10-2 Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  

150

Find the value of x. and  are diameters of 

CCSS PRECISION
. Identify each arc as a major arc, minor arc,
or semicircle. Then find its measure.

1. 
SOLUTION:  
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no interior points in common is 360.

3. 

  SOLUTION:  

ANSWER:   Here,  is the longest arc connecting the points I

170 and J on  Therefore, it is a major arc.
is a major arc that shares the same endpoints
as minor arc IJ.

 
2.   
 
SOLUTION:  
 
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no interior points in common is 360. ANSWER:  
major arc; 270

4. 
  

ANSWER:   SOLUTION:  
150 Here,  is the shortest arc connecting the points I
and H on  Therefore, it is a minor arc.
CCSS PRECISION
and  are diameters of 
. Identify each arc as a major arc, minor arc,
 
or semicircle. Then find its measure.
 
ANSWER:  
minor arc; 59

5. 

SOLUTION:  
3.  Here,  is a diameter. Therefore,   is a 
semicircle.
SOLUTION:   The measure of a semicircle is 180, so
Here,  is the longest arc connecting the points I  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
and J on  Therefore, it is a major arc. ANSWER:  
is a major arc that shares the same endpoints semicircle; 180
   The measure of a semicircle is 180, so
   

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
minor arc; 59 semicircle; 180

5.  6. RESTAURANTS The graph shows the results of a

survey taken by diners relating what is most
SOLUTION:   important about the restaurants where they eat.
Here,  is a diameter. Therefore,   is a 
semicircle.
The measure of a semicircle is 180, so
 

ANSWER:  
semicircle; 180

6. RESTAURANTS The graph shows the results of a

survey taken by diners relating what is most
important about the restaurants where they eat. a. Find .
b. Find .
c. Describe the type of arc that the category Great
Food represents.
SOLUTION:  
a. Here,  is a minor arc.
The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
the central angle. Find the 22% of 360 to find the
central angle.
a. Find .
b. Find .  
c. Describe the type of arc that the category Great b. Here,  is a minor arc.
Food represents. The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
the central angle. Find the 8% of 360 to find the
SOLUTION:   central angle.
a. Here,  is a minor arc.
The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
the central angle. Find the 22% of 360 to find the  
central angle. c. The arc that represents the category Great Food
, is the longest arc connecting the points C and
D. Therefore, it is a major arc.
 
b. Here,  is a minor arc. ANSWER:  
The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of a. 79.2
the central angle. Find the 8% of 360 to find the b. 28.8
central angle. c. major arc

is a diameter of . Find each measure.

 
c. The arc that represents the category Great Food
, is the longest arc connecting the points C and
D. Therefore, it is a major arc.

ANSWER:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
a. 79.2
b. 28.8 7. 
c. major arc
  
ANSWER:    
a. 79.2
10-2b.Measuring
28.8 Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
c. major arc 123

is a diameter of . Find each measure. Find the length of  . Round to the nearest 

hundredth.

10. 
7.  SOLUTION:  
Use the arc length equation with r = KC or 2  and x
SOLUTION:  
=   or 30.
 and   are adjacent arcs. The measure of an
arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of the
measures of the two arcs. 

Therefore, the length of  is about 1.05 feet.

ANSWER:  
 
147
 

8.  ANSWER:  
1.05 ft
SOLUTION:  
 and   are adjacent arcs. The measure of
an arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of the
measures of the two arcs. Since  is a diameter, 
arc QRS is a semicircle and has a measure of 180. 
11. 
  SOLUTION:  
The diameter of is 15 centimeters, so the radius
ANSWER:  
255 is 7.5 centimeters. The m = m∠KCJ or 105.
Use the equation to find the arc length.
9. 

SOLUTION:  
If a set of adjacent arcs form a circle, then the sum
of their measures is equal to 360. Since ∠RVS is a Therefore, the length of is about 13.74
right angle, m∠RVS = 90.
centimeters.
 
  ANSWER:  
  13.74 cm
 
Find the value of x.
ANSWER:  
123

FindManual
eSolutions the length ofby Cognero
- Powered  . Round to the nearest  Page 3
hundredth.
12. 
 centimeters.
 

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
13.74 cm 225
Find the value of x.

14. 
12. 
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:   The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a circle with no interior points in common is 360. 
circle with no interior points in common is 360.

 
 
  ANSWER:  
35
ANSWER:  
80

15. 
SOLUTION:  
13.  The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
SOLUTION:   circle with no interior points in common is 360. 
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no interior points in common is 360. 

 
 
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
40
225
and are diameters of . Identify each
arc as a major arc, minor arc, or semicircle.
Then find its measure.

14. 
SOLUTION:  
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no interior points in common is 360. 

16. 
  SOLUTION:  

ANSWER:   Here,  is the shortest arc connecting the points C

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
35 and D on  Therefore, it is a minor arc. Page 4
   Here,  is a diameter. Therefore, arc CFG is a 
  semicircle and m(arc CFG) = 180.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
40 semicircle; 180

and are diameters of . Identify each 19. 

arc as a major arc, minor arc, or semicircle.
SOLUTION:  
Then find its measure.
Here,  is the longest arc connecting the points 
C and D on  Therefore, it is a major arc.
Arc CGD is a major arc that shares the same
endpoints as minor arc CD.

