬ D≈Xpt]mse. hml\w Hcmƒ°v Al-¶-cn-°m\pw A`n-am-\n-°m\pw ]‰nb c≠v km[-\-ap-
icm-icn kv]oUn¬X-s∂-bm-Wv. ASpØ \nan-jw... hml\w BSn- s≠-¶n¬ Ah Adnhpw ]W-hp-am-Wv. Ch c≠pw bYm-tbmKyw
bp-e™v \nb-{¥-Wm-Xo-X-am-bn. hgp-X-en¬ s]´v tdmUn¬ \n∂p HØn-Wß - nb Bfm-bn-´pw Ahsb ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°n-bp≈ bmsXm-
da
sX∂n- a m- d n. Rßƒ Aº- c - ∂ p- t ]m- b n. A]- I Sw kw`- h n°pI- cp-hn[ {]I-S-\-]-c-Xbpw Al-¶m-chpw At±-l-Øns‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂v
da
bmsW∂v icn°pw Xncn-®-dn-™p. ASpØ \nan-jw, F√mw Ah- D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
km-\n®p F∂ `mh-Øn¬ Rßƒ Dds° "emC-eml C√-√mlv' hml- \ - ß ƒ th≠- t ]mse e`y- a m- h mØ Imew. At±lw
w.
F∂p sNm√n. ]n∂oSv, Hcp \nanj t\cw sIm≠v F√mw kw`-hn-®p. A∂pw Xs‚ {]h¿Ø\taJ- e - b n¬ \nd- ™ p- \ n- ∂ n- c p- ∂ p.
GgSn XmgvNb - n-te°v sXdn-®p-ho-Wp. a\v ac-hn®p-t]m-bn. hml\w As∂ms° hml-\-ß-fn¬ Xqßnbpw {]bm-k-s∏-´p-amWv Zmdp¬
w.
adn™p \new-]-Xn-®p. H∂pw Adn-bp-∂n-√. ss{Uh¿ tdmUn-te°v lpZm-bnepw AXp-t]m-se-bp≈ ÿm]-\ß - f
- nepw h∂n-cp-∂X - .v ]pXp-
sXdn®p hoWp. sslt{Zmkv lmPn hml-\-Øn-\-I-ØpXs∂-bm-bn- ∏-d-ºnepw A∂v th≠-t]mse KXm-KX kuIcyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
ww
cp-∂p. IÆp Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ t\sc I≠Xv sXdn-®p-hoWv InS-°p∂ ]e-t∏mgpw FS-cn-t°mSv hml-\-an-dßn hoń-te°v \S°pI-bm-Wv
ww
C.-Fw. kmdn-s\-bm-Wv. \n›-e\ - mbn InS-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.
acn-®n-´p-s≠∂v H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬Xs∂ a\-n-em-bn... C∂m-en-√mln \ΩpsS {]ÿm-\ß - fpsSbpw ÿm]-\ß - f- psS-bpsa√mw ss[j-
hC∂m Csseln dmPn-Du≥... Hm¿°p-tºmƒ D≈v Dcp-Ip-I-bm-Wv. WnI ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ C.-F-Ωn\v _‘-ap-≈-Xmbn ImWm≥ ]‰pw.
Fs‚ _lp-am\y A[ym-]≥... {]nb-s∏´ am¿K-Z¿in... BZ-c-Wo-b- kakvX-bpsS \gvkdn ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS {Iao-I-c-W-Øn\p ]n∂n¬
\mb kl-{]-h¿Ø-I≥... Nn¥-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂Xv At±-l-am-Wv. Sot\Pv kvIqfn-
kpIr- X - ß ƒsIm≠pw Zo\n\v th≠n- b p≈ tkh- \ - s\-°p-dn-®v Btem-Nn®-t∏mgpw At±-la - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _io¿ DkvXm-
ßƒsIm≠pw PohnXw [\y-am-°nb B henb a\p-jy-t\m-sSm∏w Zm-bn-cp∂p CXn¬ A∂v Rß-tfm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ {][m-\n.
\mY≥ \sΩbpw kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-∏n-°s´...
154 155
v Iw
BZyw ]pXp-∏-d-ºn\v am{Xw ]cn-N-b-ap≈ Hcm-fm-bn´mbncp∂p F∂m¬, _m∏pń lmPnbpw sFZdqkv DkvXmZpw ]mb-bn-en-cp∂v
C.-F-Ωns‚ Pohn-Xw. F∂m¬, kmap-ZmbnI hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-I- Ign-°p-∂X - ns\bmWv ]n¥m-ßn-bn-cp-∂X - v. Ah-km-\w, "GXm-bmepw
fn-te°pw Ah-bpsS ]ptcm-Ka - \ ]mX-bn-te°pw {i≤ ]Xn-®p XpS- Hcp ]co-£-Wm¿Yw Ct∏m-g-h¿ ]mb-bn-en-cp∂v Ign-°s´, tijw
ßn-b-tXmsS At±lw F√m-h-cp-sS-Xp-ambn. Ah-km\Ime-ß-fn- thW-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v am‰mw...' F∂ _m∏pń lmPn-bpsS A`n-{]m-
sems° C.- F w. Hcp Adn- b - s ∏´ hnZym- ` ymk {]h¿Ø- I \pw b-tØmsS AXv \S-∏n-emhp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
m
sskt°m-f-Pn-Ãp-am-bn-´mWv Bfp-I-fpsS a\-n¬ \nd-™p-\n-∂n- tImgn-t°mSv sP.-Un.-‰n-bn-te-°p≈ bm{X-bn-emWv Ah-km-\a - mbn
cp-∂-Xv.
m
Rm≥ At±-lsØ A\p-K-an-®-Xv. Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse In®¨-˛-ssU-
Bscbpw hnkvab - n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw Nn¥n-∏n-°p-∂X - p-am-bn-cp∂p C.- \nwKv lmƒ kwhn-[m-\- \ho-Ic - Wß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S∂ N¿®-
.co
F-Ωns‚ A[ym-]-\-˛-kw-th-Z\ ssien. hfsc thKØn¬X-s∂ bpsS A\p-_-‘-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Cu bm{X. Ahn-sS CXn-\p≈
.co
t{imXm-hns‚ a\w Ih-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. {Ik‚ v t_m¿UnwKv aZvd-k- kuI-cy-ßƒ ImWepw B coXn kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]‰ptamsb∂v
bn¬ ]e XhW At±lw ¢mkv FSp-°m≥ h∂n-´p-≠v. ¢mkp- BtemNn-°-ep-sam-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p bm{X-bpsS Dt±-iyw.
Isf√mw Xo¿Øpw a\ximkv { X- ] - c - a m-b - n-cn°pw. A[ym-]I - ¿°p≈ IΩn-‰n-tbm-Kß- f - n¬ _m∏pń lmPn-bpsS BI¿j-Ia - mb ssien-
da
ss{S\nw-Kn\pw At±lw hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tbm-Sm-bn-cp∂p C.-FΩ - n\v Xm¬]-cyw. F√m-h¿°pw A`n-{]mbw ]d-
km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ ùXnI hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\ß - f - n-se√mw bm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-Ibpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ
da
A[ym-]I - cpw hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw XΩn¬ ¢mknse _‘-sa-∂X - n-e∏ - pdw {ihn-°m≥ k∂-≤X - - Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn-bmWv At±lw
as‰mcp _‘w \ne-\n¬°m-dn-√. F∂m¬, C.-Fw. kmdns‚ Imcy- CjvS-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.
hu
Øn¬ CXv t\sc adn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. km[m-cW apkvenw ]WvUn-X- Zmdp¬ lpZm Hcp Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰nbmbn A]vt{KUv
hu
∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS injy-∑m¿°pw CS-bn-ep-≠m-hm-dp≈ B hnt[- sNbvX tijw AXp kw_-‘a - mb tim`\ `mhnsb°p-dn®v hfsc
bXz Bflob_‘w At±-lØ - ns‚ injy-cnepw ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. kPo-hhpw Imcy-£-a-hp-amb N¿®-Iƒ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-s°-bmWv
rul
h¿j-ßƒ°p tijhpw hfsc hnt[-b-Xz-tØmsSbpw kvt\l- At±lw \tΩmSv hnS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂X - .v Xo¿®-bmbpw \nI-Øm-\m-
tØm-sSbp-amWv Ah¿ kmsd I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. ¢mkp-I-fnepw Imº- hmØ Hcp hnShv Xs∂-bmWv CXv krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v.
rul
kn-ep-sa√mw CXm-bn-cp∂p A\p-`hw.
Ft∏mgpw Imcy-ßsf Kuc-h-tØm-sS-bmWv kao-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
da
F∂mepw hfsc ASp- Ø - h - t cmSpw kplr- Ø p- ° - t fm- S p- s ams°

ckhpw Xam-ibpw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
da
Zmdp¬ lpZ-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw A√m-sXbpw At±-l-tØm-
w.
sSm∏w [mcmfw bm{X-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p-≠v.

Ch-bn-sem∂pw hrYm kabw If-bp∂ kz`mhw At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-
w.
bn-cp-∂n-√. Imcy-£-a-amb N¿®-Ifpw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb kwkm-c-ßfpw
sIm≠v [\y-am-bn-cp∂p bm{X-I-sf-√mw.
ww
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS BZyImew apX¬Xs∂ C.-Fw. km¿ kPoh
ww
km∂n-[y-ambn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-t\gv AwK-ßƒ AS-ßp-∂-Xm-bn-
cp∂p {]Ya IΩn-‰n. _m∏pń lmPn At\z-jn-®v, Af-∂p-ap-dn-s®-
SpØ Bfp-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv CXn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C.Fw kmdpw
CXn¬ Hcw-K-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Zmdp¬ lpZbpsS BcwÌmew. ssU\nwKv lmfn¬ hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒ `£Ww Ign-°p-∂Xn\v tS_nƒ kwhn-[m\w sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-
XmWv \√-sX-∂ ]£-°m-c\ - m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. F\n°pw Fw.-
Fw. _io¿ apkven-bm¿°pw CtX A`n-{]mbw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
156 157
v Iw
bn-cp∂v aX hnj-b-ßƒ°p≈ kne-_kv cq]o-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v
Btem-Nn-®p. AXv FhnsS XpS-ßW - s - a∂pw FhnsS Ah-km-\n-°-
W-sa∂pw AXn¬ Fs¥√mw Imcy-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈-W-sa∂pw
Ah¿ Hcp cq]w Xøm-dm-°n.
Zmdp¬ lpZm F∂ ÿm]-\w A∂v Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-t]mepw
m
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS ùXnI Xocw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXv hen-sbmcp Bi-ba - mbn t\Xm-°f - psS
tambn≥ lpZhn ae-bΩ
m
a\-p-I-fn¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sFZdqkvv DkvXm-Zv, FS-
cn-t°mSv ]n. C_vdmlow lmPn XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw hfsc kPo-h-
.co
Z¿kp-Ifpw amXr-Im-Z¿kp-Ifpw Ign™v ]fin-X-∑m¿ ka-\z- ambn cwK-Øp-≠v. Hmtcmtcm IqSn-°mgvNIfnepw ao‰nw-Kp-If - n-ep-ambn
.co
b- hnZym-`ymk kwhn-[m\sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Imew. ÿm]\ N¿®-Iƒ i‡-ambn hcn-Ib - m-W.v Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp tbmK-
_io¿ DkvXmZpw sFZdqkvv apkven-bmcpw AØ-c-samcp kwhn-[m- Øn-emWv Bcv ùXnI hnj-bß - s - f-°p-dn®v Hcp [mc-Wb - n-se-Øp-
\-Øns‚ {]mtbm-KnI coXn-im-kv{X-sØ°p-dn®v Xe-]p-I-™m-tem- Ibpw AXn¬ kne- _ kv \n¿am
da
Nn-®p. _m∏pń lmPn AXn-\p≈ F√m-hn[ ùXnI kuI-cy-ßf - p- WsØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v N¿®-Iƒ
sam-cp-°n. Zo¿L-ho-£-W-ap≈ ⁄m\n-Ifpw ]fin-Xcpw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv.
da
ssItIm¿Ø-t∏mƒ, Xma-kn-bm-sX-Ø-s∂, Hcp ka-\zb ÿm]-\- Xs‚ \m´p-Im-c\pw hnZymk Nn¥-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ C.-Fw. kmdn-
sØ-°p-dn® cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-bn. Zo¿L ImesØ Nn¥-If - p-sSbpw s\-°p-dn®v sFZdqkv DkvXm-Zn\v t\c-sØ-Øs∂ ASpØ ]cn-N-
hu
a\-\-ß-fp-sSbpw A\-¥c ê-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Cß-s\-sbmcp bhpw aXn∏pw Adn-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H-bn¬ eIv®dmbn
hu
Bibw Hcp {]mtbm-KnI coXn {]m]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ime-Øns‚ sh√p- tPmen sNøp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ aX-t_m-[-Ønepw {]h¿Ø\
hn- f n- I sf Xncn- ® - d n™v , AtX \mW- b - Ø n- ¬ {]Xn- I - c n- ° m≥ ssien-bnepw At±lw kwXr-]vX\ - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a√; DkvXm-Zns‚
rul
tijnbp≈, _lp-`m-jn-Ifpw kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bn¬ {]mho-Wy-hp- B[ym-flnI in£-W-am-bn-cp∂p ]e-t∏mgpw kmsd Xs‚ PohnX
ap≈ ]fin-Xsc hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-Is - b-∂X- m-bn-cp∂p e£yw. ]fin- hgn- b n¬ apt∂m´p \bn- ® n- c p- ∂ Xv Xs∂. A{X- a m{Xw ASpØ
rul
Xsc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw hen-sbmcp ZuXy \n¿h-lW - Ø - n-\p≈ kvt\l-_-‘-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah¿.
Cd-ßn-∏p-d-∏m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. [mcmfw {]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ XcWw sNtø- B tbmK-Øn¬ sFZdqkv DkvXm-ZmWv BZy-ambn X¬ÿm-\-
da
≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C\n aX-]-c-amb ]T\ kuI-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tØ°v C.-Fw. kmdpsS \maw \n¿tZin-°p-∂-Xv. ]n. C_vdmlow
am{Xw Nn¥n-®m¬ t]mcm. ùXn-Ia - mb ]T\ kuI-cy-ßs - f-°p-dn®pw lmPn AXns\ ]n¥m-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CtXm-sS, Imcyw Xocp-am-
da
Nn¥n-®p-Xp-SßWw. aX hnj-b-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ ùXnI hnj- \-am-bn. Zmdp¬ lpZm-sb∂ aX ùXnI ka-\zb ÿm]-\Ø - ns‚
b-ßƒ°pw kne-_kv D≠m-°W - w. hnZym`ymk taJe-bn¬ ]pXnb Hcp ASn-ÿm\ `mK-ambn C.-Fw. km¿ amdn. A∂p apX¬Xs∂
w.
]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn®v, Hcp Zo¿L Ime kwcw`w Bcw-`n- ùXnI hn`mKw Xe-h\ - mbn At±lw \ne-sIm≠p. ÿm]\-Øns‚
°ptºmƒ {]tXy-In-®pw. AXn-\m¬, KmVhpw km¿∞-I-hp-amb
w.
XpS° Imew-ap-X¬Xs∂ km¿ B IpSpw-_Ø - nse Hcp AwK-ambn.
Nn¥-Iƒ IqSn-tb-Xo-cq. kne-_kv \n¿am-W-Øn\pw Bi-b-cq-]o-I-
C.-Fw. km¿ ]n.-Fk - .v F
- w.-Hb
- n¬ h¿°v sNøp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p
ww
c-W-Øn\pambn \m\m hnj-b-ß-fnepw Ignhpw Ah-Km-l-hp-ap≈

