Professional Documents
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GRAMMAR
I The Passive.
We form the passive with the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb.
Active Passive
Present Simple He delivers the parcels. The parcels are
delivered
Present Continuous He is delivering the The parcels are being
parcels. delivered.
Past Simple He delivered the parcels. The parcels were
delivered.
Past Continuous He was delivering the The parcels were being
parcels. delivered.
Future Simple He will deliver the The parcels will be
parcels. delivered.
Present Perfect He has delivered the The parcels have been
parcels. delivered.
Past Perfect He had delivered the The parcels had been
parcels. delivered.
Future Perfect He will have delivered The parcels will have
the parcels. been delivered.
Present Infinitive He is expected to deliver The parcels are expected
the parcels. to be delivered.
Perfect Infinitive He is said to have The parcels are said to
delivered the parcels. have been delivered.
Simple –ing form I object to his delivering I object to the parcels
the parcels. being delivered.
Perfect –ing form Having delivered the The parcels having
parcels,… been delivered,…
Modals He must deliver the The parcels must be
parcels. delivered.
Modal perfects He must have delivered The parcels must have
the parcels. been delivered.
The present perfect continuous, the future continuous, the past perfect continuous,
and the future perfect continuous are not normally used in the passive.
We can use the verb to get instead of the verb to be in everyday speech when we
talk about things that happen by accident or unexpectedly.
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e.g. Four people got hurt in the car crash.
NB. However, we cannot use get to describe states.
e.g. That house is (NOT gets) owned by my uncle.
Only transitive verbs (verbs followed by an object) can be changed into the passive.
e.g. Grandma knitted my jumper. → My jumper was knitted by Grandma.
BUT: They travelled to Lisbon last summer (intransitive verb). → no passive.
Some transitive verbs such as belong, have (=own), fit (=be the right size or
shape), lack, resemble, seem, suit, cannot be changed into the passive.
e.g. I have a shower every morning (NOT A shower is had by me…)
The verb let has no passive form, so we use a passive form of allow/permit/give
permission.
e.g. The teacher let us leave early. → We were allowed to leave early.
When the verb of the active sentence is followed by a preposition, the preposition
is kept in the passive sentence as well. We never separate the verb and
preposition(s) in the passive.
e.g. They took the company over in 2001. → The company was taken over (by
them) in 2001.
The verbs hear, see, make are followed by the bare infinitive in the active, but by
the to-infinitive in the passive.
e.g. They saw him leave the building. → He was seen to leave the building.
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1. Complete the sentences using words from each group.
build design direct discover discover invent name paint play write
1 Greenland…………………………….
2 Northern Lights ...............................
3 The Pyramids...................................
4 The wireless.....................................
5 Guernica..........................................
6 Lara Croft........................................
7 The Statue of Liberty.......................
8 The structure of DNA......................
9 The Seven Samurai..........................
10 Radium...........................................
2. Imagine you are in a busy hotel at midday. Make sentences to say what is
being done, using words from the two groups and the present progressive
passive.
Example:
Beds are being made.
3. Imagine that, rich and famous, you return to your old home town after fifty
years. A lot of things are different. Make sentences, using words below and the
present perfect passive.
Example:
The Cafe Royal has been turned into a casino.
Cafe Royal houseboats new car park new schools opera house
old fire station ring road station streets town centre statue of you
Super Cinema your house
1 I've collected all the documents that (need) for the house sale. Can you take
them to the lawyer's office (sign)?
2 Look, this is a secret. Come into the garden where we (not / overhear).
3 If you hadn't been so late for work, you (not / sack).
4 This office is very inefficient. The phone (never / answer) promptly, no proper
records (keep), and, worst of all, no reports (written) since I started work here.
5 I was so worried about my garden while I was in hospital, but I have very good
neighbours. When I got home, I could see that the vegetables (water) every day
and the grass (cut) regularly.
6 Can you come to the police station? The man who (suspect) of stealing your
wallet (arrest) and (question) at the moment. The police hope he (identify), either
by you or another witness.
7 We had hoped to see several famous paintings, but the gallery (reorganised) at
the time of our visit and most of the really valuable works (move) for safe
keeping.
8. Aunt Dinah (not like) by my father’s family; she (consider) vulgar.
9. After his brother’s departure Paul sat for a long time thinking about what (say).
10. “I’m not prepared,” my father said, “to listen to your suggestions that you
never (treat) fairly at school.”
11. But there were signs that order (restore) in the town.
12. He went into the bedroom. The bed (turn) down for the night by the maid
many hours before.
