DOST REVIEW

MATERIAL 1
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SCIENCE 5
 1. The Earth has a thick blanket of air
called __________ . ______It is the air
that surrounds Earth.
● A. Geosphere C. Lithosphere
● B. Atmosphere D. Biosphere
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B. Atmosphere
 atmosphere
● Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen,
21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, and 0.1 percent other
gases. Trace amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor,
and neon are some of the other gases that make up the remaining
0.1 percent. 
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 ● Earth’s atmosphere stretches from the surface of the
planet up to as far as 10,000 kilometers (6,214
miles) above
● It is divided into five different layers, based on
temperature.
● Troposphere - reaching from about seven and 15
kilometers (five to 10 miles) from the surface. 
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 It is divided into five different layers, based on temperature.
● Troposphere - reaching from about seven and 15 kilometers
(five to 10 miles) from the surface. 
● Stratosphere - from the top of the troposphere, which is called
the tropopause, to an altitude of approximately 50 kilometers (30
miles).  A high concentration of ozone, a molecule composed of
three atoms of oxygen, makes up the ozone layer of the
stratosphere. 
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 ● mesosphere -  reaches as far as about 85 kilometers (53 miles)
above Earth’s surface . The coldest temperatures in the
atmosphere are near the top of the mesosphere—about -90°C (-
130°F)
●  thermosphere  - above the mesopause and reaches out to around
600 kilometers (372 miles)
●  exosphere - The uppermost layer, that blends with what is
considered to be outer space. The pull of Earth’s gravity is so
small here that molecules of gas escape into outer space
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 2. a celestial body that does not produced its own
light, is larger than an asteroid, and is illuminated by
light from a star, such as the sun, around which it
revolves

● A. comet C. planet
● B. asteroid D. moon
C. planet
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 ● There are 8 planets currently orbiting the sun
● The inner, rocky planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth,
and Mars. NASA's newest rover — Perseverance
— landed on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021.
● The outer planets are gas giants Jupiter and Saturn
 and ice giants Uranus and Neptune.
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 ● Beyond Neptune, a newer class of smaller worlds called dwarf
planets reign, including longtime favorite Pluto. Thousands
more planets have been discovered beyond our solar system.
Scientists call them exoplanets (exo means "from outside").
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 3. an imaginary line that passes from the
North Pole to the South Pole through
Earth’s center.

● A. axis C. equator
● B. latitude D. longitude
a. axis
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 4. the amount of time it take the earth to
revolve once on it’s axis, (24 hours).

● A. week C. day
● B. light year D. month
C. day
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 5. occurs on the side of the earth that is
facing away from the sun.

● A. winter C. day
● B. eclipse D. night
D. night
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 6. the northern or southern half of
the earth.

● A. equator C. hemisphere
● B. pole D. atmosphere
C. hemisphere
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 7. one complete trip of a planet
around the sun.

● A. revolution C. orbit
● B. rotation D. axis
a. revolution
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 7. What causes the occurrence of
day and night in Earth?

● A. revolution C. orbit
● B. rotation D. axis
b. rotation
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 8. It is a large chunk of ice and
dust that orbits the sun

● A. comet C. planet
● B. asteroid D. moon
a. comet
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 ● Comets are frozen leftovers from the formation of the solar
system composed of dust, rock, and ices. They range from a
few miles to tens of miles wide, but as they orbit closer to the
Sun, they heat up and spew gases and dust into a glowing
head that can be larger than a planet. This material forms a
tail that stretches millions of miles.
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 ●  There are likely billions of comets orbiting our Sun in
the Kuiper Belt - a donut-shaped region of icy bodies
beyond the orbit of Neptune.
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 9. What holds the moving object
in space remain in their orbit?

● A. electricity C. light
● B. gravity D. axis
b. gravity
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 10. occurs when the earth blocks
sunlight from reaching the moon
?
● A. lunar eclipse C. night time
B. solar eclipse D. day time.
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A. lunar eclipse