Topic 1 : Behavioral Pattern Of Human In relation to the Circulation of Parks

Author Title Summary Remarks

Yaqiong Jiang Air quality, human behavior and urban park visit: A case study in
(2019) Beijing

Parks provide critical ecosystem services to urban residents. Many

of these services can only be realized when people visit parks.
Particulate matter exposure poses negative health impacts and
may turn the health benefits brought by park visits into health
risks. This tradeoff relationship is heavily moderated by how
individuals behave under varying ambient air quality conditions.
While there is a growing evidence base regarding the benefits
brought by urban parks, little is known about how people adjust
their park visitation to air pollution. Here we use two approaches
to understand if air quality affects urban park visits in Beijing: a
stated preference survey on social media and a year-long face to-
face survey in a neighborhood park. Quantile regression and
ANOVA analysis were used. We found particulate pollution has a
negative impact on the maximum number of visits a park may
receive. A significant drop occurred when the pollution level
changed from moderate to heavy pollution. Therefore, the
ecosystem services provided by parks are not fully realized due to
the reduced number of visits caused by air pollution. Second,
regardless of how poor air quality is, a proportion of people (41-
64%) put themselves at exposure risk to enjoy the benefits
brought by parks. Third, the inconsistency between behavior and
intention
signals people are less protected from the potential adverse
health impacts of poor air quality than they think. Future study
should look into what factors may cause the divergence between
people's intentions and behaviors. Understandings on this issue
will contribute to design better guidance and incentives to reduce
the adverse health cost of air pollution exposure from park
visitation.
Fangzheng Deciphering the recreational use of urban parks: Experiments
Li(2019) using multi-source big data for all Chinese cities

China’s rapid urbanization process has accentuated the disparity

between the demand for and supply of
its park recreational services. Estimations of park use and an
understanding of the factors that influence it
are critical for increasing these services. However, the data
traditionally used to quantify park use are
often subjective as well as costly and laborious to procure. This
paper assessed the use of parks through
an analysis of check-in data obtained from the Weibo social media
platform for 13,759 parks located in all
 287 cities at prefecture level and above across China. We
investigated how park attributes, accessibility,
and the socioeconomic environment affected the number and
density of park check-ins. We used multi
ple
linear regression models to analyze the factors influencing check-
ins for park visits. The results
showed that in all the cities, the influence of external factors on
the number and density of check-in visits,
notably the densities of points of interest (POIs) and bus stops
around the parks was significantly positive,
with the density of POIs being the most influential factor.
Conversely, park attributes, which included the
park service area and the landscape shape index (LSI), negatively
influenced park use. The density of POIs
and bus stops located around the park positively influenced the
density of the recreational use of urban
parks in cities within all administrative tiers, whereas the impact
of park service areas was negative in all
of them. Finally, the factors with the greatest influence varied
according to the administrative tiers of the
cities. These findings provide valuable inputs for increasing the
efficiency of park use and improving
recreational services according to the characteristics of different
cities.
Denga Empirical study of landscape types, landscape elements and
Li( 2019) landscape components of the urban
park promoting physiological and psychological restoration

Urban Parks have been found to benefit human health and well
being. Many Studies have addressed the relationship between
spatial characteristics and health restoration, but little
research has systematically focused on specific landscape
components. In this study, the effects of
three landscape types, six landscape elements and various
landscape components of a traditional
urban park on psychophysiological activities were investigated
using physiological (blood
pressure, blood glucose and electroencephalography) and
psychological indicators (the
abbreviated Profile of Mood States and the Landscape Perceived
Restorativeness Scale). The
results indicated that: (1) Different landscape types led to
different physiological responses and
mood states; (2) The topography landscape with natural mountain
forest appearance had the most
restorative effect; (3) Landscape elements of water, topography
and plants had significant positive
 effects on human perceived restorativeness; (4) Bamboo forest,
poetry walls and decorative
openwork windows, were ranked as the top three landscape
components in terms of perceived restorativeness. These findings
suggest that single-item landscape composition can be applied to
evaluate perceived restorativeness, and the restorative potential
of the area can be reinforced by
suitable selection and configuration of landscape types, landscape
elements and landscape
components in future landscape design. An active intervention
approach to the targeted
improvement of restorative efficiency in existing urban parks can
provide a feasible solution for
satisfying the health recovery needs of growing populations.
Park characteristics, use, and physical activity: A review of studies
using SOPARC (System for Observing Play and Recreation in
Communities)

The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities

(SOPARC) can obtain information on park users and their physical
activity using momentary time sampling. We conducted a
literature review of studies using the SOPARC tool to describe the
observational methods of each study, and to extract public park
use overall and by demographics and physical activity levels. We
searched PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus for fulllength
observational studies published in English in peer-reviewed
journals through 2014. Twenty-four studies from 34 articles were
included. The number of parks observed per study ranged from 3
to 50. Most studies observed parks during one season. The
number of days parks were observed ranged from 1 to 16, with 16
studies observing 5 ormore days.All studies included at least
oneweekday and all but twoincluded at least oneweekend
day. Parks were observed from 1 to 14 times/day, with most
studies observing at least 4 times/day. All studies included both
morning and afternoon observations, with one exception. There
was a wide range of park users (mean 1.0 to 152.6
people/park/observation period), with typically more males than
females visiting parks and older adults less than other age groups.
Park user physical activity levels varied greatly across studies, with
youths generally more active than adults and younger children
more active than adolescents. SOPARC was adapted to numerous
settings and these reviewresults can be used to improve future
studies using the tool, demonstrate ways to compare park data,
and inform park promotions and programming.
Miles Saitta Park-based physical activity interventions for persons with
(2019) disabilities: A mixed-methods systematic review
Park-based physical activity (PA) interventions improve health in
the general population,
 but it is unknown if the evidence can be translated to persons
with disabilities. To conduct a mixed-methods systematic
synthesis of the evidence for park-based physical
activity interventions for persons with disabilities and secondarily,
to consider the health benefits across
the lifespan (children and adolescents, young, middle, and older
adults). Health benefits from park use in persons with disabilities
were identified. Parks may providean alternative environment for
rehabilitation and management of disabilities. Further
randomized controlled trials evaluating the long-term
effectiveness of park-based interventions is necessary to
corroborate our findings. Legislative commitment ensuring urban
parks are accessible may mitigate some health disparities in
persons with disabilities.
Topic 2 : Environmental factor affecting Post Traumatic Stress Disorder of Military Veterans

Casey L.Straud
(2019) Examining military population and trauma type as moderators of
treatment outcome for first-line psychotherapies for PTSD: A meta-
analysis

There is conflicting evidence as to whether military populations (i.e.,

veteran and active-duty military service members) demonstrate a
poorer response to psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) compared to civilians. Existing research may be complicated by
the fact that treatment outcomes differences could be due to the type
of trauma exposure (e.g., combat) or population differences (e.g.,
military culture). This meta-analysis evaluated PTSD treatment
outcomes as a function of trauma type (combat v. assault v. mixed) and
population (military v. civilian). Unlike previous meta-analyses, we
focused exclusively on manualized, first-line psychotherapies for PTSD
as defined by expert treatment guidelines. Treatment outcomes were
large across trauma types and population; yet differences were
observed between trauma and population subgroups. Military
populations demonstrated poorer treatment outcomes compared to
civilians. The combat and assault trauma subgroups had worse
treatment outcomes compared to the mixed trauma subgroup, but
differences were not observed between assault and combat subgroups.
Higher attrition rates predicted poorer treatment outcomes, but did
not vary between military populations and civilians. Overall,
manualized, first-line psychotherapies for PTSD should continue to be
used for civilians and military populations with various trauma types.
However, greater emphasis should be placed on enhancing PTSD
psychotherapies for military populations and on treatment retention
across populations based on findings from this meta-analysis.
BrandonNichte Risk and protective factors associated with comorbid PTSD and
r depression in U.S. military veterans: Results from the National
Health and Resilience in Veterans Study
Converging evidence suggests that veterans with co-occurring
PTSD/MDD represent a high-risk group for poor mental health
 compared to those with PTSD alone. To date, however, little is
known about the specific factors that may increase vulnerability
for and help buffer risk for comorbid PTSD/MDD. The purpose of
this study was to provide a population-based characterization of
sociodemographic, risk, and protective variables associated with
comorbid PTSD/MDD among U.S. military veterans. Data were
analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans
Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. military veterans
(n = 2,732). Analyses compared veterans with PTSD alone and
co-occurring PTSD/MDD on sociodemographic, military, and
psychosocial characteristics; and examined variables
independently associated with PTSD/MDD status. Multivariable
logistic regression analyses revealed that racial/ethnic minority
status (odds ratio [OR] = 12.5), number of lifetime traumas
(OR = 1.3), and time spent engaged in private religious/spiritual
activities (OR = 1.8) were associated with PTSD/MDD status,
while higher scores on measures of community integration
(OR = 0.6) and dispositional optimism (OR = 0.7) were negatively
associated with comorbid PTSD/MDD status. Relative
importance analyses revealed that dispositional optimism (34%)
and community integration (24%) explained the largest
proportions of variance in PTSD/MDD comorbidity. Taken
together, results of this study suggest that racial/ethnic minority
status, greater lifetime trauma burden, and engagement in
private religious/spiritual activities are key distinguishing
characteristics of U.S. military veterans with comorbid
PTSD/MDD vs. PTSD alone. They further underscore the need to
study whether targeting dispositional optimism and community
integration in prevention and treatment efforts may enhance
clinical outcomes in this population
Kristin Identifying clusters of health symptoms in deployed military
Graham(2019) personnel and their relationship with probable PTSD
Among military personnel posttraumatic stress disorder is strongly
associated with non-specific health symptoms and can have poor
treatment outcomes. This study aimed to use machine learning to
identify and describe clusters of self-report health symptoms and
examine their association with probable PTSD, other psychopathology,
traumatic deployment exposures, and demographic factors.
These findings highlights that health symptoms are not rare in military
veterans, and that PTSD is strongly associated with health symptoms.
Results suggest that there may be subtypes of PTSD, differentiated by
health symptoms.
Kristen Weekly Changes in Blame and PTSD Among Active Duty Military
Dillon(2019) Personnel Receiving Cognitive Processing Therapy
Both negative posttraumatic cognitions and posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) symptoms decrease over the course of cognitive
behavior therapy for PTSD; however, further research is needed
to determine whether cognitive change precedes and predicts
 symptom change. The present study examined whether weekly
changes in blame predicted subsequent changes in PTSD
symptoms over the course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT).
Participants consisted of 321 active-duty U.S. Army soldiers with
PTSD who received CPT in one of two clinical trials. Symptoms of
PTSD and blame were assessed at baseline and weekly
throughout treatment. Bivariate latent difference score
modeling was used to examine temporal sequential
dependencies between the constructs. Results indicated that
changes in self-blame and PTSD symptoms were dynamically
linked: When examining cross-construct predictors, changes in
PTSD symptoms were predicted by prior changes in self-blame,
but changes in self-blame were also predicted by both prior
levels of and prior changes in PTSD. Changes in other-blame
were predicted by prior levels of PTSD, but changes in other-
blame did not predict changes in PTSD symptoms. Findings
highlight the dynamic relationship between self-blame and PTSD
symptoms during treatment in this active military sample.

Janeese The influence of deployment stress and life stress on Post-

Brownlow Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis among military
(2018) personnel
There is increasing recognition that traumatic
stress encountered throughout life, including those prior to
military service, can put individuals at increased risk for
developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The purpose of
this study was to examine the association of both traumatic
stress encountered during deployment, and traumatic stress
over one's lifetime on probable PTSD diagnosis. Probable PTSD
diagnosis was compared between military personnel deployed in
Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom
(OIF/OEF; N = 21,499) and those who have recently enlisted
(N = 55,814), using data obtained from the Army Study to Assess
Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Probable
PTSD diagnosis was assessed using the PTSD Checklist. The effect
of exposure to multiple types (i.e. diversity) of traumatic stress
and the total quantity (i.e. cumulative) of traumatic stress on
probable PTSD diagnosis was also compared. Military personnel
who had been deployed experienced higher rates of PTSD
symptoms than new soldiers. Diversity of lifetime traumatic
stress predicted probable PTSD diagnosis in both groups,
whereas cumulative lifetime traumatic stress only predicted
probable PTSD for those who had been deployed. For deployed
soldiers, having been exposed to various types of traumatic
stress during deployment predicted probable PTSD diagnosis,
but cumulative deployment-related traumatic stress did not.
 Similarly, the total quantity of traumatic stress (i.e. cumulative
lifetime traumatic stress) did not predict probable PTSD
diagnosis among new soldiers. Together, traumatic stress over
one's lifetime is a predictor of probable PTSD for veterans, as
much as traumatic stress encountered during war. Clinicians
treating military personnel with PTSD should be aware of the
impact of traumatic stress beyond what occurs during war.
Topic 3: Role of Gaming and Film Industry in developing cognitive analysis in the Philippines