2010 \-hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

1
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 kmln- X y- t emIw
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
]pkvXIw 37 e°w 6

]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn
{]kn- U ≠v
]n. h’e
sk{I-´dn & FUn-‰¿
]pcp-j≥ IS-ep≠n
FUn- ‰ ¿ C≥Nm¿÷v
sI.-C.-F≥. Ip™lΩZv
AwK߃
tUm. Fkv. imc-Z-°p´n
_n.-Fw. kpld
sI.-B¿. a√nI
s{]m^. IS-Ø\ - m´v \mcm-bW
- ≥
sI.-]n. cma-\pÆn
k_v FUn- ‰ ¿
hn.-F≥. Atim-I≥ BapJw
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bp-tS-Xv, ""ho¿∏pw hnb¿∏pw IÆo-cpw,
ssZhm¿∏-Wa - m-apƒ°-Æocpw'' Xnf-®p-ad
- n-bp-s∂mcp Imhy-
tem-I-am-Wv. AXn-∂pw, "alm-km-l-k-ß-sf-∏p-evIm≥,
shºn \n¬°p∂ Hcp kly-]p-{X-s‚, "kvt^mS-\-߃'
Sahityalokam Literary bi-monthly in Malayalam
Vol.37. No.6 —2010 November - December

Cover Design : Vinaylal
Edited, Printed and Published by Purushan Kadalundi on behalf of kz]v\w ImWp∂ kzmX-{¥y-am-Wv. IÆo-cnepw tNmc-
Kerala Sahitya Akademi,Thrissur-680020.
Printed by Santhi Bhavan Offset, Thrissur-7 bnepw IpXn¿∂, AXn-s‚, Akz-ÿk - vac - W
- I- f
- n¬\n∂v

Registered with the Registrar of Newspapers, India under R.N. 17137/69.
Rs.20/- C∂pw ]qhp-Iƒ hnS-cp-Ibpw Aºp-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-´p-sIm-
kmln-Xy-temIw ssZzam-knI. ]pkvXIw 37 e°w 6. 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿. Ih¿ Unssk≥: ≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw....
hn\-bvem¬. en]n-hn-\ym-khpw A®-Sn-\n¿∆-lW
- hpw: im¥n-`h
- ≥ Hm^v sk-‰v, Xr»q¿. hne : 20 cq]. sI.-C.-F≥.
2 3
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 D≈- S °w
sshtem-∏n≈n ]Xn∏v
]´nWn∏m´p-Im¿ 5 s{]m^. sI.-]n. i¶-c≥
NohoSp-I-fpsS ]m´v 15 tUm. sI.-]n. taml-\≥
sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hnX ka-Im-e-{]-k‡n 22 s{]m^. Fcp-taen ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n≈
]p√ns‚ Adnhv 29 C.-]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥
IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬
Ihn-Xbpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw 37 tUm.-F-kv.-F-kv. {ioIp-am¿
I∂n-s°mbvØv
Z¿i-\hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw 44 tUm.- sI.-B¿. tSmWn
IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ 54 ]n.-F≥. tKm]o-Ir-jvW≥
amº-g-∏p-gp-hns‚ Zwi\w 61 kPbv sI.-hn.
`mhn-bn-te-°p≈ hgn 66 APbv ]n. aßm´v
Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]® 73 Sn.-Sn. {]`m-I-c≥
Imhy-\m-SIw : cwKhpw A]-c-cw-Khpw 82 ]n.-F-kv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥
IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ense kmwkvIm-cn-I-ap-{Z-Iƒ 88 _n.-B¿. kptajv
Ihn-X-Iƒ
CS-t»cn 108 ]mSyw hniz-\mYv
hnh¿Ø\w 111 _nPp Im™-ßmSv
sXcp-hnse ]m´p-Im-c\v 112 ]n. kPohv Ipam¿
ImgvN-Iƒ 113 cma-N-{µ≥ tImegn
GI-Pm-eIw 115 Znhy ioshm≈n
IY-Iƒ
]mSw \o¥n-h∂ Ipfn¿°m‰v 116 Sn.-kn. tPm¨
]n≥Ip-dn∏v 120 taml≥ Xm°qcn
ImØn-cn∏v 124 kXojv InSm-c-°pgn
{KŸ-\n-cq-]Ww
au\w hmNm-e-am-Ip∂p 125 tUm. kn. {ioIp-am-c≥
A]-c-t\z-j-W-߃ 130 Ie-tamƒ Sn.-sI.
C¥y≥ Kma-Po-hnXw 135 tUm.-Fw. IrjvW≥\-ºq-Xncn
4 5
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
"]´n-Wn-∏m-´p-Im¿'
s{]m^. sI.-]n.-i¶
- c
- ≥
Imev ] - \ n- I - X - b psS taml- h - e - b - Ø n¬\n∂p
ap‡n t\SpI F∂Xv Ihn-Xsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw Ffp-∏-amb Imcy-a-√. F¥n\p t\SWw
F∂-Xn-\v, Ihn-X-bpsS bYm¿∞-amb Du¿÷w \ne-
\n¿Øm≥ F∂mWv DØ- c w. Imev ] - \ n- I X
A¥¿hocytam A`n-ho-£-Wtam Bbn h¿Øn-°p-
∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, Ihn-X-bn¬ "Be-`mc-'tam A\p-jvTm-
\tam Bbn hym]n-®p-I-f-™mtem? At∏m-gmhpw
Du¿÷-tem]w t\cn-Sp-I. CXv hmkvX-hn-I-X-bn-te-
bvt°m, hgntb B[p-\n-IX - b
- n-tebvt°m Hs°-bp≈
]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v DtØ-P-I-am-Ip-∂p. Imev]-\n-I-
hymtam-lsØ h¿Pn®v hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ Dd-®p-\n-∂v, B
Dd- ∏ n- e qsS `mhn C—m- \ p- c q]w Dcp- Ø n- c n- ° m- \ p≈
Du¿÷w kw`-cn®v, Imev]\ - n-IX - b
- psS taml-he - bw t`Zn-
°m≥ {ian® Ihn- b mWv sshtem- ∏ n- ≈ n. sshtem-
∏n≈n°hn-X-bpsS ]pXp hmb-\-bn-eqsS... Ncn-{X-Ønse
Hcp kµ¿`-Øn¬\n∂v IhnX ssNX\yw Bhm-ln-°p-
∂-Xns‚ DZm-l-c-Ww.
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Øns‚ ambn-I-X-bn¬\n∂p c£-s∏-Sm≥ ]e am¿K-ß-ƒ ]co-£n-
°-s∏-´p. Iq´-Øn¬ {]-am-W-s∏´ H∂t{X Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ssNX-
\ysØ ]p\-cm-hm-ln-°pI F∂-Xv. hymtam-lsØ h¿Pn®v hkvXp-
X-I-fn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-I; B Dd-∏n-eq-sS, ^e-Øn¬, `mhn C—m-
\p-cq]w Dcp-Øn-cn-°m-\p≈ Du¿÷w Hcp-°q-´pI- ˛ Cßs\ kw{K-
ln-°mw Cu kao-]-\-Øns‚ kØsb. \ΩpsS Ihn-X-bn¬
CXn\p apJy-ambpw bXv\n-®Xv Ccp-t]¿: sshtem-∏n-≈nbpw F≥.-
hn.-bpw. CXn¬, sshtem-∏n≈n kz¥w cN-\-I-fn¬ Ncn-{X-Ønse
Nne k‘n-I-sfbpw kw`-h-ß-sfbpw ]cn-N-cn-®-Xn-s\bpw Aßs\
]pXn-sbmcp {]mW-hocyw ^en-∏n-®-Xn-s\bpw ]‰n, thW-sa-¶n¬
hn]p-e-am-°m-hp∂ H-c-t\z-j-W-Øns‚ {]m-cw`w am{X-am-Ip∂p Cu
Ipdn-∏v. hn]pew F∂p-h® - mtem: {][m-\I - r-Xn-If
- n-eqsS s]s´-∂p≈
Hcp {]Z-£n-W-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bpw, Cu KW-Øn¬ s]Sp-Øm-hp∂
Ccp-]-Xn¬∏pdw C\-߃ ImWm-bn. F√mw Cg-t]¿°pI {]bm-
k-am-hp-at- √m. H∂p am{Xw, AXpw Ffnb tXmXn¬, DZm-lc - n-°mt\
C-hnsS Dt±-i-ap-≈q.
1953-˛s‚ (5.11.1953 F∂v cN-\b- psS XnbXn tcJ-s∏-SpØn ImWp-
∂p) DZvK-a-amb "]´n-Wn-∏m-´p-Im¿' BWv Ct∏mƒ sXc-s™-Sp-
Øn-cn-°p∂ B H∂v. Ncn-{X-tØm-Sp≈ A`n-\n-th-iw, AXns‚
kr„n-]-c-amb A]-{K-Y-\w, Aßs\ kzcq-]n-°p∂ ssNX-\y-
Øns‚ Bhm-l-\w˛ Cu {]h-WX At∂bv°p kp]-co-£n-X-am-
bn-°g-- n-™n-cn-°p-∂p. "]´n-Wn-∏m-´pIm'cn¬ ]cn-N-cn-°p-∂Xv, ]pXnb
ssienbn¬ ]d™m¬ {]iv\-h¬°-cn-°p-∂Xv, \ΩpsS \m´n¬
AXn-\Iw {]ÿm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ {]XnjvT t\Sn-bn-cp∂ ]ptcm-
K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ {]k-‡n-sb-bm-Wv. B {]ÿm-\-Øn\v DZ-
bw, Du¿P-m[m-\w, A]-cym]vXX h√-Xp-apt≠m F∂ D]-cn-Nn¥
˛ Hs° Cg-t]¿Øp-t\m-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ AXn-\Iw ]IzX h∂-
Xmbn sshtem-∏n≈n Icp-Xn-bn-´p-≠m-hmw. Aßs\ N-cn-{X-Ønse
˛ IqSp-X¬ IrXy-ambn \n¿t±-in-®m¬ kmwkvIm-cnINcn-{X-Ønse
˛ \n›n-X-amb Hcp kµ¿`-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww "]´n-Wn-∏m-´p-Imcp'sS
cN-\bv°p t{]cIw F∂v B hiw kw{K-ln-°-s´.
GXp hnj-bhpw Ihn-X-bn¬ bYm-hn[n hnP-bn-°p-∂Xv inev]-
Øns‚ \n]p-W-amb hn\ym-k-Øn-eq-sS-bm-W-t√m. Cu Iem-X-Øz-
Øn¬ kmln-Xy-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°p in£Ww \evIm≥ ka¿∞-
at{X sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS an° cN-\-I-fpw. "]´nWn-∏m-´p-Im'cpsS
\nebpw hyXy-kvX-a-√. hncp-≤w-sIm≠p Xncn \o´p-tºmgmhpw Nne-
t∏mƒ hnh-£n-X-Øn\v icn°pw sXfn®w e`n-°pI. a{Zm-kn¬
amth-en-\m-´p-Im-cmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ D]-Nm-c-`m-h-Øn-em-bmepw
tlmÃ-en¬ HmW-Øn\v Hcp-°p∂ BtLm-jw, AXn¬ `mKy-h-
6 7
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
im¬ AXn-Yn-bmbn FØnb ae-bm-fn-a-l-Xn-bpsS Bflo-b-`m-j-
Ww˛ CØ-c-samcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn\v "]´nWn-∏m-´p-Im'cn¬ F¥p
kmwKXyw F∂Xv Btem-N-\m¿lw-X-s∂. B Bflo-b-`m-j-W-
Øns‚ A\-h-k-c-X-bn¬ Dc-™-t{X, Hcp Xo\mfw t]mse, ]ptcm-
K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Xncn-®-dnhv Ihn-
bn¬ DW-cp-∂-Xv. Af-°epw sNmcn-b-epw, Hcp ]t£, \S∂v B
Xncn-®-dnhv a\- n¬ Dd-®-Xn-\pta¬, {]`m-j-W-°m-cn-bmb al-
Xnt°m Ahsct∏mep-≈-h¿t°m Hcp ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\bv°v DX-
In-sb-¶n-em-hs´ F∂ `mh-Øn¬ ]gb kw`hw A-\p-kva-cn-∏n-
°p∂ hSn-hn¬ BJym\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂p:
"{ioa-Xn, Rm\n-Xp-IqSn, bpW¿s∂m-sc˛
t∂m¿Ω-bn¬\n∂p Ipdn-°mw, s]mdp-°p-I.'
BZysØ Cuc- S n- b n¬Xs∂ ImWp∂ "{ioaXn' F∂
kmZcamb kwt_m-[-\, "s]mdp-°pI' F∂ {]I-S-\-]-c-amb £am-
]Ww F√mw kmIq-X-ambn tXm∂p-∂p. Cu Awiw AS-bm-f-s∏-
Sp-Øn-sh-bv°p-∂Xv Ihn-X-bpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ \n¿Wm-b-I-amWv
F∂p thWw hnNm-cn-°m≥. Fs¥-∂m¬, {]`m-j-Ibv°v A]-
Zm\w Na-bv°-b-t√, Ah-cpsS Bi-b-ß-fp-ambn s]mcpØw hcn-
°-b-t√, F∂v {]Xy-£-Øn¬ hn{`-an--°m-hp∂ hcn-Iƒ°v hmkvX-
h-Øn¬ s]m-cpƒ thsd-bmImw F∂p-IqSn \n¿-[-cn-°p-tºmtg
"]´nWn-∏m-´p-Im'cpsS ]cn-tim-[\ ^ew t\Sq. B hmkvX-h-s∏m-
cp-fn-tebv°p shfn®w hoWp-In-´p∂Xv hgntb am{X-am-hmw. F∂m-
epw, AXns‚ Hcp civan BZysØ Cuc-Sn-bnse Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-X-
bpsS A¥x-kz-c-ambn hnth-Nn-°p-∂-Xmhpw Bim-kyw.
C\n-bmWv tlmÃen¬ Hcp-°nb HmW-hn-cp-∂ns‚ ]cm-a¿iw.
(sshtem-∏n≈n _n.-Sn. ]cn-io-e-\-Im-eØp ]m¿Øn-cp∂ skbvZm-
s∏-‰nse tlmÃ-em-WnXv F∂v, "]´nWn-∏m-´p-Im¿' BZyw Dƒ-s∏-
Sp-Ønb ""hnØpw ssIt°m´pw'' F∂ kam-lm-c-Øn¬ Cs√-¶n-
epw, hgntb k]vXn-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®p ]pd-Øp-h∂ ""sshtem-∏n-
≈n-°-hn-X-Iƒ'' F∂ henb kam--lm-c-Øn¬ ASn-°p-dn-∏p-sIm-Sp-
Øp-Im-Wp-∂p. thsdbpw H∂p-c≠v ASn-°p-dn-∏p-I-fm¬ DZm-c-amWv
k]vX-Xn-k-am-lm-cw. "]´nWn-∏m-´p-Im'cn¬ ]cm-ar-„-bm-hp∂ al-
Xn, A[ym-]n-Ibpw tZio-b-{]-h¿Ø-I-bp-amb {ioaXn sI. Ieym-
Wn-°p-´n-bΩ F∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-ج DZm-l-c-Ww. IuXpIw as‰m-
∂s{X: ac-Wm-\-¥cw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb kºq¿W-k-am-lm-c-
Øn¬ "]´nWn-∏m-´p-Im'cpsS ]mTw, F¥p-Im-cW - Ø- m-tem, Cu ASn-
°p-dn-∏p-I-fpsS DZm-cX Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.) B HmW-hn-cp∂v
s]m∂p shbv-t°-≠n-SØp ]qhp-sh-bv°p∂ hn[w D]m-b-Øn¬
H∂v. "Imbv°p-e-tb-¥p∂ t\{¥-I-fn-√-ßp, Im° Ie-ºp∂p
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
th∏n≥]-g-ß-fn¬' F∂v A∂sØ a{Zm-kn-s\-°p-dn®v Ihn-bpsS cn-°p-I-bmWv C\n-sbmcp Jfin-I.
hni-Zo-I-cWw. F∂mepw hncp-∂ns‚ Ipdhp \nI-∂p-In-´p-I-bm-bn- bqtdm- ∏ ns‚ `uXn- I - X - b n¬ Xm≥
cp-∂p, hn-Nm-cn-°msX FØn-t®¿∂ hnin-„-km-∂n-[y-Øm¬. ]I¿∂ Bflo-b-km-¥z\w apX-embn
""F¥`nam\w! ae-\m-´p-sX-ßns‚ \ap°p {]Xo-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xp-Xs∂
]¥-en¬ sN√-®n-dIp hncn-°nepw Cu hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xpw. ]t£,
]uc-kvXy-]m-›m-Xy-tZ-im-¥-c-ß-fn¬ ""Km‘n-X≥ Xmbv\m-´p-Im-cn-sb-»m-¥n-
]mdn-Øn-cn®'' X≥ Im- ¥ n- a - c o- N n- b mbv {]m⁄¿
F∂v B km∂n-[ysØ hmgvØp-∂p. Ah-cm-h-s´, hncp-∂n-s\-Øp- am\n®''tXmsSm∏wXs∂, "kmZcw
S¿∂v, kZ p ]cn-an-X-am-sW-¶nepw AXn-t\mSp kwkm-cn-°m-\p≈ ]m›m-Xy-]uc-n-Iƒ Xs‚ kmcn-Ifpw
kuP\yw ImWn®p. (ssh-tem-∏n-≈n-bpsS ssieo-kp-`K - a
- mb Cw•o- ]√p-Ifpw I≠p-sIm-Xn-®Xpw', he-b-
jn-s\-°p-dn®v A`n-⁄¿ ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p-≠v. AXp-h®v Rm≥ A\p- Øn-\-I-Øm-sW-¶nepw, hni-Zmw-i-ß-
am-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv. "You condescended to speak to us' F∂v Cw•o- fn¬ s]Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂Xp hnkva-cn-
jn¬ Btem-Nn-®n-´m-bn-cn-°ptam, ®p-Iq-Sm. ]mco-kn¬ \·X sRc-ºp-
""`£-W-tijw I\n™q `-h-Xn-bm˛ e-bv°p-amdp \rØw shbv°p-∂Xp
s°m-®p-k-Z- n¬ {]kw-K-ap-Xn¿°p-hm≥'' t\m- ° msX Xm≥ t\sc- t ]m- b Xp
F∂ ae-bm-fh - mIyw hm¿∂p-ho-WXv! "Ip\n™q' F∂-Xn\p sXm´p- sdmtabv≥ tdmf≥Uns‚ B{i-a-Øn-
\n-ev°m-hp∂ H∂m-Wt√m "I\n™q' F∂ {Inbm-]Zw.) GXm- te-bv°v; AhnsS e`n® h’-ehpw
bm-epw, kZ- n¬ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p ]pdsa I∂-Scpw sXep-¶cpw DZm-c-hp-amb hc-thev]v Xs‚ IÆp-
Xan-gcpw IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv Xs∂ Gsd IrXm¿∞-\m°p∂p. Ip- X n¿Øp. CsX√mw hnh- c n- ° th
""CΩ-dp-\m-´p-Im¿ tI-´p-sIm-Xn-°s´ s]¨ ae-bm-f-kz-X-{¥-I-fm- {ioa-Xn-bpsS ssI-X∏qwIhnƒ tImcn-
]ptcm-K-a-\-km-
chw'' F∂v Xs‚ tZim-`n-am-\-Øn\v At∏mƒ, NndIv Ipcp-°p- Ø- c n- ® p- t ]mepw! Acn- s I- b n- c p∂v
lnXyw F∂ {]ÿm-\-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu tIc-fo-bX `mc-Xo-bX F∂ "`mh'Ønte X߃ {]kwKw {ihn®p F∂- √ ,
Øns‚ {]k‡n Dd-∏p-
bv°p hnI-kn-°m\pw hnfw-_-ap≠-m-bn-√. ]ns∂- t bm, ]pXnb P\p-   n- e p≈
h- c p- Ø p- ∂ - X n¬ HXp-
""hkv-{Xtam `mjtbm amd-s´, bn¥y-X≥ "Bflob kuc`w \pI¿∂p' F∂m-
ßp- ∂ n√ "]´n- W n- ∏ m-
lrØp-an-Sn-∏n-sXm-tc-sbmcp ssien-bn¬'' Ip∂p Ihn-bpsS A\p-`-h-km-£yw.
´pIm'cpsS {]m[m-\yw.
Cß-s\-bm-Ip∂p ]n∂sØ Cuc-Sn. ChnsS `mc-Xo-bX F∂ F∂m-tem, AXv B A¿∞-Øn¬Ø-
{]ÿm-\-Ønse bph-
"`mhw' F∂p Rm≥ hm°p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp Icp-X-tem-sS-Ø-s∂. s∂- b mtWm FSp- t °- ≠ Xv F∂v ,
{]- X n- ` - I sf ]q¿W-
AXp tIhew `mh-am-bn-cp-∂p, {]`m-j-I-bpsS hnZ-Kv[-amb {]I-S- ]n∂mse {]h¿Øn-°p∂ he-b-Øn-
ambpw t{]m÷z- e -
\w-˛-F∂ hnh-£-IqSn D≈n-se-hn-sStbm kv^pcn-°p-∂p-≠m-hmw. \-IsØ Ipkr-Xn-IqSn sh®p-thWw
ambpw ]n≥Xm- ß p- ∂ -
F¥m-bm-epw, sshtem∏n≈n-bpsS `mc-Xo-b-Xbmbn CXp hmbns®- hymI- c n- ° m≥. B Ipkr- X n- b psS
Xnepw HXp- ß p- ∂ n- √ .
Sp-°p-∂Xp kq£n-®p-th-Ww. ""tIc-f-Øn≥ apJ-ØqsS XpSn°- hmKvcq]w Cßs\:
]ns∂- t bm, hgntb
bmbv `mc-X-kw-kvIm-caw-K-e-hm-Wn-bn¬'' F∂ Cuc-Sn-bn-ep-a-sX, ""tbmK-Z-tfi-¥p∂p t]cm-ep-t]m-
sshtem- ∏ n≈n°hn- X -
\nKq-V-ambn Ahn-izm-k-Øns‚ kzcw kv^pcn-°p-∂nt√ F∂p epao
bn¬ hnI- k n- ° m- \ n- c n-
kq£n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. As√-¶n-epw, Ihn-X-bnse Nne {]kvXm- tbmKn-am¿\m´n¬ X] p sNbvXo
°p∂ Hcp hnXm-\-ap-≠v-
h-߃°v {]I-S-amb A¿∞-a√, A¥xkzc-Øn-eqsS \n¿[-cn-°- Sp-hm≥;
˛- t h- s dmcp t]cns‚
s∏-Sp∂ \neo-\-amb A¿∞-amWv \n¿Wm-bIw F∂p hcm-a-t√m. Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿ aXn-e-I-Øp-≠mb
A`m- h - Ø n¬ Bflo-
AXn-\m¬, H‰ {]kvXm-h-Øn¬ Du∂n EPp-hmbn Dd-∏n-s®-Sp-°m- ]pØn- e - ™ n°pw Xpf- k n- X ≥
bX F∂p hnfn-°mw.
hp-∂-X-√-Xs∂ Ihn-bpsS \ne-]m-Sv. XqaWw!''
{ioa-Xn-bpsS {]kw-K-Øns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃°p \o°n-sh-®n- B›-cy-Nn-”-Øneh-km-\n-°p∂
8 9
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Cu A\p-_‘ - Ø- ns‚ B¥-ca - mb s]mcpƒ hymJym-\n-°p-∂n-√.
Hcp G‰p-]d - ®
- n¬ GXm-bmepw Hgn-hm-°pI hø: "sIm®p-koX'bn¬
Hcp {]I-c-W-ap-≠-t√m, B¿j`qhns‚ aln-a-bn¬ h≈-tØmƒ
]pfIw sIm≈p∂ B {]I-cW - Ø - n\v am[hvPn lmkym-\p-Ic- Ww
Na®p; AXnse ""tXhn-Sns®∏nepw Nmcn-{X-Ip-¶p-aw, πmhns‚
tamfnepw tNm´nepw N°-Iƒ!'' F∂ {]l¿jw Rm\n-hnsS Hm¿Øp-
t]m-bn. Cu Hm¿Ω-bv°m-h-s´, tIhew hrØ-Øns‚ kmZr-iy-
Øn¬°-hn™ kmwK-Xy-ap-s≠∂p hniz-kn-°s - ´.
XpS¿∂v {ioa-Xn-bpsS {]`m-j-W-Øn¬ {i≤ tI{µo-I-cn-°m≥
X\n°p km[n-°m-Ø-hn[w Hcp kwK-Xn-bp-≠mbn: Ggbpw £p{Z-
bp-amb GtXm Xan-g-°n-Sm-Øn-bmƒ ap‰Øv s]mSp-∂s\ FØn-
s∏-´p. ("X-W¬ho-Yn-bn¬ as‰m-cnfw \ng¬t]mse' F∂v Cu In-
Sm-Ønsb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXv {]kn-≤-amb "IS¬°m-°I'fn¬
]n∂oSp hnI-kn∏n°p∂ "\ng-ep-IƒtXmdpw \ng¬t]mse' F∂-
Xns‚ ]q¿h-cq-]-ambn hnNm-cn-°mw.) "Iodn-b-gp-°m¿∂ N´-bn¬
sNºn-®p-]m-dnb ssIinIw tNcp-am-s∏¨sImSn', sXm´-SpØv Icn-
sam-´p-ap-J-Ønse Zr„n-Iƒ {]`m-j-I-bn¬ A¿∏n®p\nev]mbn.
X\n°p ]cn-Nn-X-bmWv, "{]mIr-X-sØm-≠p-t]m-ep≈' B sIm®p-
Ip-am-cn. \new-s]m-Ønb hmI-°m-bvI-sf-SpØp sImdn-°m≥, sRcn-
™n¬ s]dp- ° m≥, NmWIw FSp- ° m≥- ˛ - F - √ m- a m- b n, Ahƒ
"ssa\-Iƒt]mepw ]d-°mØ shbveØv' \ntXy\ FØm-dp-≠-
t√m. tlmÃ-ens‚ ]mgv]pdw Nmh-Sn-Øn-Æ-bn¬, Iq´cmw sX-≠n-
I-sfmØv cm{Xn ASp∏p ]pI-bv°pw˛ F√n≥Xpt≠m Xmhtem
No™ X°m-fntbm h√Xpw thhn-°m≥. CSbv°v Ah¿ ]mSepw
]Xn-hm-Wv˛ GIm-¥-th-f-bn¬ a\- ns‚ tImS-c-Øn-¶¬\n∂v thZ-
\-bm¬ \o≠p-b-cp∂ B ]m´v Ncm-N-c-tN-X-\sb sImØn-Ø-
f¿Øm-dp≈Xmbt{X A\p-`-hw. {]`m-j-Isb AIm-c-W-amb
IuXp-Iw-sIm≠v D‰p-t\m-°p∂p F∂-√m-sX, Cu ]mhw F¥p
an≠m≥! Ah-fpsS au\-Øns‚ ASn-bn-se-¥mhmw F∂v Ihn
Btem-N-\-bn-em-gp∂p: ""A¤pXw? Pn⁄mk? sXs√m-c-kqb?
sbmc-kv^pS {]Xymi? b√ \ncm-iX?''H∂pw Dd-∏n√; I√p-t]mse
IÆv "\n›-e-kvtXm`'amtb \n∂p.
GtXm Nncn Db¿∂p. {ioa-Xn-bpsS "at\m-l-tcm-Zm-c-amb' {]`m-
j-W-tØmSv Btcm {]Xn-I-cn-®X -- m-hmw. X\n°p ]t£ ]ns∂
AXn¬ ImXp tI{µo-I-cn-°m≥ ]‰m-Xm-bn. Xm≥ tIƒ°p-∂Xv
B "tIh-e-_m-e-X≥ au\-{]-`m-jWw' am{X-am-bn. ]nev°m-eØv
1970 t\mS-SpØv ]nd∂ "CØncn am{Xw c‡w' ChnsS kam-¥-c-
ambn kvacn-®p-t]m-hp∂p: ]´mºn-bn¬ kmln-Xy-k-anXn ktΩfn®n-
cn-°-bmWv; AhnsS t\cw sshIn FØn-b-Xns‚ ImcWw Hcp
10
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Ihn (hnjvWp \mcm-b-W≥\-ºq-Xncn F∂v ASn-°p-dn∏p-≠v) shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øn˛ sNdp-∏-°m-c-s\m-cmƒ h≠n°p Xe-sh®p NØp. Cbm-
fpsS A‰ Igp-Øn¬\n∂p CØncn tNmctb Hen-®p≈q F∂-Xm-
bn-cp∂p Ihn-bpsS A-¤p-Xw. CXv sshtem-∏n-≈nsb h√msX A-
e-´n. ]ns∂ kZ- n-en-cp∂v "tNse-gp-a-\p-„p∏pw tIIbpw tIƒ°p-
tºmƒ', tNX\ a{¥n-®Xv "CØncn am{Xw c‡w!' F∂m-bn-cp-
∂p. Cu eLp-I-hn-X-bn¬ "]pg-bps≠∂m¬ \Sp-th-\-en¬ sh≈w
In´m-Xp-gepw ]´mºn' Fs∂mcp _nw_w BZyta hn\y-kn-®n-
cn°p∂p. Ah-km-\-tam, "\Zn-bp-s≠-∂m¬ sh≈w In´mØ \mSv'
F∂v AXp hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. hcƒ®-bn-tebv°p
Ipfncp Npc-Øp-I˛ AXm-hW - at√m Ihn-Xb - psS ASn-ÿm-\[ - ¿Ωw.
sshtem-∏n-≈nsb ]ptcm-K-a-\-{]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ AWn-tN¿°p-∂Xv
Cu Ak-µn-Kv[-amb [¿Ω-t_m-[w-X-s∂. CXv s]s´∂v DW¿Øm-
\p≈ \nan-Ø-am-hpI F∂-Xt{X "]´n-Wn-∏m-´pIm'cpsS inev]-
Øn¬ B ]mh-s∏´ s]¨Ip´n°p≈ \ntbm-Kw. Ah-fpsS \n»-
_vZX Db¿∂n-c-º-th, X\n°p tXm∂p-∂p, {]`m-j-I-bn-tebv°v
Hcp Nq≠p-hn-c¬ \ofp-∂-Xmbn. "\n߃ {]Xn-Iq-´n¬ \nev]-Xp-
t]m-se-bmbv' F∂v Ihn-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ. \nK-a\w kzcq-]n-°m≥
am{Xw sX-fn-hp-Iƒ kp]-co-£n-X-am-bn-´n-√; F∂mepw ChnsS
Ahsc Dt±-in®v "\n߃' F∂p-Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv tkmt±-iy-
am-hmw. a[y-a-]p-cp-j-k¿h-\m-a-ß-fpsS s]cp∏w, Ihn-X-bnse
A¥-xkzcw A]-{K-Yn--°p-tºmƒ, ae-bmfn hmb-\-°m-c\p Ipg∏w
kr„n- t ®- b v ° mw. Cu Ihn- X - b n¬ {ioa- X n, `- h - X n, \n߃
Fs∂ms° -amdn amdn cq]w \n_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn\v AXmXp {]I-c-
W-ß-fn¬ kn-≤n-°m-hp∂ kqN\ kq£va-]-cn-tim-[\-bn-eqsS \nP-
s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v Ft∂ X¬°mew \nco-£n-°m≥ ]‰q.
C{]-Im-cw, Hcp ]´n-Wn-°p´n F∂ bmYm¿∞yw BtKm-f-bm-
{Xn-I-bpsS Bflo-b-X-bn¬\n∂v {i≤sb hymh¿Øn-∏n-°p∂p
F∂n-S-Øt{X Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Øn-cn-hv. B Xncnhv, ]ptcm-K-a-\-
{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n F∂v Xo¿®-s∏´ Xncn-®dnhntebv°v
Ihnsb \bn-°p-∂p.
""A{iaw \nß-fm-cm-bvI-bm-an-s∏mgpw
k®n-Zm-\-µ-k-\m-X-\-k-Øsb''
F∂m-Ip∂p \n¿Wm-b-I-amb A¥n-a-J-fin-I-bpsS Bcw-`-Ønse
Cuc-Sn. A{i-aw, Cs∏m-gpw-˛-c≠p hnti-j-W-Øn-ep-ap-≠t√m hnK-
Wn-°-cp-XmØ Du∂¬. In´pw F-∂p-d-∏n-√mØ GtXm tIh-e-X-
sb-bmWv Bcm-bp-∂Xv F∂v, {Inb-bpsS XpS¿®sb tZymXn-∏n-
°p∂ {]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS [z\n-∏n-°p-∂nt√? AØ-c-sam-∂n-t\mSv
Ct∏mƒ Xm≥ DZm-ko-\-\m-Ip-∂p. Cu DZm-ko-\X Hcp ÿncw
11
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
\ne-b√; X¬°mew kzoI-cn-°msX \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØ Hcp ap≥K-
W\ F∂p thW-sa-¶n¬ \nco-£n-°mw. F¥m-bmepw AXv D]-
lmkw A¿ln-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv apJyw. A-Xn-\m¬ Ihn-bpsS
\nesb {]`m-jI Aßs\ \nc-knt®-bv°m-\p≈ km[y-Xsb
"lm' F∂ hymt£-]-Iw-sIm-≠v sshtem-∏n≈n t\cn-Sp-∂p. D]-
lm-k-°m¿°v A∂v FSp-Øp-ho-im-\p≈ iImcw "]ptcm-Ka-\-
Øns‚ kmlnXn'F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. sshtem-∏n≈n CXp kw_-‘n®v
kz¥w a\ p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p: Xs∂ B ]Zw-sIm≠p iIm-cn-
°p-∂Xv Hcp "hn]-co-X-{]-iwk'tb Bhq. Fs¥-∂m¬ {]ÿm-\-
Øn¬ AWn-tN-cp∂ ]e-cp-sSbpw AN-©-eX F∂ A\p-{Klw
X\n-°n-√.
""BsI \ncp-≤≥, hn`-‡-a-\ p-Rm≥''
F∂t{X XpS¿∂p≈ Ip‰-k-Ω-Xw. sXm≠-bn¬ Ft¥m XS-bp-
∂-Xm-bn, a\ p c≠mbn ]nf-cp-∂-Xm-bn-˛-A-ß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-
Wt√m Xs‚ tXm∂¬. F¥¿∞w thWw Cu "\ncp-≤X'bv°pw
"hn`-‡-a-\-kvIX'bv°pw Iev]n-°m≥? hen-sbmcp lrZ-bm-epXzw
B Ccp-]Z- ß- f
- n-eqsS hm¿∂p-In-´p-∂Xv bYm-hn[n {i≤n-°s
- ∏-SmsX
t]mbnt√ F∂m-Ip∂p Fs‚ t]Sn. ]ptcm-K-a-\-{]-ÿm-\-Øn¬
AWn-tN-c-m-\p≈ hnk-Ω-Xtam thh-em-Xntbm H∂p-a√ \ncp-≤-X-
bp-sSbpw hn`-‡-a-\-kvI-X-bp-sSbpw hnh£ F∂p hy‡w. "D‰
ss]Xr-I-am-sbm-cn-∏mcv' Fs∂mcp hy]-tZiw sshtem-∏n≈n Dcp-
Øn-cn-®Xp ad-°-≠. B ]mcn¬ "H‰ am\p-j≥ amgvIn-Spw-Imew'
Xs‚ Dd°w sISpw. "\nXy-im-¥n-°mbv arXyp-hn≥ aSn ]qIn-bmepw'
D≠m-hn√ B \nebv°p am‰w F∂p kzcw \nP-s∏-Sp-Ønb
BfmWv At±lw (Ip-Sn-sbm-gn-°¬). AXp-sIm-≠v, \ncp-≤X - bv°pw
hn`-‡-a-\-kvI-Xbv°pw ]ptcm-K-a-\-{]-ÿm-\-tØm-Sp≈ hn{]-Xn-
]-Øn-b-√, thsd ImcWw tXSp-I-bmhpw \oXn. AXv, Rm≥ hnNm-
cn°p-∂p, {]ÿm\Øn\p th-≠n-bmbmepw IhnX shdpw ap{Zm-
hm-Iy-{]m-b-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-hn-´m¬ t]mcm F∂ \njv°¿j-X-s∂.
Ihn-X-bn¬ Bi-b-tØmfw t]ms´, AXn-te-sd-t∏mepw {][m-\-
amWv "A¿∞-I-¬]\' F∂p sshtem-∏n≈n hniz-kn-®p. X°-
Xmb _nw_ßfneq-sS, ]Z-ß-fn-eqsS Bibw k^-e-ambn kwh-
Zn-°m-\p≈ X{¥-Øn\v At±lw Ah-ew-_n® kmt¶-Xn-I-kw⁄
AXm-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Cu A¿∞-I-ev]\ HØp-In-´m-
Øn-S-tØmfw a\- n\v A\p-`h-s∏-Sp∂ henhpw kwL¿jhpw
Hs°-bmhmw \ncp-≤-X, hn`-‡-am-\-kvIX F∂n-h-sIm≠v Dt±-in-
°p-∂Xv F∂v AXns‚ hymJym\w HXp-°-s´. AXm-b-Xv, {]ÿm-
\-tØmSp am{Xw t]mcm Ihn-X-tbmSpw \oXn ]pe¿ØWw F∂
t_m[w, ]ecpw {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]n≥_ew t\Sm≥ \njv{]-
12
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
bmkw IhnX ]S-®n-cp∂ Hcp Ncn-{X-k-µ¿`-Øn¬t∏m-epw, {]£o-
W-am-hm≥ sshtem-∏n≈n kΩ-Xn-®n√. {]kn-≤-amb "B mw ]Wn-
°m¿' D≠-t√m, AXns‚ {]Y-a-Jfiw cNn-°m≥ Hcp-]s£
{]ÿm-\-°qdp am{Xw aXn F∂p-h-cmw. F∂m¬ Zzn-Xob Jfiw
DZn-°m≥ IhnX F∂ {]nb-cq-]-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-X,
AXp-hgn ]Iz-am-hp∂ temI-t_m-[-tØm-Sp≈ {]oXn apX-embn
Nne-Xp-IqSn thWw. ChnsS Hcp DZm-l-c-Ww Hm¿Øp Ft∂ D≈q;
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS GXp {]i-kvX-c-N-\-tbmSv CW-°nbpw Cu
s]mcpfpw ka¿∞n-°m≥ km[n-°pw.
Ccn-°s´; "]´n-Wn-∏m-´pIm'cn¬ tijn-°p∂ GXm\pw ]w‡n-
I-fn-tebv°v ho≠pw {i≤ Xncn-°mw. Xs∂ Hgn-hm-°n-bm-epw,
"]ptcm-K-a-\-Øns‚ kmlnXn'°v Dujva-f-amb ]n≥XpW \evIp∂
Ipd-®p-t]¿ thsd-bp≠v F∂ kwK-Xn-bn¬ sshtem-∏n-≈n°p
kwi-bta C√. "]´n-Wn-∏m-´pIm¿' F∂ ]gn-t∏-cn-emhpw Chn-SsØ
{ioa-Xn-sb-t∏m-ep≈ ]Z-hn-°m¿ AØ-c-°msc ]cm-a¿in-°p-I.
t]cv Ft¥m Bh-s´, "Ah-cn¬ Nne ]£n-Iƒ C∂m-´n-ep≠v'
F∂v sshtem-∏n≈n {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. ]n∂mse "NnSp-ßp-Iƒ' F∂v
B ]£n-Iƒs°mcp hnti-jWw tN¿Øp-Im-Wp-∂-Xt{X IuXp-
I-I-cw. Btcm-SmtWm X\n°p hm’eyw In\n-bp-∂-Xv, Aß-s\-
bp≈ Cf-ap-d-°msc Dt±-in®v CØcw Infn-¥p-hm-°p-Iƒ sshtem-
∏n≈n a‰p kµ-¿-`-ß-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn®p ImWmw. hm’-ey-Øns‚
km£y-amb B hm°p-Xs∂ ChnsS ÿm\-s∏-Sp-∂Xv km¿∞-
I-a-t{X. k]vX-Xn-∏-Xn-∏nse ]mT-Øn¬ Cu "NnSp-ßpI'fpsS t]cp-
Iƒ ASn-°p-dn-∏mbn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xpw a\- n-cp-Øm-hp-∂-
XmWv. hb-em¿, ]n. `mkvI-c≥, H.-F≥.-hn., ]p\-eq¿, Xncp-\-√q¿˛
Cu As©-Æ-amWv G´n¬ ]Xn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp ]t£ ]pXp-
t»cn cma-N-{µ-t‚tXm G‰p-am-\q¿ tkma-Zm-k-t‚tXm at‰m Bbn
Nne-Xp-IqSn CW-°n-bm¬ ]´nI ]q¿Øn-bm-hp∂p F∂-Xn\v Ncn-
{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\y-ap≠-t√m.
Cu NnSp-ßp-Isf alm-{]-`m-j-I-tbmSv CS-X-´n-®p-sIm≠v C\n
hcp∂ Cuc-Sn-I-fn-et{X Cf-ap-d-°m-tcmSv sshtem-∏n-≈n-°p≈
XmZmflyw Xmf-s∏-Sp--∂Xv.
""temI-k-©m-c-kw-kvIm-c-a-h¿°n-√,
]mI-X-bn-√, ]Tn-∏p-an-s√-¶n-epw,
[uX-am-[ym-fln-I-irw-Kta t\m°msX
`uXn-I-km-\p-hn¬Øm-\-h-sc-¶n-epw,
A-Ø-an-g-s∏¨In-Sm-hn-s\-t∏m-ep≈
hnkv-XrX `qhn-se-t°m-Sm-\p-tIm-Sn-bn¬˛
\n∂p-ap-b-cp∂ aqI-hn-em-]w, \n˛
13
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 c¥-c-a-{µ-{ipXn hf¿Øo-S-th,
B {ipXn-sbm-∏n®p ]mSp-ao-s°m-®¿°p
k]vX-k-ap-{Z-߃ Xmfw ]nSn-°-bmw.''
{]ÿm-\-tØmSv F∂-√, {]-Ir-Xn-tbmSpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-´p-sIm-
≠mWv Ch-cpsS Bem]w F∂ A`n-\-µ\w t]mse-Øs∂ {][m-
\-a-t{X, Chsc "sIm®¿' F∂p hy]-tZ-in-®-Xnse AXn-kvt\-l-
hpw. ]p-tcm-K-a-\-{]-ÿm-\-Ønse BZy-Ime {]Xn-`-Iƒ°v C{X
AI-a-gn™ A`n-\-µ\w thdmcpw \ΩpsS kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-Øn¬
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´p-s≠∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√.
Bflo-b-Xsb Xmtem-en-°m≥ Cu "sIm®¿'°v CS-In-´n-bn-cn-
°-bn-√. F¶n-se-¥v, a\p-jy-k-a-Xz-Øn-\m-bp≈ A¿∏-Ww, B
kaXzw ]pjv]nt®bv°m-hp∂ `mhnsb w_-‘n® Bth-iw-˛-
F√mw Bflo-b-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-ß-fmbn FSp-°-cptX? F∂n-cn-
°, Bflo-bX Ch-cn-tebv°v Cd-ßn-sb-Øn-t°mfpw F∂ ZrV-
am-b, Zo]vXamb, hnizmkw sshtem-∏n≈n hnfw-_cw sNøp∂p: Noho-Sp-I-fpsS ]m´v
""`qapJw X¬∏m-´n-\m¬ ]cn-h¿Ø-\˛
Imap-I-ambv ]pXp-tim-Wna ]qWth tUm. sI.-]n.-tam-l\
- ≥
X≥X-e,-bm-flm-`n-am-\-Øn-\m¬, hnb˛
Z¥-ap-cp-Ω-th, Rm≥ \ncq-]n-°bmw:
GIm¥ k¬°-em-tk-hI¿°pw km[y˛ ""am\-h-{]-iv\-߃X≥ a¿Ω-tIm-h-Z-∑mtc
amImØ amXncn X≥h-gnØmc-bn¬ Rms\mcp shdpw kuµ-cym-flI Ihn-am{Xw''
`mkz-camw Znhy-temIw Xpd-°p-∂n˛ Fs∂-gp-Xp-tºmƒ AXn-\p-]n-∂n¬ hn\-btam hn]-
Xoiz-c≥ apØp∂p X≥an-gn-Øm-c-bn¬!'' co-X-e-£-Wtam? hn]-co-X-e-£-Ww-Xs∂ F∂p-
Hcp hncp-≤-ho-Nn-s°-Xnsc ]p\x]cn-tim[n®v ]ptcm-K-a-\-km- Xs∂ Rm≥ hniz-knbv-°p∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬
lnXyw F∂ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ HXp- Fgp-]X - p-If
- n¬ tImgn-t°m-´p-sh-®p-\S- ∂ tZim-`n-am\n
ßp-∂n√ "]´n-Wn-∏m-´pIm'cpsS {]m[m-\yw. {]ÿm-\-Ønse bph- ÃUn k¿°n-fns‚ Hcp ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ C.-Fw.-
{]-Xn-`-Isf ]q¿W-ambpw t{]m÷z-e-ambpw ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂-Xnepw F-kv. \ºq-Xncn∏mSn-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ {]apJ cmjv{So-
HXp-ßp-∂n-√. ]ns∂-tbm, hgntb sshtem-∏n≈n°hn-X-bn¬ hnI-
kn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂ Hcp hnXm-\a- p-≠v˛- t- h-sdmcp t]cns‚ A`m-hØ
- n¬
Rm\-Xns\ Bflo-bX F∂p hnfn-°-s´. Bcm-[-\m-a-btam A\p- Ct∏mƒ hnπ-hw, h¿K-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bvs°-√m-ap-
jvTm-\-]-ctam H∂p-a-√m-Ø, a\p-jys‚ alm-]-cn-WXn F∂p hnti- ]-cn-bmbn kzXz-{]-iv\-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy≥ apßn-°n-S-°p-
jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂, Hcp-Xcw Bflo-b-X. AXns‚ {]mtbW BZysØ tºmƒ \ΩpsS ]gb ]mhw Ihn-I-fpsS a\- p-Isf
AS-bm-f-am-bn-°m-Wmw aYn® b£-{]-iv\-߃s°ms° F¥p-{]-k‡n! AXp-
""`mkz-camw Znhy-temIw Xpd-°p-∂n˛ sIm≠p IpSn- s bm- g n- b v ° ¬t]m- e p≈ Ihn- X Iƒ
Xoiz-c≥ apØp∂p X≥an-gn-Øm-c-bn¬'' Db¿Øp∂ DXv°W - vTI
- ƒ ]pXp-hm-b
- \- °
- v \nan-Øa
- mIpw
F∂, as‰m-cmƒ Fgp-Xm≥ CS-bn-√m-Ø, hmIyw. Ihn-bpsS Cu F∂v {]Xo-£n-bv°m-Xn-cn-bv°p-∂-XmIpw \√-Xv. kuµ-
{]Xo-£-tbmSp \oXn-sN-bvXpthm ]n∂sØ ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy- cym-fl-I-I-hn-Iƒ am\-h-{]-iv\-ß-fpsS a¿Ωw At\z-jn-
{]-ÿm\w F∂Xv Fs‚ hnj-b-a-√. AXv B {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ bv°p-∂-sX-ßns\ F∂v IqSp-X¬ Xmev]-cy-]q¿∆w
{]h¿Ø-I¿°p hnSp-∂p. {i≤n-bvt°≠ Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv \mw C∂p-≈-Xv.
14 15
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
b- { ]- h ¿Ø- I - c psS km∂n- ≤ y- Ø n¬ sshtem- ∏ n≈n ]d™p:
""R߃ Ihn-Iƒ AS-°-ap≈ kmwkvIm-cn-I-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ \n߃
cmjv{So-b-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ k©-cn-bv°p∂ ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ ]mX-bn¬
\n߃°p-apt∂ k©-cn-bv°p∂hcm-Wv. kaq-l-]-cn-Wm-a-Øn\p
{]Xn-_-‘-ambn \nev°p∂ Iq‰≥ ]md-°-√p-I-fn¬ R߃ Rß-
fpsS I-ønse C-cp-ºp-Iq-Sw-sIm≠v B™-Sn-®n-´p-≠v. ]ndsI hcp∂
\n߃ hgn--am-‰n-bn-Sp∂ I√p-I-fpsS D≈p s]mSn-™n-cn-bv°p-∂Xv
A°m-c-W-Øm-em-Wv.''kwkvIm-cn-I-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚ ZuXyhpw A`n-
i-]vX-Xbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ hm°p-I-fmWv CXv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬
am\-h-{]-iv\-ß-fpsS a¿Ωw BcmWv BZyw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv? Adn-
bp-tºmƒ Øs∂ B {]iv\ß-fnse B[n-`u-Xn-I-߃ am-{X-a√
B[n- B - fl n- I ߃ IqSn Xncn- ® - d n- ™ p- s Im≠v {]iv \ - ß sf
ka{KX-bn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv BcmWv? B[n-`u-Xn-I-߃°v
]cn-lmcw Im-Wm-\p≈ hy{K-X-bn¬ B≤ym-fln-I-߃°v ]cn-
lmcw \n¿t±-in-bv°m≥ cmjv{So-b-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°v Ign-bmsX
t]mIp∂pt≠m? AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ "CØn-cn-h´w am{Xw ImWp∂-
hcpw CØncn Zqcw am{Xw Nn¥n-bv°p∂hcp-ambn' Ah¿ Npcp-ßn-
t∏m-Ip∂pt≠m? h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn\p cpNn-bv°mØ A\m-K-X-
amb Ime-Øns‚ tNm-Zy-ß-fpsS t\sc Ah¿ Ak-ln-jvWp-°fm-
bn-Øo-cp-∂pt≠m? At±-l-Øn\p cp-Nn-bv°mØ tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-
bv ° p∂ Xß- f psS ]m´pIƒ I¿Æ- i q- e - a mb Noho- S p- I - f psS
]m´mbn amdp- ∂ pt≠m? Ihn- I - f psS ZuXyw Ime- Ø n- \ - ∏ pdw
ImWpI F∂Xpw Ime-Øn\p cpNn-°mØ tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-
bv°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmW.v BZy-tØXv Xs‚
ZuXy-am-sW∂pw c≠m-a-tØXv Xs‚ h¿K-Øns‚ A`n-im-]-am-
sW∂pw F√m \√ Ihn-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. kzÿnX≥ adp-
]pdw X∏p∂ Hcp kuh¿W-{]-Xn-]-£Øns‚ AkpJ-I-c-amb
ÿm\-amWv Xs‚sX∂pw sshtem-∏n≈n Xncn-®-dn™p. Cu Xn-
cn-®-dn-hn¬\n-∂mWv {]Jym-X-ß-fmb sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hn-X-I-
sfms° cq]w sIm≠n-´p-≈-Xv. {]tXy--In®v "IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°¬'
F∂ alm-Im-hyw.
tIc-fw-t]mse IΩyq-WnÃv {]ÿm-\-Øn\v Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-
´-ap≈ aÆn¬ "IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°¬' (ssh-tem-∏n-≈n), _p≤\pw
Rm\pw \-cnbpw (C-S-t»-cn), Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-‰m-≠ns‚ CXn-lmkw
(A°nØw), h{P-Ip-fiew (F≥.-F≥.-I-°m-Sv) XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-
Iƒ Bg-Øn-ep≈ N¿-®-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-ImsX t]mbXv F¥p-
sIm-≠mWv? Hcp-]-s£, ""kwkvImcw Xs∂-bmWv km{am-PyXzw''
F∂ henb Xncn-®-dn-hn¬ Hcp aq-e-[-\-cq-]-amb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚
{]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw IqSp-X¬ Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]pXnb
16
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Ime-L-´-Ønepw Cu Ihn-X-Iƒ th≠ coXn-bn¬ Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-
SmsX t]mIp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv? Bt‚m-Wntbm {Kmwjnbpw
eqbn A¬Øqkdpw Hcp {]mtbm-KnI cm{„o-b-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚
t\Xm-hm-Im-ØXv F¥ps-Im-≠mWv? AYhm {]mtbm-KnI cmjv{So-
b- { ]- h ¿Ø\- Ø n- s ‚bpw kmwkv I m- c n- I - { ]- h ¿Ø- \ - Ø n- s ‚bpw
AXn¬h-c-ºvXs∂ GXmWv? Cu Ihn-X-I-tfmSp C∂pw \mw
ImWn-bv°p∂ Ah-KW - \ - tbm AYhm Aew-`m-htam CØ-cØ - n¬
\nc-h[n tNmZy-߃ Db¿Øp-∂p-≠v. Ign™ \q-‰m-≠ns‚ ap∏-
Xp- I - f nepw \mev ] - X p- I - f nepw lnwkm- l nw- k - I - f psS {]iv \ w
kmwkvIm-cnI cm{„o-bc - w-Kß - f- nse Hcp {]iv\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
F\nbv°p tXm∂p∂Xv Xm≥ hc® Alnw-kb - psS e£vaW - t- c-J-
bn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw Xf-®n-Ss∏Sm≥ Xøm-d√ - m-Xn-cp∂ C¥y-bnse sXm-
gn-emfn I¿j-IP - \- h- n-`m-Kß - ƒ A-Xn¿hn´p s]cp-am-dn-bt- ∏m-sgms°
ka-ca - p-dI
- ƒ ]n≥h-en® Km‘nPn lnwkm-lnw-kI - fpsS A-Xn¿h-
c-tºXv F∂ tNmZysØ°pdn®p Nn¥n-bv°m≥ \ΩpsS kmwkvIm-
cnIcmjv{So-b{- ]-h¿Ø-Isc t{]cn-∏n®p F∂m-Wv. C∂n-t∏mƒ hnπh-
{]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ°p-t]mepw hnπhw Hcp hnZq-c] - q¿∆-P∑ - ]
- p-\x-kvar-Xn-
bm-bX - p-sIm≠v \ap-°n-Øcw Xe-th-Z\ ]nSn® {]iv\ß - s- fm∂pw
{]iv\ta BbnØo-cp-∂n√. ]s£ _[n-c-I¿Æ-ß-fn-emWv hogp-
∂-sX-¶nepw Nnho-SpIƒ°v Xß-fpsS I¿Æ-iq-ea - mb ]m´p-Iƒ ]mSm-
Xn-cn-bv°m-\mh-n√ - t- √m.
IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°-ens‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ ""BInepw kzbw hmen-
\m¬°pØn-®m-Ip-a-°-cnw-tX-fn-s\-t∏mse'' amgvIp∂ Xs‚ Ic-fn-
s\-°p-dn®p Ihn ]d-bp∂p-≠v. hnπ-h-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°mƒ hnj-
a-Ic - a- s{X kzbwhna¿-i\ - w-˛A- \yt\mSp≈ t]mcm-´s - Ø-°mƒ I„-
as{X Ah-\-h-t\m-Sp≈ t]m-cm-´w. ]s£ kz¥w hmep-sIm≠v
kzbw IpØn-®m-Ip∂ Icn-t¥ƒ F∂ ""cq]IsØ'' apX-em-fnØw
A-Xns‚ B¥-cn-I-sshcp≤y-ß-sf-sIm-≠mWv A]-N-b-s∏-´pt]m-
Ip-∂-sX∂ {]Jym-X-amb am¿Ivkn-b≥ hmIy-hp-ambn tN¿Øp-
sh-®p--t\m-°q. AØcw Hcp B¥-cn-Is-- sh-cp≤yw sXmgn-emfn h¿K-
Øn-\-IØpw A]-N-b-Im-c-W-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-´p-Iq-sS-∂pt≠m?
""a¿±-I-\nWkzmZn-s\-tbm-¿°pw IØn-bmem-fl-lXy sNøm-sX,
`uXn-I-Xr-]vXn-X≥ a-≤y-ta-J-e-bn¬ ab-ßn-tahmsX'' apt∂m-´p-
t]m- t I- ≠ p∂ hnπ- h - { ]- ÿ m- \ - Ø n\v B¥- c n- I - s sh- c p- ≤ y-
Øn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Bbp-[-sa-¥mWv? Ah-\-h-t\m-Sp-
Xs∂ \nc-¥-c-ambn XpS-cp∂ B¥-cn-I-t]m-cm-´w-X-s∂. IpSn--sbm-
gn- b v ° ¬ samØ- Ø n¬ Hcp kzbw- \ ym- b o- I - c - W - Ø n- s ‚bpw
kzbw\ncm-k-Øns‚bpw \ng¬-˛-{]-Im-i-L-S-\-bn-ep≈ Hcp inev]-
ambn amdn-b-sX-¥p-sIm≠v F∂-Xns‚ DØcw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. Ib¿
17
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Xqßm\pw Du™m- e m- ° m\pw sIm≈mw F∂p- ] - d ™ Ihn-
Xs∂bmWv \nWkzmZns\tbm¿°p∂ IØn-sIm≠v sIm√m\pw
Bfl-l-Xy-sN-øm\pw Ignbpw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. "CS-Ø-c-°m-cs‚
{SmPUn' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-bv°-s∏´ IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°¬ sXmgn-em-
fn-h¿-Kh - n-πh
- {- ]-ÿm-\t- ØmSp ]d-bp-∂Xv ""`uXn-IX - r-]vXn-X≥ a≤y-
ta-J-e-bn¬ abßn-hog-cp-sX∂v'' Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]Øp-sk‚ v hf-
®p-sI´¬ ka-csØ A\p-{K-ln-s®-gp-Xnb ""ssa\m-I-irwKw'' F∂
Ihn-X-bn¬ Cu ]Øpsk-‚ n¬ \nß-fpsS hnπ-h-ho-cysØ Xf-
®n-S-cpXv F∂v CS-t»-cnbpw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. A\p-Zn\w Acm-jv{So-b-
h-Xv°-cn-bv°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-bv°p-Ibpw a≤y-h¿-K-h-Xv°-cn-bv°-s∏-
´p-sIm-≠n-cn-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-
h¿K-Øns‚ {SmP-Un-X-s∂-bt√ CS-Ø-c-°m-cs‚ {SmPUn F∂
tNmZyhpw Ct∏mƒ {]k‡ambn-Øo-cp-∂p-≠v. sXmgn-em-fn-h¿K-
Øns‚ \ne-\n-ev]n-\m-[m-c-amb Bfl-hn-a¿-i-\-Øns‚ alm-\m-Y-
bmb IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°¬ Ct∏mƒ Gsd {]k-‡-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv
C°m-cW-Øm-em-Wv. apX-em-fn-h¿K-Øns‚ A]-N-b-Øn\v B[m-
c-amb B¥-cn-I-sshcp≤y-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-aq-e-I-ß-sfms°
h¿K-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ sXm-gn-em-fn-h¿K-Øn-epap≈Xns\ adn-I-S-
°m≥ B h¿K-Øn\p e`n-bv°p∂ Gd-dhpw henb Bbp-[-sa∂
\ne-bn-emWv CØcw B¥-cn-I-kq£va-]-cn-tim-[-\-Isf ImWp-
∂-Xv.
A≥-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ "IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°-
en-'s‚bpw (ssh-tem-∏n-≈n) "_p≤\pw Rm\pw \cnbpw' F∂
eLp-I-hn-X-bp-sSbpw (C-S-t»-cn) BXy-¥n-I-amb {]tabw H∂p-X-
s∂. Znh-khpw IpSn-®p-h∂v Xs∂bpw Ipeo-\-amb IpSpw-_-
sØbpw sXdn]d-bp∂ I¿j-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS ieyw Hgn-hm-
°m≥ CSØc°m-c\ - mb P∑n KXy-¥c - a
- n-√msX Ahs\ IpSn-sbm-
gn-∏n-bv°pIXs∂ sNøp-∂p. ]s£ CS-{]-`p-Xz-Øn-\S- n-bnepw a\p-
jyXzw _m°n-\n-ev°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-bn¬ Xs∂-
Øs∂ h©n-bv°p∂ Hcp Ip-‰t- _m-[Ø - ns‚ Bfl-\nµ Abmƒ
A\p-`-hn-bv°p-∂p. Xm≥ IpSn-bn-d-°nb I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-bpw,
Xm≥ {]W-bn®p h©n® sXmgn-em-fn-h¿K I\y-Ibpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w
AWn-tN-cp∂ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p \nkz-P-\-hn-`m-K-ßfpw \bn-
bv°p∂ hnπ-ha - p-t∂-‰Ø - n¬ Ihnbpw Ihn-bpsS h¿-Khpw ASn™p
s]mSn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. B aÆn¬\n∂v CS-Øcw h¿K-Øns‚ {]Xn-
\n-[n-bmb Ihn-bpsS I¿Æ-iq-ea - mb Noho-Sns‚ ]m´v D-bc - p-∂p. hnπ-
h-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-Xsb AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sIm-≠pw, hnπ-hh - ¿K-Øns‚
[oc-Xsb DZm-Øh - X
- Iv c- n-®p-sIm-≠pw, At∏mgpw B hnπhw kvt\l-
kp-µc - ]
- m-Xb - n-eqsS a¿Øy-tem-Ia - l- na ]pe¿Øm≥ ]‰nb hn[-am-
18
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
b
- n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F∂p {]Xym-in-®p-sIm≠pw BWv Nnho-Sp-If - psS ]m´p-
b--cp-∂-Xv. Agn-bv°m≥ {ian-bv°pt-¥mdpw Ipcp-°p-Iƒ apdp-Ip∂
Alnw-kb - psS ]mX-tb-°mƒ H‰-sh-´n\v sI´p∂ lnwk-bpsS ]mX-
bn¬ IpSn-sbm-gnbv°¬ sXs‰m∂pw ImWp-∂n√.
"_p≤\pw Rm\pw \cnbpw' BZy¥w {]-Xn-cq-]m-fl-I-am-sW∂
Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°ta C√. A∏p-d-samcp _p≤\pw C∏p-d-samcp
\cnbpw \Sp-hn-semcp Rm\pw Bbn \nev°p∂ Cu Ihn-X-bn¬
]ecpw Icp-Xp-∂-t]mse Xe-s°-´nse hm°p-Iƒ°v ÿm\w am-
dm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw t]mep-an-√mØ coXn-bn¬ km{µ-amb Hcp
cN-\-bm-W-Xv. Npa-en-en-cn-bv°p∂ td-j-\-cn-°ngn Ign-bp-∂-thKw
ho´n-en-cn-bv°p∂ IpSpw-_n-\nbv°pw Ip´n--Iƒ°pw FØn-bv°m≥
ap∂n¬ c≠p-h-gn-Iƒ D≈ ]mh-s∏-´-hs‚ {SmP-Un-bmWv Cu Ihn-
X-bpw. cmP-]m-Xbpw Hcp Im´p-]m-Xb - pw. cmP-]m-Xb- n-eqsS t]mbm¬
Ccp-ImXw t]mIWw e£y--sa-Øm≥. Im´p-]m-X-bn-em-Is´ hngp-
ßm≥ \nev°p∂ \-cnbpw. hni-∏ns‚ kuµ-cy-imkv{Xw Adn-bm-
hp∂ {]hm-N-I-\mb _p≤s‚ {]Xn-a-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ASn-®p-sIm∂v
Acn-°ngn IpSpw-_-Øn--se-Øn-bv°p-∂-XmWv Ihn-X-bpsS {]ta-
bw.""CS-bp-t≈m¿ hmZn-∏n≥ e£yhpw am¿Khpw CS-dntbm
Rms\m∂p Xe-Nm-bv°-s´.'' F∂ \n w-K`mhØn¬ CS-t»-
cn- Xs‚ IhnX Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. \n w-K-sa∂p tXm∂m-sa-
¶nepw \ne\n-ev]n-\m-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ lnwk kzoImcyw Xs∂ F∂
\ne-]m-Sn-emWv CS-t»cn ˛ -A-Yhm lnwk-bn-t∑¬Øs∂-bm-Wv.
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS \ne-\nev]v F∂ k\m-X-\-kXyw At±lw ]e-]mSv
Bh¿Ønbv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠-t√m. BXy-¥n-I-ambn Htc
{]ta-bsØ B[m-c-am-°p∂ Cu c≠pI-hn-X-I-fn¬ H∂v Xmc-X-
tay\ BJym-\m-flI-hpw at‰Xv AXy¥w km{µhpw {]Xn-cq-]m-
fl-I-hp-amWv F∂ hyXym-khpw am{X-ta-bp-≈q.
am-\-h-{]-iv\-߃ X≥ a¿ΩtImhn-Z-∑m-cmb cmjv{So-b-{]-h¿Ø-
I-tcmSv {]iv\-߃ GIapJtam GI-am-\tam A√ \m\m-ap-Jh-
pw \m\m-am-\-hp-amWv F∂v kqNn-∏n-bv°p-I-bmWv Cu c≠p alm-
I-hn-I-fpw. kuµ-cym-fl-I-I-hn-Iƒ°v In\mhpImWp∂ sIm®p-I-
Æp-am-{X-a√ F∂ alm-k-Xyhpw Ah¿ Cu Ihn-X-I-fn-eqsS A\m-
h-cWw sNøp-∂p.
Bbn-cØ - n-sØm-≈m-bn-cØn Ccp-]X - p-If
- n¬ Km‘nPn C¥y≥
\mj-W¬ tIm¨{K- ns‚ t\XrXzw Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw C¥y-bnse
A≤zm-\n-bv°p∂ P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS ka-c-k-∂-≤-X-I-tfmSpw
tIm¨{Kkv sFIy-Zm¿Vyw {]Jym-]n-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Imew
apX¬ Bcw`nbv°p-∂-XmWv cm{„o-b-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-cw-K-ß-fnse
lnwkm-lnw-km {]iv\ß - s- f-s®m-√n-bp≈ N¿-®I - ƒ. am¿Ivkn-kØ - n-
19
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
t‚Xpw Km‘nk-Øn-t‚-Xp-amb c≠p apJy-[m-c-I-fn-eq-∂n-bp≈ kµ¿`-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂n√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-
cmjv{Sob-{]-h¿Ø\w \ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I-a-fi-esØ F{X ambn Hcp hnπh hncp-≤-\n-e-]m-SmWv B Jfi-Im-hy-Øns‚
AKm-[a - mbn kv]¿in-®n-cp∂p F∂v Bcw-`Ø - n¬Øs∂ kqNn-∏n® A¥xkØ F∂p ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Bim-iy-a-s√-¶nepw A-\n-
H´-\h - [n Ihn-XI - ƒ hnfn-®d - n-bn-°p-∂p-≠.v ASn-ÿm\]c-ambn C¥y- hm-cy-hp-amWv hnπhw F∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ Du∂p∂ IpSn-sbm-gn-
bnse am¿Ivkn-kØ - n\v Km‘n-kh - p-ambn km¿∞-Ia - mb kwhm-Z- bv ° - e n¬\nt∂m _p≤\pw Rm\pw \cnbpw F∂ Ihn- X -
ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-tS-≠n-hcpw F∂p-Xs - ∂-bmWv Cu Ihn-XI - s- f√mw bn¬\nt∂m hyXy-kvX-amWv A°n-Ø-Øns‚ Jfi-ImhyØns‚
\tΩmSv Bh¿Øn-bv°p-∂Xv. AXp-sIm≠v IpSn-sbmgnbv°¬ AS- kzcw.
°-ap≈ Ihn-XI - ƒ CS-Øc - °- m-cs‚ {SmPUn am{Xa√ Bhn-jv°- Ct∏mƒ hnπ-hw, h¿K-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bvs°-√m-ap-]-cn-
cn-°p-∂Xv. aqey-kw-ip-≤a - m-tI-≠p∂ hnπ-hØ - ns‚ ]mX-bn¬ a\p- bmbn kzXz-{]-iv\-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy≥ apßn-°n-S-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS
jy≥ t\cntS-≠n-hc - p∂ b£-{]-i\ v ß- ƒ IqSn-bmWv. AhnsS BZyw ]gb ]mhw Ihn- I - f psS a\-   p- I sf aYn® b£- { ]- i v \ -
a\- n-em-t°≠-p∂ kXyw. ߃s°ms° F¥p- { ]- k ‡n! AXp- s Im≠p IpSn- s bm- g n-
""t]mcp-an-Øncn saøn\v bv°¬t]m-ep≈ Ihn-XIƒ Db¿Øp∂ DXv°-WvT-Iƒ ]pXp-hm-
k¿hw t]mc am\p-jk - Ø ]pe¿Øm≥'' F∂ henb kXy- b
- \
- °
- v \nan-Øa
- mIpw F∂v {]Xo-£n-bv°m-Xn-cn-bv°p-∂X
- mIpw \√-
am-Wv. ]s£ saøn-\m-hi - y-amb B CØncn Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xta Xv. kuµ-cym-fl-I-I-hn-Iƒ am\-h-{]-iv\-ß-fpsS a¿Ωw At\z-jn-
am\p-jk - Ø ]pe¿Øm-\m-hi - y-amb am\-knI Hu∂Xyw t\Sn-sb- bv°p-∂-sX-ßns\ F∂v IqSp-X¬ Xmev]-cy-]q¿∆w {i≤n-bvt°≠
Sp-°m≥ Ignbq F∂ henb kXyhpw IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°¬ t]mep≈ Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv \mw C∂p-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v BJym-\-ßfpw
Ihn-XI - ƒ Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂p. Aßns\ BtI≠-Xm-Wv. ]s£ Aßns\ BIp-∂n√ F∂-
"IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°e - n'\pw "_p≤\pw Rm\pw \cnbpw' F∂ Ihn- XmWv \ΩpsS \n¿`m-Kyw. Noho-Sp-Iƒ I¿Æ-iq-e-ambn ]mSn-s°m-
Xbv°pw BXy-¥n-I-ambn Htc {]ta-b-L-S\ Xs∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ t≠-bn-cn-bv°s´ F∂p am{X-amWv C-Ø-c-sam-c-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-∂p-
IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°¬ F¥n-\mWv Cßs\ hnh-cW - m-flI - hpw BJym- sIm≠v \ap°v Biw-kn-bv°m≥ D≈-Xv.
\m-flI - h - p-amb Hcp inev]L - S- \ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv? Hcp eLp-Ih - n-
X-bn¬ s]s´∂p ]d™p-t]m-Im-hp∂ lnwkm-lnw-kI - s
- fs®m-√n-
bp≈ B¥cn-Ik - w-L¿jw am{X-a√ IpSn-sbm-gn-bv°e - ns‚ {]iv\w.
lnwk-bpsS hgn kzoI-cn-bv°ptºmƒØs∂ Hcp a\ v A`n-ap-Jo-
I-cn-bv°p∂ B¥-cn-Ik - w-L¿j-߃ (Iayp-hns‚ ""The Just'' (Zn
PÃv) F∂ \mS-IØ - nepw a‰pw Ah-Xc - n-∏n-bv°p-∂X- p-t]m-se) B
sIm®p-Im-hy-Øns‚ hnj-ba - m-Wv. hnπ-hsØ BZyw AXn-\I - Ø
- p-
\n∂v H‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂Xv a\- ns‚ AXn-tem-ea - mb B¿{Z-Xb - mWv.
""BZy-ap-≈n¬ \ns∂m-‰n-s°m-Sp-Ømƒ
B¿{Z-X-!˛-R-߃ Bbp[w sh®p''
AXp-t]mse hnπ-h-Ønepw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn ]men-bv°-s∏-
tS≠ a¿Øy-ip-≤n˛ A\n-hm-cy-ambn h-cp∂ Bbp-[t- ∏m-cm-´Ø - nepw
Ahiyw ]men-bvt°≠ a¿Øy-ip-≤n-˛-AXpw IpSn-sbmgn°-ens‚
B¥-cn-I-]m-T-am-Wv. Cu B¿{Z-Xbpw a¿Øy-ip-≤n-bp-am-Is´ \n¿±-
bhpw Hc-f-hp-hsc {Iqc-hp-amb B¥-cn-Im-]-{K-Y-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw
am{Xw ssIh-cp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ""s\©p-Iodn Rm≥
t\-cns\-°m´mw'' F∂v IpSn-sbmgn°-en\v Bh¿Øn-bvt°≠-nhcp-
∂-Xv. ""Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-‰m≠-ns‚ CXn-lmkw'' CØ-c-samcp ]›m-
Ø-e-Øn¬ ]cnt-im[n-bvt°≠X√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ AXn-tebv°v Cu
20 21
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 \-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpØn ]pXnb kaql krjvSn°p hgn-
sbm-cp-°m≥ sshtem-∏n≈n Xs‚ k¿Km-fl-Itijn {]tbm-P-\-
s∏-Sp-Øn. sshtem-∏n-≈n-°h - n-Xsb "Im®n-°dp-°n-bI - h
- nX' F∂v
Fw.-F≥ hnP-b≥ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v A¿Y-hym]vXn
Gsd-bp-≠v. Xm≥]-d-bp∂ Npcpßnb hm°p-I-fn¬ Bhp-∂{X
IhnX Dƒs°m-≈n°pI˛F∂ cN-\m-X{¥w Ihn°v kzmbØw.
AtX-ka - bw ÿqe-Øn-e√ - ; Pohn-XØ - ns‚ kp£-vamw-iß - f- n-emWv
Ihn- b psS a\ v Du∂p- ∂ - X v . _mly- X e kv ] ¿in- b mb
kmlnXyw˛IhnX˛ "{io' °v A\y-am-Ip-∂p.
Nߺp-g° - hnX ae-bm-fØ - n¬ Imev]\nI hk¥w hncn-bn®
Ime-ØmWv sshtem-∏n-≈nbpw Ihn-X-bn¬ kPo-h-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
A∂sØ bph-I-hn-Iƒ s]mXpth Nß-ºp-g-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-
fm-bt- ∏mƒ sshtem-∏n≈n Xt‚Xmb Imhy-{]-]©w krjvSn-°p-
I-bm-bn-cp∂p. a\pjyPohnX-Øn¬ thcpI-fmgvØn hniz-amsI
sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hnX ]S¿∂p \nevt°≠ Imhy-{]-]© - w. am\hnIX-bpsS kwt{]-jW - -
ka-Im-e-{]-k‡n Øn-eqsS ]pXp-bp-K∏ - n-dh
- n°p t\XrXzw \evIp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p, Ihn.
kn≤m¥h¬I-cn®X√- I-hnbpsS PohnXw. ]t£ B Pohn-X-
s{]m^. Fcp-taen ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n≈ Øn\v BZyw apXevt° \nkz-h¿K-tØmSpw sXmgn-em-fn-h¿K-
tØmSpw {]tXyI Nmbvhv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hy‡n ZpxJ-ßfpw kmaq-
lnI {]iv\ß - fpw Ihnsb Ae´n. ImenI {]iv\ß - ƒ°p t\sc
Ime-Øns‚ hnfn Dƒ°-Æp- sIm-≠d - n™ Imhy- apJw Xncn®v \nev°m\pw At±lw Xøm-dm-bn√. h≈-tØm-fns\
a-\- mWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bp-tS-Xv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X- Imhy-Kp-cp-hmbn a\- n¬ {]Xn-jvTn-s®-¶nepw kzmX{¥y ka-c-
Øns‚ B¥-cnI `mh-Xe - ß- ƒ Bhp-∂{X i‡n- Øns‚ IÆn-bm-Im≥ sshtem-∏n-≈n -{i-an-®n-√. AtX-k-abw
tbmsS, hnImcXo£vW - X- t- bmsS DZvKm\w sNbvX - tZiob ka-cØ - ns‚ hnπ-hh - ocyw At±-lsØ kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw
Ihn AXy¥w am\-hn-I-amb \h-bp-K-kw-kvIm-c- sNbvXp. bp≤-sØbpw km{am-Py-XzsØbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈
Øns‚ {]tbm‡mhpw {]Nm-cI - \pw Bbn Db¿∂p i‡n sshtem-∏n-f-fn°v ssIh-∂Xv CXns‚ ^e-am-bmWv. a\p-
\n∂p. Ihn-{X-b-Øns‚ Imhy-K-cna AXns‚ `mh- jym-[n-jvTnXamb Ihn-X-bnse IemflIamb hnπh _oPsØ
Xo-{h-Xt- bmsS ]n∂oSv {]Xy-£a - m-Ip-∂Xv sshtem- Ihn CjvSs - ∏-Sp-∂p, Xs‚ Ihn-Xb - psS Bflmw-ia - mbn hnI-kn-∏n-
∏n-≈n-°-hn-X-I-fn-em-Wv. Cu alm-I-hn-I-fn¬\n∂v s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. sshtem-∏n≈n Fgp-Xp∂p: GsX-¶nepw
Du‰n-sb-SpØv Xs‚ Imhy-t_m-[-Øn¬ Nmen®p Hc-]q¿h-X-bpsS D∑qe-\w, kXyZ¿i-\-Øntem kuµcyt_m[-
tN¿Ø kmwkvIm-cnI ss]Xr-Ia - m-Wn-Xv. \thm-∞m- Øntem cq]-Øntem D≈ ]pXn-sbmcp Im¬sh-∏v-˛-Np-cp°Øn¬
\-Ih- n-Iƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn® am\p-jnI aqey-߃ ]cn- Iem-]c - a
- mb Hcp hnπh _oPw BWv GXp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn°pw
Wm-ah - n-t[-ba
- mbns°m≠n-cn-°p∂p. ImeØn‚ Ne- lrZbkv]µ\hpw \mUn-an-Sn∏pw \evIp-∂X - v. "CS-t»-cn'-bpsS ]qX-
∏m-´ns\ DZm-lc - n®v sshtem-∏n≈n XpS-cp∂p: CXn¬ (]qX-∏m-´n¬)
1952-˛¬ sshtem-∏n≈n Db¿Ønb A¿Y-]q¿Whpw ]ptcm- kmaq-lnI hnπ-hmwiw Cs√-¶nepw Iem-hn-πh_oP-ap-≠v. Pohn-X-
K-a-\mfl-Ihpw Bb tNmZyw PohnX Imepjyhpw {]Xn- Øn-se∂t]mse kmln-Xy-Ønepw Hcp Imcyw ]c-a-k-Xy-am-Wv.
temaNn¥bpw h¿[n®p hcn-Ibpw aXh¿Ko-b ^m-kn-k- PohnX\nco- £ - W - Ø n- \ p≈ Ignhpw AXn¬\n∂v ]pXn- s bm-
Øns‚ hnj hnØp-Iƒ apf-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ cp-ƒImgvN In´m-\p≈ {]Xn-`bpw B ImgvNsb Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-
h¿Ø-am\Ime Zim-k-‘n-bn¬ hf-sc-tbsd {]k-‡w. \p≈ {]m]vXnbpw [oc-Xbpw BWv ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Bkv]-Zw.
22 23
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Cu Bi-bß - f - psS Dƒ°-cp-Øn¬ ]mc-ºc - y-ßf- p-sSbpw ]Xn-hp-I- hgn°p \oßp-∂X - mbn A¿∞-am-t°-≠X - n√. Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°p∂
fp-sSbpw Ib-dp-s]m-´n-°p∂ Icp-Øp‰ IrXn-I-fmWv Ime-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-\bw Pohn-XsØ apt∂m-´p-\-bn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-
Bh-iy-sa∂ sshtem-∏n≈n Dd®p hniz-kn-°p∂p. Cu hnizm-k- Ip-∂n√. apºv Imhy-Po-hnXw kmwkvIm-cnI Xe-ßf - n¬ thcp-d®p
Øn¬\n∂v hrXn-N-en-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn\m¬ sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hnX \n∂-t∏mƒ ]{XamknIIƒ Ihn-Is - f-tØSn FØp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p.
]ucp-jØ - ns‚bpw t]inZm¿Vy-Øn-s‚bpw kuµ-cy-mfl-Ia - mb \h- Ah-cpsS k¿Km-flI - t- i-jn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ch-bpsS aqe-[\ - w. C∂m-
`m-hp-I-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Ihn-X-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Is´ Fgp-Øp-Im¿, hnti-jn®p ]pXp-Ih - n-Iƒ B\p-Im-en-Iß - f - psS
ka-ImekmlnXykmwkv-Im-cnIPoh-nXØn¬ sshtem-∏n-≈n- Xncp-ap-‰sØ A`-bm¿Yn-If - m-Wv. am[ya DS-aI -- f
- psS Xm¬]-cy-Øn-
°-hn-Xb - psS {]k‡n Kuc-hX - c
- a
- mb Nn¥bv°v hnj-bamtI≠- \\p-kc - W- a - mbn Ihn-Isf th¿Xn-cn®v \ndpØp-Ibpw ]pI-gvØp-
Xp≠.v ImcWw A]-Pb - Ø - n-s‚bpw AcmPI-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw ]Sp- Ibpw CI-gvØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Ip-gn-bn-te°p hgpXn hoWn-cn-°p∂p C∂sØ kmaq-lnI PohnXw. sshtem-∏n-≈n°v hy‡-amb PohnXho£Ww D≠m-bn-cp∂p.
aXhpw h¿Ko-bX - bpw hmin-tbm-sS- Im¿∂pXn∂psIm≠n-cn-°p∂p hy‡n- ] - c hpw kmaq- l n- I hpw Bb Xo{hm- \ p- ` - h - ß - f n¬\n∂v
a\p-jy-Po-hnXw. tZiobt_m[-Øns‚ AI-s∏m-cpƒ Xncn-®d - n-bm≥ Dbn¿sIm-≠-XmWv Cu ho£Ww Xm\pƒs°m≠ C—mi‡n
Ign-bmØ, Xo¿Øpw Zp¿_-ehpw Agn-aXn \nd-™X - p-amb hnIe Hcn-S-Øp-\n∂pw ISw sIm≠X√.
P\m-[n-]Xyw, kzm¿∞-tamlnI-fmb Iptd cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°∑ - m- XpSpsh-≈m-º¬s∏m-bvI-b√ Pohn-X-Øns‚
cpsS IpSneX{¥- ß - f n¬ sRcn™a¿∂ `c- W kwhn[m- \ w, ISte Ihn-Xbv°p R߃°p ajn-∏m{Xw F∂p ]mSp-tºmƒ
sXmgnemfn h¿K-sØ-bpw \nkzP\-ß-sfbpw C√m-bva- sN-øp∂ IhnbpsS Pohn-Xh - o-£Ww {]kv] - j
- vSa- m-Ip-∂p. bmYmÿnXnI
km{am-Py-Xz BtKm-fn-Ir-X A[n\nthiw, ]W-m[n]Xy-Øns‚ Ihn-Iƒ, Ihn-Xsb tIh-e- ku-µ-cy-Øns‚ ]In´p≈ Bhn-
tX¿hmgv N tZi˛tZinb kw- k v I m- c - ß sf \ntj- [ n- ° p- I bpw j-v°m-ca - mbn Icp-Xp-∂h - ¿ ip≤-Ie - m-hm-Zn-If - m-Ip-∂p. sh≈m-º¬
Xnckv I - c n- ° - p - I bpw sNøp∂ {]h- W X, amXr- ` m- j - s bbpw s]mbvIb - n¬ Ah¿ \ocmSn Bfl-kw-Xr-]v-Xn t- \-Sp-tºmƒ sshtem-
AXpƒs°m-≈p∂ kwkvIm-cs - Øbpw \nµn-°p-Ibpw {]m¥-h¬I- ∏n-≈n°v PohnX°S-emWv ajn-∏m-{Xw. IS¬ F{X-am{Xw BKm-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNbp∂ hnZym-`ymk k{º-Zm-bw, aÆn-s\bpw Im¿jnI [hpw hym]vXn- D-≈X - p-amtWm A{X-tØmfw Xo{h-hpw BKm[hpw
hrØn-sbbpw Ah-KW - n-°p∂ ]pXnb `uXnI ho£-Ww, bph-P- ssPh-ssh-hn[yw D≈-Xp-amWv Ihnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
\-ßsf At[m-temI Pohn-XØ - n-te°p \bn-°p∂ sXmgn-en-√mbva PohnXw. B PohnXØnemWv Ihn-bpsS XqenI Bgn-∂n-dß - p-∂-
˛ ]´nI C\nbpw hn]p-es - ∏-SpØmw. CXn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp∂ hnπ- Xv. Cu ajn, A[zm-\n-°p∂ sXmgn-emfn h¿K-Øns‚ hnb¿∏m-
h-i‡- n-If - n¬ {][m-\s - ∏-´X - mWv Fgp-Øp-Im¿. GXp Zim-k‘ - n- Imw, Ah-cpsS tNmc-bmImw, aIs\ \jvSs - ∏´ Hc-Ωb - psS IÆp-
bnepw P\-ka - q-lØ - n\v ]pXnb PohnXt_m-[Ø - n-s‚bpw I¿tam- \o-cmImw, IpSn-bn-d° - s - ∏-´h- s‚ ssZ\y-Xbpw Bfl-tcm-jhpw {]Xn-
’p-I-X-bp-sSbpw t{]c-I-i-‡n-bmbn h¿Øn-®Xv Iem-Im-c-∑mcpw Im-cN- n-¥b - pamImw, klys‚ aIs‚ kzmX{¥yt_m[amImw, ASn-
kmln-Xy-°m-c∑mcpw BsW∂ bmYm¿Yyw am\-hN - c- n{Xw hy‡- b-¥-cm-hÿ kr„n® FIm-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚bpw a\p-jy-{Iq-c-X-bp-
am-°p-∂p. ip≤-Iem-hmZn-Iƒ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ad-hn-bn-te°v IS∂p sSbpw Ae-ap-d-bm-Imw, \nkz-h¿K-Øns‚ tXß-ep-I-fm-Imw...
t]mb-t∏mƒ a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ DZvKm-b-I-cm-bn, kaq-lsØ ]pkvX-I-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ Nn¥-If√, sshtem-∏n-
]ptcm-KX - n-bn-te°p \bn-®h - ¿ Ime-Øns‚ a\- m-£n-If - mbn Pnhn- ≈nsb kzm[o-\n® {]Xy-bimkv{X-Øns‚ Dd-hn-Sw. ]mXn-cm-t°mgn
°p-∂p. am\-hn-IX - b - psS {]Im-iw- ]-cØ - nb Ihn-Kp-cp- ]-cº - c- b- nse hnfn∏Xp tIƒ°msX ]mSØp ]p©bv°p tXhp∂ th´h Zº-
i‡-amb B[p-\nI IÆn-I-fn¬ H∂mWv sshtem-∏n-≈n. B Xn-I-fnepw Ah¿ ]mSp∂ ]mem´p tImas‚ hmfns‚ \nW-∏p-g-
Xeapd-bpsS ]n∂mse h∂ Ihn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw. Pohn-X-Øns‚ s°-fn-If - nepw ]©-`q-Xß - t- fmSv A¶w s - h-´p∂ ]©-ac - mb t]mcm-
A¿∞-Xe - ß- ƒ At\z-jn-®h-cmWv. F∂m¬ Imew amdnbtXmsS fn-I-fnepw {Kma PohnXIY ]mSp∂ sImbvØp-Im-cnepw Ihn
]pXp-Ih - n-Iƒ°v kmln-Xy-ho-£WØn¬ auen-Ia - mb hyXn-bm\w PohnXw I≠p. Pohn-XØ - ns‚ kpJZpxJ`mh-ßfpw {]Xo£-Ifpw
D≠m-bncn°p∂p. BtKmfh¬I-c-Whpw km{am-PyXz A[n-\n-th- I≠p. Ihn t- Nm-Zn-°p∂p.
ihpw krjvSn® Bt[m-Ka - \ - , Acm-PI Pohn-XsØ Ah¿ BZ-cn- BcmWp hotdmsS t]mcmSp-aho-c≠p
°p∂p. {]Xy-£a - mbn AXns‚ {]Nm-cI - c
- m-Ip-∂p. F√m-hcpw B t]mcm-fn-am¿I-sf-∏m-Sn-∏p-I-gvØp-hm≥
24 25
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 CXn-\p-Øcw \evIm≥ C∂sØ F{X-I-hn-Iƒ°p Ignbpw.
Nqjn-X-tcmSv, IogmfP-\-XntbmSv, Zcn-{Z-tcmSv F∂pw sshtem-∏n-
≈n°v A\p-I-º-bp-≠v. 1941˛¬ Fgp-Xnb "Acn-bn-√m™n´v' F∂
IhnX HcpZml-c-Ww. ]mh-s∏´ Hcmƒ acn®p. A¥y-I¿a-Øns‚
`mK-ambn ih-i-co-c-Øn¬ Xphm≥ Aev]w DW-°-ecn thWw.
Cu Bh-iyw ZpxJm¿Øbmb IpSpw-_n-\n-tbmSp ]d-™-t∏mƒ
Ah-cpsS adp-]Sn:
"Acnbps≠-∂m-e-tßm˛
c¥-cn-°p-I-n-√t√m'
CXp-t]mse ]e-I-hn-X-Ifpw B¿Ø-∑m-cpsS ZpxJw Bhn-jvI-
cn-°p∂p˛ CØcw hcn-I-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw {]Xybimkv{X-Øns‚
Xnf°w ImWp-∂psh-¶n¬ kmaq-lnI {]Xn-⁄-m-_-≤-\mb Hcp
Ihn-bpsS am\-hn-IXm t_m[w ChnsS sshIm-cnI i‡n-tbmsS
AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂p Icp-XpI. C{]-Imcw DW¿hp‰ Imhy-
t_m-[-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p sshtem-∏n≈n F∂Xv ambv°m≥
Ign-bmØ Imhy-N-cn{XtcJ-bmWv.
Ct∏mƒ \jvS-{]m-b-am-bn-cn-°p∂, {Kma-Øn-s‚bpw {Kma-ku-
µ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw ku`m-Ky-Øn-s‚bpw Ihn-bmWv sshtem-∏n-≈n.
CXv `mc-Xob Imhy-]-mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw
]p\cmK-a-\-am-Ip-∂p. Ihn- F-gp-Xp∂p: Rm≥ tIc-f-Øn-semcp
\m´n≥]pdØp P\n®p hf¿∂-XmWv Fs‚ Ihn-X-bpsS G‰hpw
henb `mKyw F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. ]pXnb Adn-hp-I-fpsS shfn-®-
Øn¬ Cu \m´n≥ ]pdsØ kv]¿-in®p Rm≥ Hcp IhnX Fgp-
Xn-bn´p≠v ˛ Fs‚ {Kmaw. A∂v, Cfw {]mb-Øn¬, Rm≥ I≠
\m´n≥]pdw \mƒtXmdpw \nd-ß-fp-sSbpw \mZ-ß-fp-sSbpw K‘-
ß-fp-sSbpw \hw-\-h-ß-fmb A¤p-X-߃ DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂,
AΩsb-t∏mse kvt\lw \nd-™, Hcp sIm®p temI-am-bn-cp∂p.
C∂pw AXns‚ a[pckvac-W-I-fmWp Fs‚ Ihn-X-bpsS G‰hpw
CuSp≈ ssI apX¬. Hmtcm Cebv°pw \nd-Øns‚ Hmtcm khn-
ti-j-X-bp-≠v; Hmtcm ]£n°pw i_vZ-Øn-s‚ kzct`Z-ßfpw.
k\m-X-\-amb Cu {]IrXn sshhn-[y-ß-fn¬\n∂v Bhm-ln-s®Sp-
Ø-Xm-Wv Ihn-bpsS kuµ-cy-t_m[w. F∂meXv Ihn-{]-Xn-`-bpsS
kv]¿i-ta‰v Poh-nXm-\p-`-h-ß-fp-ambn Nmen-s®-Sp-Ø-t∏m-gmWv
sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hn-X-bpsS A¥xssNX-\yw IqSp-X¬ sXfn™p
{]Im-in-°p-∂X.v `uXnIkuµcyw B¥-cnI kuµ-cy-ambn CXƒ
hncn-bp∂ k¿K-{]-{In-b-b°v \mw km£yw hln-°p-∂p. CØcw
Hc-\p-`p-Xn-bpsS hk¥ ku`mKyw sshtem-∏n≈n Ihn-X-I-fn-te
-Im-Wm≥I-gnbp.
"am\-h-{]-iv\-߃ X≥ a¿Ω-tIm-hn-Z∑mtc
26
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Rms\m-cp-shdpw kuµ-cym-fl-I-Ihn am{Xw'
F∂ Ihn-bpsS Bfl-mJym\w AXns‚ hmIym¿Y-Øn¬ a\-
 n-em°p-∂Xv icn-b√ kmaq-lnI-t_m[\nc-Xhpw XymK-kpc-`n-
ehpw {]Xo£m\n¿`-c-hp-amb PohnXkuµ-cy-amWv IhnhmIy-
Øn¬ \nd-™p-\n-ev°p-∂-Xv. Imhym-\p-`qXn \evIm≥ Ign-bmsX
am\- h - { ]- i v \ - ß ƒ ipjv I m- £ - c - ß - f n¬ hn\ykn- ° p∂ ap{Zm-
hmIyIhn-Isf ]tcm-£-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂p, Cu hcn-Ifn¬. DZ-
c-Øns‚ ]in-bS°m≥ Bkm-an¬ ]Wn°p t]mb sXmgn-em-fn-
Iƒ kz¥w -\m-´n≥]pdw ImWm≥ XncnsI hcp-tºmƒ ]m-Sp∂p:
" \nd-™n-cn-°nepw Zcn-{Z-ao-cmPyw
\nd-™n-cn-°nepw hnIr-X-sa-¶nepw
ChnsS kvt\ln-∏m-\n-hnsS bmin-∏m˛
\nhnsS ZpxJn-°m≥ Ign-htX kpJw
kz¥w aÆns‚ Nqcpw NpWbpw `wKnbpw F{X henb Pohn-
Xm-\p-`-h-am-sW∂v Ihn- hn-h-cn-°p∂p. \K-c-h¬I-cWw XIr-Xn-
bmbn apt∂dn {Kma-߃ C√m-Xm-Ip∂ hnI-k\{]{In-bbv°v \mw
hgn Xpd-°p-∂p. AXp-aqew kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv \mSns‚ Aaq-ey-k-
º-Ømb {Kma-ku-`m-Kyhpw X\Xp kwkvIm-c-hp-am-sW∂
t_m[w Ihn-I-fn¬ F{X t]¿°p≠v? A[o-ii‡n Xpd-∂n-Sp∂
A]Y hgn-bn-eqsS Ihn-X-bpsS \mº-cn-™p-sIm≠v Ah¿ \S∂p
\oßp-∂p.
" lm hnPnKojparXyp-hn-∂mtam
Pohn-X-Øn≥ sImSn-∏Sw XmgvØp-hm≥'
C{]-Imcw ac-WsØ sh√p-hn-fn®v PohnX{]Xo-£sb DW¿
Ønb, a\p- j y- P o- h n- X - Ø ns‚ I¿ΩlØzw Db¿Ønb Ihn
FhnsS? Acm-PIt_m[-Øn-s‚bpw \njv{In-b-X-bp-sSbpw A]-
P-b-Øn-s‚bpw ]mX Xpd∂,v -\msf-bpsS {kjvSm-°-fmtI≠ bph-
X-e-ap-dsb _p≤namµy-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ Hcp-hn-`mKw ]pXnb
Ihn-I-sf-hnsS?
A‘-hn-izm-k-߃°pw A\m-N-c-߃°pw FXnsc ]S s]mcp-
Xm≥ IhnX Bbp-[-am-°nb sshtem-∏n≈n Cuizc km£m
Xv I mc- Ø n- \ mbn Xs‚ t_m[a\ v Xpd∂n√. ]utcmlnXy-
Øns‚ I]-S-\m-Sy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]mc-º-cy-kn-≤-amb Bflo-b-
Xbn¬\n∂pw At±lw Hgn-™p-\n∂p. IhnX cmjv{SobØns‚
Xpd∂ {]Nm-c-tWm-]m-[n-bm-Ip-∂-Xn-t\mSv Ihn°v hntbm-Pn-∏p-≠v.
F∂m¬ sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS ]e Ihn-X-I-fp-sSbpw A∂¿[mc
cmjv{So-b-am-Ip-∂p. hni-jn-®v- ASn-b-¥cmh-ÿ-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb
IhnXIƒ.
" a¿Øy-ku-µ-cy-t_m-[-߃ s]‰
27
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 a°-f√n ]ptcmKa\-߃
kap-Zm-b-Ønse Akp-µ-c-am-b-Xns\ I≠-dn™v, AXns\
\o°n kpµ-c-am-bXns\ \n¿an-°mt\m {]Xn-jvTn-°mt\m ]ptcm-
Kan D’m-ln-°p∂p F∂ Ihn-bpsS A¿∞-\n¿h-N\w kaql
{]iv\-ßfp-ambn tN¿Øp-h®p hmbn-°Ww. Rm≥ F∂ GI
hN-\-Øn¬ HXpßn\n∂ Ihn R߃ F∂ _lp hN-\-Øn-
te°v hf¿∂Xv Ihn-bpsS kwL-t_m-[-Øns‚ sXfnhmWv.
sXmgn-emfn h¿K-Øn-s‚bpw \nkz-hn-`m-K-Øns‚bpw Iogm-f-h¿K-
Øn-s‚bpw kwL-SnX Poh-i‡n G‰p hmßn DZv_p-≤-amb Ihn
a\ v kl-I-hn-I-tfm-Sv, B[p-\n-I, Ihn-I-tfm-Spw-˛-tNm-Zn-°p-∂p:
" hniz-kw-kvImc ]me-I-cmIpw
ho⁄-tc, bpKw sh√p-hn-fn∏p
BIptam `hm-∑m¿°p-\n-I-Øm≥
temI kaqlyZp¿\n-b-a-߃
kvt\l-kp-µc ]mX-bn-eqsS ]p√ns‚ Adnhv
thK-am-I-s´, thK-am-Is´'
1952-˛¬ sshtem-∏n≈n Db¿Ønb A¿Y-]q¿Whpw ]ptcm-Ka - \
- mfl- C.-]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥
Ihpw Bb Cu tNmZyw PohnX Imepjyhpw {]Xn-temaNn¥bpw
h¿[n®p hcn-Ibpw aXh¿Ko-b ^m-kn-k-Øns‚ hnj hnØp-Iƒ
apf-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ h¿Ø-am\Ime Zim-k-‘n-bn¬ ac-X-I-∏p¬-I-tf, ]®-bm°q
hf-sc-tbsd {]k-‡w. aa a-\w, Nn¥sb kz—-bm°q
˛ sshtem-∏n≈n
]p√v \n m-c-amb H∂-√. ]p√p-ambnt®¿∂ hm°p-
Iƒ \nc-h-[n-bp≠v \nL-≠p-hn¬ F∂Xv Pohn-Xh -- p-
ambn ]p√n-\p≈ ]e Xc-Ønepw Xe-Øn-ep-ap≈
_‘sØ ImWn- ° p∂p. s\√pw tKmXºpw
Icnºpw apfbpw ]p√ns‚ hI-t`-Z-ß-fmWv F∂v Hcp
\nebv°v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-sa-¶nepw ]p√ns‚
anI-hns\ FSp-Øp-]-d-bm≥ s]mXpth an°-h¿°pw
aSn-bm-Wv. \SmsX apf-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw; ap‰Øv