Therefore, the measure of arc CGD is 305.

 
16. 
SOLUTION:   ANSWER:  
major arc; 305
Here,  is the shortest arc connecting the points C
and D on  Therefore, it is a minor arc.
20. 
SOLUTION:  
 
Here,  is the longest arc connecting the points 
ANSWER:   G and F on  Therefore, it is a major arc.
minor arc; 55 Arc GCF shares the same endpoints as minor arc
GF.

17. 
SOLUTION:   Therefore, the measure of arc GCF is 325.
Here,  is the shortest arc connecting the points A ANSWER:  
and C on  Therefore, it is a minor arc. major arc; 325
 
Since  is a diameter, arc ACD is a semicircle 21. 
and has a measure of 180. Use angle addition to find SOLUTION:  
the measure of arc AC.
Here,  is a diameter. Therefore,   is a 
semicircle.
Therefore, the measure of arc AC is 125. The measure of a semicircle is 180, so m(arc ACD)
= 180.
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
minor arc; 125
semicircle; 180
18. m(arc CFG)
22. 
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
Here,  is a diameter. Therefore, arc CFG is a 
semicircle and m(arc CFG) = 180. Here,  is the shortest arc connecting the points A
and G on  Therefore, it is a minor arc.
ANSWER:  
semicircle; 180 The measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure
of its related central angle.
19. 

SOLUTION:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5
Therefore, the measure of arc AG is 55.
Here,  is the longest arc connecting the points 
C and D on  Therefore, it is a major arc.
 The measure of a semicircle is 180, so m(arc ACD)
= 180. Therefore, the measure of arc ACF is 270.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
semicircle; 180 major arc; 270

22.  24. SHOPPING The graph shows the results of a

survey in which teens were asked where the best
SOLUTION:   place was to shop for clothes.
Here,  is the shortest arc connecting the points A a. What would be the arc measures associated with
the mall and vintage stores categories?
and G on  Therefore, it is a minor arc.
b. Describe the kinds of arcs associated with the
The measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure category “Mall”and category “None of these”.
of its related central angle. c. Are there any congruent arcs in this graph?
Explain.

Therefore, the measure of arc AG is 55.

ANSWER:  
minor arc; 55

23. 

SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
a. The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
Here,  is the longest arc connecting the points 
the central angle. The mall contributes 76% and the
A and F on  Therefore, it is a major arc. 
vintage stores contribute 4% of the total shopping.
Major arc ACF shares the same endpoints as minor Find the 76% of 360 to find the central angle of the
arc AF, so m(arc ACF) = 360 - m(arc AF). arc associated with the malls.
Since ∠ABG and ∠CBD are vertical angles,
m∠ABG = m∠CBD or 55.
Find the 4% of 360 to find the central angle of the
arc associated with the vintage stores.

Therefore, the measure of arc ACF is 270.

ANSWER:   273.6. So, it is a major arc. The arc associated with
major arc; 270
24. SHOPPING The graph shows the results of a
survey in which teens were asked where the best
place was to shop for clothes.
a. What would be the arc measures associated with
the mall and vintage stores categories?
b. Describe the kinds of arcs associated with the
category “Mall”and category “None of these”.
c. Are there any congruent arcs in this graph?
Explain.
b. The arc associated with the mall has a measure of
none of these has a measure of 9% of 360 or 32.4.
So, it is a minor arc.
c. Yes; the arcs associated with the online and none
of these categories have the same arc measure since
each category accounts for the same percentage of
the circle, 9%.
ANSWER:  
a. 273.6, 14.4
b. major arc; minor arc
c. Yes; the arcs associated with the online and none
of these categories have the same arc measure since
each category accounts for the same percentage of
the circle, 9%.

25. CCSS MODELING The table shows the results of

a survey in which Americans were asked how long
food could be on the floor and still be safe to eat.
a. If you were to construct a circle graph of this
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero information, what would be the arc measures Page 6
SOLUTION:   associated with the first two categories?
a. The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of b. Describe the kind of arcs associated with the first
 b. major arc; minor arc ANSWER:  
c. Yes; the arcs associated with the online and none a. 280.8; 36
of these categories have the same arc measure since b. major arc; minor arc
10-2each
Measuring
categoryAngles and
accounts forArcs
the same percentage of c. No; no categories share the same percentage of
the circle, 9%. the circle.

25. CCSS MODELING The table shows the results of ENTERTAINMENT Use the Ferris wheel
a survey in which Americans were asked how long shown to find each measure.
food could be on the floor and still be safe to eat.
a. If you were to construct a circle graph of this
information, what would be the arc measures
associated with the first two categories?
b. Describe the kind of arcs associated with the first
category and the last category.
c. Are there any congruent arcs in this graph?
Explain.