13. Please, find out if my father (see) to leave.
14. She could have gone to Cambridge if she had wanted, she (offer) a
scholarship.
15. Ahead of us the port lay in a flood of lights. Two cargo ships (unload).
16. I felt I (catch) out boasting.
17. I could not tell him that I had spent the money I (leave) in order to get myself
a house.
18. She (operate) on at seven o’clock next morning.
19. The days that followed afterward (look) back on by Philip as a kind of
nightmare.
20. You have hardly any right to talk to me about the children. They (see) to all
right, and it will be me that sees to them, not you.
21. Somewhere from far away in the town came the sound of shots. “Somebody
(kill),” I said.
22. The boy who put a frog in the teacher’s desk (ask) to return the frog to the
pool.
23. He watched Jack while the film (run).
24. I discovered that a similar message (send) to my office.
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25. Our garden was all weeds, but the one next door (look) after to perfection.
5. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence. Do not use by unless it is important to the meaning.
6. Rewrite each sentence using appreciate, deny, enjoy, like or remember and
the word in capitals.
had been given had been told had never been taught was given
(twice) was offered was promised was sent was shown wasn't
being paid
I'll never forget my first day at that office. I (1) to arrive at 8.30, but when I got
there the whole place seemed to be empty. I didn't know what to do, because I (2)
no information about the building or where I was going to work, so I just waited
around until some of the secretaries began to turn up. Finally I (3) dirty little
office on the fifth floor, where I (4) a desk in a corner. Nothing happened for an
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hour; then I (5) some letters to type on a computer by one of the senior
secretaries. This wasn't very successful, because I (6) how to use a computer. (In
the letter I (7) when I (8) the job, I (9) computer training, but they'd obviously
forgotten about this.) By lunchtime things hadn't got any better, and I decided
that I (10) enough to put up with this nonsense, so I walked out and didn't go
back.
8. Choose one passive verb phrase for each space in these sentences (from a
report on the use of DNA testing by the police).
DNA is the chemical in the cells of plants and animals which carries inherited
characteristics, or genetic information. DNA testing (l) to identify each person as
a unique individual on the basis of that genetic information. It (2) 'genetic
fingerprinting'. The results of DNA testing are now being accepted as evidence in
cases where it (3) that the wrong person (4) of a crime. In recent years, more than
seventy people (5) to be innocent through DNA testing. Many of those people (6)
to life in prison. In one case, a man (7) after nineteen years in prison. DNA
testing (8) in some murder cases that (9) without it.
10. Put the verbs into the most suitable passive tense.
11. Complete the text with a suitable passive form of the verb in brackets.
A.
The Academy Awards Presentation (1) (first/organise) in 1929 and since
then, it (2) (hold) every year. The presentation (3) (attend) by those at the top of
the film industry and (4) (watch) on TV by millions of viewers who want to see
who (5) (present) with the golden statue which (6) (desire) by everyone in the
motion picture world.
The voting for the Academy Awards (7) (conduct) secretly and the results
(8) (not/reveal) to anyone until the envelope (9) (open) on stage in front of the
audience. Awards (10) (give) for the best individual and collective work and (11)
(separate) into different categories. Up to five nominations (12) (make) in each
category. The awards, which (13) (know) as Oscars, (14) (consider) to be the
highest honour anyone in the film industry can (15) (give).
B.
Wangari Maathai
Wangari Maathai (1) (award) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. She (2)
(praise) by the Nobel committee as 'a source of inspiration for everyone in Africa
fighting for sustainable development, democracy and peace'. When she started her
Green Belt movement in 1977, Kenya was suffering from deforestation and
desertification. Thousands of trees (3) (cut down) and many families (4) (leave)
in poverty as a result. Since then, her successful campaign to mobilize women to
plant some 30 million trees (5) (copy) by other countries. During that time the
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movement (6) (transform) into a campaign on education, nutrition and other
issues. Her campaign has not always been popular. Mrs Maathai (7) (arrest)
several times for campaigning against deforestation in Africa, and once she (8)
(beat) unconscious by heavy handed police. But in elections in 2002, she (9)
(elect) as an MP as part of an opposition coalition which swept to power, and she
(10) (appoint) as a deputy environment minister in 2003.
C.