Aº-Xp-sIm-√-°mew Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sm-sX-t]mb Ihn-X-

bmWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "]p√p-Iƒ'. C∂v {]Ir-Xn-hm-
Z-]-c-amb kwth-Z\w Ihn-X-bn¬ i‡-amb Hcp kµ¿`-
Øn-emWv "]p√p-Iƒ ' hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp ae-bm-f-c-N-\-
bmWv F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂-Xv. hfsc hyXy-
kvX-amb, ]e-]e ]mT-ß-fp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-Xz-c-I-fp-
sSbpw CS-Xq¿∂ ]c-∏v.

28 29
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
hf¿∂v hrØn-tI-Sm-°p-∂X - p-sIm-≠mhmw ]p√n-t\m-Sp≈ Cu at\m-
`m-hw, ]t£, kzm`m-hn-I-a√ ˛ kmwkvIm-cn-I-am-Wv. temI-sØ-
√m-b-nSØpw ]p√ns\ \n mc-ambn ImWp∂ hg°w \ne-\n-ev°p-
∂p-sh∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. \ΩpsS \m´n¬Øs∂ ]gb {KmaoW
(t^m-Iv) Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]p√v Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. XrW-h-XvK-
Wn-°pI F∂ ssien {Kma-k-{º-Zm-b-a-√. hb¬, ]pc-bn-Sw, I∂p-
Im-en-Isf t]m‰p∂ CSw F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp≈ "]pew' F∂
hm°n¬ \n∂mWv "]p√v' D≠m-b-Xv. AXn¬ Hcp A\m-Z-c-hpw C√.
"]p√≥' F∂v \n mc≥ F∂ A¿∞w hnNm-cn®v BZyw hnfn-®Xv
GsX-¶nepw P∑n ˛ amS-ºn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]p√v sNØn-sb-Sp-°p-
Ibpw BSp-am-Sp-Iƒ°v ]p√v sImSpØv Ahsc B\-µn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
Ah-cn¬\n∂v BZm-b-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS t\m´-°m-cmbn Pohn-
tXm-]m[n Is≠-Øp-Ibpw ]p√p-ta™ ]pc-I-fn¬ ]m¿°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂h - ¿°v ]p√v \n m-ca - √
- . "]p√p-hne!' F∂v hnImcw sIm≈p-
∂-h¿°v ]p√ns‚ icn-bmb hne Adn-bn-√. ]p√p-ambn tNcp∂
]Wn- s b- S p- ° p- ∂ - h ¿°v AXns\ kv t \ln- ° m\pw AXn¬
kuµcyw Is≠-Øm\pw ]pev]-c-∏ns\ Ifn-bp-sSbpw {]W-b-Øn-
s‚-bp-sa√mw ÿeambn `mh\ sNøm\pw Ign-bpw. Fhn-sSbpw
D≠m-hp-I-bpw, Pohn-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\m-h-iy-߃ \nd-th-‰m≥
h∑-c-ß-sf-°mƒ {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw \new-
hn´v A[n-I-ap-b-c-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ t]mIm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ ]p√v Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xs∂ {]Xo-I-amWv F∂p-
IqSn ]g-b-Im-esØ Iogm-f¿ Ahy-‡-ambn Xncn-®-dn-cn-™n-cn-
°-Ww.
"s\√n≥ Nph-´n¬ apfbv°pw Im´p-]p-√√ km[p-]p-e-b≥' F∂
Bims‚ hcn-bn¬ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb IWn-iX IjvSn-bm-Wv. ]pe-
b≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ {]m[m-\y-°p-dhv F∂ hnjbw Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-hm≥ Ihn thsd D]-am\w tXtS-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. s\√pw Hcp
]p√mWv F∂ imkv{XwIqSn Hm¿°p-tºmƒ Cu hcn-bpsS Imcyw
Iptd- b - [ nIw tami- a m- I pw. ]pe- b - \ nse "]pew' Xs∂- b mWv
]p√ns‚ aqew F∂p-Iq-Sn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Ihn-X-bnse kmaq-tlym-
t±-iy-amsI XI¿∂p-t]m-Ipw. kzb-a-dn-bm-Ø, ]p√ns\ am\n-°m-
Ø, ]p√ns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw Poh-˛-`q-an-im-kv{X-ß-fp-a-dn-bm-Ø, I≠-
Øn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°mØ taem-f-cpsS ˛ {]tXy-In®pw {_m“-W-
cpsS ˛ [mc-Wsb ]p\-cp-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv Bim≥. "A\m-cy,
kz¥w lrZbw sh®mWv Aßv t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂-Xv. CØcw
[¿Ω-°p-∏m-b-Øn¬ IS-∂p-IqSn ]p√p-aq-Snb InW-dp-t]m-se-bp≈
Atßbv°p Xpeyw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥ thsd-bm-sc-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-
hptam ?'' F∂ iIp-¥-f-bpsS t{Im[-h-N-\-Øn¬ ]p√n\v am\y-
30
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
ÿm-\a - n-√. htc-≠` - m-h\
- b
- psS ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. Bim\pw ChnsS
Cu \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \nev°p-∂p. ""h√-`\v ]p√pw Bbp[w' F∂
sNm√p-≠m-bXv ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ \n∂-√. "h√-
`≥' kwkvIr-X-amWv F∂-Xn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ Cßs\ Duln-°mw.
km[m-c-W-°m¿°pw arK-߃°pw ]£n-Iƒ°pw IoS-߃°pw
]p√v Bbp-[-am-sW-∂pw, h√-h-s‚bpw Chivalry sIm≠√ ]p√v
Bbp-[-am-Ip-∂Xv F∂p-ap≈ Adn-hp-sIm≠v Cu sNm√ns\ t\cn-
tS-≠-Xp-≠v.
XrW-aq¬ tIm¨{K v h∂-tXmsS C¥y≥ cmjv{So-b-Øn¬
]p√n\v am\y-ÿm\w In´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXns‚ t\Xm-hn\v ]p√n-
t\m-Sp≈ aa-Xm-_-‘-Øn\v \µn-]-d-bmw. "XrW-aq¬' F∂Xv Hcp
_wKmfn t^mIv Dev]-∂-am-hm≥ CS-bn-√. Grace Root \v \s√mcp
hnh¿Ø\w _wKm-fn-bn¬ h∂Xv aa-Xm-_m-\¿Pn D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xm-
bn-cn-°-Ww. Cu t]cv hgn Ah¿ Hcp hna¿i\w sIm≠p-h-cn-I-
bp- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Xm≥ {]h¿Øn- ® p- h ∂ C¥y≥ \mj- W ¬
tIm¨{Kkv kaq-l-Øns‚ XrW-aq-e-Øn¬ \n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-
bn, taem-f-am¿§w kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ hna¿i-\w, _Z-embn
XrW-aq¬ tIm¨{Kkv F∂ t]cv sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xn¬ \ymb-
ambpw hmbn-°mw. AXn-cn-°s´ ˛ {Kmkvdq´v seh¬ Fs∂ms°
tIc-f-Ønepw ]d-bm-dp-s≠-¶nepw \mw AXn\v (_w-Km-fn¬ sNbvX-
Xp-am-Xn-cn) ]p√p-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp hnh¿Ø-\-a√ \¬In-b-Xv.
"ASn-ÿm-\-Xew' F∂-XmWv \ΩpsS samgn. CXv bmZr-—n-I-a-√.
]p√v tami-am-sW∂ Chn-SsØ A[n-Im-cn-h¿§-Øns‚ At_m-[-
I-ev]-\-bmWv CXn-s‚bpw ]n∂n-ep-≈-Xv. "]v ^ ˛ ]pt√!!!' F∂v
Ae-dp-tºm-gmWv sh≈n-Øn-c-bn¬ Hcp \mb-I-]u-cpjw cq]w
sIm≈p-∂-Xv. aÆns\ Adn-bm-sX, Aßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v hmßn-s°m-
≠p-h-∂Xv Xn∂p-∂-XmWv tam£w F∂p Icp-Xp∂ Hcp kaq-l-
Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏-tS≠ iImcw Xs∂ CXv.
"lm ! ]pt√,' F∂ A¿∞-Ønepw l¿j-Øn-ep-ap≈ Imhym-
\p-`hw Hcp-°p∂ Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ H´pw kpJ-I-c-a-√mØ Cu
kwkvIm-c-N-cn-{X-tØm-SmWv ]nW-ßp-∂-Xv. Poh-im-kv{X-Øn¬
_ncp-Z-sa-SpØ sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "]p√p-Iƒ' F∂ IhnX
Cßs\ (Hm-W-∏m-´p-Im¿ ˛ 1952) "kzÿnXn X≥ adp-]pdw X∏p∂
H∂m-Wv. "Ihn-Xsb Ihn-X-sIm≠v CS-Xq¿∂-Xm-°p∂ ]≤Xn'
bmWv "]p√p-Iƒ' hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp-∂-sX∂pw "ss\k¿Kn-I-amb
hf¿®-bn¬ If-¶-ta-dp∂p' F∂ "at\m-KXn' Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ ]cn-
lm-c-k-taXw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p-s≠∂pw (b-Ym-{Iaw cq]-sØ-°p-
dn®pw `mh-sØ-°p-dn-®pw) ]d-bp-Ibpw Ihn-X-bn¬ DS-\ofw hym]n-
®p-In-S-°p∂ _Z¬ hyh-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
31
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
sNøp∂ Imhy-\n-cq-]-Ww1 ]p√v \n m-c-am-sW∂ "s]mXp' hnNmcw
Xs∂-bmWv ]¶n-Sp-∂-sX∂v ImtW-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]d-bmbva
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ hnNn-{X-am-Wv. B¿°pw ImWm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Bhm-
Ø-a-´n¬ ]p√ns‚ PohnX ˛ kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-߃ Ihn-X-bn¬
]c-∂p-In-S-°p-IbmWv ˛ Xe-sI-´p-ap-X¬.
Kmb-I-Ihn acn-°p-∂p. ih-a-S-°-Ønt‚ thf. Ihnsb AS°w
sNøp-∂Xv ]p√-Wn™ Xmgvhmc-Øn-em-Wv. CXv Ihn- Xs∂
ap≥t] k¶-ev]n® aplq¿Ø-amWv F∂v BJym-Xmhv Hm¿°p-
∂p. ]p¬Ø-´n-emWv Xs∂ adhv sNtø-≠Xv F∂pw I√v t]mepw
aosX sh°-cpXv F∂pw Xs‚ Ic-fn\v AXv `mc-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-
se, ad-hnSw aqSm≥ sNdp-]p-√n\v ImØp-\n-evt°-≠n-hcpw F∂-Xn-
\m-ep-amWv Xm\nXv ]d-bp-∂Xv F∂p-amWv Ihn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈
Hm¿Ω. kµ¿`-Øns‚ Xo{h-X-bn¬ \n∂v Ihnsb khn-ti-j-ambn
Hm¿°m≥ ˛ Ihn-bpsS Poh-N-cn{Xw Xs∂ BJym\w sNøm-\p≈
˛ Hcp ]pXnb hgn D≠m-hp-I-bm-Wv. ]p√p-sIm-≠mcp Poh-N-cn-{Xw.
]p¬Ø-´ns\ "tIma-f-iym-af Iºf' ambn IhnX XpS¿∂v `mjm-
¥-co-I-cn-°p∂p ˛ AXv Hm¿Ω-bpsS thZn-bmbn amdp-∂p. Ahn-sS-
bmWv Kmb-I-Ihn ]n®-sh-®p-I-fn-®-Xv. ]p¬Ø´v AΩ-bpsS Xe-
ap-Snbpw A—s‚ amdn-S-hp-ambn Xm≥ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Ihn
]n∂oSv sXfn-t™m¿Ωn-®Xv BJym-Xmhv D≤-cn-°p-∂p. (Ihn A\m-
Y-\m-bmtWm hf¿∂Xv F∂ kwibw hmb-\-°m-cn-ep-≠m-hmw.
Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]®-∏mWv Ihn-bpsS IpSpw_w F∂v ChnsS
\n∂v [z\n®v In´pw.) "]p√n≥ ]cn-ar-Zp-∏®' bpsS Cu kv]¿im-\p-
`- h - a mWv Xs‚ H∂m- a sØ Bflo- b m- \ p- ` - h w. _mey- Ø nse
\√Xpw A√m- Ø - X p- a mb A\p- ` - h - ß - f psS ÿe- a m- b n- c p∂p
]p¬Ø- ´ v , AtX- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ Nn¥- I ƒ C∂pw X∂n¬ D≠v ˛
C{Xbpw Imcy-߃IqSn Ihn Hcn-°¬ A\p-kva-cn-®-Xmbn BJym-
Xmhv ]d-bp-∂p. Ihn-bpsS buh-\-{]-W-b-Øns‚ cwKhpw CtX
]p¬∏-®-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. {]W-bn-\nbv°v kΩm-\n-°p-∂Xv ac-X-I-\n-d-
ap≈ ]p¬tam-Xncw; ]p√m-¶p-g-emWv Xs‚ {]W-b-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚
D]-I-c-Ww. Ihnbv°v ]n∂oSv {Kmaw hn´v Xe-ÿm-\-]-´-W-Øn¬
Ign-tb-≠n-h-cp∂p. Cu ÿe-Øn\v "inem-]\w' F∂mWv Ihn-X-
bn-ep≈ hnh-c-Ww. ]´-W-Øn¬ ]®-bn-√. `mh-\-bn-ep≈ ]®-
sIm≠v kwXr-]vX-\m-Im≥ {ian-®p. ]t£ ]´Ww Xs∂ Cf-°n-
a-dn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ˛ "]t£ ]cn-jv°m-c-sa-{X-thKw / ]®-sb-
≤q-k-c-am-°n-hn-´p.'' h¿j-߃ I-gn™v Ihn ]›m-Ø-]-tØmsS
Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂p. ac-X-I-Ømgvhc, Acp-abmw ]p¬Iƒ, I\n-shgpw
]p√v, kpe-fn-Xm-Ir-{Xn-a-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]pfIw XpS-ßnb hnh-c-W-
ß-fn-eqsS ]p√ns‚ ImgvNbpw aln-abpw Cu L´-Øn¬ ÿm]n-
32
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
X-am-hp-∂p. ]cn-jvImcw aqS¬a-™m-sW∂pw AXv \njv{]-tbm-
P\Ic-am-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ ]p√n-te°v ]›m-Ø-m]-tØmsS
ZpxJ-°-Æo-cp-Xn¿°pI F∂p ]d-bp∂ `mKØv kz¥w Pohn-X-K-
Xn-sb-bmWv Kmb-I-Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ihn-bpsS DZ-c-Øn¬
\odnSpw a¿Øy-[o-sb, / lrZ-b-sØ, \o¿ØqIo t\¿Ø X≠n¬
/ ]I-cpI Rß-fn¬, ∏mh-ß-fn¬,/ AIhpw ]pd-hp-am-tcm-Ky-
hocyw'' F∂o hcn- I - f n¬ ]p√ns‚ ssPh ˛ kmº- Ø nI ˛
kmwkvIm-cnI {]m[m-\y-sam-s°bpw Npcp-°n-sb-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
]p√ns\ Db¿∂ ]Z-hn-bn¬ sh°p-Ibpw a\p-jy¿ "]m]-ß-fmbn'
Xmsg-bm-sW∂v ImWp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Cu hcn-Iƒ°v _Z-em-
Jym-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Imhy-N-cn-{X-Ønepw kwkvIm-c-N-cn-{X-
Ønepw ap¥nb ÿm\-ap-≠v.
Ct∏mƒ IhnX XpS-°-Ønse ac-W-k-µ¿`-Øn-te°v ho≠pw
FØp-∂p. Kmb-I-I-hnsb adhv sNøm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]®-∏p-√ns‚
Xmgvhmcw Imem-Xo-X-amb "]®-°p-fn¿∏-S-hmbn' k¶-ev]n-°-s∏-Sp-
∂p. A\-iz-c-X-bn-te-°mWv Ihn IS-°p-∂Xv F∂ Imev]-\n-I-
°n-\mhv Xs∂ CXv. Cu thfbpw Ihn apt∂ `mh\ sNbvXn-cp-
∂p. AXv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. "HSp-hn-e-°m-en-°-gp-Øn¬ \n∂pw / IpS-
aWn hogs´ ]p¬Ø-S-Øn¬ !'' a◊-d-bn¬ \n∂v Xm≥ ]p√m-bn-
Øo-cp-Ibpw AXv Xn∂m≥ Imen-°n-Smhv FØp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂
`mh\ Hcp Flash Forward. ]p√ns‚ \∑-I-f-dn-™p-h-f¿∂ Ihn-
bp-sS, Xs‚ Pohn-XsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ ]p√ns\ D]m-[n-bm-
°nb Hcm-fn-s‚, kmbp-Py-k-¶-ev]-amWv CXv. Xm\pw ]p√pw At`-
Z-am-hp-∂-Xns‚ ck-amWv Ihn `mh\ sNbvXv kzbw \pI-cp-Ø-
∂-Xv. Ihn-bpsS tam£w Cßs\ Hcp `uXnI hkvXp-X-bmbn
k¶-ev]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXpw ]p√ns‚ t{ijvT-X-bv°p≈ Bi-b-
k-lmbw Xs∂.
c≠v
Cw•o-jn¬ {Kmkv \n m-c-X-bpsS A¿∞-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v
{]Xy-£-s∏-Sm-dn-√. ]p¬°q-´nse DÆn-bpsS P\\w s]mXp-h-dn-
hmbn amdn-b-XmImw Hcp Imc-Ww. Cw•-≠nepw a‰-t\Iw bqtdm-
tZ-i-ß-fnepw hnim-e-amb ]pev]-c-∏p-Iƒ D≠v ˛ Ata-cn-°-bn-
sebpw ImgvN-bm-Wn-Xv. \m´p-`w-Knbv°pw sXmgn-en\pw k¿§-`m-h-
\-bv°p-sa√mw Cu ]®-∏-S¿∏p-Iƒ Imc-W-am-hp-∂p-≠v. 1844 ¬
(C-cp-]-sØm-ºXmw hb- p-ap-X¬ "{Kmkvan-b-dn' ¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-
°m-c-\mb) thUvkv h¿Øv Xoh≠n Xs‚ \m´n¬ IS-°-cpXv ˛
\mSns‚ `wKn t]mbvt]mhpw F∂v hne-]n-°p-Ibpw {]N-cW
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXXv Hm¿°p-I. sXm´p-]n-
∂mse, kuµ-cy-Øns‚ Imcyw sh®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ FwK¬kv
33
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Cw•ojv {Kma-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ Xoh-≠n-bm-{Xsb°pdn®v hmNm-e-
\m-bn. ""sdbn¬ k©m-c-Øn-\mbn Hcp \mSp-≠m-bn-´-ps≠-¶n¬ AXv
Cw•-≠mWv' F∂mWv FwK¬kns‚ hmZw. ]®-∏p¬ta-Sp-Isf
kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-Øn-\m-bn-t∏mepw At±lw D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]I¿Ømw : “On, there is rich poetry in the coun-
ties of Britain ! It often seems as if one were still in the golden
days of merry England and might see shakespeare with his fowl-
ing - piece moving stealthily behind a hedge on a deer - poaching
expedition, or you might wonder why not one of his divine com-
edies actually takes place on the green meadow” . thUvkv
h¿Øns‚ sdbn¬th-hn-tcm[w Xs‚ Imhy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ `mK-
ambnØs∂ ImW-Ww. "Ctam¿´m-en‰n HmUn' ¬ ]d-bp∂ {]Ir-
Xn-bnse kz]v\m-fl-IX ˛ “There was a time when meadow,
grove, and stream, / The earth and every common sight, / To me
did seem / Apparelled in celestial light, / The Glory and the fresh-
ness of a dream” -, ebw XI-cptam F∂ `b-amWv sdbn¬]mfw
( The Kendel and windmore Railway F∂mWv t]cv) hcp-∂Xv
XS-bm≥ ]mhw Ihnsb t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. ]p√ns\ am\n-°p-∂-XmWv
]Sn-™m-d≥ kwth-Z-\-io-ew. ‘Grass’ F∂ hm°v Young Shoot,
Sprout (]pXp-ap-f, apf) F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp≈ ‘Ghros’ F∂
hm°n¬ \n∂m-Wp-≠m-bXv - that which grows F∂v Xmev]-cyw.
Green, Grow F∂o hm°p-Iƒs°m∏-am-Wv Grass s‚ ÿm\w.
C∂p-a-Xn¬ am‰-an√ (a-cn-Pp-hm\ F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ "{Kmkv' F∂v
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºm-gpw). {]b-dn, kmh∂ XpS-ßnb h≥ ]pevtaSp
k¶- e v ] - \ - ß ƒ bqtdm ˛ Ata- c n- ° ≥ kwkv I r- X n- I - f n- e p- ≠ v .
^nen∏v em¿In\pw Imƒ km≥Uv_¿Kpw hn‰vam-s\-Øp-S¿∂v ]pevI-
hn-X-Iƒ Fgp-Xn. hm¿Uv aqdns‚ imkv{X-t\m-h¬ ]p¬h-f¿®-
bpsS adp-hiw Im´n-Ø∂p - Greener than you think (1947). 1956
¬ ]pd- Ø p- h ∂ tPm¨ {InÃ- ^ - d ns‚ The Death of Grass
sshdkv _m[-sIm≠v \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂ ]p√n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ tJZw
{]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ t\mh-em-Wv. ]p√v bptdm ˛ Ata-cn-°≥ kwkvIr-
Xn-I-fn¬ kmc-amb km∂n-[y-am-Wv. sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Ihn-
Xbv°v B{i-bn-°m-hp∂ Hcp C¥y≥ ]mc-º-cyhpw D≈-Xmbn
tXm∂p-∂n√ ˛ ]p√ns\ am\n-°p∂ t^mIvkw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS `mj-
W-ß-sfm∂pw Imcy-ambn C∂v In´m-\n-√m-Xn-cns° Cßs\ ]d-
tb-≠n-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬, ]p√ns‚ ]Sn-™m-d≥
]mTw Cu ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p≠v F∂p ImWm-sX-h-
ø. CXv Hcp FXn-c-dn-hmWv ˛ \ΩpsS kwkvIr-Xn-bn¬ {]k-‡-
am-b, (]-c-º-cm-K-X-am-b) Iogm-f-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn sshIm-cn-I-_-‘-
34
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
ap-s≠∂v ]d-bmhp∂ H∂v. "" ad sNbvI ]p¬Ø-´n-se-s∂, aotX-
sbmcp I√p-t]m-ep-ap-b¿Øn-SmsX'', F∂ `mKw Ae-Ivkm-≠¿
t]m∏ns‚ “Thus unlamented let me die, steal from the world /
and not a stone tell where I lie” (Ode on solitude) F∂o hcn-Isf
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv bmZr-—n-I-a-√. CXn-eqsS Cu Ihn-
X-bp-≠m-b-Xns‚ Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-I-c-lkyw shfn-hm-°p-I-bmWv
sshtem-∏n≈n ˛ Xs∂ Cw•ojv Imhy-߃ kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≠v F∂
Imcyw. t]m∏ns‚ Ihn-X-bp-ambn Cu c≠p-h-cn-°-∏p-dsØ _‘w
"]p√pIƒ' °v C√ F∂ptam¿°-Ww.
Aº-Xp-sIm-√-°mew Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sm-sX-t]mb Ihn-X-bmWv
CXv. C∂v {]Ir-Xn-hm-Z-]-c-amb kwth-Z\w Ihn-X-bn¬ i‡-amb
Hcp kµ¿`-Øn-emWv "]p√p-Iƒ ' hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp ae-bm-f-c-
N-\-bmWv F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂-Xv. \√ ]mc-º-cy-t_m-
[-ap≈ Ihn-bmb ]n.-]n. cma-N-{µ≥, Xs‚ aIsf "s]mt∂' F∂p
hnfn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw "]pt√' F∂p hnfn-°p-Ibpw ""C√-Xn-tesd
hne-s∏-s´m∂pw'' F∂-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hc-®s\ "lcn-Xm-`-cW'
Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. "lcn-Xm-`-cW' Øns‚ thcv "]p√p-
Ifn' te°v \ofp∂ H∂m-Wv. Imhy-N-cn{Xw Ahsb tN¿Øp
sh°p-∂p.
aq∂v
"]p√p-Iƒ' F∂mWv Ihn-X-bpsS t]cv. _lp-h-N-\w. {]Ir-Xn-
bn-ep≈ ]eXcw ]p¬s®-Sn-I-sf-am-{X-a√ CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
]p√ns‚ al-Xz-am¿∂ _lpXzw Cßs\ ÿm]n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w
KmbI Ihn- b psS DS¬ ]p√m- b n- a mdn Imen- ° n- S m- h n\v Xo‰-
bmbnØocp-∂-Xn-s‚, Aßs\ ]p√ns‚ _lp-Xz-{]-tabw khn-
ti-j-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚ Imcyw-IqSn [z\n-∏n-°p-tºm-gmWv Cu t]cv
{]k-‡-am-hp-∂-Xv.
1948 emWv Nß-ºpg acn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-ti-j-am-hWw Cu
IhnX FgpXs∏-´-Xv. Nß-ºp-g-bpsS ih-a-S°v ipjvI-amb H∂m-
bn-cp-∂p. Xr»q-cn¬ sh®v Ihn acn-°p-∂p. tImb-º-Øq¿ Bip-]-
{Xn-bn-te°v t]mIm≥ Xøm-dm-°nb Imdn¬ icocw CS-∏-≈n-bn-
se-Øn-°p-∂p. awK-tfm-Zbw \gvknßv tlman¬sh®v arX-tZlw
I≠ Ddqs_m∂pw CS- ∏ - ≈ n- b n- t e°v t]mIp- ∂ n- √ . NS- ß n\v
Hcmƒ°q-´hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp hnh-cWw ]I¿Ømw: ""ac-W-
hm¿Ø ]ecpw Adn-™n-cp-∂n-√. AΩbpw sIm®-Ωbpw `mcybpw
a°fpw Ae-ap-d-bn-Sp-∂Xv tI´v GXm-\pw t]¿ AhnsS HmSn-°q-
Sn.... Ic {]am-Wn-amtcm Imcy-ÿ-∑mtcm A[n-I-sam∂pw B hf-
∏n¬ ImW-s∏-´n-√. AXv ag-°m-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. Im¿ta-L-ß-fpsS
Hgp-°v. timI-aq-I-amb A¥-co-£-Øn\v I\w sh∏n-°p∂ hnim-
35
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
e-amb Ccp-≠ -am-d≥Ip-fw. AXns‚ adp-I-c-bn¬ sshZyp-XZo]w
{]Im- i n- ° p∂ kmln- X y- ] - c n- j Øv P\- b n- X m- h ns‚ H‰- s ∏´
Ac-a-\. Ihn-bpsS NnXm-·nsb D‰p-t\m-°n-b-h¿ Ch¿ am{X-am-bn-
cp-∂p.''2 Nß-ºp-g-bpsS ]Z-hnbv°v Hcp \ne-bnepw CW-ßmØ
Cu kµ¿`-Øn\v kz]v\-Xp-ey-amb Hcp kam-¥-cm-Jym\w k¶-
ev]n-®-Xn¬\n∂mtWm "]p√p-Iƒ' D≠m-bXv ? ""{]Ir-Xn-Km-b-I-
\mb Ihn-bpsS arX-tZlw ad sNøp-hm≥ {KmaoW kplr-Øp-
°ƒ hln-®p-sIm≠p t]mIp-∂-Xn-\n-Sbv°v Ah¿ ]mSp∂p'' F∂
ASn-°p-dn-t∏m-sS-bmWv IhnX A®-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xv. Ihn-X-bnse CS-
b-Km-b-I-I-hnbv°v "ca-W\n' eqsS ÿm]n-X-amb Nß-ºp-g-bpsS
k¿§-hy-‡n-Xz-hp-ambn \√ CW-°-ap-≠v. "]p¬ØSw' F∂ hm°v
"ca-W\n' epw Cu Ihn-X-bnepw s]mXp-hmbp≈-XpamWv F∂Xv
X≈n-°-f-tb≠ kqN-\-bp-a-√. H∂p-d-∏mWv ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n
G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ {i≤n® Ihn ka-Im-en-I-\mb Nߺpg-bm-Wv.
Ihn-X-Iƒ am{X-a-√, KZy-te-J-\-ßfpw AXn\v sXfn-hp-X-cpw. Cß- IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬
s\- s bm- s °- b m- s W- ¶ n¬, "]p√p- I ƒ' (Im- h y- h n- j - b w- s Im≠pw
BJym-t\m-]m-[n-sIm-≠pw) hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp cN-\-bm-Wv. ]e- Ihn-Xbpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw
]e ]mT-ß-fp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-Xz-c-I-fp-sSbpw CS-Xq¿∂ ]c-∏v. tUm. Fkv.F
- k
- v. {ioIp-am¿
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
1. Fw.-F≥. hnP-b≥ / "HmW-∏m-´p-Imcp' sS Ah-Xm-cn-I. kmlnXyhna¿i\Øn¬ Dd®pt]mb A\h[n
2. t]m´-bn¬ F≥.-Pn. \mb¿ / Nß-ºpg Hm¿Ω A\p-`-hw. FUn. lcn-Ip-am¿ A‘hnizmkßfp≠v . AØcØnsem∂mWv
Nß-ºpg IpSnsbmgn°¬ F∂ Imhyw CSØc°mcs‚ {SmP
UnbmWv F∂Xv. 1952 HtŒm_dn¬ sshtem∏n≈n
FgpXn ]q¿Ønbm°nb P\m[n]XyØns‚
AhXmcnIbnemWv F≥ hn. Irjv W hmcnb¿
CØcsamcp ]cma¿iw \SØnbXv. {]apJ am¿
Ivknkv‰v kmlnXyhna¿iI\mb ]n.tKmhnµ ]n≈
`wKy¥tcW CXns\ icnsh°pIbp≠mbn. Ccp
]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ CXnlmkw, IpSnsbmgn°¬,
CSt»cnbpsS ]WnapS°w F∂nhsb XmcXay
s∏SpØnsI m≠v hnπhØnt\mSp≈ D]cnh¿§,
a≤yh¿§, sXmgnemfnh¿§kao]\ßfpsS {]Xn
\n[nIfmWv bYm{Iaw Cu IrXnIƒ F∂mWv
]n.tKmhnµ∏n≈ FgpXnbXv
D]cnh¿§PmX\mb Hcp Ihn°v Xs‚ IhnX
bnse \mbIs\ as‰mcp XcØn¬ Nn{XoIcn°m
hp∂tXbp≈p. CSØc°mc \mtbm sXmgnemfn
Xs∂bmtbm Abmsf Nn{XoIcn°mw. F∂m¬
sshtem∏n≈n IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ \mbIs\
36 37
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
D]cnh¿§ PmX\mbnØs∂bmWv hn`mh\w sNbvXXv F∂XmWv
{it≤bw. IpSnsbmgn°ense BZy Jfiw apX¬ A©mw
Jfiw hsc \njv I r„ambn ]cntim[n®m¬ \ap°nXv
hy‡amIpw
Hcp D]cnh¿§ Ihnsb∂ \nebn¬ Xs∂Øs∂ \mbI
\m°ns°m≠v, Xs‚ hy‡nKXßfmb k¶¬∏߃ ˛ AXv
D]cnh¿§PohnsØ°pdn®mImw D]cnh¿§ kuµcy
ho£WsØ°pdnt®m kmlnXy k¶¬∏sØ°pdnt®m BImw;
Xs‚ h¿§Øns‚ {]Wbk¶¬∏sØ°pdn®pw Xs‚
am\hnIhmZ ho£Wßsf°pdn®pamImw˛ aq¿Øamb
kmaqlnI PohnX bmYm¿∞yßtfmSv Fßs\ G‰pap´p∂p
F∂pw AXns‚ ]cnWXn Fs¥∂pw H∂papX¬ A©phsc
bp≈ Jfißfn¬ At\zjn°pIbmWv At±lw IpSnsbmgn
°en¬ sNøp∂Xv . Fw.F≥ hnPbs\t∏msebp≈h¿
]pIgv Ø nb kXyk‘XbmWXv F∂Xn¬ kwib an√.
aebmf IhnXbnse imkv { Xob{]tbmKØns‚, Ube
Iv‰nIvkneqsSbp≈ kXyZ¿i\Øns‚ DZmlcWambn Sn. B¿
{io\nhmkpw B ImhysØ {]{Io¿Øn°p∂Xv as‰m∂p
sIm≠pa√. F∂m¬ IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ A¥yJfiamb
NohoSpIfpsS ]m´ns\]‰n Cuhna¿iI¿ F¥p ]dbp∂p F∂v
{i≤nt°≠XmWv. ]Xnhpt]mse Be¶mcnIhpw ImhymflI
hpamb Xs‚ `mjbn¬ Fw.F≥ hnPb≥ ]dbp∂Xv Hcp
hkv{XØns‚ h°nse IkhmWv NohoSpIfpsS ]m´v F∂mWv.
D]tbmKmflIamWv Hcp hkv { XØns‚ [¿Ωw. Ikhv
AXn\pta¬ sh®psI´nb Ae¶mcw am{Xw; AXv hkv{XØns‚
Ahn`mPyLSIa√ F∂v \ap°ob`o{]mbsØ \n¿≤mcWw
sNømw. IpSnsbmgn°ens\ aebmf IhnXbnse imkv{Xob
{]tbmKØns‚ DZmlcWam°p∂ Sn.B¿ {io\nhmkv NohoSp
IfpsS ]m´ns\∏‰n Xs‚ hna¿i\Øn¬ \n»–X]men°p∂p.
AXn\¿∞w Cu JfisØIqSn Dƒs∏SpØn Xs‚ kn≤m¥w
bp‡n]cambn AhXcn∏n°m\mhpIbn√ F∂XmWv.
F∂m¬ aebmfØnse kuµcymflI\ncq]Ww G‰hp
apb¿Øn∏nSn°p∂Xpw aXnbmthmfw FSpØp≤cn°p∂Xpw
NohoSpIfpsS ]m´ns\bmWv. t\csØ ]d™ Bfl\njvT
hnizmk {]amWßfpw PohnXbmYm¿∞yßfpw XΩnep≈
kwL¿jhpw AXns‚ ^ehpw AhXcn∏n°s∏SmØ
JfiamWnXv . H∂papX¬ A©phscbp≈ Jfißfn¬
XI¿∂pt]mb Xs‚ hy‡nKX hnizmk{]amWßsf ChnsS
At±lw Db¿Øn∏nSn°pIbpw Xs‚ D]cnh¿§ \ne]mSn\v
38
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Aßs\ km[qIcWw \¬IpIbpamWv sNøp∂Xv. F{X
kXyk‘X \Sn®mepw A¥nahniIe\Øn¬ Hcmsf
AbmfpsS h¿§]camb ]cnanXnIƒ \nb{¥n°pIXs∂ sNøpw
F∂ kXyw CXv shfnhm°pIbmWv.
Xs‚ hy‡nKXhnizmk{]amW߃ ˛ AhXs∂bmWv
{]Xybimkv { Xw˛PohnXhpambn kwL¿jØnte¿s∏´v
]Sn]Snbmbn XIcp∂Xns‚ ZriyßfmWv H∂papX¬
A©phscbp≈ Jfißfn¬. Bdmw JfiØnse
hnπhZriyw AXns‚ A¥naamb XI¿®sb ZriyhXvIcn
°p∂p. CtXmsS IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ kXyk‘X ]q¿Æ
amIp∂p. F∂m¬ Xs‚ h¿§]camb \ne]mSv - D]cnh¿§
{]Xybimkv { X Øn\v km[qIcWw t\Sm≥ At±lsØ
\n¿_‘n°p∂Xns‚ DZmlcWw am{XamWv NohoSpIfpsS ]m´.v
CØcØnsemcp ImhysagpXm≥ sshtem∏n≈nsb t{]cn∏n®
Hcp kmaqlnI kmlNcyap≠v. AXv a\ nem°m≥ IpSnsbm
gn°¬ FgpXs∏´ kµ¿`sa¥v F∂v At\zjn°Ww. 1950
Ifnse {]kn≤amb I¬°ØmXoknkv H¿an°pI. P∑nØ
Øns‚ ]oU\߃ Ahkm\n∏n°m≥ kmbp[kacØn\v
A\paXn \¬Ip∂ IΩyqWnkv‰v ]m¿´nbpsS \bambncp∂p AXv.
kmbp[kacØneqsS D]cnh¿§sØ D≥aqe\w sNbvXpsIm≠p
Xs∂ ASnÿm\h¿§Øns‚ Akv X nXzw Dd∏m°Wsa∂
\n¿t±iambncp∂p AXv . CXnt\mSp≈ sshImcnI{]XnIc
WamWv IpSnsbmgn°¬ F∂ Imhyw. Im¬∏\nIa\pjy
alXzhmZtØmSv kmaqlnIPohnXØnse D®\oNXz߃
]cnlcn®n s√¶n¬ c‡cqjnXamb Hcp hnπhw Xßsf
D≥aqe\w sNbvtX°psa∂v klh¿§obsc Blzm\w sNøm\pw
sXmgn emfn h¿§tØmSv R߃ hmkvXhØn¬ \nßfpsS
tNcnbnem sW∂v `wKnhm°v ]dbm\pw Cu Imhyw {ian°p∂p.
AXnt\msSm∏w hcm\ncn°p∂ hnπhsØ Hcp kuµcymflI
{]Xn`mk ambhXcn∏n®v AXns‚ hchns\ sshIn°pItbm
Akm[p hm°pItbm sNøm\p≈ t_m[]q¿∆amb {iahpw
CXneSßn bncn°p∂p.
F¥mbmepw IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ H∂papX¬ A©phscbp≈
Jfißfn¬ kz¥w {]Xybimkv { XsØ PohnXhpambn
G‰pap´n°m≥ Ihn {ian°p∂p≠v . Hcmtfm Hcp h¿§tam
PohnsØ°pdn®pw Ie, {]Wbw, IpSpw_w XpSßnbhsb
°pdn®psams° cq]oIcns®Sp°p∂ [mcWIfmWv {]Xyb
imkv{Xw. Ah PohnXØns\Xnsc \n¬°p∂ I]S hnizmk
hyhÿIfmWv, I]Smht_m[amWv. F∂m¬ CØcw ho£
39
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Wßfn√msX t\cn´v PohnXsØ A`napJoIcn°m≥ \ap°mhp
Ibn√. IpSnsbmgn°ense ta¬]d™ JfißfpsS LS\
Cßs\ Nn{XoIcn°mw.
hy‡nKX{]Xybimkv{Xw x PohnXw >--- Bfl\nµ
IpSnsbmgn°¬ Hcp {]iv \ Øns‚ AhXcWamWv . B
{]iv\w IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ XpS°Øn¬Øs∂ D≤cn®n´p≠v.
hnizkwkvImc]meIcmIpw
hn⁄tc, bpKw sh√phnfn∏q;
BIptam `hm≥am¿°p \nIØm≥
temIkmaqlyZp¿∂nba߃
kvt\lkpµc ]mXbneqsS?
thKamhs´ thKamhs´
F∂XmWXv. D≈h\pw C√mØh\pw XΩnep≈ A¥cw
kvt\lØns‚ hgnbneqsS ]cnlcn®ns√¶n¬ c‡cqjnXamb
hnπhw AXv ]cnlcn°pw F∂mWv CXns‚ A¿∞w. Cu
{]iv\Øns‚ AhXcWØn\pth≠nbmWv Cu ImhyØnse
aqt∂ aq∂v IYm]m{Xßsfbpw kw`hßsfbpsa√mw Ihn
D]tbmKs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv . AXv ]cnlcn®ns√¶n¬
hcmhp∂ Zpc¥amWv IpSnsbmgn°ense hnπhw. Cu
A¿∞Øn¬ Hcp {]iv \ IhnXbmWv IpSnsbmgn°¬F∂v
]dbmw. Hcp {]iv\sØ AhXcn∏n°pIbpw cN\bpsS F√m
LSIßsfbpw AXns‚ AhXcWØn¬ GIm{Kam°n
\ndpØpIbpw AXv ]cnlcn®ns√¶n¬ hcmhp∂ Zpc¥sØ
hn`mh\w sNøpIbpamWv {]iv \ \mSI߃ F∂v \ap°
dnbmw.CXv Imhycq]Øn¬ AhXcn∏n°pIbmWv IpSnsbmgn°
eneqsS sshtem∏n≈n.. D]cnh¿§ \mbI≥, sXmgnemfn, sXmgn
emfns∏¨sImSn F∂o hy‡nap{Zbn√mØ h¿§amXrI
(Type)Isf D]tbmKs∏SpØns°m≠mWv Cu {]iv\Øns‚
AhXcWw.
H∂pw aq∂pw A©pw JfißfpsS Bcw`Øn¬ Nne kXy
{]Xn⁄Iƒ ImWmw. sshb‡nIamb Xs‚ aaXIfpw
Cu¿jyIfpw kXyZ¿i\sØ _m[n°cpsX∂p≈ t_m[
]q¿∆amb Xm¬]cyw Cu kXy{]Xn⁄Iƒ°p ]n∂nep≠v.
Jq¿B\pw, KoXbpw, ss__nfpw D]tbmKs∏SpØnbp≈
tImSXnIfnse kXy{]Xn⁄Iƒ ChnsS Hm¿°mw. F√m
aXßfpw XßfpsS hnizmknIsf ]m]nIfmbn ImWp∂p. Cu
]m]t_m[amWv aXhnizmkØns‚ ASnØdsb∂p ]dbmw.
CXpt]mse ]pXnsbmcp ]m]t_m[w IpSnsbmgn°enep≠v.
D]cnh¿KmwKamb Xm≥ ASnÿm\h¿§sØ NqjWwsNøp∂p
40
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Ønep≈ h¿§]camb ]m]t_m[amWnXv.
H∂papX¬ A©phscbp≈ Jfißfn¬ Xs‚ {]Xybimkv{X
Øns‚ XI¿® Nn{XoIcn°m≥ D]cnh¿§\mbIs\ t{]cn∏n®Xv
khntijamb Cu ]m]t_m[amWv. 1953 ¬ FgpXs∏´
_q¿jzm kvt\lnX≥ F∂ ]´Øphnf IcpWmIcs‚ IYbnepw
tPm¨ F{_lmw kwhn[m\w sNbv X sNdnbm®s‚ {Iqc
IrXy߃ F∂ Ne®n{XØnepw kn.B¿ ]ctaizcs‚ {]IrXn
\nbaw F∂ t\mhenepw khntijamb Cu ]m]t_m[Øns‚
{]Xy£ßƒ ImWmw.
D]cnh¿KmwKamb Xm≥ ASnÿm\h¿§sØ h©n°pI
bmWv sNøp∂sX∂ h¿§]camb ]m]t_m[amWv H∂pw c≠pw
Bdpw Jfißfn¬ ImWp∂ kXy{]Xn⁄Iƒ°v ASn
ÿm\w. AIsØm∂p kq£n°pIbpw ]pdsØm∂p {]ISam°p
Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn°p]Icw Xm≥ kXyw ]dbmw F∂
{]kv X mhamWv H∂mw JfiØns‚ Bcw`Ønse kXy
{]Xn⁄.
]p©ncn, lm Ipeo\amw I≈w
s\©pIodn Rm≥ t\cns\°m´mw
c≠mw JfiØns‚ XpS°Øn¬
]´Sbmbn aqVlmkØn≥ -
]´n¬ Rm≥ s]mXns™¥n\p shbv∏p
t\cpan∂nØnfßpsa≥ NnØw
tNmc Nn∂nØpd∂pRm≥ Im´mw
F∂v hnUvVn®ncnbpsS ]´n¬ s]mXn™v NnXbnte°v
th≠n Fs‚ a\ v Rm≥ s]mXn™pshbv°p∂Xn\v ]Icw
AXns\ A∏msS {]ISn∏n°msa∂ {]Xn⁄ ImWmw.
AXpt]mse Bdmw JfiØns‚ XpS°Øn¬
tIhesamcp ambmabqc ˛
Øqhem°qhsX¥ns\≥ Xqh¬?
Bhgn°XphogvhXn≥ apsº≥
PohtimWnX kXyaqds´!
F∂v Xs‚ XqenIsb shdpw ambmabn¬∏oenbm°p∂Xn\v
]Icw Pohs‚ tNmcbp≈ kXyw AXv ]I¿Øs´ F∂v
{]Jym]n°pIbmW.v
BZy JfiØn¬ IhnbpsS Bfl\njvTPohnX k¶¬∏
ßfpw hkvXp\njvTPohnXbmYm¿∞yßfpw XΩnep≈ kwL¿
jamWv ImWpI. Ab¬ho´nep≠mb IpSw_IelØn¬
Xs‚ tZh`mh\mZ¿∏Ww s]m´nbXns‚ tcmjØn¬ IpSnInS∏p
°mcs\ D]cnh¿§\mbI≥ `ojWns∏SpØp∂p. sXmgnemfn
41
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
bpsS IpSn \n¿Ønbns√¶n¬ Xm\hs\ IpSnbnd°psa∂mWv ZriyamIp∂Xv. AXn¬ sXmgnemfnbpw sXmgnemfn h¿§s∏¨
`ojWn. H∂pw an≠msX XncnsI \S∂ IpSn°nS∏pImc≥ sXmgn sImSnbpapƒs∏Sp∂ ASnÿm\h¿§w Xs∂ D≥aqe\w sNøp∂
emfn Cdßnsb¶nepw Xs‚ k¶¬∏ßfpw bmYm¿∞yßfpw Xmbn Ihn A\p`hn°p∂p. IpSnsbmgn°ense ]pIgvØs∏´
XΩnep≈ kwL¿jØn¬ \n∂v \mbI≥ Hcp Xncn®dnhnte°v kXyk‘X ChnsS ]q¿ÆamIp∂p.
FØp∂p. Xs‚ k¶¬∏temIØn¬ C\nbpw A`ncan°pIbm F∂m¬ Hcp D]cnh¿§ {]Xn\n[n°v Xs‚ h¿§tØmSp≈
sW¶n¬ sXmgnemfnh¿§w Xs∂ D≥aqe\w sNøpw F∂mWXv. aaXbn¬ \n∂pw c£s∏Sm≥ km[ya√ F∂Xns≥ sXfnhmWv
Xs‚ Ipeo\XbpsS {]Xybimkv{XamWv c≠mw Jfi Fgmw Jfiamb NohoSpIfpsS ]m´v. AXphscbp≈ Jfiß
Øn¬ PohnXtØmSv kwL¿jØnte¿s∏´v ]cmPbaSbp∂Xv. fn¬ ]cmPbs∏´ Xs‚ Bfl\njvT{]Xybimkv{Xw ChnsS
Ipeo\XbpsS elcnbn¬ apgpInbncn°p∂ \mbI≥ B ]p\¿÷\n°pIbmWv. h¿§kacØn¬ D]cnh¿§tØmSp≈
B`nPmXyw hy`nNmcw aqeap≠m°nbXmsW∂ sXmgnemfnbpsS ]£]mXw AXv IrXyambn {]ISn∏n°p∂p. NohoSpIfpsS
Btcm]Ww tI´v Ip]nX\mbn Ahs\Ø√p∂p. F∂m¬ B ]m´ns\ IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ tI{µambn I≠psIm≠p≈
ASnbneqsS Xm≥ Ah≥ ]d™Xn\v ASnhcbnSpIbmWv ]mcmbWßfpw Cu h¿§ho£WØn¬ \n∂pw ap‡a√.
sNbvXsX∂v Abmƒ Xncn®dnbp∂p. NohoSpIfpsS ]m´v X߃ In\mhp I≠ kvt\lam¿§w hgn
aq∂mw JfiØn¬ Im¬∏\nI{]Wbsa∂ Xs‚ {]Xyb t]mIm≥ sXmgnemfnh¿§sØ Blzm\w sNøp∂p. Cßs\
imkv{Xhpw PohnXhpambp≈ G‰pap´¬ AhXcn∏n°pIbpw t\m°nbm¬ AXv IpSnsbmgn°ens‚ Hgn∏n°s∏tS≠
Xm≥ {]oWn∏ns®SpØ sXmgnemfns∏¨sImSnsb imcocnIambn _m[bmWv F∂v hy‡amIpw. GXp alm\mb Ihnbpw Xs‚
D]tbmKn®v hens®dn™v Aßs\ Xm≥ hrØns°´ Hcp hnS≥ h¿§]camb thcpIfn¬ \n∂v ap‡\√ F∂pw.
am{Xambn amdn F∂v Xncn®dnbpIbpamWv. \memw JfiØn¬
sXmgnemfnbpsS hoSv IØp∂p. sXmgnemfnbpsS sN°≥ _oUn
hen®p Ifn®XmWv F∂mWv AbmfpsS `mjyw. F∂m¬ as‰√m
JfiØnepw Xmw_qeap]tbmKn°p∂ \mbI≥ AhnsSam{Xw
]pIhen®p \n¬°p∂Xv \ap°v ImWmw. sXmgnemfnbpsS `mcy
ho´nen√ F∂ {]kvXmh\bpw {i≤n°pI. hoSv IØn®Xv
D]cnh¿§ \mbI≥ Xs∂ F∂v sXmgnemfn ]dbp∂p. Ah≥
Abmsf sIm√m≥ hcnIbmWv . Ahs‚ apºn¬ s\©p
hncn®p\n∂t∏mƒ Ah≥ ]n¥ncn™pt]mbn. Xm≥ Hcp
`ocphmsW∂v IhnbpsS a\ p]dbp∂p. A©mw JfiØn¬
Xs‚ Imhy PohnX {]Xybimkv{Xw AhXcn∏n®v sXmgnemfn
bpsS sI´ PohnXhpambn AXns\ XmcXays∏SpØn k¥p„n
bSbpIbmWv. F∂m¬ Xs‚ IpSnInS∏n¬ \n∂v {`„\mbn
{]Xn^eambn In´nb \mWbw sIm≠v IpSn®v sXmgnemfn kz¥w
kmlnXob{]Xybimkv{Xw AhXcn∏n°pIbmWv.
I\nhns‚ IÆp\o¿ IecmØ Icfns‚
IhnXbnsXms°bpw I]Sat√
Cu kwL¿jØn\v adp]Sn \mbIs‚ a\ v AbmtfmSv
]d™p. \o Ihnb√, B {]mIrX\mWv kmlnXyImc≥.
H∂papX¬ A©phscbp≈ Jfißfn¬ Xm≥ ASnÿm\
h¿§tØmSv Im´nb AXymNmcßsf√mw IhnbpsS At_m[a\
 nep≠m°p∂ BLmXamWv Bdmw JfiØnse hnπhambn
42 43
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

I∂n-s°mbvØv
Z¿-i-\hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw
tUm. sI.-B¿. tSmWn
1 amWv sNep-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. {ia-W-]m-c-º-cy-Øn-\p-aosX {_m“-W-
ip`-Z¿i-I-aq-ey-ß-fmWv ]≠p-ap-Xte `mc-Xo-b-
km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ B[n-]Xyw sNep-Øn-t∏m-cp-∂-Xv.
a\p-jy\v ip`m-]vXn-hn-izmkw \¬Ip-Ibpw AXp-
hgn \ne-hn-ep≈ ISpØ Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß-tfm-
Sp-t]mepw HØp-t]m-Im≥ Ahs\ t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ PohnX- Z ¿i- \ - s Ø- b mWv ip`- Z ¿i\w
F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv.
BkvXn-IX AYhm thZ-Øns‚ AwKo-I-c-Ww,
[¿Ω-˛-A-[¿Ω, \∑-˛-Xn-∑, icn-˛s-- X‰v XpS-ßnb Zzµz-
ßsf kw_-‘n® \n-›-b-ß-tfm-Sp≈ hnt[-b-Xzw,
`‡n, Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ A\- i z- c - X - s b- ° p- d n- ® p≈
BZ¿im-fl-IX k¿t∆m-]cn \ne-\n¬°p∂ hyh-
ÿ-bpsS kpK-a-amb XpS¿® km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v
klm-b-I-amb Nn¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ-˛-C-hsb-√m-amWv ip`-
Z¿-i-\-Øns‚ tNcp-h-I-Iƒ.
ip`-Z¿-i-I-aq-ey-ß-fpsS h‡m-°ƒ taev]-d™
tNcp-h-I-I-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn-ep≈ BZ¿im-fl-I-X-bn-tebv°v kmln-XysØ
B-\-bn-°p-Ibpw AØcw IrXn-Isf DZmØ amXr-
44
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
I-I-fmbn Db¿Øn-°m-´p-Ibpw Ahbv°v hym]-I-amb {]Nmcw
D≠m- ° n- s °m- S p- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. CXns‚ ]n∂n¬ NmXp¿
h¿Æym-[n-jvTn-X-amb {_m“-W-a-X-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ cm{„ob
hnPbw D≠v. {_m“-W-a-X-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ h‡m°ƒ X߃°v
Akzo-Im-cy-amb Z¿i-\-ß-fp≈ IrXn-Ifpw Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw
temIm-b-Xw, BPo-h-I-Z¿i-\-߃, a‰p `uXn-I-hm-Z-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ,
_p≤-ssP-\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ apX-embh˛ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw Xa-kv°-cn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ [mcmfw sXfn-hp-Iƒ e`y-am-
Wv. ""{]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn {_m“-W-aXw ssIs°m≠
kmln-Xy-\n-jvIm-k-\hpw kmln-Xy-]p-\x-kr-„n-bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ a[y-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ItØm-en°m ]≈n-aXw imkv{X-
⁄m-\-Øn\p t\sc kzoI-cn® \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \njv{]-`-ß-fm-bn-Øo-
cpw1'' F∂mWv ]n.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ CtX-∏‰n A`n-{]m-b-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xß-fpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn-\-\p-kr-X-amb kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-
f-√msX as‰m∂pw `mc-X-Øn¬ hnI-kn-®p-IqSm F∂ \n¿_-‘-
_p-≤n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cmb bmYm-ÿn-XnI {_m“-W¿ sNbvXp-Iq-
´nb lo\-Ir-Xy-߃ s\lvdphpw th≠p-thmfw hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-
≠v.2 Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ CXv Bcy-h-Xv°-c-W-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-am-
Wv. Bcy-h-Xv°cWw C¥y≥ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ hºn® kzm[o-\-
]m-c-º-cy-Øn\v B[n-]Xyw t\Sm≥ CXv C-S-bm°n. `‡n XpS-
ßnb BZ¿-iß - sf B{i-bn®v F√m a\p-jycpw ka-∑m-cmWv F∂
ImgvN-∏m-SmWv ]pd-tabv°v ip`-Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS s]mXp-A-Sn-ÿm-\-
ambn ImWm-\m-hp-I. F∂m¬ Hcp h¿§-k-aq-l-Øn¬ F√m a\p-
jycpw Xpey-c√ F∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. Cu bm-Ym¿∞ysØ
ad-∂p-sIm≠v BZ¿i-Øn¬ am{X-am-bp≈ ka-Xzw, A[zm-\n-°p-
∂-h-cpsS BXy-¥n-I-hn-Pbw XpS-ßn-b-hsb sIm´n-∏m-Sp-∂-Xns\
]n¥p-W-°p-∂Xv Hcp Xcw tXm¬hn-bm-Wv, Zmky-amWv ˛ c£-I-
t\m-Sp≈ hn-t[-b-Xzw, Zmkyw. ""B Zmkytam IpSn-bm\p P∑n-
tbmSpw P∑n°p tZi-hm-gn-tbmSpw tZi-hm-gn°p \mSp-hm-gn-tbmSpw
\mSp-hm-gn°p cmPm-hn-t\mSpw D≈ hnt[-bXzw Xs∂''3 F∂mWv
Fw.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. ImcWw Cu BZ¿--
im-flI - X htc-Wy-h¿ - §sØ-bmWv klm-bn-°p-∂X - v. XXv^e
- a
- mbn
Cl-tem-I-Ønse ]cm-P-b-߃°pw kl-\-߃°pw {]Xn-^-e-
ambn ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ kz¿§w hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ Xcw IrXn-Ifpw
sshb-‡n-I-Zpx-J-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-X-ß-sfbpw BZ¿-i-h-Xv°-cn-°p-
∂-Xcw IrXn-Ifpw hmgvØ-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bm-bn. CØcw BZ¿i-h-Xv°-
c-W-ß-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb aqey-k-¶-ev]-߃°v Iem-km-ln-Xy-ß-
fn¬ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb Hu∂Xyw Iev]n-°-s∏-´p. A[o-i-h¿§-
45
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Øns‚ \ne-\nev]n\v Ah \ymbo-I-c-W߃ Na-®p. kaq-l-
Øns‚ XmsgØ-´n-ep-≈-h¿°v Bflm-`n-am\w \„-am-bn. CXns\
sNdp-°p-Itbm tNmZyw sNøp-Itbm sNøp∂ kmln-Xy-aq-ey-
߃°v Ah F{X bm-Ym¿t∞ym-∑p-J-am-bn-cp-∂mepw icn, Aip-
`- Z ¿i- I - a m- b Xv F∂ \ne- b n¬ ]mXnXyw Btcm- ] n- ° - s ∏´p.
BZ¿iw Pbn°pw F∂ kz]v\w \ne-\n¿Øm≥ kmln-Xym-Zn-I-
e-Iƒ \n¿-_‘nXambn. Aßs\ ip`-Z¿i-Im-Z¿i-I-aq-ey-߃
Dƒs°m-≈p∂ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Isf anI-®-XmIq F∂ Hcp [mcW
s]mXpkaq-l-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ir{Xn-a-ambn D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°-s∏-´p.