CXv. ]fin-Xc - p-am-bp≈ ASp-Øn-S] - g- I- e - n¬\n∂pw t\csØ e`n®
Hcp ]finX \ncsb Hcp°n \n¿tØ-≠X - p-≠.v Ah¿°v F√m hnj-
ww
Bflob shfn®w D≈n¬ IØn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂X - n-\m-¬ CØcw kwcw-
b-ßf - nepw sNdnb \ne-s°-¶n-ep-ap≈ ImgvN∏ - mSv thWw. Nne hnj-
`-ßt- fmSv kl-Ic - n®v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ At±-lØ - n\v bmsXmcp ssha-
b-ßf - n¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpw thWw.
\-kyhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. km¿ A∂p apX¬Xs∂ Zmdp¬ lpZm-
t\Xm-°ƒ Hmtcm hnj-bs - Ø-°p-dn®pw Imcy-am-bn-Øs∂ Nn¥n- sb-°p-dn®pw Ahn-sS-\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-hc - p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Is - f-°p-dn®pw
®p. ]c-am-h[n ⁄m\ t{kmX-p-Iƒ kam-l-cn-®p. A√m-Ø-hsc Nn¥n®p XpS-ßn. Ahsc D∂-X-ß-fn¬\n∂pw D∂-X-ß-fn-te°v
Bh-iy-Øn\v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa-∂ kuI-cy-Øn\v ssIsbØpw sIm≠p-hc - p∂ \ne°v Hcp ùXnI kne-_kv cq]o-Ic - W- s - Ø-°p-
ZqcØv \n¿Øn. dn®v Nn¥n-®p. Hcp henb ÿm]-\Ø - n\v kne-_kv cq]o-Ic - n-°p-I-
ÿm]-\s - Ø-°p-dn®v BZyw apXte Nn¥n-®p-h∂ - h
- ¿ Xs∂ IqSn- sb-∂Xv A{X Ffp-∏a - p≈ Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\p-th≠n [mcmfw
158 159
v Iw
kabw Xs∂ \o°n-sh-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. kmdns‚ hnim-ea - mb _‘- PohnX Nn´-If - p-ambn ]cn-Nb
- a - n-√mØ hnZym¿Yn-Is - f-sb√mw At±lw
ßfpw hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-W-cp-am-bp≈ ASp-∏-hp-am-bn-cp∂p ]e- ASp-Ød - n™v th≠-t]mse Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-hc - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v
t∏mgpw X\n°n-Xn¬ hgn-Im-ńbm-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C°m-e-Øv, CS-°nsS Ipń-Iƒ°v Fßs\ `£Ww Ign-°W - s - a∂pw Fßs\ hkv{Xw
]e {][m-\n-Is - fbpw ÿm]-\Ø - n-te°v sIm≠p-h∂v At±lw C∆n- [cn-°-W-sa∂pw Fßs\ Ae-°-W-sa∂pw hsc km¿ Ah-tcm-
j-b-I-ambn N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp- sSm∏w \S∂v ]Tn-∏n-®p. ]T-\-Ønepw Ifn-bnepw km¿ H∂n®p \n∂p.
m
∂p. {][m-\a - mbpw kb≥kv, IW-°v, Cw•o-jv, tkmjy¬ kb≥kv Ifn-t°≠ ka-bØv Ipń-Iƒ Ifn-°pIXs∂ thW-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p
XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-fn-emWv At±l-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ kne- At±-l-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sv. ]et∏mgpw sNdnb ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Ibdn
m
_kv cq]o-I-cWw \S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. i‡-amb t{kmX-p-Ifpw ]cn-N- Ifn-°mØ Ipń-Isf Is≠-Øn, \n¿_-‘-ambpw sshIp-t∂-c-ß-
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bhpw ]n≥_-e-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®m-bn-cp∂p At±lw Ch-°mbn fn¬ Ifn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°pw. hfsc ]Izhpw anX-hp-amb ssien-
Cdßn-Øn-cn-®Xv. ùXnI Xe-h-∑m-scbpw hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-W- bn-emWv At±lw CØcw D]-tZ-iß - ƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂X - v. F∂m¬,
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scbpw sIm≠p-h∂v At±lw DØ-c-hm-ZnØw hfsc `wKn-bmbn henb ¢mkp-I-fnse Ipń-Iƒ Ifn-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-sb-∂m-bn-cp∂p
\n¿h-ln-®p. ]n¬°m-eß - f
- n¬ ]e-t∏mgpw lpZ-hn-Is - fbpw At±lw At±- l - Ø ns‚ \ne]mSv . A∂v ]≈n- b n¬sh®pw ssU\nwKv
da
klm-b-Øn-\mbn IqsS-°qń. Aßs\ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏´ ]pkvX-I- lmfn¬sh®psa√mw At±lw Ipń-Is - f D]-tZ-in-®p. hgn-bn¬sh®pw
ßƒ ÿm]-\-Ønepw kl-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssaXm-\Ø - n¬sh-®p-sa√mw Ah-cn¬ ImWp∂ sX‰p-Iƒ Xncp-Øn.
da
sNbvXp. Ime-ß-tfmfw C.-Fw. km¿ Cu tkh\w XpS¿∂p. ]e-hn[
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS XpS° Imew-ap-X¬Xs∂ _m∏pń lmPn- PohnX t¢i-ßfpw {]mcm-_v[-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn´pw AXn-\n-S-bnepw
hu
sb-t∏mse Imº-knse Hcp \nXy km∂n[yam-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. At±lw ChnsS hcm≥ kabw Is≠-Øn. XpS°w apX¬Xs∂
hu
_m∏pń lmPn Imº-kn-¬ hcp-tºmgpw \S-°p-tºmgpw ]e-t∏m-gmbpw IΩn‰n saº-dm-bn-cp∂p km¿. ]s£, Hcp saº¿ F∂-Xn-e-∏pdw
kmdpw IqsS-bp-≠m-Ipw. _m∏pń lmPn°pw At±-lsØ henb Hcp apgp-k-ab {]h¿Ø-Is‚ tdmfmWv At±lw \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂-
Imcy-am-Wv. h√mØ ]cn-K-W-\bpw BZ-c-hp-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l- Xv. tbK-ßƒs°√mw hfsc IrXy-am-bn-Øs∂ FØp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
rul
tØmSv Ah¿ ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. tIhew km∂n[yw F∂-Xn-e∏ - pdw Bh-iy-ap≈ CS-ßf - n-se√mw CS-
rul
thmf-≠n-b¿ dn´-b¿sa-s‚-SpØv ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H-bn¬\n∂v hnc- s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ÿm]-\-Øns‚ \∑bpw hf¿®bpw
an® tijw Ipd®p Imew km¿ \nXy-ambn Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ Xs∂- am{X-am-bn-cp∂p Hmtcm Ne-\-ß-fnepw At±-lsØ \bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
da
bm- b n- c p- ∂ p. Chn- S sØ hnZym- ` ymk]c- a mb ]ptcm- K - X nbpw Iptd Ign-™-t∏mƒ C.-Fw. kmdns‚ tkh\w ÿnc-ambn
hf¿®bpw am{X-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ Xe \ndsb At∏mƒ D≠m- Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn-ep-≠m-h-W-sa∂v _m∏p-ń-lm-Pn°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn.
da
bn-cp-∂-Xv. C.-Fw. km¿ CXv AwKo-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv GI-tZiw
¢mkv XpS-ßn-bX - n¬∏ns∂ Hmtcm ¢mkp-If - n¬ Ibdn Ipń-I- Hcp h¿j-°mew km¿ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse Hcp ÿnc A[ym-]I - s‚
w.
sf ]T-\-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ t{]cn-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv kmdns‚ tlm_n-bm- tdmfn-emWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb ]e ¢mkp-I-fn¬
w.
bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm ¢mknepw Ibdnbndßn hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSv kwkm- At±lw A∂v IW°pw kb≥kpw ¢msk-Sp-Øp. Hgnhp ka-b-
cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS am\-knI ]cn-k-c-ßƒ a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw ß-fn¬ a‰p ¢mkp-If - n¬ Ibdn Ipń-Isf ]T-\Ø - nepw Fgp-Ønepw
ww
Bi-¶I - f- I
- ‰n Ahsc Kl-\a - mb ]T-\ß- f
- n-te°v Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw hmb-\-bn-ep-sa√mw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp h¿j-
sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn-s\√mw hiy-amb Hcp {]tXyI Xcw Ignhpw tijw AZy-sØ-t∏m-se-Øs∂ CS-°n-sS-bp≈ hc-hmWv ]n∂oSv
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ImgvN-∏m-Sp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn-\v. A∂v Chn-SsØ BZy D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
_m®p-I-fnse hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v At±lw \nXy-ambn ¢msk-Sp-°p- Zmdp¬ lpZm hnZym¿Yn-If - psS lb¿ FPyp-t°-j\ - p-ambn _‘-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. s∏´v hfsc Imcy-£-a-am-bn-Øs∂ Nn¥n-®n-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿.
hnZym¿Yn- I sf A®- S - ° - a p- ≈ - h cpw k¿K- t i- j n- b p- ≈ - h - c p- ÿm]\ t\Xm-°t- fm-sSm-∂n®v X±zn-jb - I- a- mbn ]e bm{X-Ifpw \S-
am°nsbSp-°p-Is - b-∂X - mWv A∂v Imº-kn¬ At±lw kz¥-ambn Øn-bn-cp-∂p. 1994 ¬ _lm-D±- o≥ DkvXm-Zv, Ahdp amÃ¿ F∂n-hc - -
Gs‰-SpØv sNbvXn-cp∂ Hcp tPmen. AXn-\m¬ \nc-¥cw hnZym¿Yn- S-ßnb Hcp kwLw CtX Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn Hcp DØ-tc-¥y≥ bm{X
Iƒs°m-∏a - m-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚ Ne-\ß - ƒ. ]pXp-Xmbn hcp∂ \S-ØnbXv {]kn-≤-amWv. sslZ-cm-_mZv Dkvam-\nb bqWn-th-gvkn-
160 161
v Iw
‰n, Aen-K¿ apkvenw bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n, U¬ln F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.‰n °m≥ Cusbmcp ⁄m\ imJ Gsd klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v
Hmôkv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-em-bn-cp∂p kµ¿i\w. C.-Fw. kmdm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn\v Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kb≥kv hnj-b-ß-fn¬ hnZym¿Yn-
CXn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. 1993 Unkw-_¿ amkw A∂sØ Iƒ°v {]mY-an-Ia - mb Adn-hp-Iƒ aXn F∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚
Dkvam-\nb bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Ad-_nIv hn`mKw Xe-h≥ s{]m^. ImgvN∏ - m-S.v AXns‚ auenI XØz-ßf - n¬ sIń-ad- n™v Iptd kabw
kp¬Øm≥ aplvbp-±o≥ Zmdp¬ lpZm kµ¿in°pI-bp-≠m-bn. hrYm-hn-em-t°≠ Bh-iy-an-√. F∂m-epw, kz¥-ambn GsX-SpØp
m
AXns\ XpS¿∂mWv 94 ¬ kwLw Dkvam-\n-bb - n-te°v bm{X Xncn- ]Tn-°m\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈h - ¿°v At±lw F√m-hn[ tamń-th-j-
®n-cp-∂X - v. s{]m^-kd - p-sS hoń¬ henb kzoI-cW - w-Xs∂ Ah¿°v \pw t{]m’m-l-\-ßfpw \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-h¿ kz¥w
m
e`n-®p. Ignhv hn\n-tbm-Kn®v Ah Xs∂ FØn-∏n-Sn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
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Zmdp¬ lpZm°v AeoK¿ apkvenw bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bp-sS A^ven- At±-l-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cyw. CØcw kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw
Xß-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ kzbw hgn-Iƒ Is≠-
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tb-j≥ e`y-am-°n-bX - n\p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂Xpw C.-Fw. km¿
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Øp-sa∂pw At±lw Dd®phniz-kn-®p.
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn-®n-dß - p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v aX As∂ms° ÿm]-\-Øn¬ ùXnI A[ym-]-Isc ]pd-Øp-
da
hnj-b-ß-fnse _ncp-Z-tØm-sSm∏w ùXnI hnj-b-ß-fnepw AwKo- \n∂pw sIm≠p-h-∂n-cp-∂Xpw Ahsc C‚¿hyq \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xpw
Im-chpw k¿Sn-^n-°‰pw e`n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv A\n-hm-cy-amb Imcy-am- kmdm-bn-cp-∂p. IS-s™-SpØ hfsc anI-hp‰ A[ym-]-Isc am{X-
da
bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞nsb kw_- amWv At±lw sXcs™Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. AIp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Xm≥
‘n-®n-St- Ømfw B ]T\ Ime-bf - h
- n-\n-Sb
- n¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-\m-Ipw- Dt±-in-®-hn[w hfsc s]´∂v Ipń-Isf hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm≥
hu
hn-[-ap≈ tImgvkp-Itf sNøm≥ ]mSp-≈q. CXn¬ GsX-Sp-°-W- At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p. aX-hn-j-b-ß-fn-se-∂-t]mse ùXn-I-hn-j-
hu
sa-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p Hcp {]iv\w. Ct·m-bpsS _n.F sNø-em-bn-cn°pw b-ßfpw `mj-Ifpw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xnepw Zmdp¬ lpZm hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ
DØaw F∂ Xocp-am\w Aß-s\-bmWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. kmdns‚ Xocp- hfsc anSp°v ImWn-®n-cp-∂p.
rul
am-\-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. A∂sØ ]cn-Nbhpw kml-N-cyhpw sh®p- ÿm]-\-Øn¬ KÃp-Iƒ hcp-tºmsg√mw C.-Fw. km¿ Ahn-
t\m-°p-tºmƒ AXm-bn-cp∂p G‰hpw anI® hgn. AXp-sIm-≠p- SsØ A\n-hmcy km∂n-[y-am-bn-cp-∂p. DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ \n∂pw a‰p-
rul
Xs∂ Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse {]Ya _m®v hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Ct·m-bpsS sams° Bfp-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw ÿm]-\sØ ]cn-N-b-
Un{Kn-bmWv sNbvXn-cp-∂X - v. ]s£, Ccp-]Xv hb-km-bmte Ct·m s∏-SpØn kwkm-cn-®p At±-lw. hfsc kv^pU-ambn BwK-teb
da
Fgp-Xm≥ ]‰p-≈qsh∂Xv hnZym¿Yn-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw `mj-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°m≥ At±-lØ - n\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cusbmcp
_p≤n-ap-´p≈ Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. aX ]T-\-sØbpw tImgvkns\bpw tijn hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v ]I¿∂p-\¬Im\pw At±lw InW™p
da
CXv {]Xn-Iq-ea - mbn _m[n-°ptam F∂ t]Snbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CtX ]cn-{i-an®p. `mj Hgpt°msS ]d-bm≥ km[n°Wsa-¶n¬ kwkm-
XpS¿∂v C.-Fw. km¿ Xs∂ Imcy-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Xn-s\´mw cn-®p-Xs∂ ioen-°W - s
- a-∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚ \n¿tZ-iw. F¥v
w.
hb- k n- s e- ¶ nepw Un{Kn°p Ccn- ° m≥ h√ ª-≠d - m-bnt∏m-bmepw ]d-bm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ Imcyw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp∂
w.
Ah-kc - hpw D≠m-Iptam F∂v ]e-bn-Sß - f - nepw At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw hn[w Cw•o-jn¬ Xs∂ ]d-bm≥ {ian-°Wsa∂v At±lw D]-tZ-
sNbvXp. Aß-s\-bmWv ]n∂oSv Ipń-Iƒ Un{Kn sNøm-\mbn sslZ- in-®p. kwkm-cn-°m≥ hfsc kc-f-amb BwK-teb ssien-Iƒ
ww
cm-_m-Znse Dkvam-\nbm bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn-te°v t]mIp-∂X - v. AhnsS At±lw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Un{Kn sNøm≥ ]Xn-s\´v hbkv aXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Imen-°‰v bqWn- ]pdw tÃ‰p-I-fn-te°pw hntZi cmPy-ß-fn-te°pw Ddp-Zp, Ad-
ww
th-gkv n-‰n-bn¬ UnÃ≥kv Hm]¨ Un{K knÃw h∂-tXmsS ]n∂oSv _n, Cw•ojv `mjm {]kw-K-ßƒ°pw ZA-h-Øn-\p-ambn h¿jm-
Ahn-sS-\n-∂mbn Un{Kn. h¿jw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ t]mIp-∂-Xns\ At±lw h√msX {]iw-kn-
ÿm]- \ - Ø ns‚ BZyImew apX¬ Xs∂ hnZym¿Yn- I - ƒ ®n-cp-∂p. AXn-\mbn t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw
Un{Kn°v tkmtjym-f-Pn-bmWv sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. {]t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-∂p. CXn-\p-th≠ kuI-cy-ß-sfmcp-°m≥ t\Xm-°-tfm-
taJ-eb - nte°v Cd-ßm-\n-cn-°p∂ ]fin-Xsc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw sSm∏w Hcm- f mbn At±- l - h pw {]h¿Øn- ® p. CØcw Bh- i y-
kmaqly imkv{X-amWv G‰hpw DNnXsa∂mWv C.-Fw. km¿ I≠n- ßƒ°pw a‰p kwÿm-\ß - f - nse kl-ÿm-]\ N¿®-Iƒ°p-sa-√m-
cp-∂-Xv. Bfp-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS s]cp-am-‰-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v ]Tn- ambn At±lw ]e kwÿm-\ß - f- nepw bm{X sNbvXn-´p-≠.v ÿm]-
162 163
v Iw
\-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp AWp-aW - n-t]mepw sImXn-°m-sX-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu {]tXyIw AUvan-\n-kvt{S-j≥ kwhn-[m-\hpw Hmôkpw Imcym-e-
bm{X-I-sf-√mw. b-hp-sa√mw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v At±lw ]d-™p. \ne-hn-ep≈
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS Hmtcm hf¿®-bnepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnepw \√- Hmôkpw B Hmôkpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp _‘hpw D≠m-hm≥
t]mse A`n-am-\n-°p-Ibpw kt¥m-jn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp C.-Fw. ]mSn-√. Aßs\ ka-{Khpw kºq¿Æ-c-hp-amb Nn¥-I-fn-eqsS Hcp
km¿. s]s´∂v A\-h[n kl-ÿm-]\ - ß- ƒ IS-∂p-h∂ - X - ns\ Hcp hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb hmgvkn‰n kwhn-[m\w Imcy-£-a-am-bn-Øs∂
m
h≥ hnP-b-am-bn´mWv At±lw I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. hnhn[ ÿm]-\-ß- cq]-s∏-´p-h-c-W-sa∂v At±lw B{K-ln-®p. Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS hf¿®-
bn¬ At±lw Xo¿Øpw A`n-am-\n-X\m-bn-cp-∂p. bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-
m
fpsS ]T-t\m¬Lm-\S ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw A\p-_‘ NS-ßp-I-fn-ep-
sa√mw hfsc Xm¬]-cy-tØm-sS-Øs∂ At±lw ]s¶-Sp-Øp. kl- bpsS {]tXyI t_mUn-bn¬ AwK-amb At±lw bqWn-th-
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ÿm-]\ kµ¿i\ bm{X-If - nepw t\Xm-°ƒ°∏w At±lw t]mIp- gvkn‰n Ãm‰yq´v \n¿am-W-Øn¬ Imcy-£-a-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v.
bp.-hn.sI kmdmWv At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w CXn-\mbn D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
.co
am-bn-cp-∂p. c£n-Xm-°ƒ°v a°sf hnZy A`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚
{]m[m\yw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ \ne-°m-bn-cp∂p Ahn-S- Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS s{]mU-£-\n¬ Xo¿Øpw kwXr-]vX-\m-bn-
ß-fn-se√mw At±lw kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-km-\-ambn \S-Ønb cp∂p km¿. Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-I-fn¬ At±lw A`n-am-\n-°p-Ibpw
da
kl-ÿm-]\ bm{X-bnepw km¿ hfsc Xm¬]cy-tØmsS ]s¶-Sp- kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p-ap-ºn¬ Ncn-Xm¿∞-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.
Øn-cp-∂p. IÆq¿, Imk¿tImSv Pn√-If - nse ÿm]-\ß - f - n-te-°mWv Fhn-sS-bm-sW-¶n-epw, BcpsS apºn-em-sW-¶nepw Zmdp¬ lpZm-
da
At±lw CØ-hW t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv. sbbpw Ahn-SsØ hnZym¿YnIsfbpw Ipdn-®mWv At±lw kwkm-
Xs∂-s°m≠v hy‡n-]-c-ambn Ignbpw hn[-sa√mw Zmdp¬ cn-®n-cp-∂X
- v. kz¥w ÿm]-\Ø - n¬t]mepw Zmdp¬ lpZm k¥-Xn-I-
hu
lpZmsbbpw AXns‚ k¥-Xn-Is - fbpw Db-cß - f - n-te°v \bn-°m≥ fpsS tkh\w \nc-¥c - a
- mbn D≠m-h¬ At±-lØ - ns‚ \n¿_-‘a - m-
hu
km¿ {]b- X v \ n- ® p. Xs‚ hcp- X n- b n¬s]´ t{kmX- p- I - s f√mw bn-cp-∂p. F∂pw AXv D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Zmdp¬ lpZm-
At±lw F°m-ehpw AXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øn. {][m-\a - mbpw bn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn-®n-dß - p-∂h - sc Xs‚ \mń¬ t]mepw D]-tbm-Ks
- ∏-
Sp-Øm≥ At±lw _≤-{i-≤-\m-bn-. Ah¿ Hcp Imcy--\n-dß - n-bm¬
rul
Xs‚ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cmb A[ym-]-I-scbpw hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-
I-sc-bp-sa√mw At±lw ÿm]-\Ø - n¬ ¢msk-Sp-°m-\mbn sIm≠p- AXv hnP-b-Øn-se-Øp-sa∂v At±-l-Øn\v Dd-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-
rul
h-cn-Ibpw ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°mbn Ahsc D]-tbm-K-s∏- ≠p-X-s∂, ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw Ah-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-{]-h¿Øn-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]co-£-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw C‚¿hyp-Iƒ°v °m≥ Xm¬]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p.
da
t\XrXzw \¬Im\pw t]gvk-\m-en‰n Uh-e]vsa‚ v ¢mkp-Iƒ \S- * * *

Øm-\p-sam-s°-bmbn A\-h[n Ign-hp≈ ùXnI A≤ym-]-I¿ Zmdp¬ lpZm F∂ Bi-bsØ Bg-Øn¬ a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw
da
Aßs\ Imº-kn¬ Im¬ IpØn-bn-´p-≠v. hnZym¿∞n-Isf kw_- AXns‚ e£y-ßsf ]q¿Æm¿Y-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNbvX
‘n-®n-StØmfw am\-kn-I-ambn hf-cm\pw hnI-kn-°m\pw Ch hen-sbmcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p km¿. Xms\mcp ùXnI A[ym-]-I-
w.
F{Xtbm klm-b-I-{]-Z-am-bn-cp-∂p. \m-bn-´p-t]mepw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS e£yhpw hgnbpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw
w.
Zmdp¬ lpZm Hcp Ckv e m- a nIv bqWn- t h- g v k n‰nbmbn Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-XpamsW∂v At±lw Dd-®p-hn-iz-
A]vs{KbvUv sNbvX-t∏mƒ AXn¬ lrZ-b-adn™v kt¥m-jn® kn-®p. Zmdp¬ lpZm-bpsS Uyqń \n¿h-ln-°m≥ F∂pw Zmdp¬ lpZm
ww
Hcmfmbn-cp∂p km¿. Imc-Ww, At±-l-Øns‚ Nnc-Im-e tamlam- am{X-ta-bp≈q F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ adp-]-Sn.
bn-cp∂p AXv. ÿm]-\-Øns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ am{Xw IÆpw \´mWv
ww
Zmdp¬ lpZm ]q¿W s]men-hp-I-tfmsS hf¿∂p-hn-I-kn®p XpS-
At±lw Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv Xs∂. Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ At±- ßnb Imew. AXn-s\-Xnsc ]e Bt£-]-ßfpw Btcm-]-W-ßfpw
l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-Ifpw I≠m¬ Zmdp¬ lpZm Db¿∂p-h-∂n-cp-∂p. Ignhpw Xt‚-Shpw _p≤n-bp-ap≈ Ipń-Isf
am{Xta At±-lØ - ns‚ {]h¿Ø\ If-cn-bmbn D≈q-sh∂v tXm∂n- hf¿∂p-hn-I-kn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°msX Zmdp¬ lpZm Ahsc XS-
t∏m-Ipw. F∂m¬, CXp-t]mse A\-h[n ÿm]\ßfn¬ At±lw ™p-sh-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p A°m-Z-ao-jy-∑m-
\nd-km-∂n[yam-bn-cp-∂p. bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v IqSp- cn¬\n∂pw Db¿∂p-h-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Btcm-]-Ww. C.-Fw. km¿
X¬ hyh-ÿm-]n-Xhpw hkvXp-\n-jvTh - p-amb ImgvN∏ - m-Sp-Ifpw Nn¥- CØcw Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°v A°-an´v hfsc aq¿®-tb-dnb adp-]-Sn-
I-fp-amWv At±-lØ - n-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-°p-am-{X-ambn IƒXs∂ \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. tIc-f-Ønse samØw hnZym¿∞n-I-
164 165
v Iw
fn-te°v tN¿Øn t\m°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ 0.005 iX-am\w Ipń-Isf cy-ßƒ Fs¥√mw Fß-s\-sb√mw Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂v ap≥Iqń
am{Xta Zmdp¬ lpZm ]Tn-∏n-°m-\mbn sXc™Sp°p-∂p-≈q; _m°n- ImWp-Ibpw AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
bp-≈h - s
- c-sb√mw \nßƒs°-Sp-°mw; \nßƒ B{K-ln-°p-∂t- ]mse ∂p. ÿm]-\-Øn\v `qan hmßn-bn-Sm\pw ]pdØv ÿe-ßƒ kzcq-
F¥p-am-°n-am‰mw; \nßƒ Bi-¶-s∏-Sp∂ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ahsc ]n-°m\pw At±lw ]d-™n-cp-∂p.
]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn°mw F∂mWv At±lw ]d-™n-cp-∂- Hmtcm ÿm]-\Ø - n-s‚bpw akvXn-jvIa - m-bmWv At±lw Ahn-
m
Xv. as‰mcp \ne°v ]d-™m¬, Fßs\ ]Tn-°W - s
- at∂m Ftßm´v SsØ sse{_-dn-Is - f I≠n-cp-∂X - v. Nne bm{X-Iƒ Ign™v hcp-
t]mI-W-sat∂m Adn-bmsX hgn-apń \n¬°p∂ Ipń-I-sf-bmWv
m
tºm-sg√mw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bnse sse{_-dn-bn-te°v At±lw ]pkvX-
Zmdp¬ lpZm ]pdØv sIm≠p-h∂v kaq-l-Øn\v D]-I-cn-°p∂ I-ßƒ hßn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sse{_-dn-Iƒ Fßs\ D]-
.co
\ne°v hf¿Øns°m-≠p-hc - p-∂X - v. Zmdp¬ lpZm CXn-\mbn Cd-ßn- tbm-Kn-°W - s - a∂pw At±lw Ipń-Iƒ°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. hnime
∏p- d - s ∏- ´ n- ´ n- √ m- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬ Ah- s c√mw hgn amdn H∂n\pw
.co
hmb-\-bpsS Bfm-bn-cp∂ At±lw Ipń-Isf AXn-\mbn t{]cn-∏n-
sIm≈m-Øh - c- mbn amdnt∏mIpw. C.Fw. kmdns‚ Cu Zo¿LZrjvSn ®p.
]e XhW Zmdp¬ lpZm hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n FIvkm-
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ Ime-ßf - mbn \ne-\n-∂p-hc - p∂ at\m-lc
- a- mb
da
an¬ dm¶p-Iƒ t\Sn-b-tXmsS km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
kb≥kv em_ns‚ Bhn-jvI¿Ømhv C.-Fw. kmdmWv. At±lw
tkmtjym-fP - n-bnepw `mj-If - n-ep-sa√mw ]e XhW Ipń-Iƒ sÃbv‰v
]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-Hm-bn-ep≈ Ime-ØmWv _lm-D-±o≥ DkvXmZpw a‰pw
da
Xe-Øn¬ dm¶v t\Sn-bt- ∏mƒ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kt¥mjn-®Xv C.-
AhnsS At±-lsØ t]mbn ImWp-∂Xpw Zmdp¬ lpZm-bn¬ Hcp
Fw. kmdmWv At±-l-Øns‚ cl-ky-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ê-
em_ns‚ \n¿am- W - s Ø- ° p- d n®v kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ - X pw. em_ns‚
hu
ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ch. At±lw A∂p-]-tbm-Kn® Nn¥-bpsS ê-ßƒ
\n¿amWØn¬t]mepw ]q¿Æambpw {]mtbm- K nI Nn¥- I ƒ°v
ÿm]\w C∂mWv A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
hu
{]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cp∂ BfmWv At±-lw. [mcmfw km[-\ß - ƒ
Iptd k¿ń-^n-°‰ - p-Iƒ Hcp-°p-Iqń sh°p-Is - b-∂X
- √; Izmfn- hmßn em_v \nd-°p-I-sb-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Ahiyw A\n-hmcy-amb
‰n-bp-≠m-hp-I-sb-∂-XmWv Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ Bg-a-f-°m-\p≈
rul
km[-\-ß-sfbpw km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ km[-\-ß-sfbpw
t^m¿ap-es - b-∂mWv km¿ ]d-™n-cp-∂X - .v kz¥w Adn-hn\v Bghpw am{Xta At±lw hmßn-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. hmßp-∂Xv Xs∂ hfsc
rul
]c-∏p-ap-s≠-¶n¬ GXv Bfpw Hcn-°e - s- √-¶n¬ as‰m-cn-°¬ Ahs\ kq£va-X-tbm-sS-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw. Ipń-Isf AXn-\mbn
tXSn-sb-Øp-sa∂v At±lw Dd-∏n-®p-]-d™p. A\p-io-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hfsc imkv{Xo-bhpw t{]mtbm-Kn-
da
Z¿kv DkvXm-Zp-am-scbpw tImtfPv A[ym-]-I-scbpw Xmc-Xayw I-hp-am-bn-cp∂p ]≠p-ap-Xte ÿm]-\Ø - nse kb≥kv ¢mkp-Iƒ.
sNøp-tºmƒ DkvXm-Zp-am-sc-bmWv km¿ F∂pw H∂mw ÿm\Øv C.-Fw. kmdns‚ {]h¿Ø\ ê-am-bmWv CXv km[n-X-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
da
sh®n-cp-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, Hcp Z¿knse DkvXmZv Htc kabw ^nJvlpw C∂pw Imº-kn¬ kb≥kv taJ-eb - nep≈ B Hcp Pzcw AkvXa - n-
lZokpw X^vkodpw \lvhpw F√mw ¢msk-Sp-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ °msX \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Zmdp¬ lpZmsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
w.
hy‡n-bm-bn-cn-°pw. Xo¿Øpw hyXy-kvX-amb ⁄m\ imJ-I-fm- AXns‚ Bflm-h-dn™ \mb-I≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. F¥v
w.
Wn-hs - b-√mw. F∂m¬, Hcp tImtfPv A[ym-]I - s\ kw_-‘n-®n-S- tPmen-Øn-c° - p-If
- n-em-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw Hcp \ng¬ t]mse At±lw
tØmfw Ah≥ kvs]jy-ssekv sNbvX hnjbw am{Xta Ah\v ÿm]-\t- Øm-sSm∏w ]ptcm-KX - n-bn-te°v \S∂p IbdpIbm-bn-cp-∂p.
ww
Adn-bp-I-bp-≈q. AXn-e-∏pdw GXv hnj-b-sa-SpØp tNmZn-®mepw