26. 
SOLUTION:  
The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
the central angle. We have,
Therefore,

ANSWER:  
40
SOLUTION:  
a. The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
the central angle. The “not so safe” category 27. 
contributes 78% and the “three-second rule” 
contributes 10% in the supporters in the survey. Find SOLUTION:  
the 78% of 360 to find the central angle of the arc The measure of the arc is equal to the measure of
associated with the not so safe category. the central angle. We have,
Therefore,
Find the 10% of 360 to find the central angle of the ANSWER:  
arc associated with the three-second rule category.
60

b. The arc corresponding to not safe to eat category 28. 

measures 280.8, so it is a major arc. Similarly, the arc
SOLUTION:  
corresponding to the ten-second rule measures 4% of
360 or 14.4, so it is a minor arc. Here,  is a diameter. Therefore,   is a 
c. No; no categories share the same percentage of
semicircle and
the circle.
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
180
a. 280.8; 36
b. major arc; minor arc
29. 
c. No; no categories share the same percentage of
the circle. SOLUTION:  
Arc JFH is a major arc.
ENTERTAINMENT Use the Ferris wheel
shown to find each measure.

Therefore, the measure of arc JFH is 300.

ANSWER:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 300 Page 7

30. 
 Here,  is a diameter. Therefore,   is a 
semicircle and Therefore, the measure of arc HK is 100.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
180 100

29.  33. 
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Arc JFH is a major arc. The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs
is the sum of the measures of the two arcs. is a
diameter, so arc JF is a semicircle and has a
Therefore, the measure of arc JFH is 300. measure of 180.

ANSWER:  
300 Therefore, the measure of arc JKG is 220.

30.  ANSWER:  
220
SOLUTION:  
Arc GHF is a major arc. 34. 
SOLUTION:  
Therefore, the measure of arc GHF is 320. The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs
is the sum of the measures of the two arcs.  
ANSWER:    and    are diameters, so arc KG and arc FJ are
320 semicircles with measures of 180. Find m∠GLH and
then use the Arc Addition Postulate.
31. 
SOLUTION:  
 
Here,  is a diameter. Therefore,   is a 
semicircle and

ANSWER:    Therefore, the measure of arc KFH is 260.

 
180
ANSWER:  
32.  260
SOLUTION:  
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs 35. 
is the sum of the measures of the two arcs. First find SOLUTION:  
m∠JLK and then use the Arc Addition Postulate. The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs
is the sum of the measures of the two arcs. Use
semicircle FJ to find  m∠HLG and then use the Arc
Addition Postulate.
Therefore, the measure of arc HK is 100.

ANSWER:  
100  

33. 
Therefore, the measure of arc HGF is 120.
SOLUTION:  
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs ANSWER:  
is the sum of the measures of the two arcs. is a 120
diameter, so arc JF is a semicircle and has a
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Use to find the length of each arc. Round to8
Page
measure of 180.
the nearest hundredth.
  Therefore, the length of arc QT is about 8.80
Therefore, the measure of arc HGF is 120. centimeters.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
120 8.80 cm

Use to find the length of each arc. Round to 38.  ,if PS = 4 millimeters
the nearest hundredth.
SOLUTION:  
is a radius of and is a diameter. Use
the Arc Addition Postulate to find m(arc QR).

Use the arc length equation with r = 4 millimeters

and x = m(arc RQ) or 68.
36.  , if the radius is 2 inches
SOLUTION:  
Use the arc length equation with r = 2 inches and m
(arc RS) = m∠RPS or 130.
 Therefore, the length of arc QR is about 4.75
millimeters.

ANSWER:  
4.75 mm
 Therefore, the length of arc RS is about 4.54 inches.
39.  ,if RT = 15 inches
ANSWER:  
4.54 in. SOLUTION:  
is a diameter, so r = (15) or 7.5 inches. Use
37.  ,if the diameter is 9 centimeters the arc length equation with x = m(arc RS) or 130.

SOLUTION:  
Use the arc length equation with r = (9) or 4.5
centimeters and m(arc QT) = m∠QPT or 112.
Therefore, the length of arc RS is about 17.02 inches.

ANSWER:  
17.02 in.
 Therefore, the length of arc QT is about 8.80
40.  ,if RT = 11 feet
centimeters.
SOLUTION:  
ANSWER:  
Use the Arc Addition Postulate to find the m(arc
8.80 cm
QR). 
38.  ,if PS = 4 millimeters
SOLUTION:   Use the Arc Addition Postulate to find m(arc QRS).
is a radius of and is a diameter. Use
the Arc Addition Postulate to find m(arc QR).
Use the arc length equation with r = (RT) or 5.5
feet and x = m(arc QRS) or 198.
Use the arc length equation with r = 4 millimeters
and x = m(arc RQ) or 68.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Therefore, the length of arc QRS is about 19.01 Page
feet.9

 Therefore, the length of arc QR is about 4.75 ANSWER:  

millimeters. 19.01 ft
 Therefore, the length of arc RTS is about 12.04
Therefore, the length of arc RS is about 17.02 inches. meters.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
17.02 in. 12.04 m

40.  ,if RT = 11 feet HISTORY The figure shows the stars in the
Betsy Ross flag referenced at the beginning of
SOLUTION:   the lesson.
Use the Arc Addition Postulate to find the m(arc
QR). 

Use the Arc Addition Postulate to find m(arc QRS).