Aßs\ Im]-SyØn¬ ASn-bp-d® Hcp Iem-km-ln-Xy-aq-ey-Z-¿-i\w
hym]-I-am-bn. bYm¿∞-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn AXn\v Imcy-amb _‘-
sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv AXv Zcn-{Z-tcmSv D]-tZ-
in-°m≥ sIm≈m-ØXv Bbn-cn°p-∂-Xv. F∂n´pw AXp-Xs∂
ho≠pw ho≠pw D]-tZ-in-°p-I-bmWv \ΩpsS ]e apJy-[mcm Ihn-
I-fpw.
taev]-d™ I]-Sm-Z¿iw ]¶p-h-°p∂ IrXn-bmWv sshtem-
∏n-≈n-bpsS "I∂n-s°mbvØv'. sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS a‰p ]e Ihn-
X-Ifpw CtX I]-S-Z¿-i\w ]¶p-h-°p-∂p≠v. B Z¿-i-\-Øn¬
B[p-\n-Im-h-t_m[w sIm-≠p-h∂ imkv{Xo-b-ho-£-Whpw IqSn
Ie¿Ønt®¿Øp F∂-XmWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Hcp hyXy-kvX-
X. I∂n-s°mbvØns\ am{Xta ChnsS hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p-≈q.
2 h-fm-Wv. C∂-hƒ°v Hcp s\¬°-Xn¿t]mepw Ip\n-s™-Sp-°m-\m-
Ggp Jfi-ß-fmWv I∂n-s°m-bvØn¬ D≈-Xv. ]pe¿Im-eØv
]p©-∏m-SØv sImbvØp-Im¿ ]Wn-bp-∂p. ]p©-∏mSw {Kma-Po-hn-
X-I-Y-bpsS \mS-I-`q-an-bm-Wv. C{X-bp-amWv H∂mw-J-fi-Øn-ep-≈-
Xv. c≠mw-J-fi-Øn¬ Xe -Xp-Wn-sIm-≠p-aq-Sn, hkv{Xw Nmbv®p-
Ip--Øn, sh‰ne Nh-®p-sIm-≠v, Acn-hm-fp-I-tf¥n sImbvØp-Im-cn-
Iƒ \n-c-\ncbmbn ]mSØp Ip\n™p\n¬°p-∂Xv Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-
cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS \nc∂p \nev]v ]pe¿Im-esØ Nph-∏p-cm-in-
bp≈ BIm-iØv ImWp∂ ip{`-ta-L-]-c-º-c-t]m-se-bm-sW∂v
Hcp D]-abpw D≠v. AXn¬ henb Na-XvIm-c-sam∂pw F\n°p
tXm∂p-∂n-√. aq∂mw Jfi-Øn¬ sIm-bvØp-Im-cn-Iƒ XΩn¬
sImtø≠ hn[-sØ-∏-‰n ]d-bp∂ D]-tZ-i-˛-\n¿t±-i-ß-fmWv:
"BsI t\¿-hgn ]men-∏n≥, Bcpw B\-t]mse IS-∂p-sIm-ø-cp-
Xv, XmgvØnsImøpI, X≠p-Iƒ tNdn¬ ]qgvØ-cp-Xv, s\√p-s]m-
∂m-Wv, \o sImøm≥ h∂-XmtWm ao≥ ]nSn-°m≥ h∂-Xm-tWm,
\o´n-sIm-øp-I'-˛C-Xym-Zn. \memw-J-fi-Øn¬ Ihn CS-s]-Sp∂p:
]Wn-°m¿°v ]mSm≥ tXm∂p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]ømcw ]d-bm≥
[mcm-f-ap-≠v. Ah-cp--tSXv sXßn≥ XW-em¿∂ Hcp Xoc-{Km-aw.
46
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
AhnsS \nXyhpw PohnXw hnX-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂p. arXyp AXv sImøp-
∂p. Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xc - wKw Hcp ]mSw-Xs- ∂. sIm-bvXP - o-hn-XØ
- ns‚
Nmº¬°p- Ø n¬ apf- s b- S pØ Ipfn¿Ø Rm¿Iq´w AhnsS
ImWmw. ZpxJ-Øns‚ aotX hf¿∂p-h∂ DƒsØ-fn-hmWv Ah;
tcmK-Zm-cn-{Zy-®mgn Du‰n-°p-Sn-®X
- ns‚ _m°n-]{- X-am-Wv, lrZ-bc- ‡w
sImØn-°p-Sn-°p∂ t{]a-∏-©-h¿Æ°nfn-bpsS B´-am-Wv. Cß-
s\-sbms° sImbvØp-Im-cpsS Po-hn-XsØ kw{K-ln-®-tijw
]n∂oSv AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI IqSn sNøp∂p Ihn. I\y-s]-‰p,
Imap-I≥ Imap-Insb I´p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn, hr≤≥ Xqßn-a-cn-®p,
aI≥ AΩsb X√n˛ CsXm-s°-bmWv Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-\m-S-I-
Ønse cwK-߃. ]pcm-X-\-amb cwK-߃ Xs∂ Ah. C∂pw
AtX cwK-߃ Xs∂. AXn-s\-∏‰n Ah¿ ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXv
t\c-tºm-°p-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. F¶nepw AXn¬ [oc-X-bp-≠v.
ImcWw IÆp-\o-cn¬ \n∂mWv B [ocX D≠m-hp-∂-Xv. B [ocX
Ie¿∂ t\c-tºm°v IÆp-\o¿°p-Øn¬ sh≈n-ao≥Nm´w t]mse
{]Im-in-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-sbms° ASn-®p-]-c-Øn-∏-d-bp-∂-Xns\
"Im®n-°p-dp-°¬' F∂p hnfn-°mtam Ft¥m! A©mw J-fi-
Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ Ch-bmWv: ZpxJw t\-cn-Sp∂ a¿Xy-am-
\kw [oc-am-sW-¶nepw Imew hfsc {Iqc-am-Wv. Cu hr≤ -Ip-\n-
™n-cn-°p-∂Xv Pohn-X-`mcw sIm≠mtWm AtXm sImøp-hm≥
th≠ntbm? ]≠v Chƒ I∂n-∏m-SØv DÆn-bm¿®-t]mse an∂n-b-
hm-Ø{X £oW-ap-≠v. \mepw Iq´n apdp-°n-b-tijw Imew Xp∏m-
\m-bp∂ N≠n-t]m-se-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p Ahƒ. as‰mcp
kv{Xobm-I-s´, s\√n-t\mSv Ft¥m ]ndp-]n-dp-Øp-sIm≠v \n¬°p-
∂p. sNdp-∏Ø - n¬ Chƒ \s√mcp \mS≥]m-´p-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ho´p-
Zpx-J-ß-tfmSp a√n´v Ahƒ°v {`m¥p-h-∂p. Ahƒ H‰-s∏-´p. Im¬®-
ß-e-bpsS Inep-°-tØm-sSm∏w Ahƒ A¥y-Km\w ]mSn-Øo¿Øp.
{`m¥p-am-dnsb¶nepw C\n-b-hƒ°v ]mSm≥ Ign-bn-√. Bdmw-J-fi-
Øn¬ Hcp sIm-bvØp-Im-cn-bpsS Ime-hn-]-cy-b-IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-I-bm-Wv. Xs∂ Hcp Kmb-I-\m-°nb ]Xn-\m-dp-Im-cn-bmb Hcp
kpµ-cn-∏-Wn-°mcn hnhm-l-tijw as‰mcp \m´n-te°p t]mbn.
AhnsS B\µw \m´n-b-tijw {ItaW Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Xt√‰v
F√pw-sXm-en-bp-ambn ]n∂oSv Hcn-°¬ Ahƒ ho≠pw Chn-tS°v
]Wn-°mbn FØpw (hn-hm-ln-X-I-fmbn a‰p tZi-ß-fn-te°v t]mb-
h¿ t]mepw CS-°n-S°v sImbvØp-Im-eØv \m´nepw ho´nepw Xncn-
s®Øn sImøp-hm≥ IqSpI ]Xn-h-t{X). ]t£ A∂v Ah-fpsS
Xe-apSn \c-®n-cn-°pw, sh¨I-Xn¿t]m-se. " ]mgvØp-Wn-bn¬
s]mXn™ Hcp ZpxJw t]mse' ImW-s∏Spw Ahƒ. A∂pw Ah-
47
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
fn¬ \¿Ω-t_m[w D≠m-tb-°pw. AsXmcp alm-[o-c-X-bm-Wv.
]t£ B alm-[o-cX hmgvØm≥ A∂v Xm≥ D≠m-hptam? Ggmw
Jfi-Øn¬ Im‰v Ihn-tbm-Sp-]-d-bp-I-bmWv: ac-W-Øm¬ Adp-
sØ-Sp-°-s∏-´mepw Pohn-X-am-Ip∂ hnfhv kz¥w hnØv Hcev]w
kq£n-®p-sh-°p-∂p≠v: ]n¬°m-eØv AtX PohnXw ho≠pw hnf-
bn-°m≥. PohnXw AXns‚ XpS¿®-°mbn k¥m-\-]-c-º-csb
ÿm]n-®p-ap-t∂m-´p-t]m-Ip-∂p-ht√m! Aßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ H∂pw
BXy-¥n-I-ambn \in-°p-∂n-√. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ \in-®mepw PohnXw
\in-°msX `qan-bn¬ BZyw \´ hnØ-S°w "s]m∂-e-be®v'
(h¿≤n-®v) apt∂m-´p-t]m-Ip∂p; At\Iw sImbvØp-]mSßfn-eqsS.
Aßs\ Pohn-X-Øns‚ ss\c-¥cyw hnP-bn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ hnPn-
Ko-jp-hmb arXyp-hn\v Pohn-X-Øns‚ sImSn-∏Sw XmgvØm≥
Ignbpw F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xp-i-cn-bmtWm? C∂v Xs‚ hncn-an-gn-sIm≠v
\ns‚ ap∂n¬ kz¿§w Xpd- ° p∂ B ]Xn- \ m- d p- I mcn \msf
IÆo¿®m-en¬ aÆ-Sn-t™-°mw. \ns‚ hn]-©nbpw aqI-ambv
t]mImw. ]t£ A∂pw \ns∂-t∏m-ep≈ GtXm Hcp Kmb-I-_m-
es‚ Pohs\ D÷z--en-∏n-°p-amdv as‰mcp I\y Cu ]mSØv sImøm-
\p-≠m-hpw. \n߃ Xs∂-bmWv Ah¿. Ah-cpsS ]m´pw C∂sØ
\nß-fpsS ]m´pw `n∂-a-√. AXp-sIm≠v \n߃ A\-iz-c-cm-Wv.
\n߃°v ac-W-an-√. Cu s]mcpƒ Adn-bmsX Adn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-
≠mhmw {Kmao-W-NnØw F∂pw kt¥m-j-tØmsS \ne-sIm-≈p-
∂-Xv. Pohn-X-sa-∂m¬ H‰-sbm-‰-bmb hy‡n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-a-√.
AXv ss\c¥cyamWv. Cu bmYm¿∞yw a\- n-em°n H‰sbm‰-
bmb hy‡n-IfpsS Pohn-X-Zpx-J-sØ-∏‰n ]mSp∂ ioew \n¿Øq
]m´p-Im-tc. \n߃ kt¥mj-tØmsS "GI-Po-hn-Xm-\i -- z-c-Km\w
]mSq' C{X-bpamWv "I∂n-sImbvØv' ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
3 bXv Xs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ temI-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v Btcm-
]ucp-j-Øns‚bpw I¿tΩm-’m-l-Øn-s‚bpw A¥n-a-hn-P-
bsØ {]Io¿Øn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-XmWv I∂n-s°m-bvØnse
ho£Ww F∂v tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v-.4 C-sXmcp
ip`-Z-¿-i-\-am-Wv. "IpSn-sbm-gn-°en'teXv F∂-t]m-se, kpµ-cn-I-
fmb ]Wn-°m-cpsS t\¿°v "Hcp IÆp≈' Hcp a-[y-h¿§-˛-P-∑n-
]£ ss\Xn-I-˛-Zm¿i-\n-I-X-bmWv "I∂n-s°m-bvØn'epw D≈-Xv.
AXv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ZpxJn-X-cpsS ZpxJ-tØm-Sp≈ X∑-bo-`-mh-
Øn¬\n∂√; adn®v ]c-ZpxJw kzkp-J-Øn\v hnLm-X-ta-ev]n-°p-
∂-Xn-\m¬ ieysØ Hgn-h-m°m-\p-ff XrjvW-bn¬\n-∂m-Wv.5
F¥n-\mWv "GIPo-hn-Xm-\i - z-cK
- m\w' ]mSp-∂Xv? H‰-sbm-‰b - mb
BIp-en-Isf ]mSn-bm¬ F¥mWv Ip-g∏w? F\n-°p-]-Icw \n߃
Pohn-®psIm≈pw F∂p-]-d-™m¬ F\n-s°-¥mWv sa®w? Hmtcm
48
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
a\p-jy\pw H‰-bm-sW∂pw Ahs‚ ZpxJw Ah-t‚-Xp-am-{X-am-
sW∂pw Ah≥ acn-°p-tºmƒ IqsS acn-°m≥ Bcp-ap-≠m-hn√
F∂p-ap-≈-Xt√ bmYm¿∞yw? Cu bmYm¿∞ysØ am‰n-a-dn-°p--
∂Xv Hcp Bi-b-Øns‚ \S-Øn-∏n-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ X{¥-at√? Cu
X{¥-at√ I∂n-s°m-bvØn-eqsS Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv? ZpxJn-
Xs‚ D≈n¬ \pc-™p-b-cp∂ hnπ-h-kvt^m-S-\sØ \n¿ho-cy-am-
°p∂ X{¥-at√ AXv? Hcp \n£n-]vX-Xm-ev]-cy-°m-c-\t√ C-Ø-
c-samcp X{¥w sa\-s™-Sp--t°≠ Bh-iy-ap-≈q? At∏mƒ I∂n-
s°m-bvØnse I¿Ør-Xz-Øns‚ \n£n]vX Xmev]cyw F¥mWv?
Abmƒ kpJ-t`m-Kn-bmb Hcp P∑n-bm-Wv. bmYm¿∞y-tØmSv G‰p-
ap-´n-bm¬ Abm-fpsS "ssZh-`m-h-\m-Z¿∏Ww' s]m´pw. Abm-fpsS
"saØ-ssI-hn-SmØ' kpJw XI-cpw. Abm-fpsS Xd-hm-Sn\v In-
g°phiØv Hcp ]mS-ti-J-c-ap-≠v. Abmƒ ]mSØp]-Wn-sb-Sp-°p-
∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]mSØp ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ "F-´p-c-≠nse®mcpX
s]ms∑m/´n´p \n¬°pam s]¨-sImSn'bpsS t\¿°v A-bmƒ°v
A`n-emjw D≠v. Ah-fpsS km∂n[yw Abmsf t{]a-Km-b-I-\m-
°p-∂p. AtX-k-abw Ah-fpsS ssZ\ym-hÿ Abmƒ°p th≠m-
Xm-\pw. CXv Abm-fn¬ Ip‰-t_m[w Df-hm-°p-∂p. sX-‰ns‚ in£-
bmWv Ip‰-t_m-[w. Ip‰-t_m[w Hgn-hm-°m≥ sX‰ns\ \ymbo-I-
cn-®m¬ aXn. AXn\v At±lw kzoI-cn-°p∂ D]m-[n-bmWv "GI--
Po-hn-Xm-\-izc-Km\'Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-IX: PohnXw A\-iz-c-am-Wv.
AhnsS hy‡n-I-fpsS H-‰-sbm-‰-bmb BIp-en-Iƒ°v {]k-‡n-bn-
√. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ Xs‚ Ip‰-t_m[w Cu Zm¿i-\n-I-X-bpsS sNe-
hn¬ d±v sNø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-tX-bp≈q! ChnsS Ihn Xs‚ Hcp Z¿i-
\sØ temI-Øns‚ s]mXp-Z¿i-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ _rl¬-°-cn-
®p-sIm-≠mWv hmb-\-°m-c-\p-ap-∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-
]n-°p-∂p. CXv s{]mP-£≥ F∂ Hcp Un^≥kv sa°m-\nkw
BWv. AXns‚ Dt±iyw B¥-cn-tIm¬I-WvT-Isf (Neurotic or
moral anxiety) _mtlym¬°-WvT-Ifm°n (Objective anxiety)
am‰pI F∂-Xm-Wv. _mtlym¬°-WvT-Isf t\cn-SpI Ffp-∏-am-
Wv. Aßs\ am‰p-∂-Xn\v D¬°WvT-bpsS Imc-WXzw (Causation)
a‰p-≈h - n¬ (external world) Btcm-]n-°W
- b - w. ChnsS B external
world Xs‚ Zm¿i-\n-I-Xm-cm-ln-Xy-amWv; AYhm bmYm¿∞y-t_m-
[-am-Wv. D¬°WvT Hgn-hm-°m≥ B bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[sØ h©n-
-t°-≠Xp≠v. AXn-\mWv "PohnXw A\-iz-c-am-Wv, AXp-sIm≠-v
H‰-sbm-‰-bmb BIp-en-Isf ]mSp-∂-Xn¬ A¿∞-an√' F∂ Zm¿i-
\n-IX sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. B Zm¿i-\n-IX I]-S-am-Wv. AXn-s\-
¥mWv sXfnhv? Ihn ]Wn-°m-cpsS Zpcn-X-Po-hn-XsØ BZ-¿-i-h-
49
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
XvI-cn-°p-Ibpw _rl-¬°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-∂XmWv. Xm≥
hmkvXh - Ø- n¬ kpJ-tem-ep-]\pw Imam-Xp-c\
- p-amb D]-cn-h¿§-amWv
F∂ tXm∂-ens‚ ^e-amb Ip‰-t_m-[sØ AYhm D¬°-
WvTsb ]m¿izo-I-cn-°m≥ _Z¬ BbmWv Ihn ]Wn-°m-cpsS
Zpcn-X-Po-hn-XsØ B-Z-¿ih¬°-cn-°p-Ibpw _rl¬°-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. CXm-Is´ "dnbm-£≥ t^m¿ta-j≥' F∂
as‰mcp "Un^≥kv sa°m-\nkw' BWv. F√m Un^≥kp-Ifpw
{]mY-an-I-ambn I≈-am-Wv. bmYm¿∞ysØ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ Ign-hp-
tI-Sm-Wv.
hy‡n-]-c-amb {]ta-b-ß-fn-emWv Cu c≠p Un^≥kp-Iƒ
]pe¿Øp-∂-sX-¶n¬, IhnX tami-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-t∂-bp-≈q, a‰p
Ipg-∏-sam-∂p-an-√. ]t£ I∂n-s°m-bvØns‚ {]tabw A[zm-\n-
°p- ∂ - h - c psS Pohn- X - s Ø- b mWv s]cp- a m- d p- ∂ - X v . AhnsS
bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[sØ Ah-K-Wn-®m¬ Ncn-{X-tØmSp sNøp∂
henb sX‰m-bn-Øo-cpw. As√-¶n¬]ns∂ Imhy-{]-tabw Ihn°v
A{X-am{Xw hg-ßn-bn-cn-°-Ww. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Un^≥kv
sa°m-\n-k-sam∂pw Hcp {]iv\-amhn√. hmb-\-°m¿ AX-dn-bp-I-
Iq-Sn-bn-√. I∂n-s°m-bvØn¬ AX-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. AXn-\p-Im-cWw
"GI-Po-hn-Xm-\-iz-c-Km\'Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-IX hfsc Zp¿-∫-e-amWv
F∂-Xm-Wv. C∂sØ hmb-\-°m-c\v \√ kq£va-Zr-„n-bp-≠v.
Ahs\ "ssIImcyw sNøm≥' sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Cu Zp¿∫-e-
Zm-¿-i-\n-IX t]mcm. AXp-sIm≠-v "I∂n-s°mbvØv' \√ Ihn-X-
b√ F∂m-sWs‚ hmZw.
4 s°m-bvØn'se AtX ]m´p-X-s∂.
]t£ I∂n-s°m-bvØn-teX-pt]mep≈ Z¿i-\-ß-fm-Wv \ΩpsS
]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ CuSp-sh-bv]p-Iƒ. Cu CuSp-h-bv]n\v A[x-Ir-
XcpsS ta¬ D]-cn-h¿§w t\Snb ta¬t°m-bva-bpsS N-cn-{X-tØmfw
B≠p-In-S-°p∂ thcp-I-fp-≠v. AXv I¿Ω-˛-^-e-kn-≤m-¥-Øn-
s‚bpw NmXp¿h¿Æy-Øn-s‚bpw P∑n-˛-{_m-“-W-]m-c-º-cy-Øn-
s‚bpw ]n¥pW Ah- I m- i - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X m- W v . Pohn- X - Ø ns‚
bmYm¿∞yw F√m-h¿°pw Hcp-t]mse ip`-I-c-sam-∂p-a-√. tXmev]n-
°-s∏-Sp∂ At\-Im-bncw P∑-ßsf I≠n-s√∂p \Sn-®p-sIm-≠mWv
hnP-bn-°p∂ a\p-jy-i-‡n-bpsS al-Xz-sØ-∏-‰nbpw A\-iz-cm-Z¿i-
ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw kmlnXyw DZvtLm-jn-®p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv.
bmYm¿∞ysØ bmsXmcp BZ¿i-h-XvI-c-Whpw IqSmsX
Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-hm\pw AXns\ Ncn-{X-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hne-bn-
cp-Øp-hm\pw {ian-°p∂ cN\-I-fmWv h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ AS-
bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ DX-Ip-I. AØcw cN-\-Iƒ C∂v I-hn-Xm-cw-
KØpw t\mh¬cw-KØpw D≠m-hp-∂p-≠v. B\-µns‚ cN-\-Iƒ
50
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
CØcw cN-\°v H∂m¥cw DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. I∂n-s°m-bvØns\
t]sc-SpØp ]d-™p-sIm≠v B\µv ac-W-k¿´n-^n-°‰v F∂
t\mh-en¬ ]cn-l-kn-°p∂Xv tIhew bmZr-—n-I-a-√. At±lw Fgp-
Xp∂p: ""Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ apºn¬ acWw ASn- b d sh°p∂p
F∂mWv F\n°pw Ip´n-°m-eØv kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂
Hcp Ihn-X-bn¬ ]d--™n-cp-∂-Xv. arXyp-hn\v Pohn-X-Øns‚ sImSn-
°qd XmgvØp-hm≥ ]‰ptam F∂pw a‰pw. B Ihn-X-bn¬, tZio-b-
Km-\w-t]m-se, ac-W-Øns‚ C∏p-dØp Pohn-°p∂ R߃, A[ym-
]- I cpw hnZym¿∞n- I - f p- s a√mw hniz- k n- ® p... sXm- g n- e m- f n- I ƒ
DW¿∂p kwL-Sn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw hnπhw D≠m-hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
Cs√∂p ]d-™-t∏mƒ... Fs‚ Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c≥ kvt\ln-X\pw
Dt±-in-®Xv \ΩpsS cmPyw-Xs∂ Pbn-°p-sa-∂t√? sImSn-°q-d-sb-
°p-dn-®p≈ B tZio-bK - m\w Ct∏mgpw Bsc-¶nepw ]mSn-tb-°ptam
F∂p Rm≥ `b∂p''6. thsdm-cn-SØv Cßs\: ""B tZio-b-Km\w
Rm≥ tI´-dn-™p. ]e-bn-SØpw tI´n-´p≈ ]e i_vZ-ß-tfbpw
AXv Fs∂ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]d-™-sX-¥m-bmepw F√m-hcpw Htc
i_vZ-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-®p. ]mSn-b-sX-¥m-bm-epw, Htc cmK-Øn¬
]mSn. ]p{X-∑m-cpsS \„w ]u{X-∑m-cm¬ \nI-Øp∂ Ab¬°mcn
hr≤.. Imew Ign-™-hsb \in-∏n-°m-\pw, hcp-hm-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬
hnizmkw A¿∏-°m\pw \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c≥..
PohnXw ac- W sØ Pbn- ° p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ p- ] - d - b p- ∂ - h cpw acWw
PohnXsØ Pbn-°p-∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp-∂h - cpw Htc ]m´p-Xs - ∂-bmWv
]mSp-∂X - v. kz¥w sImSn-°qd Xmgp-Ib- n-s√∂ tZiobKm\w''7 "I∂n-
h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ a\p-jy≥ Hcp e£y-a-√m-
Xm- b n- Ø o- c p∂p "I∂n- s °mbv Ø n'¬. km[m- c W a\p- j ys‚
ss\k¿-§n-I-amb bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[sØ Xnc-kv°-cn-°m≥ t{]cn-
∏n-°pI F∂Xv Bi-b-hm-Z-Øns‚ Hcp kz`m-h-am-Wv. XØz-Nn-
¥-bpsS Hcp ]cm-[o-\-X-bm-Wn-Xv. XØz-Nn-¥-Iƒ D≠m-hp-∂Xv
Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂m-sW-¶nepw D≠m-bn-°-gn-™m¬ Pohn-XsØ
ssIhn´v AXv Bi-b-hm-Z-Øns‚ BIm-i-Øn¬ ]d-∂p-\-S-°pw.
"GI-Po-hn-X-\-iz-c-Km\w' AhnsS am{Xta {]k-‡-am-Iq. Bi-b-
hmZw a\p-jys\ "`K-h-ZvKoX'bnte-Xp-t]mse \njvIm-a-I¿-a-Øn\v
D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p. Ahs\ \ne-hn-ep≈ hyh-ÿ-tbmSp s]mcp-Ø-
s∏-Sm≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p. C√m-ØXmWv \in-°m-ØXv F∂p ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂p. D≈Xv D≈-sX∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xp-am-{X-am-sW∂v hmZn®p
kΩ-Xn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXp-X-s∂-bt√ I-∂n-s°m-bvØnse Z¿-i\w
sNøp-∂Xv?
""sh≈-s∏m-°-ß-sfbpw alm-am-cn-I-sfbpw £ma-ß-sfbpw `qI-
51
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
º-ß-sf-bp-sa√mw imiz-X-amb P\X AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. {]iv\w house, 1969) p.97
BXy-¥n-I-amb AXn-Po-hn-°-e-√, A∂-∂sØ ]cm-P-b-ßfpw 3. Fw.-B¿. cmL-hh-m-cn-b¿, "kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-Ønse sFXn-ly-߃'˛
Zpcn-Xß-fpw, thZ-\-Ifpw \ne-hn-fn-I-fpw, sXm≠-bnse hnß-epw, teJ-\w, anØpw kaq-lhpw (tIm-gn-t°m-Sv, PmeIw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
Hcp i_vZhpw ]pd-s∏-Sphn-°msX \n»_vZw c≠p Ihn-fp-I-fn-eqsS 1994) ]pdw.145.
]Xp-s°-∏X - ps° Dcp-≠n-dß - n--t∏m-Ip∂ IÆp-\o-cns‚ H‰s∏´ aWn- 4. Fw. eoem-h-Xn, ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw (Xr-iq¿: tIc-f-km-
I-fp-am-Wv. B H‰-s∏´ (H-‰-sbm-‰-bn¬ ImWp∂ BIp-en-Iƒ°p- ln-Xy-A-°m-Z-an, 1996) ]pdw. 334
ap-ºn¬) c≠p IÆp-\o-¿Øp≈n-Iƒ°p apºn¬... tl Ncn-{X-Im- 5. CXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw.334.
cm, XØz--Nn-¥-Im, \n߃ ]d-bp∂ BXy-¥n-I-hn-P-b-Øn\v Fs¥- 6. B\-µv, ac-W-k¿´n-^n-°‰v (Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, \h-[m-c, 1984) ]pdw.
¶nepw i_vZ-ap-≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? ap{Zm-hmIyw hnfn-°m≥ 80,81.
Ign- b ptam? kok¿ Pbn- ® p- s Im- t ≠- b n- c p- ∂ p. \K- c - ß fpw 7. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw. 94, 95.
cm{„ßfpw P\-X-Ifpw XI¿°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠pw... bmYm¿∞yw C{X- 8. B\-µv, acp-`q-an-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv (tIm-´bw: Un.-kn. _pIvkv, 1994).
am-{X-amWv8.'' ({_m-°‰nse-gp-Xn-bXv kz-¥w) 9. IS-Ω-\n-´, ISΩ\n-´-bpsS I-hn-X-Iƒ(tIm-´bw: Un.-kn. _pIvkv, 1995).
"I∂nsImbvØn's‚ Z¿i-\sØ IrXy-ambn tNmZyw sNøp∂ ]pdw. 74, 75.
\ne-]mSv Db¿Øn∏n-Sn-°p∂ hcn-I-fmWv tase-gp-Xn-b-Xv. F\n°p
am{Xw tNmZyw sNøm≥ tXm∂p∂ Hcp \ne-]m-S√ I∂n-s°m-bvØn-
teXv F∂p hy‡-am-°m-\mWv C{Xbpw D≤-cn-®-Xv.
""tamfn-em-W-h¿, am\sØ taS˛
ho´n-em-W-°-gp-I-∑m¿ hmgvN
....................................................
Imhn-e-°n-fn-∏m-´p-Iƒ tI´pw
]qhp-I≠pw ]d-∂p-sN-√t√
....................................................
\ns‚ PohnXw \n≥ Imcyw am{Xw
Fs‚ I¿Ωw Rm≥
sIms°m-s°m-s°m-t°m...... ''9 F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xnse IS-Ω-\n-´-
bpsS bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[hpw I∂n-s°m-bvØnse sshtem-∏n-≈n-
bpsS bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[hpw XΩn¬ henb A¥-c-ap-≠v. Cu
A¥cw sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥-c-am-
Wv.
F¥m-bmepw I∂n-s°m-bvØn\p henb kzoIm-cy-X-bp-≠v.
[mcmfw ]T-\ß - fpw AXn\p h∂n-´p-≠.v ]t£ C∂sØ amdnb
kml-N-cy-Øn¬ \n∂p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ Hcp ]p\¿-hm-b\ I∂n-
s°mbvØv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠.v AXn-te-°p≈ Hcp Nq≠p-]e - I am{X-
amtb Cu teJ-\sØ ]cn-KW - n-°m-hq. Nne kµ¿`-ßf
- n¬ "hc-´p-
hm-Zß- ƒ' hsc {]k-‡a - m-Wp-Xm-\pw.
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
1. ]n.-sI.tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥, tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-N-cn{Xw (Xn-cp-
h-\-¥-]pcw: tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, 1974) ]pdw.110.
2. Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India (Bombay: Asia publishing
52 53
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ
]nF≥. tKm]o-Ir-jvW≥
1 bp≈ Hcp D]-{Klhnt£-]-W-ta-e-bmWv kmln-Xyhpw. IpSn-sbm-
h¿§- _ - ‘ - ß - f psS sXfn- a - b p≈ ]mTw F∂
\nebv°v C\n "IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ens\' ]Tn-®n´p Imcy-
an√. Xd-hm-Sns‚ ap‰-Øp-h∂v sXdn hnfn-bv°p∂
sXmgn-em-fn-°n´v c≠p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw \ns∂ IpSn-
sbm-gn∏n°pw F∂v `ojWn apg-°pIbpw sNøp∂
P∑n \ΩpsS Krlm- X p- c - X z- Ø n- s ‚ Ab¬]°w
am{X-ambn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. t]meokpw tImS-Xnbpw
Kp≠m-∏-Sbpw cm-{„ob c£m-I¿Ør-Xzhpw A[n-Im-
c-]-Z-hn-Ifpw ]¿t®-knwKv ]hdpw tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Ifpw
Hs° tN¿∂v h¿§- _ - ‘ - ß sf k¶o¿Æ- a mb
H∂m°n am‰n-b-Xn-\m¬, IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ens‚ kmaq-
ln-I-im-kv{X-hm-b\ hep-Xm-sbm∂pw C∂v hne-t∏m-
ASn- b m- f - ` m- h - \ sb sNdp- ° m≥ B{K- l n- ° p- I bpw
F∂m¬ AXn-\-Sn-s∏-´p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \n¿-
t±-in-°m-s\¶n-epap≈ A[n-Imcw sImXn-bv°p∂ Hcp
kmln-Xy-{I-a-Øns‚ kao-I-c-W-{i-a-amWv Ip-Sn-sbm-gn-
°¬.
54
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
In-√. Imewt]msI am¿Ivkn-k-Øn\v Hcp Krlm-Xp-c-]mTw cq]-
s∏-´n-´p-s≠-¶n¬, Ahn-sS-bn-cp∂v s\Sp-ho¿∏n-Sm≥ am{Xw AXp-]-
I-cn-t®-bv°pw. "lm, P∑nbpw IpSn-bm-\pw, hni∏pw ]m¬°-™nbpw
Fs¥m-sc-fp-∏-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v P∑n-hm-gv®bpw hnπ-h{]h¿Ø\-
hpw.''
kwL¿j-ß-fpsS \n›-e-Nn-{X-ßfpsS B¬_w adn-®p-t\m-°p-
tºmƒ kwL¿j-ß-tf°m-fp-]cn, AsXmcp Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-tim`
]c-Øp∂ H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-sa-¶n¬, Ahn-sS-h®v B kmaq-ly-im-
kv{XsØ Dt]-£n-°m≥ \mw aSn-t°-≠-Xn-√. ]ns∂-ßn-s\-bmWv
"IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬' hmbn-°pI? AXns‚ GXv kØ-bmWv C∂n¬
Poh-t\mSv kv]µn-°p-∂Xv?
2
IpSn- s bm- g n- ° - e ns‚ XpS- ° w- X s∂ kmln- X y- h n- N m- c - a m- W v .
kmlnXyw F∂-Xv, Ipd-®pIqSn Ir-Xy-ambn∏d-™m¬ `mh\
F∂Xv apI-fn-tebv°v ]d-°p∂ H∂mWv "IpSn-sbm-gn°'en¬. `qan-
bpsS Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-W-_-e-Øn\v FXnsc k©-cn-°p∂ H∂v.
{iolcn-t°m-´bn¬ \n∂pw CS-bv°nsS hnt£-]n-°m-dp≈ D]-{K-
l-ß-sf-t∏m-se. \n›-nX-amb Hcp {]th-K-ap-s≠-¶n¬ am{Xta
AXn\v `qan-bpsS Kpcp-Xz-_-esØ t`Zn-°m≥ Ign-bq. Aß-s\-
gn-°-ens‚ "kmln-Xy-Im-cs‚' t\m´-Øn¬ AXv `qan-sbtbm a\p-
jy-s\tbm A√ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. adn®v {]]©-sØ-bmWv.
Cu `mh-\sb AXns‚ {`a-W-]-Y-Øn-se-Øn-°m-sX, IS-en¬
Xe-Ip-Øn-hoW Hcp D]-{Klw t]mse-bm-°n-Øo¿°p∂ Imcy-
amWv "IpSn-sbm-gn-°en'se BZy-kw-L¿jw. BIm-i-tØbv°p
t]mb tdm°‰v \new-X√n hogp-∂Xv AXn\v `qKp-cp-XzsØ AXn-
Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ChnsS Xe-X√n hogp∂ `mh-
\-bvs°-Xnscbp≈ `qKp-cp-Xzm-I¿jWw GXmWv? AXv Hcp sXdn-
hm-°m-Wv. Hcp sXmgn-emfn Ahs‚ `mcysb hnfn-°p∂ sXdn.
3
AsX. Ah≥ P∑nsb A√ sXdn-hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv. kz¥w `mcysb
BWv. Hcp sNdnb IpSn-en-\p-≈nse kzIm-cy-ÿ-eØv \S-Øp∂
\mS-Io-b-X. ]oU-\sØ FXn¿°p∂ am\-hn-I-hm-Zn-bm-b-Xp-sIm-
≠-√, P∑n Abmsf `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. adn®v Xs‚ `mh-\m-
km-{amPyssÿcy-X-bn-te°v Hcp "Uu¨ Sp F¿Øv' {]tbmKw
IS-Øn-hn-´-Xn-\m-Wv. AsX XpS¿∂v `q{`-„ns‚ `oj-Wn-bn¬ ]mhw
sXmgn-emfn sR´n-hn-d-bv°p-∂p.
Ihn/Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ ]p-tcm-K-a-\-Øn-s‚, BZ¿im-fl-I {]Xn-
cq-]-amIpw F∂ sdmam‚nIv [mc-Wsb ]cn-t°-ev]n-°p∂ Xcw
55
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
IYm-]m-{X-Nn-{Xo-Ic - W
- a
- mWv IpSn-sbm-gn-°e
- n-t‚-Xv. t_mZvseb-dpsS
Ihn-X-bn-se-t∏mse "{]`m-h-ebw' hen-s®-dn™v t]mIp∂ Ihn-
b-√, Chn-Sp-≈-Xv. h¿§-]-c-ambn X\n°p e`n® A[n-Im-c-t{km-X-
 ns‚ AXn¿Øn-bn¬ \nev°p∂ kµn-Kv[-X-bn¬s∏´ Hcm-fm-Wv.
B AXn¿Øn-bm-Wv, Hcp henb Ie kr„n-°-W-sa-¶n¬, Abmƒ
adn-I-S-t°-≠-Xv. AXmWv `mh-\bv°v hnLm-X-ambn \nev°p∂
_ew. AXn\p ]Icw Abmƒ `qKp-cp-XzsØ AXn-Po-hn-°p∂
Hcp sdmam‚nIv `mh-\-bn-emWv tI{µo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. FhnsS\nt∂m
sXdn-®p-h∂ Hcp hm°ns‚ I√n\v Ffp∏w \new-]-‰n-°m-hp∂ Hcp
sNdp-Infn `mh-\.
""Fs∂ aqI-ambv
imkn-®p-t]¿Øpw
\∂p \∂p \o h≥ Xd-hmSn
\o IpSn-sbm-gn-™o-S-Ww, R߃
\n≥ IpSn-sbm-gn-°p-a-s√-¶n¬''
ÿe-Im-e-ß-fpsS hnSpXn BtLm-jn® `mh-\bv°v ÿe-]-c-
X-bpsS ]cn-lm-kw.
4 DS-a-ÿX X\n-°m-sW∂ B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬
Hcp-]-t£, `qan-im-kv{Xhpw FgpØpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-
°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp Xncn-®-dn-hm-IWw CXv Ihnbv°v \¬In-bXv. AXn-
\m¬ tIh-e-`m-h-\bpw ÿe-Im-e-_-‘n-X-amb `mh-\bpw XΩn-
ep≈ kwL¿j-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Xncn-®-dn-th‰v "\new-]-‰nb'
Ihn-bmWv c-≠mw-J-fi-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬. "saø-\-ßmØ the-
Iƒ' BsW- ¶ nepw Ah Abmƒ sNøp- ∂ p- ≠ v . "Aev ] -
am{X'sa¶nepw hnb¿°p-∂p-≠v. ]ip F∂ hf¿Øp-ar-K-am-sW-
¶n¬t∏mepw as‰mcp A]-c-kz-ØzsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
kzm¿∞- X - b psS Hcp \o´mb kzIm- c y- k z- Ø n- \ - I - s Ø- ¶ nepw
Abmƒ "Uu¨ Sp F¿Øv' Bbn \n¬°p-tºmgmWv ASpØ
sXdn-bpsS hc-hv. CØ-hW Xs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-\p--t\-sc-bmWv
hmt°-dv.
""Zpjv{]-`p-∏p-e-bm-Sn-Iƒ ]m¿°p˛
an∏p-c-bv°n-Sn-sh-´p-sIm-≈s´''
Hm¿°-Ww. BZy P∑n-˛-Ip-Sn-bm≥ A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-sØ-∏‰n Hcp
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-{]-iv\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IpSn-bm≥ kz¥w `mcysb
sXdn-hn-fn®Xv tI´p-h∂ sePn-t…-‰ohpw FIvkn-Iyq-´o-hp-amb
P∑nbv°v Ffp∏w CS-s]-Sm-hp∂ Xc-Øn¬. CØ-hW B a\p-
jym-h-Im-i-{]-iv\-an-√. adn®v A`n-am\/Al-¶mcØn\v Gev°p∂
£X-ß-fmWv Ihn/kmln-Xy-Im-cs‚ c‡w Xnf-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Abm-
fpsS sXdn-hm-°n\p ]n∂n¬ [z\n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-ap-
56
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
s≠∂v Ihn kqN\ \evIp-∂p-≠v. Abm-fpsS sXdn Bsc-bmWv
Dt±-in-®Xv F∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n.
""t_m[-a‰ IS-∂-te, \osb≥
amXr-tkm-Zcnamsctbm IpØn?''
B A`n-am-\-£-X-am-Wv, aqSn-h-®Xv shfn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h∂ sXdn-
`m-h-\-tbm-Sp≈ {]-Xn-tj-[-amWv sNIn-S-Ø-Sn°p-∂-Xn-eqsS shfn-
hm-Ip-∂-Xv. hm°ns‚ i‡n Hcp {]Xn-`m-h-\-bmWv?
H∂pw c≠pw Jfi-ß-fnse P∑n-˛-Ip-Sn-bm≥ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cW-
Øns‚ ÿe-hy-Xymkw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. BZysØ A`n-ap-
Jo-I-cWw ]mX-bn¬ sh®m-Wv, s]m-Xp-ÿ-e-Øp-h®v. Hcp-]s£
IpSn-bms‚ If-{X-˛-]p-{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS ap∂n¬sh-®v. Hcp \ymbm-[n-
]s‚ A[n-Im-c-X-tbmsS sNhn-´n¬∏n-Sn®v ]mX-bn-tebv°v Ib-‰n-
\n¿Øp-∂p. F∂n´v "\¬KpWt-Zm-j-`m-jWw' sNøp-∂p. "imk\w'
sNøp-∂p.
"\n≥ IpSn-sbm-gn-™o-S-Ww, Cu Rm≥
\n≥ IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-°p-a-s√-¶n¬'
Hcp kmaq-ly-hn-[n-\ym-b-Øns‚ kzcw AXn-\p-≠v. ÿe-Øns‚
Cu imk-\-Øn\v ]pd-In¬ D≈-sX-¶n-epw, \oXn-bpsS kzcw
sIm≠v AXns\ s]mXn-™p-h-bv°p-∂p-≠v.
F∂m¬ c≠mw-J-fi-Øn¬ hnNm-c-W-bpsS Xew amdp-∂p.
s]mXp-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw kzIm-cy-ÿ-e-tØbv°v IpSn-bms\ Iq´n-
s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂Xv Hcp NXn-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
""kvt\ln-X≥ t]mse \n≥I-c-am¿∂p
tKl-ap-‰Øv sIm≠p-Rm≥ \n¿Øn.''
ho´p-ap-‰-Øv, P∑n-bpsS kzIm-cyhpw A{X-ta¬ ASp-Ø-Xp-amb
ÿe-tØ-bv°v, Hcp-]t£ Abm-fpsS Al-¶m-c-Øn-s‚bpw A`n-
am-\-t_m-[-Øn-t‚bpw "Xd-\new' F∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ H-cn-S-tØ-
bv°mWv IpSn-bms\ am‰n-ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xv. AtXmsS IpSn-bms‚
kmaq-ln-I-N-e-\-tijn \„-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]q¿Æambpw P∑nbpsS DS-
a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ ÿmh-c-ambn Abmƒ amdp-∂p.
""Zmcp-sh-´p-hm-s\-∂,t]mep∂w
Zqc-sa-∂nh sNm∆n-∂p-t\m-°n.''
sNIn-´-Ø-Sn-bv°p-I-bmWv P∑n-sNøp∂-Xv. AtXmsS ap‰w ]p©n-
cn-XqI-p-∂p. CØ-h-Wbpw B ]g-b-hn-[n-\ymbw Xs∂-bm-Wv.
""\n≥ IpSn-sbm-gn-™oS-W,ao Rm≥
\n≥ IpSn-sbm-gn∏n°p-a-s√-¶n¬''
Htc hm°p-Iƒ, Htc hcn-Iƒ, c≠p kµ-¿-`-ß-fn¬ \n∂n-S-bp-
∂p. H∂v a\p-jym-h-ImiIp∏m-b-a-Wn-™p-≈ hn[n. at‰Xv apdn-
57
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
th‰ A[n-Im-ca-\x-ÿn-Xn-bpsS {]Xn-Im-cw. H∂v, ]mdn-∏-d-°p∂
`mh-\-bn¬ bZr-—bm h∂p-X-´nb sXdn-hm-°p-≠m-°nb Imep-jyw.
a‰Xv ap‰Øpw ]d-ºnepw ho´n-\p-≈nepw Xfw-sI-´n-\n¿Ønb B`n-
Pm-Xy-Øn\v t\¿°p-t\¿ \n∂p-Xn¿Ø sXdn-hm-°p-≠m-°nb
{]tIm-]-\w.
Aßs\ \ymbm-[n]/P∑n/ kmln-Xy-Im-cs‚ \oXn-t_m[w
s]mXp-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw kzIm-cy-ÿ-e-tØbv°v (tdm-Un¬-\n∂pw
ap‰- t Ø- b v ° v ) amdp- t ºmƒ "IpSn- b ≥/IpSn- b m≥/kmln- X y-
_mly's‚ \oXn kzIm-cy-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw s]mXp-ÿ-e-tØbv°v
(ho-Sn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂pw sXcp-hn-te-bv°v) amdp-∂p. Abmƒ BZyw
sXdn-hm°v DXn¿°p-∂Xv IpSn¬ F∂ kzIm-cy-ÿ-e-Øp-sh®v
BI-kvan-I-ambn `mcy-bpsS t\¿-°m-Wv. c≠m-aXv sXdn-bp-Xn¿°p-
∂Xv tdmUn¬\n∂v hyh-ÿm-hn-a¿i\w F∂ kmaq-ly-_m-[yX
Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠m-Wv. c≠n-SØpw Abmƒ in£-tb-‰p-hm-ßp-∂p.
Xm°oXpw ]oU-\hpw. ÿe-]-c-amb AXn¿Øn-ew-L-\-߃
AØ-c-samcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb
AXn¿Øn-ew-L-\-߃ BIp-∂p. `qan-bmWv kXyw!
5 kmln-Xy-Im-c≥ tZhm-ebw Hgn-bp-tºmƒ sN∂p ho-gp-∂Xv ]mc-
IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ens‚ aq∂mw-Jfiw "t{]a-Jfi'amWv. Bim-
\p--ap-ºp≈ {]W-bn-\nbmWv Cu Jfi-Ønse \mb-I-\p-ap-≈-Xv.
t{]aw F∂ hm°v C{X-ta¬ ]cn-Nb-am-bXpw AXn-\p-]n-∂nse
k¶ev]\w \n¿Æ-bn-®Xpw Ipam-c-\m-im\p tij-am-sW∂v ]ecpw
kΩ-Xn®v I≠n-´p-≠v. A-Xn-\papºv "{`aw' am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-
≈q. Cu "{`a'Øns‚ XpS¿®-bn-em-Wv, {`a-N-cn-{X-Øn-emWv Cu
Jfi-Ønse \m-b-Is‚ \nev]v. Ime-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Abmƒ Bim-
\p-ti-j-ap≈ "kmln-Xy-Im-c≥' IqSn-bm-sW∂v Hm¿°-Ww. IpSn-
sbm-gn-°¬, "`mh\'sb°p-dn-®p≈, "kmlnXy'sØ°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp
hnNm-cw-Iq-Sn-bm-sW∂v \ap-°-dnbmw. Atßm-f-an-tßmfw kmln-
Xym-tem-N-\-bpsS \qep-t]-dp∂ H∂v. "\oe-°p-bnen's\°pdn-s®-
gp-Xp-tºmƒ A-[ym-]-I≥ hn√-\mbn hcp∂ BZy-kn-\n-a-I-fn¬ H-
∂m-WXv F∂v kn.-F-kv. sh¶n-tS-iz-c≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂p≠v. AXp-
t]mse "kmln-Xy-Im-c≥' hn√-\mbn hcp∂ Hcp Jfi-am-W-Xv.
AtXkabw Cu Jfi-Ønse \mbnI kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn
Bim-\p-tijw P\n-®-h-fm-Wv. am{X-a-√, kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mb \mb-
I-t\-°mƒ Bg-ap≈ km-lnXyw ]d-bp-∂Xpw Ah-fm-Wv. ae-bm-
f-Ønse G‰hpw Bg-ap≈ hcn-I-fn-sem-∂mb "F∂-psS-sbm®
thdn-´p-tI-´pthm' F∂ hcn ]d-bp-∂-Xv, kmln-Xyw, Hcp ]t£
A£cw Xs∂ H´p-a-dn-bmØ Ah-fm-Wv. Abm-fm-Is´ X\n- hn-
Ss‚ irwKm-c-t®-enepw h©\msshIr-X-Øn-ep-sam-s°-bmWv
58
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ""Cs∂m-tcm-W-a-™-°n-fnsb Rm≥ I≠p''
""hoW-X≥ IpSw-t]mem \nXw_w/ho-Wp-cp-Ωp∂ thWo-I-Zw_w'',
""hmcn Rms\s‚ amdnem e÷m/˛tImc-I-ßsf kv]µn-X-am°n''
""Fs∂--bn-„-s∏-Sp-∂Xm-/X®n-∂-¥-cw-K-a-√¿≤ Zmcn{Zyw'', ""I\y-
am¿°v \hm\p-cm-K-߃/I{a-tim-W-kv^-Sn-I-h-f-Iƒ/H∂p s]m´n-
bm¬ as‰m∂v'' F∂o hcn-Iƒ shfn-hm-°p-∂Xv C°n-fn-tbbpw
h©-\-tbbpw A√msX as‰-¥mWv? F¥m-bmepw Cu Jfi-Øn-
emWv sXmgn-emfn \mb-I-ÿm\w t\Sp-∂-Xv. ]od-Po-hn-X-sh-‰n-e-
bn-t∑¬ \q-dp-tX-bv°p∂ ]cn-lm-kn-bm-bn-´mWv "Ihn' Abmsf
ImWp-∂-sX-¶nepw B ]cn-lm-k-]-Zhn \mb-I-]-Z-hn-bn-te-bv°p≈
bm{X-bnse Hcp A¥-cmf]Zhn am{X-am-sW∂v ]nev°m-e-ØmWv
t_m[y-s∏-SpI!
t\c-sØ-∏-d™ t_mZvse-b¿ Ihn-X-bn¬ tZhm-ebw hen-s®-
dn™ Ihn h∂p-ho-gp-∂Xv ]p-Xn-sbmcp ÿe-Øm-Wv. \K-c-{]m-
¥-Øn¬ AYhm kwkvIm-c-{]m-¥-Øn¬. "kZm-Nmc'Øns‚ temI-
Øp-\n∂v ap-‡-\m-Ip-I-bmWv Ihn-bpsS B[p-\nIhXv°-cWw
F∂v t_mZvse-b¿ hniz-kn®p. AtX-k-abw IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ense
º-cy-Øns‚ sNfn-°p-≠n-em-Wv.
6
\osbcn-®-Xn¬ ]ns∂-bm-Wt√m
Xosb-cn-®-X m[p-hn≥amSw
Abmƒ D∂w-h® ku-ay-amb "kXy-ku-µ-cy-tKm-]pcw' ]Wn-
bp∂ `mh-\-tb-°mƒ F{Xtbm tijn-bmWv Abmsf ]cn-t°-
ev]n-°p∂ `mh-\bv°p≈-X.v Ihn-Xbv°v Ihn-X-bneqsS-Xs∂ adp-
]-Sn. AXn-\m-emWv amSw IØn-®Xv tNmZn-°m-s\-Ønb sXmgn-
emfn Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ]Øn-Xm-gvØn-bn-g™p-t]m-Ip-tºmgpw "Hcp
alm-I-hn-t]m-epw, Hcp alm-I-]n-t]mepw' F∂v D{K-amb hna¿i\w
]n∂oSv Agn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xv.
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ "IÆn\v IsÆ-∂Xv temIw apgp-h≥ A‘-
am°p'sa∂ Alnw-k-bpsS IhnX Adn-bm-hp-∂Xv sXmgn-em-fn-
bv°m-Wv, Ihn-bv°-√. "I\n-hns‚ IÆp-\o¿ Ie-cmØ Ic-fns‚
Ihn-X-bn-sXm-s°bpw I]-S-at√' F∂ kuµ-cy-imkv{X]mTw
sNm√n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂Xv sXmgn-em-fn-bm-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ "{]`m-h-ebw'XI¿sØ-dn-bp-∂-Xv. AtXmsS IpSn-sbm-gn-°-
ens‚ "bYm-X-YX' Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. kz]v\`q-an-I-bn-emWv G‰p-
ap-´epw Nnho-Sp-I-fpsS ]m´pw Ac-tß-dp-∂-Xv. acn®v aÆ-Sn-™-Xn\v
tij-amWv "Ie-bpsS cl-kyhpw e£yhpw' kmln-Xy-Im-c\v ]nSn-
In-´p-∂-Xv.
59
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 7
I≈n\v hen-sbmcp ]¶m-fnØw Cu Ihn-X-bn-ep-≠v. "DZm-Ø-
amb `mh-\bv°v' FXn¿ \nev°p-∂Xpw {]Xn-km-ln-Xy-Nn-¥Iƒ
D∂-bn-°p-∂Xpw I≈ns‚ `mh-\-bm-Wv. "IpSnepw' "IpSnbp'amWv
IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ense {]iv\-߃. IpSn¬ sI´n-bn-Sp∂ ÿehpw
IpSn hntam-Nn-°-s∏-Sp∂ `mh-\-bp-amWv Fs∂ms° s]mXpth
kΩ-Xn-°p∂ Imcyßfm-Wv.
""tXhn-Sn-»o, \osb-¥nt\ I™n
tXhn h®Xv? tNmsd-\n-°nt√''
""h≥ ]I-sb-cn-Xo-øn-\m¬ Zp„˛''
P∑n-sbs‚ ]pcbv°p Xo sh®p.
""Hcp alm-I-hn-t]m-epw, Hcp alm-I-]n-t]mepw
s]cpa `mhn®p sNmdn-™n-cn∏q
I\n-hns‚ IÆp\o¿ Ie-cmØ Ic-fns‚
Ihn-X-bn-sXm-s°bpw I≈-a-t√.'' amº-g∏p-gp-hns‚ Zwi\w
C{X-bp-amWv sXmgn-emfn I≈p-Ip-Sn-®X - n\p tijw Dcp-hn-Sp∂
hcn-Iƒ. F∂m¬ I≈p-Ip-Sn-°m-sXbpw Abmƒ Nne hcn-Iƒ Dcp- kPbv sI.-hn.
hn-Sp-∂p-≠v.
""s]m≥ ]-W-Øn\v am\-sØ-hn‰p
\n≥ hb¿ \o \nd-bv°tbm _mte'' H∂v: amº-g-Øns‚ amwkw
am{X-a-√. ""Bfn-Xm-Wm-fn-Xm....'' sW∂p Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p sImSp- sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS G‰hpw P\-{]oXn t\Snb
°bpw kmln-Xy-Im-cs‚ Ic-fp-hm-‰nb c‡w I≈n\p ]Icw IhnX "amºg'amWv. (am-ºgw F∂p tI´m¬ amºgw
IpSn®v, F∂p tXm∂p-∂{X {]i-kvX-ambn amºgw F∂v
""lm, sh≈-an-√mØ I≈-an-s∂s‚ I≈n¬ Rm≥ tN¿Øp'' I¬∏‰ \mcm-b-W≥). P\-{]o-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬
F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. I≈p-Ip-Sn®p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ \nin- Hcp ]t£ Nß-ºp-g-bpsS "caW't\mSpw "hmg-°p-
X-Xzhpw s]mcpfpw I≈p-Ip-Sn-°msX ]d-bp-∂-Xnepw sXmgn-emfn e-tbmSpw Nne B[p-\nI Ihn-X-I-tfm-Sp-sam-∏-amWv
]men-°p-∂p-≠v. ]ns∂ F¥mWv "IpSn-sbm-gn-°-en'se I≈v? Cu Imhy-Øns‚ \ne. IS-Ω-\n-´-bp-sSbpw _me-N-
Aßs\ ]cn-tim[n°p-tºmƒ I≈v F∂Xv Hcp Btcm]Ww {µ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sns‚bpsams° Ihn-X-Ifn¬ NneXv
am{X-am-Wv. "kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mb' P∑n-bpsS Btcm-]-Ww. AXv Hcp Ah-bpsS D≈-S-°-Øns‚ cm{„obw aqehpw Nß-
`mh- \ - b m- W v . Hcp- ] t£ {]Xy- b - i m- k v { X- ÿ m- ] n- X - a mb Hcp ºp-g-°-hnX AXns‚ Xc-f-Im¬∏-\n-I-X-aq-ehpw P\-
`mh-\.
ASn-bm-f-`m-h-\sb sNdp-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw F∂m¬ ac-WØ- n-eqsS am{Xw km[y-am-Ip∂ inip-hns‚ "hnNn{X
AXn-\-Sn-s∏-´p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \n¿-t±-in-°m-s\¶n- hnPb'sØ°p-dn-®mWv "amºgw' F∂ Ihn-X. ]mXn-bn¬
epap≈ A[n-Imcw sImXn-bv°p∂ Hcp kmln-Xy-{I-a-Øns‚ kao- \ne-®p-t]mb a\p-jy-Xz-amWv \Ωp-tS-sX-∂v, {IoUm-c-k-
I-c-W-{i-a-amWv Ip-Sn-sbm-gn-°¬ F∂p thW-sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmw. tem-ep-]-Xz-Øns‚ ÿm\w Iø-S-°p∂ {]tbm-P-\-hmZ-
Øns‚ Pohn-X-k-ao-]-\-amWv \Ωp-tS-sX∂v \nc-¥-c-ambn
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv "amºg'Øns‚ Imem-Xo-X-
amb hiy-Xbv°p \nZm-\w.

