E F F E C T I V E

TIMELINE OF SCIENCE W A Y S
OThe
F Entire
S T UHistory
D Y IofNthe
G
B E FEarth
O Rand
E Mankind
EXAMS

13.7 BILLION YEARS AGO

THE BIG BANG

Everything begins with an infant

universe. These tiny bundles of energy
smaller than the atoms suddenly
erupts.

380,000 YEARS LATER

GALAXIES EMERGE

With a lot of heat and energy from

hydrogen, the first atom blasts
through the early universe. The first
galaxy is beginning to form.

300 MILLION YEARS AFTER

THE BIG BANG
FORMATION OF STARS

Gravity continues to squeeze together

clouds of gas and dust causing
pressure and heat to violently rise.
hydrogen atoms slam together
creating a new element, helium, and
radiating bursts of energy that causes
the formation of stars.

12 BILLION YEARS AGO

SUPER NOVAS

Stars are already creating the element

that will spur the iron age which
allows for the building of cities and the
creation of some of the mankind most
famous monuments.
Stars exploded - supernovas created
heavier elements.

8 BILLION YEARS LATER

STARS EXPLODE AND REBORN

Element factory continues their work.

Stars explode and are reborn with
each generation with more heavy
elements than the last.
 TIMELINE OF SCIENCE

4.6 BILLION YEARS AGO

SUN AND THE PLANETS

There are enough materials gathered

for the next step. A new star is born.
This is our sun. It is so massive that it’s
gathered up 99.9% of gas and dust in
the solar system.
4.5 BILLION YEARS AGO
CREATION OF THE MOON

An object the size of Mars smashes

into the planet at 25 thousand miles
per hour. Earth swallows up much of
the impactor. Within this little less a
year, gravity gathers these debris into
the secondary sphere in orbit around
the Earth where it has been ever since.

4.4 BILLION YEAR AGO

FORMATION OF LAKES AND OCEANS

It is too hot on Earth for liquid water

to exist but there is water vapor steam
in the atmosphere. In order to create a
world to have life, this water vapor
steam must be gotten rid of with the
help of a little rain.
As the planet cools, rain pours down.

3.8 BILLION YEARS AGO

SECRET CODE OF LIFE: DNA

Beneath the surface of our primeval

oceans, the revolution is taking place.
Six simple elements, including
hydrogen from the big bang and
oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen created
by stars, have combined to make all
the key substances that will make up
all life including us.

2.5 BILLION YEARS AGO

CREATION OF OXYGEN

Some very special bacteria figure out

how to consume the sun’s energy to
live. In doing this, they also create the
most important waste product in the
history of the world, oxygen.

2 BILLION YEARS LATER

EARTH IS BECOMING A HOME

Life becomes more complex. Skies

become blue and so are the oceans
that reflect them. Large solid
continents appear. Earth is beginning
to look more like the place we now
called home.
 TIMELINE OF SCIENCE

550 MILLION YEARS AGO

CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

Oxygen levels in the atmosphere have

risen from next to nothing to as much
as 13%. And life on earth becomes to
go wild. In the span of roughly 30
million years, that most of the nature
animal groups evolved. 500 MILLION YEARS AGO
FIRST BONE FISH AND THE OZONE
LAYER

The first bone fish have evolved in the

seas. These fishes are our direct
ancestors. They evolved the body
parts that will make our own bodies
possible including the spine and the
mouth with jaws and teeth. With
oxygen, comes our ozone layer
protecting us from dangerous
radiation.
400 MILLION YEARS AGO
AMPHIBIANS ADAPTATION

Through the passage of time, these

amphibians begin to explore the world
outside the water and begins to adopt
the life on land. Soon after, they no
longer have to be directly connected
to the water in order to survive. They
began to produce eggs which would
enable life without direct contact with
water by storing it inside the shell.
300 MILLION YEARS AGO
INTRODUCTION TO COAL

Life flourishes in massive tropical

slumps where planet Earth is cooking
up a surprise. As plants die, they are
buried, compacted, and cooked. The
energy created from the big bang and
radiated by the sun to plants on Earth
is now locked away underground as
coal.

250 MILLION YEARS AGO

DINOSAUR ERA

The first hard-wood forest appears.

the moon’s gravity finally settles Earth
into a 24-hour day. Pangaea starts to
break apart. the vast Atlantic Ocean
opens up creating the gulf between
the old and new world.

65 MILLION YEARS AGO

MAMMALS EVOLVE

A 6-mile-wide object, likely an asteroid,

slams into the Earth. Every creature on
line weighing over 50 lbs goes extinct.
The reign of the dinosaurs is over.
Mammals begin to evolve.
 TIMELINE OF SCIENCE

50 MILLION YEARS AGO

LIMESTONES AND PYRAMIDS

On the floor of an ancient sea lives

small-shelled creatures called
nummulites. Their shells made of
calcium and carbon pile up in the sea
bottom over millions of years where
they formed inter-limestone. 10 MILLION YEARS AGO
TOWARDS ICE AGE

The Colorado River is carving out the

Grand Canyon. Mountain ranges, like
the Himalayan, have risen. They are so
tall that they disrupt whether patterns.
Setting the stage for a colder planet.