42. What is the measure of central angle A? Explain how

Use the arc length equation with r = (RT) or 5.5
feet and x = m(arc QRS) or 198.
Therefore, the length of arc QRS is about 19.01 feet.
you determined your answer.
SOLUTION:  
There are 13 stars arranged in a circular way
equidistant from each other. So, the measure of the
central angle of the arc joining any two consecutive
stars will be equal to

ANSWER:   ANSWER:  
19.01 ft stars between each star

41.  ,if PQ = 3 meters 43. If the diameter of the circle were doubled, what
would be the effect on the arc length from the center
SOLUTION:  
of one star B to the next star C?
Arc RTS is a major arc that shares the same
endpoints as minor arc RS. SOLUTION:  
The measure of the arc between any two stars is
about 27.7. Let be the arc length of the original
Use the arc length equation with r = PS or 3 meters circle and  be the arc length for the circle when 
and x = m(arc RTS) or 230. the diameter is doubled. Use the arc length equation
with a radius of r and x = 27.7 to find .

Therefore, the length of arc RTS is about 12.04

meters. Use the arc length equation with a radius of 2r and
ANSWER:   x = 27.7 to find .
12.04 m  

HISTORY The figure shows the stars in the

Betsy Ross flag referenced at the beginning of
the lesson.
The arc length for the second circle is twice the arc
length for the first circle.
Therefore,  if the diameter of the circle is doubled, 
the arc length from the center of star B to the center
of the next star C would double.

ANSWER:  
42. WhatManual
eSolutions is the- Powered
measurebyof central
Cognero angle A? Explain how Page 10
you determined your answer. The length of the arc would double.

SOLUTION:   44. FARMS The Pizza Farm in Madera, California, is a

 stars will be equal to the arc length from the center of star B to the center
of the next star C would double.
ANSWER:  
10-2 Measuring ANSWER:  
starsAngles and Arcseach star
between
The length of the arc would double.

43. If the diameter of the circle were doubled, what 44. FARMS The Pizza Farm in Madera, California, is a
would be the effect on the arc length from the center circle divided into eight equal slices, as shown at the
of one star B to the next star C? right. Each “slice” is used for growing or grazing
pizza ingredients.
SOLUTION:  
a. What is the total arc measure of the slices
The measure of the arc between any two stars is
containing olives, tomatoes, and peppers?
about 27.7. Let be the arc length of the original b. The circle is 125 feet in diameter. What is the arc
circle and  be the arc length for the circle when  length of one slice? Round to the nearest hundredth.
the diameter is doubled. Use the arc length equation
with a radius of r and x = 27.7 to find .

Use the arc length equation with a radius of 2r and

x = 27.7 to find .
 
  
SOLUTION:  
a. The circle is divided into eight equal slices. So, the
measure of the central angle of each slice will be
The arc length for the second circle is twice the arc
length for the first circle.  Therefore, total arc measure of the slices
Therefore,  if the diameter of the circle is doubled,  containing olives, tomatoes, and peppers will be 3(45)
the arc length from the center of star B to the center = 135.
of the next star C would double. b. The length of an arc l is given by the formula,
ANSWER:    where x is the central angle of the arc
The length of the arc would double.
l and r is the radius of the circle.
44. FARMS The Pizza Farm in Madera, California, is a The measure of the central angle of each slice will
circle divided into eight equal slices, as shown at the
be  So, x = 45 and r 62.5 ft. Then,
right. Each “slice” is used for growing or grazing
pizza ingredients.
a. What is the total arc measure of the slices
containing olives, tomatoes, and peppers?
ANSWER:  
b. The circle is 125 feet in diameter. What is the arc
length of one slice? Round to the nearest hundredth. a. 135
b. 49.09 ft

CCSS REASONING Find each measure. Round

each linear measure to the nearest hundredth
and each arc measure to the nearest degree.
45. circumference of

  
 
SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
a. The
eSolutions Manual - Powered
circle by Cognero
is divided into eight
equal slices. So, the Page 11
The circumference of circle S is given by . Use
measure of the central angle of each slice will be the arc length equation and solve for the value of
. 
 Therefore, the measure of arc CD is about 150o .
ANSWER:  
10-2a.Measuring
135 Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
b. 49.09 ft

CCSS REASONING Find each measure. Round 47. radius of

each linear measure to the nearest hundredth
and each arc measure to the nearest degree.
45. circumference of

 
  SOLUTION:  
The measure of major arc JL is 340 and its arc
SOLUTION:   length is 56.37 feet. Use the arc length equation to
The circumference of circle S is given by . Use solve for the radius of circle K.
the arc length equation and solve for the value of
. 

Therefore, the circumference of circle S is about Therefore, the radius of circle K is about 9.50 feet.
40.83 inches.
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:   9.50 ft
40.83 in.
ALGEBRA In , m∠ HCG = 2x and m∠ HCD
= 6x + 28. Find each measure.
46. 

48. 
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
The radius of circle B is 0.5 meters and the length of Here, ∠HCG and ∠HCD form a linear pair. So, the
arc CD is 1.31 meters. Use the arc length equation sum of their measures is 180.
and solve for x to find the measure of arc CD.

So, m∠HCG = 2(19) or 38 and m∠HCD = 6(19) +

28 or 142.
is a diameter of circle C, so arc HFE is a
Therefore, the measure of arc CD is about 150o . semicircle and has a measure of 180.