Blocked drains shut gallery link
A multi-million pound underground tunnel connecting two of Edinburgh's
art galleries (1) (close) for two weeks so that blocked drains which have dogged
the building from the outset can be fixed. The repair work (2) (estimate) to cost
around £100,000 but it is unclear who will foot the bill. Major losses (3) (expect)
at the museum and at the gallery restaurant, which
(4) (house) in the link and (5) (force) to shut whilst the work (6) (carry
out). The head of buildings said it was likely that the fault had occurred while the
tunnel (7) (construct) 'It probably happened while it (8) (build) because we have
had blockage problems since it opened. We (9) (tell) it will cost around
£100,000 - who will pay for it will be the issue.' A spokeswoman for the
National Galleries said: 'Everything (10) (do) to ensure minimal disruption to
visitors. Many of the educational workshops and events (11) (accommodate)
elsewhere in the galleries. The National Gallery of Scotland and the Royal
Scottish Academy Building (12) (not affect) by the work, and will open as
normal throughout.' The work to the faulty drainage system at the Weston Link,
which (13) (only complete) in August 2004, will take eight weeks from mid-
February until the start of March.
12. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive or active tense.
A.
Coffee (1) (say) to originate from Kaffa in Ethiopia and most species of
coffee plant (2) (find) in the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. The species
which (3) (think) to be the earliest coffee plant (4) (ever/cultivated) by man is
Coffea arabica. Today it (5) (grow) mostly in Latin America.
The coffee shrub (6) (reach) a height of 8 – 10 metres and (7) (have) white
scented flowers. It (8) (produce) a red fruit which (9) (call) a cherry. The cherry
(10) (contain) two seeds which (11) (join) together. These seeds, which (12)
(also/know) as beans, (13) (first/roast) and then they (14) (grind) to make coffee.
The grounds (15) (then/process) in a variety of different ways. Sometimes they
(16) (filter) and sometimes they (17) (soak) in water to make the drink which is
popular with so many people. Coffee is available as grounds or as instant coffee
powder and (18) (drink) by one third of the world’s population.
B.
Slowly but surely the coastline of Britain (1) (wear away) by an advancing
sea. The country which once 'ruled the waves' now (2) (rule) by them, with huge
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forces threatening to destroy vast areas of human and wildlife habitat. Already
some of Britain's last wild, natural areas (3) (disappear), and experts (4) (fear)
that this is just the beginning. It (5) (estimate) that there will be a 38-55 cm rise
in average sea levels by the year 2100. According to the Department of the
Environment, during the next 50 years at least 10,000 hectares of farmland (6)
(turn into) mud flats and salt marshes by the increases in sea levels. Rather than
trying to prevent the erosion, the present government (7) (use) a method of
'managed retreat' by creating new defences further inland and allowing low-lying
coastal farm land (8) (abandon) to the sea. However, many of the country's major
cities could also (9) (affect). London, Bristol and Cardiff all (10) (expect) severe
flooding as our sea defences (11) (destroy) by the rising tides.
C.
Local cheeses
Traditional cheeses (1) (produce) in many regions of the UK and (2)
(name) after the area in which they (3) (first develop) Cheddar, a hard cheese
with a strong, nutty taste, is the most popular and (4) (now make) all over the
world. A 'true' Cheddar must come from the counties of Somerset, Dorset or
Devon in southwest England or specifically from the Somerset village from
which it (5) (take) its name. Wensleydale (6) (come) from the Yorkshire Dales
(valleys) in northern England. Originally made from sheep's milk, it (7) (base) on
a recipe introduced by the Cistercian monks in the 11th century and has a mild
refreshing flavour. Traditional Lancashire, from northwest England, has a light,
salty flavour. During the Industrial Revolution (around 1760-1830), Lancashire
cheese (8) (become) the staple food of the mill workers. Caerphilly, a crumbly
cheese, (9) (first produce) in the Welsh town of that name in about 1831. The
cheese (10) (soak) overnight in salt water to seal in the moisture. It was popular
with the local coalminers who (11) (lose) a lot of salt during their work
underground. Blue Stilton, made only in the counties of Leicestershire,
Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, (12) (prize) as the 'king' of British cheeses.
NB Hearsay reports describe what people say, report, believe, think, consider,
know, etc., and are often used in news reporting. They are introduced by a
passive form of the report verb, either in present simple or past simple form with
a to-infinitive. The report can refer to the present or past, or a time before the
time of reporting. Different forms of the infinitive are used to show the relation
of the report to the report verb:
e.g. The patient is said to be as well as can be expected. (That’s what people say
now about the present situation).
The robbers are thought to have stolen more than £3 million. (That’s what
people say now about the past situation).