60 61
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
{]n-b-am-b-t∏mƒ sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "amºgw' t\Snb Cu GIm-
¥-hn-Pbw thdn-s´m-c-[ym-b-am-bn-Øs∂ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Nß-ºp-
g-°-hn-X-bpsS Km\m-fl-I-X-b√, (AXnse tII A\m-bm-k-amb
sNm√-en\p hg-ßp-sa-¶n-epw,) amº-g-Øns‚ apJ-ap{Z. IS-Ω-\n-´bpw
Np≈n-°m-Sp-sa√mw Xß-fpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ t\cn´v thZn-bn-e-h-X-cn-
∏n®v Ah-bpsS P\-{]n-bX h¿≤n-∏n-s®-¶n¬, A°m-cy-Øn¬
Xo¿Øpw hnap- J - \ m- b n- c p∂p e÷m- e phpw A¥¿ap- J - \ p- a mb
sshtem-∏n≈n F∂ Ihn (C-°mcyw Ihn "Imhy-tem-I-kva-c-
WI'fnsem-cn-SØv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂pap≠v). ]e-t∏mgpw tIc-f-
Ønse kvIqƒ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw kvIqƒ bph-P-t\m-
’-h-th-Zn-I-fn-eq-sS-bp-am-bn-cp∂p "amºgw' F∂ IhnX {]N-cn-®-
Xv. Cu kml-Ncyw "amºgw' P\-{]n-b-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-
amWv; apXn¿∂-hcpw Ip´n-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ kq£va-kwL¿j-
Øn¬ _meyw t\Sp∂ A¥n-a-hn-P-bhpw apXn¿∂-h-cpsS temIw
t\cn-Sp∂ Zpc-¥-]-cm-P-bhpw Cu Ihn-X-bpsS D≈p-c-bm-sW-∂-Xn-
\m¬, amXm-]n-X-m-°-fpsS D≈p-cp-Ip∂ sshIm-cn-IX (Sentimen-
tal appeal) "amºgw' amwk-f-amb ]pdw am{X-am-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚
AIw- Iq-Sp-X¬ k-¶o¿Æ-am-Wv. B k¶o¿Æ-Xn-b-te-bv°n-d-ßm-
\mWv Cu teJ\w {ian-°p-∂-Xv.
c≠v : ]qhpw Imbpw
"Imbns‚ t]cn¬ am{Xw ]qhns\ aXn- ° p- t hm¿' F∂Xv
]n≥°mew "bpK-]-cn-h¿Ø\w' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ sshtem-∏n≈n
D∂-bn-°p∂ Xo£vW-amb Hcp cm{„o-b-\n-co-£-W-am-Wv. amdnb
Ime-Øns‚ Xe-Io-gmb aqey-t_m-[sØ \n¿[-cn-°p∂ Iq´-Øn¬
ap¥nb Hcn-\-ambn sshtem-∏n≈n CXpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ime-
L-´Ø - ns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmb {]tbm-P\ - h- mZ (pragmatism) sØbmWv
Ihn C{]-Imcw \n¿h-Nn-®X - .v tIh-ek - u-µc- yhpw tIh-ea
- mb \∑bpw
A{]-k‡ - a- m-hp-Ibpw {]tbm-P\ - a
- qeyw am{Xw ta¬ss° t\Sp-Ibpw
sNøp∂ Cu hn]-cybw Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp∂p; \mƒ°p-\mƒ AXns‚
`oj-WX h¿≤n-®p-hc - n-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
CØcw {]mtbm-KnI kao-]\-߃°pw {]tbm-P-\-h-ZØn-\p-
sa√mw ]pd-Øm-bn-cp∂p As∂∂p Xs∂-b-√, F∂pw Ip´n-Iƒ.
dqt mtbmSpw thUvkvh¿Øn-t\m-Sp-sam∏w shdpsX Ip™p-ßsf
ssZh-⁄-cm-°p-I-b√ sshtem-∏n≈n. F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcp
kq£va-kw-L¿j-sØ, apXn¿∂-h-cpsS tem-Ihpw Ip´n-I-fpsS
temIhpw XΩn- e p≈ sshcp- ≤ ysØ, Hcp _me- a - c - W sØ
ap≥\n¿Øn Imhy-h¬°-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Im¬∏\n-
I-X-bpsS Ime-l-c-W-s∏´ Hc-h-in-„tam D—n-„tam H∂p-a√ CXv.
DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, Im¬∏-\n-I-X-bpsS adp-{[p-h-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-
62
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
≈p∂ t]m¿®p-K-ense alm-\mb Ihn, s^¿Wmt≠m s]t mh
Xs‚ "Aim-¥n-bpsS ]pkvXI'Ønsem-cnSØv Cßs\ \nco-£n-
°p-∂p.
"kz¿Æw kv^Sn-ItØ-°mƒ hne-]n-Sn-®-X√ Hcp Ip´n-°v.
icn°pw kv^Sn-I-sØ-b-t]-£n®v kz¿ÆØn-s\-¥m-sWmcp ta∑?
apXn¿∂-h-cpsS tN„-I-fn¬ ap{ZWw sN-ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ `b-Øn-
s‚bpw t{Im[-Øn-s‚bpw hnIm-cm-th-i-Øn-s‚bpw Akw-_-‘m-
fl-IX, Ahy-‡-am-bn-´m-sW-¶n-epw, Ip´n-Iƒ°p a\- n-em-Ipw.
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ \ΩpsS `bhpw hntZz-jhpw kvt\l-hp-sa√mw
hy¿∞hpw \nc¿∞-Ihpw Xs∂-bm-Wt√m?' CXv _mey-Øns‚
XØz-Nn-¥-bm-Wv. Cu XØz-Nn-¥-bp-sSbpw temI-t_m-[-Øn-
s‚bpw \ncm-k-am-Ip∂p Ip´nbn¬\n∂v apXn¿∂ a\p-jy-\n-te-
°p≈ ]cn-Wm-aw. _mey-Øns‚ ]fp-¶p-Iƒ ssIsh-Sn™v Ah≥
F{X- a m{Xw kz¿Ætam- l n- b m- I p- ∂ p- t hm, A{X- I ≠v Ah≥
apXn¿∂-h-\mbn KWn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Aßs\ _mey-
Øns‚ aqey-߃°v Xo¿Øpw \ne-\n¬∏n√mØ Hcp temI-ambn
amdp∂p \Ωp-tS-Xv. apXn¿∂-h-cp-tSXp am{X-amb Hcp temI-Øn-
emWv "_meniw' F∂Xv Hcp ]cn-lm-k-]-Z-ambn amdp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS
temI-t_m-[-hp-ambn, AXns‚ bp‡n-I-fp-ambn CW-ßmØ F¥n-
t\bpw \mw "_meniw' F∂v Fgp-XnØ-≈p-∂p.
AØ-c-samcp temI-Øns‚ anYym-Xz-Øn\p t\¿°p ]nSn®
IÆm-Sn-bmWv "amºg'Ønse inip-hns‚ ac-Ww. \ΩpsS aqey-
k-¶-ev]hpw Pohn-X-k-ao-]-\hpw F{X-am{Xw tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ \nd-
™-Xm-sW∂v, F{X Akw-_-‘hpw A]-cym-]vX-hp-am-sW∂v
AXp \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. Imbns‚ t]cn¬ am{Xw ]qhns\
aXn-°p-∂-h-cpsS temI-amWv apXn¿∂-h-cp-tS-Xv. Ah¿ amº-g-
Øns‚ t]cn¬ am{Xw ]q¶p-esb kvt\ln-°p∂p, ]q¶pe X√p∂
Ip-´nsb in£n-°p-∂p. _mey-Øns‚ "ac-X-I-°n-ßnWn'Ifn-√.
AXns‚ `mhn-hm-KvZm-\-amb "kuK-‘n-I-kz¿Æ'ØnemWv Ah-
cpsS t\m´w. F¥n-s\bpw (a-°-sf-bpw) kz¿Æ-am°n am‰m-\m-{K-
ln-°p∂ Hcp ambm-Zm-k≥ (Midas) ad™n-cn-°p∂p Hmtcm amXm-
]n-Xm-°-fnepw.
"Cu h√n-bn¬\n∂p sNtΩ ]q°ƒ
t]mIp-∂nXm ]d-∂tΩ!' F∂v Ip´n Ihn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ,
"sX‰n! \n\-°p-Æn, sNm√mw-˛-\¬˛
]qºm-‰-b-t√-bn-sX√mw' F∂v Ahs\/Ahsf Xncp-Øp∂ Ac-
kn-I-cmWv Hmtcm amXm-hpw, Hmtcm ]nXm-hpw. B Ac-kn-I-Xz-
Øns‚ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn¬, {]Xo-Im-fl-I-am-bn-s´-¶n-epw, l\n-°-s∏-Sp-
∂-h-\mWv Hmtcm iniphpw. AØ-c-samcp inip-hns‚ æm\-amb
63
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-amWv \Ωn-temtcmcpØcpw Pohn-°p-∂-sX∂pw
hcmw. Ihn-X-bnse amXm-hns\ am{Xambn Ip‰-hm-fn-bm-°p-I-b√
sshtem-∏n-≈n. Hmtcm a\p-jy-\nepw Pohn-°p∂ Hcp Ip‰-t_m-[-
Ønt\m Hcp \„-t_m-[-Ønt\m Hs° DNn-X-amb BhnjvI-c-W-
{]-Imcw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p amº-g-Øns‚ alm-I-hn.
aq∂v: amXm-hns‚ ]q¶p-bn¬
"amºg'Ønse inip ssZh-⁄¿ am{X-a-√, ssZhw Xs∂-bm-
sW∂v Ahs‚ ]q¶p-e-X-√-en-s\ kwkvIm-c-hn-cp-≤hpw kaq-l-
hn-cp-≤h
- p-am-sb-Æp∂ s{]m^. Fw.-F≥. hnP-b≥t]m-epw, Hcp thf,
kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ihn-X-bnse inip-hns\ ssZh-Xp-ey-\m°n
am‰p∂ I¬]\-Iƒ Ihn- Xs∂ Imhy-Øn¬ Aßnßv k∂n-th-
in-∏n-®n-´p-ap-≠v. "hcn-I, IÆm¬Im-Wm≥ høm-sØm-sc≥ IÆt\'
F∂v, ac-Wm-\-¥-cw, Xs‚ aIs\ £Wn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ Ipgn-
am-S-Øn¬ "Xmb-X≥ ss\th-Zy-'ambn sshInhoW amºgw ka¿∏n-
°p-Ibpw sNbvX "amºg'Ønse amXmhv as‰mcp btim-Z-bm-Wv.
Hmtcm iniph-pw amXm-hn-s\-°mƒ hen-b-h-\m-Wv, F∂pw amXm-
hns‚ ]cn-an-X-a-\p-jy-XzsØ Ihn-™p-b-cp∂ A]-cn-ta-b-X-bpsS
Hcwiw Hmtcm Ip´n-bnepw k∂n-ln-Xa - m-sW∂pw sshtem-∏n-≈nbpw
Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. hm°p-Iƒ Iq´n-s®m-√m≥ hømØ InSm-ß-tf,
ssZh- ⁄ - c t√m \n߃' F∂ hn\- b - Ø ns‚ A`m- h - a mWv
"amºg'Ønse AΩ-bpsS am{X-a-√, F√m AΩ-am-cp-sSbpw ]cm-
P-b-tl-Xp. "... amXm-hns‚ ]q¶p-bn¬ IqSpw-hn´p ]c-tem-I-sØ-
∏qIn' F∂ hcn-bn-eq-sS, ap≥s]∂ t]mse, C\nbpw Ae-k-ambn
IS-∂pt]mIm-\m-hn√ \ap-°v. amXr-hm-’ey-Øns‚ \oUw shdp-
samcp Xm¬°m-en-I-\oUw am{X-amWv Ipbn-en-\v, "amº-g'-Ønse
Ip´n-°p-a-tX. "]mcn-t\-°p-dn-®p-Zm-ko-\-\m-bn-cp∂p' "amºg-'-Ønse
inipac-W-tijw F∂-Xn-\¿∞w apXn¿∂-h-cp-tSXp am{X-amb Cu
temIw A{X-sbm∂pw BI¿j-I-ambn Ah\p tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂n√
F∂pw AXn-\m¬ Ipbn¬ AXns‚ Xm¬°m-en-I-\oUw F∂-
t]mse Ah≥ Cu temIw shSn™p F∂p-am-Wv. Hmtcm amXm-
hn- s \bpw btim- Z - b m°n am‰p∂, Ipbn- e ns‚ hf¿Ø- — t\m
hf¿Ø-Ωtbm am{X-amWv Im° F∂-Xp-t]mse F√m amXm-°-
sfbpw hf¿Ø-Ω-am-cmbn am‰p∂ ]cn-Wm-a-amWv "amºg'-Øn¬.
"Cu Ip´n-Iƒ \nß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv, F∂m¬ \nß-fp-tS-X√' F∂
Pn{_ms‚ ⁄m\\n¿`-c-amb samgn-Iƒ AZr-iy-am-bn, Hc-Ω-bpsS
IÆp-\o-cm¬, Ipdn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p "amºgw' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS
hcn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬.
\mev: \nXy-inip
"hm\-h¿°m-tcm-a-embv, ]mcn-s\-°p-dn-®p-Zm˛
64
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
ko\-\m-bv, {IoUm-c-k-eo\-\m-b-h≥ hmgvtI' F∂ CucSnsb
ap≥\n¿Øn, ]c-tem-I-Ønepw Xs‚ _meyw XpScp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p
"amºg-Ønse inip F∂v Cu Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xnb teJ-\-
Øn¬ \nco-£n-°p-∂p≠v I¬∏‰ \mcm-b-W≥. \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS
ITn-\-\n-¿_‘-߃°p hgßn _meyw XpS-cm-\m-hm-sX-t]mb Hcp
Ip´n-bpsS ]nW-ßn-∏n-cn-bens\°pdn-®mWv "amºgw' F∂ Ihn-
X. "amºgw s]dp-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ hcp-∂n√' F∂v Ah≥ ]d-bp-
∂-Xn-\¿∞w \nß-fpsS amº-gß - f
- n¬, apXn¿∂-hc
- psS temI-Øn¬
F\n°p Xmev]-cy-an√ F∂p Xs∂-bmWv apXn¿∂-h-cpsS temI-
Ønse ]pgp-°p-t؉ amºgwt]mse, ]nd-In-ep-t]-£n® hm\-h-
cpsS temI-tØbv°v Imbns‚ t]cn¬ am{Xw, ]qhns\ aXn-°p-
∂-h-cpsS tem-I-Øn\p ]pd-tØbv°v t]mhp-I-bmWv B inip.
AhnsS Ah≥ Xs‚ _meyw \n¿_m[w XpS-cp-Ibpw Aßs\
Xs‚ AΩ-sb-t∏mepw AXn-i-bn-°p∂ Hcp \nXy-iniphns‚ Aam-
\p-j-]-Zhn ssIh-cn-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \nXy-inip F∂Xv ]uc-
kvXy-flo-bX ssZhn-I-Xz-hp-ambn CW-°m-dp≈ Hcp k¶-ev]-am-
Wv. apXn¿∂-h-cpsS aqey-hy-h-ÿ-tb-°mƒ Db¿∂, kz—-µ-amb
Hcp aqey-k-¶¬∏-amWv _mey-Øn¬ Dƒt®¿∂n-cn°p-∂Xv F∂-
Xn-\m¬ AØ-c-samcp inip-hn\v A-Xn-Po-hn-°m-\m-hmØ temI-
ambn amdp∂p \-Ωp-tSXv. HSphn¬ ac-W-Øn-eqsS am{Xw km[y-am-
Ip∂ B inip-hns‚ "hnNn{XhnPb'sØ°p-dn-®mWv "amºgw'
F∂ Ihn-X. ]mXn-bn¬ \ne-®p-t]mb a\p-jy-Xz-amWv \Ωp-tS-
sX-∂v, {IoUm-c-k-tem-ep-]-Xz-Øns‚ ÿm\w Iø-S-°p∂ {]tbm-
P-\-hmZ-Øns‚ Pohn-X-k-ao-]-\-amWv \Ωp-tS-sX∂v \nc-¥-c-ambn
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv "amºg'Øns‚ Imem-Xo-X-amb hiy-
Xbv°p \nZm-\w. \Ωp-sS-sbms° ap‰-ß-fn¬ Bkz-Zn-°-s∏-Sm-sX,
A\m-Y-ambn hoWp-In-S-°p∂ "Zpcn-X-^ew t]mse'bp≈ PohnXw
F∂ amº-g-sØ-bm-WXp Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xv.
]n≥Ip-dn∏v
Hcp ]s£ sshtem-∏n≈n "amºg-'-Øn¬ hnS¿Øn°m´nb
]q¶p-e-bn¬ \n∂v ]cm-KWw kw`-hn-®-sX∂p hnNm-cn-°m-hp∂ Hcp
anI® sNdp-I-Ybpw ]n¬°mew ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. F≥.-
F-kv.am[-hs‚ "ImWn'-bmWv B sN-dp-I-Y.
65
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

`mhn-bn-te-bv°p≈ hgn
APbv ]n.-aß
- m´v
"l¥, ]g-In-b-ioew t]msemcp _‘-\-apt≠m
temI-Øn¬?' F∂p sshtem-∏n≈n tNmZn-®Xp Ihn-
I-fpsS ioe-ß-sfIqSn Dt±in-®m-Wv. `qX-Im-em-cm-[-
\-bpsS Imhy-I¬]-\-I-fn-emWp ]e-t∏mgpw Ihn-
I-fpsS hmkw. kpJ-`m-h-\-I-fn¬ can-°p∂ CØcw
DZm-ko-\X- I
- sf \ncm-Ic- n-°p-sºmgpw Ihn-Xs
- b-°mƒ
henb Hcp kvt\lsØ kzoI-cn-°m≥ sshtem-
∏n≈n Hcp-°-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. "Hcp N°p-Imf X≥ Ign-
®n-en≥ \c-IØ - n¬\n-s∂s∂°mØp-\o,bkp-µc \c-
l-Xy-bn¬\n∂pw Bfll-Xy-bn¬\n∂pw!' F∂
\µn-hmIyw Ihn-X-bv°m-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, IhnX
sIm≠v B¿°mWp KpWw? as‰√mw Dt]-£n®v
]n∂mse t]mIm≥hn[w F¥p t{ijvT-X-bm-W-Xn-
\p-≈Xv? Cu tNmZy-߃°v DØ-c-sa-gp-X¬ Imhy-
Po-hn-X-Ønse auen-I_-m-[y-X-bm-bn-´mWp sshtem-
∏n≈n I≠-Xv.
cm{„o-b-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf {]Jym-]n-°p∂ ]e Ihn-
X-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-tºmgpw Ihn-bpsS hy‡n-k-Øbpw
kmaq-ln-I-D-Ø-c-hmZnØhpw XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jw
Hgn-™p-t]m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Im-Wp∂X√ bYm¿∞-ap-J-
66
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
sa∂ hnNmcw sshtem-∏n-≈n-°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. kmaq-ln-I-am-‰-ß-
fpsS Ip-sØm-gp-°-n\p ap∂n¬ hnlz-e-\mb Ihn "bm{¥nI ]cn-
jvIm-c-lp-¶mc{`m¥n-se≥ kzcw tN¿∂-c-bm-tX, ]mS-te, tZh-]m-
X-bn¬ ]mSn-∏m-Sn-b-ßs\ ]md-te, Imayw! F∂m-in-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
PmXn-L-S-\-sbbpw \mSp-hm-gn-Ø-sØbpw \ncm-I-cn--°p-tºm-gpw,
]n≥hm-ßp∂ ]g-b-Im-e-Øns‚ B¿{Z-X-Ifpw kvt\l-ßfpw
Ct∏m-gn-s√∂ taml-`wKw Ihnsb ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p-≠v. am‰-Øn-\p-
th-≠n-bp≈ Zmlw AS-ßp-∂n-√, am‰-Øn\p hg-ßmØ k¶¬]-
ß-sf√mw D≈n¬ \odp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu sshcp-≤y-sØ-∏‰n
t_m[y-ap-≈-Xn-\m-emWv D-Zm-ko-\-amb kz]v\-ß-fn¬ A¿Y-an-
s√∂p sshtem-∏n-≈n°p tXm∂n-b-Xv. Xs‚ IhnX Ipeo-\-amb
I≈-am-I-cp-Xv. AXp thdn-´p-tIƒ°-Ww. CXmWp s\©p-Io-dn-
bmepw t\cp Is≠-Øntb ]‰q F∂ \n›-b-Øn-te°p Ihnsb
sIm-≠p-t]m-b-Xv. Ihn-bnse hna¿i-I≥ Icp-Øp-t\-Sp-∂-Xns‚
e£-Wam-bn-cp∂p AXv.'
Np‰-p-]mSpItfm-Sp≈ \nkw-K-Xbpw au\hpw A\o-Xn-bm-Wv.
{i≤n®p t\m°n-bm-e-dn-bmw. PmXn-L-S-\-bv°p-≈n-emWp Imhy-Po-
hnXw G‰hpw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cp-∂-sX-∂v. AhnsS Ihn-tbmSv Hcp
kmaq-ln-I-D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Bcpw ]d-™n-cp-∂n-
√. F∂m¬, B[p-\nI \mK-cn-I-Xbpw b{¥-ßfpw B[n-]Xyw
t\Sn-b-t∏mƒ AXp-hsc hy‡n-bpsS A`-b-am-bn-cp∂ ]mc-º-cy-
k-t¶-X-ß-fmWv Zp¿-_-e-am-b-Xv. "F¥p-hn-e-bm-Wn-±n-°n-en-Øncn
t\c-Øn\pw!' F∂p Ihn Aº-c-°p-∂p. ChnsS ]gb hnIm-c-
߃ am{X-a-√, AXp-≠m-°nb Imhy-k-¶¬]-ßfpw A\m-Y-am-
bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Ipeo-\X `mhn®p Ihn FhnsS \n¬°p-∂p, BcpsS
`mh-\-bmWv Ihn-sb-gp-Xp-∂Xv Fs∂√mw tNmZy-߃ tIƒ°m≥
XpSßn: "I\n-hns‚ I\n-hns‚ IÆp-\o¿ Ie-cmØ Ic-fns‚
Ihn-X-bn-sXm-s°bpw I]-S-at√? F∂ hna¿i-\-tØmsS IhnX-
bpsS Dt±-iy-ip-≤n-bmWp {][m-\-sa-∂m-bn. D≈n¬Øs∂ Np‰n-
°-d-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw ]pdtØ°p t]mIm≥ Ihn \n¿_-‘n-X-
\m-Ip-I-bm-Wv. Cßs\ ]pd-tØ-°p≈ hgn-I-fn¬, AI-a-dn-bp∂
ImgvN-I-fmbn sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hn-X-bn-se-ºmSpw: hoSn-\p-]p-d-tØ-
°v, ]mS-tØ-°v, ]d-ºn-te°v Ahn-sS-bp≈ a\p-jy-cn-te°p
t\m°p-tºmƒ:
"hnkva-b, aXm Np-‰nepw aÆn≥˛
hnkvXr-X-iva-im-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw
\qWp s]m¥p∂p ]¥-hp-ta¥n
Rm\-dn-bp-thm¿, Rm\-dn-bm-tØm¿.
Cu ]¥-߃ Hcn-°¬ henb {]Xo-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp Imhp-
67
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Isfbpw sIm´m-c-ß-sfbpw am{X-a√, `mh-\-bpsS FSp-∏p-I-sfbpw
Fcn-®p-I-f-™n-cp-∂p. Np‰pw "`qX-h¿Ø-am-\-߃X≥ KqV t{]X-
im-e-X-∂-ÿn-IqS'ßfm-sW-s∂-gp-Xnb sshtem-∏n≈n kmaq-ln-
I-am-‰ß
- t- fmSp Xpd∂ klm-\p-`qXn {]I-Sn-∏n-®t- ∏mgpw ]g-bs - X√mw
X®p-S-bv°p∂ hnπ-h-co-Xn-ItfmSv Iog-S-ßn-b-Xp-an-√. cmjv{So-bhpw
Imhy-`m-h-\bpw XΩn-ep≈ Dc-k-ep-I-sfbpw `n∂-X-I-sfbpw adn-
I-S°
- m-\p≈ Xo{h-{i-aa - m-bn-cp∂p AXn-\m¬ Ihn-Xb - n¬ \S-∂X- v.
sshcp-≤y-ßsf ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp∂ Hcp ka-NnØX Ihn B{K-
ln-®n-cp-∂p. ]gb {]nb-ßsf Dt]-£n-°m-sX-Xs∂ ]pXnb Ime-
Øns‚ Bi-bß - t- fmSp tN¿∂p-t]m-Im≥ Ign-bptam? BVy-Ih - n-
X-bpsS {]tem-`\ - ß
- sf sNdp-°p-Ibpw Ihn-Xb - psS hymP-{]-Xn-—m-
b-Isf \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ, Ihnsb hnπ-h-hm-bm-Sn-
bmbn Nne-sc-¶nepw sX‰n-≤c - n-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, IpsØm-gp-°p-\n-
d™ B¥-cn-I-{]-hm-l-ambn cm-{„obmZ¿-ihpw Imhy-`m-h-\bpw
Ihn-bn¬ kwK-an-®XpsIm≠mWv B[p-\n-I-\m-K-cn-I-X, cm{„o-b-
hn-πhw, {]iv\Z- m-ºX - yw, \„-Zm-ºXyw XpS-ßnb a\p-jym-hÿ - I - -
sf√mw sshtem-∏n-≈n-bn¬ Imhym-flI - k
- w-hm-Za
- m-bX- v.
"kmhn{Xn' F∂ IhnX Xm≥ Ihn-bmbn XpS-cp-∂-Xns‚ kXy-
hm-Mvaq-e-am-Wv. "arXyp-hn-∂n-cp-Iƒs°-´n¬, s]m¬°-Xn¿ XqIpw,
[¿Ω-[o-cbmw kmhn{Xn'bpsS IY Ip´n-°m-eØv A—-\mWp
Ihn°p ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. AIm-e-Øn¬ acn® `¿Øm-hns\
hos≠-Sp-°m≥ ac-W-Øns‚ ASp-°-te°p t]mIp-∂-h-fmWv
kmhn-{Xn. ac-W-hp-ambn kwhmZw \SØn Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns\ Xncn-
®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-h-fpsS IY A—s‚ sh-‰ne aW-°p∂ ssII-
fpsS kvac-W-Iƒs°m∏w _meyw apX¬t° D≈n-ep-d-™-Xm-
Wv. buh-\-Øn¬, Xt‚Xp lmw-e-‰ns‚ Ah-ÿ-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
Ihn Hm¿°p-∂p-≠v. A—s\ Dt]-£n® AΩ as‰m-cmsf hcn-®p.
Xs∂-°m-Wm≥ hgn-bn¬ Xs∂ ImØp-\n¬°p∂ A—s‚ thZ-
\-Iƒ. ss\cm-iy-Øn\pw ac-W-Nn-¥-bv°p-an-S-bn¬ BSn-\n∂
ITn\Imew. Hcp s]¨_-‘-Øns‚ t]cn¬, am\-lm\n `b∂p
Poh-s\m-Sp-°m-\mbn ]pd-s∏´ Ihnsb c£n-°p-∂Xp kmhn-{Xn-
bm-Wv. Ahƒ Ihn-X-bm-Wv. kJn-bm-Wv, {]W-bn-\n-bm-Wv. a\p-
jy-\-∑-bn¬ hnizmkw \„-am-bn, AΩ-tbm-Sp-t]mepw Ibv]p-tXm-
∂n, kaq-l-tØmSp apJw Xncn-®p-\n∂ Ihnsb c£n-®Xp {]Xy-
b-im-kv{X-a-√. Ihn-X-bm-Wv. Xs∂ ac-W-Øn¬\n∂p Xn-cn-®p-
sIm≠-ph∂ Cu Ihn-X-bmWv bYm¿∞-Im-an-\n. "AIta ]cn-
Wmaw hcp-Øn, kzmÿyw \c¿°-cp-fm≥ I-hnX t]m¬ a‰pt≠m
ip{iq-jI?' F∂ Is≠Ø-en¬ at‰-Xn\pw aosX Imhy-`mh-\-
bpsS Hu∂-Xy-amWp {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xv.
68
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Cu Imhy-`m-h-\bv°v `qX-Im-esØ A{X thK-Øn-sem∂pw
Isøm-gn-bm-\m-In-√. F∂n´pw Im¬-]-\nI {Kmao-W-Xbpw Krlm-
Xp-cX
- zhpw IqSn-∏n-W™ s]mXp-Im-hy-ioe-ßf - n¬\n∂pw sshtem-
∏n≈n Xs‚ Imhy-tem-IsØ th-dn´p tIƒ∏n-®-sX-ß-s\-bmWv?
]n.Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-bsc tamlm-‘-\m-°nb b{¥-c-ln-X-amb {Kmao-
WX sshtem-∏n-≈n-bn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp I-hnsb tamln-∏n-
°p-Ibpw H‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. Cu H‰-s∏-S-en¬\n∂v
\mK-cn-I-X-bpsS Du‰Øn-te°v, cm-{„o-b-kw-L-i-‡n-bpsS {]hm-
l-Øn-te°v ebn-°m≥ Ihn Hcp-ßp-tºm-gmWv ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚
thcp-Iƒ s]m´p-∂-Xv. `qX-Imew \S-∂p-Xo-cm-Ø-Xv, apßns®√m-
\m-hm-Ø-Xv˛AXn-te°v aS-ßm-\mWp Pzcw. ]n.Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-
b¿ Ahn-sS-\n∂p aSßnsb-Øn-b-tX-bn-√. {Kma-tam-ln-X-\mbn ]n.
hoWp-t]m-sb-¶n¬, sshtem-∏n≈n {KmasØ Iodn-ap-dn°p-I-bmWp
sNbvX-Xv. AhnsS k¿ssh-iz-cy-sam-∂p-an-s√∂pw B {Kmao-W¿
]c-a-Zcn-{Z-\m-sW∂pw Ihn ]d-™p. Ip´n-Iƒ ]q s]dp-°p-∂Xp
]q°-f-an-Sm-\-√, AXp hn‰m¬ In´p∂ \mW-b-Øp-´p-Iƒ°p-th-
≠n-bm-Wv. k¿-∏-°mhv F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-t\m-∑p-J-
amb `mh\ Xo{h-`mhw ssIh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. PmXo-b-X-bp-sSbpw
A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw Po¿W-Xsb {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂p
k¿∏-°m-hnse Ccp-´v. "A‘-X-bn¬ IpSn-h-®p-s]-cp-sØmcp tZh-
X-am-tc, \nßsS ]mS-em¬ -s\m¥p sRcßo am\-h-Po-hn-Xw, A·n
sIm-fp-Øp-I-bmbn R߃!' F∂ hcn-Iƒ 1952˛ segp-Xn-b-Xm-
Wv. Ct∏mƒ Imhp-Isf kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ {]Nm-cWw \m´n¬
\S-°p-tºm-gmWv \mw ho≠pw hmbn-°p-∂-Xv. Ac \q‰m-≠n-\p-ti-
jw, Hcn-°¬ Po¿W-X-bpsS {]-Xo-I-am-bn-cp∂ B Imhp-I-sf√mw
]cn-ÿn-X-{]m-[m\yw t\Sn {]nb-¶-c-am-b-sX-ß-s\-bmWv? sshtem-
∏n-≈nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw k¿∏-°mhv Hcp `q{]-tZ-i-a-√, IS-
∂p-t]mb ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ ]mºpd am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ PU-
Xzhpw Po¿W-Xbpw ]I¿∂ A‘-X-bn-te-°mWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-
bpsS ]¥w Pzen-®-Xv. tIh-e-Zpx-J-tam Krlm-Xp-c-Xtbm aq¿—n®p
InS-°mØ Ihn-°v, Imhy-c-N\ kw_-‘n® \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ ZrV-
am-bn-cp∂p:
"tIh-e-samcp ambm-a-bq-c˛
Øqh-em-°p-h-sX-¥n-s\≥ Xqh¬?
B hgn-°Xp hogvhXn≥ ap≥s]≥
Poh-tim-Wn-X-k-Xy-aq-ds´!'
F∂p-d-∏n-°p∂ Hcmƒ°-dnbmw ]oUnX a\p-jys‚ apt∂‰w
BscbmWv Ae-tkm-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂v. (Im-hp-Iƒs°-∂-√, ]mc-
º-cy-Øns‚ Hcp tijn-∏n\pw Xo hbv°m≥ C\n-bm-In-s√∂p \ap-
69
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
°-dn-bmw, sshtem-∏n≈n I≠ Ccpƒ Ct∏m-gp-ap-s≠-¶n-epw) PmXn-
°-Iw, Krlm-Xp-c-X-Iƒ°Iw `{Z-am-bn-cp∂ Ihn-I-fp-sSbpw Im-
hym- k zm- Z - I - c p- s Sbpw kzmÿyw Ime- { ]- h m- l - Ø m¬ thcn-
fInt∏mIp-∂-XmWv Ihn I≠Xv: "{Iqc-Zm-cp-W-`m-j-bn¬, I¿-a-
[oc tIh-e-a¿Xy-N-cn{Xw!' F∂ hnkvabw ]gb B[m-c-߃
_m°n-h-bv°m-Ø, ]gb PmXo-b-L-S-\sb s]m-fn® kmaq-ln-I-
am-‰-ß-tfm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. "bpK-]-cn-h¿Ø\w' F∂
Ihn-X-bn¬ ]pXnb a\p-jy-\m-bn-Øo-cm-\p≈ shº-ep-Iƒ°n-S-
bnepw C∂se hsc Xe-XmgvØn \n∂ Iogm-f-cpsS ap„n-Np-cp-´-
ep-Iƒ Ihnsb sR´n-∏n°p-∂p-≠v. Chn-sS-bmWv s]mbvt∏mb Ime-
Øns‚ GIm-¥-X-bn¬ Ihnbpw s]´p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv:
"C∂p \mta-Im-¥-X˛
bn¶-em,Wp-d-a™p
h∂p _‘n-®-Xp-t]mse
lrZbw ac-hn∏q
B ac-hn-∏n¬aotX
Nhn-´n-ap-t∂-dp∂p
\ma-dn-bm-tØm¿
\Ω-sf-b-dn-bm-tØm¿.'
C{]-Imcw henb a\p-jy-{]-hm-l-Øn\p \Sp-hn¬ X\n-®m-Ip-
tºmƒ, Ncn-{XsØ P-bn-°-m≥ hy‡n-bpsS C„m-\n-„-߃°m-
hn-s√∂ t_m[y-amWv Hcmsf Ihn-X-tbmSp IqSp-X-e-Sp-∏n-°p-∂-
Xv. N{I-hm-f-Øn-te°p t\m°p-I. `mhn ASp-Ø-√, AI-se-bm-
Wv. {]fbk-am-\-amb Cu h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-\p-a-∏p-dw. hoSphn-
´n-d-ßnb Ihn°p Xncn-®p-sN-√m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. "IÆo¿∏mSw'
{]iv\-Zm-º-XysØ hnNmcW sNøp-∂Xv hoSn-\-I-Ø-√, ]pd-Øm-
Wv. {]f-b-Øn\p \-Sp-hn¬, "Ipcp∂p Rm-dn≥ ]®-Ø-e∏pw hc-
ºns‚ Rc-ºp-a-√m-sX-√m-˛-am-≠p-\n¬°p∂ \o‰n¬'. Hcp sh≈-
°p-Øn\v A°sc IS-°m-\m-hm-sX, kvt\l-ssh-Ir--X-ß-fm¬ ]c-
kv]cw t\mhn-°p-∂-h¿. Cßs\ H‰-bm-bvØo-cp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Hcn-
°epw XΩn¬ I≠p-ap-´m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p t`Zw F∂p-hsc
Ihn hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kvt\l-]-cm-P-b-Øns‚ Cu Zb-\o-b-X-
bn¬, Ahsc t\m°n ]mS-Øn≥ Ic-bn¬ I√p-t]m-en-cn-°p∂ Hcp
sNdp-°-\p≠v. Ah-s\-∏-‰n, "F{X \n¿hn-Im-cao ]pXpXmw Xe-
apd' F∂ tJZ-amWv Ihn-°v. F¥mWv Cu {]f-b-Øns‚ kqN\?
]pXnb -X-e-ap-d-bpsS \n¿-hn-Im-c-X, amdp∂ Ime-Øns‚ \n¿hn-
Im-cX F∂mtWm \mw hmbn-°pI? C∂se hsc \√-Xmbn
tXm∂nb F√m-‰n-s\bpw {]f-b-Øns‚ GIm-¥X hngp-ßp∂p:
"Ipgn- ® p- I p- g n®p \ma- \ n- „ - k v a r- X n- I ƒ X∂- g p°p ]c- X n- s ®-
70
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
s∂Øp∂p \c-I-Øn¬'. Cu IÆo¿]m-S-Øn¬, `mcy-bpsS `mh-
\m-iq-\y-Xsb ]cn-l-kn-°p∂ Ihn ]t£, km[m-c-W-a-\p-jy¿
Zmº-Xy-Øn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ klnjvWpXtbm klm-\p-`q-Xntbm
X\n-°n-s√∂ Imcyhpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. \c-I-Øn¬\n∂p Xncn-
s®- Ø m- \ p≈ am¿Kw Ah- c p- t S- X m- W v . CXp sshtem- ∏ n≈n
Bh¿Øn-°p∂ Pohn-X-ho-£-W-am-Wv. GXp {]bm-k-߃°pw
\Sphnepw Pohn-tX-—sb apdp-sI-]n-Sn-°m\pw {]Xym-i-tbmsS
apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im\pw t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp B¥-cn-I-i‡n {Kmao-W-
cpsS Pohn-X-Øn-\p-s≠∂ t_m[yw:
"\n߃ Xm\-h, cn∂-sØ-∏m-´n¬˛
\n∂p `n∂-a-√-s∂gpw Km\w'
F∂ {]i-kvX-amb hcn-I-fn-eqsS B[p-\n-tI-X-c-amb Hcp tIc-
fo-b-{Km-ao-W-X-bpsS aqey-k-¶¬]-ßsf `mhn-bn-te-°p≈ Znimkq-
N-nI-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\mWp Ihn {ian-®-Xv. ]g-b-Im-e-Øns‚
Ccp-fn¬-\n∂v ]pXnb Ime-Øn-te°p k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ, hgn-hn-f-
°p-Iƒ ]g-b-Im-e-Øn¬\n-∂p-h-cp-sa-∂Xv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS
k¶¬]-am-bn-cp-∂p. "s]mbvt∏mb Ime-ta, F∂n-sem-fn∏q \o
sI¬t∏m-sS≥ `mhn-sb-bm-t«-jn-∏m≥' F∂ {]-Xym-isb Ihn-X-
bn-eqsS D÷z-en-∏n-°m-\m-Ip-sa-∂mWp Ihn hniz-kn-®-Xv. \m\m-
Pm-Xn-°mcpw aX-°mcpw H-cp-an®p Pohn®p t]m∂ tIc-f-Øn\v Hcp
s]mXpkwkvIm-c-ap-≠v. `n∂-X-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw Hcp-an®p Pohn-°m-
\p≈ kl-\-i-‡n-bm-W-Xv. Cu \∑Iƒ t]mb-Im-e-Øns‚
DZmcXI-fm-bn-cp-∂p. `qX-Im-e-k-ar≤n Hcp I-f-hm-bn-cn-°mw. shdpw
In\m-hp-I-fm-bn-cn-°mw. ]mc-º-cyhpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw XΩn¬
t\cn´p Ie-ln-°p∂ kµ-¿-`ßfnepw km[m-cWa\p-jys‚ \n¿`-
b-Xz-amWv Ihn°p {]tNm-Z-\w. Ime-{]-hm-l-Øn\p ap∂n¬ Ihn-
sb-t∏mse B a\p-jy¿ CS-dn-ho-gp-∂pan√:
"Hs°-bp-ap-≈n-sem-Xp-°p-thm-cm-Wn-h¿,
HØ a\p-jy¿, De¿∂p Pohn-°p-thm¿,
k¿h-`-b-Øn≥ apJ-Ønepw Xmw_q-e˛
N¿hW-tim-Wamw \nµ-sb-Øp-∏p-thm¿...
kmaq-ln-I-am-‰-߃°p ap∂n¬ Nph-Sp-d-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-
h¿°v s]mSp-∂s\ X߃ ]g-©-∑mcmbn-Øo¿∂-h-cm-sb∂p
tXm∂pw. "sskzc-Po-hnXw Xmfhpw ebhpw t]mbv' F∂p k¶-S-
s∏-Sp-∂h -- ¿°v Hm¿a-Iƒ aqfp-sam-c-g-In¬ ebn-®n-cns° In´p∂ a[p-
cm-kzmÿyw {]nb-s∏-´-Xm-W-t√m. `mh-\bv°pw bmYm¿∞y-Øn-
\p-an-S-bn¬ Cßs\ tXßn\n¬°p--tºm-gmWv Ihn a\p-jy-cpsS
{]Xym-i-bnepw C—m-i-‡n-bnepw hnizmkw tXSp-∂-Xv.
"t]mb-Xn¬\n,-∂n-\n-sbt∂m hncn-bp˛
71
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 ∂mb-Xn-te°p IpXn-°p-I-bm-Wn˛
∂mbX hnizk-sØmSp RßsS
`mkp-c-Nn-¥m-k-¶-ev]-߃...'
Cu k¶ev]w apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cpambn ]¶n-Sm-\p≈ Pm{K-X-
bmWp sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hn-X-bnse Pohn-X-t{]-asØ _e-ap-≈-
Xm-°n-b-Xv.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]®
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS cN-\-I-fnse lcnXl¿jw
Sn.-Sn. {]`m-Ic
- ≥