ANSWER:  
Therefore, the measure of arc EF is 52.

ANSWER:  
47. radius of 52

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 49.  Page 12

SOLUTION:  
Here, ∠HCG and ∠HCD form a linear pair. So, the
 Therefore, the measure of arc EF is 52.
Therefore, the measure of arc HGF is 128.
ANSWER:  
10-252
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
128

49.  51. RIDES A pirate ship ride follows a semi-circular

path, as shown in the diagram.
SOLUTION:  
a. What is ?
Here, ∠HCG and ∠HCD form a linear pair. So, the
b. If CD = 62 feet, what is the length of ? Round
sum of their measures is 180.
to the nearest hundredth.

So, m∠HCG = 2(19) or 38 and m∠HCD = 6(19) +

28 or 142.
The measure of an arc is equal to the measure of its
related central angle.
Therefore, m(arc HD) = m∠HCD or 142.
SOLUTION:  
ANSWER:  
a. From the figure,  is 22 + 22 = 44º less than the
142
semi circle centered at C. Therefore,
50. 
b. The length of an arc l is given by the formula,
SOLUTION:  
Here, ∠HCG and ∠HCD form a linear pair. So, the  where x is the central angle of the arc
sum of their measures is 180. l and r is the radius of the circle.
Here, x = 136 and r = 62. Use the formula.

So, m∠HCG = 2(19) or 38 and m∠HCD = 6(19) +

28 or 142.
Use the Arc Addition Postulate to find the measure ANSWER:  
of arc HGF. a. 136
b. 147.17 ft

Therefore, the measure of arc HGF is 128. 52. PROOF Write a two-column proof of Theorem
10.1.
ANSWER:   Given:
128
Prove:
51. RIDES A pirate ship ride follows a semi-circular
path, as shown in the diagram.
a. What is ?
b. If CD = 62 feet, what is the length of ? Round
to the nearest hundredth.
SOLUTION:  
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. (Given)
2.  (Definition of  )
3. ,  (Definition of 
arc measure)
SOLUTION:   4.  (Substitution)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13
a. From the figure,  is 22 + 22 = 44º less than the 5. (Definition of arcs)
semi circle centered at C. Therefore,
ANSWER:  
 a.
ANSWER:   b.
10-2a.Measuring
136 Angles and Arcs
c.
b. 147.17 ft
d. length of
52. PROOF Write a two-column proof of Theorem e . length of
10.1.
Given: SOLUTION:  
Prove: a. The measure of arc JL equals the measure of the
related central angle JML.  Construct a right triangle
by drawing and a perpendicular segment from
J to the x-axis. The legs of the right triangle will
have lengths of 5 and 12.
Use a trigonometric ratio to find the angle of the
triangle at M which equals the measure of central
SOLUTION:   angle JML.
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. (Given)
2.  (Definition of  )
3. ,  (Definition of 
Therefore,
arc measure)
b. The measure of arc KL equals the measure of the
4.  (Substitution) related central angle KML.  Construct a right 
5. (Definition of arcs) triangle by drawing and a perpendicular
segment from K to the x-axis. The legs of the right
ANSWER:  
triangle will have lengths of 12 and 5.
Proof: Use a trigonometric ratio to find the angle of the
Statements (Reasons) triangle at M which equals the measure of central
1. (Given) angle KML.
2.  (Definition of  )
3. ,  (Definition 
of arc measure)
4.  (Substitution)
5. (Definition of arcs) Therefore,
c. Use the Arc Addition Postulate to find m(arc
53. COORDINATE GEOMETRY In the graph, point
JK).
M is located at the origin. Find each measure in
. Round each linear measure to the nearest
hundredth and each arc measure to the nearest tenth
degree. So, the measure of arc JK is 44.8.
d. Use the right triangle from part a and find the
length of   which is a radius of circle M.

Use the arc length equation with r = 13 and x = m

(arc JL) or 67.4.
a.
b.
c.
d. length of Therefore, the length of arc JL is about 15.29 units.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14
e . length of  
e. Use the arc length equation with r = 13 and x = m
SOLUTION:  
(arc JK) or 44.8.
 gives the radian measure of an angle. Use it to find
(arc JL) or 67.4.
the radian measure of an angle measuring 90°.
 
10-2 Measuring Angles and Arcs
SOLUTION:  
a.  By definition, the measure of an arc is equal to
Therefore, the length of arc JL is about 15.29 units. the measure of its related central angle. So, m(arc
  ) = x and m(arc  ) = x. By the transitive property,
e. Use the arc length equation with r = 13 and x = m  m(arc ) = m(arc ). Using the arc length
(arc JK) or 44.8. equation, = and  =  .
Since , then < .
These comparisons suggest that arc measure is not
affected by the size of the circle, but arc length is
affected.
Therefore, the length of arc JK is about 10.16 units. b. Since all circles are similar, the larger circle is a 
dilation of the smaller by some factor k, so
ANSWER:  
or . Likewise, the arc intercepted
a. 67.4
b. 22.6 on the larger circle is a dilation of the arc
c. 44.8 intercepted on the smaller circle, so or
d. 15.29 units
. Then substitute for k. 
e. 10.16 units