Last week the Prime Minister was said to be undecided (That’s what people said
in the past about the situation then).
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Mr Smith was believed to have taken the car by mistake (That’s what people said
then about something that had happened earlier).
13. Rewrite each sentence so that it begins with the words underlined.
1 People say that the company's European division is having a good year.
2 In contrast, they say that the Far East division has been suffering from rising
costs.
3 People believe that the company has been talking to a competitor about a
possible merger.
4 People know some directors have been thinking on these lines for some time.
5 People believe the CEO. Carl Graham, is making an attempt to focus the
business more sharply in some areas.
6 People say he is also looking at the possibility of job cuts.
7 People think the company is holding a top-level meeting about these matters
next week.
14. Complete the sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
A)
1 It is said that house prices are too high.
House prices............................................................................................................
2 It is thought that the hospital is short of money.
The hospital..................................................................................................,..........
3 It was alleged that the athlete had cheated.
The athlete...............................................................................................................
4 It is reported that the prime minister is resigning.
The prime minister...................................................................................................
5 It is expected that the new sports stadium will be finished soon.
The new sports stadium...........................................................................................
6 It is generally considered that sixteen is too young to get married.
Sixteen......................................................................................................................
7 It was thought that the book had been destroyed.
The book..................................................................................................................
8 It is believed that the children had been hiding for two weeks.
The children.............................................................................................................
B)
1 Oak Island in Canada is one of many places in the world which people think is
the site of buried treasure.
Oak Island in Canada is one of many places in the world which …….........
2 People say that the treasure is in a place called 'the money pit'.
The treasure ………………………………………………
3 People think that pirates buried the treasure centuries ago.
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Pirates ………………………………………………………
4 The money pit story dates back to 1795, when people report that a local youth
fell into a hole at the foot of a large tree.
The money pit story dates back to 1795, when a local youth………………
5 People believe that he and a friend discovered traces of treasure in the hole.
He and a friend ………………………………………….
6 People say that the two men found a treasure chest in later excavations.
The two men …………………………………………….
7 However, before they could open the chest, people say that water flooded in.
However, before they could open the chest, water ………………………..
8 Since then, people believe that more than a dozen groups of treasure hunters
have searched for the treasure.
Since then, more than a dozen groups of treasure hunters …………………..
9 People think that some explorers found old pieces of metal in the hole.
Some explorers ……………………………………….
10 However, people now report that the pit is a natural phenomenon, or the
remains of old colonial fortifications.
However, the pit is now……………………………….
15. Rewrite each sentence so that it is a hearsay report, using a form of the
verb in capitals.
NB Verbs such as give, hand, lend, offer, send, throw, ask, teach, etc. take two
objects and have two corresponding passives:
e.g. Alice gave us that vase. → 1) We were given that vase (by Alice). 2) That
vase was given (to) us (by Alice).
e.g. He explained the problem to me. → The problem was explained to me (NOT I
was explained the problem).
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16. Make one corresponding passive sentence or two, if possible. Look carefully
at the tense in the sentences given.
17. Choose an appropriate form of one of these verbs to complete the sentences
and write a corresponding passive sentence starting with the word(s) given. Use
each verb once only.
NB. When we need to mention the agent of the action, we use the preposition by to
say who or what carries out the action. We use with +
instrument/material/ingredient to say what the agent used to perform the action.
e.g. The pancakes were made by Clair. They were made with eggs, flour and milk.
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II. So vs. Such. As vs. Like. (Study the grammar reference in Language
Summary 9, p. 134).
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20. This quiz was ___ easy that I don't need to check my answers.
a. such
b. so
c. such much
d. so much
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So, where's the Cannes Film Festival
being held this year?
Christina Aguilera
1. a) Study the following words and idioms and use them in your own sentences.
b) Fill the gaps with the suitable words and expressions from the list above.
1. The dark Dickens novel Oliver Twist was … as a light musical Oliver!
2. Humphrey Bogart, as good-guy Rick Blaine, was an example of…. Bogart had
played gangster figures in dozens in films before Casablanca (1942)
3. George Lucas and Steven Spielberg are … directors.
4. Imelda Staunton is a … as Dolores Umbridge, playing the callous teacher to
perfection.
5. The major or lead character in a … is a crime-solving detective, such as in the
Sherlock Holmes series of films.
6. The next … is WNO's production of Madam Butterfly with American tenor
Russell Thomas as Pinkerton, Judith Howarth as the heartbroken Cio-Cio-San and
Claire Bradshaw as Suzuki.