1
tIhew a¨Xp-cp--ºn¬ InS∏q
tZh-temIw Xpd-∂nSpw Xmt°m¬
IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬
A©p cwK-߃ am{X-ap≈ Hcp sIm®p-\m-S-I-
amWv sshtem-∏n≈n Fgp-Xnb Eiyirw-K≥. Eiy-
irw-Ks‚ IY alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-
Wv. {]Jym-X-amb Eiy-irw-tKm-]m-Jym\w GXm≠v
AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ]n¥p-Sc - p-Ib- mWv sshtem-∏n≈n
Xs‚ \mS-I-Øn¬. Cu \mS-I-Ønepw ]e Ihn-X-
I-fnepw Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]®-∏n-t\mSv At±lw ImWn-
°p∂ B`n-apJyw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
AwK-cm-PyØv ag s]øn-°m≥ A\w-K-cm-Pm-hn-s\-
bmWv Iq´p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv. s]¨aW-a-dn-™n-´n-√mØ
Eiy-irw-Ks\ c≠p thi-s∏¨sImSn-Isf hn´v hio-
I-cn®v AwK-cm-Py-Øn-se-Øn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ
cmPm-hmb tema-]m-Zs‚ aIƒ im¥sb At±-l-
Øn\v thfn- I - g n- ® p- s Im- S p- ° p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p.
AtXmsS DjvW-X-]vX-amb `qan-bn¬ taL-߃
h¿jn-®p. Dujc `qan D¿∆-c-bm-bn. ]pcp-j˛{]IrXn
72 73
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
kwtbmKw Xs∂.
Eiy-irw-K≥ F∂ sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS \mS-I-Øn¬ {]a-Z,
aRvP-cn, F∂o thi-s∏¨sIm-Sn-Ifpw Nmc-\mb ehw-K-\p-amWv
H∂mw cwK-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ImSns‚ at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw
h\y-X-bp-amWv {]a-Z-bp-sSbpw aRvP-cn-bp-sSbpw kw`m-j-W-Øn¬
BZyw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. kv{Xohn-tZzjn F∂p tIƒhn-tI´ hn`-
fi- I - s \- t ∏mepw kz¥w kuµ- c yw- s Im≠p Pbn- ° m- s a∂
hnizmkw {]a-Z-bpsS hm°p-I-fn-ep-≠v. X]- n¬ a\- p-d-bv°m-
\m-bn-´m-Wt√m a\p-jy-k-º¿°w t]mepw Eiy--irw-K-\v, hn`mfi-
I≥ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xv. {]a-Z-bpsSbpw aRvP-cn-bpsSbpw kw`m-j-
W-Øn¬ AΩ-s]‰ aI-\√ Eiy--irw-K≥ F∂- h-kvXpX IS∂p
hcp-∂p. am\mWv Eiy--irw-Ks‚ AΩ. alm-`m-cXw h\-]¿∆-Øn¬
]d-bp∂ Eiy--irw-Ks‚ IY Cß-s\-bm-Wv: Hcp Znhkw tZh-k-
Ω-X\pw Imiy-]-\p-amb hn`-fi-I≥ Hcp henb XSm-I-Øn¬
sN∂p Ipsd \mƒ X]- p-sN-bvXp. Aßs\ hf-sc-\mƒ At±lw
ITn-\-{iaw XpS¿∂p. Hcp Znhkw A]vk-c- mb D¿∆-insb I≠-
t∏mƒ Ah\p ip¢w {khn-®p. Pe-Øn-emWv {khn-®-Xv. Hcp
am≥t]S Zmln-®p-h∂v DSs\ sh≈w IpSn-®-t∏mƒ ip¢w Ah-
fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-®p. AXp k¥m-t\m-ev]m-Z-\-£-a-amb
K¿`-am-bn. ]≠v Ah-sfmcp tZh-I\ - y-Ib
- m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-tfmSv temI-
I¿Øm-hmb {_“mhv C{]-Imcw ]d-™n-´p≠mbn-cp-∂p. "tl,
tZh-I\y! \o am≥ t]S-bmbn Hcp ap\nsb {]k-hn-®-tijw ap‡-
bmIpw' F∂v. Atam-L-amb hn[n-hm-°p-aq-ehpw `mhn-ssZ-th-—-aq-
ehpw B am≥t]-S-bn¬ Ah\v Hcp ]p{X≥ P\n-®p. Xt]m-\n-Xy-
\mbn Eiy--irw-K≥ h\-Øn¬ Xs∂ hkn-®p. B -irjn°p Xe-
bn¬ -irwKw (sIm-ºv) apf-®p. AXp-sIm≠v Eiy--irw-K≥ F∂
t]cpw Ah\p e`n-®p. (hym-k-a-lm-`m-cXw KZyw ˛ hnZzm≥ sI.-{]-
Im-iw). C°Y kvacn®v "hnc-‡-∑m¿°v Cß-s\-bmWv ]‰pI'
F∂v Ifn-bm-°n-∏-d-bp-∂p≠v {]a-Z. Pohn-X-tØm-Sp≈ BI¿j-
Whpw kuµ-cyhpw a\p-jy-kvt\-lhpw hnc-‡n-tbmSpw X]- n-
t\m-Sp-ap≈ shdp∏pw {]a-Z-bn¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂p. "k¿∆-kwK]cn-
Xym-Kn-bmb Hco-iz-c-`-‡≥' F∂v aRvPcn hn`-fi-Is\ ]cm-a¿in-
°p-tºmƒ "Cuiz-c-`-‡-\mb a\p-jy-tZzjn' F∂v {]aZ AXp
Xncp-Øp-∂p-≠v.
Cu a\p-jy-tZz-j-tØbpw PohnXhnc-‡n-tb-bp-amWv {]a-Zbpw
aRvP-cnbpw t\cn-Sp-∂-Xv. hn`-mfiI al¿jn Imas\ _ln-jv°-
cn® B h\-Øn-te-°mWv A\w-K-cm-Pm-hns‚ (Aw-K-cm-Pm-hn-s‚-
bpw) ZqXn-I-fmbn {]a-Zbpw aRvP-cn-bp-sa-Øp-∂-Xv. Ccp-]-sØm-
∂p-h¿jw kv{XoapJw ImWmsX hf¿∂ Eiy--irw-K-s\-bmWv
74
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Imiy-]-hn-`-mfi-I≥ Adn-bmsX tema-]m-Zs‚ AwKcmPy-Øn-
te°p Iq´n-s°m-≠p-h-cm≥ Ah¿ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-Xv. X]-kzn-I-
fpsS X]-»-‡nsb sh√p∂ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS apgp-h≥ X]xi-‡nbpw
s]Æns‚ ISm-£-Øn\p ]n∂n-ep-s≠∂v {]aZ hmZn-°p-∂p-≠v.
AwK-cm-PyØv ag s]øn-°pI F∂ D¬Ir-„-amb Dt±-iy-Øn-\m-
bn-´mWv Ah¿ B ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xv. AwK-cm-Pm-hns‚ ZqXn-I-
sf∂ \ne-bnep≈ Ah-cpsS ZuXyw AXm-sW-¶n¬ AXn-s\-°m-
tfsd henb ZuXy-amWv A\w-K-cm-Pm-hns‚ ZqXn-I-sf∂ \ne-
bn¬ X߃°p \n¿∆-ln-°m-\p-≈-sX∂v {]aZ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-
≠v. "Eiy-irw-Ks\ a\p-jy-tem-I-tØ°p hos≠-Sp°pI' F∂-
XmWv B ZuXyw. aÆp-am-{X-a√ a\p-jy-a-\ pw ico-chpw D¿∆-
chpw B¿{Z-hp-am-°pI F∂-Xm-Wn-Xns‚ AI-s∏m-cpƒ.
2
sXß-Wn-Ø-W-em¿∂n-h¿ Xoc˛
Øßp IqSn-°-gn-™nSpw {Kmaw,
\nXyhpw PohnXw hnX-tb‰n
arXyp sImøpw hnim-eamw ]mSw
˛I∂n-s°mbvØv
c≠mw cwK-Øn¬ Eiy-irw-K-s\, {]a-Zbpw aRvP-cnbpw kµ¿
in®pIgn-™-Xn-\p-tijw B{i-a-ØnseØp∂ hn`-mfi-I\pw
Eiy-irw-K-\p-am-bp≈ apJm-ap-J-am-Wv. Eiy-irw-Ks‚ a´pw amXn-
cnbpw Nn¥m-aq-V-X-sa√mw I≠pw tI´pw hn`-fi-I\v kwKXn
GXm≠v Duln-°m≥ km[n-®p. Eiy-irw-K≥ Aev]m-ev]-ambn
Imcy-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn¬ \n∂,v \S∂ kw`-
h- ß - s f- ∏ ‰n a\-   n- e m- ° nb hn`- m fi- I ≥ AhnsS h∂- h sc
Xnc™v Cd-ßp-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\p-apºv Xß-fpsS ]q¿∆n-Isc ImWn-
®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p≠v Eiy-irw-K-\v. ]¿∆-X-in-J-c-ß-fn-tebv°v Ib-
dn-t∏m-Ip∂ Zo¿L-Im-b∑ - m-cmb Ejn-Iƒ. PSm-he- v°e- ß
- fpw Zfip-
Ifpw [cn-®-h¿ taL-am¿§-Nm-cn-Iƒ.
aq∂mw cwKhpw \S-°p-∂Xv Imiy-]m-{i-am-¶-W-Øn¬ Xs∂-
bm-Wv. Eiy-irw-K-s\-tØSn ho≠p-sa-Øp∂ {]a-Zbpw aRvP-cnbpw
ap\n-Ip-am-cs\ ]m´n-em°n sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-W-Xn¬ Nn{Xo-I-
cn-®n-´p-≈X - v. ASp-Øc- wKw \S-°p-∂Xv Hcp Irjn-hm-SØ - n-∂c
- n-Inse
hgn-b-º-e-Øn-em-Wv. {]a-Zbpw aRvP-cnbpw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-j-
W-amWv AXn¬ apJyw. Ah¿ cmP-I-ev]-\-b-\p-k-cn-®v, tIm]m-
Ip-e-\mbn hcp∂ hn`-mfi-Is\ k¬°-cn®p im¥-\m-°m≥ Irjn-
°m-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. Irjn-°mc≥ B ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-
°p-∂p. {]a-Zbpw aRvP-cnbpw Ah-cpsS kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ {]W-
75
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
bhpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw X]- ns‚ A¿∞hpw \nc¿∞-I-Xbpw
Hs° Nn¥mhnj-b-am-°p-∂p-≠v. bu∆-\m-Àm-Z-ß-fpsS kz—-µ
-{]-hmlw km[n-°-W-sa∂pw Aß-s\-bm-bm¬ `qanbv°v th\¬
t°Spw h¿j-t°Spw D≠m-In√ F∂pw {]aZ A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-
∏n-°p-∂p≠v: Zpxkz-X-{¥-amb `mh-\, thiy-bpsS thZm¥w Fs∂m
s° ]d™v AXns\ ]cn-l-kn-°p-I-bmWv aRvP-cn. \nXy-{_-“-
Nm-cn-Iƒ, \nXy-I-\y-I-Iƒ, XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmØ hnhm-ln-
X-\m-cm-N-߃ ˛ Cßns\ PohnXw t\¿∏n®p hnf¿∏n®p Ign-™p-
Iq-Sp-hm≥ \n¿∫-≤-cmb sISp-\o¿°-b-ßsf AW-ap-dn®v tNcpw-
]Sn XΩn¬ tN¿°-W-sa-∂mWv {]a-Z-bpsS {]am-Ww. AXm-bn-
cn°pw bu∆-\m-Àm-Z-ß-fpsS kz—µp-{]-hmlw! a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-
s‚bpw aÆn-s‚bpw D¿∆-c-Xsb XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv
ChnsS sshtem-∏n-≈n.
XS-™p-\n¿Ø-s∏-´, Du¿÷-Øns‚ Hcp t{kmX- m-bn-cp∂p
Eiy-irw-K≥. hybw sNø-s∏-´n-´n-√mØ kar-≤n. \njvIm-a-Øn-eq-
sSbpw \njv{In-b-Xz-Øn-ep-sSbpw kw`-cn-°-s∏´ Du¿÷-am-bn-cp∂p
AXv. hn`-mfi-I-\m-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ kq{X-[m-c≥. temI-Ønse
kpJ-t`m-K-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hp-\¬ImsX GI-\m°n Eiy-
Ew-Ks\ hf¿Øn-bXv At±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. hn`m-fi-Is‚ Hcp
hf¿ØparKw! Eiy-irw-Ks‚ sI´n-\n¿Ø-s∏´ i‡nsb am\-h-
cm-in-°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv Cu IYbn¬ \mw ImWp-
∂-Xv.
h\y-{]-Ir-Xn-b√ sacp-ßnb {]Ir-Xn-bmWv a\p-jy-hm-k-Øn\v
A\p-Iqew F∂mWv Ihn-]£w. Eiy-irw-Ks‚ sImºp-Iƒ h\y-
{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS AS-bm-f-amWv. AXv `bw P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-
I¿Ω-Øn-eqsS {]Ir-Xnsb sacp-°pI F∂ ktµ-ihpw At±lw
\¬Ip-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-tbmSp s]mcpXn Pohn-°m-\mWv sshtem-∏n-
≈n-°n-„w. Eiy-irw-K≥ F∂ \mS-I-Ønepw Akm-≤y-am-b-Xns\
km[y-am-°p-I-bmWv {]aZ, aRvPcn F∂o c≠p thi-s∏¨sIm-
Sn-Iƒ; "]S-bm-fn-I-fnse' th´p-h-sc-t∏m-se, 'ae-Xp-c-°en'se sXmgn-
em-fn-I-sf-t∏m-se. {]mIr-X-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-kw-kvI-c-W-Øns‚
IY IqSn-bmWv Cu A¿∞-Øn¬ Eiy-Ew-K≥. Ejn-Xz-tØ-°mƒ
a\p-jy-XzsØbmWv Ihn tatem-´p-b¿Øn-°m-´p-∂-Xv.
{]a-Z-bn-eqsS X]- ns\ X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂p≠v sshtem-∏n-≈n.
"{]Ir-Xnsb \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-te-°mWv
Ch-cpsS X]- ns‚ IpXn. PohnX\ntj-[-amWv AXns‚ thZw.
hnc-‡n-bmWv AXns‚ i‡n'. PohnX \ntj-[-tØbpw hc-‡n-
tbbpw `RvPn-°p-I-bmWv Eiy-irw-Ks\ AwK-cm-Py-Øn-te-°m-\-
bn-°p-∂X - n-eqsS kw`-hn-°p-∂X- v. ]n∂o-St- ßm´v D¿∆-cX
- b
- psS D’-
76
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
h-am-Wv. ap\n-Ip-am-c≥ cmP-Ip-amcn im¥sb thƒ°p-∂p, AtXmsS
taL-߃ h¿jn-°p-∂p.
A©mw cwK-Øn¬ I¿j-I-cmb hr≤-Z-º-Xn-Ifpw hn`-mfi-I-
\p-am-Wp-≈-Xv. B I¿j-I-cpsS Pohn-X-th-Zm-¥-Øn¬ hn`-mfi-
I\pw a\- p-am-dp-I-bm-Wv. I¿j-I-Z-º-Xn-I-fpsS BXnYyw kzoI-
cn®v At±lw Ah- c psS `h- \ - Ø n- t e°p t]mIp- ∂ p. "I∂n-
s°mbvØv' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ \nXyhpw PohnXw hnX-tb‰n arXyp-
sIm-øp∂ hnim-e-amb ]mS-ambn {KmasØ Ihn- Im-Wp-∂p-≠-t√m.
PohnX IYm- \ m- S - I - ` q- s h∂v ]mSsØ hnti- j n- ∏ n- ® p- s Im≠v
sshtem-∏n≈n "{Kma-Po-hnX IY-bpsS hn]p-eo-Ic - W
- a
- mb Hcp alm-
\m-S-I-Øns‚ {]Z¿i\ ime-bmWv ]mSw' F∂v ASn-°p-dn-∏n¬
Ihn hniZo- I cn°p- ∂ p- ≠ v . Eiy- E w- K ≥ F∂ \mS- I - Ø nepw
sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hn-X-bn-se-∂-Xp-t]mse Hcp Pe-tk-N-\hpw hnX-
tb-‰epw sImbvØp-sam-s°-Ø-s∂-bmWv ImWm-\m-hp-I. \mS-Im-
¥y-Ønse Imhy-`mKw CXp IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.
Ae-bp∂ \c-tem-I-`m-h-\m-ta-L-ta,
Aen-hns‚ ag-bmbv Xncn-®p-t]m-cq,
]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw lXm-i-bm¬ hf-an´p
]pXphnØp tN¿sØmco \√ aÆn¬
]pe-cp∂ Xe-ap-d,bv°pcp-hn\pw Icp-hn\pw
Ipe-s]dpw hb-en\pw Ipi-e-ta-Im≥,
Adn-hns‚ I\n-Ifpw Ie-IƒX≥ ]q, \mep˛
adp-]-Xp-a-hn-cXw ]cn-e-kn-∏m≥,
Xf-cmØ \∑-bm¬ kv]µn-Xm-\-µamw
Ie-bmbn÷ohnXw ]cn-W-an-∏m≥,
AebmsX `mh\mtaL-ta, ssNX\y
Pe-[m-c-bmbv \o Xncn-®p-t]mcq
Chn-sS-bm-W-¥-cm-flm-hn≥ Ipc-pt£-{Xw,
Chn-sSbmw kz¿§w, \ap°p tam£w!
3
D¿∆n-tb-∏p-jv]n-∏nbv°pw Ie-t]m¬ \ap-°{X
\n¿hr-Xn-Icw k¿§-hym-]m-c-apt≠m a∂n¬?
˛I-bv]-h-√cn
Ihn-X-bn¬ {Inbm-fl-I-amb Im¿jnIkwkvIrXn \nd® Hcp
Ihn sshtem-∏n-≈n-sb-t∏mse thsd-bn-√. Pe-tk-N-\hpw Irjn-
bn-d-°epw sImbvØp-amWv B ]mSsØ kuµcyZriy-߃.
AXmWv sshtem-∏n-≈nsb kw_-‘n®v Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]®-∏v.
Ihn-X-tb-°mƒ k¿§m-fl-I-ambn Hcp {]hr-Øntb Ihn ImWp-
∂p≈q; AXv Irjn-∏-Wn-bmW.v `qansb ]pjv]n-∏n-°p∂ Ie-bmbn
77
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Ihn AXns\ sIm≠m-Sp-∂p. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ `qansb D¿∆-c-am-°p-
∂, Irjn-∏-Wn-°p-tbm-Ky-am-°p-∂, {]hr-Øn-X-s∂-bmWv Eiy-irw-
K≥ F∂ \mS-I-Ønepw Ihn Im´n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. ANpw-_nX Im\\
`wKn-tb-°mƒ sshtem-∏n-≈n°p {]nbw A≤zm-\-Øn-eqsS PohnXw
sXgp-°p∂ s\ev]m-S-ß-fm-Wv. "]S-bm-fn-Iƒ' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬
]mS-Øp-sh≈w tXhp∂ Zº-Xn-amsc {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠t√m.
"X≥ Poh-c‡samgp-°p∂p ]mSØp XÆo-cn-eqsS b≤o-c\mw ]qcp-
j≥; H∏w Ah≥ th´ s]Æpw. CtX Pe-tk-N\w Xs∂ \mw
"Ibv ] - h- √ cn'bnepw "Pe- t k- N \'Ønep- s a√mw ImWp- ∂ p- ≠ v .
sshtem-∏n≈n F∂ Ihn-bpsS am\n-s^-tÃm-X-s∂-bmWv "Ibv]-
h-√cn'.
]≠p sXm´n-t∂m-fhpaoae-\m-´n≥ Ip∂n¬˛
]≈bpw ImSpw sh´n \nc-ØnØÆo¿ tXhn,
hbepw tXm∏pw Imbv]q-t¥m-´hpw hncnbn®
hen-tbm¿Ifmw hoc-]q¿∆n-I-cpsS c‡w
Db-cp-∂t√m ho≠pw \Ω-fn, et∂cw \m˛
aW-bp-∂t√m Xntcy \Ωƒ X≥ Xd-hm-´n¬.
\Ωƒ Xncn-s®-Øp∂ Xd-hm-Sn-s\-°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-sØ,
"]cn-jv°m-c-Øns‚ Fs¥ms° tae-Sp-°p-Iƒ \sΩ s]mXn-
™mepw Irjn \Ωp-sS-sb√mw c‡-Øn-ep≠v' F∂ ASn-°p-dn-
∏n-eqsS sshtem-∏n≈n hni-Z-am-°p-∂p-≠v. Ibv]-h-√n°p \o¿
]m‰p∂ Ihn-bpw, ]S-bm-fn-I-fnse th´p-h-Z-º-Xn-I-fpw, Pe-tk-N-
\-Øn-eqsS D¿∆nsb ]pjv]n-∏n-°p-I-X-s∂-bm-Wv. AXp Xs∂-
bmWv "Pe-tk-N\w' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ _e-cm-a\pw sNøp-∂-Xv.
Irjnsb k¿§m-fl-I-X-bpsS sImSn-∏-S-ambn Db¿Øn-°m-´p∂
Ihnbv°p am{Xta "Pe-tk-N\w' t]msemcp _e-cm-a-KoX cNn-
°m- \ m- h q. Ie∏ Bbp- [ - a m- ° nb Hcp Ah- X m- c - a q¿Ønsb
{]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v sshtem-∏n≈n Ihn-Xs - b-gp-Xn-sb-∂Xpw bmZr-
—n-I-X-bmbn ImWm-\m-hn-√. _e-cm-a\v A[nIw Bcm-[-I-cn√
F∂ hkvXpX IqSn Hm¿°p-tºmƒ sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS {]hrØn
A\\yw F∂p Xs∂ ]d-bmw.
Ip∂n¬ ]≈bpw ImSpw sh´n \nc-Øn, XÆo¿ tXhn hbepw
tXm∏pw Imbv]q-t¥m-´hpw hncn-bn-®-hsc "hen-tbm¿Ifmw hoc-
]q¿∆n-I-cm-'bmWv Ihn A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Ir-Xnsb a\p-jys‚
kuI-cy-߃°mbn sh´n-\n-c-∏m-°n-sbm-cp-°p-∂-Xns\ BÀm-Z-
]q¿∆w Xs∂-bmWv Ihn-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. {]mIr-X-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂v
Im¿jn-I-kw-kvIr-Xn-bn-te-°p≈ am‰-tØbpw Im¿jnIkwkvIm-
c-tØbpw s\t©mSp-tN¿Øp ]nSn-°p-∂X - mWv sshtem-∏n-≈nbv°v
Gsd {]nbw-I-cw. k¿∏-°mSv F∂ Ihn-X-bnepw k¿∏-ImSv sh´n-
78
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
sb-cn®v ]Icw AhnsS sXßpw Ihpßpw hmgbpw \´p-\-\-bv°p-
∂-Xmbn Ihn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. F∂p am{X-a√ kky-e-XmZn kar-≤-
amb k¿∏-°m-Sns\ hgn-h-°nse t]Sn-∏m-Spw, ]pc-ap-‰sØ hn]-
Øn≥ ]p‰p-sam-s°-bmbn Ihn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]pXnb bpK-
Ønse \mK-Øm-∑-cmbn Ihn {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xv I¿j-I-_-‘p-
°-fmb Rm™q-fp-I-sf-bm-Wv. `qansb D¿∆-c-am-°pI F∂ I¿j-
I-a-\- mWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS ]e Ihn-X-I-fnepw \ap°p
ImWm-\m-hp-∂-Xv.
C∂sØ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI hnthIw sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Cu
{]IrXn ho£-WsØ ]q¿W-ambn ]n¥p-W-bv°p-sa∂p Icp-Xm≥
hø. F∂m¬ Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ ]®sb Db¿Øn- ° m- ´ m- \ mWv
sshtem-∏n≈n Xs‚ Irjn-Ko-X-Iƒ cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A√msX
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS D∑qe\misØ ]n¥m-ßp-∂-X√ sshtem-∏n-≈n-
bpsS Z¿i-\w.
Imfn-µnsb GXp-t]m-se-bmtWm _e-cm-a≥ ]mcn\v \o¿sIm-
Sp-°m-\mbn _em¬ Xncn-®p-hn-´Xv (P-e-tk-N-\w) AXp-t]m-se-X-
s∂-bmWv X]-kzn-bmb Eiy-irw-Ks\ AwK-cm-Py-Øn-se-Øn®v ag-
s]-øn-°p-∂-Xn\v \nan-Ø-am-°n-bXv (E-iy-irw-K≥). ImSns‚ h\y-
{]-Ir-Xnsb sacp-°p-tºm-gp≈ AtX at\m-`m-h-tØmsS Xs∂-
bmWv Eiy-Ew-Ks\ X]- ns‚ ImTn-\y-Øn¬ \n∂v a\p-jy-\mbn
hos≠-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. CXv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS PohnX t{]a-Øn-
t‚bpw Pohn-Xm-k-‡n-bp-tSbpw Nn{XoI-cW-ambn amdp-∂p.
]mSp-hm≥, hmk¥ssh`hw t]ip∂
]mS-e-K-‘nbmw ss]s¥-∂-te-ip∂
]md-Iƒ IqSnbpw IkvXpcn ]qip∂
]mcnse÷ohn-X-sa{X lrZyw!
Bbncw kz¿§-a-ar-Xp-s]m-gn-®mep˛
amckw In´p-I-bn√ kvXyw!
(h-k-¥w)
4
sshtem∏n≈nbpsS Ihn-X-I-fpsS XpS¿®-X-s∂-bmWv "Eiy-
irw-K≥' F∂ \mS-Iw. \mS-I-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ AXv {]tXy-I-X-I-
fp≈ cN-\-bm-sW∂v ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. a\p-jys\ tI{µo-I-cn-®mWv
sshtem-∏n≈n Ft∏mgpw Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jym-≤zm-\-Øns‚
DZvtLm-j-ß-fmWv At±-l-Øns‚ GXp cN-\bpw. Eiy-irw-tKm-
]m-Jym-\-Ønepw Ihn I≠Xv Xs‚ A≤zm\ kn≤m-¥-Øn\v
tabm-\p≈ CS-am-Wv. Eiy-irw-K≥ Nºm-]p-cn-bnseØp∂-tXmsS
ag h¿jn-°p-tºmƒ B ag-bn¬ Blvfm-Z\rØw Nhn-´p∂ I¿j-
Isc Ihn Zriy-h¬°-cn-°p∂p≠t√m. F∂p X-s∂-b√ taL-
79
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
am¿§-Nm-cn-I-fmb X]-kzn-I-fpsS PohnX hnc-‡n-b-√, km[m-c-W- ssZhw F∂pw IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂, Ub-Wo-jy-kv Ds≠-¶nepw,
°m-cn¬ km[m-c-W-°m-cmb I¿j-I-cpsS Pohn-Xm-k-‡n-bp-sSbpw k¶-ev]-߃ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Ub-Wo-jy-kn\v Imf-ap-Jhpw Imf-
A[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw thZm-¥-amWv sshtem-∏n-≈n°p ]Yyw. \nhr- s°mºpw Hs° D≈-Xmb hnizm-k-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Ub-Wo-jykv
Øn-b√ {]hr-Øn-bmWv sshtem-∏n≈n C„-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. `qX-Z-bn¬ sse°q¿KUv cmPm-hns‚ \m´n-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ h≥ FXn¿∏v t\cn-
\n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ \n¿Z-b-XzsØ {]Io¿Øn-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\p aSn- Sp-Ibpw cmPmhpw FtUm-\n-b≥ ssk\yhpw tN¿∂v tXmev]n-
bn-√. (P-e-tk-N-\w). Pohn-X-Øns‚ hcƒ®-bmWv Ejn-am¿§-sa- t®m-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ XS-hp-Im-cm- °-s∏-s´-¶nepw
¶n¬ D¿∆-c-amb ]mX-bmWv I¿j-I-cp-tS-Xv. sshcm-Ky-Øns‚ Ub-Wo-jykv c£-s∏-´p. Ub-Wo-jy-kns\ c£n® tX‰nkv tZhn
sXm≠p-hn‰p ]mc-{XnIw t\Sp∂ {]hr-Øn-tbmSv sX√pw aXn-∏n√ sse°p¿K-kns\ {`m¥-\m°n; Abmƒ aIs\ sIm∂p. cmPyw
Ihn-bv°v. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv Fß-s\bpw Eiy-irw-Ks\ ]´n- W n- b nepw h¿ƒ®- b n- e p- a m- b n. CXn¬ \n∂v c£- t \- S m≥
Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]®-bn-te-°m-\-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hcp \mSIw sshtem- sse°p¿Kkns\ FtUm-\n-b≥ P\X Xs∂ h[n-°-W-sa∂v Ub-
∏n≈n Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. Wo-jykv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah¿ cmPm-hns\ h[n-®p. Aßs\
ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂v Pohn-X-Øn-te-b°v D∑p-J-am-Ip∂ sshtem- hcƒ®-bn¬ \n∂pw hdpXn-bn¬ \n∂pw tamN\w t\Sn. Cu
∏n-ffnbn¬ AXns‚ t{]cW s]¨sIm-Sn-bm-fpsS a[p-c-kvar- IYbv°v Eiy-irwK IY-tbmSv ]q¿Æ-amb kmay-an-s√-¶nepw hfsc
Xnbpw amºq-hn≥ aW-hp-amWv (a-cWw I\n-t™m-Xn). "XWpØ hnZq-c-amb Nne kmay-߃ Is≠-Ømw. Eiyirw-K\pw Ub-Wo-
X≥tam-¥-bm¬ apdnbmw apdn-tXmdpw aWØp aW-sØ-Øp∂ jy-kn\pw sImºp-I-fp≠v F∂Xpw {it≤-bw. F∂pw Xs∂-b√
arZp-]m-Z\mw arXyp'hns\ t\cn¬ ImWp∂ Bip-]-{Xn-bnse Pzc- D¿∆-c-X-bpsS tZh-X-bmbn Ub-Wo-jy-kns\ Bcm-[n-°p∂ k{º-
X-]vX-amb Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ lcn-Xu-j[-ho-cy-ambn Hcp hmI-a-chpw Zm-bhpw t\cn-sbmcp Nm¿®-bp-≈-Xmbn tXm∂m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
Hcp aln-fbpw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p≠v (B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬).
Cl-tem-I-Øns‚ kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂-I‰n \n¿Ø-s∏´
Eiy-irw-K≥ ]n∂oSv Pohn-X-Øns‚ kakvX kpJ-ß-fn-te°pw
Cd-ßn-h-cn-Ibpw AXv `qan-bpsS D¿∆-c-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-XmWv "Eiyirw-K≥' F∂ \mS-I-Ønse IY. F∂m¬ KuXa
_p≤-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ kn≤m¿∞s‚ IY CXn\p t\¿ hn]-co-X-am-
bn-cp∂p F∂Xv ChnsS Hm¿°msX hø. kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fpsS D∂-
X-tkm-]m-\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv kz¥w `mcy-tbbpw a‰p ÿmh-c-Pw-
Ka kº-Øp-°fpw F√mw Dt]-£n®v At±lw ]Sn-bn-d-ßn-t∏m-
Ip-∂X - v. B Cd-ßn-t∏m°v Pohn-Xs
- Ø-°p-dn®v H∂p-ad- n-bm-sX-bp≈
Cd-ßn-t∏m-°√; F√mw Adn-™p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv. ChnsS "Eiy-
Ew-K≥' \mS-I-Øn¬ {]aZ ]d-bp∂ hcn-Iƒ D≤-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv:
"PohnXw Adn™p Ejn-am-cm-b-h-cp-≠v, t\cmw-hÆw Dd-Iq-Snb
ssXcp-t]ms-se. Pohn-Xa-dn™v Ejn-bmb BfmWv _p≤≥.
XpS¿∂p {]a-Z-]-d-bp-∂Xv "F∂m-ep-ap-s≠mcp ]pfn-∏v' F∂m-Wv,
t\cmw-hÆw Dd-Iq-Snb ssXcpw ]pfn-°p-a-t√m. Pohn-X-tØmSv
Aev ] w ]pdw- X n- c n™p \n¬°p- ∂ - X p- t ]mepw C„- s ∏- S mØ
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Xs∂ A`n-{]m-b-ambn AXns\ Icp-Xm-sa-
∂p-tXm∂p-∂p. ]uckvXy ]pcm-W-I-Y-bnse Eiy-irw-K\p Xpey-
amb Hcp IYm-]m-{XsØ ]m›m-Xy-cpsS antYm-f-Pnbn¬ Is≠-
Øm-\m-hn-√. ho™n-s‚bpw D∑-Ø-X-bp-sSbpw tZh-\mbn Adn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂, ^e-k-ar-≤n-bp-sSbpw kky-Pm-e-ß-fp-sSbpw {]IrXn
80 81
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

Imhy-\m-SIw
cwKhpw A]-cc - w-Khpw
]n.-Fk
- v. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥
Imhy- \ m- S - I - s a∂ KWsØ sshtem- ∏ n≈n
F¥p-sIm≠v Xs‚ kmln-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ A{X-
sbm∂pw ]cn-N-cn-®n-s√∂ ]cn-`hw C\nbpw XpS¿∂p
sIm≠p t]mIp-∂-Xn¬ Imcy-an-√. F∂m¬ sshtem-
∏n-≈n-bpsS Imhy-im-kv{X-sØbpw [¿Ω-im-kv{X-
sØbpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn¬ Imhy-\m-S-I-ßfpw
\n¿Wm-bI - a - m-bn-cp∂p-sh-∂Xv as‰mcp hnti-jw. arX-
k-RvPo-h\n, Eiy-irw-K≥, Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ C¥y-
bn¬ F∂o aqs∂Æw IqSmsX lna-hms‚ ]p{Xn-
Iƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Hc{]Im-inX Imhy-\m-S-Ihpw
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bp-tS-Xm-bp-≠v1. arX-kR - vPo-h\n IqSp-
X¬ ka-Im-enI-am-Wv. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ C¥y-bn-em-
hs´ Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-Øns‚ ]p\-cm-Jym-\hpw. F√m
hnP-b-ßfpw hnP-b-ß-fm-hn-s√∂pw Ah ]cm-P-b-
߃ IqSn-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Zm¿i-\n-I-amb hncp-t≤m-
‡n-bmWv Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ Nqgp-∂-Xv. Imhym-fl-I-amb
IYm-I-Y-\w Gsdbpw Eiy-irw-K-\n-em-Wv. amcm-cpsS
`mc-X-]-cy-S-\-Ønse ‘hymks‚ Nncn-’bn-eqsS ]cn-
Nn-X-amb IYm-k-µ¿`-Øns‚ thdn´ Imhy-`m-j-W-
amWv Eiy-irw-K≥. ]pcm-tW-Xn-lmk{]I-c-W-ßsf
82
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
\nXy-]-cn-Wm-an-bmb Ie-bp-sSbpw Ime-Øn-s‚bpw ]n¥p-W-tbmsS
sshtem-∏n≈n ]e-]mSv ]p\x-kr-jvSn-®n-´p-≠v. ]q¿∆-hr-Øm-¥ß - sf
`mjy-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-b√ Ihn-bpsS {]Ir-Xw. Ah-bpsS A¥x-k-
Øsb \mS-Io-b-ambn \h-]-cn-kc-Øn-te°v hos≠-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv.
h≈-tØm-fnepw _mem-a-Wn-bΩbnepw \mS-I-cq-]sØ AZr-iy-
am-°p∂ {]Im-c-Øn¬ hymJym-\mwiw Gdpw. sshtem-∏n-≈n-
bnemhs´ \mS-I-cq]w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn¬ IYm-k-µ¿`hpw
]m{X- ß - f psS s]cp- a m- ‰ hpw \mS- I o- b - X - b n- t e°v hnI- k n®p
\n¬°pIbm-Wv (A-ø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, 1986:101).
sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hn-Xsb GsX-¶nepw Nne hnti-tjm-‡n-I-
fntem kmam\y {]kvXm-h-ß-fntem AS°n \n¿Øm-\m-hn-s√∂
hmkvXhw F{Xtbm h´w Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. B[p-\n-Io-I-c-
WsØ Xmtem- e n- ° p- t ºmgpw ]mcn- ÿ n- X n- I - a mb DXv I Wv T
sshtem-∏n-≈n°v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]pcm-hrØ ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn¬
apgp-Ip-tºmgpw A°-hnX ka-Im-eo-\-am-Wv. imkv{X-bp-‡n-bn¬
A`bw sIm≠-t∏mgpw `uXnIkXy-Øns‚ A]-c-cw-K-ß-fmWv
Ihn tXSn-b-Xv. am\-hn-I-amb Icp-Øn¬ A`n-c-an-°p-tºmgpw CXc
P¥p-Pm-e-ßsf `qan-bpsS Ah-Im-in-I-fmbn Xncn-®-dn-™-Xn\v
F{Xtbm DZm-l-c-W-߃. kXysØ Ak-µn-Kv[-am-°p-Ibpw \nK-
a-\-ßsf D`-b-]-c-X-bp≈ km[y-X-bmbn \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-Xn-eqsS Imthym-‡n-bpsS Dcn-bm-´-ßsf XpS-sc-gp-Ømbn AS-
bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS hyh-lm-cw. AhnsS
]q¿W-hn-cm-a-ß-fn-√. IhnX H∂n-s‚bpw Ah-km\ hm°-√. Hmtcm
hm°pw GtXm adp- h m- ° ns\ FXn¿]m¿°p- ∂ p. Ihn- X - b n¬
Dbn¿°p∂ Hmtcm hm°pw FXn¿hm-°vIq-Sn-bm-sW∂v sshtem-
∏n-≈n-°-hnX Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AIhpw ]pdhpw {]Xn-ap-J-ambn
\oßp∂ hm°p-Ifpw hmIy-ßfpw Bi-b-ßfpw sIm≠mWv Eiy-
irw-Ks\ \qs‰-Sp-Øn-´p-≈X - v. alm-`m-cX
- Ø
- nse Eiy-irw-KI - Y
- b- psS
]cm-h¿Ø-\hpw hm-b\ - bpw apeym-t\z-jW - h - p-sams° Ip´n-Ir-jvW-
am-cm-cpsS `mc-X-]-cy-S-\-Ønse ‘hymks‚ Nncn’-bn¬ t\ctØ
D]-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Eiy-irw-Ks‚ PohnXkµ¿`sØ DZm-l-cn-
®p-sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ Ah-\-h\v taepw ASpØ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v
taepw Btcm-]n-°p∂ \ntcm-[\\njvI¿j-I-fpsS \n m-c-Xsb
shfn-hm-°p-∂-XmWv amcm-cpsS ]T-\w. kv{XoI-fpsS ImgvNtbm
kmao-]ytam GimsX hf¿Øn-bn´pw sNdn-sbmcp ]gp-Xp-≠m-b-
t∏mƒ {]Ir-Xn-tNm-Z\ AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-amb hgn-I-fn-eqsS
k©-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xns‚ {]Xn-\n-[m-\-amWv hn`-WvU-I-ap-\n-bpsS
aI\mb Eiy-irw-K≥. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-XsØ Akzm-`m-hn-I-amb
in£-W-Øn-eqsS hcp-Xn-bn-em-°n-bm¬ Xm]-k-k-Zm-Nmcw icn-bm-
83
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
bn-s°m-≈p-sa∂ [mc-W-sb-bmWv amcmcv A´n-a-dn-°p-∂-Xv. hn`-
WvU-I-\n¬\n∂pw ka-Im-enIkaq-l-Øn-te°v hgp-Xn-t∏m-Ip-∂-
XmWv amcm-cpsS Nncn-b-S-cp-Iƒ. hymks‚ Nncn-bp-sS-sb∂ t]mse
Imfn-ZmkimIp-¥-f-Øn-s‚bpw k∂n-thiw sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS
Imhy-\m-S-I-Øn-ep-≠v. ]q¿∆-]m-T-ß-fn¬ sNs∂m-Sp-ßmsX Ah
\n¿Øn- t b- S Øp \n∂pw hyXn- c n- ‡ - a mb ]pXp- ] m- T - Ø n- \ p≈
km[yX Bcm- b p- I - b mWv sshtem- ∏ n- ≈ n- b psS Eiy- i rw- K ≥.
{]aZ-˛a - R
- vPcn F∂o tXmgn-am-cp-sSbpw hr≤-Zº - X- n-If
- p-sSbpw ]›m-
Ø-e-Øn¬ kmap-Zm-bn-I-{I-a-sØbpw kmaq-ln-I-hy-h-ÿ-sbbpw
A]-\n¿Ωn-°p∂ [¿Ω-amWv Eiy-irw-K≥ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xv.
IqSmsX 1950Ifnse kmaq-lnI Imem-h-ÿ-bn¬ kPo-h-am-
bn-cp∂ Bi-b-hm-Z-N¿®-Isf Eiy-irw-K≥ kzmwio-I-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v.
F∂m¬ Eiy-irw-K-\-√, Abmsf sacp-°n-sb-SpØ Xm]-k-]n-Xmhv
hn`-WvU-I-\mWv A`m-h-Ønepw kz`m-h-Ønepw Imhy-\m-S-I-
Øns‚ Imcyhpw Imc-W-hpw. {]a-ZbpsSbpw aRvP-cn-bp-sSbpw
kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ (H∂mw cwKw) ‘a™-∏-®-°Æpw \J-in-Jm¥w
tcma-]-S-e-hp-am¿∂v Hcp Zp z-]v\w-t]mse’ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-bm-fmWv
hn`-WvU-I≥. H∂mw cwKw Imhy-im-kv{X-sØ-sb-∂-t]mse `uXn-
Im-[o-\-amb am\-h-hm-Z-sØbpw hnj-bo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. hn`-WvU-
It\m Eiy-irw-Kt\m cwK-Øp-h-cp-∂-tX-bn-√. F∂m¬ {]a-Zm-a-
RvP-cn-am-cpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ A—\pw aI\pw Ah-c-h-cpsS {]Ir-
Xn-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-tfmsS ÿm\-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp-∂p. hn`-
WvU-Is‚ kv{Xo hntZz-jhpw imk-I-`m-hhpw \n¿±-b-amb ap≥hn-
[n- b p- s ams° BJym- \ - Ø ns‚ ]tcm- £ - X - b n- e p- ≠ v . F∂m¬
CØcw ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-sf-sb√mw \ncm-kv]-Z-am-°p∂ `qX-Im-e-
Øns‚ Ah-ti-j-߃ t]dp-∂-h-cmWv hn`-WvU-I≥ Dƒs∏-sS-
bp≈ amap-\n-h¿§w. {]Ir-Xn-bnse Ncm-N-c-ß-fn-se√mw C°q-´-
cpsS \odn-∏p-I-bp∂ Imam-th-K-߃ Bgv∂p ]Xn-™n-´p-≈-Xm-
Wv. Eiy-irw-Ks‚ P\-\hpw as‰mcp hn[-am-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m. GsX-
¶n-ep-samcp hy‡n-bnte°v ]cn-an-X-s∏-SmsX AXn-`u-Xn-I-hmZnI-
fpsS hn-c‡n\mSy-tØm-Sp≈ kwhm-Zhpw hna¿i--hp-sam-s°-bmbn
Imhy-`m-j-W-Øn\v am‰-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv {][m-\w. a\p-jy-
tNm-Z\ - I - sf {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤a
- mbn AS-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I. XpS¿∂v, {]Ir-
Xn-sb-bmsI t`mK-h-kvXp-hmbn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-I. Cßs\ am\p-
jn-I-amb Zu¿_-ey-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Xt]m-c-Xn-bn¬ A¥¿eo-\-
amb Iq´n-bmepw IqSmØ s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-I-sf-bmWv H∂mw cwKw
hnj-bo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. {]a-Z-bpsS kw`m-jW `mKw t\m°p-I:
“...Rms\m-cn-°¬ ipt≤m-]-hm-k-°m-c-\mb Hcp `n£p-hn\v tNmdv
sImSp-Øp. Abmƒ DÆp-I-b√ tNmdns\ B{I-an-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-
84
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
b-Xv. Cu hn`m-WvU-I-\pw...” ({io-[-c-ta-t\m≥, sshtem-∏n-≈n
2006:379). hn`-mWvU-Is\ {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpØn
Bi-b-hm-Z-Øn-sebpw `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øn-sebpw B`y-¥-c-ssh-cp-≤y-
ßsf \mS-Io-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv Eiy-irw-K≥. Eiy-irw-Ks‚ ]pcm-
hr-ØsØ ]›m-Ø-e-am°n C¥y≥ Zm¿i-\n-Ihyh-lm-c-Øns‚
{]_-e-ß-fmb c≠v hyXykvX ]≤-Xn-Isf cwK-Øn¬ AWn-\n-
c-ØpI am{X-a-√ Eiy-irw-K≥. XpS¿∂v Ahbv°v P\-ß-fp-am-bp≈
kº¿°w F{X-tØm-f-am-sW∂pw AtX XpS¿∂p≠m-bn-´p≈
sshcp-≤y-ß-fpsS kml-Ncyw F¥m-sW-∂p-sams° At\z-jn-°p-
∂p-ap≠v. {]t_m-[\]c-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ \mS-Io-b-ambmWv Imhy-
]-cn-k-c-Øn¬ Chsb CW-°n-t®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]a-Zbpw aRvP-
cnbpw B \nebv°v ]c-kv]cw hncp-≤-ß-fmb c≠v Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-
I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[m-\-߃Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. \ne-]m-Sp-Isf-bm-hs´ Ccp-h-
cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw AXn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ at\m-`m-h-
Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn-^-e-\-ß-sf∂ \ne-bv°mWv BJym-\-Øn¬ ]cn-
N-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. B \nebv°v Imhy-\m-S-I-Øns‚ [z\n-]mTw IqSn-
bmbn Chsb a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Eiy-irw-Ks‚ Ah-
ÿm-hn-]-cy-am-hs´ `uXn-Itam AXn-`u-Xn-Itam Bbn-Øo-cmØ
[¿Ω-k-¶-S-Øn-\p-≈n-em-Wv. {]aZmaRvP-cn-am¿°n-S-bnse kwhm-
Z-Øp-S¿®-Isf DW¿Øp-∂Xpw \bn-°p-∂Xpw ta¬kq-Nn-∏n®
kµn-Kv≤m-¥-co-£-am-Wv.
\memw cwK-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-tXmsS hn\n-abw IqSp-X¬
Xm¿°n-I-am-Ip-∂p. `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øn\pw AXn-`u-Xn-I-hm-Z-Øn\pw
CS-bnse ]£m-¥-c-߃ AhnsS IqSp-X¬ hmNy-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.
Eiy-irw-K-I-Ybv°v \mS-Io-b-amb hyXn-bm\am-Ip-∂-tXm-sSm∏w
Imhy-\m-S-I-Øn\v [z\n-]mTw Xo¿°p-∂Xpw Cusbmcp cwK-am-Wv.
AtXmsS ]mTw IqSp-X¬ ka-Im-en-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. `uXn-Im-kv]-
Z-ßsf hyXy-kvX-amb ImgvN-t°m-Wp-I-fn-eqsS Aÿ-m\-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw kzÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ncn-{X-Im-e-Øns‚
DXv]∂w IqSn-bmWv Eiy-irw-K≥. P\m-[n-]X - y-kw-hn-[m-\Ø
- n-te°v
{]th-in®p Ign-™ 1940˛50 ImesØ tIc-fob kaq-l-Øns‚
Bi-¶-Ifpw [¿Ω-k-¶-S-ßfpw kwhm-Z-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn¬ Cs√-
s∂-ßs\ ]d-bm-\mhpw? \K-cw, {Kmaw, euIn-Iw, Aeu-In-Iw,
kw\ym-kw, Km¿l-ÿyw, P\-\w, ac-Ww, ]p\¿P-∑w, hnap‡n
F∂n-ßs\ Imem-¥-c-ß-fn-eqsS ssIa-dn™p hcp∂ Zm¿i-\nI
{]iv\-ßsf P\-Io-b-amb s]mXp-a-WvU-e-Øn-te°v kw{I-an-∏n-
°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xp-Xs∂ CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv. A`uaw t]mep-ambn
cq]- ¥ - c - s ∏´ emh- W y- i m- k v { X- ` m- j - W - ß sf Aÿm- \ - s ∏- S p-
Øm\pw ]pXnb H∂ns\ hos≠-Sp-°m-\p-ap≈ XrjvW- Eiy-irw-
85
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Ks‚ ]p\x-kr-jvSn-bn-ep-≠v. B{i-a-hr-Øn-sbbpw B{i-a-]-cn-k-c-
sØbpw F°m-ehpw Ae-¶-cn-®p-t]m∂ Krlm-Xp-cXzw Xpfp-ºp∂
Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn-sbm∂pw ChnsS {]Xo-£n-t°-≠-Xn-√. ]pWym-{i-
a-]-cn-N-b-Øn¬ AS-ßnb alm-kp-J-Ønepw aotX sXcp-hn¬ Ifn-
°p-∂- Ip´n-I-fn¬ B\µw Is≠-Øp∂ {]a-Z-bpsS \ne-]mSv Hcp-
Zm-l-c-Ww (]p-dw. 390). aRvP-cnsb Xm]-k-N-cy-bp-sSbpw k¿∆-
eu-In-I-aq-ey-ß-fp-sSbpw h‡m-hm-°p-tºmƒ {]aZ Chsb kwi-
bn-°p-Ibpw `uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂pw Ah-tbmSv
Ib¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ temIm-b-X-hm-Zn-bm-Wv. Hcmƒ ]mc-º-cy-
Øns‚ XpS¿∆p-I-fn¬ sN∂-W-bp-∂p. ASp-Ø-bm-fm-hs´ ]mc-º-
cysØ Xnc-kvI-cn-®p-sIm≠v h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Ønse AXn-Po-h-\-
Øns‚ A\n-hm-cyX XpStc Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \K-
c-{Km-a߃°n-S-bn-ep-s≠∂v Ihn-Iƒ Iev]n-°p∂ sshcp-≤y-ßsf
Ahƒ Bt]-£n-I-sa∂v ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂p. a-\p-jy-h¿Kw kz¥w
kpJ-Øn-\mbn ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ønb CØcw \n¿W-b-߃ t]mcm-
bva-Isf \nI-Øm-\p≈ {]IrXn t{]c-W-Iƒ am{X-sa∂v Bt£-
]n-°p-∂p. Imfn-ZmkimIp-¥-f-Øns‚ ]mcm-bWkwkvImcw t]dp-
tºmgpw AXn¬\n-∂p≈ IpXnbpw hnt—-Zhpw k^-e-am-°p∂
kµ¿`w IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. imIp-¥-f-\n-cq-]-I¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fmbn
A`n-c-an-°p∂ \memw A¶-Øns‚ hna¿ihpw hn]-co-X-]m-Thpw
IqSn-bmWv Eiy-irw-K-\nse \memw cwKw. \mK-cnI ]ucp-j-Øn\v
Xs∂ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]gb ap\n-I-\y-I-bpsS FXn-scm-en-Iƒ
aRvP-cn-bn-ep-≠v. Aßs\ t\m°n-bm¬ {]aZ AIm-ev]-\n-I-bm-
sW∂v t]mepw tXm∂pw. ‘{]W-b-hn-jm-Z-ant√?’ F∂ aRvP-cn-
bpsS tNmZy-Øn\v “Fs‚ kuµ-cy-t_m[w CXƒ hncn™v
\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp h≠n-s\bpw AXn-en´v ]q´m-dn√” F∂mWv
{]aZ \¬Ip∂ adp-]Sn (]p-dw. 392). {]Ir-Xnsb \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-
Xn-t\-°mƒ \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-emWv X]- ns‚ e£y-sa∂ {]a-Z-
bpsS hnNmcw XmXvIm-en-I-tam bmZr-—n-Itam BIp-∂n-√. tam£-
sa∂ B{K-lsØ ac-W-sa∂ ssPh-bm-Ym¿Yyw sIm≠m-W-hƒ
t\cn-Sp-∂-Xv. kz¿Khpw tam£hpw ]p\¿P-∑-hp-sams° Ahƒ°v
kpµ-c-amb Ihn-X-bm-Wv. ac-W-Øn-\-∏pdw \n∂v IS-s™-Sp-Øp-
sIm-≠p-h-cp∂ k¶-ev]-߃.
EiyirwK-I-Y-bpsS AI-Xm-cn¬ ssZ\w-Zn\Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw
AhnsS ]pe-cp∂ Nnc-Im-e-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw I\Ø \nt£-]-
ap- ≠ v . am{X- h p- a - √ , Ahsb ka- I m- e o- \ - bmYm¿∞y- Ø ns‚
k¶o¿W-X-Isf kwt_m-[\ sNøp∂ cq]-Øn¬ BJym-\-Øn¬
Iq´n-bn-W-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Eiy-irw-K≥ Xm]-kk-¶-ev]-
Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ Blzm-\-a-√. F∂m¬ `qan°pw AXnse Ncm-
86
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
N-c-߃°pw {]Xn-k-‘n-Im-eØv DX-ImØ PohnXw ˛ AXv Xm]-
k-hr-Øn-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw ˛ A]-e-]n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW∂ \ne-]mSv
ad®p hbv ° p- ∂ n- √ . thiym- h r- Ø n- b n¬ ]pe- t c- ≠ n- h ∂ c≠v
t]cpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eqsS kap-Zmb LS-\-sbbpw AXnse
aqey-ß-sf-Ø-s∂bpw \n¿±-b-ambn hnNm-cW sNøp∂ H∂pw
\mepw cwK-߃ IqSp-X¬ {]k-‡-am-Ip-∂Xpw AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ C¥y-bn¬ F∂ Imhy-\m-S-I-Ønepw PohnXsØ
ac-W-Øn\v A`n-ap-J-ambn hnNm-cW sNøp-∂p≠v. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿
N{I- h ¿Øn- b psS km∂n- [ y- Ø n¬ XØz- N n- ¥ - I - \ mb A\-
Ivkm¿Ikpw I]n-e-ap-\n-bp-ambn \S-°p∂ Xm¿°n-I-kw-hm-Z-Øn¬
CXp hy‡- a m- W v . ‘Pohn- X - Ø nt\m ac- W - Ø nt\m IqSp- X ¬
{]m_eyw’ F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v ‘Pohn-X-Øn\v F∂mWv I]nes‚
adp-]-Sn. ImcWw ‘PohnXw A{X hfsc ZpxJ-ßsf Npa-°p-∂p-
≠t√m’ F∂-XmWv (]p-dw. 416). sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Du™m-
enepw bpK-]-cn-h¿Ø\Ønep-sam-s°-bmbn ambmsX \n¬°p∂
hr≤-Z-º-Xn-I-fpsS cq]-∏I¿® Im-hy-\m-S-Øn-ep-ap≠v. Ah-cn-eqsS
Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw `uXnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-am-Wv.
Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw \b-Nm-Xpcn hn`-WvU-I-s\bpw hn\-b-hm-\m-°n-
bXpw AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS Imhy-imkv{Xw At±-
l-Øns‚ XØz-imkv{Xw IqSn-bm-Wv. Hmtcm cN-\-bnepw At±lw
Xp\n-™n-d-ßn-bXv Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¥¿K-X-߃ tXSp-∂-Xn-\m-
Wv. Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw Ah-km-\a - m-hs´ as‰m-∂ns‚ XpS¿®-bn-emWv
Iem-in-°p-∂-Xv. Ihn-X-bnepw Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Bfl-K-X-ß-
fnepw Bfl-kva-c-W-I-fn-ep-sams° Ihn-bnse Pohn-X-Xr-jvW-
bpsS thtcm-´-ap-≠v. Imhy-\m-S-I-ßfpw CXn-\-]-hm-Z-a-√.
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
1. lna-hms‚ ]p{Xn-Iƒ, 2001¬ Id‚ v _pIvkv : Xr»q¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS kºq¿Æ IrXn-Iƒ c≠mw hmey-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
{KŸ-kqNn
1. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, 1986 ‘Imhy-\m-S-I-߃’ sshtem-∏n-≈n-°-hnXm
kao-£, FUn. Fkv. cmP-ti-J-c≥, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, tIcf `mjm
C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, ]pdw. 101˛104.
2. {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ sshtem-∏n-≈n, 2001 sshtem-∏n≈nbpsS kºq¿Æ
IrXn-Iƒ, c≠v hmeyw, Xr»q¿: Id‚ v _pIvkv.
87
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

IpSnsbmgn°ense
kmwkvImcnIap{ZIƒ
_n. B¿. kptajv
A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw ASn-a-Ø-Øn\pw CS-bn-emWv
"IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ep-Iƒ' \S-°p-∂-Xv. A[n-Imcw Hcp
A\p-`-h-am-sW-∂-Xp-t]mse ASn-aØw as‰mcp A\p-
`-h-am-Wv. Cu c≠v A\p-`-h-߃°pw CS-bn-ep-≈
AIew X{¥- ß - f psS cmk- { ]- h ¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ \S-
°p∂ ÿe-Øns‚ hep-∏-am-Wv. Cu ÿe-cm-in°v
Hmtcm-Im-eØv Hmtcm hep-∏-am-Wv. ]≠v CXn\v
`q{]`p-Xz-Øns‚ hep-∏-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ C∂v a[y-
h¿Øn kaq-l-Øns‚ hep-∏-am-Wv. sshtem-∏n≈n
{io[-c-ta-t\ms‚ ""IpSn-sbm-gn-°-en¬'' \nd-km-∂n-[y-
am-Ip-∂-Xv Cu a-[yh¿§ kaq-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-
bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ "IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬' CS-Ø-
c-°m-c-s\-°p-dn-®pam{Xap≈ IrXn-b-√. Cu CS-Ø-
c-°m-c≥ \nc-¥cw kwh-Zn-°p-∂Xv sXmgn-em-fn-I-tfm-
SmWv F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v CXv ASn-ÿm-\-h¿§-sØ-
am{Xw ap≥\n¿Ønbp≈ cN-\-bp-a-√. IpSn-sbm-gn-°p-
∂-h\pw IpSn-sbm-gn-bp-∂-h\pw CSbn¬\n∂psIm≠v
Cusbmcp AIew \n¿Ωn°p∂ Hcp AZriy
km∂n[yw IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬ F∂ IrXn-bn-ep-≠v.
kmam\yambn B AZriykm∂n[ysØ A[nImcw
88
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
F∂v \ap°p hnfn°mw. Cu A[nImcw AZriykm∂n[y
ambncn°ptºmƒ AXns‚ {]h¿Ø\w \nKqVambncn°pIbpw
Np‰pap≈ s]mXp kaqlsØ Zriykm∂n[yam°n am‰n Ahsb
kzmwioIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Cu Zriy˛ AZriykm∂n
[yßfpsS hn`P\Øn\p≈n¬ A[nImcw F√mØnt\bpw
kzmwioIcn°pItbm \in- ∏ n- ° p- I tbm sNøp∂p. Aßs\
s]mXpkaqlsØ kzmwioIcn°p∂Xnt\m D≥aqe\w
sNøp∂Xnt\m th≠nbp≈ {]h¿Ø\Øns‚ `mKambmWv
kmaqlnI LSIßsf Zriykm∂n[yam°nam‰n AhXcn
∏n°p∂Xv. ChnsS A[nImcØns‚ X{¥ßƒ Actßdp∂Xv
AZriykm∂n[yambn \n∂psIm≠mWv F∂p≈XpsIm≠v B
ÿew hos≠SpØv s]mXpImgvNbn¬ sIm≠phtc≠Xp≠v.
"AZriykm∂n[y kn≤m¥w'(1) At\z-jn-°p-∂Xv AXns‚ km[y-
X-sb-bm-Wv. Hcp Iq´mbvabn¬\n∂v, s]mXpkaqlØn¬\n∂v
Hcmsf, Hcp hn`mKsØ Zriykm∂n[yam°n AYhm BZ¿i
hXv I cn°s∏´ amXrIIfm°n am‰p∂Xv A[nImcØns‚
AZriykm∂n[yw D≈XpsIm≠mWv. AXp-sIm≠v sshtem-∏n-
≈n-bpsS "IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬' B AZr-iy-km-∂n-[y-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
At\z-j-W-am-Wv.
cmPysØ apgph≥ kz¥w Im¬°ogn¬\n¿Øn `cWw
\SØp∂ cmPmhns‚ A[nImcØn\pw sXmgnemfn F∂
kw⁄bv°p ]pdØpIS∂v PmXobamb sXmgnepIsf alXz
ambn°mWp∂ XmtgØ´nep≈ P\kaqlØn\panSbn¬
\n¬°p∂bmfmWv "IpSnsbmgn°ense' P∑n. Htcsbmcp
A[nImc tI{µamb cmPXz A[nImcsØ A∏msS kzoIcn°p∂
Xn\pw hnhn[ßfmb sXmgnepIƒ sNøp∂ ˛ Bimcn, £pcI≥,
X≠m≥, sIm√∏Wn°mc≥, F∂nßs\˛ sXmgnemfnIsf
inYneoIcn®pImWp∂Xn\pw FXnscbmWv "IpSnsbmgn°ense'
P≥an \nebpd∏n°p∂Xv. AXmbXv temIsa√mw Hcphn]Wn
°IØmWv F∂ BtKmfhXvIcWXm¬]cyØn\pw AXXv
IpesØmgnepIƒ alXzsa∂v IcpXpIbpw sXmgnemfn F∂
kwLmS\Øn\p ]pdwXncn™p \n¬°p∂ "IpesØmgn¬'
kwkvImcØn\pw CSbn¬\n¬°p∂ a[y-h¿§ s]mXp-k-aq-l-
Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[nbmWv IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ense "Rm≥' F∂ P≥an.
cmPysØ apgph≥ A[nImchpw Hcmfn¬ \n£n]v X ambncn
°pIbpw AbmfpsS C—b\pkcn®√msX H∂pw \S∏ns√∂phcn
Ibpw sNøp∂ ImeL´sØ cmPhmgvNsb∂p hnfn°ptºmƒ,
temIw Hscm‰ hn]Wn, B hn]WnbpsS CObv ° p]pdØv
bmsXm∂pw km[yamImsX hcnIbpw F√mt]cptSbpw C—
89
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
H∂mbnØocpIbpw sNøp∂Xns\ BtKmf hXvIcWsa∂mWv
hnfn°p∂Xv. cmPhmgvNbnembmepw BtKmf hXvIcWØnem
bmepw kaqlØn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv Htcsbmcp C—bmWv
F∂p≈nSØmWv c≠pImeL´ßfpw H∂mbnØocp∂Xv .
cmPmhns\ A\pkcn°p∂ P≥anbpw hn]Wnsb A\pkcn°p∂
CSØcImc\pw c≠pt]cs√∂v hcp∂Xv Aßs\bmWv .
Xms\mcp sXmgnemfnbmsW∂p≈ t_m[wt]mepw D≠mIp∂
Xn\v apºv PmXobambn amdn\n∂v sIm´mcØnse IWs°gpXp
Ibpw, sIm´mcw ASn®psXfn°pIbpw, P≥anIƒ°v apSnapdn®p
sImSp°pIbpw sNøp∂ hwiw F∂Xn¬\n∂v amdn ASnÿm\
h¿§w sXmgnemfnh¿§ßfpsS Iq´mbvabmsW∂ kwLt_m[
ap≠mbXv \thm∞m\ImetØmsSbmWv. F∂m¬ Cusbmcp
aqeyt_m[Øn¬ hnizmka¿∏n®psIm≠mWv, ASnÿm\h¿§
Øn¬\n∂v cmPm-[n-Im-c-Øns‚ amXrIbnte°v ]cnh¿Øn°
s∏Sp∂ P≥an sXmgnemfnIsf Hscm‰ kaqlambn I≠psIm≠v
Ah¿s°Xnscbp≈ NpjWsØ Xpd∂p ImWn°p∂Xpw
AXneqsS A[oih¿§ amXrIIsf DSs®dnbm≥ {ian°p∂Xpw.
kXyØn¬ "IpSnsbmgn°ense' P≥an \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂Xv
ASnÿm\h¿§ Xm¬]cyØmepw \nb{¥n°s∏Sp∂Xv
A[nImch¿§ amXrIIfmepamWv F∂pImWmw. AXmbXv Hcp
sXmgnemfn A[nImchyhÿtbmSv k‘nsNøp∂nSØmWv
P≥anbpsS cq]oIcWw \S°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Abmsf
kw_‘n®v ASnÿm\h¿§Xm¬]cyhpw A[oiØamXrI
Ifpw Ccp{[phßfmbn\n∂v {]hrØn sbSp°p∂p.
tIhew Hcp CS-Ø-c-°-mc-s\-∂p-≈Xn-\-∏pdw A[n-Im-c-Øns‚
hn\n-a-b-tØbpw AXn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ {]Xn-tcm-[-tØbpw shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øn-s°m-≠m-Wv P≥an F∂ \mb-I≥ "IpSn-sbm-gn-°-en¬' \ne-
bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Abmƒ ]q¿∆amXr-I-I-fpsS s]m≈-Øcw shfn-
®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cn-Ibpw ASn-ÿm\h¿§ P\-hn-`m-KsØ Itºm-
f-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏´ s]mXp CS-Øn-te°v ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p∂ {]{In-
b-sb \ap-°p-ap-∂n¬ Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv \ap-
s°√mw t_m[y-s∏-Sp∂ L´-Øn-emWv hnπ-h-Øns‚ km[yX
sXfn-bp-∂-Xv. B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ a[y-h¿§kaqlw C√m-Xmbn-
Øo-cp-Ibpw ASn-ÿm-\˛ D]cnh¿§-߃ XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw C√m-
Xm-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]q¿∆amXr-I-I-sf, A[n-Imc{]a-Ø-Xsb
kz]v\w-I-≠p-I-gn-bp∂ amb-b√; adn®v kmaq-ln-Im-h-t_m-[-Øm¬
km[y-am-Ip∂, ASnÿm\h¿§hpw D]cnh¿§hpw ]ckv]cw
]cnh¿Øn°s∏´v cq]s∏Sp∂ bmYm¿∞y-amWv hnπhw F∂p-
≈-Xv. AXmWv IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.
90
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
H∂v
-"IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ense' P≥ansb P≥an-bm-°p-∂Xv A[n-Imc{]a-
Ø- X - b psS ]q¿∆amXr- I - I - f m- W v . ]W˛ A[nImcßfpambn
_‘s∏´mWv CØcw amXrIIƒ D≠mIp∂Xv . cmPm[n
ImcsØ ap≥\n¿Øn amXrIIƒ D≠mIptºmgmWv [otcm
ZmØ\pw AXn{]Xm]hm\pamb Hcp ]pcpj\mbIk¶¬∏w
cq]s∏Sp∂Xpw \mSyImc≥am¿ Cubmcp e£WsØ ap≥
\n¿Øn amXrIIƒ krjv S n°p∂Xpw. kq∏¿ Xmcßfp≠m
hpIbpw AXv Hcp amXrIbmbn s]mXpkaqlØn¬ CSw
t\SpIbpw sNøp∂Xv BtKmfapXemfnam¿°v kzoImcyX
e`n°p∂ kaqlØnemWv. Zm\w F∂p≈ ioew cmPmhns\
amXrIm cmPmhm°p∂Xpt]mse aqe[\\nt£]w km{amPyXz
apXemfnamsc amXrIIfm°p∂p. Cu aqe[\\nt£]ØneqsS
BbncßfmIp∂ sXmgnemfnIfpsS PohnX߃ kvt]m¨k¿
sNøs∏Sp∂p F∂p≈Xp sIm≠v kvt]m¨k¿ sNøs∏Sp∂
PohnX߃ kaqlØn¬ amXrIIƒ krjv S n°p∂p. cmP
kZ n¬ ]m´p]mSp∂h\v ]´pw hfbpw kΩm\w \¬Ip∂
cmPmhv Hcp Ihnsb Xmcam°p∂Xpt]mse Hcp e£w cq]bpw
^vfm‰pw kΩm\w \¬Ip∂ Iº\n Ip´nIƒ°mbn amXrIIsf
krjv S n°p∂p. ]´pw hfbpw kΩm\w hmßn cmPmhns\
kv X pXn°p∂ AtX at\m`mhØn¬ Xs∂ e£w cq]bpw
^vfm‰pw kΩm\w hmßn Iº\nIsf hmgvØp∂ amXrIIƒ°v
\ΩpsS s]mXpkaqlØn¬ kzoImcyX e`n°p∂p. km[mcW
P\߃°n√mØ tijn CØcw amXrIIƒ°ps≠∂v
hnizkn°p∂Xpt]mseXs∂ \ΩpsS s]mXpkaqlØn¬
kv t ]m¨k¿sNøs∏Sp∂ PohnX߃°v \sΩ°mƒ
tijnbps≠∂v hnizkn°p∂p. kXyØn¬ Cu c≠nSØpw
tijnsb \n¿Æbn°p∂ LSIw ]W A[nImcamWv .
Ah¿°njvSap≈ ]m´pIƒ ]mSptºmgmWv \ap°v kΩm\w
\¬Ip∂Xv ; Ah¿°njv S ap≈Xpt]mse Pohn°ptºmgmWv
\ΩpsS PohnXsØ kv t ]m¨k¿ sNøp∂Xv . cmPmhns\
kvXpXn®v ]´pw hfbpw kz¥ am°nb Hcmƒ ASnÿm\h¿§
s]mXpkaqlØn\v amXrIbmIp∂Xpw kn\nam]m´p]mSn e£w
cq]bpw ^vfm‰pw Imdpsams° kz¥am°nb Hcp Ip´n kaImenI
s]mXpkaqlØn\v amXrIbmIp∂Xpw H∂mbnØocp∂Xv
cmPXzhpw kvt]m¨k¿jn∏pw H∂mbnØocp∂Xp t]msebmWv.
PmXobhpw hwiobhpw kmaqlnIhpamb ASnaØa\p`hn°p∂
Hcp sXmgnemfn cmPhmgvNtbmSv XmZmflyw {]m]n°p∂Xpw CtX
kmlNcyØnep≈ kaImenI sXmgnemfn kaqlw BtKmf
91
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
aqe[\i‡ntbmSv k‘nbnte¿s∏Sp∂Xpw Cu amXrIIsf
ap∂n¬\n¿ØnbmWv. Cßs\ ]W A[nImctØmSv k‘n
bnte¿s∏Sp∂ amXrIƒ cq]s∏Sp∂Xv F√mØn\pambn
Htcsbmcp amXrI krjvSn°m\mhns√∂ kmam\ybp‡nsb
adn®n´psIm≠mWv. Cu ]W A[nImchyhÿ krjvSns®SpØ
amXrIbmbn \n∂p≠mWv BtKmf aqe[\i‡nsb,
cmPhmgvNbpsS ]WA[nImcsØ, "IpSnsbmgn° ense' P≥an
kz]v\w ImWp∂Xv.
P≥an ""tZh-In-∂cb£-kw-Ko-X˛
°mhp-t]mepw IS-∂-h-km\w
hnZyp-ssZ-{µ-[-\p- p-Iƒ Nqgpw
kXy-ku-µcy tKm]pcw ]qIp∂Xv'' AXpsIm≠mWvv. ]t£
Cusbmcp temIw P≥anbpsS t_m[Ønte°v ISØnhnSp∂,
AZriykm∂n[yamb A[n- I m- c - Ø ns‚ "kuµ- c y- t Km- ] pcw'
kz]v\w-Im-Wp-tºmgpw Abmƒ°v Xm≥ IS-∂p-h-∂Xv ASn-ÿm-
\- h ¿§- Ø n¬\n- ∂ m- s W- ∂ p- ≈ t_m[yap≈XpsIm≠mWv
CSØc°mcs‚ [¿Ωk¶SØn¬\n∂v thdn´v ASnÿm\
h¿§Øn\pta¬ ]S¿∂ndßp∂ ]W A[nImcØns‚ a\xim
kv { XsØ shfns∏SpØns°m≠v IpSnsbmgn°ense P≥an
thdn´p\n¬°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠mWv Xs‚ ASnÿm\h¿§
{]Xn\n[m\ßsf B[nImch¿§{]Xybimkv{XØns\Xnsc
\n¿Øn ho≠phnNmcØnte¿s∏Sp∂Xv. Xs‚ A[zm-\-]-c-amb
I¿XrXzsØ `mh-\m-tem-IsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ D]tbmKn
°p∂nSØmWv
""X≈n-tb-dp-sa≥ ImXn,-sem-cqd
°≈p-\mdpw sXdn-bpsS ]qcw '' F∂v P≥an kΩXn°p∂Xv.
F∂m¬ Xs‚ sXmgn-em-fn-h¿§ I¿Xr-XzsØ kzoI-cn-°p-hmt\m
ASnat_m[Øne[njvTnXamb A[zm-\-]-c-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-
hmt\m P≥an Xøm-d-√.
""\osXm-gn-em-fn,-sb≥ IpSn-°m-c≥'' F∂v ]d-™p-d-∏n-®p-sIm≠v
Abmƒ AXn-\p-ta-semcp A[n-Imcw (Ds≠∂v hnizkn°p∂)
ÿm]n- ° m≥ {ian- ° p- ∂ Xv ImWmw. Xm≥ Hcp sXmgnemfn
t]mepa√mØ IpSnInS∏pImc\msW∂ t_m[yap≈XpsIm
≠mWv , X\n°pap∂n¬ ZriyamImØ km∂n[yap≈Xp
sIm≠mWv Aßs\bs√∂v hcpØnØo¿°phm\p≈ {iaw
\SØp∂Xv. Xs‚ B`nPmXyw HSphnset∏mtgm Iq´nt®¿Ø
XmsW∂pw AXv kz¥w AkvXnXzas√∂pw P≥an°v Adnbmw.
AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv
""sas√ Rms\-Wo,‰m`nPm-Xy-Øn≥
92
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
sh≈n-sI-´nb Nqc-ep-ambn'' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]t£ Cu
Iq´nt®¿°s∏´ A[nImcØn¬ P≥an kwi-bm-ep-hm-Wv. Xs‚
ASnÿm\h¿§ AkvXnXzsØ ad®p]nSn°pIbpw Nqcen¬
]nSn∏n® "sh≈n'bpsS amlmflyØn¬ Pohn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
A[zm\]camb I¿XrXzsØ XXvImew ASn®a¿Ønh®psIm≠v
A[nImcamXrIIƒ°v ASns∏´v Pohn°p∂ps≠¶nepw `mhn
ASnaØa\p`hn°p∂ sXmgn-emfn h¿§Ønt‚XmsW∂v \∂mbn
Adnbmw. Cu Adnhp≈XpsIm≠mWv Xs‚ D≈nep≈
sXmgnemfnh¿§ I¿XrXzw P≥ansb imkn°pIbpw sh≈n
sI´nbt]msebp≈ PohnXsØ, Iq´nt®¿°s∏´ B`nPmXysØ
]cnlkn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv.
""Fs∂ aqI-ambn imkn-®p-t]¿Øpw
\∂p \∂p \o h≥X-d-hmSn'' F∂v Bflhna¿i\Øn\v Xøm-
dm-Ip-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
""GXpw an≠msX, Xe-XmgvØn, t{]Xw-t]mse Iqc-bn-en-Sw-tX-
Sp∂'' jWvUo-I-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb krjvSn-°pI F∂Xv
cmPm[nImcØns‚bpw ]W-ap-X-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚bpw C—-bm-bn-cn-
°p-tºm-gmWv HcmfpsS "IpSn' AYhm aZy]m\w {]iv\ambn
Øocp∂Xv. "IpSnsbmgn°en¬' IpSn Hcp {]XnIcWamsW∂
Xncn®dnhp≠mIptºmgmWv IpSn BtcmKy{]iv\hpw kmaqly
{]iv\hpambn AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. A¥ntbmfw ]Wnsb
SpØv HSphn¬ I≈IØm°ptºmgmWv, hn{iaØn\v Ahkcw
e`n°ptºmgmWv IpSnbm\v Xs‚ IpSnbmbv a sb°pdn®v
Nn¥bp≠mIp∂Xpw aZyØns‚ elcnbn¬ `oXnbI∂v Abmƒ
cmPhmgv N bv s °Xnsc i_v Z apb¿Øp∂Xpw. kXyØn¬
aZyØns‚ B\pIqeyØn¬ Cusbmcp {]Xntj[w
Adnbn°ptºmƒ AXv Xncn®dnhpIqSnbmbnØocp∂p≠v .
{`m¥s‚ P¬]\߃ A[nImcØns‚ CSßsf DSs®dnbp
∂Xpt]mse. ChnsS HgnhpthfIƒ {][m\amWv . P\w
Xs∂°pdn®pw kaqlsØ°pdn®pw Nn¥n°pIbpw kwLSn
°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv Cu HgnhpthfIfpsS t{]cWbmemWv.
At∏mƒ HgnhpthfIƒ C√mXm°pI F∂Xv Hcp X{¥ambn
\ΩpsSbnSbn¬ AhXcn°pw. P≥anbpsS "hmXn-en¬ ZrVw ap´p-
∂'-Xpw- "th´ s]Æns\' X√p∂Xpw aZyØns‚ elcnbnemsW
∂p≈XpsIm≠v "IpSn'sbmgntb≠Xv IpSn°mcs‚ s]Æns‚
t£aØn\pth≠nbmsW∂phcp∂p. ""\osb¥nt\ I™n
tXhnh®Xv ? tNmsd\n°nt√'' F∂ sXmgnemfnbpsS tNmZysØ
ad®p]nSn®v , tNmdv as‰hnsStbm BWv , AXv P≥anbpsS
]pcbnemWv F∂p≈ kXysØ ad®p]nSn®v ""Hmcnbn´p\n¬°p∂
93
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Ip´nIƒ'' AXv Xncn®dnbpsa∂pw Ah¿ Xt∂mSv Cu tNmZy߃
tNmZnt®°msa∂p≈Xv Xncn®dn™p sIm≠pw th´s]Æns\
X√pt∂ms\∂phnfn®v IpSnsbmgnbWsa∂v P≥an Bt{Imin
°p∂p. X√psIm≈p∂Xv P≥anØamsW∂p≈Xp sIm≠mWv
InS°bn¬\ns∂Wo‰v sXmgnemfnbpsS IqcbnseØn Ahs\
imkn°p∂Xv. P≥anØØn\v {]lcta¬°p∂p F∂p t_m[y
ap≈XpsIm≠mWv Xdhm´nte°v aSßnh∂n´pw sXmgnemfnbpsS
imk\ P≥ansb th´-bm-Sp-∂-Xv.
""\n≥IpSn Hgn™oSWw, R߃
\n≥ IpSnsbmgn∏n°pas√¶n¬''
Cßs\ \nch[n tNmZy߃ sshtem-∏n≈n \ap-°p-ap-∂n¬
D∂bn°p∂p≠v. Cu tNmZy-߃ I≠n-s√-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ P≥an
Hcp CS-Ø-c-°m-c-\mb \njvI-f¶\mbn \ap°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Smw.
F∂m¬ sshtem-∏n≈n D∂-bn-°p∂ tNmZy-߬ \mw Xncn-®-dn-
bp-tºm-gmWv \ap-°p-ap-∂n¬ KqV-am-bn-cn-°p∂ A]-I-S-sØ-°p-
dn®v Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. P≥an°v A¥n-bp-≠-tijw \pW-bm≥
amwk-f-amb ]g-߃ kΩm-\n-°p-∂-Xm-cm-Wv..? saØ ssIhn-SmsX
lrZ-b-Øn¬ Xmtem-en-°p∂ Imhy-ta-XmWv; B k¶¬∏w Na-
bv°p-∂-Xm-cm-Wv..? tZh-In-∂cb£-kw-Ko-X-°m-hp-t]mepw IS∂v
sN√p∂ kXy-ku-µ-cy-tKm-]pcw Fhn-sS-bmWv; AXv Bcp-tS-Xm-
Wv..? Fs∂-√m-ap≈ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bvs°√mw
DØ- c at\zjn°m≥ P≥ansb \ntbmKn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
AXmbXv ]W A[nImchyhÿ \n¿Ωns®SpØ amXrIbmbn
XpScp∂nStØmfw AXv Fßs\bmWv Xs∂ kzmwioIcns®
SpØsX∂v , h¿§clnXambn Pohn°m≥ t{]cn∏n°p∂
sX¥n\mWv Fs∂√map≈ bmYm¿∞yw hnfn®p]dbm≥ P≥an
_m[yÿ\mWv. kaqltØmSv Abmƒ°v sNøm≥ Ignbp∂Xv
AXpam{XamWv. Aßs\ P≥ansb P≥anbm°nb, \ap-°p-ap-
∂n¬ shfn-s∏-SmsX ad-™n-cn-°p∂ B A[nImc i‡n-bmWv
Cu IrXn- b nse "AZr- i y- k m- ∂ n[yw'. At∏mƒ A[nImcw
AZriykm∂n[yambncn°ptºmƒ \ΩpsSap∂n¬ Zriykm∂n
[yambn amdp∂Xv sXmgnemfnbmWv . IrXnbpsS HSphn¬
AZriykm∂n[yamb A[nImcØns‚ ÿm\w ssIbS°n
s°m≠v Zriy˛ AZriyhn`P\Øns\Xnsc ]ckv]cw ]cnh¿Øn
∏n°p∂ P≥ansbbmWv sshtem- ∏ n≈n AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv .
Aßs\ AZriyambncp∂ A[nImcØns‚ ÿm\Øv
sXmgnemfnh¿§ kwLmS\w \nebpd∏n®psIm≠v A[nImcsØ
Zriyam°nØcp∂p. Aßs\ Cu AZr- i y- k m- ∂ n- [ yamb
A[nImcsØ°pdn®p≈ {]mYanI AdnhmWv IpSn-sbm-gn-°-ense
94
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
H∂mw JWvUw.
c≠v
kaqlw PUamsW∂phcptºmgmWv kac߃ cq]s∏Sp
∂Xv. t£{XtI{µnXambn kºØpIpan™pIqSpIbpw t£{X
`cWm[nImcnIƒ s]mXpkaqlØn\pta¬ B[n]Xyw ÿm]n
°pIbpw sNbv X t∏mgmWv kh¿ÆtI{µnXamb hne°p
Isf√mw s]m´ns®dnbm≥,t£{XsØØs∂ \ntj[n°phm≥
t£{X{]thi\kacw \S∂Xv. Irjn`qanbn¬ Fcns™mSp
ßm\√, adn®v PohnXw Irjn`qanbn¬ hnfbns®Spt°≠Xm
sW∂ t_m[yØn¬\n∂mWv I¿jIkac߃ cq]s∏´Xv. Cu
kacßsfms° kaqlsØ ]nt∂m´Sn°pIb√ apt∂m´p
]mbn°pIbmWv sNbvXn´p≈sX∂Xv \mw ]ckv]cw sXm´
dn™ A\p`hamWv . tIcf \thm∞m\w km[yambXn\p
]n∂n¬ CØcw Ht´sd kac߃ D≠mbn´p≠v. Cusbmcp
kXyw, AYhm kacw kaqlsØ Ne\mflIam°p∂psh∂
kXyw a\ nem°nbt∏mgmWv Chsb hnebvs°Sp°msa∂p≈
Bibw cq]s∏Sp∂Xv. hntamN\ kacØn\p]n∂n¬ kn sF
F bpsS kmºØnI CS]mSpIƒ shfn®ØpsIm≠ph∂Xv Cu
kwibsØ km[qIcn°p∂Xmbn. IΩyqWnÃv BibØn\v
{]m_eyap≠mIp∂Xv t\cn¬°≠, ASnaØw Hgn™p
t]mIp∂Xv AkzÿXtbmsS Xncn®dn™ apXemfnØ GP‚p
am¿ \ΩpsSbnSbnep≈hsc ]Ww ImWn®v Iq´pImcm°pIbm
bncp∂p F∂v C∂v \Ωƒ Xncn®dnbp∂p≠v . At∏mgmWv
kac߃ krjvSn°s∏SpIbpw kackJm°sf Iq´pImcm°p
Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≠v kacclnXamb, cmjv{Sob clnXamb Hcp
s]mXpkaplsØ hm¿sØSp°msa∂ k¶¬∏\Øn\v
i‡nhcp∂psh∂v hnfn®p]dtb≠nhcp∂Xv. sXmgnemfnh¿§
kacØn\p]Icw PmXobhpw hwiobhpamb kac߃
krjvSn°s∏SpIbpw a\pjy I¿XrXzsØ ]Icwh®psIm≠v
sshImcnI kac߃ cq]s∏SpIbpw A[nImcw AZriyambn
\n∂psIm≠v hy‡nIsfbpw hwißsfbpw Zriyam°pIbpw
sNøp∂Xv Cu kmlNcyØnemWv.
ssewKnIkpJw F∂Xv sshImcnI A\p`hamsW∂Xp
t]mse CXn\pth≠nbp≈ kacßfpw sshImcnIamWv .
AXmbXv ]pcpj≥am¿°v ]ckv]cw hnhmlw Ign°Wsa∂pw
kv{XoIƒ°v ]ckv]cw hnhmlw Ign°Wsa∂pw Bhiyw
cq]s∏SpIbpw C°q´cn¬ Nne¿ ssewKnI \yq\]£ambn
kwLSn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. CXv sshb‡nIhpw sshImcnIhpw
am{Xamb ASnØdbn¬; Zriykm∂n[yambn \n∂psIm≠v
95
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
CØcw \ne]mSpIfnte°v s]mXpkaqlsØ kzmwioIcn°m≥
{ian°pIbpw sNøptºmgmWv AsXmcp sshImcnI kacambn
amdp∂Xv. ChnsS H‰sbm‰bmbn cq]s∏Sp∂ kac߃ kacc
lnXamb, cmjv{Sob clnXamb CObnte°mWv \sΩ Iq´n
s°m≠pt]mIp∂Xv. ChnsS apXemfn ØØns‚ CObpw \ΩpsS
C—bpw H∂mbnØocp∂p. At∏mƒ apXemfn \√ Iq´pImcs‚
thjØn¬ H∏w tNcp∂p. kacØn\v ]Ww apS°p∂p.
Cßs\ Iq´pImc\mbn amdp∂ P≥ansb \ap°v c≠mw
JWvUØn¬ ImWmw.
Xs‚ Zp¿K-Xn°v ImcWw "P≥an-bmb' Hcm-f-s√∂pw \nKq-V-
am-°-s∏´ AZr-iy-km-∂n-[y-ß-fp-s≠∂pw AXns‚ i‡n hfsc
hen-b-Xp-am-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-tºm-gmWv \ne-\n¬∏n-\p-th-≠n-
bp≈ t]mcm-´-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
""Zpjv{]-`p-∏p-e-bm-Sn-Iƒ ]m¿°p˛
an∏p-c-bv°n-Sn-sh-´p-sIm-≈s´'' F∂v i]n-®p-sIm≠v \thm∞m\
ImeL´Ønse s]mXpkaqlw P≥an-bpsS ]Sn-∏p-c-tbmfw \S-
∂-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. At∏m-tgm....!
""kvt\ln-X≥ t]mse \n≥I-c-am¿∂p
tKl-ap-‰-Øp-sIm≠p \n¿Øp-I-bmWv''. sXmgn-emfn H‰-Xn-
cn™v t]mcn-\n-d-ßp-tºm-gm-Wv AXnsemcphn`mKsØ Iq´pImcm
°pI F∂ {]{Inb apX-em-fn-am¿°v Ffp-∏-am-Ip-∂Xv. sXmgn-em-
fn-h¿§ kwLm-S-\-Øn¬\n∂I∂v H‰-Xn-cn™v ]S-\bn°msa∂
taml-Øn-\p-ta¬; Xo{h-hmZ]c-amb A`n-em-j-Øn-\p-ta¬ ]t£
I\Ø {]lcamtW¬t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv.
""Zmcp-sh-´p-hm-s\-∂-t]m-ep∂w
Zqc-sa-∂nh sNm∆n-\p-t\m°n'' \sΩ ASn-®p-ho-gvØm-sa-∂p-h-
cp-tºmƒ kwL-t_m-[-Øn¬\n-∂-I∂ "sXmgn-emfn \n∂p-hn-
dbvt°' FXn¿]£Øv \nKq-V-am-°-s∏´ BtKm-f-ap-X-em-fnØ
i‡n-bpsS A[nImcØns‚ hnPbamWv sIm≠mSs∏Sp∂Xv
F∂v sshtem∏n≈n t_m[yam°nØcp∂p≠v.
""t]mcn¬ shs∂m-c-]q¿∆nI c‡˛
[mc Xmhp-sa≥ Xqhew ssIbm¬'' F∂v At±lw Hm¿Ω-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. hn`-P-\-a√ GtIm-]-\-amWv i‡n-sb-∂pw, Xo{h-
hm-Z-ka-c-a√ h¿§-k-a-c-amWv i‡n-sb∂pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp--I-bm-Wn-
hn-sS. Iq´mbvahn´n-dßn t]mcm-´-sa∂ taml-Øn\v Xncn-®-Sn-In-´p-
Ibpw GXpw an≠msX Xe-XmgvØn t{]Xw-t]mse Iqc-bn-te°v
aS-tß-≠n-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv Cusbmcp t_m[yw km[y-
am-Ip-∂Xv.
sXmgn-emfn P≥an-s°-Xnsc Xncn-bp-tºmgpw P≥an sNIn-´-Ø-
96
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Sn-°p-tºmgpw A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw Xncn-®-dn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. AXv ASn-
ÿm-\-h¿§w GXp-\n-an-jhpw X\n-s°-Xnsc Xncn-bm-sa∂pw IqSp-
X¬ PmK-cq-I-am-I-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ t_m[y-am-W-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
""amgvIp-sa≥I-cƒ a{¥Ww sNbvXp:
""lm Ipeo-\-tX, \ob-Sn-sIm≠p!'' F∂v P≥an Xncn-®-dn-bp
-∂-Xv.
aq∂v
sXmgnemfn h¿§sØ Iq´p]nSn®v Hcp kacsØ hnebvs°
Sp°msa∂Xpt]mse \ΩpsS sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-hßsfbpw hne-
bvs°-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw. ImcWw \ΩpsS kmaqlnIa\ v
ASnÿm\h¿§Ønt‚XmbXpsIm≠pw \ap°nSbn¬ A[nImcn
h¿§amXrIIƒ \ne \n¬°p∂p F∂p≈XpsIm≠pw Ipd®v
A[zm\w IqSpX¬ em`w F∂ kq{XhmIyw \sΩ kzm[n\n
°p∂XpsIm≠pamWv. {]Wbap]tbmKn®v Hcmsf, Hcp h¿KsØ
kzmwioIcn°msa∂p≈ apXemfnØ bp‡nt]mse AtX
{]Wbw sIm≠v A[nImc amXrIIsf IogS°msa∂ ASnbmf
bp‡nbn¬ kXyØn¬ {]Wbw F∂ sshImcnIm\p`hØn\v
I®hSkz`mhw h∂ptNcpIbmWv . Cu AhkcØnemWv
sXmgnemfnh¿§ t_m[w apXemfnØ t_m[hpambn k‘nbn
te¿s∏Sp∂Xv . AXmbXv cm{„obamb kwLSn°eneqsS
A[nImc˛ ASnbmf _‘sØ s]mfns®dn™v kaXzw krjvSn
°msa∂ ASnÿm\h¿§ C—bv ° p]pdØp IS∂psIm≠v
A[nImctØmSptN¿∂p\n∂v AXns‚ `mKamImsa∂
tamlap≠mIptºmgmWv apXemfnØ bp‡nbpw ASnbmf
bp‡nbpw ]ckv]cw ssItIm¿°p∂Xv. Aßs\ ssItIm¿°p
tºmgmWv kz¥w h¿§Øn\p≈n¬ thdn´p\n∂psIm≠v as‰mcp
{]hrØn ]Yw cq]s∏SpIbpw AXv h¿§]camb apt∂‰sØ
]nt∂m´phen°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv. {]Wbw F∂p-≈Xv kmap-Zm-
bnI bp‡n-Iƒ°-∏pdw \n¬°p∂ H∂m-b-Xp-sIm≠v, {]Wb
]mc-hiyw A‘-amb bm{X-bm-sW-∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v, {]W-bn-°pI
F∂Xv hnπh kz`m-h-am-sW-∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v AXns\ hne-bvs°-
Sp-°pI F∂Xv kv{Xosb hne-bvs°-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, kaq-
lsØ hne-bvs°-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, hnπ-hsØ hne-bvs°-Sp-°p-
∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ H∂m-sW∂phcp∂p. At∏m-gmWv
""iymaamw {Kma-a-Æp-s]-s‰mcp s]¨sIm-Sn-bn¬'' P≥an-bpsS
{i≤ ]Xn-bp-∂-Xv. "{Kma-aÆv s]s‰m-cp-s]Æv' F∂v {]tXyIw
]d-bp-∂Xv B¨a \mK-cn-I-amWv F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. \mK-cn-
I-\mb P≥an ImWp∂, {]W-bn-°m≥ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ s]Æn\v
IrXy-amb e£-W-ap-≠v.
97
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 ""]£va-f-ßfmw I¨I-fn-tetXm
Zp:J `mh\n-g¬ s]Sp-thmtf'' F∂v \o´n hnfn-°p-∂Xv A_-
ebpw Ai-c-W-bp-am-b, Ip¶p-a-∏q-h-dp-°p∂, BSn-\p-th≠n ]m¬h-
≈n-Iƒ ]dn-°p∂ sXmgn-em-fn-h¿§ s]Æm-Wv F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm-
≠m-Wv.
""lm, hnjm-Z-ta-tX-Xp, hnZq-c˛
]q¿∆ P≥a ]p\:kvarXn-bmthm'' F∂v hne-]n-°p-∂n-SØv Hcp
henb hn`mKw P\-X-bpsS Zp:JØns‚ `mK-am-Wv Ah-sf∂v DØ-
a-t_m-[y-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v B Hcp Iq´m-bva-bn¬\n∂v s]Æns\
AS¿Øn-am-‰p∂Xv h¿§mSnØdbn¬ hn≈ep≠m°p∂Xns‚ Hcp
\√ XpS°amWv.
""F∂psSsbm® tI´pth thdn˛
s´∂p ]nt‰∂v tNmZn°p∂''XcØnte°v s]Æns\ ]cnh¿
Øn∏n°m≥ km[n®p F∂p≈nSØmWv ]W A[nImcw \sΩ
hioIcn°p∂Xns\°pdn®v t_m[yap≠mIp∂Xv. Xs‚ Iq´mbva
bn¬ \n∂v thdns´mcp i_vZtam A\p`htam ASnØdtbm
Cs√∂p≈ bmYm¿Yyw A[oiØ {]Xyb imkv{Xw ad®p]nSn®p
sIm≠mWv h¿§]camb Iq´mbvabn¬\n∂v AS¿Ønam‰n Hcp
{Kmas∏Æns\ Zriykm∂n[yam°n am‰p∂Xv . Cßs\
Zriykm∂n[yambn ]cnh¿Øn°s∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂ a\ p
Iƒ°v CXp]t£ t_m[yambns°m≈Wsa∂n√. AXp-sIm-
≠mWv
""XmWh¿§ØnemInepw, kz—˛
am\k{Kma]pjv]ta \ns∂
tamXncss° ]nSn®pRmt\‰pw
taZpct{]asas‚ \mIØn¬'' F∂v ]dbp∂Xv ]ptcmKXnbpsS
A\¥ km[yXbmsW∂v sX‰n≤cn°p∂Xv.
""amdpamZ¿iip≤nX≥ap∂n¬
am\hs°Sp\oXnIsf√mw'' F∂p]d™v ]pXnsbmcp temIw,
AXmbXv sI´ \oXnIƒ C√mXmIp∂ Hcp temIw hcpsa∂v
hmKvZm\w \¬Iptºmƒ \ΩpsS a\ v AXmWv bmYm¿∞ysa∂v
IcpXp∂p. Hcp hmbv ] \¬In \ΩpsS PohnX kmlNcyw
Db¿Ømsa∂p ]dbp∂Xp \Ωƒ hnizkn®Xpt]mse, Hcp
`mKy°pdnhmßntbm hnt‰m PohnX kmlNcyw sa®s∏SpØm
sa∂v ]d™Xv \Ωƒ hnizkn®Xpt]mse. Cu c≠phgnIfpw
Xpd°p∂Xv hn]Wnbnte°msW∂p≈Xv AZriyambncn°p∂
A[nImc bp‡nbmWv. ]´nWn am‰m\√ adn®v Imdphmßm\pw
_w•mhp]Wnbm\pw ^¿Wn®¿ hmßm\psams°bmWv
hmbv]Xcp∂Xv F∂Xv \ap°v Adnbmambncp∂n´pw \Ωƒ B
98
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
hgn°v t]mIp∂p. sXm≠pX√n Pohn® s]Æv tem´dnhn¬∏\
Xncs™Sp °p∂Xv D]Poh\Øn\√ adn®v PohnXkmlNcyw
sa®s∏SpØm\mWv (Sn hn bnse `mKy°pdnbpsS ]ckyw).
AXmbXv A[zm\]camb sXmgnemfn I¿XrXzØn¬\n∂v amdn
A[zm\clnXamb D]cnh¿§ s]mXpkaqlØnte°v
ASpØp\n∂psIm≠v PohnXw Icp∏nSn∏n°m sa∂p≈
anYybmWv \sΩ `cn°p∂Xv . sXm≠pX√n Ibdp≠m°p∂
Xns\°mƒ sa®s∏´ PohnXamWv tem´dnhn‰m¬ e`n°p∂Xv
F∂phcp∂Xv t\ctØ ]d™ amXrIIsf ap≥\n¿ØnbmWv.
tem´dn F∂Xv `mKyamWv F∂p≈Xpw `mKyw F∂p≈Xv
kpJamsW∂p≈Xpw "kpJw hn¬°p∂Xv' anI®XmsW∂pap≈
k¶¬∏\߃ \Ωƒ cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°p∂p. Aßs\ kpJw
hn¬°p∂ kv{XoIsf s]mXp\ncØn¬ \Ωƒ I≠pap´p∂p.
sXmgnemfn kv { XotbmSp≈ {]Wbw Ahsf thiymhrØn
bnte°v \bn°p∂ CtX {]Xybimkv{X ]cnkcØnemWv
IpSnsbmgn°ense P≥an°v sXmgnemfn kv{XotbmSp {]Wb
ap≠mIp∂Xv . taml\ hmKv Z m\߃ \¬In hiØm°nb
s]Ænt\mSv P≥an
""Bcpamcpta I≠oe, cmtKm
ZmcIqP\cayamw cwKw''
.................................................
""A√ I≠pt]membXpKqVw
Zp¿√fnX\mw \o sXmgnemfn'' F∂v ]dbp∂Xphsc \Ωƒ
Cu kXyw Xncn®dnbp∂n√. Aßs\ ]dtb≠Xps≠∂pw AXv
\ap°v t_m[ys∏SpØnØtc≠Xv Xs‚ DØchmZnØ
amsW∂pw P≥an°v Xncn®dnhp≈XpsIm≠mWv CØcØnsemcp
P≥ansb AhXcn∏n® sshtem∏n≈n Hcp almIhnbpw
"IpSnsbmgn°¬' ""almImhyhpw'' BIp∂Xv. ASnÿm\h¿§
s]mXpkaqlØn¬\n∂v AI∂psIm≠v A[zm\clnXamb
apXemfnØ a\ pambn CWßnt®¿∂v , Iq´mbv a bn¬\n∂v
AS¿∂pamdn ZriyhXv I cn°s∏´ AXmbXv BZ¿ihXv I
cn°s∏´ {]Wbw F∂Xv icoctI{µnXw am{Xamb t`mtKO
bmWv F∂v Cu IrXn \ap°v t_m[ys∏SpØnØcp∂p. ImcWw
Cu {]Wbw P≥anbpsStbm s]Æns‚tbm kmaqlnI
t_m[sØ bmsXmcphn[Ønepw ]cnh¿Øn∏n°p∂n√.
icoctI{µnX ambn hkvXphXvIcn°s∏´ s]Æv \S∂Sp°p∂Xv
{]Wbw km[yamIp∂ kmaqly PohnXØnte°√ adn®v
hn]WnhXv I cn°s∏´ thiymhrØnbnte°mWv . AXp
sIm≠mWv
99
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 ""hoWX≥IpSwt]memw \nXw_w'' tImcn amtdmSptN¿Ø
P≥antbmSv k‘nbnte¿s∏´ s]Ænt\mSv
""s]m≥]WØn\p am\sØhn‰p
\n≥hb¿ \o \ndbv°tbm _mte'' F∂v sXmgnemfn Iq´mbva
tNmZn°p∂Xv. F∂m¬ P≥an-bpsS t{]a-Øm¬ {Kma-s∏Æns‚
Pohn-X-]-cn-XkcØn\v ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂-Xp-t]mse
Xs∂ BZ¿i-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏´v thiym-hrØnbn-te°v Iq∏p-Ip-Øp-
∂p-an-√. AhnsS hnπ-h-Im-cn-bpsS DZ-b-amWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.
\mev
P≥anØØns‚ ]´Sbn¬ ]ndhnsbSp°p∂Xv sXmgnemfn
h¿§ k¿∆m[n]XyamsW∂v \Ωƒ Xncn®dn™ Ncn{XbmYm¿
YyamWv . P≥anØØn\v F√m°meØpw Aßs\ Xs∂
XpScm\mhns√∂pw AhcpsS inckpIƒ "\mcp\mcmbn \c®v'
i‡nbn√mXmbnØocpsa∂pw t_m[yap≠mIptºmgmWv
""h≥]IsbcnXobn\m¬ ZpjvS˛
P≥ansbs‚ ]pcbv ° pXoh®p'' F∂pXncn®dnbpIbpw
"t\¿Ø IØntbmßn' P≥anØØns\ t\cn´psIm≠v sXmgn
emfnh¿§w s]mXpkaqØn¬ apt∂‰adnbn°pIbpw sNbvXXv.
Aßs\bmWv ""sXmgnemfnh¿§Øns‚ h¿§kacØn\pw
apXemfnØØns‚ \ioIcWØn\pw tkmjyenkØns‚
\n¿ΩmWØn\pap≈ D]IcWsa∂ \nebv°v sXmgnemfnh¿§
k¿∆m[n]Xysa∂ cmjv { Sob hyhÿ'' (2) \nehn¬h∂Xv .
CXns\ØpS¿∂v cq]s∏´ s]mXpkaqlw D≥aqe\w sNøs∏´n
´n√mØ [\nIcpw, apXemfnamcpw, hnhn[ cmjv{Sob Xm¬]cy
ap≈hcpw Hs° Dƒs∏Sp∂ H∂mWv . A[nImcw F∂
Xm¬]cysØ ap≥\n¿Øn Cu s]mXpkaqlw {[phoIcn°
s∏SpIbpw s]mXpkaqlw Cu {[qhßfnsem∂n¬ I£n
tNcpIbpw sNbv X p. ChnsS ASnasb∂pw DSasb∂pap≈
at\m`mhØn\v Abhph∂v D≈h\pw C√mØh\psa∂
kmºØnI _‘w cq]s∏Sp∂Xv ImWmw. ChnsS kºØv
A[nImcsØ \n¿Æbn°pIbpw cq]s∏SpØpIbpw sNøp
∂p≠v . P≥anØw Ahkm\n°pIbpw P\m[n]Xyw DZbw
sNøpIbpw sNbv X ImeL´ØnemWv apXemfnØw ]W
A[nImc ambn s]mXpkaqlØn¬ CSs]´Xv. Cu A[nImcw
Hcp hn`mKsØ \ni_vZcm°pIbpw XßfpsS Im¬°ogn¬
sIm≠phcnIbpw sNøp∂p≠v. AXn\p]pdw Xncn™p\n¬°p
∂hsc D≥aqe\w sNøpItbm kzmwioIcn°pItbm sNøp∂p
ap≠v. X\n°v A[nImcap s≠∂v hnizkn°p∂ P≥an
""thesNøn®p X{X Rm≥ Nn¥m
100
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
teme[qanI \n¿Ωn®p\n¬t°'' P≥anbpsS A[nImcsØ
{]Xntcm[n®psIm≠pw AXns\ A\pIcn®psIm≠pw
""hoSpImhemw ]ø≥
hoSn hmbn¬ hn]ØpIØn°p∂Xv'' \Ωƒ ImWp∂p. ChnsS
_oUnhen F∂ {]{Inb hncp≤kz`mhØn¬ \nebpd∏n°p∂
H∂mWv . apXemfnØØns‚ A[nImcsØ Fcn®S°n
h¿§]camb DW¿®bv°v hgn]mIp∂Xpt]mse kzbsacn™p
Xocp∂ sshcp≤yamWXv. P≥an°v ]WnsbSp∏n®v _oUn]pI®v
ckn°msa∂phcnIbpw sXmgnemfn]ø≥ Aßs\ A[nImcsØ
A\pIcn°p∂Xv hn]Øp IØn°emsW∂pw hcp∂p. A[zm\
_mlyamb kpJØns‚ ]S¿∂nd°w ChnsS D≈XpsIm≠mWv
]øs‚ _oUnhen hn]Ømbn amdp∂Xv . ImcWw P≥an
X\n°ps≠∂v hnizkn°p∂ A[nImc Ønte°v kzmwioIcn°
s∏´ ]øs\bmWv \ap°nhnsS ImWm\mhpI. Cu kpJtamlw
kaqlsØØs∂ Nps´cn°psa∂pw hcp∂p. apXemfnØw
B{Kln°p∂Xv Cu Fcn™SßemWv. B A[nImc Øns‚
CO \S∏m°nb NmcnXm¿∞yØn¬
""s]m≥aecWns°m∂t]m¬ s]m≥It≠m
a¨ads™msc≥ ImcWh≥am¿'' F∂p]d™psIm≠v
P≥an Xs‚ ]q¿∆ amXrIIfnte°v , AZriykm∂n[yamb
A[nImcØns‚ B⁄Ifnte°v aSßnt∏mhpIbmWv
sNøp∂Xv.
ASnÿm\ h¿§Øns‚ Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏pIsf Np´pIcn®v
Fßs\bmtWm Hcp P\Xsb ASnabm°n h®Xv, AXns‚
Imem\pkrXamb ]cnh¿Ø\amWv _oUnØobn¬ IpSnse
cnbp∂Xv . BZyL´Øn¬ h¿§t_m[an√mØ P\XbpsS
A[zm\amWv Ahs‚ ASnaØØn\pImcWsa¶n¬ ]n∂oSpw
Ahs\ \in∏n°p∂Xv h¿§mSnØdbn√mØ A[zm\clnXamb
BekyamWv . IrXnbpsS Ahkm\Øn¬ sshtem∏n≈n
C°mcyw ]dbp∂p≠v.
""A°n\mhpamlzm\hpw Xp—˛
am°n Rßfekambn hmgvtI'' InS∏mSw \jvSs∏´v F√pw
tXmepambn amdnb P\°q´sØ sshtem∏n≈n AhXcn∏n
°p∂p.
h¿§t_m[Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠v ]WnsbSp°pI F∂p≈Xv
A\nhmcyamWv F∂v ChnsSbmWv \Ωƒ Xncn®dnbp∂Xv .
c≠pL´Ønepap≈ \miw bYm¿∞Øn¬ apXemfnØØns‚
kw`mh\bmsW∂v Xncn®dn™XpsIm≠mWv
""IØnb]pc ImWth, \o¿Ø
101
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 IØntbmßn P≥anbpsS t\¿s°Øp∂Xpw''
""h≥]IsbcnXobn\m¬ ZpjvS˛
P≥ansbs‚ ]pcbv°p Xoh®p'' F∂v Bt{Imin°p∂Xpw.
kXyØn¬ ChnsS \Ωƒ Hcp Bib°pg∏ØnemWv. \sΩ
\in∏n®Xv P≥anbmsW∂v DØa t_m[yap≠mbncnt°
\ap°bmsf B{Ian°m≥ Ignbp∂n√. B{IaWØn\v Xp\nbp
tºmƒ I≠Xv
""]´pssIIfn¬ ssaem©ntXt®m˛
scm´pamhpIƒ \n∂phndbvIp∂''XmWv. ChnsS P≥an°v Hcp
c£Is‚ ÿm\amWv. s]¨Ip´nIfpsS c£I\mb Hcphs\
B{Ian°ptºmƒ Ip´nIfpsS ÿnXnsb¥mIpsa∂p≈ i¶
\sΩ AXn¬\n∂v ]n¥ncn∏n°p∂p. IqcIØn®Xv \ns‚
aI≥Xs∂sb∂v ]d™pd∏n°pIIqSn sNøptºmƒ \ΩpsS
A\pIºsb Ffp∏w hnebv s °Sp°m≥ km[n°p∂p.
hoSpImhemb \n≥ sNdp]ø≥ Xs∂bmWv hoSn hmbn¬
hn]ØpIØn®sX∂v hnizkn∏n®v [\klmbw \¬IpIbpw
sNøp∂p. ChnsS P≥an°v k∂≤kwLS\ IfpsS kz`mhamWv.
\ap°v tcmKw kΩm\n®v AXns\ C√mXm°m≥ ]Ww
apS°p∂Xpt]mse H∂v . P≥an ]dbp∂Xpt]mse \ns‚
hn]ØpIƒ°v \obmWv ImcWsa∂pw AXn¬\n∂v \o
DWcWsa∂pw \ns‚ Db¿®bv ° v Rm≥ [\klmbw
\¬Imsa∂pw Ah¿ \tΩmSp]dbp∂p. \ns‚ t`mtK— \ns∂
FbnUvkv F∂ Zpc¥ Ønte°v \bn°ptºmƒ K¿`\ntcm[\
DdIƒ kuP\yabn kΩm\n®v AXn¬\n∂v R߃
c£s∏SpØmw F∂v Ah¿ ]dbp∂p. \ap°v FbnUv BsW∂v
BcmWv ]d™Xv Ft∂m Cu tcmKw \ap°v kΩm\n®Xv
BcmsWt∂m D≈ At\zjWw \ΩpsS `mKØp\n∂v
D≠mIp∂n√. ssewKnI sXmgnemfnIƒ°v AØcw tPmen
XpScmsa∂v ]d™psIm≠v AhcpsS Ip™pßsf hf¿Øm≥
kwLS\Iƒ cq]oIcnt°≠Xps≠∂pw AXn\mbn ]Ww
\¬Im≥ XømdmhpIbpw sNøp∂Xv alXzamsW∂phcptºmƒ
thiymhrØn F¥psIm≠v D≥aqe\w sNøs∏´pIqS F∂v \mw
tNmZn°mXncn°p∂p. Aßs\ \ap°v almhym[nIƒ kΩm\n®v
AXns\Xnsc t_m[hXv I cWw \SØpIbpw \ΩpsS
s]Æpßsf kz]v \ temIsØØn®v thiymhrØnbnte°v
X≈nbn´psIm≠v Ip´nIsf ZsØSp°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v
hn]Wnsb tkh\am°n am‰p∂p. Cu tkh\taJebpsS Hcp
hmXn¬ Xpd°p∂v hn]Wn°ItØ°msW∂v \mw Xncn®dn
bmsX t]mIp∂p.
102
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
A©v
ZpcnXap≠mIptºmgmWv "ZpcnXmizmk \n[nIƒ' cq]s∏Sp
∂Xv. Ch \ap°v h®p\o´p∂Xv ∑apsS Pohs‚ hnebmWv.
HcpXp≠p `qanbn¬, sN‰∏pcbn¬ \Ωƒ kzcp°q´nsbSp°p∂
PohnXsØ A[nImchyhÿbpsS Iogn¬h®v
""]Øpsh≈n X∂Xphmßn bØdbnSw hn´v '' Hgn™p
t]mIptºmƒ ]W˛ A[nImc hyhÿ \ap°v h®p\o´p∂
]Ww, klmb[\w \ap°v PohnXsØ Xncn®p]nSn°m\p≈
Xs√∂pw, A[nImcsØ \n¿Æbn°p∂Xv hn]WnbmsW∂p≈
XpsIm≠v hn]Wnbnte°p≈ apX¬apS°mWo klmb[\
sa∂pw Xncn®dntb≠Xp≠v.
dnb¬FtÉpImc\pth≠n \ΩpsS InS∏mSw Hgn™p
sImSp°p tºmƒ In´p∂ ]WØn¬ Ah¿ AhnsS \n¿Ωn°p∂
^v f m‰pIfn semscÆw kz¥am°msa∂ tamlapbcp∂p.
Aßs\ ^v f m‰ns‚ hn¬∏\bv ° v Hcmsf Xcs∏SpØm≥
klmb[\Øn\v IgnbpIbpw B ]Ww h∂nStØ°pXs∂
Xncn®pt]mhpIbpw sNøp∂p. `‡n hyhkmbØn¬ `‡sc
\n¿Ωn°pI F∂Xv A\nhmcyambncn°p tºmƒ Iqc
\jv S s∏´h\v hoSp\n¿Ωn®p\¬In Ahsc kzmwioIcn°m
sa∂phcp∂p. Aßs\ A[nImcw F√mØns\bpw kzmwio
Icn°pIbpw AS°nhbv ° pIbpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬
klmb[\Øn¬ Xs‚ IpSpw_sØ Xo‰nt∏m‰ptºmƒ, as‰mcp
PohnXØn\v km[yX tXSptºmgmWv {]iv\w. \ΩpsS Xo\pw
IpSnbpw \Ωfnte°v FØp ∂XpsIm≠v AXv a‰mcptStbm
C—bv°v FXncmsW∂p≈XpsIm≠v, \ΩpsS Xo\pw IpSnbpw
a‰mtcm \nb{¥n°p∂p F∂p≈XpsIm≠v [\klmbw
kzoIcn®v ]´nWnam‰p∂Xv AkzoImcyambnØocp∂p.
""F¥p]{Zhw; As∏mgpXs{X
Fs‚ sh≈nbm¬ I≈IØm°n'' F∂v ]dbptºmƒ
klmb[\w sXmgnemfn°v kz¥as√∂pw AXv P≥anbptS
XmsW∂pw hy‡amWv. kz¥w PohnXØn\v A[nImc hyhÿ
\¬Ip∂ ]Ww D]tbmKn®v AXns\ adnInS°m≥
{ian°p∂nSØmWv "\µntISns‚ {]Xntcm[w' cq]s∏Sp∂Xv.
A[nImcØns‚ C—bv ° \pkcn®v Ah¿ \¬Ip∂ ]Ww
hn\ntbmKn°ptºmƒ ]t£ amXrIbmhpIbpw sNøpw. ]W
A[nImc apXemfnØ hyhÿ \n¿Ωns®SpØ CØcw
amXrIIƒ \ne\n¬°p∂ kmlNcyØnemWv \µn{]IS\w
kzoImcyamIp∂Xpw klmb[\w BcptSXv F∂ tNmZyw
D∂bn°s∏SmsXbncn°p∂Xpw.
103
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 ]pXnb hoSns‚ Xmt°m¬ G‰phmßn Cu hoSns‚ sFizcyw
]Ww X∂h\msW∂v ap{ZIpØn \µnImWn°p∂Xpt]mse,
{]m¿Y\m tbmK߃ \SØn \µnImWn°p∂Xpt]mse Hcp
amXrI \ap°v kzoImcyamWv. Aßs\hcptºmgmWv A[nImc
tI{µßƒ sNe hm°p∂ ]Ww \ap°p≈ hnebmbn amdp∂Xv.
AXns\ FXn¿ t°≠nhcptºmƒ Ah≥ \µnsI´h\mbpw
\µnsI´h≥ shdp°s∏´h\mbpw kaqlØn¬ AhXcn∏n°
s∏Sp∂p.
""\nµbmfoXm§m\Ønses‚
I¿Æ\mfoaeØn\pt]mepw'' F∂v ]dbp∂Xv AXpsIm
≠mWv. cmPmhns\ kvXpXn®v kΩm\w ]‰p∂h¿ cmPhmgvN
bvs°Xnsc kwkmcn°p∂Xv \µntISmIp∂Xpt]mse, ]W
A[nImc ÿm]\ ßfpsS kΩm\∏Ww ]‰n AXns\Xnsc
hmZn°p∂Xv \µntISmIp ∂Xpt]mse, \Ωƒ B{Kln°p∂Xv
\µnbp≈ amXrIIfmIm\mWv. CØcw amXrIƒ cq]s∏Sp∂
kmlNcyØns\Xnsc kacw sNøp∂XpsIm≠mWv "IpSnsbmgn
°ense' sXmgnemfn°v
""Hcp almIhnt]mepw almI]nt]mepw
s]cpa`mhn®v sNmdn™ncn∏q
I\nhns‚ IÆp\o¿ IecmØ Icfns‚
IhnXbnsXms°bpw I]Sat√'' F∂v tNmZnt°≠nhcp∂Xv.
Xs‚ Poh\v hne]dbp∂ A[nImcsØ tNmZyw sNbvXpsIm≠v
hne t]iens‚ X{¥w a\ nem°n sXmgnemfn kzbw
]cnh¿Øn°pIbpw A[nImc tI{µsØ AYhm P≥ansb
]cnh¿Øn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂ D∂Xamb kmaqlyt_m[Øn¬
FØn\n¬°pIbmWv A©mw JWvUw.
""t]mIt]msItSm \o Ihnb,√m˛
{]mIrX\mWv kmlnXyImc≥'' F∂v P≥an°pw Xncn®dnhp
≠mIp∂Xv AXn\memWv.
Bdv
A[nImc X{¥ßsf°pdn®v t_m[yap≠mhpIbpw Aßs\
\ΩpsS ASnat_m[w C√mXmhpIbpw sNøp∂nSØmWv
kac߃ cq]s∏Sp∂Xv. ChnsS kacw F∂Xv h¿§kacamWv.
AXv Hcp henb {]hmlamWv. kaqlØnse "sISp\oXnIsf'
XpS®pam‰n amXrIIsf DSs®dn™v hnπhw km[yam°p∂
{]{Inb. ChnsS s]mXpkaqlw F∂Xv cmjv{SobhXvIcn°s∏´
Hcp henb kwLamWv. hnthN\ clnXamb Hcp Iq´mbva. Cu
kwLamWv ]W A[nImc˛ P≥anØ ˛ apXemfnØØns\Xnsc
]S\bn°p∂Xv . ChnsS P\w kwLSn®v ]S\bn°p∂Xv
104
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
sshImcnIamb√. A[nImc hyhÿ apt∂m´ph® tIhe
hnImcßsf ]ngpXpam‰n s]Æpw BWpw ASßp∂ B_me
hr≤w P\ßfpw t]mcmSm\ndßpIbmWv . ]n¥pWbpambn
ASnabm°n sIm∂pX≈s∏´ ]q¿∆nI kvarXnIfpw c‡km£n
Xzßfpw. AXpsIm≠mWv P≥an amdp]nf¿∂v "lrZbip≤n'
shfns∏Sp Øptºmƒ
""sXm≠pI≈n¬ ]ngn,™Xn≥ c‡w
IWvTtKmfanfsI°pSn®p''sIm≠v sXmgnemfn P≥anØsØ
FXncnSp∂Xv . ChnsS IrXnbnse P≥anbneqsS AZriy
km∂n[yamb A[nImcw Zriykm∂n[yambn amdpIbmWv .
A[nImc hyhÿbpsS X{¥ßƒ shfns∏Sp∂ Cu kmlNcy
ØnemWv sXmgnemfn A[nImcØns‚ AZriykm∂n[y
Ønte°v IS∂pIbdn AXns‚ anSn°p∂ lrZbw ]dn®v
]pdØnSp∂Xv. ChnsS Zriy˛ AZriy hn`P\w C√mXmIp∂p.
P≥an KqVamb A[nImcX{¥ßsf Xpd∂pImWn®v Xs‚
ZuXyw ]q¿Ønbm°n A[nImcsØ ssIsbmgn™v h¿§mSnØd
hos≠Sp°pIbmWv . Aßs\ ASnÿm\h¿§tØmSp
tNcptºmgmWv
""sNm√n Xm\pw, ""lm,sh≈an√mØ
I≈ans∂s‚ I≈n¬ Rm≥ tN¿Øp'' F∂v Bizkn°p
∂Xv. CXv P≥anbpsS IqsS BizmkamWv. P≥anØ˛ A[nImc
a\kns\ ]Icwh®psIm≠p≈ h¿§t_m[amWv sXmgnemfn
bnse∂t]mse P≥anbnepap≠mIp∂Xv . A[nImcØm¬
s]mßnb IpesØßv CSnsht´‰v sN¶\¬ tNmcNo‰n
\n¬°p∂Xv P≥an ImWp∂Xv AXpsIm≠mWv.
Ggv
Aßs\ A[nImc tI{µßsf DSs®dn™v hnPbns®Øp∂
sXmgnemfnIsf°pdn®v NohoSpIƒ ]mSp∂p. A[nImcÿm]
\߃ °paotX, amXrIIƒ°paotX Hcp hnπhw km[yamIp∂p.
AZriykm∂n[yamb A[nImcØns‚ ÿm\w ssIbS°n
AXns\ Zriykm∂n[yam°n ap∂n¬\n¿Øp∂p. DXvIrjvSamb
amXrIIƒ aÆn¬ HmtcmcpØtcbpw kzwioIcn°p∂Xv
X{¥amsW∂v, sshb‡nIamb AwisØ AYhm sshImcn
Iamb AwisØ Znhyamb H∂mbn, kvt\lm¿{Zamb H∂mbn
\ΩpsSap∂n¬ Zriykm∂n[yambn AhXcn∏n®v \ΩpsS
t_m[sØ {ZhoIcn°p∂Xv Hcp X{¥amsW∂v Xncn®dnhp≈
ImeL´sØ \ap°v "IpSnsbmgn °ense' Ggmw JWvUØn¬
ImWm\mhpw.
""kz]v\tam? cm°n\mhpIf√o
105
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 kp{]`mXØn≥ ]qhpIsf√mw'' F∂p]dbp∂nSØv kz]v\ csØ \ntj[n°m≥ Hcp kacX{¥w Bhnjv I cn°s∏tS
tØbpw bmYm¿YytØbpw th¿Xncn®p\n¿Øn bmYm¿∞yØn\p ≠Xp≠v.
ta¬ kz]v\sØ ÿm]n°p∂, hnImctØbpw bp‡ntbbpw ""tIhew a¨Xpcpºn¬InS∏q
th¿Xncn®p\n¿Øp∂, ZriytØbpw AZriytØbpw sht∆sd tZhtemIw Xpd∂nSpw Xmt°m¬'' F∂v sshtem∏n≈n
\n¿Øp∂ A[nImc i‡nIfpsS D≥aqe\amWp≈Xv. AXmbXv hnfn®p]dbptºmƒ Cu Xmt°m¬ IckvYamt°≠Xv ASn
kz]v \ w bmYm¿∞yØnte°v \bn°s∏SpIbpw hnImchpw ÿm\h¿§ Iq´mbvabmWv F∂v C∂v \ap°dnbmw. \ap°p
bp‡nbpw ]ckv]cw ]qcIamhpIbpw sNøp∂ Hcp kmaqlnI ap∂n¬ C\nbpw Xpd°mØ AZriykm∂n[yamb kaXz˛
]cnkcw; kXyØn¬ \Ωƒ hos≠Spt°≠Xv Cusbmcp kzmX{¥yØns‚ "\htemIØnte°v' IS°m≥, A[zm\]c
]cnXÿnXnsbbmWv . Cßs\sbmcp hos≠Sp∏n\v , ambn ASnÿm\h¿§w kwLSnt°≠Xp≠v. H‰Xncn™√msX
h¿§kacØn\v k÷cmtI≠Xv ImeL´Øns‚ A\nhmcy sXmgnemfnh¿§ambn kwLSn°ptºmgmWv Xncs™Spt°≠Xv
XbmWv . A[nImcØns‚ AZriyXsb s]mfns®cnbm≥ GXpXmt°memsW∂v t_m[y ap≠mIp∂Xv.
h¿§kacØn\v XømdmImsX, Zriy]camb A[zm\clnX
PohnXØn¬ XW¬ tXSp∂Xv hn]ØmsW∂v sshtem∏n≈n Ipdn∏v
]dbp∂p≠v.
ImepIpØm≥ CSan√mØ, \mbv ° ƒ°v Xn∂m≥t]mepw 1) _n B¿ kptajv
(1)
amwkahtijn∏n°mØ Aÿn]Rv P cßfmb, Achb¿ Im¿´q¨: Zriyhpw AZriyhpw, 2010
\ndbv ° m≥ icocw hn¬t°≠nhcp∂, ]nd∂Xp apX¬ kvIqƒ Hm^v am¿Ivknb≥ Iƒ®d¬ ÃUokv, Xncph\¥]pcw
`£Wtam hnZym`ymktam e`n°msX apcSn®pt]mb Hcp henb 2) lmcnkv k_osdmhv
(2)
P\°q´sØbmbncn°pw \ap°v A`nkwt_m[\ sNtø≠n kmaqly cmjv{Sob hn⁄m\Øns‚ ASnÿm\ XXz߃,1988
hcnI. Cusbmcp ZpxÿnXn°v AdpXnhcpØpI F∂Xv e£yw t{]m{Kkv ]ªotjgvkv, tamkvtIm
h®psIm≠v {]h¿Øn°ptºmgmWv h¿§mSnØdbn¬\n∂p 3) sshtem∏n≈n {io[ctat\m≥
sIm≠v kwLSn°pIbpw h¿§kacw cq] s∏SpØpIbpw IpSnsbmgn°¬, 2006, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xriq¿
sNøp∂Xv. C∂v kaccwKw hn]WnbmsW∂p≈ XpsIm≠v
kacmbp[w, ]Ww AYhm aqe[\amsW∂p≈XpsIm≠v kacw
AXn\\pkrXambn cq]s∏tS≠XmWv. BZyL´Øn¬ P≥ansb
IØnsIm≠v FXncn´ sXmgnemfn°v ]n∂oSv AXv ]cym]vX
amImsXhcp∂XpsIm≠mWv,
""a¿±I\nWkzmZns\tbm¿°pw
IØnbmemfllXysNømsX'' F∂v sshtem∏n≈n Hm¿Ωn
∏n°p∂Xv AXpsIm≠mWv. `‡nsb D]tbmKn®v \ap°v hne
]dbptºmƒ, kΩm\߃ D]tbmKn®v ]W A[nImc
ÿm]\߃ \ap°phne]dbptºmƒ, A[n- I mcw AZriy
km∂n[yambn \n∂psIm≠v \Ωnsemcmsf AYhm Hcp hwisØ
ZriyhXv I cn°ptºmƒ AhnsS cq]s∏Sp∂ kacX{¥w
{][m\amWv. ImcWw teml\n¿anXamb Bbp[߃°v aq¿®
t]mcmsXhcp∂ kacamWnhnsS \S°pI. CØcw ]q¿∆
A\p`h߃ \ΩpsS Ncn{XØnep≠v. "ssZhsØ' \ntj[n°m≥
IÆmSnsb {]XnjvTn®Xpt]mse, t£{XsØØs∂ \ncmI
cn°m≥ t£{X{]thi\w \SØnbXpt]mse ]W A[nIm
106 107
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 t\m°msX hn[n-sb-∂˛
\pW-bn¬ Xs∂-Ø-s∂˛
sI´n-bn-´p-d-ßm-sX,
thZ-\-Ip-gn-sh-´n˛
aqSp-hm-\-[n-Im-c˛
∏mS-߃ sImøm≥ ]≠v ˛
]S-∏m-´p-ambv ht∂m≥,
ka-`m-h-\-sh®p ˛
]pe¿Øn-kvt\-l-Øns‚
\h-am-en-I-tIm¿Øv˛
Ihn-Xmw-K-\-t°-In,
Icp-Øn≥a{¥w sNm√n˛
bmK-`q-an-bn-e-·n˛
sbmcp-°n-Ø-∂m-flm-hn˛
CS-t»cn ∂c-Wn-I-S-s™∂pw ˛
IYbpw Ihn-X-bpw˛
]mSyw hniz-\mYv \mS-I-ßfpw alm˛
{]Xn-`bv-°n-W-ßp-∂˛
k¿§-kr-jvSn-I-fmbn !
{Kma-ho-Yn-bn¬°q-´p˛ Idp-Ø-sN-´n-®n-Iƒ˛
Imcp-am-bvk-√m-]-Øn≥˛ ss]°-sf-sØ-fn-s®-Øpw˛
Xqa-[p-\p-I-c-epw˛ Ing-°≥ ae-Iƒ°p˛
X¿°-Øn¬a-[y-ÿ-hpw, a∏pdw hcƒ®-bn¬˛
tImS-Xn-h-cm-¥-bn˛ ]nS-bp-t∂cw Zml˛
em[m-c-s°´pw I∂n˛ \ocn-\m-bvtI-gp-t∂-c˛
∏mSØv s]m∂m-cy-\pw˛ acpXv sImSp-°-cp˛
a\- n¬ kmln-Xyhpw sXt∂mXpw Zbm-iq-\y¿˛
Cf-\o¿t]m¬\n¿Ω-ew, \Ω-fn-°-hn-]-≠v˛
a[pcw ae-bm-f˛ \n¿Ω-e-a-\- p-am-bv˛
°c-bn-e-s∏m-∂m-\n˛ hs∂Øpw Xan-g-I˛
°hnbpw Ihn-X-bpw. Øns‚ a°-sf-∏‰n ˛
thZ-\-e-l-cn-bm-bv˛ a[p-tcm-Zm-cw-]m-Sn˛
am‰n-bp-a-Xn¬ap-ßn˛ Ø∂-Im-hy-Øn≥Po-h˛
t®X-\-]p-W-cp-∂˛ ZypXn-bm-em-flm-hn-se˛
s\mº-cw-Km-\w-sN-bvXpw, °qcn-cp-f-I-‰p-∂p.
Ime-Øn≥ap-∂n¬ `b˛ ]qX-∏m-´n-eq-S-·n˛
NIn-X-∑m-cm-bv\n-∂v˛ ip≤n-ssI-h-cn-°p-∂˛
IÆp-\o-scm-gp-°n-bpw, amXr-Xz-a-Xn≥ap-Kv[˛
IZ-\-°-S¬ Xm≠m≥˛ Nmcp-X-h¿Æn-°p-tºmƒ,
108 109
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Ip∂p-Iq-´n-b-s]m-∂pw˛
cXv\hpw ths≠-∂p-Æn˛
°Æ-s\-Ø-cn-sI-∂v˛
tIgp-∂-am-Xm-hn-epw,
Bhn-Im-c-Øn-∂-·n˛
Pzme-bn-se-cnbpw ap˛
ºmfl-s\m-º-c-ap-≈n˛
semXp-°n-b-°p-™n-s\˛
AΩ-sb-tb-ev]n-°p-hm˛
s\mcpßpw ]qX-Øn-s‚˛
k∑-\- nepw `mh˛
Xo{hamw aplq¿Ø-߃˛
Hcp-°n-°m-e-ßsf ˛
bXn-Po-hn°pw \nXy˛
alXzw kam¿÷n-®˛ hnh¿Ø\w
[\y\mw alm-I-th,
Hm¿Ω-bn-sem-cp-`-{Z˛ _nPp Im™-ßmSv
Zo]-sa-t∂mWw kvt\l˛
Øqsh-fn-®hpw sNmcn˛
™ßn-∂pw-Po-hn-°p∂p !
F\n°v h∂ kz]v\w
Rß-fn-e-\m¿`m-S˛
\n\°v hcm-Ø-Xntem
sa¶n-epw-I-cp-Øm¿∂v˛
\n\°v h∂ kz]v\w
[\y-amw-I-hn-Xz-Øn˛
F\n°v hcm-Ø-Xntem A√
∂pPz-e-{]-Xo-I-ambv !
Ft∏mtgm
FhnsS \nt∂m
h∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv
AX-dn-bm-Ø-Xn-s\--°p-dnt®m
Adn-™me-pw
]d-bm-\m-hm-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dnt®m A√
At∏m-gm-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv
AXn-\p-ap-tºm, tijtam
F∂-t]m-se-Øs∂
{]k-‡-a√
F¥p-sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂√
kz]v\w h∂p F∂-XmWv icn.

110 111
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 ImgvN-Iƒ
cma-N-{µ≥ tImegn
sXcp-hnse ]m´p-Im-c\v Imgv®-I-ƒ hnNn{Xw hnkvabw
(F. Aø-∏s\ Hm¿Øp-sIm-≠v) Nnd-s]m-´nb tNmc-∏p-g-bn¬
Xe-bn-√m-X-ebpw tXmWn-Iƒ
]n.-k-Po-hvIp-am¿ ]q°mØ kz]v\-ß-fp-ambv
]pe¿°mew Im-Øp-In-S°pw
A·n-bne£-c-߃ s]m≈n-®-Sp-°nbpw ]pI-bp∂ ]pc-°q-´-߃
ap\-bp≈ hm°p-Iƒ ]Sp-Øpw Xe-b‰p hrWm-hr-X-ambn
Hcp X®-s\-t∏mse Abmƒ XpS-sb-√p-X-cn-∏-W-ambv
Xo¿sØmcp sIm´m-cw. Infnbpw Ipfn-cp-ap-t]-£n®
F¶nepw el-cn-sbbpw Pc-h∂p acn-s®mcp t_m[n
sXcp-hn-s\-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p sNmdn-_m-[n-®m-Im-iØp
tamln-®Xpw t{]an-®-Xpw. sNdp-sh´w XqIpw Xmc-Iƒ
sXcp-hns‚ t\¿°m-gvN-Ifpw hnf-sIm-øm≥ IXn-cn-√msX
shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw sXfn-b-ºnfn tX®p-an-\p-°nb
sXcp-hn-e-e-bp-∂-hs‚ kzIm-cy-Zpx-J-ßfpw s]m∂-cn-hm-sftßm t]mbn
Fgp-Xn-sb-gpXn \mdp-∂p, Ih-e-I-sfm-s°
shbn¬ Xn∂p∂ ]£n-bmbpw Imgv®-Iƒ hgn-am-dp∂p
_en-ar-K-ambpw hgn hmWn-`-I-¶m-f-∑m¿
\S-∂p-\-S-s∂m-Sp-hn¬ hne-t]-in-I-i-°n-sb-dn-™,
A⁄m-X-\m-bn, sXcp-hn-sem-Sp-ßn. ae-bm-f-a-°ƒs°∂pw
A£-c-ß-fm¬ ]I¿∂ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ihyq-´p-\-S-Ønb \nf-bpsS
sXfn-™-sXmcp]mSp kXy-߃ \o¿-h‰n saen™ hnIr-X-PUw
]m]-t_m-[-Øm¬ s]m≈p∂p Rm≥ ]£n]mXm-f°-b-Øn-¬-\n∂pw
Ipº-km-c-°q-´n¬ Xe-h-bv°p∂p; sImXn-tbmsS _en-t®m-dn-\mbv
Rm≥ \nt∂mSv \oXn-Im-Wn-®pthm? Bflm-°ƒ h∂-W-bp-tºmƒ
112 113
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Iq´n-∂mbv Infn-°q-´-߃
t\-cn-√, \ocn-√, tXc-dn-bm-\m-fn√
D-Z-I-{In-b-bn-√m-Xm-bv, Ce-bn-√, ]qhn√
ss]Zm-l-tØmsS ]d∂p
Infn-a-°-fpw, Im°-°q-´hpw
K¿Ø-߃, Ip∏n-®n-√p-Iƒ, IqS-h-∂˛
GI-Pm-eIw
apƒ°q-´-߃, Pc-h∂ Imi-s®-Sn-Iƒ Znhy ioshm≈n
\o¿ hgn-Iƒ tXSpw-Im-gv®-Iƒ
ImtImfw ]m\w sNbvXv; ac-WsØ Fs‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°p I\w h®p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
ImØp-In-S-°pw, ]pg-sb√mw NmIpw-t\cw B Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ _me-]mTw F\n°p \¬In-b-Xv,
]pgp-hm-bn-Xocpw \Ωƒ Cu \me-Xn-cp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p....
NmhmØ ]pg-sb-tXSn Chn-sS-bmWv Fs‚ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ ]d-°m≥ ]Tn-®Xv
Ae-bp∂ IÆn\p ap∂n¬ Chn-sS-bmWv Fs‚ Bi-b-߃°v apIp-f-߃ hncn-™Xv ;
Ipgn-sh´n ]pg-bpsS s\©n¬
s]m¥p∂p s]m≈pw aXn-ep-Iƒ ]d-bm≥ shºn-bpw, tIƒ°m≥ sImXn®pw Rm≥
Ae-dp∂p IS-e-eame-Iƒ ImØp \n∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p....
IS-temcw bp≤-°-fa-- mbv HSp-hn¬ Fs‚ Pohn-X-∏o-en-Iƒ
aW¬Øn-´-Iƒ; tNmc-°-´-Iƒ AS-bn-cp-∂-Xpw,
aW¬aqSn tXßpw {]Wbw \o≠ ImØn-cn-∏n-s\m-Sp-hn¬
IpSn-se√mw IØn-sb-cn™ shfn®w I≠Xpw Chn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
t{]Xw-t]m¬ ap∂n¬ \n¬t° Cu Npa-cp-I-fn¬ Xfw sI´n \n¬°p-∂Xv
I°Ifpw Nn∏n-Ifpw \q¬s]m-´n-b-am-e-Ifpw Fs‚ izmtkm-—m-k-ß-fmWv !
hgn-\osf hf-s∏m-´p-Ifpw Fs‚ Pohn-X-∏m-X°v NqSpw Nqcpw \¬In-bXv
Ac-b-‰p-X-f¿s∂mcp ]mh-°p-´n, Cu GIm-¥-X-bm-Wv....
Xpd-an-gn-bm¬ t\m°p-∂p≠v.
ImSns‚ a°ƒ-s°√mw Fs‚ A\m-YX `RvPn-°-s∏-´Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv....
ImSØw I-ev]n°p∂p au\-Øn\v A¿∞-km-{µX IqSp-X-em-sW-∂v,
Fcn-bp∂ ImSn-∂-∏pdw Rm≥ Xncn-®-dn™ Zn\-߃;
angn-sh´w ]X-do-Sp∂p {]W-b-Øn¬ ]n®-sh-∏n® Iuamcw;
t{]X-߃ sI´n-a-dn-bp∂p {]W-bn-°m≥ ]Tn-∏n® bu∆\w;
Im]m-en-Iƒ B¿Øp-c-kn°pw ]cn-`-h-߃°pw, ]cn-tZ-h-\-߃°p-sam-Sp-hn¬,
]mXm-f-°m-gv®-Iƒ It≠≥ "bm{Xm-samgn' sb∂ \nXy-Po-hn-X-k-Xyw.
Xpf-hoW s\©pw Im´n
HSp-hn¬....... Rm\-dn-™p.......
hSn-bn-t∑¬ Iq∂p-h-cp∂
Fs‚bmflmhpw; Fs‚ lrZ-b-hpw,
hr≤s‚ Np≠n¬ \n∂pw
F¥n-t\-sdbo Poh\pw;
DXn-cp∂p; Alnw-km-a{¥w
F√m-sa√mw Cu sIm®p temI-am-bn-cp∂p !!
Ccp-fns‚ Ib-Øn¬ apßn
NmIp∂p ]g-sbmcp kqcy≥. Chn-tSbv°p {]th-in-°m≥ GI-Pm-eIw am{Xw ;
Fs‚ a\-°¨ PmeIw !!!
114 115
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

IY
]mSw \o¥n h∂ Ipfn¿-Im‰v
Sn.-kn. tPm¨
Xmgvhc-bn¬ hnS¿∂ sNº-I-∏q-hns‚ kpK-‘w
sImgn™p hoW \m´p-h-gn. Acn-In∂v ]S¿∂p \n∂
sXm´m-hm-Sn-°q-´w, hgn-bn-d-ºn-tebv°p \mºp-\o-´n.
Iqºp-Iƒ Imen-°q-´-߃ ISn-s®-Sp-Øp. then-∏-
S¿∏nse Im´pkqcy-Im-¥n-∏q-hns‚ C-X-fn¬, Dcp-≠p-
\n∂ ]\n-\o-cns‚ t\cnb I\w Imc-Ww, AXv
Aev]w Iotgm´v Nm™p.
a™n-eqsS Acn-®n-d-ßnb kqcy-{]-Im-iw, I√p-
°s‚ Ihn-fn¬ sXm´p. hn®m-cØv Pq≠n-bpsS Htc-
sbmcp aI-fmWv I√p-°≥. s\√pw, ]W-hpw, Hcp
ImeØv Ipan-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂ ]gb Xd-hm´-pI -- m¿.
AsX√mw I√p-°s‚ hf¿®-°p-aptº sI´p-t]m-bn.
Hcp s]¨Ip-™ns‚ P\-\-tØmsS Xd-hmSv £bn-
°p-sa-∂v. tPm’y≥ cma-∏-Wn-°¿ Ihn-Sn-\n-cØn ]d-
™n-cp-∂p-ht{X? k©n-bn-te°v IhnSn s]dp-°n-bn-
´v, apjn™ Ac-™m-®-cSp \nd-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb NcSv
hen-®v, k©n `{Z-ambns°´n. ]Xn-hp-{]-Im-c-ap≈
Acn-bpw, `£-Whpw hmßn, Abmƒ an°-t∏mgpw
]Sn-bn-d-ß-nt∏m-Ip-∂Xv I√p°≥ hf¿∂-ti-jhpw
I≠n-´p-≠v. F¥p-I-≠mepw tI´mepw Abmƒ°v
116
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
e£-W-ap-≠v. t^md-Ãnse "P≠'1 sI´nb I√nse _m°n-sIm-
≠m- W v , ap‰- Ø n\v Xmsg- b p≈ Nhn- ´ p- h gn Xøm- d m- ° n- b - X v .
CSh∏mXn-bnse ag-bv°p-ap-sº, hgn sNfn \nd-bpw. ]ns∂ ap‰-
Øp-\n-∂pw, Xmtgm´v Imep-Ip-Øm≥ Ign-bn-√. ]it]mse H´n∏nSn-
°p∂ hb-\m-S≥ sNfn. cma-∏-Wn-°¿ Nhn-´p-hgn \oßp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-
ºv, Imen-®m°v \membn aS°n Xe-bn¬sh-®v, \mbvs°-´n-°m-c≥
tImb an°- t ∏mgpw {]Xy- £ - s ∏Spw. Xs∂ ImWp- t ºmƒ,
AsXm∂p IpS™p I£-Øn¬sh-bv°pw. BZ-c-thmsS sNøp-
∂-Xm-Wv. F-¶nepw cma-∏-Wn-°¿°v Zp»-Ip-\w. XdhmSv ]Øm-b-
Ønse s\√v Hcp aWn-t]mepw _m°n-h-bv°msX IS-am-bpw,
Ah[n ]d™pw Ah≥ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. ]Øm-b-Øn¬°nS-∂v,
]qØv s]m´-®p-t]m-Ip∂XmsW-s∂, IW-°m-°n-bp-≈q. sXmSn-
bnse ]qh≥Ip-g-bpw, sN¶-Z-fn-bpw-sIm-≠p-t]mIpw. hne-bmbn
Fs¥-¶nepw sImSp-°pw. Xe-bn¬ shbv°m-dp≈ Nm°ns‚ IqsS
s]mXn-™v, _oh-tdPv tIm¿∏-td-js‚ ^pƒIp∏n F∂pw kΩm-
\n°pw. BZy-sams° ths≠∂v ]d-s™-¶n-epw, ]ns∂ ImØn-
cn-∏m-bn.
I√p-°≥ CS-hgn ]n∂n´v ]pg-bn-d-ºn-se-Øp-tºmtg°pw, XS-
bn- W - b n¬ Iq´w- t N¿∂n- c p- ∂ , A- c n- { ]m- h p- I ƒ IXn¿a- W n-
IƒsImØn BIm-i-Øn-∂p-bsc ]d-∂p. XS-bnW Irjn-`-h≥
apJm-¥ncw ]Wn-bn-®-Xm-Wv. th\¬°mew XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº
]pg hc-fpw. ]ns∂ Acn-In∂pw aqe-bn-epw, Ipd-®p-sh-≈sa ImWq.
XS-bnW h∂-t∏mƒ Bizm-k-am-bn. AXv hen-s®-SpØv Zqtc°v
Xp∏m≥ ]mI-Øn\v IdpØv Icp-hm-fn® \nd-Øn¬, ]pg-bn-d-ºn¬
IpØn-bn-cn-°W Uok¬ anjy≥. ]p©-°pw, th-\-¬°me-]-®-
°-dn-°pw, Bh-iy-Øn\v sh≈-am-bn.
Ing°v apØß ImSp-Isf aqSn-∏p-X-®p-\n-∂, C√n-°q-´-ßsf
Xpf®v kqcy-{]-Imiw, Xmgvh-c-bn-seØn. th\¬a-g-bn¬ IpØn-
sbm-en® N-c¬°q-´-߃, sNdnb Iq\-I-fmbn hgn-bpsS Hcp
`mKØv tN¿∂p-In-S-°p-∂p. \ºn-s°m-√n-]p-ghsc \o≠ hgn,
ssIX°mSp-I-sfbpw Ahn-S-hnsS Iq´w-tN¿∂p-\n-∂, am\n-°m-Sp-
I-tfbpw sXm´p. \ºn-s°m-√n-]p-g, ]pg-b-s√-¶nepw Bƒ°mcpsS
\mhn¬Xp-ºn¬ AtX hcq. hgn-]n-s∂, \S-h-c-ºns‚ apI-fm-bn.
BZy-sa√mw CS-h-∏mXn Ign-™m¬, ]pg AcnIpw aqebpw Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ ]‰m-Ø-hn-[w, \nd-s™m-gpIpw. he-bpw-tIm-ep-ambn
Bƒ°m¿ t]mIp-∂Im-Wmw. ao≥]nSn-°m-\m-Wv. \ºn-s°m-√n-]p-
g-bpsS A‰w tNcp-∂-Xv, Xangv\m´nse \q¬∏p-g-bn-em-Wv.
Abmƒ, X\n-°-`n-ap-J-ambn \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Hcp IS-em- n¬
hc™ Nn{Xw X\n-°p-t\sc \o-´n. BZyw hmßm≥ aSn-®p. ]ns∂
117
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
hmßn. Xs‚ Nn{X-am-Wv. Ipsd \mfmbn AXv Xs∂ Gev]n-°m≥ Itk-e-bpsS Imep-Iƒ t\-cnb a´n¬ BSp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bn-cp∂p
th≠n, Abmƒ \S-°m≥ XpSßnbn-´n-s√∂v tXm∂n. Xm≥ \S- t\m°n-bm¬ ]pg-bn-d-ºp-hsc ImWmw. Bsc-√m-tam, hb¬h-c-
∂p-h-cp-∂Xv I≠n-cn-°pw. apJ-tØ°v Xd-∏n®v t\m°n F∂n´v ºn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. BZn-hm-kn-I-fmWv. Im´n-te°v hnd-In-
]d™p. t∂m, apfw-Iq-ºnt∂m BWv.
F\n-°n-„-m-bn.. \msf shfp-∏n\v t]mWw
F\n-°pw. bm{X-bv°p≈ Hcp-°-߃ thWw.
B\m-©n-d-°m-Sns‚ Acp-In-ep-≈, sIm®p-Ip-Sn-en¬ \n∂p-am-W- CXv ]d-™-bmƒ, ]pd-tØ-°n-d-ßn. ]mSw \o¥n h∂ Hcp
bmƒ hcp-∂-Xv. Nn{X-Im-c≥ ]c-ap-th-´≥, BtcmSpw Imcy-ambn Ipfn¿-Im‰v ]d-s∂-Øn, Bizmkw ]I¿∂p. FÆ-abw Ipd™
kwkmcn-°m-dn-√. a-µ-_p-≤n-sb-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. Abm-fpsS A\p-P- Xs‚ Xe-ap-Sn-bn¬ sXm´v Xtem-Sn, AI-e-ß-fn-te°p t]mbn.
s\m-cm-fp-≠v. GtXm Cw•ojv ]{X-Øn¬ t^ms´m-{Km-^-dmbn Ign-
bp-∂p. {Kmaw-hn´v henb \K-c-Øn-emWv Xma-kw. 1. t^md-Ãns‚ AXncv Ipdn-°m≥ I√p-sIm≠v GXm≠v ]nc-an-Uns‚ BIr-
X\n°v as‰mcp hb¬h-c-ºp-Iq-Sn-thWw t]mIm≥. AXns‚ Xn-bn¬ sI´p∂ I¬Xq-Wm-Wv.
A‰w tN¿∂v, sNdn-sbmcp tXmsSm-gp-Ip-∂p. apI-fn-eqsS \S-∂p-
t]m-Im≥ ]mI-Øn\v kna‚ v ]me-ap-≠v. F√mw hnj-Imcn i¶p-
th-´s‚ hI-bm-Wv. ]mew-I-S-∂p-th-Ww, i¶p-th-´s‚ ho´n-se-
Øm≥. X\n-s°mcp klmbw thWw. Xcm-Xn-cn-°n-s√-∂-dn-bmw.
tNmZn-°m-\mWv t]mIp-∂-Xv. A-bmƒs°-t∏mgpw Xnc-°m-Wv. GXp
ka-bhpw ap‰hpw tImembpw tcmKn-I-sf-s°m≠p \nd-bpw. cmhn-
se-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Ipd-®m-izmkw hcpw. AΩ°v Xosc-h-ø. saUn-
°¬ tImtf-Pn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-I-Ww. Ipd®v \mfmbn Npa®pw
Xp∏nbpw AIsØ aqe-bn-se, ]g-sbmcp NqSn-°-´n-en¬ Npcp-≠p-
In-S-°p-∂p. A—≥ t]mb-Xn\ptijw, B I´nepw InS-°-bp-sa√mw
iq\y-ambn InS-°p-I-bm-Wv. AX-Ω°v th≠. saUn-°¬ tImtf-
Pn-se-Øn-bm¬, kpJ-am-Ip-sa-∂mWv hnizm-kw. F√m-hcpw AXp-
Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p. X-\n-°pw-tXm-∂n.
F√mw- hgnh°n¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ ]c-ap-th-´-t\mSv ]d-™p. Abm-
sf√mw {i≤m-]q¿∆w tIs´-∂p-tXm-∂n. ImtSm-c-ß-fn¬\n-∂pw Iq´-
ambn ae-¥-Ø-Iƒ, Xe-bv°p-b-c-Øn¬ ]d-∂p. Ah Zqsc XS-
bnW e£y-am-°n-bmWv. hnj-Imcn i¶pth-´s‚ klmbw tXSn-
bp≈ bm{X-bn¬\n-∂pw, ]cap-th-´≥ Xs∂ ]n≥Xn-cn-∏n-®p.
A—-\p≈ ImeØv sI´n-b, I√p-h-gn-bn¬ Nhp´n tImem-bn-
tebv°p Ib-dn. AΩ-bpsS izmkwhen-bpw, hn´p-hn-´p≈ Npabpw
tIƒ°p-∂p. apºn-te-°v, \S∂v sN∂v, AS-™p-In-S∂ hmXn-en¬ap-
´n. t\cn- b - t Xm- X n¬ Nmcn- b n- t ´- b p- ≈ q. Xpd- ∂ p. Npa- c n- t \mSv
apJwsNcn-®v, Xncn-™p-In-S∂ AΩ-bpsS ]pdw-t\-cnb a´n¬ XS-
hn. Bizmkw tXm∂n-b-t]m-se, AΩ-sbm∂v \nh¿∂v InS-∂p.
apJ-Øv t\cn-sbmcp ]p©n-cn.
]c-ap-t®-´≥ H∂pw ]d-bmsX apdn-hn-´n-d-ßn. DΩ-dsØ ac-°-
km-e-bn¬ sNcn-™n-cp-∂p. Ft¥m Nn¥n-°p-∂-t]mse tXm∂n.
118 119
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

t\∏mfn IY
]n≥Ip-dn∏v
taml≥ Xm°qcn
hnh: sI.-F-kv. hniz-w`-c-Zmkv
Akm- [ m- c - W amwhn[w kpZo- ¿ L- a mb Hcp
IsØ-gp-Xn-bn-Øo¿∂n´pw Ft¥m H∂p-IqSn Fgp-
Xm-\p-s≠-∂p-ff Hcp hnNmcw Fs∂ hnSmsX ]nSn-
Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Xm¶-fn¬ ]q¿W-ambpw hnizm-k-
a¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv Rm\n-sX-gp-Xp-∂-Xv, CXv Ccp
sNhn Adn-b-cpXv; Xm¶-fpsS kl-[¿Ωn-Wn-t]m-epw.
t{]ta{µ ˛ Xo¿®-bmbpw Xm¶ƒ Cu t]cv ad-
∂n-´p-≠m-In-√. F¶nepw tNmZn-°-s´, Xm¶ƒ t{]ta-
{µsb h√-t∏m-gp-sa-¶nepw Hm¿°m-dpt≠m ?
{]ta{µ˛ \ΩpsS _mey-Ime kplrØv; j_ym-
bpsS kl- ] mTn; Fs‚bpw Xm¶- f p- s Sbpw
kXo¿Yy≥; \ΩpsS ¢m nse AwK-hn-lo-\\pw
A°m-c-WØm¬ A¥¿ap-J\pw anX-`m-jn-bp-am-bn-
cp∂ hnZym¿∞n. \mw aq∂p t]tcmSp am{Xta Ah≥
Fs¥-¶n-ep-sam∂v Dcn-bm-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p-h-t√m, a‰p-
≈-h-cn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p Ign-bm≥ Ah≥ {]tXyIw
{i≤n-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ft∏mgpw Kuc-h-{]-IrXn; kZm
hnjmZw Xfw-sI´n \n¬°p∂ apJw; Xs‚ AwK-
ssh-I-ey-Øn¬ Bsc-¶n-ep-sam-cmƒ H∂v ]cn-l-kn-
®m¬ aXn, kIe \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw hn´v s]m´n-°-c-
120
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
bp- ∂ - h ≥; \mw Fs¥m- s °- ∏ - d ™v kam- i zm- k n- ∏ n- ® m- e pw,
Fs¥√mw bp‡n-Iƒ \nc-Øn-bmepw B IÆo¿Nm-ep-Iƒ Ffp-
∏-sam∂pw \ne-bv°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
_na¬, \msa-¥n-\m-W-hs\ C{X-am{Xw kvt\ln-®Xv ? Ah-
\p-ambn \mw C{X-tbsd ASp-Ø-sX-¥n\v ? Ah\v kzbw \tΩmSv
Hc-Sp∏w tXm∂n-b-tXm, AtXm \mw Ah-\n¬ BI¿jn-°-s∏-´-
tXm, Ft¥m, H∂pw \n›-b-an-√. F∂m¬ Hcp Imcyw Rm\n-
t∏mƒ Xo¿Øp-]-d-bmw.
\mw aqh-cn¬ Ahs\ G‰-hp-a-[nIw CjvS-s∏-´Xv j_y-bm-
bn-cp∂p; Ahƒ°m-bn-cp∂p Ah-t\mSv G‰-hp-a-[nIw kl-Xm-]-
ap- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ - X pw. CXv kzm`m- h n- I - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p- X m- \ pw. Hcp
kXo¿Yys‚ IjvS-∏mSv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv Hcp
kXo¿Yy-sb-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m.
F∂m¬...-Xm-¶ƒ Hm¿°p-∂pt≠m? h¿j-߃ Ign-™-tXmsS
Ahƒ°-h-t\mSv Hcp AI¬® AY-hm, Xm¬]-cy-°p-dhv tXm∂n-
Øp-S-ßn. kvIqƒ hn´-tXm-sS, \mw aqh-cn¬ j_y Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-
∂p t{]ta-{µ-sb-°p-dn®v ]q¿Æ-ambpw hnkva-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-
Xv. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw XpS¿]-T-\-Øn-\mbn Xm¶ƒ
ImTva-fip-hn-te°pw j_ybpw Rm\pw tImtf-Pn-te°pw t]mb-
t∏mƒ t{]ta-{µ-bm-I-s´, \ΩpsS sIm®p-]-´-W-Øns‚ GtXm Hcp
Hgn™ tImWn¬ Bcmepw {i≤n-°-s∏-SmsX Dt]-£n-°-s∏-Sp-
I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
tImtfPv PohnXw Bkz-Zn-°p-tºmgpw Rm≥ h√-t∏m-gp-sams°
AwK- s sh- I eyw _m[n- ® , hnj- Æ \mb \ΩpsS _meyIme
kplr-Øns‚ Imcyw j_ysb Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬,
Ah-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ Ah-\-t∏mƒ Hcp CS-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√;
Hcp cl-ky-{]-W-bhpw kp]vXm-h-ÿ-bn¬ t]mepw Ah-fpsS lrZ-
b-Øn¬ Zriy-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-an-√. Ah-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ BsI°qSn
D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv Ahs‚ hnI-emw-K-X-sb-tbm¿Øp≈ Hs´mcp kl-
Xm]w am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
_na¬, Xm¶ƒ°-dn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-t]mse tImtfPv hnZym-`ym-k-
Øn-\p-tijw j_ybpw Rm\pw hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn. Rß-fpsS a‰-
t\Iw kplr-Øp-°-tfm-sSm∏w t{]ta-{µbpw hnhm-l-k¬°m-c-
Øn\v FØn-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, A⁄m-X-amb Ft¥m Imc-W-
Øm¬ Ah≥ hnhm-l-kZy H´pta Bkz-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√.
Ahs‚ apJw apsº-ßp-an-√m-Ø-hÆw æm\hpw hnjm-Z-a-·-hp-am-
bn-cp-∂Xv Rm\n-t∏mgpw Hm¿°p-∂p. A∂v Rm≥ Ah-t\mSv
tNmZn®p: ""F¥mWv \obn{X æm\-h-Z-\-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ? ]dbq
F¥mWv \n\°v kw`-hn-®Xv'' ?
121
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 Ahs‚ IÆp-Iƒ s]mSp-∂s\ \nd-s™m-gp-In. hnIm-c-]m-c- a-bn-bmb `mcy ! Hcp PohnXw apgp-h≥ Rm\-hsf kvt\ln-®n-cp-
hiyw sIm≠m-Imw, Ah\v Hcp hm°p-t]mepw Dcn-bm-Sm-\m-bn-√. ∂p-sh∂v Xm¶-f-hsf Adn-bn-°tW ! {]nb an{X-ta, CXm-sWs‚
\nan-j-߃°-Iw, Gsd _p≤n-ap´n Ah≥ ]d™p : "kplr- A¥ym-`n-emjw; CXp-am{Xw ! Xm¶ƒ Zb-hmbn AXv \nh¿Øn-
tØ, h¿j- ß - f mbn Rm≥ icoc kpJ- a n- √ m- Ø - h - \ m- W t√m; ®p-X-cp-at√m; Zb-hmbn! ......
Ct∏mƒ CXm am\-kn-I-ambpw Rm\msI XI¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ kz¥w t{]ta{µm .........''
lrZ-b-Øn-t\‰ ITn-\-amb Cu apdnhv s]s´-s∂m∂pw kpJ-s∏- _na¬, ]dbq Rms\-¥mWv sNtø-≠Xv ?.......
Sp∂ H∂-√. Btcm-sS-¶nepw H∂v lrZbw Xpd∂v kwkm-cn-°m≥
Ign- s ™- ¶ n¬! Hcp- t h- f , ]n∂o- s Sm- c n- ° ¬ Rm≥ Xm¶- t fmSv
lrZbw Xpd-s∂m∂v kwkm-cn-t®-°mw. Xo¿®-bmbpw A°mcyw
F\n°v j_y-tbmSv ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn√; _na¬ ImWm-a-d-b-Øp-
amWv; ]ns∂-bp-≈Xv Xm¶-fmWv; kao-]-ÿ-\mb Fs‚ GI
kplr-Øv. Fs∂-¶n-ep-sam-cp-\mƒ Rm≥ Xm¶-tfm-SXv ]dbmw'.
C{Xbpw ]d- ™ n´v Ah≥ H∂p ]p©n- c n- ° m≥ {ian- ® p.
F∂m¬, hnIm-c-hn-t£m-`w-aqew B ]cn-{iaw Atº ]cm-P-b-
s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ]n∂o-Sn-°mcyw Rm≥ j_y-tbmSv ]d-bp-
I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah-fpsS adp-]Sn F¥m-bn-cp-s∂t∂m? Ahs\ imco-
cn-I-ssh-I-ey-tØm-sSm∏w am\-knI sshI-eyhpw _m[n-®n-cn-°m-
sa∂v!
F∂n´v t{]ta{µ C∂se sNbvX-sX-¥t∂m? Xm¶ƒ°-dn-
tbt≠ AXv ?.......
AtX-°p-dn-®mWv Rm≥ Cu ]n≥Ip-dn-∏n-se-gp-Xp-∂-Xv. Ah≥
C∂se kz¥w apdn-bn¬ BfllXy sNbvXp!
Hm, Hcp hnI-emw-K≥ PohnXw aSpØv Bfl-lXy sNbvXp;
A{X-X-s∂, F∂v hfsc eLp-hmbn Xm¶ƒ Icp-Xp-∂p-≠m-hmw.
F∂m¬, kplr-tØ, Imcy-߃ Ahn-Sw-sIm≠p Xocp-∂n-√. Bfl-
lXy sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Ah≥ Fgp-Xn-Ø-øm-dm-°n, X]m-en¬
F\n-°-b-®p-X∂ IØmWv Fs‚ I¨ap-ºn-ep-≈-Xv. Ah≥ Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-°p∂p :˛
""kplr-tØ, Rm\pw Cu Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcmsf kvt\ln-®n-
cp-∂p. F∂m¬, F\n-°Xv {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-™n-s√-∂p-≈Xv
hmkvX-h-am-Wv. AXn-\≈ Imc-W-am-I-s´, Fs‚ Cu AwK-ssh-
I-ey-hpw.
CXn\v Rm\m-scbpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. Xm¶ƒ Fs‚ Bfl-
an-{X-ambncp∂n´pw Xm¶-tfm-Sp-t]mepw AXv ]d-bm≥ F\n°v Ign-
™n-√. Ct∏m-sg-¶nepw Rm\m kXyw Xpd-∂p-]-d-b-s´. Imc-Ww,
Xm¶ƒ°v Cu IØv In´p-tºm-tgbv°pw Fs‚ Imcyw ]{X-ß-
fpsS Nc-a-]w-‡n-bn¬ FØn-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Rm≥ Xocp-am-
\n-®n-´p-≈Xv ! Cu Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ Rm≥ kvt\ln-®n-cp∂
kv{Xo Bsc∂v Xm¶ƒ°-dn-tbt≠ ? j_y ! Xm¶-fpsS kvt\l-
122 123
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 an\n-IY

ImØn-cn∏v
kXojv InSm-c°
- pgn {KŸ-\n-cq]Ww
Ac-bm¬ hr£-Øns‚ Nn√-bn-en-cp∂ {Iu©-an-Yp-\ß - - au\w hmNm-e-am-hp∂p
fnse \mb-I≥ CW-∏£ - n-tbmSv tNmZn®p:
""kXy-ambpw \o Fs∂ {]W-bn-°p-∂pt≠m?'' tUm. kn. {ioIp-am-c≥
""AsX. Rm≥ \ns∂ kXy-ambpw {]W-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.''
CW-∏£n ]d-™p.
At∏mƒ \mb-I≥ At\z-jn-®p. hyXy- k v X - t Z- i - I m- e - ß - f n- e qsS Zo¿L- Z qcw
""\ΩpsS {]W-bw-sIm≠v F¥v {]tbm-P-\w.'' Xm≠nb Hcp Xoh-≠n°v H´-\-h[n sNdpXpw hep-
""\ΩpsS {]Wbw amXr-I-bm-Ipw. AXp a‰p-≈-hsc Xp- a mb h¿Ø- a m- \ - ß ƒ ]d- b m- \ p- ≠ mhpw ˛
{]W-bn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°pw.'' kt¥m-jhpw k¶-Shpw a‰p kΩn-{i-hn-Im-c-ß-fp-
CW-∏£n samgn™p. sams° AS-ßp∂ IY-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ß-fp-ambn.
CXv kzm`m-hn-I-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Nph∏p I≠m¬
""\ΩpsS {]W-b-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcp Im´m-f≥ hn√-\mbn
am{Xw \n¬°p- I bpw ]®- I - ≠ m¬ HmSp- I bpw
h∂mtem?'' sNøp∂ Hcp sIm®p-Ip-´n-bm-bn, IpXn-c-sb-t∏mse
\mb-I≥ kwibw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. IpXn- ° p∂ Hcp Xoh- ≠ nsb t\m°n- ° - ≠ p- s h-
""\Ωn-sem-cmsf FbvXp-ho-gvØpw.'' ¶n¬, AØcw ]n©p-i-co-c-ßsf th≠-hn[w \nb-
CW-∏£n Hcp aSnbpw IqSmsX ]d-™p. {¥n-°m-\p≈ Npa-Xe Gs‰-SpØv AXn-\mbn I®-
""Aßs\ FbvXp-ho-gvØp-∂Xv Fs∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ \o sI´n Xp\n-™n-d-ßnb Hcp Iem-Im-cs‚ kXy-
F¥p-sN-øpw?'' k-‘hpw \njv°-f-¶hpw H∏w-Xs∂ \ap-t°sd
\mb-I≥ ZpxJ-tØmsS tNmZn-®p. A]-cn-Nn-X-hp-amb A\p-`-h-hm-Mva-b-߃ Akzm-
At∏mƒ CW-∏£n ]d-™p. `m-hn-I-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A]q¿∆hpw A\-\y-
""Rm≥ Xmßm-\m-hmØ ZpxJ-tØmsS hne-]n-°pw. AXp hp-amb Zriy-hn-kva-b-ß-fp-b¿Øp∂p ! \nev°p-
Ibpw t]mhp- I bpw sNøp∂ Hmtcm h≠n- b n¬
ImWp-s∂mcp hmevaoIn Hcp ]pXnb cmam-bWw Fgp-Xpw.''
\n∂pw CØcw h≠n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ \n∂pw Ah-
{]W-b-_-≤-cmbn {Iu©-an-Yp-\-߃ Im´m-f-s‚bpw [m- \ - X - t bmsS ]pdsa \nev ° p∂ Hcp Uyq´n
hmevao-In-bp-sSbpw hc-hn-\mbn £a-tbmsS ImØn-cp-∂p. tÃj≥am- Ã ¿ hmbn- s ®- S p- ° p- ∂ - X nse s]mcpƒ
124 125
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ HmSp∂ h≠n-bn¬ \n∂√ hmbn-t°-≠Xv
F∂ XØzw IqSn \mw hmbn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. am{X-a√ tÃj≥
amÿ°v IqSn t_mKn-bp≈ Pohn-X-Øo-h-≠n-bnse NqSpw Nqcpw
Ccp´pw shfn-®hpw Xobpw ]pIbpw sh≈hpw cm∏-I-ep-Ifpw
F√mw Ah Hmtcm∂pw Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw ]cn-W-an-°p-
Itbm \nebv-°p-Itbm Hs° sNømw F∂v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v
kkvt\lw {KŸ-Im-c-\mb sshim-J≥ \ap-°mbn sh®p-\o-´-
∂p, Xs‚ A\-iz-chpw kp{]-kn-≤-hp-amb `mK-h-X-Øo-h-≠n-
bpsS C\nbpw \ne-°mØ Nqfw hnfn-I-fn-eqsS hmg-Ip∂w Xncp-
ta\n sh®p-\o-´n-b-Xp-t]m-se.
kmln-Xyw, Ie, hnt\mZw, kZm-Nm-cw, kXyw, \oXn, aqeyw,
kmaq-ln-I-X, a\p-jy-Xzw, B\µw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ GXmWv
Hcp IrXn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sptºmƒ am\-Z-WvU-am-t°-≠Xv F∂
efn- X hpw F∂m¬ hnj- a - I - c hpw Bb Hcp tNmZyw Cu
{KŸhpw a\p- j y- a - \ -   n- t \mS,v A√, kaq- l - a - \ -   m- £ n- t bmSv
Db¿Øp-∂p. sshb-‡n-I-Xbpw HutZym-Kn-I-Xbpw am\-hn-I-
Xbpw sshIm-cn-I-Xbpw F√mw ssItIm¿Øp-\n-ev°p∂ A`q-
X-]q¿∆-amb Zriy-k-t¶-X-߃ hmcn-hn-X-dp-∂Xv \nc-h[n kmln-
Xy-k-Ωm-\-߃ hmcn-Iq-´nb Xqen-I-Øp-ºn-\p-S-a-bm-hp-tºmƒ
]I-®p-\n¬°msX XymPy-{Km-ly-hn-thIw tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsX
ap≥hn- [ n- I - f n- √ msX \njv ] - £ - a mbn hne- b n- c p- Ø pI F∂Xv
Xo¿®- b mbpw Zpjv I - c hpw kml- k n- I - h pw, [oc- h p- a mb {]hr-
Øn-hn-ti-j-ambn amdp-∂p.
]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ]pdw-N´ H∂pw ]d-bmsX Gsd-∏-d-bp∂p;
ChnsS au\w hmNm-e-am-hp∂p ! ]pkvX-I-\m-a-Ønse hnkva-bm-
h-l-ambn \ne-\n-ev°p∂ ck-X{¥w ]s£ km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚
ck-\bv°v ckn-°ptam Bthm ? GtXm Hcp a\- ns‚ A]-{K-
Y\w AYhm a\-»m-kv{X-⁄s‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂v HtcSv
Ft∂m at‰m Nn¥n-®p-t]m-tb-°m-hp∂ icm-icn hmb-\-°m-cm,
\n\°p sX‰n, icn AX-√. tKm]n-\m-Y≥\mb¿ sshim-J-\mbn
AYhm Hcp kmln- X y- N n- { X- i - e - ` - a mbn ]cn- W - a n- ° p- ∂ - X ns‚
]n∂Wn Ncn-{X-k-Xy-߃ ad-\o°n apd-t]mse ChnsS ]q¿∆m-]-
c-{I-a-Øn¬ Ah-X-c-W-hn-t[-b-am-°p-∂p. at\m-hmIv{]hr-Øn-I-
fp-ambn k‘n® hkvXp-hn-Im-cc-km-Zn-Iƒ Cu sshimJ-∏q-\n-
em-shm-fn-bn¬ h¿Æ-hn-ti-j-hn-kva-b-߃ (C-hnsS h¿Æ-Øn\v
t«jw) ]¶p- s h- ° p- ∂ p. Hm¿Ω- I ƒ Hmfw sh´p- ∂ p. `uXn- I -
imkv{X ˛ \nb-am-\p-km-cn-bmb A\p-\m-Z-I-º-\w-t]mse klr-
Z-b-lr-Z-bm-¥-cm-f-ß-fn¬ KX-Im-e-kvar-Xn-Iƒ Xpfp-ºp-∂p, Ab-
hn-d-°-s∏-Sp-∂p, Ah k]-cn-hmcw IpØn-sbm-en®v h∂v \rØw
126
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Nhn-´p-∂p, A\p-c-W-\-ß-fp-b¿Øn Xnan¿Øp-s]-øp-∂p. km[m-c-
Wo-I-c-W-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ km[m-c-W-°m-c-\nepw s]cp-am-dp-
I-bmWv ChnsS sNøp-∂-sX-∂-Xp-t]mepw \mw Hcp thf ad-∂p-
t]m-Ip-∂p. kmln-Xy-Po-hn-X-]-Y-Ønse A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS P\n-
arXnIfn¬ \mw kzbw hnkvar-X-cm-hp-∂p.
Ip´n-°m-esØ s]m´n-®n-cn-Isf Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp∂ IZ-\-I-Y-
Iƒ \sΩ s\mº-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Hcp Ipt™m-a\ t\cn-Sp∂
A{]n-b-k-Xy-ß-fpsS then-tb-‰-Øn¬ \mw kzbw \jvS-s∏-Sm-
Xn-cn-°m≥ IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. ChnsS s\©Iw tXßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p,
Hcp IÆo¿°Ww Dcp- ≠ p- I q- S p- ∂ p, bm{X- b m- h msX Xßn- \ n-
ev°p∂p. kz]n-Xm-hns‚ ]{¥-≠m-a-tØXpw amXm-hns‚ aq∂m-
a-tØXpw Ip™mbn Im™n-c-∏-≈n-bn¬ ]nd∂ \mƒ sXm´v
IYm- \ m- b - I ≥ IpSpw- _ - h - g - ° p- I ƒ ]eXpw I≠p- h - f - c p- ∂ p.
amXm-hns‚ HutZym-Kn-I-am-‰-߃ am‰n adn® Pohn-X-km-l-N-
cy-ß-fn¬ Ab¬°m-cm-bn h∂ tXma- n\pw AÆm-®n-°pw-
hsc Ah- c p- s S- X mb kulr- Z - Ø ns‚ Dujv a - f X kw`m- h \
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-sh-∂Xv Bizm-k-Zm-bIw Xs∂. ]mem-
bnse alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ tLmj-bm-{X-bn¬ sshim-J-\nse Ip´n-
bpsS Ifn-Iq-´p-Im-c-\mbn hmb-\-°m-c≥ amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. amS\pw
b£nbpw Xmfihw Nhn- ´ p∂ {Kma- Ø nse Hcp cm{Xn- b maw
ae-bm-f-]-cn-k-c-ß-fnse sFXnly hnizm-k-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Pme-
I-amWv Xpd-°p-∂Xv F∂ Nn¥t]mepw B `oI-cX Hcp\n-
anjw ]pkvX-I-Øm-fp-I-fn-eqsS \Ωƒ A\p-`-hn® tij-at√
D≠m-hp-∂Xv F∂p \mw Nn¥n-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. ssIa-fns‚ I≈v
ambw tN¿°mØsX-¶nepw amZ-I-am-bn-I-amb Hcp el-cn-bn-
te°v \sΩ \ma-dn-bmsX sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. lmky-km-ln-
Xy-Im-c-\mb kRvP-b≥ sNm√n-Ø∂ Cuc-Sn-Iƒ ImXn¬ apg-
ßp-∂p˛
H∂p c≠p Nnc-´-Ip-Sn-t°zmfw
A—-\pt≠m hcp-s∂∂p t\m°Ww
c≠p-\mep Nnc´ IpSn-°sh
A—-\m-scSm Rms\Sm tams\-Sm.
efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿÷-\-Øns‚ {]im¥c-a-Wo-bhpw efn-X-
hp-amb C√-∏p-c, ssXt\m-Øn-°Shv tdmUnse tXmcmØ hnti-
j- ß ƒ, cma- ] p- c sØ d∫- d ns‚ cq£- K - ‘ w, {Xna- [ pcw
Db¿Øp∂ a[p-cn-a-bpsS sImXn, BZy-Im-e-kn-\n-a-bpsS BZym-
\p-`h amZ-I-e-l-cn, Bep-h-tÃ-j≥ ]cn-k-c-Øns‚ A]-cn-jvIr-
X-`m-hw, sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ s]m°w \jvS-s∏-´-h-cpsS IZ-\-I-
Y-Iƒ, Hmtcm h¿Æ-\bpw \h-\-h-h¿Æ hnkva-b-ß-fpsS tXmc-
127
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
W- ß ƒ Xo¿°p- ∂ p. hkv X p- \ n- j v T X ]qc- I - a m- b pƒt®¿Øv Js‚ Cu ]q\n-em-shmfn klr-Z-b-cmb hmb-\-°m-cn¬ A`n-\-µ-
sshb- ‡ n- I m- \ p- ` - h - ß ƒ ]pXnb Xmf- ß - f p- b ¿Øp- t ºmƒ \-Øns‚ shfpØ ]q°ƒ hncn-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°n-√. sshim-J\v \µn,
sshim- J - \ nse Iem- I m- c ≥ ]pXnb taf- ß ƒ Xo¿°p∂p; {]km-[-I¿°pw.
hmIv]qc-W-ß-fpsS ]qc-߃ sXfn-bp-∂p, H∏w \Ωƒ Xmfw
]nSn-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw icn. Hm¿Ω-bpsS ]mf-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-\©p kv{XoIƒ
Pohn-X-hn-h-c-W-bm-{X-bn-eqsS \mw bm{X-bm-hp-tºmƒ aphm- sshim-J≥
‰p-]pg Im¬Igp-Ip-∂p, ]ndhw BXn-Yy-ta-Ip∂p; Acq-°p-‰n-bnse Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿
IS- e - a n- T mbn hmbn- e qdn \n¬°p- ∂ p. ÿe- I m- e - s sh- ` - h - ß ƒ
IuXp-Ihpw sImXnbpw DW¿Øp-∂p. ap\n-kzm-anbpw cwK-\m-b-
Ihpw Xncp-∏-Xn-s∏-cp-amfpw sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hn`-h-ß-tf-Ip-∂p.
]mSp∂ ih-Ip-Socw \mS-Io-bX ]c-Øp-∂p. `mcy-bpsS tcmKw
\sΩ Hcp-thf Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]n.-F- v. \ºq-Xn-cnbpw
bXn \nXy-ssN-X-\ybpw ]pem-°m´v cho-{µ\pw Fw.-Snbpw Ipi-
e-߃ ]¶p-sh-°p-∂p. ]mºp-I-Snbpw ]mapep kXy-\m-cm-b-Whpw
a\- n¬ GsdImew Xßn-\n-ev°m-Xn-cn-°n-√. Nman-bmcpw alm-
tZ-h\pw bm{X ]d-bm≥ aSn-°p-∂p. A£-c-hn-cp-∂nse BXn-tY-
b-\mb sshim-J≥ BNm-cy-th-j-a-Wn™v t_mƒ tSm°¨
k{º-Zm-b-sØ-°p-dn®v khn-kvXcw ¢ms -Sp-°p-∂p. BwK-em-
\p- I - c - W - \ ¿Ω- ß ƒ sXm´p- I q- ´ p- t ºmƒ ck- a p- d - d p- ∂ - h - X - s ∂.
kmln-Xy-h-f¿®bpw _‘-s∏´ A\p-`-h-ßfpw Ipfn¿tIm-cn-sbm-
gn-°p-∂p.
ssh⁄m-\nI kmln-Xy-°-e¿∏n-√msX Aº-ct∏m AZv`p-
Xtam Hs° sXm´p- W ¿Øp∂ Zriy- a m- [ y- a - ß - f nse CØcw
IuXp- I - h m¿Ø- I ƒ t]mepw hnkv a - b - P - \ - I - a m- h m- s a∂v IqSn
Hkv X mhm ]m´ns‚ CuW- Ø n¬ s]s´- s ∂Øp∂ Cud- \ -
Wn™ c¶Ω Xs‚ thZ\ \nd™ Pohn- X - I - Y - b n- e qsS
sshimJt\mSpw hmb- \ - ° m- c t\mSpw ]d- b msX ]d- b p- ∂ p
thm ?
B{‘m-tZ-ihpw Xan-g-Ihpw tIc-f-°-cbpw Bcm-cp-a-dn-bmsX
kzIm-cy-tam-Xp∂ ]e IY-I-fpw, sdbn¬∏mf-ß-fnse \n»-_vZ-
X-bn¬ Adn-bm-sX-t]m-Ip∂ ]I-en-c-hp-I-fpsS ]cn-tZ-h-\-ßfpw
Xo£vWm-\p-`-h-߃ Npa-°m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS samgn-I-fpsS
Bg-hpw, shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw Hs° kzmwio-I-cn®v A·n-]¿∆-X-
ß-fn-sem-Xp°n apt∂m´p IpXn-°p∂ Cu Pohn-X-N-cn-{X-IrXn
AYhm tXß-ep-I-fp-sS -A-e-b-Sn-bp-am-sbØp∂ Pohn-X-Øo-
h≠n tÃj- \ nse t{]X- _ m- [ - b n¬ AXp hymP- s a- ¶ n¬IqSn
Iem- i n- ° p- ∂ n- S Øpw Zpc- ¥ kqN- \ bpw H∏w hnkv a - b - Ø ns‚
iI-e-ßfpw _m°n-sh°p∂p.
A]q¿∆ hnkva-b-h¿Æ-cmPn h¿Æ-\-I-fn¬ hncn-bn® sshim-
128 129
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿

{KŸ-\n-cq]Ww
A]-cm-t\z-j-W-߃
Ie-tamƒ Sn.-sI.
"\mS-Im¥w IhnXzw' F∂ Xo¿∏ns‚ s]mcpƒ
Bkzm-Z-I¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv Imhy-\m-S-I-ß-fn-
eqsS bpw IqSn-bm-bn-cn°pw. {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eqsS Bhn-
jvI-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw anØp-I-fpsS I\-eq-Xn-sØ-
fn-bn® kuµ-cy-k-¶-ev]-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Hcp \mSIw
Bkzm-Z-I-\n¬ A\p-`q-Xn-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p-˛-F-
¶n¬ AXp-X-s∂-bmWv Imhy-\m-S-I-Øns‚ \n¿∆-
N-\w. Cu \n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ Af-hp-I-tfmfw hf-cm≥
{io. Fw.- F ≥. hn\- b - I p- a m¿ Fgp- X nb "adn-
am≥IÆn' F∂ \mS- I - Ø n\p Ign- b p- ∂ p- ≠ v .
Ducnepw t]cnepw Ahy-‡X ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp Ihn-
˛-A-bm-fpsS Hcp IrXn tZim-¥-c-߃ IS∂v al-
Xz-am-tLm-jn-°p-∂p-; A-XmWv \f-N-cn-Xw. B´-°-
Y-I-fn¬ \Sp-\m-b-I-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ IrXn.
Bh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ sshckywsIm≠v Po¿Æn-®,
shdpw "ssS∏p-Iƒ' am{X-amb ]pcm-W-I-Ym-]m-{X-
߃, kΩn-{i-hn-Im-c-ß-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn, a\p-
jy-∏-‰p-≈-h-cmbn ]cn-W-an-°p∂ cmk-hnZy DÆm-
bn- h m- c y¿°p kzmb- Ø - a m- s W∂v \f- N - c nXw
km£n]m-Sn-∏-Xn™ ]Z-߃ BSn-Ø-g-ºn-®-h¿°v
130
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
ap∂n¬ Hcp sh√p- h n- f n- b mWv \f- N - c n- X w. DXv I r„IrXn- I ƒ
F∂pw Bkzm-Z-Is\ kpJ-I-c-amb BekyØn¬ \n∂v Ipep-
°n-bp-W¿Øn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m.
A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ \sΩ Bg-Øn¬ apdn-th¬∏n-
°p-∂p. Xncn-®-dnhv Nne-t∏mƒ Xncn-™-Ip-ØpI Xs∂ sNøpw.
"adn-am≥IÆn' AØ-c-samcp Adn-hm-Wv. P∑-߃°n-S-bn-ep≈
Ime-tZ-i-߃ Xm≠n AXv FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXp-hsc Adn-
™Xv H∂p-a-√, C\n-bp-ta-sd-bp≠v F∂v sXm´p-hn-fn-°p-∂p. bp‡n-
bp-sSbpw Ncn-Xm-h-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw kq£va-am-]n-\n-Iƒ AXns\
]cn-l-knt®°mw. F¶nepw \mS-I-Ir-Øn\v Xo¿®-bp≠v. ""Hc-dnhv
Zo¿L-Zqcw Zo¿Im-ehpw k©-cn®v \ΩpsS a\- n¬ Ib-dn-°q-Sn-
bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv anYy-b-√. \f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ P∑-Im-ehpw
ÿehpw GXm-bm-epw, `m-\p-a-Xntbm ]Icw thsdm-cp-htfm B
IrXn-tbm-sSm-∏-ap-≠v. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-tijw \ap-°n-S-bn-te-°n-
dßn h∂v a\- n¬ \o‰¬ ]S¿Øn Xncn-®p-t]m-Im≥ Ahƒ°p
Ign-™-Xn\v thsd Imc-W-an-√.''
""adn-am≥I-Æn-au-en-bpsS adn-hm¿°n-X-dnbmw?''
Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ sIm´m-c-Øn-em-{i-bn-s®-
Øp∂ DÆmbn hmcy¿. B[p-\n-I-Im-e-sØ, aZ-a-Ø-\m-b, DÆmbn
F∂p t]cp≈ as‰m-cp-h≥. \mS-I-sa∂ am[y-a-Øns‚ sFIy{X-
b-k-¶-ev]-ß-fpsS ]cn-[n-bv°p-≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \mS-I-
IrØv c≠p Ime-ß-fnepw k©-cn®v km£m¬ DÆm-bn-bpsS
a\- n-te°v Cd-ßn-\-S-°p-∂p. DÆmbnbpsS Bflm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn-
\mbn \mSIw F∂ am[y-asØ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv XnI®pw HuNn-
Xy-]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-
]-cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ sXøhpw Xnd-bpw-t]mse DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS \f-
N-cn-X-Øn\pw X\-Xp-ÿm-\-ap≈Xmbn-Im-Wmw.
\mS-Io-bX ap‰n-\n¬°p∂ IrXnsb \mSIw sIm≠p-Xs∂
]cn-N-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ChnsS {io. hn\-b-Ip-am¿ \f-N-cnXw
F∂ IrXn-bpsS kwKo-X-k-©m-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v \f-N-cn-X-I¿Øm-
hn-te°v Hcp hgn-Xp-d-∂n-Sp-∂p. DÆm-bn-bpsS Bfl-k-©mcw
DÆmbn-bn-te-°p≈ k©m-c-ambn amdp-∂p. AhnsS Ime-tZ-i-߃
hgn-amdn \n¬°p-∂p. DÆmbn-hm-cy-cpsS CXp-hsc Bcpw-]-dm-bn-
Xn-cp∂ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v ktµ-l-ß-tf-Xp-an-√msX Fw.-F≥.-hn-
\-b-Ip-am¿ \S-∂p-I-b-dp-∂p. B temIØv {]W-b-ap-≠v, NXnbpw
cmP-sIm-´m-c-Øns‚ D]-Pm-]-ß-fpw, kΩ¿±-ß-fp-ap-≠v. CXn-s\-
sb√mw AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Bflm-hp-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ IqSn-t®-c-ep-I-
fp-≠v.
BWns‚ ssP{X-bm-{Xbv°p Nme-I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv
131
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
s]Æns‚ {]W-b-Xym-K-am-sW∂ F°m-e-sØbpw hne-bn-cp-ج
ChnsS ASn-h-c-bn-´p-d-∏n-°p-∂p. Za-b-¥n-tbmfw XnI-hm¿∂p
\n¬°m≥ sI¬∏p≈ Hcp `m\p-a-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-fn¬
\n∂p-bn-cm¿∂-h-fmWv Za-b¥n. Bflm-hn¬ {]W-b-ap-cp-Ip-∂-h-
\mbn DÆmbn-hm-cy¿ \mS-I-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p. {]W-bm-
·n-bn¬ DuXn-Øn-f-°n-sb-SpØ \f-N-cn-Xw. `m\p-a-Xn-sb∂ ASn-
®p-X-fn-°m-cn, Zzµz-kz-Xz-am¿∂-hƒ ASn-®p-X-fn-bmWv {]hr-Øn-
sb¶nepw hnZp-jn. Ip©≥ \ºym-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ "Ah-
sfmcp hnZp-jnbpw ]m´p-]m-Sp-∂-hfpw XymPy-{Km-ly-]-Sp-hp-am-Wv.
Ahƒ ]I¿∂ {]W-tbm¿÷w DÆm-bn-bn¬ kmln-Xo-i-‡n-
bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p.
"sh¥p-\o-dn-sb-gp-a-¥-cw-K-a-Xn¬' F∂p \f≥ Xs∂-Øm≥
hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ien-_m-[-bm¬ lrZbw sh¥p-\o-dp∂
\f≥. cmPysØ lcn-∏n®pw Im¥sb Dt]-£n-°p-am-dm-°nbpw
Im¥-bpsS ÿnXn Fs¥-∂p-t]mepw Adn-bmsX aZ-\-`m-c-Øn¬
BgvØnbpw \fs\ Ien_m[n-°p-∂p-≠v, thep F∂ cmP--In-¶-
cs‚ cq]-Øn¬. thep-hns‚ KqVm-tem-N\{]Imcw cmPmhv DÆm-
bn-hm-cy-scbpw `m\p-a-Xn-tbbpw cmP-t{Zm-ln-I-fmbn ap{Z-Ip-Øp-∂p.
A„-Zn-°p-Ifpw AtX-‰p-]-d-bp-∂p. "Ihn-h-cm, Xm¶ƒ cmPy-t{Zmlw
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.' Btcm-]-W-Øns‚ BLm-Xw -Xo-{h-am-Wv. cmPy-
t{Zm-ln-bpsS Ah-ÿ-˛-\-c-knw-l-Øns‚ aSn-bn¬°n-S∂v ]nS-
bv°p∂ lnc-Wy-I-in-]p, amdp-]n-f¿∂v NpSp-c‡w IpSn-°m≥ cu{Z-
`o-a-\m¬ hogvØ-s∏´ Zp»m-k-\≥, AX-√, tamlo-\o-h-e-b-Øn¬
IpSp-ßnb cpIvamw-K-Z≥-˛-A-bmƒ ]nS-™p-]n-S™v HS-p-ßWw.
\Sp°w Ime-߃ k©-cn®v Ctß-Ø-e-bv°-se-Øp-∂p. F∂n´pw
AXns‚ \o‰-en-s\m´pw Ipd-hn-√. B[p-\n-I-Im-e-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-
[n-bmb DÆm-bnbpw Zpxkz-]v\-ß-fm¬ Npg-‰n-sb-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-
\m-Wv.
\f-N-cn-X-Ønse Xma-k-{]-`m-h-cmb IYm-]m-{X-߃ Ien, Zzm]-
c, Im¿t°m-S-I, Im´m-f-{]-`r-Xn-Iƒ-˛-C-h¿ Ihn-bpsS am\-k-]p-
{X-∑m-sc-¶nepw Ihnsb thZ-\-bpsS AKm-[-K¿Ø-ß-fn-te°p
X≈n-bn-Sm≥ sI-ev]p≈hcmWv. \fs‚ hkv{Xw sImØnhen-
°p∂ ]£n-I-sf-t∏mse Xs‚ Xs∂ hm°p-Iƒ Ihnsb ]d-
∂p-sIm-Øp-∂p.
]pXnb ImesØ DÆmbn-bpsS Iq´p-Im¿ kzbw hnti-jn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\˛""aZyhpw ab-°p-a-cp∂pw kocn-bepw dnbm-en-‰n-
tjmbpw ssaXm-\Øp ae¿∂p≈ InS-∏p-ambn \Ω-sfms° s]cpw-
\p-W-I-fm-Wv.'' h‰n-t∏mb kc-kz-Xo\-Zn-t]mse Ipe-tØmsS A{]-
Xy-£-amb \f-N-cn-X-°m-cs‚ Pohn-Xw, B s]cpw-\p-W-bn-tebv°v
132
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Hcp Zpxkz]v\w t]mse Ib-dn-h-cp-∂p.
\f\pw DÆm-bnbpw ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw kam-\-cm-Wv. cmPyw
\„-s∏-´-h-\mWv \f≥-˛-D-Æmbn cmPy-t{Zm-ln-sb∂p ap{Z-Ip-Ø-s∏-
´-h≥. Bfl-hyY c≠n-SØpw s]mXp-hmb kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Xobn¬
Nhp´n \n∂p cNn® Imhy-am-b-Xp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ D≈p-d∏v IqSp-X-
emWv.
`m\p-a-Xn-bpsS km∂n≤yw B´-°-Ym-c-N-\-bpsS cmk-Xz-c-I-
ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂p. kz¥w Poh≥ _en-sIm-Sp-t°≠n hcp∂h-
fmWv `m\p-a-Xn. Ah-fpsS Bfl-XymKw temIw I≠ sImSnb
A]-am\w cmPm-hn\p kΩm-\n-s®-∂v DÆmbn Btcm-]n-°p-∂p.
cmPy-t{Zm-l-sa-∂ Btcm-]Ww Im]Syw \nd™ Hcp X{¥-am-bn-
cp-s∂-∂v DÆmbn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-th-f-bn¬ cmPm-hns‚ A`n-am\w
C{]-Im-c-ap-W-cp∂p˛""Hcp kq{Xw sIm≠v \ΩpsS `mj-bn¬ F°m-
e-sØbpw G‰hpw \√ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ H∂p-cq-]w-sIm-≠v.''
\mev]-sØm∂p Znh-k-Øn-\p-tijw in£-˛-F∂ \n_-‘-\-bn¬
DÆm-bnsb ]q¿Æ-ambn NqjWw sNøm≥ alm-cm-Pm-hn\p Ign-
™p. ]t£ AXns‚ ]cy-h-km\w Hcp km[zn-bpsS Poh-XymKw
sIm≠v Zmcp-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. AXv cmPm-[n-Im-csØ kv]¿in-
°p∂ hnj-b-a-√, F¶nepw DÆm-bn-bpsS kzXz-amWv AhnsS ]nS-
s™m-Sp-ßn-b-Xv. Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-\m-fn\v Iem-Im-c-t\mtSm Iem-
kzm-ZI- b
- mb ]cn-Nm-cn-It- bmtSm \oXn-]p-e¿Øm≥ sIev]n-√. a\ v
Imcn-cp-ºm-°m\pw ]´p-t]msebm-°m\pw Hcp-t]mse Ign-bm-Ø-
h¿ knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°p∂ Zpc-h-ÿ-bm-W-
Xv. hmZn-°p-∂Xpw hn[n-°p-∂-Xp-sam∂pw cmPm-hm-I-W-sa-∂n-√.
A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ A¶-Ø-f-ß-fn¬ sImSn-Ip-Øn-hmgp∂ A\o-
Xn-Isf Ipdn®v `m\p-aXnbv°v t_m[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahƒ
Ihnbv°v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂p-ap-≠v. "CXp cmP-sIm-´m-c-am-Wv.
X¿°ßƒ, Zpcq-l-X-Iƒ, Acp-Xm-bvI-Iƒ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw sImSp-
apSn Ib-‰-ap-≠m-Ipw. ]X-\-hp-ap-≠m-Ipw. D]-Pm-]-I-hr-µ-Øns‚
]nSn-bn-emb cmPm-hns\ Ipdn®v kl-Xm]w am{Xta _p≤n-a-Xn-
bmb `m\p-a-Xn-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Hcp Xc-Øn¬, kzbw-l-Xy-
bn-eqsS `m\p-aXn DÆm-bnsb Ip‰-hn-ap-‡-\m-°p-I-bmbn-cp∂p
Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw KqVm-tem-N-\-°m¿°v Btcm-]n-°m-hp∂
t{Zml-Ønse ImcWw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. `m\p-a-Xn-bmWv
ChnsS Imc-W-°mcn. Ah-fpsS \miw Ihn-bp-sSbpw IrXn-bp-
sSbpw in£ tamN-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.
Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂ Ip©≥\-
ºymsc DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ ImWp∂tX-bn-√. Ah-cpsS Imhy-{]-hm-
l-Ø-\na t]mse Xs∂ c≠p kam-¥-c-tc-J-I-fmbn Htc sIm´m-
133
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
c-Øn¬ Ah¿ Ign-bp-∂p. Bcpw Btcbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂n-√.
"ImXn-tem-e, \√ Xmfn', "Icn-I-e-°nb Ipfw, If`w Ie-°nb
Ipfw' t]mep≈ tI´p-tIƒhn-I-sfm∂pw adn-am≥I-Ænsb kv]¿in-
®n-´n√. k¿§-k-©m-c-]-Y-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ F∂pw H‰-°m-bn-cp-∂p.
\f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ `mh-Xo-{hX "adn-am≥IÆn'bneqsS IqSp-X¬
km{µ-am-Ip-∂p. C{X-Im-ehpw Ihn ad-™p-\n∂v IYm-]m-{X-߃
A\p-hm-N-I-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. C\n-ap-X¬ \f-t\m-
sSm∏w DÆm-bn-bpw, Za-b-¥n-tbm-sSm∏w `m\p-a-Xnbpw Bkzm-Z-
Is‚ a\- n¬ Xnc-bn-f°n thj-am-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw. Za-b-¥n-bpsS
hnem]w Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈pw.
"Btcm-sShs‚ sskzc-t°-Sp-Iƒ
BIth Rm≥ sNm√p inh inh inht\!
Zmcp Xs‚ ]cn-Wmta Ine \mcn-Xs‚ a\-amta
F∂p sNm√p∂p Nne¿, Is√∂p Nne¿..."'
[z\n-kz¿i-ap≈ `mj-bpsS ssIb-S°w "adn-am≥IÆn'sb
tim`-\-am-°p-∂p. C{X-ta¬ `mh-K-cna-bm¿∂ ]Z-߃ \mS-I-i-co-
c-Øn¬ HuNn-Xy-]q¿∆w _‘n-∏n-°pI hgn "adn-am≥IÆn'bpsS
hmb-\, Bkzm-Z-Is\ Xo¿®-bmbpw \f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ ]p\¿hm-b-
\-bn-te-bvs°-Øn°pw; IY-I-fn-bpsS ]pXp-bm-a-ß-fn-te-bv°p-
W¿Øn- h n- S pw. "IrXn- I ƒ a\- a p- j y- I - Y m- \ p- K m- b n- I ƒ' F∂v
Bh¿Øn®p ]d- b p- h m≥ ka¿∞- a m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. "adn-
am≥IÆn'bpsS cN-\. IYm-]m-{X-߃°p-≈n¬ Ihn a\- p-
s≠∂pw Ihn-a-\ n\p≈n¬ temI-a-\x-km-£n-bp-s≠-∂p-ap≈
Is≠-Ø-en-te°v \mSIw hnI-kn-°p-∂p.
adn-am≥ IÆn
Fw.-F≥. hn\-b-Ip-am¿
Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿
134
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
{KŸ-\n-cq]Ww
C¥y≥ {Kma-Po-hnXw
Hcp t\c-\p-`h
- w
tUm. Fw. IrjvW≥\-ºq-Xncn
ae-bm-f-Ønse bm{Xm-\p-`\ -- -km-ln-XyØn\v D]-
e-_vZ-amb G‰hpw anI® cN-\-I-fn¬ H∂mWv {io.
cho- { µs‚ "AI- e - ß - f nse a\p- j y¿'. am¿InÃv
ssk≤m-¥n-I≥, kmwkvIm-cn-I-hn-a¿i-I≥, Iem-hn-
a¿i-I≥, Ne-®n{X kwhn-[m-b-I≥, k©m-c-km-ln-
Xy-Im-c≥ F∂nßs\ ]e \ne-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-
\mWv cho-{µ≥. hym]-cn® taJ-e-I-fn-se√mw thdn´
amXr-I-bm-Im\pw cho-{µ\p km[n-®n-´p-≠v.
bm{Xm-\p-`-h-tem-I-am°n Fgp-Xp-∂-Xnse {i≤-
bmWv cho-{µ-bm-{X-Isf thdn-´-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. bm{X-
I-fn¬ bm{Xn-I-\√ bm{X-I-fmWv AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-Xv. bm{X-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp∂ ÿe-߃, {]Ir-
Xn, Pohn-Xw, kwkvIm-cw, Ncn{Xw F∂n-h-bv°mWp
{]m[m-\yw. BJym-Xmhv kzbw \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw
BJym-\-IsØ ]pcx-t£-]n-°p-Ibpw (foregroun
ding) sNøp-tºm-gmWv bm{Xm-hn-h-caw kmln-Xym-
\p-`-h-ambn amdp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ hy‡n-]-cXsb AS-
°n-sh--bv°p-Ibpw ImgvNbv°pw A\p-`-h-Øn\pw
Bkv]Z-am-bp≈ kaq-lsØ Xpd-∂p-h-bv°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂p F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv cho-{µs‚ bm{Xm-\p-
135
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
`h-߃ {it≤-b-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
"AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-jy¿' F∂ {KŸio¿jIw Xs∂ {i≤n-
°p-I. AI-e-߃"' hnZq-c-amb ÿe-cm-in-I-sfbpw "a\p-jy¿' a\p-
jy-k-aq-l-ß-sf-bp-amWv Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. io¿j-I-tØmSp tN¿∂p-
\n¬°p∂ 23 BJym\JfißfmWv Cu IrXn- b n- e p- ≈ - X v .
C¥y≥ {Kma-Po-hn-XsØ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ A\p-`-h-km£y-
ß- f m- W nh. A[n- I - a mcpw IS- ∂ p- s N- ∂ n- ´ n- √ mØ Dƒ\m- S ≥
{Kmaßfpw ]¿∆-X-tZ-i-ßfpw BZn-hm-k-P-\-Xbpw Ah-cpsS
tKm{X- h ¿§- P o- h n- X hpw cho- { µs‚ BJym- \ - Ø n¬ \nd- ™ p-
\n¬°p-∂p. h≥\-K-c-ß-fnse hnkva-b-Zr-iy-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂
bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw cho-{µs‚ {Kma-Po-hn-X-Nn-{X-߃
\sΩ ]®-a-Æns‚ B¿{Z-X-I-fn-te°p sIm≠pt]m-Ip-∂p.
B{‘m-{]-tZ-iv, Hdo- , Bkmw, Acp-Wm-N¬{]-tZiv F∂o
kwÿm-\-ß-fnse A]-cn-Nn-X-amb {Kma-ßfpw Akm-[m-c-Wamb
Pohn-X-ssi-fn-Ifpw BWv "AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-jy¿' ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. FØn-t®-cm≥ {]Ir-Xn-Xs∂ {]Xn-_-‘-߃ kr„n-
°p-∂, Kh¨sa‚p-Xs∂ {]th-i\w \nb-{¥n-®n-´p-≈, tKm{X-h¿§-
P-\X IS-t∂-‰sØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂, ]e-X-c-Øn¬ sh√p-hn-fn-
I-fp-b¿Øp-∂, ÿe-ßfpw P\-k-aq-lhpw Hcp a\p-jy-kvt\-ln-
bpsS £am-]-W-]q¿∆hpw Icp-Wm-h-b-hp-amb Bcm-b-ep-Iƒ°vap-
∂n¬ kzbw A\m-hr-X-am-hp-I-bmWv Cu IrXn-bn¬. AXp-sIm-
≠pXs∂ tIh-e-bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fpsS `qan-im-kv{X-L-S-\bpw
cN-\m-co-Xnbpw ChnsS A{]-k-‡-am-Ip-∂p. tP¿W-en-Ãns‚ {]I-
S-\-]-c-Xbpw cho-{µ\v kzo-Im-cy-a√. aÆn-t\mSpw a\p-jy-t\mSpw
tN¿∂p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ ]I¿∂p-In-´p∂ Nqcpw-NqSpw hm°p-Ifn¬
\nd-®p-h-bv°pI F∂ lrZy-amb cN-\m-I¿Ω-amWv cho-{µ≥ Cu
IrXn-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-®n-´p-≈Xv.
B{‘-bnse ]pI-bp∂ {Kma-߃
Z£ntW¥y≥ {Kma-ß-fnse a\p-jy-Po-hnXw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-Xn-\mbn B{‘-{]-tZ-inse Dƒ\m-S≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te-°mWp
cho-{µ≥ bm{X-sN-øp-∂-Xv. k¥-dm-hq¿, h°-√q¿, hc-Sva-√n, sIm√o-
cp, ]nc-≠-∏n-≈n, s]±m-]pcw XpS-ßn-bh AØcw Nne {Kma-ß-
fm-Wv. IrjvW, tKmZm-hcn \Zn-Ifpw ]m]n-sIm≠ , ss_k¨
ae-\n-c-Ifpw Ahn-S-ß-fnse Kncn-h¿§-P-\-Xbpw Cu bm{Xmhnh-
c-W-ß-fn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p. hnP-b-hm-U-bn-ep≈ k¥-dm-hq¿ Hcp
km[m-cW C¥y≥ {Kma-Øns‚ ]cn-t—-Z-am-Wv. ""aÆp-sa-gp-In-b-p-
b¿Ønb amf-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ {Kmao-W¿, GXm\pw \qdp-cq-
]-Iƒ°v IpSpw-_sØ samØ-Øn¬ P∑n-°p-hn‰ I¿j-I-sØm-
gn-em-fn-Iƒ, sh≈hpw thebpw t\m°n \oßp∂ \nXy-bm-{Xn-I-
136
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
h¿§-߃, \mWw-sI´ \nc-£-c-X, PmXn-tZz-jw, kwLw Xncn™p
Ien-Xp-≈p∂ {Kma-cmjv-{Sobw, hnkva-bn-∏n-°p∂ \mS≥ kuµ-
cym-¥¿K-X-߃, hm¿≤-Iy-sØbpw {]tIm-]n-°p∂ kvss{XWX
(]pdw 11) CsXm-s°-bmWv B{‘m-{Km-a-߃ bm{Xn-I\p ap∂n¬
Xpd-∂p-h-bv°p∂ kmwkvIm-cn-I-ap-{Z-Iƒ.''
k¥-dm-hq-cn¬\n∂pw ae-ap-I-fnse sdÕn-I-fpsS Bhm-k-
tI{µß-fn-te°p IS∂p-sN-√p-tºmƒ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS h\y-ku-µ-
cyhpw Kl-\-Xbpw ]I-cp∂ A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. Ing-°≥
tKmZm-h-cn-bpse ""]m]n-sIm≠'' ae-\n-c-Iƒ°v Ccp-]p-d-hp-ambn
h\m-¥¿`m-K-ß-fn¬ NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ At\Iw {Kma-ß-fn-sem-
∂mWv h°-√q¿. AhnSsØ BZn-hm-kn-P-\-X-bmWv sIm≠-sd-
Õn-Iƒ. BNmcm\pjvTm-\-ß-fn¬ Dd-®Xpw Im¿jn-I-tI-{µnX-hp-
amb Kncn-h¿§-Po-hn-X-amWv h°-√q-cnepw ac-Sva-√n-bnepw ImWp-
I. Kncn-\n-c-I-fnse \n›n-X-{Km-am-Xn¿Øn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ ]cn-an-N-
s∏´p Pohn-°p∂ sIm≠-sd-Õn-Isf ka-X-e-Øn¬\n-∂p-h-cp∂
X{¥-km-en-I-fmb I®-h-S-°m¿ NqjWw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n cho-
{µ≥ Fgp-Xp-∂p-≠v.
BZn-hm-kn-Po-hn-XsØ Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ Hcp kmap-
ly-km-º-Øn-I-ÿm-]-\-ambn h\m-¥-c-ß-fnse BgvN-®-¥-Isf
ImWmw. h\-hn-`-h-ß-fp-ambn N¥-I-fn-se-Øp∂ BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ
Xß-fpsS hn`-h-߃ XmW-hn-e-bv°p-hn‰v XpWn, asÆ-Æ, D∏v,
]pI-bne, I≈v XpS-ßnb ka-X-e-hn-`-h-߃ ]Xn≥a-Sßp hne
\evIn hmßp-∂p. hyXy-kvX-Po-hn-X-ssi-en-Ifpw s]cp-am‰k{º-
Zm-bß- fpw XΩn-ep≈ IqSn-°mgvN CØcw {Ka-hn-]W - n-If
- n¬ \S-
°p-∂p-≠v. kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-ab - Ø
- n-s‚bpw ktΩ-f\ - Ø
- n-s‚bpw
Ac-ßmWv CØcw hn]-Wn-Iƒ. tIhew hym]m-cb - p-‡n-sIm-≠-
√, kmwkvIm-cn-I-{]-k-‡n-sIm-≠mWv CØcw hn]-Wn-k-tΩ-f-\-
߃ {i≤n-°s - ∏-tS-≠Xv F∂v cho-{µ≥ \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.
s\mº-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp IY-t]mse hmbn-®p-s]m-Im-hp-∂-
XmWv "tKmZm-h-cn-bnse ap°p-hØn' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn-ep≈
BJym-\w. tKmZm-hcn \-Znsb B{i-bn®v D]-Po-h\w Ign-°p∂
ap°phkap-Zm-bhpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw
kml-kn-I-Xbpw {]mXn-\n-[y-co-Xn-bn¬ \oen-bpsS IY-bn-eqsS
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv, cho-{µ≥. sh≈-Øn¬ Hgp-In-\-S-°p∂
s]mßp-X-Sn-t]mse \oenbpw IpSpw-_hpw tKmZ-h-cn-bn¬ Hgp-In-
k-©-cn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
apJy-[m-c-bn¬\n∂pw hI-™p-am-‰-s∏´ thiym-kv{Xo-I-fpsS
Pohn-Xhpw cho-{µ-k-©m-c-Øn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. B{‘-
bnse tKmZm-h-cn, IrjvW-Pn-√-I-fn¬ Iq´-ambn Xma-kn-°p∂ t`mK-
137
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
k-ap-Zmbw thiym-hrØn Ipe-sØm-gn-embn sIm≠p-\-S-°p-∂-h-
cm-Wv. Hcp ImeØv tZh-Zm-kn-I-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´v am\y-amb
\ne-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ t`mK-kv{Xo-Iƒ C∂v AXn-thKw km[m-
c-W-th-iy-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. s]±m-]p-cØpw
cmPvap-{fin-bnepw CØcw tZh-Zm-kn-Isf cho-{µ≥ I≠p-ap-´p-∂p-
≠v.
Hdnb {Kma-ß-fn¬ ssiXy-Imew
B{‘m{Km-a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Hdnb {Kma-ß-fn-te-s°-Øp-tºmƒ
as‰mcp `qJ-fi-Øn¬ FØn-b-Xp-t]mse A]-cn-Nn-X-Xzhpw Akm-
[m-c-W-Xzhpw A]q¿∆-Xbpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Smw. `q{]-Ir-Xn-sIm≠pw
Imem- h - ÿ - s Im≠pw Pohn- X - s si- e n- s Im≠pw Z£ntW- ¥ y-
bn¬\n∂pw hS-°p-In-g-°≥ C¥y F{X-am{Xw AIew ]men-
°p∂p F∂p-IqSn hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv Hdo- -bnse k©m-cw.
ssiXy-Imew Hdn-b-bn¬ BtLm-j-ß-fp-sSbpw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-
fp-sSbpw Ime-amWv Zp¿§m-]q-Pbpw Pm{Xm-\m-S-I-ßfpw Hdn-b-bpsS
kmwkvIm-cn-Im-¥-co-£-Øn¬ cho-{µ≥ I≠-dn™p hnh-cn-°p-∂p.
tZl-amsI ]pX-∏p-sIm≠p aqSn dm¥¬hn-f-°p-Ifpw Xq°n X-
WpØ ]mXn-cm-{Xn-I-fn¬ Pm{Xm-∏-¥-ep-Isf em°m°n \S-°p∂
{Kmao-W-Ip-Spw-_-߃ Hdo bnse IuXp-I-I-c-amb ImgvN-bm-Wv.
hyXy-kvX-{]-hn-iy-I-fn-ep≈ aq∂p-{Km-a-ß-fmWv Hdn-b≥ {Kma-
bm-{X-I-fn¬ cho-{µ\v BXn-Yy-a-cp-fp-∂Xv. sU≥I-\m¬ Pn√-bnse
Xn°-d] - m-U, I´-°n-\S- p-Øp≈ ]bvIm-c] - q¿{Km-aw, BZn-hmkn {Kma-
amb sImbnw-Q¿ F∂n-h-bm-W-h. bm{X-°n-S-bn¬ Hcp hgn-b-º-
e-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Xn°-s]m-U-bn¬ {Zu]Zn F∂ thiy-bpsS
IpSn- e n¬ Hcp cm{Xn cho- { µ\p Xtß- ≠ n- h - c p- ∂ p. {Zu]- Z n-
bn¬\n∂pw tI´-dn™pw ]I¬bm-{X-bn¬ I≠-dn™pw In´nb
hnh-c-߃ Iq´n-h-bv°p-tºmƒ Xn°-d]m-U-bpsS GI-tZ-i-Nn{Xw
In´p-∂p. Jmkn, tNmk, sIhptSm kap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬s∏´ \qdn¬
Xmsg IpSpw-_-߃ Xma-kn-°p∂ A]-cn-jvIr-Xhpw H‰-s∏-´-Xp-
amb Hcp {Kma-amWv Xn°-d-]m-U.
]bvIm-c-∏q¿ {Kma-Ønse e£vao-Im¥v kXv]Xn F∂ Zcn-{Z-
{_m-“-Ws‚ ho´p-Xn-Æ-bn-en-cp∂v {Kmao-W-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-°p-
tºmƒ, Zmcn{Zyw AhnsS PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-sat\y Hcp {]iv\-ambn
_m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂p a\- n-em-Ipw. A‘-hn-izm-khpw
hn[n-hn-izm-khpw aXm-fl-I-Xbpw Hdnb {Kmao-Wsc sacp°n ac-
hn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hdnb {Kmao-W-sc-°p-dn®p cho-{µs‚ Hcp \nco-£Ww
Cßs\˛ ""B{‘-{Km-a-ß-fpsS {]k-cn∏pw Iem-]-Im-ep-jyhpw
Hdnb {Kma-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. Np‰pw aÆpw NmW-Ihpw sagpIn
Db¿Ønb Npa-cp-Iƒ°p a[y-Ønse sIm®p-ap-‰Øv Xß-epsS
138
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
kzIm-cy-߃ Hfn-∏n®p Ign-bm-\n-„-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cmWv Hdnb {Kmao-
W¿'' (]p-dw, 64).
Hdo-   - b n- s e, AXn- h n- N n- { X- a mb Pohn- X - s si- e n- I ƒsIm≠v
{]tXyIw {i≤n-t°≠ Hcp P\-k-ap-Zm-b-amWv tJmfip-Iƒ. Hdo-
 -bnse {][m\ BZn-hmkn h¿§-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv tJmfip-Iƒ,
sImbnw-Q¿ F∂ {Kma-Øn¬ Iq´-ambn hkn-°p∂ C°q-´-cpsS
PohnXw cho-{µ≥ Zo¿L-am-bnØs∂ BJym\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. Ch-
cpsS P\-\w, hnhm-lw, acWw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ Pohn-X-k-µ¿`-
ß-sf√mw AXn-hn-Nn-{X-amb BNm-c-ß-fn¬ \nb-{¥n-X-am-Wv.
tJmfip-hn-hm-l-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-cWw Gsd ck-I-c-am-Wv.
amk-ß-tfmfw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ NS-ßp-Iƒ {Kmaw H∂msI Gs‰-
SpØp \S- Ø p- ∂ p. Hcp BZn- h m- k n- P - \ - \ - k mw- k v I m- c n- I - a mbn
Fßs\ hyXn- c n- ‡ X ]pe¿Øp∂p F∂p a\-   n- e m- ° m≥
sImbnw-Q-dnse tJmfip-h¿§-°m-cpsS A\p-jvTm-\m-fl-I-amb
PohnXw {i≤n-®m¬ aXn.
Bkmw-s]-cp-h-gn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ
Hdo m{Kma-Po-hn-Øn¬\n∂pw Bkmw s]cp-h-gn-I-fn-te°p
Xpd-°p∂ bm-{Xm\p`h-Øns‚ BJym-\-J-fi-ß-fmWv IrXn-
bnse \me-[ym-b-߃. Zdm-Mv, Ima-cq]v Pn√-I-fnse t_mtUm-
h¿§-°m¿ Ah-cpsS {]mIr-X-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-sIm≠v s]mXp-k-
aq-l-Øn¬\n∂pw thdn-´p-\n¬°p-∂p. {_“-]p-{X-bpsS \mSmb
Bkm-ao\n sh≈-s∏m-°-Øns‚ Zpcn-X-߃ CS-bv°nsS G‰p-hm-
tß-≠n-h-cp-∂p-≠v. F¶nepw sXfn™ {Kmao-W-Po-hnXw AhnsS
ImWm-sa∂v cho-{µ≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
at\m-l-c-amb jnt√m-ßv, tKmlmXn ]´Wßfpw cho-{µs‚
kµ¿-i-\-Øn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. jnt√mßv Ct∏mƒ taLm-e-
bbpsS Xeÿm\-amWv hS-°p-In-g-°≥ C-¥y-bnse ]cn-jvIm-c-
{`-a-߃ ]nd-hn-sIm-≈p-∂Xv jnt√m-ßn-em-Wv. tdmUn-te-°n-d-ßn-
h- c p∂ taL- ß fpw a™n¬ Aen- ™ p- t N- c p∂ hrØ- ß fpw
ss]≥ac-߃°n-S-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ XI-c-ta¬∏p-c-Ifpw eqjm-
bn-s∏-Æp-ßfpw cho-{µs‚ A\p-`-h-hym-Jym-\sØ Ihn-X-tbmSv
ASp-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. tKmlm-Xn-bnse tlm´-en¬ ]m{Xw Igp-Ip∂
t\∏mfn sNdp-∏° - m-c≥ N{µ-_l - Z- q¿, cho-{µ≥ ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp∂
ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp a\p-jy-am-Xr-I-bmWv. AΩsb At\z-jn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ _l-Zq¿ Fw.-Sn.-bpsS "a™n'se _p±p-hns\
Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
Bkm-anse Hcp {]ap-J-Xo¿∞m-S-\-ÿeamb Ima-cq]v Pn√-
bnse Imam-cq]v Pn√-bnse Imam-Jy-t£{Xw Hc-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-
cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. \oem-Nm¬ F∂ Ip∂n≥ap-I-fn-ep≈ Cu t£{X-
139
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
Øn¬ Imam-Jy-bpsS tbm\n-bmWp {]Xn-jvT. Bkm-ans‚ ]q¿∆-
N-cn-{X-Øn¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂ `K-hXn k¶-ev]sØ ]g-¶-Y-
IfpsSbpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fp-sSbpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w
sNøp-∂p≠v, cho-{µ≥.
Acp-Wm-N¬°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ
"AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-jycn'¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ BJym\w Acp-
Wm-N¬{]-tZ-inse {Kma-ß-sfbpw a\p-jy-scbpw tI-{µo-I-cn-®p-
≈-XmWv. tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂pw Gsd AI-se, C¥y-bpsS hS-°p-
In- g - ° ≥ AXn¿Øn kwÿm- \ - a mb Acp- W m- N ¬{]tZiv
kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw Bkm-ao-t\mSv Gsd-°psd
kmtlm- Z cyw ]pe¿Øp- ∂ p- ≠ v . Ing- ° ≥ lnam- e - b - Ø ns‚
sX°≥Ncn-hp-I-fmWv t\^m (NEFA) F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ Ct∏m-
gsØ Acp-Wm-N¬{]-tZ-iv. hS-°p-In-g-°≥ C¥y-bnse G‰hpw
henb kwÿm-\-amWv Cu ]¿∆-X-`q-an. Chn-sS, lnam-e-b≥ ae-
\n-c-I-fn-embn ap∆m-bn-c-tØmfw {Kma-߃ NnX-dn-°n-S-°p-∂p. \q‰m-
≠p-I-fmbn _mly-tem-I-_-‘-ß-fn-√msX At\ym\yw kzX-
{¥hpw k¶p-Nn-X-hpamb h¿§-hn-izm-k-ßfpw XmXv]-cy-ßfpw
]pe¿Øp∂ {KmaoW P\-X-bmWv Chn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. \Zn-Ifpw ae-
Ifpw h\-ßfpw Cu {Kma-ßsf ]c-kv]cw AI‰n \n¿Øp-∂p.
_p≤-a-X-hn-izm-k-I-fmWv {Kma-ß-fn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw k¿°m-cns‚
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-ƒ th≠{X ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-Øm≥ Ign-bmØ
kml- N - c y- ß fpw D≠v . khn- t ijamb Kncn- h ¿§- k w- k v I mcw
_mly-tem-I-C-S-s]-S-ep-I-sfbpw kzm[o-\-ß-sfbpw kwi-b-Zr-„n-
tbmsS am{Xta ImWp-I-bp-≈q. Cßs\ \nc-h[n {]mXn-Iq-ey-
ßfpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw \nd™ Hcp kml-kn-I-]-cy-S-\-amWv cho-
{µ≥ Acp-Wm-N-en¬ \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
\nc-h[n {Kma-߃ cho-{µs‚ \o≠-\m-fsØ Ae-®n-en-te°p
IS- ∂ p- h - c p- ∂ p- ≠ v . sa_p, NuJm, Im∏p, sk\p- h m, hm©p,
]MvNu, Nm\p, temMvkw F∂nh Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. ]Zw F∂
BZn-hm-kn-h¿§-Øn¬s∏-´-h-cmWv sa_p-{Km-a-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. BNm-
cw, `£-Ww, hkv{Xw, sXmgn¬ F∂n-h-bn-se√mw sa_p-ap{Z thdn-
´-Xm-Ip-∂p. an\n-tbmMv hw-i-Øn¬s∏´hcmWv as‰mcp hn`m-Kw.
Ch¿ dwKnMv F∂ {Kma-Øn¬ ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb PohnXw \bn-
°p-∂p. ag-b-n¬s∏´p-t]mb \mep-Zn-hkw ]kw ]tdmMv F∂ an\n-
tbmMv h¿-§-°mct\msSm∏w Abm-fpsS IpSn-en¬ cho-{µ≥ Xma-
kn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. {Kmao-W-tcm-sSm-∏-ap≈ CØcw kl-hm-k-߃
t\c-\p-`-h-Øns‚ IY-bmbn Cu IrXn-bn¬ \nd-bp-∂p-≠v.
NuJm-{Kmaw AXns‚ ss\k¿§n-Ihpw h\yhpamb kuµ-
cyw-sIm≠v BI¿j-I-am-sW∂v {KŸ-Im-c≥ ]d-bp-∂p. hS°≥
140
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
]¿∆-X-Øns‚ ]mZ-\n-c-I-fn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ s_mtd-Mv,
XmtbyMv \Zn-Iƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ ]pcm-X-\-{Km-a-amWv NuJm. JmØn-
h¿§-°m-cmWv Chn-SsØ \nhm-kn-Iƒ. Im∏p, sk\p-hm, hm©p
{Kma-ß-fnse cho-{µs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-ƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ IuXp-I-
sØ-°mƒ `b-amWv hmb-\-°m¿°p-≠m-hp-I. A]-cn-jvIr-Xcpw
A]-I-S-Im-cn-Ifpw Bb, {]mIr-X-hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬ ]pe-cp∂ P\-
X-tbmSv `mj-sIm≠pw kwkvIm-cw-sIm≠pw AXy¥w `n∂-\mb
Hcmƒ Fß-s\-bmhpw kwh-Zn-°p-∂Xpw kl-h-kn-°p-∂Xpw F∂
A¤p-Xhpw Db-cmw. Ah-cnse {]mIr-X-Xztam \nKq-V-X-Itfm
A√, Ah-cnse a\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv, kwkvImcsØbmWv cho-{µ≥
{i≤n-°p-∂-Xv. Im∏p-{Km-a-Ønse cmPmhv sk\phm {Kma-Ønse
aq∂m-fp-I-fpsS Xe sh´n-bXpw Xncn®v sk\p-hm-{Km-a-cm-Pmhv F´p-
t]-cpsS Xe-sIm-bvXXpw Hcn-SØv hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. tiJ-cn® Xe-
tbm-Sp-Ifpw F√p-Ifpw ]qP-sN-øp∂ coXnbpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-
≠v. Im¿jnIhrØn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´m-Ws{X Cu ]qP-Iƒ \S-
Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
Acp-Wm-N¬bm-{X-°n-S-bn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏´ bphm-°-fmb c≠p
hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ {Kma-]-cy-S-\-Øn¬ cho-{µ\v klm-bn-I-fm-bn-Øo-
cp-∂p-≠v. hm©p-{Km-a-Øn-ep≈ hmMvkp, XnwKvfw F∂o t]cp-I-
fn-ep≈ sNdp-∏-°m¿ hm©p-{Km-a-Ønse hoSp-I-fn¬ cho-{µ\v
BXn-Yy-a-cp-fp-∂p-≠v. Nm\p, temMvkw, ]MvNu {Kma-ß-fn¬ k©-
cn-°m\pw hmMvkp, XnKvfw kplr-Øp-°ƒ klm-b-I-am-bn-´p-≠v.
{Kma-ß-ense tKm{X-co-bn-ep≈ `c-Whpw A[n-Im-c-hy-h-ÿbpw
P\m- [ n- ] - X y- k - ¶ - e v ] - ß - f n¬\n∂pw {Kma- P o- h n- X sØ AI- ‰ n-
\n¿Øp-∂p. {Kma-ß-fnse hoSp-I-fpsS \n¿Ωm-W-co-Xn, IpSpw-_-
hy-h-ÿ, `£-W-]m-\o-b-߃, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-߃ F∂n-h-
sb√mw cho-{µ≥ {Kmam-¥-c-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn®v I≠pw-tI´pw Adn-
bp-I-bm-Wv.
Acp-Wm-N¬ {]tZ-inse {Kmao-W-I-em-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
hnh-c-W-amWv Cu IrXn-bnse Ah-km-\-A-[ym-bw. kz¥w \rØ-
ssi-en-Ifpw \mS-I-cq-]-ß-fp-ap≈ Ccp-]-Xn-tesd BZn-hm-kn-h¿§-
ß-fp-≈-Xmbn bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Iogvhg-°-ß-
fpsS I¿i-\-amb \nb-{¥-W-ß-fp≈ D]-Nm-c-\r-Ø-ß-fmWv Ah-
bn-te-sd-bpw. hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw BÀm-Z-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈ \rØ-
߃ BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Cs√-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. D¿∆-c-Xm-
{]-Xo-I-ßfpw am{¥n-I-k-¶-ev]-ß-fpw-sIm≠p \nd™ \rØ-cq-
]-߃ hnt\m-Zhpw BÀm-Z-hp-a√ e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv. "APn-emap'
F∂ IYm-\rØw AØ-c-Øn-sem-∂m-Wv. Irjn-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏-´mWv IqSp-X¬ \rØm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw. hnØ-dn-°¬, then-
141
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
sI-´¬, IXn-cp-s]m-Sn-°¬, hnf-sh-Sp-°¬ F∂o \mep-L´ßfn¬
{]tXyIw \rØm-h-cWw D≠m-Ipw. s]mWpßv F∂ t]cn-ep-≈-
XmWv as‰mcp \rØ-cq-]w. XnI®pw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Acp-Wm-N¬
{Kmao-W-Po-hn-XØns‚ Hs´√m hi-ßfpw I≠-dn™v Ah-X-cn-
∏n-°m≥ cho-{µs‚ bm{X-Iƒ°p Ign-™n-´p-≠v.
B[p-\n-I-X, \mK-cn-I-X, kmt¶-Xn-IX XpS-ßnb \h-sIm-tfm-
Wn-b¬ Pohn-X-k-t¶X-ß-sfm∂pw sXm´p-Xo-≠n-bn-´n-√mØ Hcp
{]nan-‰ohv Pohn-X-amWv "AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-jycn'¬ hmbn-®-dn-bm-
hp-∂-Xv. apJy-[m-cm-Po-hn-Xhpw kwkvIm-c-hp-ambn AXn\p Imcy-
amb _‘-sam-∂p-an-√. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS h\y-ss\-k¿§n-I-X-bn¬
A]-cn-jvIrX PohnXw \bn-°p-∂, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-ku-lrZw Pohn-X-
Øn¬ ]men-°p∂ aÆns‚ a°-sf-bmWv AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-jy-
cmbn cho-{µ≥ cq]Ww sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aÆn-s‚bpw ae-bp-
sSbpw Acp-hn-I-fp-sSbpw ac-ß-fp-sSbpw kq£va-K-‘-߃, hnNn- teJI ]cn-Nbw

sI.-]n. i¶-c≥, AXpey ]m¿°v, sSºnƒ tdmUv, ]n.-H. ]qtØmƒ,
{X-amb `£-W-cp-NnIƒ, \mS≥]m-´p-Ifpw hmZy-ßfpw DW¿
Xr»q¿ ˛ 680 004.
tUm. sI.-]n. taml-\≥, KoXm-RvP-en, NqSn-s°m´
Øp≈ i_vZ-Xm-f-߃, sImSn-b ssiXyhpw AXyp-jvWhpw
aøgn
s{]m^. Fcp-taen ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n-≈, "{]Xn`' sN´n-°p-f-ß-c,
\evI-p∂ kv]¿i-\m\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ, ImSpw \mSpw \nd-™m-Sp∂ Zriy-
amth-en-°-c, Be-∏pg
C.-]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥, {iotc-J, amWn-bm´v ]n.-
s∏m-en-a-Iƒ˛ Cßs\ ]t©-{µn-b-ß-sfbpw {Xkn-∏n-°p∂ Pohn-
H., Imk-d-tKmUv ˛ 671 310
tUm. Fkv.-F-kv. {ioIp-am¿, "Pb-k-Z\w',
Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS t\cm-Jym-\-ambn cho-{µs‚ "AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-
]\-ßmSv ]n.-H., Ipf-\-S, ]¥fw hgn, ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ˛ 689 503
tUm. sI.
jy¿' k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ A\-\z-b-c-N-\-bmbn \ne-sIm-
B¿. tSmWn, ]pe-cn, Zo]vXn \K¿, ]n.-H. ]qtØmƒ, Xr»q¿ ˛ 680 004

≈p-∂p.
]n.-F≥. tKm]o-Ir-jvW≥, sI.-Fk - v.F
- ^
- v.C
- . `{Z-X, sNºp-°m-hv, Xr»q¿ ˛
680 020
kPbv sI.-hn., If-cn-°¬IpSn hoSv, CuÃv amdmSn ]n.-H. aphm-
AI-e-ß-fnse a\p-jy¿
‰p-]g ˛ 686 673
APbv ]n. aßm-´v, ae-bmf at\m-c-a, tImgn-t°mSv
Sn.-
cho-{µ≥
Sn. {]`m-I-c≥, {imh-Ww, At©-cn, Ipcn-b-®nd ]n.-H., Xriq¿ ˛ 680 006

amXr-`qan _pIvkv, tImgn-t°mSv ]n.-F-kv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, Sn.-kn. 26/543, sk{I-´-dn-b‰v hm¿Uv A[ym-]-I-`-
h-\p-k-ao-]w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001
_n.-B¿. kpta-jv, ]\-®-hn-fm-
IØv hoSv, Nmß ]n.-H., Bcy-\m-Sv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
]mSyw hniz-\m-Yv,
Pb-kvar-Xn, ]Øm-b-°p∂v ]n.-H., Xe-t»-cn, IÆq¿ ˛ 670 691
_nPp
Im™-ßm-Sv, Ing-°pw-I-c, APm-\q¿ Imk-d-tKmUv ˛ 671 531
Znhy
ioshm-≈n, Ing-t°-SØv a\, s]cp-ºn-≈n-t»-cn, tN¿∏v ]n.-H., Xr»q¿ ˛
680 561
Sn.-kn. tPm¨, ]n.-H. aqe-¶m-hv, kp¬Øm≥ _tØ-cn, hb-\mSv

sI.-F-kv. hnizw-`-c-Zm-kv, "s]mbvI', Sn.-kn. 27/1942, Nnd-°pfw tdmUv,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 1
tUm. kn. {ioIp-am-c≥, kwkvIr-X-hn-`mKw ta[m-
hn, kmaq-Xncn Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏≥ tImtf-Pv, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 14
tUm. Fw.
IrjvW≥\-ºq-Xn-cn, Pn˛4, KwK A∏m¿´p-sa‚ vkv, i¶-cø PwKvj≥, ]n.-H.
]qtØmƒ, Xr»q¿ ˛ 4
Ie-tamƒ Sn.-sI., hf-°-S-hn¬ lukv, ]n.-H.
Af-K-∏-\-K¿, Xr»q¿ ˛ 680 302
tUm. ]n. kPohv Ipam¿, Acn-ºq¿
]n.-H., Xr»q¿
cma-N-{µ≥ tIme-gn, tImegn ]n.-H., Xr»q¿
kXojv
InSm-c-°pgn, InSm-c-°p-gn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.
142 143
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ 2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿
 144
2010 \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