54.  c.   = or  and  =

ARC LENGTH AND RADIAN MEASURE In or ; Therefore, for = kr,
this problem, you will use concentric circles to show .
that the length of the arc intercepted by a central
angle of a circle is dependent on the circle’s radius. d. For an angle measuring 90, x = 90. Then, k =
 or  .
a. Compare the measures of arc and arc .
Then compare the lengths of arc and arc . ANSWER:  
What do these two comparisons suggest? a. m(arc ) = m(arc ); < ; these
comparisons suggest that arc measure is not affected
b. Use similarity transformations (dilations) to by the size of the circle, but arc length is affected.
explain why the length of an arc intercepted by a
b. Since all circles are similar, the larger circle is a
central angle of a circle is proportional to the
dilation of the smaller by some factor k, so
circle’s radius r. That is, explain why we can say
or . Likewise, the arc intercepted on the
that for this diagram, .
larger circle is a dilation of the arc intercepted on the
smaller circle, so or . Thus
c. Write expressions for the lengths of arcs and
. Use these expressions to identify the constant  or   .
of proportionality k in = kr.
c.    and  ;
d. The expression that you wrote for k in part c
gives the radian measure of an angle. Use it to find
the radian measure of an angle measuring 90°.
d.
 
 
SOLUTION:  
a.  By definition, the measure of an arc is equal to 55. ERROR ANALYSIS Brody says that and
the measure of its related central angle. So, m(arc
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 15
 are congruent since their central angles have the 
) = x and m(arc  ) = x. By the transitive property, same measure. Selena says they are not congruent.
 m(arc ) = m(arc ). Using the arc length Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.
 . Therefore, the statement is never true.

ANSWER:  
10-2d.Measuring Angles and Arcs Never; obtuse angles intersect arcs between and
  .

55. ERROR ANALYSIS Brody says that and
 are congruent since their central angles have the 
same measure. Selena says they are not congruent.
Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.
58. The sum of the measures of adjacent arcs of a circle
depends on the measure of the radius.
SOLUTION:  
Postulate 10.1 says that the measure of an arc
formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of the
measures of the two arcs. The measure of each arc
would equal the measure of its related central angle.
The radius of the circle does not depend on the
radius of the circle. Therefore, the statement is
never true.

SOLUTION:   ANSWER:  
Brody has incorrectly applied Theorem 10.1. The Never; the sum of the measures of adjacent arcs
arcs are congruent if and only if their central angles depends on the measures of the arcs.
are congruent and the arcs and angles are in the
same circle or congruent circles. The circles 59. CHALLENGE The measures of  , , and
containing arc WX and arc YZ are not congruent are in the ratio 5:3:4. Find the measure of each
because they do not have congruent radii. The arcs arc.
will have the same degree measure but will have
different arc lengths. So, the arcs are not congruent.
Therefore, Selena is correct.

ANSWER:  
Selena; the circles are not congruent because they do
not have congruent radii. So, the arcs are not
congruent.
SOLUTION:  
CCSS ARGUMENTS  Determine whether each  If the measures of arc LM,arc MN ,and arc NL are
statement is sometimes, always, or never true. in the ratio 5:3:4, then their measures are a multiple,
Explain your reasoning. x, of these numbers. So, m(arc LM) = 5x, m(arc MN)
56. The measure of a minor arc is less than 180. = 3x, and m(arc MN) = 4x. The arcs are adjacent
and form the entire circle, so their sum is 360. 
SOLUTION:  
By definition, an arc that measures less than 180 is a
minor arc. Therefore, the statement is always true.

ANSWER:  
Therefore, m(arc LM) = 5(30) or 150, m(arc MN)
= 3(30) or 90, and m(arc NL) = 4(30) or 120.
Always; by definition, an arc that measures less than
180 is a minor arc. ANSWER:  

57. If a central angle is obtuse, its corresponding arc is a

major arc.  
 
SOLUTION:  
Obtuse angles intersect arcs between and . 60. OPEN ENDED Draw a circle and locate three
So, the corresponding arc will measure less than points on the circle. Estimate the measures of the
. Therefore, the statement is never true. three nonoverlapping arcs that are formed. Then use
a protractor to find the measure of each arc. Label
ANSWER:   your circle with the arc measures.
Never; obtuse angles intersect arcs between and SOLUTION:  
. Sample answer:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16
58. The sum of the measures of adjacent arcs of a circle
depends on the measure of the radius.
 ANSWER:  
10-2  Measuring Angles and Arcs
60. OPEN ENDED Draw a circle and locate three
points on the circle. Estimate the measures of the
three nonoverlapping arcs that are formed. Then use
a protractor to find the measure of each arc. Label
your circle with the arc measures.
SOLUTION:   and the hour hand at 8. At 8:10, the minute hand will
Sample answer:
ANSWER:   or 30.
Sample answer:
61. CHALLENGE The time shown on an analog clock
is 8:10. What is the measure of the angle formed by
the hands of the clock?
SOLUTION:  
At 8:00, the minute hand of the clock will point at 12
and the hour hand at 8. At 8:10, the minute hand will
point at 2 and the hour hand will have moved
of the way between 8 and 9.
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no interior points in common is 360. The
numbers on an analog clock divide it into 12 equal
arcs and the central angle related to each arc
between consecutive numbers has a measure of
or 30.
To find the measure of the angle formed by the
hands, find the sum of the angles each hand makes
withManual
eSolutions 12. - Powered by Cognero
 
