Professional Documents
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You are going to read four extracts from an article about customer service. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on
the answer sheet to indicate which extract tells you the answer to each of the questions from 9 to 18. The
extracts may be chosen more than once. (1 pt)
A C
"The customer is always right" is a famous Think about how you've been treated whenever
business slogan. The underlying truth behind this you've been the customer. If you've ever had a bad
statement is recognising that customers are the life experience with a company, you know that it's not
blood for any business. Understanding the easy to forget the encounter. Perhaps a shop
importance of good customer service is essential for assistant was too busy stocking shelves to help you
a healthy business in creating new customers, pay for your items. Maybe there wasn't anyone
keeping loyal customers, and developing an around to answer your questions or help you with
effective referral system for future customers. some additional information. You might have had to
Excellent customer service begins at the initial deal with an employee who won't help you because
greeting, whether that's in person, on the phone, or of some company rule. In any of these instances, the
via email. In all of these situations, using good managers or the owner of the store usually aren't
people skills will increase the chances of creating a made aware of the poor customer service. Instead,
positive impression. For example, saying hello with the people that do hear about it are many of the
a smile to a customer who has just walked in the customer's family and friends. Word travels very
door will invite that person in and make them feel fast when it comes to communicating negative
welcome. On the other hand, when an employee experiences to the world. Especially with any
doesn't acknowledge the client, or implies they are internet business transactions, product reviews are
an inconvenience, that customer immediately feels quite common. Whether it's positive or negative
slighted, and that negative feeling doesn't get the feedback about a product or service, people write
customer in a buying mood. without inhibition about their shopping experiences.
B D
If the employee gives good customer service on When dealing with clients, sometimes there are
the phone, the initial greeting will be courteous. This situations that need to be resolved. If the customer is
makes the client feel comfortable. In turn, the upset about a product or service they've received
customer will appreciate the pleasant greeting and from the company, the first thing an employee
usually be more agreeable on the other end of the should do is to listen. By taking the time to hear the
phone. This is a much better situation for the client entire complaint through, the customer feels that you
than leaving messages on answering machines, care. Occasionally, the issue is actually not related to
never getting any returned phone calls, or trying to your company at all, but the initial problem is
extract some product information from an uncaring merely a catalyst for that person's frustration about
employee. Of course, good customer service goes other things. Either way, attentive listening will
beyond the initial contact. Answering customers' break down that barrier and begin to build a bridge
questions and helping them choose the right product to fix the situation. Usually, discussing different
or service that best fits their needs is a great example options will bring about a positive outcome for both
of going the extra mile. This kind of service sides. The retail business is extremely competitive,
establishes goodwill, and will eventually lead to and there are no guarantees of a company's survival.
loyal customers. Even if that person doesn't Of course, other factors play a part, such as value for
purchase anything at that time, the good shopping money, convenient opening hours, and so on, but in
experience will encourage repeat business. the long run, treating people fairly and with respect
is the best recipe for success in retailing.
You are going to read the introduction to a book about déjà vu. For questions 19 to 24, choose the answer
(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. (0.6 pt)
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
‘I’ve been here before’: the déjà vu feeling
Most people – two out of three, according to surveys – have experienced déjà vu (French for ‘already
seen’). It is that weird sensation of having ‘been here before’ or having ‘lived this moment already’. You may
be visiting some entirely unfamiliar town, for instance, and ‘realise’ that you have already been in that precise
spot, even though you know it is impossible. The feeling goes way beyond any vague sense of having seen or
done something similar before – it feels identical to a past experience. Yet trying to pin down the memory is
like trying to catch a dream – just as you think you are homing in on it, it turns to vapour. The eeriness of this
has led to all sorts of spooky theories. A popular one is that it is the memory of a dream in which the person
has lived through the current moment in advance. In recent years, however, neuroscientists have discovered
enough about perception and memory to piece together a more plausible explanation.
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Every conscious experience we have is ‘constructed’ by our brain out of lots of different components,
rather as a car might be made in a factory. We tend to think of an event as a bundle of sensations: sight, sound,
etc., but there is actually much more to it. If you (literally) bump into someone in the street, for example, you
will be aware of the sight of them, the touch of them as you bump, the sound each of you makes, and so on.
But you will also be aware of the meaning, tone and intention of the sound, the pain from the bump, a sense of
irritation or embarrassment; a thought, perhaps, that you. or the other person, is clumsy, and so on. There is
much more to experience than simple sensations.