Ah-\-Xn¬ bmsXmcp Adnhpw Xs∂ D≠mIp-∂-X-√. Z¿kns‚
ww
t{]mtbm-Kn-I-X-bnepw hf¿®-bnepw Nn¥-bn-ep-sa√mw Dd-®p-hn-iz-kn-
°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Hcp-]mSv {]Xo-£I - ƒ ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂
Bfm-bn-cp∂p km¿. At±-l-Øns‚ Z¿kn-eq-sS-bp≈ ]T\ hgn-
Xs∂ CXn\v G‰hpw hy‡-amb DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
GsXmcp Imcy-am-bmepw hfsc apt∂m´v t\m°n-bmWv km¿
sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Ft∏mgpw hnPbw ImWp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu Zo¿L
ho£-Ww. hf¿∂p-hc - p∂ Hcp ÿm]-\Ø - ns‚ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-
166 167
v Iw
well as the social, political, cultural and economic spheres, reflected
these intra-religious debates, and the shifts in the debates. Intra
ideological dialogues traveled through decades with different shapes,
and the traditional intelligentsia began to think a step forward dream-
ing a creative and constructive future. That led to the transforma-
m
Post-Rebellion Malabar’s Educational Involvements:
tion in the educational stereotypes, which strengthened by the ad-
m
Transitions from Intra-Religious Debates to Combined Educations vent of Prof. E. Muhammad-like people. The realization of the
Prof. E. Muhammad’s Position in the History of Religious Education
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combined education and mould(ing) of a religious scholastic world,
of Mappilas.1 which will address the challenges from both material and religious
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worlds, was the outcome of their activities. That is what we are
analyzing in the biographical study of Prof. Muhammad.
da
Mahmood Kooria I have classified the religious educational history of Mappilas
da
Centre for Historical Studies, School of Social Sciences, after the Malabar Rebellion to four stages, chronologically. The
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi transition from one stage to another was a product of dialectical
hu
struggles, which anti-thesis fought with thesis, the existing stages,
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and produced synthesis, the following/new stages. In the second
Just after the classical Malabar Rebellion of 1921-22, part of the paper, I have attempted to locate Prof. Muhammad in
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Mappilas’ social, political, religious and cultural inclusions took a one of the stages. His identity is the main concern of this part, and
turn from inter-religious activities into very intra-religious the same thing is what giving the importance to his personality and
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shrinkanges.2 The egalitarian community was divided into two dif- socio-religious and academic life. The final part is a survey of his
ferent sects by the advent of the rational religious ideology against involvements and contributions on the basis of his identity, which
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the traditional ideology. The associational trends took its roots substantiates the third stage of transition in the educational system
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among the sects which led to the cultivation of many specialized- from the intra-religious debates to the constructivism of the com-
organizations for their own ideologies. Rationalists started the or- bined education.
w.
ganizational set-ups and the traditionalists’ organization was a FOUR STAGES IN THE EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF
MAPPILAS AFTERMATH THE REBELLION
w.
counter-movement, but it grabbed the mass support. The follow-
ing decades’ up to now, the history of the Mappilas was constructed Nine decades of educational involvements of the Mappilas
ww
on the basis of this division, which developed through different after the classical Malabar Rebellion can be divided into four stages:
ww
sub-sects for each sect. the primary stage of establishing organizations and continuing the
While evaluating the life contributions of Prof. E. Muhammad, traditional educational methods, secondary stage of constructivism
as he deserves a notable position in the religious educational his- and of educational popularization thrusting on the intra-religious
tory of Mappilas, we have to start from these backgrounds. After debates, third stage of transformation and emergence of the com-
the division among the Mappilas, the community’s entire energy bined education, and fourth stage of fledging the combined educa-
was utilized mostly for the sake of the sectarian debates for long tion which continues even in the present decade. We can discuss
decades. The religious educational system of the community, as each stage in detail, which will help us to understand the position of
168 169
v Iw
Prof. Muhammad in the educational history of Mappilas’ religious ganization was the main concern of both sects. So, the traditional
expressions: religious educational system was continued through Othupallis,3
Primary Stage of Organizational Establishments (1923- Darses4 and rare Arabic Colleges.5 There wasn’t any worthy men-
1950): The religious rationalist ideologists started the organization educational renovations or revolutionary steps.
m
tional set-ups with the establishment of Kerala Jamiyathul Ulama, In the last decade of the first stage, another organization was
which was forwarded by the Kerala Muslim Aikya Sangam. also appeared in the sectarian milieu of Mappilas, following the
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Preaching of the ideologies of earliest scholars like Ibn Taimiyya fundamentalist ideologies of Abul Aa’la Madudi, namely Jamaath-
.co
and Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab, and the later scholars like i-islami. They also were concerned with the same anxieties of the
.co
Jamaluddin Afghani, Muhammad Abdu and Rashid Riza was the other sects in the organizational level. But the second half of the
aim of the leading cults behind the organization. Traditional schol- last decade saw the anti-theses against the thesis of the ‘prevent-
ars became aware of the hidden agendas of the new organization, ing’ approach. Here onwards, the wants for the changes in the
da
when Jamiyathul Ulama decided to organize a conference in the educational fields began to arise and the educational spheres started
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northern part of the Kerala, i.e., in the Malabar. They organized to enter to mixture of the constructivist-preventing movements.
systematically against the rationalist ideologies in the leadership of Secondary Stage of Mixed Constructionism and
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Varakkal Mullakkoya Tangal, the noted and celebrated leader and Defentives (1950-1980): The anti-theses of the primary stage
hu
scholar of that time. That was a turning point in the history of led to the formation of a synthesis, the secondary stage of mixed
Mappilas which transformed the up-to then inter-religious activi- constructivism and preventives, which lasted another thirty years.
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ties to mere intra-religious shrinkings. Each organization began to Leaving aside the mere sectarian debates, traditional Muslim schol-
use their full power and energy to substantiate their own ideologies ars began to introduce new systems for the religious empower-
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and counter the other’s. Culturally, socially, economically and theo- ment of the community. Attempts to popularize the organizations
logically Mappilas divided into two parties at all, and henceforth starting specialized sub-organizations for youths, teachers, and stu-
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their all involvements were only for their own organization, which dents; activities to open regional and district level branches for the
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each considered their activities as part of the meritorious religious organization; appointing organizers only for the popularization of
activity. the organization, etc. are some of the steps from the side of the
w.
The educational field also reflected the same ideologies of the traditionalist organization in a creative and constructive aspect. Even
w.
sectarian debates. But, in the primary stage we see the debates though, the media and expressions of preventivism were existed in
only occurring outside the curriculum of religious academics. The the community.
ww
debaters, scholars, writers, and orators of each sect were using Educationally, in the Karyavattam Conference of 1945, Sayyid
ww
their knowledge which they acquired from the traditional religious Abdul Rahman Bafaqi Tangal6 requested the scholars to establish
curriculum. The sectarian activists were busy with the organiza- new educational systems for the religious education of the chil-
tional engagements and therefore, they didn’t pay much attention dren. Starting with this anti-thesis of the primary stage, this request
to the academic field. Traditionalists were attempting to prevent generated deep thoughts in the minds of traditional scholars about
the invasion of rationalist ideology to the minds of common people, new educational system. The introduction of Madrasas was the
and the religious rationalists were working hard for preaching their outcome, which was a revolutionary step in the religious history of
ideologies. Along with this, establishing and strengthening the or- the Mappilas. In the leadership of Samastha Kerala Islam Matha
170 171
v Iw
Vidyabhyasa Board, the new organization specialized for religious who were experts in the substantiating their own ideologies. De-
education; the Madrasas began to work actively in each and every baters like Pati Abdul Qadir Musliyar,11 Vaniyambalam Abdul
corners of the Mappila community with great popular support, Rahman Musliyar,12 E.K. Hasan Musliyar13 were controlled the
educating the children the theology and practices of Islam. religious mainstream, and were very popular orators among the
Mappilas, during this stage.14
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The Arabic colleges began to be popularized, which were very
rare in the primary stage, and those got its relevance all over the
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Malabar. Up to then, there were only two Arabic colleges in During the second stage, the material educational steps were
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Malabar namely Darul Uloom Vazhakkad and Islahul Uloom Ara- also fast growing in the landscapes of Malabar. The political under
.co
bic College Tanur. By the starting of the last decade in the first flowing aftermath the Malabar Rebellion and Partition of India,
stage, new Arabic colleges began to arise in different corners of rather than the Independence of India, made various pathetic and
the Malabar,7 and about 50 colleges were established in the short- sympathetic turns in the socio-political life of the Mappilas. The
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span of the secondary stage.8 According to the system of Arabic discussions on those sides will steel the pages, and anyway, after
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colleges, the higher education in the religious subjects became very the formation of Kerala State in 1957 and the energetic inclusions
accessible to the common Mappilas from their own homelands. of the Indian Union Muslim League in the Kerala Assemblies made
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Before that, Mappilas were largely depended the institutions out- a prideful address and existence for the Mappilas. As a by-prod-
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side the Kerala, either in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar uct of these physical developments many colleges were inaugu-
Pradesh, etc. In the system of Arabic colleges new reforms in the rated in the Malabar.15 And overall University of Calicut was also
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educational systems like black board, bench and desk, examina- established during this period. Mappilas began to think about pro-
tions, periods, etc. were also followed. Each sect in the commu- viding material education to their children, utilizing the new arisen
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nity opened their own Arabic colleges, and each sect chose a main opportunities in their courtyards. Within a short period Mappilas
college as their main centrality.9 These multiple-choice colleges understood the possibilities of the new educational institutions and
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opened a new door in the religious education, and helped to they were largely attracted to those.
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strengthen the sectarianism among the new generation and to gen- The traditional scholars and intellectuals of the community were
erate new mouth-pieces for each ideology.10 understanding the underflows occurring in the community. They
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Even though, this stage was a constructive stage, sort of hang thought about the solutions which led to the third stage of the reli-
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over of the previous preventivism was greatly confined the con- gious educational development. The attempts to combine both re-
structive activities. All kinds of renovations were targeted a sort of ligious and material educations were the outcome.
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preventions and debates with the counter-part ideologists, as we Third Stage of Combining Stage/Transformative Period
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see in the sectarian division of the Arabic colleges and assuming a (1980-2000): As a reflection to the increasing popularity of mate-
centrality. Therefore we can say, both stages were stages of each rial education, it was began to appear the anti-theses against the
ideological institution’s prevention the counter-part. Both traditional second stage in 1970s itself, the last decade of that stage. Reli-
and reformative stages of religious education were concentrated gious institutions began to think about giving the university degrees
on the debates. Subjects like logic, debating sciences, etc. were along with the religious education,16 and many institutions were
widely taught in the traditional Darses, and newly popularized Arabic newly established in this purpose.17 Many religious intelligentsias
colleges. Great debaters were the leaders of each organizations,
172 173
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worked hard for the realization of this combine education, and Madrasas, the Darses were addressing changes. The hands be-
usually there were wide protests against this, in seventies. But by hind these attempts tried to teach both material and religious edu-
the advent of new decade, the protests were lessened and that cation to the Mappila students. The justification of giving both
facilitated new intellectuals to work well in the religious educa- knowledge was, to mould a new generation of religious scholars
tional landscapes, which led to the introduction of the new stage. who can address the challenges of the modern world. Regarding
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Many factors have played a vital role in the formation of new the stamp of the material education, languages other than Arabic,
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stage, which was a clear transformation from the intra-religious like English, Urdu and Malayalam, social sciences and sciences
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debates to much more constructivist approaches to the educa- were taught. But, anyway, the ‘Model Darse’ experiment was a
failure, and it didn’t grab much popular attention. It shrank among
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tional and cultural fields. Dropping out of the logical texts from the
syllabus of Darses, through a resolution of Samastha Kerala a specialized ‘high thinking’ intelligentsia of traditionalist scholars
Jamiayathul Ulama,18 marked the lessening importance of the de- for years.
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bates in the religious life of the Mappilas. Demises of great debat- By this time there advanced, a well known centre for com-
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ers of the second stage like Pati Abdul Qadir Musliyar, bined education, Darul Huda Islamic Academy, which grabbed
Vaniyambalam Abdul Rahman Musliyar, and E. K. Hasan Musliyar much and more popular attention than Model Darses. Most of the
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also made huge gaps which never filled in the arenas of intra-reli- activists behind Darul Huda were the same who were with the
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gious debates. The new generation of leaders and intellectuals were ideas of ‘Model Darses’. The combination of the religious and
more concerned with the changing social and educational trends of material subjects, with an importance to religious education was
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the community. Thoughts about reforming the traditional religious the motto of Darul Huda. Students were selected only through
educational centers and introducing new methods of education were entrance examinations and interview. With a proposed course-pe-
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getting roots among them. riod of twelve years Darul Huda developed its own parallel cur-
Thoughts and activities of M.M Basheer Musliyar19 are men- riculum providing a post-graduation in the religious education, and
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tion worthy in this regard. Those dragged great changes and influ- a under graduate degree in the material education. Within a short
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ences in the educational landscapes, which was a great scream for period, many old and new institutions were affiliated to Darul Huda.
the combination between religious and material education, and for The affiliation of Tanur Islahul Uloom is mention worthy, as it was
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leaving mere intra-religious debates, to enter to more constructive one of the important religious higher education centres in the earli-
est times. This is more than enough to substantiate the transforma-
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activities and educational systems. He was the brain behind all kinds
of attempts to combine material and religious education, whether tion from the intra-religious debates to the combined educational
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is it Model Darses or Arabic Colleges. Katameri Rahmaniyya system.
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Arabic College was evaluated through his first experimental appli- Fourth Stage of Great Acceptance to the Combined Edu-
cation, and later on he shifted to establishment of a new institution cation (2000- 2010): The anti-theses emerged in the last stage of
with a motto of combined education, that is Darul Huda Islamic religious education, were completely against the specialized cur-
Academy.20 riculum of the religious education. The whole community began to
‘Model Darses’ were the first leap in this regard, which started prefer the only institutions which will provide both material and
under Sunni Mahallu Federation, in Malappuram District. The tra- religious education. Therefore the synthesis, i.e. the fourth stage is
ditional way of acquiring religious knowledge after Othupallis and the period of wide acceptance of combined education in different
174 175
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forms and styles, that inaugurated by Darul Huda Islamic Acad- sitions from one stage to another, made remarkable shifts not only
emy. in the educational scenario, but also in the economic, cultural, so-
Co-ordination of Islamic Colleges under Markaz al cial, physical and religious spheres too. As the paper is discussing
Tharbiyyathil Islamiyya, Valanchery21 formed a new syllabus re- the biographical position of Prof. E. Muhammad in the history of
the religious education, we have to concentrate in one or two stages.
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garding the combined education in the starting of the new millen-
nium. The eight years long course was offered to the eligible stu- Usually, we reach to the second stage as for contextualizing his
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dents with an eligibility of SSLC and Seventh standard of Madrasa backgrounds in a broader locus; and we reach to the third stage as
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education. The students who admitted in the institutions were pro- his arena of live academic activities and involvements.
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vided a post graduate degree in religious education and a under Bridging Traditional Ideology and Material World
graduate degree in English and Comparative Literature. Co-ordi- While the scrutiny of the second stage in detail, it is very clear
nation of Islamic Colleges widely coordinated such like institutions, that there is gap between religious and material education. We dis-
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and within a short span they affiliated around thirty institutions all cussed that, as a result of the popularization of Arabic colleges and
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over the Kerala. revolutionary steps towards the children’s education through
While Co-ordination of Islamic Colleges’ revolutionary step Madrasas, and the widened recognition of material education from
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forwards was in the first years of the fourth stage, in the last years newly arrived colleges, among the community, through the bet-
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another coordination was formed under Jamia Nuriya Arabic Col- tered physical environments of political involvements; both reli-
lege, the most famous Arabic college and centrality of traditional- gious and material education were developed much more, com-
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ists from the second stage onwards. The new co-ordination, Jamia paring to previous stage. This positive level of achievements, both
Coordination Committee came into reality in 2010, promoting both religiously and physically, was enrooted with a kind of negative
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religious and material education, and coordinated 24 institutions in facet also. That is, the strengthening of the division between the
the first year itself. The affiliated colleges were specialized either materialists and religionists. The traditional religious educational
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for the students who completed SSLC or for who has to appear centers and newly popularized Arabic colleges produced hundreds
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for SSLC. Starting with the secondary education, Association plans of religious scholars, and new materialist centralities produced hun-
to provide senior secondary and under graduation during the study dreds of materialists and professionals. Both centralities contrib-
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at affiliated colleges and after that for the post graduation in the uted to the growth of the community in great margin. But, the deep-
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religious studies they would send to Jamia Nooriyya. rooted problem was that any group didn’t intermingle with each
Besides these coordinated institutions there are a lot of odd other. Materialists went in their own way, while Musliyars firmly
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and alien institutions, which also provide both religious and com- stood in their own traditional ways;22 the same thing that is what
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bined education. Most of it was established either in the last years continuing even nowadays in North India.
of the third stage or in the fourth stage, as usually. The constructive Most of the Muslim materialists, who came from traditional
leaps and systematized educational approaches were the concern backgrounds, after or between completing the study reached to
of all these kinds of institutions. the rational religious ideologies, either became the strong activists
To sum up, these four stages are the markers in the gradual or became supporters or co-travelers. Meanwhile, the material-
evolutionary history of the Mappilas’ religious education. The tran- ists, who firmly stood in the traditional ways and didn’t chase be-
hind the rational religious ideologies, were laughed at as ‘Sunni
176 177
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Professors.’ On the same way, the Musliyars never came to the Muhammad. Therefore, Muhammad realized his responsibilities
landscapes of the material education regularly, and anyway if any to bridge between to different edge-standing worlds of traditional
Musliyar came to think and act on the language and knowledge of religious educational world and material educational world. Mak-
materialists, they were labeled as ‘Mujahids’.23 In addition, the ing opportunities for the mutual exchanges was what was needed
management of two noted materialist colleges in the Malabar that at that time, and he attempted for that. The outcome was the inter-
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established during the second stage, were under the management linking/bridging of the materialists and the traditional religionists,25
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of the religious rationalists, and in the beginning they used to con- which led to the third stage of the combined education, and facili-
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duct ‘religious study classes’ to brainwash the students who came tated by the religious intelligentsia of that time like M.M. Basheer
from the traditional backgrounds.24 That also strengthened the un- Musliyar.
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derflow of Muslim materialists to the religious rational ideologies. Because, on the same occasion there was occurring the healthy
Prof. Muhammad’s academic career happened in these con- debates among traditional religious scholars on acquirement of all
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texts, both as a student and as teacher. He firmly stood in the tra- kinds of education, as a common responsibility of the community.
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ditional beliefs instead of deviating from the tradition. Not only The thoughts and activities of M.M. Basheer Musliyar and his col-
stood like that, he was completely understood his stand-point, both leagues were getting its roots and grounds among the traditional
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religiously, as a traditionalist, and a materially, as a learned man. In academicians. The presence and involvements of the peoples like
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opposite to his colleagues, whoever from traditional backgrounds Prof. Muhammad made it easier in the practical level. Muhammad’s
or rational religious backgrounds, Prof. Muhammad got both reli- activities were a fulfillment of his own responsibilities and realiza-
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gious and material education. He was studied in the traditional edu- tions of his dreams, along with the opening of an opportunity to the
cational system Dars, under well known Islamic scholar Kottumala world of combination of material and religious education.
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Aboobakr Musliyar in Panayathil Dars at Parappanangadi, EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATIONAL IN-
Malappuram District. After years of religious learning, he pursued VOLVEMENTS
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further material education and got his Degree and Masters in Sci- Prof. Muhammad’s career as an academician even though had
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ence from Farook College and Maharajas College Eranakulam started from seventies onwards, he began to interfere as an inter-
respectively. Therefore, he was a representative of the traditional linker and mediator between religious and material education from
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ideologies in the material world, and vice versa. eighties onwards. Intellectual support to the traditional and mate-
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After the getting post graduation, while he was working as a rial world; that was what time needed from him, and he tried to
teacher and Head of the Department of Chemistry in PSMO Col- give it with full-fledge through his academic involvements. The ad-
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lege, some of his colleagues from traditional backgrounds were vancement into the active socio-religious issues was a result of his
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indulged in intra-religious debates and arising questions against ra- frequent contacts with the traditional scholars like Usthad C.H.
tional religious ideologies. Instead of following this non-construc- Aidroos Musliyar.26 Usthad was one of the great activists with M.M.
tive method, Prof. Muhammad thought about constructive activi- Basheer Musliyar to realize the dream of material-religious combi-
ties. Even though there were a lot of materialists from traditional nation. In the first half of the eighties, the Model Darses, as solu-
backgrounds and who were firmly believed in traditional ideolo- tion for the combination problem, was proved as a fruitless or fail-
gies, they greatly lacked the knowledge of traditional religious ure. Just after that the thoughts about an institution was strength-
knowledge, which was a meritorious point in the account of E. ened, and the will power and selfishness less of Dr. U. Bapputty
178 179
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Haji27 brought it into reality as Darul Huda Islamic Academy. The the Madrasa education system, as according to the strict regula-
foundation stone was laid in 1983, and the classes were started in tions of the management, those were opened by 9 o’clock itself in
1986. During this period Prof. Muhammad kept a good contact the morning. The students were unable to maintain the time of
with the founding hands of the institution, and helped them to bring Madrasas and schools, and parents preferred to drop out the
the combination into a practicable level. The challenge of provid- Madrasa education. This was a Pandora’s Box, as a lot of stu-
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ing material education to the religious educating students, without dents were blocked from the religious education. Even the Muslim
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interrupting their religious education and lessening the importance managements were unable to provide religious education to their
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of material subjects, was maintained beautifully. The students of students, as the text books were in Arabic or Arabi-Malayalam.
Darul Huda are the best substantiations for the victory of his selec- These kinds of problems were addressed by Prof. Muhammad, as
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tion of choices. Till the last breath, Prof. Muhammad continued as he firstly prepared the notes in English for the school under Bafaqi
the head of the non-religious education. Yatheem Qana in the last half of the 1980s, according to the sug-
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The non-religious syllabus that prepared under the guidance gestions of C.H. Aidroos Musliyar. Here also we see the capabili-
ties of Muhammad as a religious scholar, traditionalist, language
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of Prof. Muhammad for Darul Huda, was a guiding star to all other
later institutions which followed the combined educational system. expert, and moreover a psychologist who understands the men-
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Although they might have made changes according to their facili- talities of children. Later, under his own guidance, these notes were
developed as text books in English, which became best sellers in
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ties and circumstances, the fundamental outline was the same. The
importance to the social science subjects than the science sub- the market.28
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jects, computer education, extra-curricular activities, including ba- Maintaining the morality and strict disciplines in the material
sic science subjects and preparing a laboratory for whom may educational worlds through a religious viewpoint was done by Prof.
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wish to study more in the scientific subjects, etc. are mention wor- Muhammad. His religious knowledge and awareness that he ac-
thy in this regard. Even though Muhammad’s academic specializa- quired from the traditional religious centers, guided him in the ma-
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tion was science subjects, he never compelled to apply those in terial world also. He was a strict disciplinarian29 in its full sense,
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the combination syllabus. He understood the inapplicability of the and students, regardless age, division, class, and department, con-
science in a curriculum of combining education, which the students sidered him with a sort of ‘moral teacher’. A simple look or gaze
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are compelled to strain more and more than the specialized stu- that he did made great influence among the students, and everyone
dents of religious or material education. But, he noticed not to drop respected him with a sort of scare. These kinds of practices were
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out the basic science subjects in the preliminary classes, at least till only visible in the religious traditional academic world, but Prof.
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the tenth standard. Anyway, even though there is around hundred Muhammad’s life and approaches constructed a circle of ‘disciples
institutions that providing combined education, none of it not pro- with discipline’ around him. His career in PSMO College, and later
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viding the materialist specialization in the science subjects, which is on in his own Farook group of institutions proves these character-
foreseen by Prof. Muhammad years back. istic very well.
Along with the syllabus-preparation of combining studies, Prof.
Muhammad’s contributions toward the religious education in the
newly popularized English medium schools also are worthy men-
tion. The English medium schools were really arising problems for
180 181
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Notes/References Islamic studies through Arabic medium. The later system was accepted
1 and popularized m
Acknowledgments: I have greatly benefited from the help and
encouragement of many people for the fruition of this monograph. I am ore than the earlier.
grateful to Dr. Bahauddeen Muhammad Nadwi for allocation of a space in 6
Sayyid Abdul Rahman Bafaqi Tangal is an influential religious
this volume, to P.P. Muhammad Faizy for generously sharing his time and political leader, who had been President of Indian Union Muslim League
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knowledge on the history of traditional Mappilas after 1920s, to C.K. Abdu State Committee as well as Treasurer of Samastha Kerala Islam Matha
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Musliyar for thoughtful discussions on the traditional educational systems, Vidyabhyasa Board until his death in 1973. While he participated in the
to Moin Malayamma. activities of Samastha, his main concern was the religious educational
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2
Kooria, Mahmood, 2010, Saif al Battar and Uddathul Umara: Mappila empowerment of the community. As well as he motivated the traditional
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Identity Creation, Formation and Transformation, Paper presented at Centre scholars to think about a religious educational system for children, Tangal
for Arabic and African Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. directed and led the scholars in the establishment of Jamia Nooriyya Arabic
3 College, and worked tremendously for the realization. He suggested
Othupalli was the religious center of Mappilas as Quranic school or
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Samastha to control Islahul Uloom Arabic College directly and worked to
maktab. Though the exact organisational setup of the early Othupallies is
uplift it to its old status. As wrote C.H. Muhammad Koya, Bafaqi Tangal
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not known, it is assumed that Othupalli has originated during early phases
even resigned from the membership of the SSM Polytechnic Managing
of Muslim settlements. Otthupallis, mostly adjacent to the mosques,
hu Committee, to partake actively in the activities of Jamia Nooriyya.
provided religious and Arabic education orally for both boys and girls, by
7
teachers called Musliyars, Mullakkas, or Mullas. Until the advent of Arabic colleges that established in 1940s are Aliya Arabic College
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Madrasas, those were sole institutions to get primary religious education Shamnad (1941), Rauzathul Uloom College Faroke (1942), Sullamussalam
and to learn Qur’an. - Zubair, K., 2006, Development and Modernization of College Arecode (1944), and Madeenathul Uloom College Pulikkal (1947).
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Religious Education in Kerala: Role of Samastha Kerala Jamiyath ul Ulama: 8