61. CHALLENGE The time shown on an analog clock
is 8:10. What is the measure of the angle formed by
the hands of the clock?
SOLUTION:  
At 8:00, the minute hand of the clock will point at 12
point at 2 and the hour hand will have moved
of the way between 8 and 9.
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no interior points in common is 360. The
numbers on an analog clock divide it into 12 equal
arcs and the central angle related to each arc
between consecutive numbers has a measure of
To find the measure of the angle formed by the
hands, find the sum of the angles each hand makes
with 12.
At 8:10, the minute hand is at 2 which is two arcs of
30 from 12 or a measure of 60.
When the hour hand is on 8, the angle between the
hour hand and 12 is equal to four arcs of 30 or 120.
At 8:10, the hour hand has moved of the way
from 8 to 9. Since the arc between 8 and 9
measures 30, the angle between the hand and 8 is
(30) or 5. The angle between the hour hand and 12
is 120 - 5 or 115.
The sum of the measures of the angles between the
hands and 12 is 60 + 115 or 175.
Therefore, the measure of the angle formed by the
hands of the clock at 8:10 is 175.
 
ANSWER:  
175
62. WRITING IN MATH Describe the three different
types of arcs in a circle and the method for finding
the measure of each one. Page 17
SOLUTION:  
 hands of the clock at 8:10 is 175.
  Therefore, the correct choice is B.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
175 B

62. WRITING IN MATH Describe the three different 64. SHORT RESPONSE In ,  and 

types of arcs in a circle and the method for finding . What is the measure of ?
the measure of each one.
SOLUTION:  
Sample answer: Minor arc, major arc, semicircle; the
measure of a minor arc equals the measure of the
corresponding central angle. The measure of a major
arc equals 360 minus the measure of the minor arc
with the same endpoints. The measure of a
semicircle is 180 since it is an arc with endpoints that SOLUTION:  
lied on a diameter. Here, ∠LBM and ∠LBQ form a linear pair. So, the
sum of their measures is 180.
ANSWER:   3x + 4x + 61 = 180
Sample answer: Minor arc, major arc, semicircle; the 7x = 119
measure of a minor arc equals the measure of the x = 17
corresponding central angle. The measure of a major m∠PBQ = 3(17) or 51
arc equals 360 minus the measure of the minor arc Since∠LBM and ∠PBQ are vertical angles,
with the same endpoints. The measure of a m∠LBM = m∠PBQ.
semicircle is 180.
Therefore, the measure of ∠LBM is 51.
63. What is the value of x?
ANSWER:  
51

65. ALGEBRA A rectangle’s width is represented by x

and its length by y. Which expression best represents
the area of the rectangle if the length and width are
A 120 tripled?
B 135 F 3xy
2
C 145 G 3 (xy)
D 160 H 9xy
SOLUTION:   J (xy)3
The sum of the measures of the central angles of a SOLUTION:  
circle with no interior points in common is 360.  The formula for the area of a rectangle is .
The area of a rectangle with a length of y and a
width of x is A = xy. When the dimensions are
tripled, the length becomes 3y and width becomes 3x.
Therefore, the correct choice is B. The area of the new rectangle is given by A = (3x)
ANSWER:   (3y) or 9xy. 
Therefore, the correct choice is H.
B
ANSWER:  
64. SHORT RESPONSE In ,  and 
H
. What is the measure of ?
66. SAT/ACT What is the area of the shaded region if r
= 4?

SOLUTION:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero   Page 18
Here, ∠LBM and ∠LBQ form a linear pair. So, the A
sum of their measures is 180. B
 (3y) or 9xy.   
Therefore, the correct choice is H. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs ANSWER:  
H A

66. SAT/ACT What is the area of the shaded region if r Refer to .

= 4?

 
  67. Name the center of the circle.
A
B SOLUTION:  
C Since the circle is named circle J, it has a center at
D J. 
E ANSWER:  
SOLUTION:   J
A square with sides of 8 units can be drawn using
the centers of the four circles as vertices. The 68. Identify a chord that is also a diameter.
shaded area is the difference between the areas of
the square and the total of the areas of the four SOLUTION:  
quarter sections of the circles formed by the square. A diameter of a circle is a chord that passes through
the center and is made up of collinear radii.
 passes through the center, so it is a diameter.