One very important ‘component’ that often gets added is a sense of familiarity. This is generated in the
deep part of the brain that creates emotions. The sense of ‘Ah yes! I recognise this!’ usually only gets attached
to experiences which ‘match’ stored memories. Sometimes, though, the part of the brain which generates the
feeling of familiarity attaches it to an experience that is actually quite novel. This is what seems to happen in
déjà vu. The brain then tries to dig out matching memories, but of course they aren’t there – hence the
maddening feeling of chasing shadows.
For most people, déjà vu is a rare and fleeting phenomenon, intriguing rather than disturbing. And it doesn't
seem to be unhealthy – indeed, déjà vu is most commonly reported by people who are young, intelligent and
well-educated. Given that it is actually a minor brain malfunction, this may seem strange. The explanation
may be that young brains are more ‘recognition sensitive', so they are more easily triggered into familiarity
mode. Similar sensitivity may also be a factor in intelligence – bright people ‘see things’ more readily than
others, and intelligent people tend to go on to higher education. So déjà vu may be a side effect of having a
brain that is quick to recognise things.
For an unfortunate few, though, déjà vu is a constant companion, and a serious blight on their lives. Dr
Chris Moulin is a psychologist who is studying this strange disorder. He first came across it when he was
working in a memory clinic: ‘We had a peculiar referral from a man who said there was no point visiting the
clinic because he’d already been there, although this would have been impossible. Déjà vu had developed to
such an extent that he had stopped watching TV because it seemed to be a repeat. He even believed he could
hear the same bird singing the same song in the same tree every time he went out.
Apart from the sheer tedium of chronic déjà vu, the condition can also get people into social difficulties.
‘Some patients feel that everyone they meet is familiar, and this makes them dangerously trusting of
strangers,’ says Moulin. ‘If they don’t constantly remind themselves that the sensation is false, they are at risk
of being exploited.’ So next time you find yourself ‘re-living’ an experience, don’t struggle to recall the
previous time. Just sit back and relax. And make sure that you don't sign on the dotted line until the moment
has passed.
Question 19: What point does the writer make about déjà vu in the first paragraph?
A. Some evidence of a non-scientific cause cannot be disproved.
B. The experience is more common than scientists are prepared to admit.
C. Scientists tend to disbelieve people who claim to have had the experience.
D. Many previous attempts to explain it were based on unscientific beliefs.
Question 20: Why does the writer mention manufacturing a car?
A. to emphasise the role of other people in the experiences we have
B. to suggest that many of the experiences people have are similar
C. to show that different experiences tend to consist of the same components
D. to indicate that our experiences are more complex than we realise
Question 21: According to the third paragraph, déjà vu seems to be caused by
A. emotions that are normally linked with different experiences becoming confused.
B. a feeling of recognition mistakenly being linked with a new experience.
C. the brain failing to distinguish between different emotional responses.
D. an experience arousing an emotion which is linked with similar previous experiences.
Question 22: According to the fourth paragraph, déjà vu is probably caused by
A. a person’s lack of patience.
B. a useful attribute of some people’s brains.
C. the level of education that a person achieves.
D. the environment in which some people are brought up.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on the answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions. (1.5 pts)
Question 25: They said they were sending along at once, so they should be here _____ minute now.
A. the B. some C. any D. a
Question 26: We need to look at this issue from a different _____ in order to understand it better.
A. perspective B. scenery C. vision D. sight
Question 27: The doctor _____ his patient that the operation would be a complete success.
A. assured B. contrived C. censured D. insured
Question 28: The sales team _____ a very successful time at the exhibition.
A. made B. passed C. spent D. had
Question 29: The youth unemployment rate here is high and there are not _____ opportunities.
A. too many B. several C. only a few D. that many
Question 30: He was asked to speak at the meeting but politely _____.
A. declined B. defused C. deferred D. debated
Question 31: Parents looking for advice on what to do to help with their child's education will be told that the
most important thing is to spend _____ time talking to their children.
A. quantity B. quality C. regular D. real
Question 32: In his report the peacekeeper _____ to a number of recent events which
A. implied B. alluded C. suggested D. insinuated
Question 33: Excuse me. Can I use your phone? It's necessary _____ my parents at once.
A. that I should contact B. me to contact C. I contacted D. for my contacting
Question 34: They're waiting to hear what the answer is and it _____ soon
A. would come B. would have come C. should come D. should have come
Question 35: Only if proof of payment is _____ will your request to register for the exam be considered.
A. omitted B. enclosed C. detached D. enveloped
Question 36: If you can't stand _____ yourself write, then don't.
A. having made B. having to make C. to have made D. to make
Question 37: Please _____ a copy of this payment slip for your files as you’ll need it later.
