R.C Series A.C.

Circuit
Consider AC circuit that contains both capacitance, C
and resistance, R which are connected with each other
in series (figure). The voltage, V across the
combination is equal to the phasor sum of two
component voltages, VR and VC, Where VR=IR and,

VC=IXC.

In order to draw a vector diagram for a capacitance a

reference must be found. In a series AC circuit the
current is common and can therefore be used as the
reference source because the same
current flows through the
resistance and capacitance (Figure
below).
The voltage drop VR (=IR) is in
phase with current and is
represented by phasor OA. The
voltage drop VC (-IXC) lags behind
the current by 90° and is
represented in magnitude and direction by phasor AB.
The applied voltage V is phasor sum of these two drop
i.e.

V2=V2R+V2C ….(i)
V=√V2R+V2C = √(IR2)+(-IXC)2
=√R2+XC2
I=V/√R2+XC2
The quantity √R2+XC2 offer opposition to current flow
and is called impedence of the circuit.

I=V/Z
Where;

Z=√R2+XC2
The phasor diagram shows that the circuit current I leads
the aoolied voltageV by ø . This fact is also illustrated in
the wave diagram and impedence triangle of the circle.

(Impedence triangle) (Phasor Diagram)

The Value ofphase can be determined by one of the under

Tan∅= ̶ VC/VR
= ̶ IXC/IR = ̶ XC/R
 Power in R.C. Circuit
The equation for voltage and current are:

V = Vmsinωt ; Imsin(ωt+ø)
Average Power, (P) = (V) (I)
= VI cos ø