7 MILLION YEARS AGO

EMERGENCE OF GRASS

The grassland invades the traditional

habitat of our ape ancestors with
fewer trees and greater gaps between
them. Ancestors need to adopt so they
become to look for a new habitat.
They began to stand and walk on two
feet in order to heads up for the
predators and frees up their hands.

2.6 MILLION YEARS AGO

STONE AGE

The element silicon is the second most

abundant element in the Earth’s crust.
This element has the ability to bond
with oxygen to form crystals that can
bind into solid rocks. Rocks that can
be chipped and shaped without
shattering. These stones are then
modified to form and create other
things that are useful for survival.

800 THOUSAND YEARS AGO

USE OF FIRE

Our ancestors have fire firmly under

control. Using fire to cook is like
having an external stomach to
breakdown foods releasing more
calories which gives us more energy
which in turn allow us to support
bigger brain.

200 THOUSAND YEARS

AGO
INFORMATION EXCHANGE

The modern human has fully taken

shape. The larynx or voice box
descends and more complex sounds
are now possible. We begin to speak.
And for the first time, information can
be shared between individuals and
across generations. Humans have
gained a critical advantage over every
other creature on Earth.
 TIMELINE OF SCIENCE

100 THOUSAND YEARS AGO

PRIMITIVE TOOLS AND AFRO-
EUROASIA

Man can move. We have agile hands

and primitive tools. Shifting continents
have linked Africa and Eurasia into the
largest contiguous landmass on Earth,
Afro-Eurasia. 50 THOUSAND YEARS AGO
ICE AGE BEGINS

Glaciers begin to advanced down from

the North Pole at the same time
humans continue their conquest of
the globe arriving in China and
Australia.

30 THOUSAND YEARS AGO

INVADE EUROPE

Homo Sapiens reached Europe for the

first time.

20 THOUSAND YEARS AGO

SYMBOLS AND IMAGES

With the ice nearing its most extreme,

the march of man reaches the frigid
Tundra of Northeast Siberia. Man
develops the last stage we will need to
be human. Symbols and images of the
world before were carved on the walls
of rocks.

12 THOUSAND YEARS AGO

RIVER VALLEYS AND PLANT SEEDS

The formation of river valleys whose

waters and fertile soil will allow the
first seed of civilization to be planted.
With temperature warming after the
ice age, plants and animals become
plentiful. And man can finally choose
to stop moving. Permanent
settlements begin and populations
grow. We learn to plant seeds.

AROUND 4000 BC
DOMESTICATED HORSES

Nomadic people in central Asia learn

to train horses for the first time.
Domesticated horses played a huge
role in advancing the modes of
transportation and transfer of
products from one place to another.
 TIMELINE OF SCIENCE

6000 YEAR AGO

NEXT PHASE OF HUMAN HISTORY

Domestication of animals and plants

set the stage for the next phase of
human history.

3000 BC
FIRST CITIES, WRITING, ARMIES,
POLITICS

Sumerian settlements can truly be

called our first cities. Dependence of
consume good on wheat and barley.
Development of first writing to keep
track of the crops, first armies to
protect them, and beginning of politics
to administer them.

5000 YEARS AGO

DONKEY CARAVAN

Mankind has become to settle down.

Trade and communication advances.
Donkey caravan is the interstate
highway and high-speed internet of its
day. Brings civilization together.

2000 BC
STONEHENGE, WHEELS, PETROLEUM

Humans have gone from humble huts

to massive monuments. Great
pyramids arise. First stages of
Stonehenge have risen up. Artificial
temples climb even higher. First
petroleum product was exploited by
mankind. Invention of wheels.

1200 BC
IRON AGE

The beginning of iron age. The game

changer. People began to use fire and
iron to create other useful and more
advance things.

600 BC
NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Along with the grow on the field of

technology, wars also began to persist.
Empires were created and grow.
Horses are also use in wars for the
first time.
 The Entire History of the
Earth and Mankind

100 BC
INVASION AND CONQUEST

A Chinese Emperor sends an envoy to

the west. The route he travels
becomes the Silk Road.

500 YEARS AGO

VOYAGES AND EXPORTS

400 million people in the world.

Columbus travels to the Americas IN
1492. Prior to that voyage, the two
people in different parts of world were
separated. Food crops move around
the world. Sugar is grown in the
Americas for export to Europe. African
slaves are transported to the Americas
to work on the lands.
300 YEARS AGO
REVOLUTIONS BEGIN

Coal and steam combine to produce

the first practical steam engine. The
application of industrial skills and
technologies has cause revolution to
begin.

100 YEARS AGO

OIL AND WARS

The internal combustion engine and

oil facilitate massive international
wars. The continuous discovery and
development of more complex and
advanced equipment for wars led to
massive international wars.

THE PRESENT DAY

TODAY

Human numbers close to 7 billion. We

are the dominant players in the planet
We learn to harness 50 thousand
times more energy than our ancestors
that drives our fast-paced lives. World-
wide-web, a network has been in the
making for as long as humans walk
the Earth.