A. retain B. refrain C. disdain D. contain
Question 38: The lecturer _____ the class’s attention to an error in the calculations.
A. showed B. put C. attracted D. drew
Question 39: Tribal differences in the country have created an _____ cycle of violence for years.
A. interminable B. intermittent C. endless D. effortless
Question 40: Hats, caps and headgear of various kinds are useful because they are _____ to use quickly and
without fuss.
A. enough easy B. too easy C. as easy as D. so easy
Question 41: The _____ of living will rise, inflation will hover around the 4 per cent mark for much of the
next two years.
A. expenditure B. expense C. cost D. price
Question 42: He hadn't expected the red _____ to be unrolled for him, but he had thought that at last he
would be at work, setting up his meetings, on the move.
A. carpet B. flags C. flowers D. doormat
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Question 43: It is of _____ importance that we resolve this issue as soon as possible.
A. paramount B. extended C. magnificent D. limitless
Question 44: It makes no _____ to him financially whether he moves a hundred weight of supplies in an hour
or five hundred weight.
A. possibilities B. peculiarities C. odds D. difficulties
Question 45: At the moment, the country has a number of _____ economic problems.
A. difficult B. tricky C. serious D. hard
Question 46: Sammy _____ his father to buy him a new mountain bike for Christmas.
A. consumed B. demanded C. persisted D. implored
Question 47: It was over and _____ with and nothing could ever change it.
A. put B. said C. done D. made
Question 48: There was a time when the _____ person could not afford a mobile phone.
A. ordinary B. regular C. usual D. normal
Question 49: I'm shocked to hear you say that! I'm disappointed _____ you! I'm really shocked!
A. about B. of C. in D. for
Question 50: According to the terms of contract, payment should be _____ to you in full.
A. permitted B. remitted C. admitted D. submitted
Question 51: Hurricanes Katrina and Rita _____ havoc in Louisiana and caused major property damage.
A. tweaked B. sneaked C. peaked D. wreaked
Question 52: _____ were the directions that we got lost on the way here.
A. Such a confusion B. So confusing C. Such confusing D. So confused
Question 53: Director James B. Comey confirmed for the first time Monday that the FBI is investigating
possible collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian authorities during the 2016 election _____.
A. progress B. contest C. competition D. campaign
Question 54: Paul Lissek, the German coach, said, “We wouldn’t have won the gold medals in the Barcelona
Olympics _____ our involvement in indoor hockey.”
A. if it had been for B. were it for C. had it not been for D. if it were not for
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 55 to 62. (0.4 pt)
A WEARABLE BOOK
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have created a ‘wearable’ book which allows the
reader to experience the main character’s emotions.
Using a combination of sensors, the book senses which page the reader is on and (55)_____ vibration
patterns through a special vest. The vest (56)_____ a personal heating device to change skin temperature and a
compression system to (57)_____ tightness or loosening through airbags. The book itself has 150 LEDs to
create ambient light which changes depending on the (58)_____ and mood of different sections of the book.
The researchers used a science-fiction novella, The Girl Who Was Plugged In by James Tiptree Jr, as their
prototype story for (59)_____ the wearable book. They (60)_____it because it ‘showcases’ an incredible
(61)_____ of locations and emotions. The main protagonist experiences both deep love and ultimate despair,
the freedom of Barcelona sunshine and the captivity of a dark, damp cellar. Volunteers who have tried the vest
have (62)_____ the experience as ‘remarkable’.
Question 55: A. provokes B. triggers C. originates D. impels
Question 56: A. involves B. contains C. consists D. occupies
Question 57: A. realise B. construct C. pass D. convey
Question 58: A. position B. setting C. environment D. part
Question 59: A. affecting B. developing C. enabling D. imagining
Question 60: A. took B. got C. picked D. kept
Question 61: A. range B. size C. scale D. amount
Question 62: A. explained B. called C. described D. commented
Open Cloze: Complete the text. Use only one word for each gap. (2 pts)
Western civilisation’s own wild carnivore
As human housing sprawls across what was only (relatively) recently forest and farmland,
foxes discover city life, and come in from the cold
At the last official estimation by the United Nations Population Fund in 2011, the human population was
thought to exceed seven billion. Over 50 per cent of humans are urbanite – dwelling in cities or towns built by
humans for humans, meaning that a large (79)_____ of our planet is urbanised – transformed to suit our needs,
not (80)_____ of wildlife. Even the wildest-looking parks and gardens found inside human habitats are very
(81)_____ from naturally-occurring rough grass and woodland that was traditionally the home of the
ubiquitous red fox.