ANSWER:  

Find the area of the square and the quarter section of 69. If LN = 12.4, what is JM?
the circles. SOLUTION:  
Here, JM is a radius and LN is a diameter. The
radius is half the diameter. Therefore,
 

ANSWER:  
              6.2
 
Subtract the area of the four quarter circle sections Graph the image of each polygon with the given
from the square to find the area of the shaded region. vertices after a dilation centered at the origin
with the given scale factor.
70. X(–1, 2), Y(2, 1), Z(–1, –2); r = 3
 
Therefore, the correct choice is A. SOLUTION:  
Multiply the x- and y-coordinates of each vertex by
ANSWER:   the scale factor k. That is, (x, y) → (k x, k y).
A Here multiply the x- and y-coordinates by the scale
factor 3.
Refer to . X(-1, 2) → X’(-3, 6)
Y(2, 1) → Y’(6, 3)
Z(-1, -2) → Z’(-3, -6)
 

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 19

 
67. Name the center of the circle.
  

10-2ANSWER:  
Measuring Angles and Arcs
6.2

Graph the image of each polygon with the given 71. A(–4, 4), B(4, 4), C(4, –4), D(–4, –4); r = 0.25
vertices after a dilation centered at the origin
with the given scale factor. SOLUTION:  
70. X(–1, 2), Y(2, 1), Z(–1, –2); r = 3 Multiply the x- and y-coordinates of each vertex by
the scale factor k. That is, (x, y) → (k x, k y).
SOLUTION:   Here multiply the x- and y- coordinates by the scale
Multiply the x- and y-coordinates of each vertex by factor 0.25.
the scale factor k. That is, (x, y) → (k x, k y). A(-4, 4) → A’(-1, 1)
Here multiply the x- and y-coordinates by the scale B(4, 4) → B’(1, 1)
factor 3. C(4, -4) → C’(1, -1)
X(-1, 2) → X’(-3, 6) D(-4, -4) → D’(-1, -1)
Y(2, 1) → Y’(6, 3)
 
Z(-1, -2) → Z’(-3, -6)
 

ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  

72. BASEBALL The diagram shows some dimensions

of Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois.  is a 
71. A(–4, 4), B(4, 4), C(4, –4), D(–4, –4); r = 0.25 segment from home plate to dead center field, and
SOLUTION:   is a segment from the left field foul pole to the
Multiply the x- and y-coordinates of each vertex by right field foul pole. If the center fielder is standing at
the scale factor k. That is, (x, y) → (k x, k y). C, how far is he from home plate? 
Here multiply the x- and y- coordinates by the scale
factor 0.25.
A(-4, 4) → A’(-1, 1)
B(4, 4) → B’(1, 1)
C(4, -4) → C’(1, -1)
D(-4, -4) → D’(-1, -1)
 

SOLUTION:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Here,  is a 45°- 45º- 90º triangle and thePage 20
length of leg is the distance from the center
fielder to home plate. Use Theorem 8.8 to find x.
 about 245.4 feet away from home plate.

ANSWER:  
10-2 Measuring Angles and Arcs

72. BASEBALL The diagram shows some dimensions Find x, y, and z.

of Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois.  is a 
segment from home plate to dead center field, and
is a segment from the left field foul pole to the
right field foul pole. If the center fielder is standing at
C, how far is he from home plate? 
73. 
SOLUTION:  
Since 8 is the measure of the altitude drawn to the
hypotenuse of the large right triangle, 8 is the
geometric mean of the lengths of the two segments
that make up the hypotenuse, 6 and x - 6.

Since y is the measure of a leg of the right triangle, y

SOLUTION:   is the geometric mean of 6 and x. 
Here,  is a 45°- 45º- 90º triangle and the
length of leg is the distance from the center
fielder to home plate. Use Theorem 8.8 to find x.

Since z is the measure of the other leg of the right

triangle, z is the geometric mean of x and x - 6. 

Therefore, the center fielder is standing     or 
about 245.4 feet away from home plate.

ANSWER:  
Therefore, x = , y = 10, and z = .

ANSWER:  
Find x, y, and z.

73. 
SOLUTION:  
Since 8 is the measure of the altitude drawn to the
hypotenuse of the large right triangle, 8 is the
geometric mean of the lengths of the two segments
that make up the hypotenuse, 6 and x - 6.
74. 
SOLUTION:  
Since 36 is the measure of the altitude drawn to the
hypotenuse of the large right triangle, 36 is the
geometric mean of the lengths of the two segments
that make up the hypotenuse, 6x and x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 21

Since y is the measure of a leg of the right triangle, y
is the geometric mean of 6 and x. 
  
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
10-2 Measuring Angles and Arcs 10, –10

2 2 2
76. x + 5 = 13
SOLUTION:  

74. 
SOLUTION:  
Since 36 is the measure of the altitude drawn to the ANSWER:  
hypotenuse of the large right triangle, 36 is the
12, –12
geometric mean of the lengths of the two segments
that make up the hypotenuse, 6x and x. 2 2 2
77. 30 + 35 = x
SOLUTION:  

The length of the hypotenuse is x + 6x or 7x. Since y

is the measure of a leg of the right triangle, y is the
geometric mean of x and 7x.  ANSWER:  
46.1, –46.1

 
Since z is the measure of the other leg of the right
triangle, z is the geometric mean of 6x and 7x.

Therefore, x = or about 14.7 , y = or

about 38.9, and z = or about 95.2.
ANSWER:  

Find x.
2 2 2
75. 24 + x = 26
SOLUTION:  

 
 
ANSWER:  
10, –10

2 2 2
76. x +Manual
eSolutions 5 = 13
- Powered by Cognero Page 22

SOLUTION: