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4-Heat Treatment PDF
4-Heat Treatment PDF
(b) The temperatures and rates of heating and cooling to be used are
given in UCS-56, UHT-56, UNF-56 and UHA-32.
(c) The minimum PWHT temperatures shall be the minimum
temperature of the plate material of the shell or head (furnace gas
temperature measurement alone is not considered sufficiently
accurate).
■ Where more than one pressure vessel or part are treated in one
furnace charge, thermocouples shall be placed in the bottom, center
and top of the charge, or in other zones of possible temperature
variation.
UW-40 Procedures of PWHT
(d) When pressure parts of two different P-Number Groups are
joined by welding, the PWHT shall be that specified according to
UCS-56 or UHA-32, for the material requiring the higher PWHT
temperature.
(e) PWHT, when required, shall be done before the hydrostatic test
and after any welded repairs except as permitted by UCS56(f).
■ A preliminary hydrostatic test to reveal leaks prior to PWHT is
permissible.
(f) The term nominal thickness is the thickness (t) of the welded
joint as follows.
■ For pressure vessels or parts being postweld heat treated in a
furnace charge, t is the greatest weld thickness in any vessel or
part which has not previously been postweld heat treated.
UW-40 Procedures of PWHT
(f) Nominal Thickness
UW-40 Procedures of PWHT
(f) Nominal Thickness continued...
NOTES:
(1) Minimum holding time for 1 in. (25 mm) thickness or less. Add
15 minutes per Inch (25 mm) of thickness for thicknesses
greater than 1 In. (25 mm).
(2) These lower postweld heat treatment temperatures permitted
only for P-No. 1 Gr. Nos. 1 and 2 materials.
UCS-56(d) Requirements for PWHT
During the holding period, there shall not be a greater difference than
150°F (83°C) in temperature between the highest and lowest
readings.
During the heating and holding periods, the furnace atmosphere shall
be so controlled as to avoid excessive oxidation of the vessel
surface.
The furnace shall be designed as to prevent flame impingement on
the vessel. Above 800°F (425°C), cooling shall be done in in a closed
chamber or cooling chamber.
Cooling rates above 800°F (425°C) shall not exceed 500°F per hour
(278°C) divided by the maximum shell or head thickness in inches,
but in no case more than 500°F per hour (278°C).
From 800°F (425°C) the vessel may be cooled in still air.
UCS-56(e) Requirements for PWHT
Repairs to vessels in the postweld heat treated condition require
the repaired area to be re-heat treated, except as permitted in
UCS-56(f).
UCS-56(f) Requirements for PWHT,
Alternatives & Exemptions
Exemptions to re-heat treating repaired areas are as follows:
■ P-No. 1, Group No's, 1, 2 and 3 materials,
■ P-No. 3, Group No's. 1, 2 and 3 materials, and the weld metals
used to join the above,
provided the repair is made before the final pressure test and
provided PWHT was not a service requirement per UW(2)(a) or
UCS-68. The exemptions of Table UCS-56 apply.
■ The welded repairs shall meet the requirements of (1) through (6)
below.
UCS-56(f) Requirements for PWHT,
Alternatives & Exemptions
■ These requirements do not apply when the welded repairs are minor
restorations of the material surface, such as those required after removal of
construction fixtures, and provided that the surface is not exposed to the
vessel contents.
■ (1) The Manufacturer shall give prior notification to the user or his
designated agent and shall not proceed until acceptance has been obtained.
Such repairs shall be recorded on the Data Report.
■ (2) Repair depth shall not exceed 1 lA in. (38mm) for P-No. 1, Groups 1, 2
and 3 materials and 5/8 inch (16mm) for P-No. 3, Group 1, 2 and 3 materials.
The total depth is measured from both sides of a weld at a given location.
■(3) MT or PT examine the excavated area per Appendix 6 or 8 respectively.
■ (4) Use Section IX qualified groove weld procedure and :
■ (a) use the manual SMAW process with low hydrogen electrodes,
conditioned per SFA 5.5. The maximum bead width shall be 4 times the
electrode diameter,
■ (b) maintain 200°F (95°C) minimum preheat and interpass for P-No. 1,
Groups 1, 2, and 3 materials.
UCS-56(f) Requirements for PWHT,
Alternatives & Exemptions
■ (4) continued..
■ (c) maintain a 350°F (175°C) minimum preheat and interpass, and
maximum interpass temperature of 450°F (230°C) for P-No. 3, Groups 1, 2
and 3 materials,
■ For P-No. 3 materials, the welding technique is limited to the "half bead
weld repair and weld temper bead reinforcement technique."
Step 1: The initial layer of weld
metal shall be deposited over the
entire area using 1/8 in. (3mm)
maximum diameter electrodes.
(g) P-No. 1, Group No. 3 and P-No. 3, Groups 1 and 2 material specimens
that are subjected to the requirements of (c) above and Table UCS-56 need
not be recertified if the material is subjected to the alternate PWHT conditions
permitted by Table UCS-56.1.
UCS-85 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens
(h) The simulation of cooling rates for test specimens of non-impact tested
materials 3 in. (75mm) and under in thickness is not required for heat
treatments below the lower transformation temperature.
(i) All thermal treatments which precede a thermal treatment that fully
austenitizes the material need not be accounted for by the specimen heat
treatments, providing the austenitizing temperature is as high as any
preceding thermal treatments.