CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is an extract of a plant sap and chlorophyll. It is a rich enzyme
solution full of microorganism such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast that invigorates plant and animal. FPJ
originates from Kimchi which is a Korean pickled dish made of vegetable with various seasoning in
which lactic acid bacteria grow in abundance and which enhances appetite and digestion. This is an
extract from Kimchi soup is also applied in farming to help plants grow healthy and strong. There are
tremendous population of microbes such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast on plant leaves. Similar to
making Kimchi the essence of plants can be extracted by using brown sugar (instead of salt) through
osmotic pressure. During the process of fermentation FPJ produces weak alcohol which dissolved
chlorophyll. FPJ is the fertilizer which allows to enhance their own potentials which consequently allows
them to grow robustly (Kimchi et al., 2016).

Fermented plant juice or bless green soup is made by fermenting plant parts in brown sugar
sprouts and baby fruits with high hormone concentration, full grown fruits, flower abundant, in honey,
and any plants with strong vigor are good ingredients. According to the study of fermented plant juice is
produce by the fermentation of plant leaves, young fruits and flowers. It contains plant growth hormones
and micronutrients that stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganism (Jensen et.al 2006).

In the Philippines, chicken broiler and egg production are the most progressive animal enterprises.
The poultry industries in fact began as a backyard enterprise but has shifted to the formation of very large
integrated contract farming operations. The broiler industry has grown due to consumer demand for
affordable poultry meat. Breeding for particular the weight of the breast muscle. Commercial broiler
chickens are breed to be very fast growing in order to gain weight quickly. Poultry meat production is fast
growing business worldwide. (Flachowsky et al., 2017).

In Bayawan City, the local farmers used Fish Amino Acid (FAA) for pechay (Brassica Rapa) and
eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). instead of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ).It is for this reason, that the
student-researchers would like to investigate the effect of Fermented Plant Juice as a growth enhancer to
broiler chicken.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of fermented plant juice as growth enhancer to
broiler chicken.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effect of fermented plant juice to the chicken in terms of:
1.1 animal weight;
1.2 animal height;
1.3 body diameter; and
1.4 body length?
2. What is the advantages and disadvantages of fermented plant juice according to their:
2.1 animal height;
2.2 animal weight;
2.3 body diameter; and
2.4 body length?
3. Is there a significant different between treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 when
classified according to:
3.1 animal height;
3.2 animal weight;
3.3 body diameter; and
3.4 body length?

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Bayawan City - through this study will help the people of Bayawan City to know encourage that

fermented plant juice is a good vitamins to broiler chicken.

Bayawan National High School - through this study would help the school to minimize financial

problem.

Department of Agriculture – This study will help by the Department of Agriculture in order to them by
sharing to the farmers who are willing to venture this learning enterprises.

Farmers - the study will help and encourage the farmers to use fermented plants juice in raising chickens.

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Future Researcher - the researcher discover new information about fermented plant juice as a growth

enhancer to broiler chicken and can use it in the future life.

Parents - this study would help to the parents for needs and for raising chicken.

Students - would help the students to solve this problem with shortage of money and financial stress.

Teachers - the result of this study will tell them the importance of open discussion about fermented plant

juice as a growth enhancer to broiler.

Definition of Terms

For more clarification and understanding of the study the following terms are operationally
defined:

Body Weight - a weight of the body of broiler chicken.

Broiler Chicken - a kind of chicken that already sell in the market after fourty five (45) days,

Entrepreneur – A person who manage a business.

Feeding Trough – A material made up of plastic in where you put the feeds.

Drinking Trough – A material made up of plastic in where you put the water.

Poultry House – A house for the chicken can be made in bamboo or wood.

Fermented Plant Juice - it is a type of concoction that made of swamp cabbage, sweet potato, banana

stalk and molasses were used to apply in broiler chicken as a vitamins.

Animal Height - a length of broiler chicken from backbone to foot.

Growth - the development of animals in terms of their body weight, height and physical appearance.

Plant - is use to make a fermented plant juice.

Bayawan National High School - the place where the study was conducted.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

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 The independent variables are treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3. In treatment 1, Fermented Plant
Juice (FPJ) compose of two (20) milliliter (ml) daily, the treatment 2 compose of two (2) milliliter (ml)
three (3) days interval and treatment 3 compose of two (2) milliliter (ml) five (5) days interval.

The dependent variable is the outcome and also depends on the independent variable. This variable
determines the different treatment as a growth enhancer to broiler chicken.