7. As far as I can tell, the physical symptoms of … are caused by the release of
adrenaline.
8. The actor was supposed to fall over and die, but he … too much and got fired
instead.
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2. Describing films
Would you go and see a film which was described in any of the following ways?
Why / why not?
3. Render the following review into English using at least 20 active words and
expressions both from the Active Vocabulary list and the exercises above. Feel
free to add your own comments.
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фильм который, без всякого сомнения, войдет в историю мирового
кинематографа.
Сразу расставим все точки на "и". "Аватар" - это лучшее из того, что
выходило на экраны со времен "Властелина колец", и вот почему. Масштаб
постановки и техническое совершенство видеоряда действительно поражают.
В картине нет спецэффектов в привычном для современных зрителей
понимании. Весь фильм - это один большой спецэффект.
4. Now write a review of a film that you particularly like (or dislike) using as
many active words as you can.
1. Find the key words in the article and write them into the sentences below.
1. a verb which describes how well a film did _________________________ (para
1)
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2. a verb which describes how badly a film did _________________________
(para 1)
3. A film _________________________ is an intellectual property involving the
characters, setting and trademarks of an original work of fiction, such as a film
or a series of books, e.g. Harry Potter, James Bond. (para 1)
4. two inexact methods of measuring things based on experience and feeling
_________________________ (para 2)
5. When somebody is _________________________ they are involved in a
project. (para 3)
6. to earn a particular amount of money before taxes or costs have been taken out
_________________________ (para 3)
7. to fail financially and lose all your money _________________________ (para
4)
8. a film without a sequel or an ongoing storyline _________________________
(para 6)
9. Something that makes a large amount of money is
_________________________. (para 7)
10. the process of becoming successful or popular again
_________________________ (para 9)
11. a four-word phrase meaning a good reputation based on what has happened
before _________________________ (para 9)
12. a phrase meaning to make someone very angry _________________________
(para 11)
13. a new blended word made up of two known words to describe the unwanted
growth in the number of sequels _________________________ (para 11)
Hollywood has long known a follow-up is a fairly safe bet and franchises
from Pirates of the Caribbean to Star Wars have dominated cinema schedules
for years. But, until now, decisions about what to invest in a film sequel or
how much to pay for the rights to a franchise have been based on some simple
rules of thumb and gut feeling.
Based on factors such as whether key stars are still on board, how long it has
been since the last film and how that performed, the researchers now say they
can calculate what producers can expect to gross relative to a film in the same
genre that is not a sequel.
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“It is the industry of dreams, an industry of illusions, and lots of people go
bust. The idea here is to put some more analytical thinking into the process,”
says Professor Thorsten Hennig-Thurau, of Cass Business School in London.
With follow-up films enjoying widespread box office success and strong
DVD sales, financial investors and film companies compete aggressively to
acquire sequel rights. The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise was
recently sold for $60 million (£36 million). “I want this industry to recognize
that it is not as different to other sectors as it thinks it is. What we are talking
about here is brand extension,” says Hennig-Thurau.
The research, which will be published in the Journal of Marketing this month,
examined data from all 101 movie sequels released in North American
cinemas between 1998 and 2006 and a sample of stand-alone films with
similar characteristics. According to the formula, upcoming sequel The
Twilight Saga: New Moon should be expected to return $34 million more for
the producers in its US run than a comparable vampire/ teen romance movie
with the same characteristics that is not a sequel.
“Movies like the Twilight sequel New Moon are highly lucrative and relatively
safe bets if key parameters, such as original cast, are maintained,” explains
Hennig-Thurau. Star continuity is where Basic Instinct 2 went wrong – no
Michael Douglas. “The time difference between the two films was very, very
long and actor continuity was halved in that you only had (a much older)
Sharon Stone.”
On the whole, however, sequels do well and often outperform the original.
That is especially true now studios are presenting films as a franchise with a
narrative woven throughout several instalments. “We are not really talking
about sequels any more. We are talking about films that are conceived of as
longer plays than one film. You are saying to the audience: ‘This is a story,
you have got to stick with it’,” says David Hancock, head of film and cinema
at media research company Screen Digest. Underlining that audience loyalty,
Hancock notes that in the US last year, just 4.2% of releases were franchise
films but they accounted for 20.6% of box office takings.
The revival of the Star Trek franchise this summer saw JJ Abrams’s new film
gross £21 million in UK cinemas, which is more than double the return of any
of the previous 10 Star Trek feature films. “There is clearly a public appetite
for new stories taking favourite characters on new adventures and from an
industry point of view, there is less risk in investing in the production and
release of a film which has a proven track record,” says Mark Batey, chief
executive of the Film Distributors’ Association.
For film producers fighting poor DVD sales, sequels bring an added benefit.
Hennig-Thurau’s research showed that DVD sales of the original movie often
peak when a sequel hits the cinema screens. Once that sequel is out on DVD it
also has a good chance of strong sales.
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DVD charts and cinema rankings containing sequels such as Shrek the Third,
Transformers 2 and Ice Age 3 have, of course, incited the wrath of film critics
worried about a lack of creativity. Cinema-goers have also complained of
“sequelitis”. Such criticism may have been justified in the days when making
a sequel was a relatively lazy process but sequels are now produced in a more
thoughtful manner.
The Film Distributors’ Association is keen to argue that sequel mania does
still leave room for original stories. Slumdog Millionaire is one of the top
films of 2009 while The Full Monty remains one of the most successful
British films ever released. “With 500 films released in UK cinemas each
year, the blockbuster sequels tend to do well but there’s plenty of other choice
for film fans during the year,” says Batey.
© Guardian News & Media 2009
First published in The Observer, 08/11/09
3. Find words and phrases from the article that relate to ‘film’ and ‘finance’ and
write them in two columns. Write words that relate to both subjects in the third
column. Retell the article using all these words.
4. Discussion.
a) Do you like to watch sequels? Why / Why not?
b) Are there any stand-alone films that do not have a sequel but that you would
like to have a sequel?
Curiosity doesn't matter any more. These days people don't want to be transported
to emotional territories where they don't know how to react.
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Hector Babenko
I guess I think that films have to be made totally by fascists -- there's no room for
democracy in making film.
Don Alan Pennebaker
The movies today are too rich to have any room for genuine artists. They produce a
few passable craftsmen, but no artists. Can you imagine a Beethoven making $100,
000 a year?
H. L. Mencken (1880-1956)
There's only one thing that can kill the movies, and that's education.
Will Rogers
I pity the French Cinema because it has no money. I pity the American Cinema
because it has no ideas.
Jean-Luc Godard
I came out here with one suit and everybody said I looked like a bum. Twenty
years later Marlon Brando came out with only a sweatshirt and the town drooled
over him. That shows how much Hollywood has progressed.
Humphrey Bogart
A good film is when the price of the dinner, the theatre admission and the
babysitter were worth it.
Alfred Hitchcock
Every great film should seem new every time you see it.
Roger Ebert
Every single art form is involved in film, in a way.
Sydney Pollack
We often follow sentences like those above with an extra comment. Put the
words in order to make five common follow-up comments.
Spend three minutes thinking of your plans for the rest of today / tomorrow / this
weekend. Make sure you use at least two of the sentence starters from Activity 1
when you report your plans - even if you need to lie! Then have conversations
with some other students like this:
Continue each conversation until you have sorted out where and when to meet.
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TEST YOURSELF.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
p. 70
(Learn the words and phrases in V9.1 p. 133), a plot, nominate for an award/ an
Oscar, be awarded (an Oscar)
p. 71
be good at, be rewarded, get publicity, hold a ceremony, postpone, an assassination
attempt (on smb), keep smth secret, (mysteriously) vanish, in recognition of smth,
origin, confirm, a metal alloy, gold-plated, weigh, compete with, big-budget films
p. 72
(Learn the adjectives in V9.2 p133)
p. 73
gorgeous, classic films, an extra, walk out, reality TV programmes, a sad ending,
get to sleep
p. 75
a mixed reaction to, consumerism, (learn the words in V9.3 p133), a department
store, put on (an exhibition), throw smb out, handle emotions, unacceptable, feel
no guilt, span (15) years, offer smb counseling, be eroded (by the everyday
concerns of life), remains of smth, give smb financial backing for, have a change
of heart, end up doing smth, pour in, point out, (a) one-off
p. 77
a drama school, an audition, perform a speech, shop assistant
R9.2
Don’t get us started., You can say that again., Whatever makes you think that?
R9.3
Get time off work, be piled on top of one another, a load of rubbish, Say no more!,
rave reviews
R9.4
Give smth a try, feel up to doing smth, give smth a miss, go out for a meal, I’m
easy., It’s up to you., come to think of it, make up one’s mind, It’s all the same to
me., be better off doing smth, It’s pouring with rain., on second thoughts
31