The important Arabic colleges that established during this period
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Unpublished Dissertation, Centre for Arabic and African Studies, School are Quvvathul Islam Arabic College, Talipparamba (1950), Islamiyya
of Languages and Cultural Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New College, Santhapuram (1955), Islamiyya College, Kutyadi (1956), Maunathul
Delhi. Islam Arabic College, Ponnani (1958), Anavarul Islam College, Kuniyil
da
4
Dars system, also attached with mosques, is the most fundamental (1960), Hidayathul Islam, Poonthura (1960), Ihyaaul Sunnah Arabic College,
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type and the longest lasting educational system in Islam pioneered by the Othukkungal (1961), Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College, Pattikkadu (1964),
Prophet himself. Darses, in the names of ‘mosque schools’ and ‘mosque Jamia Nadwiyya, Edavanna (1964), Jamia Wahabiyya, Wandur (1966),
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colleges’, developed and transformed in various forms throughout the Jannathul Uloom Arabic College Palakkad (1967), Islamiyya College,
centuries. It was popularized and celebrated during the period of Makhdums Chendamangallur (1967), Anvariyya Arabic College, Pottachira (1969),
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as centralities of higher secondary and collegiate educations of Islamic Jamia Badriyya College, Pazhakkappally (1970), Jamia Sa’adiyya, Kalanadu
theology and related studies. In earlier times, there were Darses in every (1971), Rahmaniyya Arabic College, Katameri (1972), Anvarul Islam Arabic
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Juma mosques in the Muslim populated localities. College, Tirurkkad (1973), Jamia Kausariyya, Edatthala (1975), Darul Ma’arif,
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5 Valiyora (1976), Rasheediyya College, Edavannappara (1976), Darussalam
Arabic Colleges are higher education centers parallel to the Dars
College, Nandi (1976), Darunnajath Islamic Centre, Karuvarakkundu (1977),
system, with application of modern educational developments. In the
Markazu Ssaqafathi Sunniyya, Karanthur (1978) and Jamia al Hasaniyya,
context of Kerala, Vazhakkad Thanmiyathul Uloom Madrasa (later, Darul
Vazhakkulam (1979).
Uloom Arabic College) is the first in the history that established in 1871 by
9
Koyappathodi family. Later on, Arabic colleges developed in two forms, In this regard, Pattikkadu Jamia Nooriya Arabic College was the
one aimed at learning Arabic language, and the other stood for teaching centre of traditionalists, Madeenathul Uloom Arabic College was of
182 183
v Iw
religious rationalists, and Jamia Islamiyya Santhapuram was of Jamaath-i- studies in 1973. Later it shrank to mere an institution providing language
Islami. course in Arabic under University of Calicut.
10 17
Madeenathul Uloom College, Sullamussalam College, Rauzathul Rahmaniyya Arabic College, Katameri is the best example.
Uloom College, Jamia Islamiyya Santhapuram, and Jamia Nadwiyya are 18
Faizy, M.P. Musthafal, (ed.), 1985, Samastha: Decisions, Resolutions,
some of the Arabic colleges established by rational religionists. Most of Criticisms, and Answers, in Samastha 60th Anniversary Souvenir, Samastha
m
the colleges established during this period were under the traditionalists. Kerala Jamiyathul Ulama, Kozhikkode.
m
11
Pati Abdul Qadir Musliyar was a celebrated debater from southern 19
M.M. Basheer Musliyar was well known organizer and popular
Kerala. Born in Kattanam and educated in Occhira under Vazhakkad
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intellectual among traditionalist scholars, as many people called him he
Muhammad Musliyar. His debates at Nediyiruppu, with Edavanna Alavi was an‘intellectual raksasa’ of Samastha Kerala Jamiyathul Ulama. He
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Maulavi on Muhyiddeen Mala, Malappuram, Manjeri, Kozhikkode, organized many convocations and conferences which became part of
Mannarkkad and Vengara are very famous. After nine years stay at Malabar, history of Samastha. Basheer Musliyar came with many new projects and
Pati passed away on March 30, 1958. plans for the reformation of the society and traditional education systems.
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12
Vaniyambalam Abdul Rahman Musliyar was a multi-lingual scholar After graduating from Vellore Baqiyath al Swalihath he conducted Darses
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who well-versed in Arabic, Urdu, Persian and English. After the graduation at Achanambalam, Mattatthur, Velimukku, Kondotti and Katameri. Passed
from Vellore Baqiyath al Swalihath he worked as Qazi and Mudarris in away on January 22, 1987.
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Areecode, Putthalam, Koorad, Vittikkattiri and Vaniyambalam. He fought 20
Darul Huda Islamic Academy was established in 1986. M.M. Basheer
against the fake-tariqaths among Muslim community. Mainly his debates Musliyar was the first president and principle. Dr. U. Bapputty Haji, the
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were against Jamaath -i- Islami, Tableeg Jamaath and Noorisha Tareeqath. founding father of Darul Huda was the General Secretary. In 2010, Academy
Passed away on Deceber 4, 1980. was upgraded as Islamic University by Sayyid Muhammadali Shihab
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13
E.K. Hasan Musliyar was a popular and sarcastic debater, and Tangal. Now the University works in four faculties of Usul al dhin wal
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brother of E.K. Abubakr Musliyar, General Secretary of Samastha Kerala Sharia, Da’wa, Social Sciences, and Languages. Sayyid Haidrali Shihab
Jamiyathul Ulama for more than five decades. After graduating from Vellore Tangal is the Chancellor, Cherusseri Zainuddin Musliyar is the Pro
Baqiyath al Swalihath, taught at Iyyad, Urulikunnu, Thrippanachi, Chancellor and Dr. Bahauddeen Muhammad Nadwi is the Vice Chancellor
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Puthupadam, Irumbuchola and Palakkad. Authored Panchalaksyangal, of the university.
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Vyajaduthan, Jamaath Niskara and, Thahdeer al Ikhvan and was editor 21
Markaz was established in 1985, due to efforts of K.K. Aboobakr
of Al Jalal Monthly. Demised on August 14, 1982. Hazrath, and was inaugurated by Sayyid Ali bin Sayyid Abdul Rahman al
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14
The traditionalists consider these scholars’ period, the second stage Hashimi. Markaz gradually developed to a group institutions including
in our classification, as a golden age in the debate-venues with religious K.K. Hazrath Memorial Islamic Arts and Science College, orphanage, Hifzul
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rationalists and religious fundamentalists. PP Muhammad Faizy, 2008, 101 Qur’an College, Teachers Training College, Arts College, etc. Principal of
Leaders of Samastha, Sunni Mahal Publication, Malappuram. Arabic College, Adrisseri Hakeem Faizy was the initiator behind the
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15
Seethi Sahib Memorial Polytechnic, Tirur (1962), M.E.S. College, foundation of Co-ordination of Islamic Colleges.
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22
Mampad (1965), Kalladi College, Mannarkkad (1967), M.E.S. College, ‘There were a number of misters who don’t know anything about
Ponnani (1968), Pokker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, Tirurangadi the religion, and a number of Musliyars who don’t know anything about
(1968), Asmabi College, Kodungallur (1969), etc. are some of the mention the worldly affairs. Both groups were incapable to lead the community in
worthy materialist colleges established under Muslim managements during the right path.’ Pasha, Prof. Musthafa Kamal, Dharmanisthyum
this period. Gunakamshayumaayirunnu Aa Jeevitam, Prof. E. Muhammad Memoir,
16
Vazhakkad Darul Uloom is the example as it started to provide the Darul Huda Islamic University, Chemmad, p. 109.
degree of Madras University along with the graduation in the religious
184 185
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23
Labeling against M.M. Basheer Musliyar is very relevant in this life with preferences to the socio-religious activities till his death in July
regard, as many people made propagandas against his thoughts and acts 22nd , 2003.
as he was a Mujahid supporter. 28
Pinangode, Abu bakr, 2010, In the Joy of Writing, Nadwi, Dr.
24
Interview with Prof. Omanur Muhammad. He recalled his counter Bahauddeen Muhammad (ed), Prof. E. Muhammad Memoir, Darul Huda
questions in those kinds of study classes, which grabbed the discontent Islamic University, Chemmad, Malappuram.
m
of management towards him. 29
‘Prof. Muhammad’s presence was used to make the campus to a
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25
E. Muhammad’s role as a mediator or an inter-linker could be silent mode. Even the protesters from the students were keeping their
understood very clearly through an example. In 1970s, Samastha Kerala mouth silent in front of E.M Sir’s room.’ Ibrahim, Major, 2010, With a Single
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Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board conducted a workshop on the new Gaze Even Slogans Became Silent, Nadwi, Dr. Bahauddeen Muhammad
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debatable topics like Darwinism, evolutionary theory, origin of life etc. (ed), Prof. E. Muhammad Memoir, Darul Huda Islamic University, Chemmad,
The lecturers were Muslim scientists like Dr. UVK Muhammad, who were Malappuram.
not well-versed at that time in Malayalam and Arabi-Malayalam, the
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languages that used by the traditional scholars. Many well known
traditional scholars were present in the function as aud
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ience. The problem of language made the communication between Bibliography
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the speaker and audience very difficulty. Prof. E. Muhammad came for C.H. Aidroos Musliyar Memoir, 1995, Al Huda Publishing Beauro,
rescue as a ‘translator’ between them. This role of translator or inter-linker
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Darul Huda Islamic Academy, Chemmad, Malappuram.
is the role of Muhammad in the bridging of traditionalist and materialist
scholars. Dudoignon, A. Stephane, Hisao, Komatsu, and Yasushi, Kosugi,
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26
C.H. Aidroos Musliyar is a ‘popular scholar’ who popularized (ed.), 2006, Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission,
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Samastha Kerala Jamiyathul Ulama through his selfish less and energetic Transformation, Communication, Routledge, London and New
activities standing in the middle of the people. He was a co-activist of
M.M. Basheer Musliyar and they conducted many programs, established
York.
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a lot of institutions, and appointed a number of positions. Darul Huda Engineer, Asghar Ali, 1995, (ed.) Kerala Muslims: A Historical
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Islamic Academy, Bafaqi Orphanage and Markazu Tarbiyathil Islamiyya Perspective, Ajanta Books International, Delhi.
are the important institutions realized through their lively activities. After
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graduating from Baqiyath al Swalihath in 1955, Aidroos Musliyar taught in Faizy, P.P. Muhammad, 2003, Samastha, Prakasham Publications,
Darses at Konithode and Edakkulam. Passed Away on 7th May, 1994. Kottakkal, Malappuram.
w.
27
Dr. U. Bapputty Haji, the founding father of Darul Huda Islamic
Academy, involved actively in religious activities with the traditional Faizy, M.P. Musthafal, (ed.), 1985, Samastha: Decisions,
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intellectual scholars like M.M. Basheer Musliyar and C.H. Aidroos Musliyar. Resolutions, Criticisms, and Answers, in Samastha 60th Anniversary
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After the failure of the experiment of ‘Model Darses’, Haji deeply dreamt Souvenir, Samastha Kerala Jamiyathul Ulama, Kozhikkode.
about an institution which would give both material and religious education.
He initiated to realize the dreams with undeniable will power and selfish Faizy, P.P. Muhammad, 2008, Samastha: 101 Greatmen, Sunni
lessness, and the most victorious institution Darul Huda was the outcome, Mahal Publications, Malappuram.
which is now an Islamic university. The association of Mahallus, Sunni
Mahallu Federation was also a result of his dreams and activities. After Kooria, Mahmood, 2010, Saif al Battar and Uddathul Umara:
graduating from Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala in Ayurveda, Haji spent his Mappila Identity Creation, Formation and Transformation, Paper
186 187
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presented at Centre for Arabic and African Studies, Jawaharlal Zaman, Muhammad Qasim, 1999, Religious Education and
Nehru University, New Delhi. Rhetoric of Reform: The Madrasa in British India and Pakistan,
Kunju, A.P. Ibrahim, 1989, Mappila Muslims of Kerala: Their Society for Comparative Study of Society and History, January
History and Culture, Sandhya Publications, Trivandrum. 1999, pp. 294-323.
m
Lizzio, Kenneth, 2006, The Naqshabandi/Saifiyya Battle for Islamic Zubair, K, 2006, Development and Modernization of Religious
m
Tradition, The Muslim World, Vol. 96, January 2006. Education in Kerala: Role of Samastha Kerala Jamiyath ul Ulama:
.co
Unpublished Dissertation, Centre for Arabic and African Studies,
M.M. Basheer Musliyar Memoir, 1988, Bahjath Publications, School of Languages and Cultural Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru
.co
Rahmaniyya Arabic College, Katameri, Calicut. University, New Delhi.
Malayamma, Moin Hudawi, 2009, Bapputty Haji: Life in the
da
Shadow of Activity, Asas Book Cell, Darul Huda Islamic University,
da
Chemmad, Malappuram.
hu
Malayamma, Moin Hudawi, Panangangara, Mahmood, 2009,
Mamburam Tangal: Life, Struggle and Spirituality, Asas Book Cell,
hu
Darul Huda Islamic Academy, Chemmad, Malappuram.
rul
Muhammad, K.M, 1995, Origin and Development of Arabic
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Studies in Kerala, in Engineer, Asghar Ali (ed.), Kerala Muslims: A
Historical Perspective, Ajanta Books International, Delhi.
da
Muhammad, Prof. E., 2008, Half Life of a Teacher, Annual
da
Magazine, Farook B.Ed. College, Kottakkal.
Muhammad, Prof. E., 2008, Current Stage of Education, Farook
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Arts and Science College Magazine, Kottakkal.
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Nayar, C. Gopalan, 1917, Mappilas of Malayalam, Published by
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the Author, Manglore.
ww
Pasha, Dr., Mustafa Kamal, 2005, Why Should We Popularize
Dars?, Blossom Books, Edayur.
Qasimi, Abdul Gafoor Abdulla, 2000, Muslims in the Kerala, Akmal
Book Centre, Malappuram.
Randathani, Husain, 2007, Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society
and Anti-Colonial Struggles, Other Books, Calicut.
188 189
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hu
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da
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190 191
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*** *** ***
]pXp-∏-d-ºnse BtcmSpw kmdns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse Hcp khn-
ti-jX tNmZn-®m¬ Ah¿ BZyw ]d-bpI, GXv kµ¿`ß-fnepw
GXv acWhońepw tcmKkµ¿i-\-Øn\pw At±lw FØp-sa-∂-
Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ ssIsbm-∏p-Iƒ Xm-Wv.
m
Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ hfsc IrXy-X-tbmsS km¿ \ne-\n¿Øn-
m
t∏m-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. \mń¬ Bcv acn-®mepw Bcv
al-√n- ¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ kzm[o-\a - p-≠m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿°v. tcmKn-bm-bmepw kmdv DSs\ AhnsS FØp-w. GXv Xnc-°n-\n-Sb - nepw
.co
Ah-km\ \mfpI-fn¬hsc aZvd-km-[ym-]-I-cpsS iºf-Øn\pw a‰p- Xm≥ A-Xn\v kabw Is≠-Øn.
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am-bp≈ ]e ]ncn-hp-Iƒ°pw a‰p-≈-h¿s°m∏w At±-lhpw hoSp-
\mń¬ Bsc-¶nepw acn-®m¬ Xs∂ hnfn-®d - n-bn-°m-\mbn ]pXp-
ho-Sm-¥cw Ib-dn-bn-d-ßp-am-bn-cp-∂p. C.-Fw. km¿ IqsS-bp-≠m-Ip-
∏-d-ºn¬ Nne-bm-fp-IsfØs∂ G¬]n-®n-cp-∂p.
tºmƒ Hmtcm hoń¬\n∂pw henb XpI-bmWv kw`m-h\ - b
- mbn e`n-
* * *
da
®n-cp-∂-Xv.
*** *** *** Xm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ kvIqfnse Hmtcm hnZym¿Yn-bp-sSbpw ]nXm-
da
hn-s‚bpw t]cv kmdn\v a\x]mT-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bscbpw apJw t\m°n-
a‰p- ≈ - h - c psS k¶- S - ß - f n¬ ]¶v tNcp- I - s b- ∂ Xv kmdpsS
Øs∂ a\v hmbn-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
hu
{]tXy-I- kz`m-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bcv F¥v Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn Xs∂
kao-∏n-®mepw Ahsc kwXr-]vX-cm°n am{Xta kmdv aS-°n-bn-cp- Hcn-°¬ hgn-bn¬sh®v apºv ]cn-N-b-ap≈ Hcp c£n-Xm-hns\
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∂p-≈q. Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Xs‚ ASpØv C√m-sb-¶n¬t]mepw At±lw I≠p-ap-ń. kwkm-c-Øn-\nsS km¿ tNmZn®p: Ct∏mƒ \nß-
Ah¿ Adn-bmsX Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw ASp-Øp-\n∂v AXv e`y-am°n fpsS aIƒ IÆS [cn-°m-dp-t≠m...?
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IrXy-k-a-b-ØpXs∂ Bh-iy-°m¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-w. kmdns‚ Hm¿ai‡n I≠v B ]nXmhv AXv`p-X-s∏-´p-t]m-bn.

Xs∂ am{X-a-√, h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp∂ Xs‚
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]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ Hcm-fpsS hnhm-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v s]s´∂v
hen-sbmcp XpI Bh-iy-am-bn. F¥p-sN-ø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX Ah¿ Ipńsb hsc At±lw Ct∏mgpw Hm¿an-°p-∂p-s≠∂v At±lw Xncn-
]cn-{`-an-®p. ]e¿°pw hnfn-®p-t\m-°n. bmsXmcp ê-hp-ap-≠m-bn-√. ®-dn-™p.
da
Ah-km\w hnhcw C.-Fw. kmdn-\-Sp-sØ-Øn. kXy-Øn¬, B Cu Hm¿a i‡n F√m Imcy-Ønepw At±-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp-
da
kabw Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ ]Ww At±-l-Øn-\-SpØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n- ∂p.
√. ]s£, ka-ba - m-bt- ∏m-tg°v At±lw Bcn¬\nt∂m H∏n®v ]Ww *** *** ***
w.
AhnsS FØn-®p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p.
tbmK-ß-fn¬ hfsc im¥-\mbmWv Ccn-°pI. F√m-h¿°pw
kmdns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ CXn-t\mSv kam-\-amb [mcmfw kw`-h- ]d-bm≥ Ah-kcw sImSp-°pw. F√m-hcpw ]d-™p-I-gn-™m¬
w.
ßƒ ImWm-hp-∂X - m-W.v kvIqfp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw hoSp-ambn _‘- F√m-hs - cbpw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \ne-°mWv At±-lØ - ns‚ Xocp-
s∏´pw \mSp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw ]ecpw ]e kw`-hß - fpw A\p-kva-
ww
am\w ]pd-Øp-h-cnI.
cn-°pI-bp-≠m-bn.
Xocp- a m- \ - Ø n¬ Bscbpw thZ- \ n- ∏ n- ° p- I tbm CSn- ® p- X m-
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*** *** *** gvØpItbm sNøn-√. ]≈n°Ωn‰n IqSp-tºmgpw F√m-h-cptSXpw
]pXp-∏-d-ºn-sebpw ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-sebpw ]e-cp-sSbpw ISw tNmZn- tI´-Xn\p tijw Ah-km-\amWv At±lw Xs‚ \b-ßƒ ]dbpI.
°m-\p≈ hen-sbmcp AØm-Wn-bm-bn-cp∂p km¿. ]mh-ßƒ°v an° N¿®-Ifnepw ]e-t∏mgpw Ah-km\ hm°v At±-l-Øn-
]Ww ISw sImSp-°p-I-sb-∂Xv kt¥m-j-ap≈ Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. s‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Iptd Nn¥n® tijta A`n-{]mbw ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-
sNdnb sNdnb XpI-Iƒ ]ecpw [mcm-f-ambn hmßm-dp-≠m-bn- cp-∂p-≈q.
cp-∂p. ]t£, ]e-t∏mgpw AsXm∂pw Xncn-®p-hm-ßmsX Ah¿°v *** *** ***
hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.
al-√p {]kn-U‚ v F∂ \ne°pw \mńse Adn-bs - ∏-s´mcp hnZym-
192 193
v Iw
`ymk {]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ \ne°pw \mń-sebpw ]cn-kc - ß- f - n-sebpw ßn.
]e {]iv\ß - fpw Xo¿∏v I¬]n°m-\mbn FØn-bn-cp-∂Xv At±-l- Hcmƒ \ΩpsS ÿm]\w ImWm≥ h∂p-sh∂v hnNm-cn-°p-I.
Øn-\-Sp-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ°v Chn-SsØ Hcmsf ImW-Ww, As√-¶n¬ Fs¥-¶nepw
{]iv\w icn°p a\-n-em-°nb tijw hfsc kc-fa - m-bn-Øs∂ Hcp Imcyw At\z-jn-°W - w. Abmƒ°m-sW-¶n¬ Chn-SsØ Np‰p-
Ah ]cn-lc - n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂o-SX - n¬ c≠m-as - Xmcp Nn¥°v Ah- ]m-Sp-I-sf-°p-dnt®m ]cn-k-c-ß-sf-°p-dnt®m bmsXm∂pw Adn-bp-I-
m
k-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. bp-an-√. Aßs\ Abmƒ Hmô-kn\v apºnepw ¢mkp-Iƒ°v apºn-
m
*** *** *** ep-ambn Np‰n \S-°p-Ib - m-Wv.
CØcw Ah-kc - ß
- f - n¬ hfsc efn-Xa
- mbn \nßƒ hnZym¿Yn-
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Zmdp¬ lpZ-mbnse Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Ipd®v
Ime-tØ°v km¿ Imº-kn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°m-\mbn h∂n-cp-∂p. IW- Iƒ°v Abmsf klm-bn-°m≥ km[n-°pw.
.co
°mWv hnj-bw. {SnsKmtWm-sa-{SnbpsS ¢mkv.- Cß-s\-bp≈ Bfp-Isf ImWp-tºmƒ DSs\ ASpØv t]mbn
F√mw Xnbdn ]Tn-°p-∂Xn\p ]Icw {]mtbm-Kn-Ia - mbn a\-n- Imcy-at- \z-jn-°p-I. F¥mWv hc-hns‚ Dt±-iy-sa∂pw Bsc-bmWv
em-°m-\m-Wt±lw ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. {SnsKmtWm-sa{Sn ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ ImtW-≠-sX∂pw tNmZn-°p-I.
da
AXv F¥n\v ]Tn-°p-∂p-sh-∂X - n-\p≈ adp-]S- nbpw At±lw ¢mkn¬ \nßƒ°v \njv{]-bmkw Abm-fpsS {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-
da
\¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. °m\pw Bhiyw \nd-th-‰m\pw km[n-°pw. AXn\v tIhew Htc-
ÿm]-\-Øn\v apºnse ]≈n-bpsS an\m-c-Øn-te°v Nq≠n, sbmcp an\pt´ \nßƒ°v Bh-iy-ambn hcp-I-bp-≈q.
hu
\ap°v AXns‚ Dbcw Af-°Ww... AXv Fßs\ Ignbpw F∂Xv CXns‚ ê-am-I-s´, hfsc hep-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Abmƒ°v
hu
t]mep≈ ap≥ hmN-I-ß-tfm-sS-bmWv ]e ¢mkp-Ifpw XpS-ßn-bn- hfsc s]s´∂p Xs∂ Imcyw km[n-s®-Sp-°m-\m-bn. \sΩ-°p-dn®pw
cp-∂-Xv. {]bm-k-I-c-amb t^m¿ap-e-I-sf-√mw hfsc kc-f-ambn a\- \ΩpsS ÿm]-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw Abmƒ°v \s√mcp aXn-∏p-≠m-Ip-
n-em-°mhp∂ coXn-bn-emhpw ¢mkv. ∂p. Chn-SsØ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-Øn¬ Abmƒ k¥p-jvS-
rul
*** *** *** \m-Ip-∂p.
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Jp¿-B\ - nse henb henb kqd-Øp-Iƒ At±-lØ - n\v a\x]mT- \ap-°m-sW-¶n¬ \jvS-s∏-Sm-\mbn bmsXm-∂p-an-√-Xm-\pw....''
am-bn-cp-∂p. A¬ _J-d, Bep Cwdm≥ t]mse-bp≈ kqd-Øp-Iƒ *** *** ***
da
hfsc emL-h-tØmsS ImWmsX HmXp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \s√mcp hmb-\m-{]n-b-\m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. Ft∏mgpw
da
BZy h¿j-ßf - n¬ Zmdp¬ lpZm Imº-kn¬X-s∂-bm-Wv ln^vfv ]pkvXI - ß
- f- psS temI-ØmWv Pohn-®n-cp-∂X - v. sskt°m-fP
- n-bnepw
tImsfPv \S-∂n-cp-∂X - v. Nne-t∏mƒ km¿ ln^vfv ¢mkp-If - n-¬ Ib- FPyp-t°-j-\n-ep-sam-s°-bp≈ ]e ]pXnb IrXn-Ifpw hmßn
w.
dn-h∂v Ipń-Isf ]cn-tim-[n°pw. henb kqd-Øp-I-fn¬\n-∂p≈ hmbn-°p-w. kplr-Øp-°ƒ°v hmbn-°m≥ sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
Bb-Øp-I-fmIpw ]e-t∏mgpw tNmZn-°pI.- ^mdqJv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp∂ Ime-sØm-s° ]e-t∏mgpw
w.
*** *** *** sse{_-dn-bn-emWv sNe-h-gn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw
kvIqfnepw sse{_dn At±-l-Øns‚ \nc-¥c kµ¿i\tI{µ-am-bn-
ww
Hmtcm ¢mknepw Ibdn a\ximkv{X-]-c-amb D]-tZißƒ

\¬Im-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hfsc Nnt¥m-±o-]-I-amb ssien-I-fmWv cp-∂p. as‰-hn-sSbpw ImWm-\m-bn-s√-¶n¬ sse{_-dn-bn¬ t]mbn
ww
s]mXpsh kzoI-cn-°pI. Hgn™p InS-°p∂ ¢mkp-If - nepw kzbw t\m°n- b m¬ aXn. Hcp aqe- b n- e n- c p∂v kzÿ- a mbn hmbn- ° p-
Ibdn kwkm-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ∂p≠mIpw.
Hcn-°¬ km¿ Rß-fpsS ¢mkn-te°v Ib-dn-h∂ - p. A∂v kz`m- *** *** ***
h-sØ-°p-dn®pw s]cp-am‰ ssien-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-am-bn-cp∂p kwkm- en_n-b≥ am\h hn`-ht- ijn a{¥n tUm. AJo¬ lpssk≥
cw. AJo¬ Zmdp¬ lpZm Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n kµ¿in®
""Bfp-Isf ka-b-Øn\pw kml-N-cy-Øn\pa\p-k-cn®v Uo¬ kµ¿`w. ÿm]\w At±-l-Øn\v hen-sbmcp kzoI-cW NSßv
sNøp-I-sb-∂Xv Hcp {]tXyIw Ign-hm-Wv...'' km¿ kwkm-cn®p XpS- kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬, kønZv sslZ-cen inlm_v Xßƒ, tUm.
194 195
v Iw
_lm-D±- o≥ apl-ΩZv \Zvhn, C.-Sn. apl-ΩZv _io¿ Fw.]n, A–p¬ ≠n-bp≈ Xs‚ tkh-\a - m-bn-´m-Wv At±lw a\-n-em-°n-bX - v.
hlm_v Fw.]n, s{]m^. bp.-hn.-sI. apl-Ω-Zv, Fkv.Fw. Pn^vcn *** *** ***
Xßƒ XpS-ßnb {]KXv`¿ kwK-an-®n-cp-∂p. ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS \nb-
]pXp-∏-dºn¬ BZy-ambn Db¿∂p-h∂ sSd-kv hoSp-I-fn-sem∂v
{¥Ww A∂v C.- F w. kmdn\m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]cn- ] m- S n- I ƒ°n- S - b n¬
C.-Fw. kmdn-s‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. A√mlp X∂ A\p-{K-lß - ƒ Pohn-X-
At±lw \S-Øn-b Hmtcm Ia‚pw hfsc BI¿j-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Øn¬ {]I-S-ambn ImW-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ B{K-lw.
m
A∂v At±lw Cw•o-jn¬ \S-Ønb {]kwKw AXn-a-t\m-l-
HmtcmcpØcpw Xß-fpsS \ne-hmcw a\n-em°n am{Xta Pohn-
m
chpw Nnt¥m-±o-]-Ihpambn hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Hm¿°-p∂p. hfsc kc-
X-Øn¬ sFiz-cy-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈q-sh∂v At±lw ]d-
fhpw F∂m¬ A°m-Z-an-Ihp-am-bn-cp∂p `mj. -B `mjm ]mfin-
.co
bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Øp-dp-∏nI hc-hp-≈-h≥ \qdp cq]-bpsS sNehv
Xyhpw Bfp-Isf \njv{]-bmkw ssIbn-se-Sp-°m-\p≈ hnkva-bn-
\S-Øp-∂Xv Hcn-°epw \∂√ F∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-lØ - ns‚ D]-tZ-
.co
∏n-°p∂ Ignhpw Zmdp¬lp-Zm-bnse \hm-K-X¿ a\-n-em-°n-bXv
iw.
A∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\p apºv ssIbn¬ samss_epw S∆epw Npcpń
]nSn®v hfsc im¥-\mbn CS-°nsS Imº-kn¬ -h-cp∂ Hcm-fmbn *** *** ***
da
am{Xta Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw At±-lsØ I≠n-cp-∂p-≈q. ]n.-F-kv.-Fw.-H. tImsf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv C.-
*** *** *** Fw. kmdn\v Hcp kvIq´-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-emWv At±lw ]pXp-
da
∏-d-ºnse sNΩ¨ \nc-Øn-eqsS bm{X-Iƒ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.
\nc-¥c - a
- mb {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°pw Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°e - n\pw tijw,
tImsf-Pn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ sabn≥ tdmUv hsc kvIq´-dn¬
hu
]pXp-∏d- ºv kvIqƒ \n¿amW ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn°p∂p.
C-S°v \n¿amW {]h¿Ø\ßƒ aµ-KX - n-bn-em-bn. Bh-iy-amb Iºn t]mbn, Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Xncq-cß - m-Sn-bn-te°v _kn¬ bm{X sNøm-
hu
In´p∂n-√m-sb-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p Imc-Ww. DS-s\-Øs∂ Iºn-°mbn Cd- dm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. hml-\-Øns‚ hnj-b-Øntem anI-hm¿∂ hkv{X-
ßn-∏p-ds- ∏-´p. ]e \n¿amW {]h¿Ø-Ic - p-ambn _‘-s∏´v Ah-cpsS ß-fpsS hnj-b-Øntem Al-¶m-ctam s]menthm At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-
rul
XW-en¬ AXns‚ e`yX Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw km[\w Ign-hXpw thK- bn-cp-∂n-√. Ffn-a-bm-bn-cp∂p -- PohnXap{Z.
Øn¬ FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\p-ti-ja - mWv ]Wn *** *** ***
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thK-Øn¬ Iem-in-®X - v. Xncq-c-ßmSn Jmfn-am-cmWv Xmh-gn-bmbn ]pXp-∏-d-ºnepw D≠m-
Hcp Imcy-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´m¬ ]ns∂ AXv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ bn-cp-∂-Xv. aq∂n-bq¿ Imfn-I≠w Jmfn {]iv\w D≠m-b-tXmsS ]pXp-
da
F¥p XymKhpw sNøm≥ k∂-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcm-sfbpw AXn-\p- ∏-dºpIm¿ Da-den Xßsf Jmfn-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. Da-den
da
th≠n ImØn-cp-∂n-√. Xßƒ -\ncym-X-\mbt∏mƒ P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ kwkm-c-ap-≠mbn:
*** *** *** ASpØ Jmfn Bcm-bn-cn-°W - w. sslZ-cen Xß-fmWv Jmfnbmbn
w.
htc-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]e-cp-sSbpw B{K-lhpw AXm-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£,

GsXmcp Imcyhpw kz¥-ambn sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p C.-
At±lw eoKv {]kn-U‚ - mWv F∂-Xn-\m¬ Nne¿°v CXv AwKo-Ic - n-
Fw. kmdns‚ ssien. \mem-fp-Isf Adn-bn®v Imcyw kw`-ha - m°n
w.
°m≥ Ign-™n-√. N¿®-Iƒ Aßs\ apt∂m-´p-t]m-bn. Nne¿ kn.-
am‰p∂ Hcp ioean-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw sNbvXp-I-
F-®v. _m∏pń apkven-bmsc-bm-°m-sa∂ A`n-{]mbw ]d-™p. a‰p
ww
gn-™X- n\p tijta Bfp-Iƒ Adn-™n-cp-∂p-≈q. sNbvXp-Ig- n-

Nne¿ tImgn-t°mSv Pa-ep-ss√en Xßsf°pdn-®mWv Nn¥n-®X - .v
™-Xn\p tij-ta a‰p-≈hsc Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p-≈q.
ww
C.-Fw. km¿ CsX√mw tIƒ°p-Ibpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-
*** *** ***
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. al√v {]kn-U‚ v F∂ \ne°pw \mSns‚ Imc-Wh - ¿
ssZh{]oXn am{Xw Imw£n-®, ùXnI ê-ßƒ H´pw B{K-ln- F∂-\n-e°pw Cu hnj-bØ - n¬ Hcp Xocp-am-\Ø - n-se-tØ≠Xv At±-
°mØ {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn l-am-Wv.
_‘-s∏t´m kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏t´m \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Hcp
F∂m¬, F√m-hcpsSbpw A∏p-dt- Ø-°m-Wv C.-Fw. km¿ Cu
bm{X-bnepw At±lw bm{Xm-_Ø hmßn-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]cn-]m-Sn-If - n¬
hnj-bØ - n¬ Nn¥n-®X - .v F√m-h¿°pw Nn¥n-°m\pw A`n-{]m-bß - ƒ
¢msk-Sp-°m-\mbn kzbw hml\w ]nSn®v t]mbm¬ hsc kz¥-am-
]d-bm\pw At±lw Ah-kcw sImSp-Øp. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A`n-
bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv ]Ww sImSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Ch-sb√mw aX-Øn-\p-th-
{]m-b-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂Xpw aqeyap≈-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
196 197
v Iw
F∂m¬, Cu {]iv\Ø - nse imiz-Xa - mb Hcp ]cn-lm-cs - Ø-°p- cmjv{S-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv kqcy≥ DZn-°p-∂Xv? \nßƒ°v
dn-®mWv C.-Fw. km¿ Nn¥n-®X - v. GsX-¶nepw Hcmsf sXc-s™-Sp- B¿s°-¶nepw ]d-bm≥ km[n-°ptam?''
Øm¬ Abm-fpsS ac-Wt- i-jw, C\n Bcm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ {]iv\w tNmZyw C{X-am{Xw k¶o¿W-am°n Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®t- ∏mƒ hnZym¿Yn-
ho≠pw Db¿∂p-h-cm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. Aß-s\-sbmcp {]iv\-Øn\v I-fmsI Aº-c-∂p-t]m-bn. CXn\v h√ {]tXy-I-X-bp-apt≠m F∂
hmXn¬ Xpd-°mØ \ne-°p≈ Hcp ]cn-lm-ca - mWv th≠Xv. HSp- `mh-Øn¬ Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw t\m°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ipd®p t\cw au\w
m
hn¬ \mńse ]uc-{]-[m-\n-I-tfm-sSm∏w At±lw FØn-s∏-´Xv, ka- ¢mkn¬ XfwsIń \n∂p. AXn-\nsS Nne ss[cy-im-en-Iƒ "Ing-
kvX-bpsS sk{I-´-dnsb \ΩpsS \mSns‚ Jmfn-bmbn \nb-an-°pI
m
°p-\n∂p Xs∂...' F∂v hnfn®p ]d-bp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂-Xm-Wv. AXv F∂pw Ft∏mgpw Bcm-bn-cp-∂mepw AsXmcp Xmh-
.co
gn-bmbn XpS-cW- s
- a-∂mWv At±lw B{K-ln-®X - v. Xs‚ kl-{]-h¿Ø- C.-Fw.-km¿ ]d™p:
I-\m-bn-cp∂ ]pXp-∏-dºv Xzøn_v ss^kn-tbmSv At±lw CXv kqNn- ""{]nb-s∏´ Ipń-I-tf, \Ωp-sS-sbms° Adn-hns‚ IY-bm-Wn-
.co
∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-. Aß-s\-bmWv sNdp-t»cn ssk\p-±o≥ apkven- Xv. \mw ]Tn-®X - nepw a\-n-em-°n-bX - nepw \ap°v Xosc Dd-∏n-√msX
bm¿ ]pXp-∏-dºv Jmfnbmbn IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Gh¿°pw kzoIm-cy- t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p. kXy-k-‘-amb Hcp Imcyw a\-n-em-°n-bm¬
]ns∂ F¥n-\mWv \mw t]Sn®v an≠m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bcv F¥v
da
tbm-Ky-amb Hcp Xocp-am-\-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. Xo¿Øpw bp‡n-]q¿Wam-
bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-√mw. Fßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®mepw \mw kXyw Xpd∂p ]d-b-Ww. Bscbpw
da
*** *** *** t]Sn-t°-≠X - n--√. Dd-∏t- √, kqcy≥ F√m-bn-SØpw Ing-°p-\n∂p Xs∂-
bmWv DZn-°p-∂Xv F∂v....!!'' C.-Fw. kmdns‚ {]Xn-I-cWw tI´v
Hcp al√v `c-Wm-[n-Imcn F∂ \ne°v Bflmhv ad-∂p≈ ]cn-
hu
Ipń-Iƒ Nncn-®p-t]m-bn. Htc kabw \¿ahpw Nn¥bpw Dƒs°m-
jvIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ C.-Fw. km¿ Hcn-°epw Xp\n-™n-√ - . ≈p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ¢mkp-Iƒ.
hu
]mc-º-cy-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥-Iƒ. al-√-
Øns‚ ]mc-ºcyw ImØp kq£n-°m≥ Xm≥ Ft∏mgpw {i≤n-®p. *** *** ***
rul
*** *** *** \mńepw ]cn-kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-sams° D∂X]T\w \S-Øp-

∂, \n¿[-\-cmb hnZym¿Yn-Isf tXSn-∏n-Sn®v C.-Fw. km¿ hfsc cl-
rul
Zmdp¬ lpZm-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ky-ambn klm-bn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \mńepw ]pd-Øp-ambn A\-
Imew. Im∏mSv Zmdp¬ lpZm- b psS ]pXnb kl- ÿ m- ] \w h[n hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ CØcw klmbw -kzoI-cn®n´p-≠v. ]s£, Bcpw
{]h¿Ø\amcw-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ {]Ya h¿j-am-Wv. H∂mw ]c-kv]cw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
da
Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ am{Xta Bbn-´p-≈q.

C.Fw. km¿ ac-W-s∏-´-t∏mƒ ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ \S∂ A\p-kva-
da
BbnsS _m∏pń lmPnbpw C.-Fw. kmdp-aS- °w Hcp kwLw cW ktΩ-f\ - Ø - n¬ Cßs\ klmbw ]‰n-bn-cp∂ Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ
ÿm]\w kµ¿in-°m≥ sN∂p. ]pXnb ÿm]-\Ø - ns‚ Ah-ÿ- CXv A\p-kva-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. At∏m-gmWv amtem-I¿ CsX√mw
w.
Iƒ ho£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p {][m\e£yw. Adn-™X - .v AXn¬, 8000 cq] hsc klm-b[ - \ - a- mbn At±-lØ - n¬
C.-Fw. km¿ H∂mw ¢mkn¬ Ibdn at\m-l-c-am-sbmcp ¢mkv
w.
\n∂p e`n-®-h¿ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. hnZym¿Yn-Isf Cu kne-_kv A\p-k-cn®v ]Tn-®p-ap- *** *** ***
ww
t∂-dm≥ {]tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p ¢mkv. Nn¥n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw

Nncn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw DƒI-Æv sImń Xpd-∏n-°p-∂X - p-amb Hcp ssien- a™-mΩm-ń¬ IS-hn-\-°sc Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ tXmWn-°m-c≥
ww
bmWv At±lw ¢mkn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. ¢mkn-\n-Sb - n¬ At±lw Ip™nt]m°cv° ]≠p-ap-Xte C.-Fw. kmdp-ambn ASpØ kvt\l-
Ipń-I-tfmSv tNmZn®p: Ønepw NßØØn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipń-{]mbw apX¬ Ah-km-\-
Imew hsc C.-Fw. km¿ Cu _‘w \ne-\n¿Øn-. Ah-km\ Ime-
""Chn-sS-sb√mw kqcy-\p-Zn-°p-∂Xv Ing-°p\n-∂m-Wv. \ΩpsS ß-fn¬ ]pg-°n-°s - c-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS _‘-ßs - f-¶nepw BZy-
]cn-kc cmjv{S-ß-fnse√mw AXv Ing-°p\n-∂p-X-s∂-bmWv DZn-°p- Im-esØ A°-cb - nse _‘-ßfpw Ah¿ AW-bmsX kq£n-®p.
∂-Xv. F∂m¬, \yqkn-em‚n-s\-°p-dn®v \nßƒ tIń-ń-t√... C∂v
{In°-‰ns‚ temIØv hfsc {it≤-ba - mb Hcp km∂n-[y-am-Wt√m acn-°p-∂-Xn\v H∂p c≠p amkw apºmWv Ah¿ Ah-km-\-
\yqknem-‚ v. hfsc {]i-kvXc - mWv Ahn-SsØ Ifn-°m-sc-√mw. Cu ambn kwK-an-®X - .v A°-cb - p≈ Hcp ap≥ ]cn-Nb - °- m-c≥ acn-®t- ∏mƒ
AhnsS h∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p C.-Fw. km¿. Ime-ßƒ°p-tijw I≠p-
198 199
v Iw
ap-ń-b-t∏m¬ Ccp-hcpw Iptd t\cw kwkm-cn-®p, _‘w ]pXp-°n.
Iq´-Øn¬ C.-Fw. km¿ Cß-s\bpw Hcp Imcyw ]d™p:
""Aen-°m, \ΩpsS F√m-hcpw acn-°p-Ib - m-W.v C\n, Rm≥ acn-
®n´v Xm¶ƒ acn-®m¬ aXn.''
Cu IY Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-tºmƒ hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn-eI - s
- ∏´ hnh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIw
m
Ip™n-t∏m-°cv°°v Ic-®n¬ ]nSn®p \n¿Øm≥ km[n-®n√. \nd™ apl-ΩZv \_n:
m
IÆp- I - t fmsS, hnßn- s ∏m- ´ n- s °m- ≠ m- b n- c p∂p At±lw C.- F w. ss__n-fns‚ {]h-N\w
kmdns\°pdn-®p≈ ]gbIme Hm¿a-Iƒ Ab-hn-d° - n-bX
- v.
.co
C.-Fw. km¿ ]d-™X - p-t]m-se, BZyw At±-lw- Xs∂ ac-W-
.co
s∏-´p-sh-∂-XmWv Ip™n-t∏m-°-cv°sb Gsd k¶-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
tUm. kpsse-am≥ Fkv. ap^-n¿
*** *** ***
hnh: s{]m^. C. aplΩZv kmln_v
da
]pXp-∏-d-ºnse Hcp ]≈n-bn¬ C.-Fw. kmdn\v kp]-cn-Nn-X-\m-
sbmcp DkvXmZv Jn_ve°v A`n-ap-Ja - m-b√
- msX AwK-ip≤n hcp-Øp- aqe IrXn: Zn ss__nƒkv {]ohyq Hm^v apl-ΩZv
da
I-bm-Wv. At±lw Iptd t\cw {i≤n-®p-\n-∂p. hpfq FSpØp Ign- {]km-[\w: kp∂n ]ªn-t°-j≥ sk‚¿, sNΩmSv
™-t∏mƒ ]d™p: c≠mw ]Xn∏v: P\p-hcn 1994 (i-Av_m≥ 1414)
hu
""\nß-sf-t∏m-ep-≈h - ¿Xs∂ Cßs\ sNbvXm¬ ]ns∂ F¥v (I-gn-hp≈ Hcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw hnh¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂p C.-
hu
]d-bm\m... hpfq FSp-°p-tºmƒ Ftßm-s´-¶nepw Xncn-bW - w. AXv Fw. km¿. A\-h[n teJ-\ß - ƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≈ At±lw H∂n-e-
]Sn-™m-tdm-´m-bm¬ {]Xn-êw e`n-°m≥ Imc-Wa - mW-t√m...'' [nIw hnh¿Ø\ IrXn-Iƒ Xømdm°n-bn-´p-≠v. CXn¬ shfn®w
rul
sX‰p I≠m¬ BtcmSpw FhnsS sh®pw Xpd∂p ]d-bp∂ I≠Xpw ImWm-Ø-h-bpw ImWw. t\mh-ep-Ifpw IY-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p
{]Ir-X-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. At±-l-Øns‚ Nne hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ. Ah apºv hoń-ep-≠m-bn-cp-
rul
*** *** *** ∂p-sh-¶nepw ]n∂oSv \jvSs - ∏-´p. {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°s- ∏-´X
- mbn Adn-hn-
√. tUm. kpsse-am≥ imlnZv ap^-n¿ Fgp-Xnb Zn ss__nƒkv
da
{]ohyq Hm^v apl-ΩZv F∂ eLp IrXn-bmWv e`y-am-bn-´p≈ At±-

l-Øs‚ hnh¿Ø\ IrXn. Cw•o-jn¬\n-∂p-amWv At±-l-anXv ae-
da
bm-f-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-∂n-´p-≈-Xv.
AºXv t]Pv hcp∂ ]pkvXIw hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn kwhn-
w.
[m-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. GsXmcp hnIm-ca - mtWm Cu {KŸ-sa-gp-Xm≥ tUm.
w.
kpsse-ams\ t{]cn-∏n-®Xv AXp-Xs - ∂-bmWv CXv ae-bm-fØ - n-te°v
sIm≠p-h-cm-\p-ap≈ t{]c-I-sa∂v BapJØn¬ {]km-[-I¿. aqe-
ww
Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈X - n-s\-°mƒ hmb-\m-kp-JØ - n-\mbn IqSp-X¬ ASn-°p-

dn-∏p-It- fm-sS-bmWv CXv Xøm-dm-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂X- .v ]pkvXI - sØ ]pdw
ww
N´ Cßs\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:
""temIm-\p-{K-ln-bmb apl-ΩZv \_n-sb-°p-dn®v apgp-h≥ {]hm-
N-I-∑mcpw kakvX ssZhnI {KŸ-ßfpw {Kln-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ss__nƒ ]pXn-bXpw ]g-b-Xp-amb \nb-a-ßfpw tIhew kzm`m-hn-
I-ambn \_n-sb-°p-dn®v Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNøpIbpw ap∂-dn-bn∏v
\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]s£-, PqX-˛{- In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ t_m[-]q¿∆w
AXv Xnc-kvI-cn-®p.
200 201
v Iw
{InkvXpaX ]fin-X\pw t\Xm-hp-amb tUm. kpsse-am≥ Fkv. N-I≥am-sctbm \ot°-≠-Xn\v h∂p F∂p \ncq-]n-°-cp-Xv. \o°p-
ap^-n¿ Xs‚ kXym-t\z-jW- - Xz-cb
- n¬ ss__n-fn¬\n∂p Xs∂ hm-\-√, \nh¿Øn-∏m-\s{X Rm≥ h∂-Xv. kXy-am-bn´p Rm≥ \nß-
\_nsb Is≠-Øn. B hkvXpX shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv At±lw tfmSv ]d-bp∂p: BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Hgn-™p-t]mIpw hsc kI-
Cu {KŸ-Øn¬. {IkvXob˛PqX temIØv Im‰pw tImfp-an-f-°n- ehpw \nhr- Ø n- b m- I p- t hmfw \ymb- { ]- a m- W - Ø n¬ \n∂p Hcp
hn´ Cu {KŸw ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv h≈nsb¶nepw ]p≈n-sb-¶nepw Hcp \mfpw Hgn-™p-t]m-Ip-I-bn√''
m
s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv kmln-_m-Wv.) ]pkvXI - Ø
- ns‚ XpS-°Ø
- n¬ (aØmbn: 5:17,18).
\n∂pw Nne `mK-ßƒ:
m
Xudm-Øns‚ kmcmwiw kphn-ti-j-Ønepw ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-
ń-´p-≠v. ]pXnb \nbaw h∂p Adp-\qdp sIm√-ßƒ°p tij-amWv
.co
apl-ΩZv \_n ss__n-fns‚ {]h-N\w apl-ΩZv \_n(kz) {]hm-NI ZuXy-hp-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. At∏m-
.co
tg°v XudmØv t]mse kphn-ti-jhpw A{i-≤-amb ]I¿Ø-ep-
apl-ΩZv \_n(kz) F∂ hy‡n-sbbpw At±-l-Øns‚ ZuXy-
Iƒ°pw kwkv I - c - W - ß ƒ°pw hnt[- b ambn´p- ≠ mbncp- ∂ p.
sØbpw ]‰n ss__n-fn¬ hfsc kv]jvS-amb {]h-N-\-ap-≠v. Atß-
F∂m¬ Xudm-Ønepw kphn-ti-j-Ønepw am‰ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-
b‰w hy‡hpw Ip‰a‰Xp-amb Cu {]h-N\w Imc-Ww, \_n(kz)
da
ImsX \n∂n-cp∂ ssZh hN-\ß - ƒ apl-ΩZv \_n(kz) ÿnco-Ic - n-
shfn- s ∏- ´ - t ∏mƒ kXy- k - ‘ - c pw \njv I - f - ¶ - c p- a mb Hcp- ] mSv
®p. At±-lØ - n\v ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p hy‡-amb Hcp {KŸw Inń ˛
da
PqX≥amcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw hfsc kt¥m-j-tØmsS At±-
Jp¿-B≥. AXp F°m-eØpw sX‰p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hf-s®m-Sn-°-ep-
lsØ {]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
I-fn¬ \n∂pw kwc-£n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ""apºp-h∂ F√m ssZhnI
hu
F∂m¬, thZ ]pkvXI - ßƒ ]I¿Øn Fgp-Xs - ∏-Sp-Ibpw Nne {KŸ-ß-sfbpw icn-sh-°p-∂Xpw Ahsb ImØv kwc-£n-°p-∂-
`mK-ßƒ IpSn-ea - \- k
- vIX
- t- bmsS Xncp-Øs - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøm≥ XpS-
hu
Xp-amWv Cu Jp¿-B≥'' (A¬am-CZ: 44-- ˛-48). "A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂-h-
ßn-b-tXmsS XpS¿∂p≈ \q‰m-≠pI-fn¬ thZ-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ i{Xp- Xo¿W-amb AtX cq]-Øn-ep≈ XudmtØm kphn-ti-jtam C∂p
Xm-]-c-amb A`n-{]mb `n∂-X-Iƒ D≠m-bn-Øo¿∂p. X¬ê-ambn ss__n- f n¬ C√. AXns‚ am\p- j nI kz`m- h hpw LS- \ bpw
rul
enJn-X^- eßƒ Ińbmb s]mSn-]S- e - ß

- ƒ ]nSn-®m-se-∂t- ]mse Ah ss__nƒ ]finX∑m¿ Xs∂ AwKo-Ic - m-Ip∂p' (Kurt Kuhl,
- n-®X
rul
Ahy-‡ambn-Øo-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn. BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw kzP\ ]£- the old testament: Its origin and composition (London, 1961) page:
]m-X-]-camb hymJym-\-ß-fp-sSbpw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-ap≈ Bh- 47,51,52).
c-Wß- ƒ \o°n-bm¬ Gsd Adn-bs - ∏-ń-cp-∂Xpw F∂m¬ Xosc {Kln-
da
F¶nepw ss__n-fns‚ t]Pp-I-fn¬ Xudm-Øns‚bpw kphn-

°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp-∂X - p-amb ss__n-fnse Nne hmIyßƒ sXfn™phcp-
ti-jØns‚bpw X\-Xmb `mK-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ \ap°v Ign-t™-
da
∂-Xm-W.v kKu-chw ]T\w \S-Øp∂ ]finX∑m¿°v Nq≠p-]e - I
- -
°mw. ]s£, B ktµ-i-ßƒ {Kln-°p-hm≥ hfsc kq£va-amb
I-fmbn Ah D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.
]T\w Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. (James Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible
w.
(Newyork, 1963) page: 340,567-569).

ss__n-fns‚ ]¶v
w.
ssZhnI shfn-]mSv (hlvbv) Ht´sd {]hm-N-I≥am-cn-eqsS h∂p
Xudm-Øn-s‚bpw kphn-ti-j-Øn-s‚bpw aqe-cq]w k¿h i‡- Hcp {]tXyI {]hm-NI - \- n¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-sa∂pw ss__nƒ kqNn-
ww
\n¬ \n∂pw Cd-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂mWv apkvenw-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂- ∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ ktµiw kp{Km-ly-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw

Xv. Bflm¿Y-Xt- bmSpw Bflm¿∏-Wt- ØmSpw IqSn ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ C\n-sbmcp {]hm-N-Is‚ Bh-iy-an-√mØ-hÆw At±-l-Øns‚
ww
tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn°m≥ Cukm-\-_n(A) PqX≥amsc £Wn-°m≥ ZuXyw km¿∆-eu-In-Ia - m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw kXy-thZ ]pkvXI - Ø- n¬
XpS-ßnb Ime-L-´-Øn¬ aqkm\-_n(A)bpsS XudmØv A{i-≤- ImWmw. Cu Zriy-amb kqN-\Iƒ C∂p e`y-amb ss__n-fns‚
amb ]I¿Øn Fgp-Øp-Iƒ°pw IpSne a\-kvI-X-tbm-sS-bp≈ AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.
hymJym-\-ßƒ°pw hnt[-b-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. F¶nepw Xudm- Bbn-c°- W- °
- n\v h¿j-ßƒ°v tijw hcm≥ t]mIp∂ Imcy-
Øn¬ am‰-ßƒ°v hnt[-ba - m-ImsX \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ssZhnI shfn- ßsf ]‰n ap≥Iqń-Øs∂ hfsc kv]jvS-ambn ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpI
]m-Sp-Isf Cukm-\-_n(A) Xs‚ aX {]`m-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS ÿnc- F∂Xp ssZh-Øn\v hfsc {]bmk cln-X-amWv; ]s£, a\p-jy\v
s∏-Sp-Øn. At±lw ]d™p: ""Rm≥ \ymb {]am-W-sØtbm {]hm- Akm-[yhpw. C_vdmlow \_n(A) bpsS Dd® hnizm-k-Øn\v
202 203
v Iw
ssZhw \¬Inb {]tXyI {]Xn-ê - \- sØ ]‰n ]gb \nb-aØ- n¬
]d-bp-∂p≠v ˛ At±-l-Øns‚ ]c-º-c-bn¬ s]´ a\pjy kaq-lsØ
ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw F∂ hmKvZm\w; Xs‚ ]n≥Kman-Iƒ
ssZhnI am¿K \n¿tZiw, {]hm-NI - Xzw F∂o KpW-ßƒ D≈-hc - m-
bn-cn°pw F∂ DS-ºSn:
m
\o C°mcyw sNbvXp \ns‚ GI-Pm-Xm-hmb aIs\ Xcp-hm≥ N¿®
hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ h¿Ø-am\w
m
aSn-°mbvI sIm≠v Rm≥ \ns∂ sFiz-cy-ambn A\p-{K-ln-°pw.
\ns‚ k¥-Xn-sb BIm-iØ - nse \£-{X-ßƒ t]msebpw IS¬°- s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv
.co
cbnse aW¬t]m-sebpw AXy¥w h¿[n-∏n-°pw. \ns‚ k¥Xn
.co
i{Xp-°f - psS ]´-Wß - sf ssIh-ia - m°pw. \o Fs‚ hm°p A\p- tNmZy-ßƒ
k-cn-®-Xp-sIm≠p \ns‚ k¥Xn apJm-¥ncw `qan-bn-ep≈ kIe
PmXn-Ifpw A\p-{K-ln-°s - ∏-Spw F∂v Rm≥ Fs∂s°m≠v Xs∂ 1. Un.-]n.-C.-]n. t{KUnwKv kwhn-[m\w, ]mT-]p-kvXI ]cn-jvI-c-
Ww XpS-ßn-bh \ΩpsS ASn-ÿm\ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e°v ÿnc-
da
kXyw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p F∂v btlmh Acpfn sNbvXp (D¬]Øn:
22:16-˛18). amb Aÿn-cX - b- t√ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂Xv?
da
C{_mlow \_n(A) bpsS c≠m- a sØ aI≥ Ckv l mJv 2. kzm{ib hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ kmaq-lnI \oXn-bpsS
\_n(A)t\mSv ssZh-Øn-\p≈ {]tXyI aaX ss__n-fn¬ {][m- hyh-ÿ° - I- Øv krjvSn-°p∂ A\p-Iq-ehpw {]Xn-Iq-eh - p-amb Ne-
hu
\- a mbpw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Ckv l mJv \ _n(A)bpsS \-ßƒ GsXms°?
hu
k¥m\ ]c-º-c-bn-emWv aqkm-\-_n(A)bpw, Cukm-\-_n(A)bpw 3. hnhckmt¶- X nI hn⁄m\ taJ- e - I ƒ, amt\- P v s a‚ v
h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C_vdmlow\_n(A)bpsS H∂m-asØ tImgvkp-Iƒ, s{]m^-jW - ¬ tImgvkp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh D∂X hnZym-
rul
k¥m\amb Ckvam-Cu¬\_n(A)bpsS ÿnXn F¥mWv? `ymkcwKØv kmaq-lnI imkv{X-ßs - f-°p-dn®v A]-I¿jXm--t_m[w
C_vdmlow\_n(A)bpsS BZy k¥m\sØ K¿`w [cn-°m≥ krjvSn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ ÿm\-ap-d-∏n-°p-∂pt≠m?
rul
Ign-bm-Ø-Xn¬ kmdm_ohn°v Xs‚ CuPn-]vjy≥ Zmkn lmP¿ 4. kpi-‡-amb ASn-ÿm\ hnZym-`ym-kw, anI® km£-cXm
_ohn-tbm-Sp≈ Akq-b-sb-]-‰nbpw lmP¿_ohn-bp-sSbpw Ckvam- \nc-°v, Kth-jWÿm]-\ß - f - nse ]T-\ß- ƒ Ch-sbms° h¿Ø-
da
Cu¬(A)s‚bpw Bhn¿`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ D¬∏-Øn-°Y am\ ImesØ tIc-fob kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-

Atßm-fa - n-tßmfw ]c-kv]c sshcp-[y-ßƒ \nd™Xm-Wv. AXncp Øp∂ kmwkvIm-cnI km∂n[y-ßƒ GsXms°?
da
IS∂ ln{_p tZi-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Hcp {]Y-tam-Zm-l-c-W-hp-am-W-Xv. 5. amdnb ImeØv hnZym-`ym-ksØ Fßs\ \n¿hNn-°p∂p?
(E.A.Spiser, Genesis (Newyork, 1964) The anchor Bible, vol.1 \nß-fpsS \n¿h-N-\-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-XmtWm hnZym-`ym-k-
w.
page: 156,157) Øns‚ h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ?
w.
ê- Ø n¬ lmPd _o- h nbpsSbpw Ckv a m *** *** ***
Cu¬\_n(A)bpsSbpw t\sc D¬]Øn IÆ-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ahn-
ww
\ΩpsS ASn-ÿm\ hnZym-`ymkcwKw ÿnc-amb Aÿn-cX

S-∂t- ßm´p CkvlmJv\_n(A)bpw kmdm-_o-hn-bp-amWv cwK-Øp-≈- t\cn-Sp-∂p-≠v. Cu Ah-ÿ°v {][m-\-ambpw c≠p Imc-W-ß-fm-
ww
Xv. ]s£, C_vdmlow\_n°v e`n® ssZhnI hmKvZm-\Øn¬ Hcp Wp-≈X - v. c≠pw cmjv{So-bØ- n¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - m-Wv. H∂v, ]pXp-Xmbn
]£-t`-Zhpw C√. Ah≥ C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v B `c-WØ- n-te-dp∂ Hmtcm k¿°mdpw hnZym-`ymk cwKØv Imtem-Nn-
imiz-Xa - mb Dd∏v \¬In-bt- ∏mƒ CkvlmJv\_n(A) Ncn-{X-Ønte X-amb am‰-ßƒ sIm≠p-hc - m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂X - mbn {]kvXm-hn-°p-
C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ckvam-Cu¬\_n(A) Bbn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ∂p. ]s£, Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ Hcp Bflm¿Y-X-bpan-s√∂v
GI k¥m-\w. ssZhw Acp-fn-s®bvXp: bnivam-tb-en-s\-°p-dn®pw XpS¿∂p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww, ]cn-jvI-c-
Rm≥ \ns‚ At]£ tIń-cn-°p-∂p; Rm≥ Ahs\ A\p-{K-ln- W-ßƒ hgn-°p-sh-®p-\n-dp-Øp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, ]cn-jvI-c-W-ß-fpsS
®p.... Ah≥ ]{¥≠v {]`p-°≥amsc P\n-∏n-°pw. Rm≥ Ahs\ ê-Øn¬ Xm¬]-cy-an-s√∂v c£n-Xm-°fpw A[ym-]-Icpw a\-n-
hen-sbmcp PmXn-bm-°pw. (D¬]Øn: 17:4-˛10,20)). em-°p-∂p. AtXmsS Cu c≠p hn`m-Khpw Bflm¿Y-amb kl-Ic - -
204 205
v Iw
W-Øn¬\n∂v ]n∑m-dp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk X¬]-cX IqSp-X¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ tIcfw t]mse-
c≠m-asØ Imc-Ww, XpS¿∂p-hc - p∂ `cWI¿Øm-°fpw hnZym- bp≈ Hcp kwÿm-\Øv kmº-ØnI _m[yX Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ k¿°m-
`ymk a{¥nbpw BZy-ambn D∂w sh°p∂Xv Xß-fpsS ap≥Km-an- dn\v {]bmkw tXm∂p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A°mcyw P\-ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-
Iƒ hnZym-`ymkcwKØv XpSßn sh®h A∏msS am‰n-sb-Sp-°p-I- °m≥ Xøm-dm-Ipw. Bh-iyamb ÿehpw sIń-Shpw \¬Im≥
bm-Wv. Cu c≠p Iqćpw ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ipń-If - psS `mhn- _lp`qcn-]£w c£n-Xm-°fpw AXp-t]mse kwL-S\ - I
- fpw apt∂m-
m
sb-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-t∂-bn-√. ]cn-jvI-c-W-ß-fpsS ]co-£W hkvXp- ´p-h-cp-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. kz¥-amb ÿew \¬Inbpw sIń-S-
ßƒ \n¿-an®pw Ip{Km-aß - f - n¬t]mepw P\-ßƒ kl-Ic - n-®p-sIm≠v
m
hmbn hcp-∂Xv e£-°W - ° - n\v ]mh-s∏-´h
- s‚ Ipń-If - m-Wv. kmº-
ØnI tijnbpw kzm[o-\h - p-ap-≈h
- ¿ GXp cmjv{So-b° - m-c\ - m-bmepw Iptdtbsd k¿°m¿ kvIqfp-Iƒ {]tXy-In®v ae-_m¿ `mKØv \S-
.co
Xs‚ Ipńsb kn.-_n.-F-kv.C kvIqfntem at‰-sX-¶nepw sk≥{S¬ ∂p-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv P\-ß-fpsS kl-I-cW at\m-`m-h-Øn\pw Ah-
cpsS hnZym-`ymk X¬]-cX - °pw sXfn-hm-Wv.
.co
kvIqfntem tN¿°p-∂p.
Ipd®p h¿jw apºv "\yqkv ho°v' F∂ Cw•ojv amkn-Ib - n¬ k¿°m¿ c≠p-Im-cy-ßtf sNtø-≠q. H∂v, Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈
temI- Ø nse G‰hpw ap¥nb kv I qfn- s \- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ Hcp ]{X A[ym-]I - sc k¿°m¿ iº-fØ - n¬ \n›-bn-°p-I. c≠v, ]mT]pkvX-
da
dnt∏m¿´v hmbn-°m-\n-S-bm-bn. Ch-bn¬ HºXv kvIqfpIƒ bqtdm- I-ßƒ kvIqƒ Xpd-°p-∂X - n\p apºmbn kvIqfn¬ FØn-°p-Itbm
∏nepw Ata-cn-°b - nepw HscÆw P∏m-\nepw D≈-Xm-W.v Cu kvIqfn¬ ]mT]pkv X - I - ß ƒ A®- S n®v hnX- c Ww sNøp- ∂ - X n\v kzImcy
da
\memw Xcw hsc c≠p hnj-bßƒ am{X-amWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - v. H∂v, GP≥kn-Isf G¬]n-°p-Itbm sNøp-I. F´mw ¢mkv hsc-bp≈
amXr-`m-j, c≠v, ASn-ÿm\ KWn-Xw. AXmb-Xv, Iq´¬, Ipd-°¬, kuP\y ]mT]pkvXI hnX-cWw P\-ßƒ Bh-iy-s∏-´X - √- . Bh-
hu
KpW-\w, lcWw F∂nh am{Xw. ChnsS imkv{Xtam Ncn-{Xtam iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]Ww sImSp-Ømepw ka-bØ - n\v ]pkvXIw e`n-°pI
hu
]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\tam H∂pw Xs∂ {][m\ hnj-b-ß-f-√. ]s£, F∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ h∂m¬ kzm{ib hnZym-`ymkw tIc-f-Øn¬
ChnsS tIc-fØ - n¬ hymZym-`ymk cwKØv, ]Tn-°p∂ Ipń°v Hcp Bh-iy-ambn hcn-√. AY-hm, Bh-iy-ambn h∂m¬Øs∂ k¿°m¿
kvIqfp-I-fnse AtX am\-Z-fi-Øn¬ \S-Øm¬ apt∂m-´p-h-cp∂
rul
{]k-‡n-bp-an-√-t√m. A[ym-]-I-cpsS tPmenÿnc-Xbpw FÆ-hp-am-
Wt√m {][m-\w. Ahn-SsØ A[n-Ir-X¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv tIƒ°pI: F√m-h¿°pw A\p-hmZw \¬In-bm¬ Aan-Xa - mb ôkv Hcn-°epw
rul
"ss{]adn ¢mkn¬ `mj-bn¬ ss\]pWyw t\Sn-bm¬ Ipń imkv{X CuSm-°p-Ib - n-√. D≈-hs
- ‚bpw C√m-Øh - s
- ‚bpw Ipń-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈
Ncn{X hnj-bß - ƒ kzbw a\-n-em-°n-s°m-≈p- w.' A¥cw A{Xbpw hep- X m- h n- √ . hfsc Ipd- b p- I bpw sNøpw.
hn≥Ã¨ N¿®n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv tIƒ°pI: The first duty of univer-
da
GsXms° k¿°m¿ h∂mepw Fs¥ms° ]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒ

sities is to teach wisdom and not trade.
sIm≠p-h-∂mepw tIcfw ]nd-∂Xv apX¬ Ct∂-hsc F√m Ipń-
da
Iƒ°pw F√m ]pkvX-I-ßfpw e`n-°p-Itbm, F√m ¢mknepw Ipń-Iƒ°v kmt¶-XnI cwKØv \√ Adnhv e`y-am-W.v ]s£,
A[ym-]-I¿ D≠m-Ip-Itbm D≠m-bn-ń-√. Cu c≠p Imcy-ßfpw \S- In´msX t]mIp-∂Xv Xncn-®-dn-hm-Wv. Cub-SpØv Ipssh-Øn¬ \S∂
w.
∂m¬ Hcp ]cn-jvIc - Ww k¿°m¿ sIm≠p-hc - m-sX-Øs∂ A[ymkw`hw: tdmUn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Hcp ^nen-ss∏≥ sXmgn-emfn
w.
]-Icpw c£n-Xm-°fpw C∂v ]T\cwKw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-se-Øn-°pw. shSn-tb‰p acn-®p-ho-Wp. Ipd®p Znh-k-ßƒ°p tijw as‰mcp
ap≥ Ata-cn-°≥ {]kn-U≠v PnΩn Im¿´-dpsS hm°p-I-fmWv Cu sXmgn-em-fn°p IqSn CtX KXn-tI-Sp-h-∂p. t]meokv At\z-j-W-
ww
Ah-kc - n¬ Hm¿°p-∂Xv: Government is not a solution, but a

- Ø Øn¬ ]Xn-\m-ep-Im-c-\mb Hcp IpsshØv _me-\mWv CXv sNbvX-
problem. sX∂v sXfn-™p. _me≥ jqńwKv ¢_n¬ jqń-ßn¬ ]cn-io-e\w
ww
t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. jqńw-Kn¬ \qdp iX-am\w am¿°pw e`n-®p. ]s£,
kzm{ib hnZym-`ym-k-sØ-∏‰n Rm≥ Nn¥n-°m-\p-≠mb Imc-
Bsc jq´p sNøm≥ ]mSn√ F∂ Xncn-®d - nhv c£n-Xm-°tfm A[ym-
W-ßƒ c≠m-W.v H∂v, ]m›mXy \mSp-Isf ]n≥]-‰m-\p≈ hy{K-X.
]-Itcm \¬In-bn-√. _pjns\ t]mep≈ t\Xm-°ƒ°pw bp≤-cw-
c≠v, kmº-ØnI cwKsØ ap≥K-W\m{I-Ønse sX‰mb ho£-
KØv ap≥]-¥n-bn-ep≈ imkv{X-⁄¿°pw òIchmZn-Iƒ°pw a‰pw
Ww. C¥y-sb-t∏mse Zcn-{Zhpw F∂m¬ hf-sc-tbsd am\-h-cp-≈-
C√msX t]mIp-∂Xv Cu Xncn-®-dn-hm-Wv. temIØv ]e Ipg-∏-
Xp-amb Hcp cmPysØ k¿°m¿ s]mXp hnZym-`ymk cwKØv ]n∑m-
ßƒ°pw Imc-Whpw CXp-X-s∂. AXn-\m¬ Ata-cn-°-bnse ]e
dp-I-sb-∂Xv hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-d-tbmSv sNøp∂ ISpwssIbm-Ip-∂p.
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fnepw Cub-SpØ Ime-Ømbn imkv{X kmt¶-
206 207
v Iw
XnI tImgvkp-Iƒ°pw ^ntem-k^n Hcp \n¿_-‘ hnj-ba - m-°n-bn- De° ImWm-Ø, De-°sb ]‰n tIƒ°mØ H∂mw
cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ¢mknse Ipń°v "Hcp-a-bp-s≠-¶n¬ De-°-taepw InS°mw' F∂
amXm]nXm-°-sfbpw Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw ssZh-Øns‚ ASpØ ]g-s©m-√ns‚ {]k-‡nbpw XØz-im-kv{Xhpw a\n-em-Iptam?
ÿm\-Øn-cp-Øp∂ `mcXob kwkvIm-cØ - n\v H´pw Xs∂ ÿm\w tIc-f-Øn¬ F¬.-]n. kvIqfn¬ sN∂v Imf-h-≠n°v F{X N{I-
\¬Im-ØXv kmt¶XnIhnZy-bm-Wv. ssZhamWv A∂ZmXmhpw kwc- sa∂p tNmZn-®m¬ \mep N{Iw, Bdp N{Iw Fs∂m-s°-bm-bn-cn°pw
m
£-I\pw F∂ hnizm-k-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-XamWv bYm¿Y hnZym-`ym-kw. DØ-cw. ImcWw Ah-cpsS Imf-h≠n Imf-Isf sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂
temdn-bm-Ip-∂p.
m
AXp- s Im≠v kmaq- l nI Pohn- X - Ø n¬ \mw ]pe¿Øn- b n- c p∂
kwkvImc aqey-ßƒ XI¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ kv I qƒ Xe- Ø nepw πkv Sp Xe- Ø n- e p- s am- s °- b p≈
.co
Bfl-lX - y-Ifpw hr≤-kZ- \ - ß
- fpw sIme-]m-XI - ß
- f- p-sams° ImWn- imkv{X ]mT]pkvX-I-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ imkv{X-Øns‚ Ncn-
.co
°p-∂Xv B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymkw kzm¿YX hf¿Øm≥ am{Xw DX- {X-amWv Ipń-Iƒ°v ]Tn-°m-\p-≈Xv F∂v ImWmw. Ch-sbms°
Ip∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. AWp-Ip-Spw-_-sØ-°mƒ sNdp-Xmbn, hy‡n- _ncp-Zm-\¥
- c_ncpZ ]T\ImeØv Ipń-Iƒ°v kzbw hmbn®p a\-
bn¬ am{Xw Npcp-ßp∂ Hcp kwkvIm-ca - mWv Ct∏m-gp-≈X - v. Pohn-X- n-em-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. Umƒ´s‚ B‰-Øns‚ Nn{Xw ]Tn-∏n®
da
Øns‚ F√m taJ-eI - f
- n¬\n∂pw ssZhsØ am‰n \n¿Øn-bt- Xm-Sp- tijw sslkvIqƒ hnZym¿Yn-tbmSv CsXms° sX‰m-sW∂pw
IqSn Xs‚ \nb-{¥Ww X∂n¬ am{X-am-sW∂ Nn¥-bmWv a\p-jys\ ]pXnb Nn{Xw as‰m-∂m-sW∂pw ]d-bp-tºmƒ F{X ka-ba - mWv ]mgm-
da
\nb-{¥n-°p-∂X - .v a\p \ndsb Xm≥ Xs∂. as‰m-cmƒ°pw ChnsS bn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xv. hnZym-`ymk \ne-hm-cØI¿®°pw km[m-c-W-°m-c-
ÿm\-an-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Akz-ÿX Hgn™ ka-ba - n-√. \mb Ipń-I-fpsS ]nt∂m-°m-hm-ÿ°pw {][m\ ImcWw kne-
hu
B¬hn≥ tSm^vf¿ Xs‚ G‰hpw ]pXnb ]pkvXI - a - mb "dh- _kpw ]mT]pkvX-I-ß-fp-am-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m≥ Gsd {]bm-k-
hu
eq-j-\dn sh¬Øv' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ thK-X°p Hcp sNdnb s∏-tS≠n hcn-√. ]mT]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ 75% hpw Ipń-Iƒ°v `mhn
A[ymbw am‰n sh®n-´p-≠v. ChnsS At±lw Hmtcm hyh-ÿ- Pohn-XØ- ntem D∂X]T-\Ø - ntem D]-Im-c{- ]-Za
- s
- √∂v Ch a\-n-
cpØn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Adn-bmw.
rul
bpsSbpw thKX hni-I-e\w sNøp-Ibpw Xmc-Xay]T\w \SØp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v. G‰hpw thK-X-bn¬ apt∂-dn--s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv (^m-dqJv B¿Svkv & kb≥kv amK-kn≥, 2008)
rul
hnhc kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS hmWnPytemI-am-Wv. AXns‚ thKX
100 F∂v k¶¬]n-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ k¿°m-dn-t‚Xv Aº-Xn-\S- p-Øm-
da
Wv. F∂m¬, hnZym-`ymkcwKw \oßp-∂Xv 10 thK-Xb - n-em-Wv. ChnsS

At±lw Hcp tNmZyw D∂-bn-°p-∂p: 100 thK-Xb - n¬ k©-cn-°p∂
da
Hcp hyh-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ tPmen sNøm-\mbn hnZym¿Yn-Isf Xøm-dm-
°m≥ 10 thK-Xb - n¬ k©-cn-°p∂ hnZym-`ymk hyh-ÿn-Xn°v Ign-
w.
bptam? DØcw hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Hmtcm ¢mkn-sebpw
w.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw kne-_kpw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ F{X-am{Xw ]Xp-
s°-bmWv hnZym-`ymkcwKw \oßp-∂Xv F∂v a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂X - m-
ww
Wv.
B¬hn≥ tSm^vf¿ ]T\w \S-Øn-bXv an°-hmdpw Ata-cn-
ww
°-bn-tebpw bqtdm-∏n-sebpw hnZym-`ymkcwK-Øm-bn-cn-°pw. Gjy≥
cmPy-ßf - nse ÿnXn CXn-s\-°mƒ F{Xtbm ]cn-Xm-]I - c- a- m-sW∂v
]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-. F√m cmjv{S-ß-fnepw F©n-\o-b-dnwKpw Iºyq-´dpw
]n.-Pnbpw Ign™v ]pd-Øn-dß - p-∂h
- s
- cm-s°bpw A\p-Zn\w am¿°‰v
]nSn-®-S-°p-∂Xpw ]pXnb ]pXnb samss_¬ t^m¨ XpS-ßnb
Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv D]-I-c-W-ßƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xpw \mw ImWp-∂-
Xm-Wt- √m.
208 209
v Iw
]≈n-Ifpw aZvd-k-Ifpw apf®ps]mßn. ]pXp-Xmbn \a-kvIm-c-°p-
∏m-bß
- ƒ Xp∂-s∏-´p. kp_vlv \a-kvIm-cØ - n-\p-t]mepw ]e ]≈n-
I-fnepw kz^v^ns‚ FÆw h¿[n-®p.
h¿j-ßƒ Ign-™-t∏mƒ B i_vZ-Øns‚ Dd-hnSw P\-ß-
fn¬\n∂v AI∂v D∂-X-ß-fn¬ \nh-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw P\-ß-
m
Pohn-®p-sIm≠p acn® alm≥ fpsS CS-bn-te°v Cdßn hcp-∂-XmWv ImWm≥ Ign-™-Xv. Duc-
s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv
m
IØpw FS-°p-f-Øp-ambn hen-sbmcp injy-k-ºØv D≠m-°nb
tijw, Hcp A[ym-]-I-s\°mƒ Hcp kwLm-S-I-s\-bmWv kap-Zm-
.co
A√mlp a\p-jy\v ]e A\p-{K-l-ßfpw Xpey-am-bn-´√ b-Øn\v Bhiyw F∂ Bibw B alma\-n¬ DZn-®n-cn-°W - w.
.co
\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Btcm-Ky-Ønepw kuµ-cy-Ønepw IpSpw-_-]- ka- k v X - b psS Iogn- e p≈ Bbn- c - ° - W - ° n\v aZv d - k - I - f psS
chpw kmº-ØnI-hp-amb kuI-cy-ß-fnepw F√m-hcpw hyXy-kvX- \SØn∏nepw Ah `cn-°p∂ IΩn-‰n-If - psS kpK-aa - mb {]h¿Ø-\-
cm-W.v F∂m¬, F√m a\p-jy\pw Htc Af-hn¬ e`n-°p∂ A\p-{K- ß-fnepw At±-lØ - ns‚ ]¶v Gh¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂X - m-Wv. sNdnb
da
l-amWv ka-bw. \mw Pohn-®p-Ig- n™ Hmtcm Znh-khpw Ccp-]Ø - n- Imcy-ßs - f-s®m√n IΩn-‰n-If - n¬ D≠m-Ip∂ A`n-{]mb hyXym-kß - ƒ
\mev aWn-°q¿ e`n-°m-Øh - c- mbn BcpwX-s∂-bn-√. ]s£, Cu aWn- ]¿h-Xo-Ic - n®p H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°p∂ P\-d¬ t_mUn-bn¬ sNs∂-Øp-
da
°q-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-bn¬ F√m-hcpw Xpey-c√ - . D]- tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ ae-t]mse h∂Xv a™v
tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-ØmsX ]mgm-°n-°f - b
- p∂ Hmtcm \nan-jØ
- nepw hmkvX- t]mse Dcp-In-t∏m-Ip-∂p. sNdn-b-h\pw hen-b-h\pw, At±lw Fs‚
hu
h-Øn¬ \mw Pohn-°p-∂n-√. "NØ-Xn-s\m-°ptam Pohn-®n-cn-°epw.' hm°p-Iƒ {i≤n-®p, Fs∂ ]cn-K-Wn®p F∂v tXm∂-Ø-°-Xm-bn-
hu
Ah-km\ \nanjw hscbpw Pohn-®p-Im-Wn-®p-X∂ a¿lqw kn.- cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ kao-]-\w.
F—v. sslZ-dqkv apkven-bm¿ \ap-s°ms° C°m-cy-Øn¬ amXr-I- At±-ls - Ø-t∏mse Alw-`m-ha - n-√msX Hcmsf FhnsS ImWm≥
rul
bm-tI-≠X - m-Wv. Htc kabw Xm≥ Hcp]mSv Imcy-ßƒ sNøp-Ibpw Ign-bp-sa∂v _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sc√mw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipó F∂p
Hcp-]mSv Imcy-ßs - f-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ka-kvXbpw Zmdp¬ hnfn®v Npa-en¬ ssIsh-°p-tºmƒ GXp Ipńbpw BZyw A¥w
rul
lpZmbpw _m^Jn bXowJm\bpw ]ń-°mSpw XpSßn Hcp]nSn hnSpw. Ct±-l-tØmSp F¥p ]dbpw F∂p Nn¥n®v H∂p ]cp-ßpw.
ÿm]-\ß - fpw {]ÿm-\ß - fpw B a\-n¬ GXp ka-bØpw \nd- ]s£, A¬]ka- b sØ kw`m- j Ww Ign- b p- t ºm- t g°pw B
da
™p-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. AtX-ka - b- w, Znhkw apgp-h≥ C_m-ZØ - n¬ apgp- ssI°p-Io-gn¬ Ipń sNdpXmIp-I-b-√, hep-Xm-Ip-I-bm-Wv. Xm≥
Ip-∂p. kwLm-SI - \
- mbn tIc-fØ - ns‚ ap°nepw aqe-bnepw kz¥w ]e Ign-hp-≈-h-\mWv F∂ t_m[w Ah-\p-≠m-Ip-∂p. kap-Zmb
da
al-√ns‚ Hmtcm tImWnepw At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n[yw A\p-`-h- tkh- \ - Ø n\v X\n°pw ]eXpw sNøm≥ Ign- b p- s a∂ Hcmfl
s∏-Sp-∂p. F√m-hn[ ùXnI kuI-cy-ßfpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-am-bn-cp- hnizmkw hf-cp-∂p. sFZ-dqkv apkven-bm-cpsS {]tXyI kao-]-\w-
w.
∂p-sh-¶nepw km[m-c-W-°m-c-\n¬ km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mbn Aßm-Sn- sIm-≠mWv Rms\ms° Zo\o cwKØv h∂Xv F∂v Hmam-\q¿ apl-
w.
bnepw CS-hg - n-bnepw _knepw Po∏nepw temdn-bnepw HmSn \S-°p∂ ΩZv kmln_v ]e-t∏mgpw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ ]e-cpw. Ah\v
B alm≥ Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn \tΩmSv hnS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. at‰ ]m¿ń-tbmSv Nmbvhp-≠v, \ΩpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Ahs\
ww
Hm¿a sh® Imew apX¬ tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-XmWv B ASp-∏n-°c - p-Xv... F∂ kwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-I¿°n-Sb - n¬ km[mcW
tIƒ°m-dp≈ A`n-{]m-bt- ØmSv At±lw Hcn-°epw tbmPn-°m-dn-√.
ww
i_vZw. aZvd-k-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv apXn¿∂-h¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv
tIƒ°m-dp≠v: "sslZ-dq-kp-ń-bpsS hbfv D≠v, Hms\ ImWm\pw Ah\v \nßƒ ImWmØ Hcp-]mSv KpW-ß-fp-≠v, {]h¿Øn-°m≥
Hms‚ H® tIƒ°m\pw t]mImsX ]‰q-e.' {]k-hn® DS-s\-Øs∂ ]‰pw, \√ Ipń-bm-Wv.... F∂n-ßs\ Ahs‚ Npa-en¬ ssIsh®v
DΩ acn-®-Xn-\m¬ "sFX¿Øv' ap√m-°-bpsS (D-Ω-bpsS ]nXm-hv) Ipd®p kabw kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ I¿tam-’p-I-\m-Ip-∂p.
"sslt{Zm- k pń' F√m- h ¿°pw {]nb- ¶ - c - \ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. hA- f ns‚ kwL-S\mt{]an-Iƒ Cu kao-]\coXn amXrIbmt°-≠X - m-Wv.
tÃPnepw t{imXm-°f - psS a\-nepw At±lw \nd-™p-\n-∂p. B ]d-∏q¿ sslkvIq-fn-\S- p-Øp≈ t_m¿UnwKv aZvdk - b
- nse Ipń-
i_vZw kv]o°-dn-eq-sSbpw A√m-sXbpw al-√p-I-fn¬\n∂v al-√p- I-fpsS ]T\]ptcm-K-Xn-sb-∏‰n At±lat\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ slUvam-
I-fn-te°v hym]n-®p. B Kmwò-cy-Xb - p≈ i_vZØ- n¬ Ipsd Gsd Ã-dmb Ahdp amÃ¿ ]d™p:
210 211
v Iw
""Ah¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]n∂n-emWv. kp∂Øv \nkvIm-c-Øn- ≠p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww, s]Ïp-ń-I-fpsS hnhm-l-ßƒ A[n-I-
s\ms° \n¿_-‘n-®p-\n-dp-tØ≠n hcp-∂p...'' amcpw Adn-bmsX t]mb-Xv. {]kw-KØ - nt\m a‰p ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒt°m
""\ap-s°mcp ¢mkv sh°mw. Rm≥ aKvcn-_n\v tijw hcmw.'' £Wn-°m≥ hcp-∂h - c
- psS tNmZyw: "Rßƒ hml-\h - p-ambn FhnsS
adp-]Sn Inń. hcWw?' DSs\ adp-]Sn: "\nßfpw hc-≠, Imdpw hc-≠, Rm≥
AhnsS FØn-t°m-fpw.' \S∂pw _nepw temdn-bn-ep-sam-s°-bmbn
Hcp aWn-°q¿ t\csØ D]-tZ-iw. ]ns‰ Znhkw apX¬ Ipń-
m
Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw FØp-Ibpw sNøpw.
Iƒ IrXy-ambn kp∂-Øv -\n-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv ImWm≥
m
Ign-™p. awK-em-]p-c-Øp-\n∂pw AI-se-bp≈ Hcp ÿeØv hAv-fn\v
t]mhp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xma-kn-®Xp ImcWw BZyw h∂ temdn-°p-
.co
""Ct∏mƒ Rßƒ°p-th-≠n-bmWv Rßƒ kp∂Øv \nkvIc - n-
Xs∂ ssIIm-Wn-®p. apt∂m-´p-t]mb temdn ]nt∂m´v h∂v At±-
-cn-°p-∂X.v'' Ipń-Iƒ ]d-™p.
.co
lsØ Ib-‰n. ss{Uh-dp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ A¬]w òXn
imk-\bpw òj-Wnbpw in£bpw C√m-sX-Øs∂ Ah-cpsS tXm∂n. Xs‚ \mńse B¿.-F-kv.-F-kns‚ {][m\ NmeIv Bbn-
a\-p-If - n-te°v Cd-ßn-s®-√m≥ At±-lØ - n\v Ign-™p. Hcp ]q¿W cp∂p ss{Uh¿. ]s£, A¬]w Ign-™t- ∏mƒ B òXn Aÿm-
A[ym-]-I≥.
da
\-Øm-sW∂v a\-n-em-bn. ss{Uh¿ ¢o\-dpsS ssI]n-Sn®p At±-l-
Hcn-°¬ hb-\m-Sn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp aZvd-k-bn¬ Ipń-Isf A`n- Øns‚ ssIbn¬ sh®v ]d™p: "Ch≥ \nß-fpsS apºn¬ kXyw
da
kw-t_m[\ sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sNø-Ww, C\n aZy-]n-°n-√m-sb-∂v... \nß-tfmSv kXyw sNbvXm¬
""kXyw ]d-bW - w, DΩbpw _m∏bpw \a-kvIc - n-°p∂ Ipń-Iƒ Ah\v kXyw sX‰n-°m-\m-hn-√....'' CXc aX-ÿ¿°p t]mepw B
hu
ssIs]m-°p-I.'' apJsØ Cuam\ns‚ {]Imiw Zriy-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.
hu
hfsc Ipd®p Ipń-Itf ssIs]m-°n-bp-≈q. A¬]-ka - b- sØ Ah-km\ \nanjw hscbpw I¿a\nc-X-\mbn B alm≥ \sΩ
D]-tZ-iØ - n\p tijw At±lw ]d™p: hn´p-]n-cn-™p. At±-l-Øns‚ A¥y-hn-{iaÿe-tØ°v kz¿K-I-
rul
""C∂p hoń¬ sN∂m¬ DΩbpw D∏bpw \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂n-s√- hm-Sß

- ƒ Xpd-°s - ∏-Ss- ´. Bao≥.
(kn.-F®v. sslt{Zmkv apkven-bm¿ kvac-Wn-I, 1995)
rul
¶n¬ Cu hońse tNmdv th≠ F∂v F√m-hcpw ]d-bW - w. ]d-bn-
t√...?''
F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-®p. Ipd®p Ime-Øn\p tijw AXp-hgn
da
IS-∂p-t]m-bt- ∏mƒ apXn¿∂ Nne-tcmSv al-√nse Imcy-ßƒ At\z-
da
jn-®p.
""Ipń-Iƒ \n-kvI-cn-°msX hnSqe.'' B adp-]Sn tI´p F{X-
w.
am{Xw BflkwXr]vXn D≠m-bn-cn-°W - w.
w.
]e IΩn‰n tbmK-ß-fnepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp≈ Bi-b-ßƒ
BZyta Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®p-sh-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. a‰p-≈-hcn¬\n-∂p-
ww
Xs∂ Bibw Dcp-Øn-cn-bm-\p≈ {ia-am-bn-cn°pw ]n∂o-Sv. Xosc

A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw hnUvVn-Øh - p-am-sW∂v BZyw tIƒ°p-∂h - ¿°v
ww
tXm∂pw. D‰kplr-Ømb _m∏pń lmPnbpw ]tc-X-\mb kl-]mTn
tNdq¿ _io¿ apkven-bmcpsams° t]mepw ]e-t∏mgpw ]d-bp-am-bn-
cp∂p:
""\nßƒ Btem-Nn®p ]d-bW - w, ]d-™n´v Btem-Nn-°c - p-Xv.''
]s£, hni-Z-amb N¿®-bpsS Ah-km\w F√m-hcpw FØn-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-Øn¬ X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
Bscbpw _p≤n-ap-ń-°mØ {]Ir-X° - m-c\
- m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-
212 213
v Iw
should be efficient and effective. To be efficient a teacher should
know ‘what to do’; to be effective a teaceher should know ‘how to
do’.
Internet, intranet, search engine, Google, browsing, log on, online,
off line, blue tooth, wifi, wilf, blog, orkut, twitter, blogo sphere, netizen,
m
‘Half-life’ of a Teacher web cam, sms, mms, 3G etc. are common place expressions and
m
Prof. E. Muhammad jargons discussed and used under the academic shadow. 90% of
high schools are familiar with them. If a teacher is not aware of
.co
90% of these terms, he/she needs professional updating. Hard work
The American sociologist Alvin Toffler calls it “the future
.co
and innovations will not help in this rat-race but smart work and
shock’’. If the teacher is not aware of the changes and advance- invention will. ‘wilf ‘ (what i was looking for), a new word crept into
ments in technologies and methods of education he/she becomes the latest English dictionary, from the web world. It shows the im-
incompetent. The history of mankind civilization begins with agricul-
da
portance of updating of our knowledge.
tural revolution, which lasted for about ten thousand years. During
‘A smart teacher knows not only what to teach and how to
da
this era “muscle’’ was the power. The industrial revolution followed;
teach but also what not teach to each age group’ thus says Aristotle.
it lasted for about two hundred and fifty years up to 1950, where the
hu
power was money, but in the post-modern era of cutting edge tech- Our beloved former president APJ Abdul Kalam foresees a
nology, knowledge is the power. Knowledge breeds knowledge. It bright future for the young Indian teachers. By 2020 India will be a
hu
spreads and multiplies like an avalanche. According to Moor’s law global supplier of good teachers and other professionals, provided
knowledge doubles every 18 month. If we can store all the present that we enhance the half life of our professionals from five years to
rul
knowledge in one million CDs we will require four million CDs after say twenty years. Then India will be the destination of the head
hunters.
rul
six years. This shows the fast expansion and explosion of informa-
tion and knowledge. (Farook B.Ed College Kottakkal, Annual Magazine-2008-2009)
A teacher is expected to know something about everything and
da
everything about something. Nowadays, it is difficult to keep pace
da
with the vast flood of knowledge.
‘Half life’ is a term borrowed from nuclear physics. It is the
w.
time required for the decay of half of the radio active material. It
varies from the fraction of a second to thousands of years depend-
w.
ing on the radio active material. Same thing happens to the trained
ww
teacher. The competency and efficiency of trained teachers decrease

year by year. And at the present rate of knowledge explosion, the
ww
teacher becomes only 50% efficient after about five years. So too
with other professionals.
So the teachers and other professionals should undergo periodi-
cal training or refresher courses. The chalk and talk method and
frequently used statements like ‘hard work leads to success’ are
obsolete and as dead as dodo. They are replaced by LCD and the
statement ‘smart work leads to success’. For smart work, a teacher
214 215

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s{]m^. C.

Zmdp¬ lpZm Ckvem-anIv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

Cover Ien-Xp≈n hcp-∂-hs\

Price: 50.00 INR

s{]m^. C. apl-ΩZv: PohnX tcJ................................................... 9

C\n BtcmSp tNmZn°pw kwi-bß - ƒ?...........................................140 F¬.-]n. kvIqƒ, ]pXp-∏-dºv

Prof. E. Muhammad’s Position in the History of Religious

^mdqJv Cw•ojv aoUnbw sslkvIqƒ, tIm´-°¬

]pXp-∏-dºv Kh. kvIqƒ ]n.-Sn.F {]kn-U‚ v

`mcy: JZoP l÷pΩ

Pmam-Xm-°ƒ: apÿ^ Xncq-cß - m-Sn, ^mdqJv aq∂n-bq¿, iwkp-

a™m-ΩmSv. AXm-bn-cp∂p \m´nse G‰hpw {]-[m-\- IS-h.v Hcp

°-dn-Ifpw kpK‘ hyRvP\ - ß

a™m-ΩmSv IS-hn\v Zi-Iß - f- psS Ncn-{X-ap-≠v. GI-tZiw \qdv

hnhn[ ]d-Iƒ, Ie-∏I - ƒ, he, sXm∏n-°p-S, ]n®m-°Ø - n, Acn-hmƒ

e, hmg-°p-e, I∏, D≠-°n-gß - ,v C©n, Nma XpS-ßn-bh ]pdw\mSp-

\nkvIm-c-∏-≈n-I-fm-Wv. kp∂o ]mc-ºcyw ImØp kq£n-°p∂

F√m \mSp-I-sfbpw t]mse-Øs∂ HmØp-]-≈n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p

{]m¿Y\tbmsS ag h¿jn-°pI km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. cp-∂-Xv.

CtXmsS A_vZp¬ _mcn DkvXmZv Xs‚ \mSmb ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse

DkvXm-Z,v Ip™-lΩ - Zv Ip´n ss^kn, Jmkn AlvaZv Ip´n apkven-

Pohn-XsØ Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n® c≠v hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ. sNΩmSv

At±lw ]Wn Ign-®n-cp-∂p. c≠p IpSpw-_-ßfpw ]≠p apXte

Sp∂ BZysØ D∏m-∏. At±-l-Øn\v tijw h¿j-ß-tfm-f-ap≈

t]m°p-hpw. t]m°p-hns‚ GI aI-\m-bn-cp∂p Ip™-lΩ - Zv Ip´n.

aqk-°p-´n°v c≠p `mcy-am-cnembn Ccp-]-Øn-c-≠v a°-fp-≠m-

\m´nse {][m-\nbpw Imc-W-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p A_vZp¬ JmZn¿

]pXp-∏d- º- nse ]me-t»cn CØn-°¬ apl-ΩZv lmPn-bpsS aIƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

imlp¬ laoZv thßc XpS-ßn-bh - ¿

^mdqJv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Imew. ]T-\Ø - ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

B{K-lw. Ah-km\w ss^\¬ FIvkm-ans‚ kabw ASp-Øp-h-

CØcw aXÿm]-\ß - t- fmSv _‘-s∏-SpØn {]h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-

®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ GXv taJe skeIvSv sNø-Ws - a∂pw GXv kvIqƒ

klmb kl-Ic - W- ß- f- n¬ C°m° F∂pw ap≥]-¥n-bn-em-bn-

ae-bm-fw Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-ß-fmWv IqSp-X-embpw hmbn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. tIƒt°≠n h∂n-√.

sj¬^n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSXv ImWm-sX-bm-bn. a™m-ΩmSv ]pg-°-c- A∂v henb Ifn-I-fp-sSbpw Bƒ°q-´-

t{]c-Iw. C°m-°b - psS Hmtcm \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ.

t∏mgpw cm{Xn-I-fn-emWv IpSpw-_-Ønse Ieym-W-Øn\v t]mbn-cp-∂-

_‘-ßƒ apdn-bmsX kq£n-°W - s - a∂pw ASp-Øh - c

®n-cp-∂p. km[m-cW Fhn-tS-s°-¶nepw bm{X t]mIp-tºmƒ Hcp

¶nepw h∂m¬ Ah-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah¿°v

D≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. km[m-cW Ign-°m-dp≈ Kpfn-II - fpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Aan-X-amb kmaq-lnI {]nXn-_-≤X kzm¿Y Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-cmb

thW-sa-¶n¬ Fß-s\bpw Pohn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£, s]men-hnepw I¬]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®psams°-bmWv D∏ A∂v kwkm-cn-®-Xv.

™-b-®p. D]-cn-]-T-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw hgn-bnse km[y-X-Isf Ipdn-

Fs‚ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√, Fs‚ ho´p-Im-cpsS ]T-

t{]m’m-l-\-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.

D∏-bpsS amXm-hns‚ hoSp≈ IS-ep-≠n-bn¬ t]mbn-cp-∂p. As∂-

Ip´n-It- fm-sSm∂pw D∏∏ h√msX tZjyw ]nSn-°p-Itbm NoØ

Nne sshIp-t∂-cß - fn¬ D∏∏ Rß-tfm-sSm∏w \S-°m-\n-dß - p-

cp∂v Ifn-°p-∂Xv ImWm≥ D∏-∏m°v henb B{K-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-

tImsf-Pn-se-Øn-bXv apX¬Xs∂ \mSp-ambn Ft∏mgpw _‘-s∏-

\mSns‚ hnZym-`ym-khpw kmaq-lnI ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p

®hpw kmaq-lnI ta∑bpw ssIh-∂p.

h∂p. HmtcmcpØ-cp-ambpw t\cn´v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-°n. sNdn-b-h-

_m∏p-hn-s\-°p-dn®v \m´pImtcmSv tNmZn-®m¬ Nn¥n-°m≥t]mepw ®p. \m´p-Im¿°n-S-bn-te-°n-d-ßn-bp≈ ]ncnhv Xs∂. AXm-bn-cp∂p

I, Bﬂm¿Y-ambn {]h¿Øn-°pI. AXm-bn-cp∂p ssien. AXm-

*** *** *** hb-dnw-Kn\pw a‰pambn \q‰n-b-ºXv cq]-bmWv A∂v CuSm-°n-bn-cp-

®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pdw-tem-I-hp-ambn _‘-an-√msX Gsd-°psd H‰-s∏´v InS-∂

Zv ka-kvXb - psS Aa-c° - m-c\- mbn \ne-sIm-≈p-tºmƒXs∂ \mSns‚

W-Øn-\-S°w ]e-Xn\pw ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-Ø-Xpw. XpS¿∂v, kn.-F-®v.

Cusbmcp ]›m-Øe - Ø- n-emWv C. apl-ΩZv kmln_v IS-∂p-

[n-I-ambn Xcn-imbn InS∂ ]pXp-∏-d-ºnse ]mSØv AXv hnP-b-I-c-

* * *** hb-dnw-Kn\pw a‰pambn \q‰n-b-ºXv cq]-bmWv A∂v CuSm-°n-bn-cp-

apX- e p≈ Hm¿a- I - f mWv C∂pw a\- n¬ IØn- \ n¬°p- ∂ - X v .

h√mØ CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. DkvXm-Zns‚ ¢mkv Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ * * ***

* * ***

IpSpw_{]iv\-ßfpw al-√-nse {]iv\-ßfpw kvIqfnse {]iv\- * * ***

®Xv C∂pw a\-n¬\n∂v am™p-t]m-bn-´n-√.