Table 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

EFFECTIVENESS OF FERMENED PLANT JUICE AS A GROWTH ENHANCER TO

BROILER CHICKEN

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Height
.
Treatment 1 – Daily (2ml) Weight

Treatment 2 – Three (3) days (2ml) Body diameter

Treatment 3 – Five (5) days (2ml) Body length

Result

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of fermented plant juice as a growth enhancer to
broiler chicken. There are 4 treatments that will be used in the study: Treatment 1 (A1) 2ml of fermented
plant juice daily, Treatment 2 (A2) 2 ml of fermented plant juice in 3 days interval, Treatment 3 (A3) 2 ml
of fermented plant juice in 5 days interval and treatment 4 (A4) in 7 days interval.

The study will be conducted at Bayawan National High School, Senior High School Bayawan
City. It study commence on August 2019 to October 2019.

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Review of Related Literature

Chickens given a Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) supplement were healthier and heavier after 45
days than those which were not given the treatment. Lito Reboldela and Maribel R. Raguindin used fresh
kangkong (swamp cabbage) and madre de cacao (gliricidia sepium) leaves in making FPJ. To test what
volume of FPJ in the birds’ diet was most effective in creating a substantial yield and income the students
tried different levels of concentration for FPJ in the drinking water of the birds. Reboldela and Raguindin
used 96 chicks of the Cobb broiler, separated into four groups of 24 chicks each. They fed the chicks “ad
libitum” (no limit) with the usual commercial starter feeds.

The difference lay in the composition of the water given to the birds to drink. The first group was
given Treatment 1, in which their drinking water was not mix with FPJ. These animals serve as the
control group. For Treatment 2,3 and 4, each liter of the birds’ drinking water was mixed with 20,40,and
60 millimeters (ml) of FPJ, respectively. The treatments lasted 45 days. The birds given treatment 3 (40
ml of FPJ per litter of drinking water) were heavier than those given the other treatments, although the
birds didn’t become voracious during duration of the experiment. These birds also had an average of 2
kilograms (kg), while those given other treatments weighted an average of 1.5 kg.

Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kagawa

ken, 761-0795, Japan. There were no differences among diets in the blood variables and carcass
characteristics, except for total visceral organ weight, increased in all experimental groups. 6. Most of the
intestinal villus heights, villus areas, epithelial cell areas and cell mitosis tended to increase with increase
in FPP concentrations; duodenal villus height and cell mitosis in the 2·0 and 4·0% dietary FPP groups,
and jejunal cell mitosis in all experimental groups were significantly increased. Compared with plot cells
on the villus apical surface in the 0% FPP group, all experimental groups had protuberant cells in all
intestinal parts. Hypertrophy of the villi and epithelial cells was observed in the present study, indicating
improved growth performance, especially in the 4.0% dietary FPP group. Furthermore, increased total
visceral organ weights suggested that FPP has no harmful effects on broilers.

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 Xiaolu Liu, Hai Yan, Le Lv, Qianqian Xu, Chunhua Yin, Keyi Zhang, Pei Wang, and Jiye Hu.A
feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and
meat quality of broilers. Nine hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental
groups with three replicate pens of 100 broiler chicks. Three treatments were i) control, ii) basal diets
supplemented with 1 ml of B. licheniformis for each in feed water per day iii) basal diets supplemented
with 2 ml of B. licheniformis per chick in feed water per day. The supplementation of B. licheniformis
significantly increased body weight in grower chickens, and significantly improved the feed conversion in
3 to 6 and 0 to 6 week feeding period compared with the control group.

Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid
oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. British Poultry Science 2002; 43:223-230. Average
live weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio relative to the periods of 1-21 and 1-42 days. The
absence of significant treatment effects, including of the treatment with antibiotic growth promoter,
indicates the lack of microbiological challenge or inactivity of the added substances or doses. Since
antimicrobials started to be used as growth promoters, researchers (Coates et al., 1952; White hair &
Thompson, 1956) working with broilers and swine, respectively, understood that the presence of an
important health challenge in the field was essential to reveal the significant effects of these products on
animal performance. ,

Solving the problems for both the industrial and the rural chickens is especially interesting since
chickens are a widespread food source around the globe. The United Nation’s Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) estimated that there were nearly 22 billion living chickens in 2012 [15]. This is the
equivalent of more than three chickens per person. In this study four different chicken breeds, with
growth rates between 30 and 60g/d, were used to plot a range in growth rate between the slow growing
scavenger chicken on one side and the fast growing industrial broiler chicken. Pauwels et.al (2014).

Fermented plant juice contains rich nutrients which can be easily absorbed by plants and bioactive
substances that stimulates plant growth.