If (82)_____, the fox’s legendary instinct for outwitting people is becoming far more fact than fiction in
the current day and age. While we’ve invited their close cousins, dogs, to share our homes and conveniences,
foxes have taken it upon (83)_____ to join us, cunningly making use of our waste, learning to (84)_____ in
the shadows and mapping our sleeping cities as new frontiers to adapt to and occupy.
Rarely seen during the day, red foxes and their cousins, the supposedly more primitive grey foxes,
generally patrol gardens and alleyways in the (85)_____ of night. Their excellent hearing and sharp (86)_____
of smell mean that a fleet-footed retreat happens long before any humans arrive on the scene. Most fox
activity is noticed via unsecured bin-contents, scattered by marauding scavengers, pungent scent markings and
dug-out entry points under garden fences. Posing little to no threat (87)_____ domestic animals like cats, it’s
likely that they (88)_____ less welcome urban invaders such as rats and mice well in check. Just another
attractive prospect for foxes that are looking to leave the countryside for an inviting life within the concrete
jungle.
Distinguished desert-dwellers
Making a living in an evaporative environment is notoriously tough.
Despite this, all of the major hot deserts sustain species of fox.
Animals adapted to the lack of water and fluctuating extremes of temperature that define desert regions,
are collectively (89)_____ as xerocoles. The zoologist Joel Asaph Allen developed a theory – now (90)_____
accepted as a biological rule – as long (91)_____ as 1877, that stated the body shape and proportions of
mammals and birds vary (92)_____ to the temperature of the habitat they live in.
Several species of (93)_____ foxes (the genus Vulpes) as well as closely related Zorros or false foxes
(genus Lycalopex) show Allen’s (94)_____ in action very well. For instance, in the Arabian and Syrian
(95)_____, you can actually find red foxes, but over a relatively short time (100 years) the individuals who
pushed into deep-desert have developed the large ears and reduced body-size of more anciently adapted
relatives also (96)_____ in the area; true desert specialists such as Rüppell’s (sand) fox and Blanford’s fox.
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Across the Arabian Peninsula and African continent, including the Sahara, you’ll find the (97)_____’s
smallest species of fox. The tiny fennec fox is a true desert animal; so much so that it is the only Saharan
carnivore that can survive in this environment (98)_____ the need to drink any water at all.
Sentence transformation: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between THREE and EIGHT words,
including the word given. (2 pts)
99. They really loved him, but he seemingly failed to do as expected. SEEMED
Much _____________________________________ them down.
100. Although they were small, such payments were certainly thought worth collecting. HAVE
However ____________________________________________ thought worth collecting.
101. She was so disappointed that all life seemed to drain from her. GREAT
So ____________________________ all life seemed to drain from her.
102. Football is so important to Scotland that disappointment is inevitable. ATTACHES
Such ____________________________________ football that disappointment is inevitable.
103. George and Elizabeth were just going to bed when they heard a knock on the door. POINT
George and Elizabeth heard a knock on the door ________________________ to bed.
104. If you want to be nice and understanding in a conflict you will need to try much harder. EFFORT
Being nice and understanding in a conflict ____________________________________ your part.
105. Police and other emergency responders were obliged to break the door down to get into the residence. FORCE
Police and other emergency responders _________________________________________ the residence.
106. Your ability to make decisions quickly and adapt makes you a survivor. FEET
It ________________________________ and adapt that makes you a survivor.
107. British writers and artists had a lot of problems in the period mainly because there was no funding. BURDEN
It was ___________________________________ for British writers and artists in this period.
108. He did not look further back, so he didn’t see the referee waving play on. HAVE
Had ___________________________________ the referee waving play on.
Error Identification and Correction: Identify the five mistakes in the following passage and correct them.
(0.5 pt)
Line Ourselves and our friends
1 Most of us have friends as close as family, who, at a pinch, we’d call at 3 am for consolation or
2 congratulations because we know they won't resent us. They’re almost part of us, and we regale them
3 confidently in our troubles and triumphs. But while I love these Pour Your Heart Out friends, I also need
4 the energy of my Let’s Party friends. These friends care about a different level – less intense, less deep –
5 but they still care.
6 And such friendships are important. ‘With some friends, you want to be playable rather than deeply
7 disclosing,' says psychotherapist Susie Orbach. 'There's not just a relief to them that you won't give
8 chapter and verse, it’s a relief to you. It's healthy to have lots of different friends at different levels of
9 intimacy because not only it is impossible to be close to everyone, it’s also undesirable. You need the full
10 spectrum This is the only way you can experiment with different parts of yourself.’