The major problem of people is the foul odor in pig farms. In this problem can cause noxious
ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and this can lead to respiratory diseases. By using Fermented Plant Juice
(FPJ) as a microorganisms in Organic Deodorizer for Piggery Waste is beneficial because it will promote
healthy lifestyle because it is organic and friendly environment. It is effective to eliminate odor.

The treated with FPJ and FFJ produced early flowers and fruits to untreated plants due to the
enhanced production of auxin and essential nutrients. Total soluble solids were also observe to increase
after 10 weeks of FPJ and FFJ application. Photosynthesis rate increased in all treatments excepts T 3;

6
while transpiration rate increased only a T4 compared to control. The findings clearly suggested to use
both combinations as FPJ water spinach for enhancing the vegetative growth of tomato plants than FPJ
bamboo shoots T3 and T5, while FFJ pine apple for better reproductive development of tomato plants
rather than FFJ banana T5 for ensuring future sustainable eco-friendly agriculture practices.

Weaning piglets is the most critical stage in production. It is usually abrupt and stressful. Pigs
weaning are subjected to a combination of stress factors increase their susceptibility to diseases. This
factor include emotional changes due to separation from the sow and mixing with pigs from other litter
and moving to new facilities with different housing conditions (Puppe and Tuchscherer,1979). The
weaned piglets also lose their major source of nutrient and maternal protection. Post weaning pigs usually
suffer a growth check, which is a associated with a temporary reduction in voluntary feed intake and poor
energy and nitrogen digestibility. This is usually followed by no live weight change or even a slight
weight loss in week after weaning (Loh et al.,1999).

Post weaning diarrhea is another common problem in countered by piglets at weaning. The
affective herds may have a mortality greater than 25% and a morbidity greater than 80% (Svenden et
al.1974) , which cause great economic losses. The piglets were housed individually in metabolic cage and
randomly assigned to four groups with six piglets per group. The piglets were fed on basal diet without
(AF), basal diets with antibiotic (Ab),basal diet with 10% (w/w) fermented fruit (10%FF) and basal diet
with 20% (w/w) fermented fruit (20%FF). Faecal samples were taken directly from the rectum of each
piglets and cultured for Enterobactiriaceae and lactobacillus counts.

Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is made from plant leaves such mugworth, dropworth and
whatever grasses available. It is also made from thinned crop plants such as axillary buds and young
fruits. With crude sugar, juice of the plant is extracted and gets fermented. The liquid is applied to the
soil, plant leaves and animal bedding to fortify microbial activities. FPJ can be applied to fields to
accelerate soil microorganism activities, it can be applied to plant leaves fortify phyllosphere microbes.
Furthermore, FPJ is applied to animal bedding to encourage manure decomposition. Farmers sometimes
feed FPJ to weaken animals to strengthen microbial activities in gastrointestinal tracts.

The amount of material depends on the size of pot in which plants are packed. Without
washing. The researchers mix that picked plants with crude sugar gently and pack them fully in a ceramic
pot or equivalent such as a plastic pot. Put a stone or equivalent (approximately half to same weight as the
plant material) on the top of the material one day to get rid of air to avoid contamination. After the
researcher removed the stone, the material filled two third of the pot covered the mouth of the pot with the
sheet of paper and a piece of string. Kept the pot in a cool and dark place. In 5 to 15 days, the plant juice

7
was extracted by osmetic pressure and fermentation occurred in the pot. Plant color changed from green
to yellow or brown and smell sweet and alcoholic.

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:5 to
1:4. By mixing with water, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring and the proliferate and
produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of mixture. This reduction in pH
inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, in this low pH mixture is fed, it
reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and
Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility
of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow’s milk to
solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the
stomach as the first line of defends against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the
gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enter pathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to
pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing
pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use to fermented liquid feed in pigs diets will be
discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors
affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be
discussed including its effect on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in
the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance. However,
Gori et al. (2009). Found that Candida milleri and Kazachstania bulderi were the predominant yeast
species found in fermented liquid feed samples obtain from 40 Danish farms with an average contribution
of 58.4 and 17.5% to the total yeast account.

Two experiments were conducted. In expt. 1, a total of fifty-four pigs (LYD,56.141.7 kg) were
use for a feeding trial to determine the effect of wet feeding of a commercial-type diet without food waste
(FW). Treatment were dry (Control), wet (WF) and wet +dry feeding, the diet was mixed with water at a
ratio of 1.2.5 (feed water). A wet feed was given during the feeding performance.

Root fresh weights was the most responsive with an increment of 54% over the control,
followed by leaf area (50%plus), leaf fresh weight (48%plus) and leaf dry weight (46%plus). Height,
diameter, and stem dry weight were also 21%,29% and 45% higher (P<0.05) Than the control,
respectively. Leaf number, and stem fresh and dry weight were not significantly different between treated
plants and the control. Fermented fruit waste solution may be used as a foliar spray to promote growth of
leaf and root biomass in nursery seedlings, and may be a valuable fertilization resources in organic
agriculture after testing its effects on different crops under different conditions.

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 The poultry industry in the Philippines is one of the progressive animal industry sector with
its continues improvement in nutrition, breeding and management. The acceptance of chicken is widely
known throughout the world. The onset of development in the poultry industry has helped in the
development of three general type of chicken enterprises which are the broiler production, egg production
and raising replacement pullets. The broiler are fast growing and have meaty conformation. Broiler
chicken strains produce in the Philippines generally have white feathers and yellow shanks. The comb,
wattle and earlobes are red. Broilers are highly efficient converters of feedstuff to high quality animal
protein. The broiler are marketable nowadays in a period of 30 days or less. The meat of chicken is
becoming popular because of the notation that white meat is healthier compared to red meat. However,
the raising of broilers and other livestock became a concern these days because of the antibiotics
resistance.

According to this research a total of eighty (80) day old chicks were randomly distributed in
to five different treatments. The five (5)treatments used include the control wherein no mangosteen rind
powder or no commercial antioxidant is incorporated in the diet, commercial antioxidant incorporated in
the diet,33g of mangosteen rind powder.

The oil crisis of 2008 created a big stir in the agriculture sector mainly due to the escalating
prices of inorganic fertilizer. With prices of fertilizer tripled, farmers were force to look for alternative
sources of nutrients in which the Department of Agriculture or DA, although the bureau of Soils and
Water Management or BSWM responded with the Project on Rapid Composting as a part of the DA’s
National Organic Agriculture Program addressed mainly to rice farmers. The project involves training and
provision of shredders to facilitates farmers to produce their own organic fertilizers.

The Philippines’ Department of Agriculture has been promoting the production of High
Value Crops or HVCs in order for farmers to earn higher income. Instead of using inorganic fertilizers,
however, vegetable and fruit growers had been taught to use indigenous microorganisms or IMO and
fermented farm products as part of a nutrient management component base on the Korean Natural
Farming or KNF. This is a system of farming which has been practiced in over 30 countries. The methods
of preparing the common fermented farm inputs, particularly the Fermented Plant Juice or FPJ and the
Fermented Fruit Juice or FFJ. It likewise examine the variations in materials and processes and how these
organic fertilizers from farm wastes are used in different areas in the Philippines. The usual application
rate is 1-2 tbs/liter of water applied as soil drench or as foliar spray. The combination of the different
ingredients is based on the stage of plant growth. The KNFA recommends growth management on the
bases of the Nutrioperiodism theory, which was developed and advocated by a Japanese horticulturist,

9
Yasushi Inoue, in the 1930s. They emphasize the different nutritional requirements of crop plants at
different growth stages. In Bayawan City, the proportion of the different preparation is 60:30:10 ratios
depending on the stage of the plant. During vegetative stage, it is 60% FAA, 30% FPJ and 10%. During
the fruiting stage, it is 60% FPJ 10% FAA.

Cucumbers were successfully fermented and stored in the absence of sodium chloride (salt)
under laboratory conditions, provide the fruit were balanced 93min,77oC) before bringing in a calcium
acetate buffer and the brine inoculated with Lactobacillus planturum. Bloater formation was prevented
blanching even when brines were not purged of CO2 firmness of cucumbers was similar in salt free.
(Journal of Food Science, (H.P. FLEMING.L. C. Mc DONALD.R F Mc Feeters March (1995).

Based on the study of Motijo, Ray Jay, Estrella, Franzelle Gay G., Bella, Ma. Katrina Louisa T.
(2011), fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is made from plant leaves as mug worth, drop work and whatever
grasses available. It is also made from thinned crop plants such as axillary buds and young fruit with
crude sugar, juice of the plants is extracted and gets fermented. The liquid is applied to soil, plant leaves
and animals bedding to fortify microbial activities. Farmers sometimes feed FPJ to weakened animals
strengthen microbial activities in gastrointestinal tracts.

The different bio-fertilizer differed significantly in final plant height, air high,number of leaves,
care length, air diameter, weight of 1,000 seeds, per quadrant and computed. On the other hand there was
no significant difference on the number of rows per air, shelling recovery and drying recovery. In the
Philippines, corn along with rice is among the most important crops having about 14 million Filipinos
preferring white corn as their main staple. yellow corn on the other hand accounts for about 50 percent of
livestock next feed. Aside from the transport services, treders, processors and agricultural input supplier
who directly benefit from corn production, processing, marketing and distribution, there are about
600,000 farm house hold depending on corn.

Twenty-four day-old chicks were distributed to four groups containing three chicks each and
replicated twice. The control group was given commercial feeds and tap water from 0-42 days. The
treatment groups were designed as: a) T1: commercial feeds with liquid FPJ, b) T2: solid FPJ with tap
water and c) T3: solid FPJ and liquid FPJ. The significant relationship between the growth performance of
broilers and fermented plant juice used as feeds. It is then recommended that fermented plant juice out of
sweet potato shoots should be used and sold as a broiler feeds.

To avoid the scarcity of chicken meat and lower its market cost, but then, chickens were
badly affected by the onslaught of typhoons, nowadays. Due to this critical situation, the market price of
chicken meat and eggs, increases.

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 Broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a young chicken that is grown for its meat.
Broiler production are mostly prepared by the Filipino animal raisers because of its simple management
practices, short period of production, quick return of investment, and easy to market. Therefore, it is very
in demand in market industry and can be raised even in a small or large scale production.

The parts of plants used for this fermentation is shoot because it is this part that stores a high
percentage of nutrients coming from the soil and from the atmosphere. Moreover, plants use for FPJ are
those that are fast growing such that, if you cut the shoot now, regeneration of a new part will take effect
in a few hours.

Research Methodology

Research Design

This study uses experimental quantitative research design. There are four (4) treatment and
replicated into three (3). Treatment will indicate the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the
significance of treatments. This study will use Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using 4

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different treatment: 1 (A1) 2ml of fermented plant juice daily, Treatment 2 (A2) 2 ml of fermented plant
juice in 3 days interval, Treatment 3 (A3) 2 ml 0f fermented plant juice in 5 days interval and treatment 4
(A4) in 7 days interval.

T1 T2

(A1) 2ml of fermented plant (A2) 2 ml of fermented plant juice

juice daily in 3 days interval

T3 T4

(A3) 2 ml of fermented plant juice (A4) 2ml of fermented plant juice

in 5 days interval in 7 days interval

Figure 2: Randomized Completely Block Design

Materials:

The study will use the following: two (2) sacks of feeds; nine (9) pieces of feeding trough; nine (9)
pieces of broiler chicken; nine (9) pieces of drinking trough; twelve (12) pieces of medicine dropper and
weighing scale electric bulb (1 pcs.), saw, tape measure, hammer, nails and bamboo stick.

Table 3: Treatment and Treatment Combination

FPJ Interval of Application Treatment No.

A1 Daily T1
A2 3 days interval T2

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 A3 5 days interval T3
A4 7 days interval T4

Treatment will be replicated by 3 times with 2 representative of chicken production per treatment per
replication.

This study will be divided into three (3) block consist of four (4) treatments with two (2)
representative of broiler chicken per treatments.

Block I Block II Block III

A A A

1 2 4

A A A

2 3 1

A A A

3 4 2

A A A

4 1 3

Figure 4: Field Layout

Data Gathering
The study will be gathered by measuring the height, weight, length and body diameter of the
broiler chicken.
The data will be gathered are the following:

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1. Make a fence and buy a 12 pieces of broiler chicks.

2.
Getting the materials for making fermented plant juice.

3. Make Fermented Plant Juice(FPJ)

Use medicine dropper to feed the broiler with 2ml of Fermented Plant Juice(FPJ)
4.

5. Measure the body diameter, weight, height and length of broiler

6. Harvest the broiler chicken after 45 days

References
Bagasala, J. S. (2015). Natural Broiler Production: Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) . Agree In Agri.

Jeremar S.Casquejo, J. S. ( 2014-2015). FERMENTED PLANT JUICE (FPJ): ITS EFFECT ON THE
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER.

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Lokaewmanee, K. (2012). Effects of Fermented Plant Product of Growth Performance, some Blood
Variables, Carcass Characteristics and Intestinal Histology in Broilers.
Nathaniel Llamelo, S. P. (2016). Effect of Different Bio-Fertelizers Applied as Supplemental Foliar Spray
on the Growth and Yield ff Corn (Zea Mays L.). Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research, 125.
Raguindin, L. R. (2010). Fermented Plant Juice can also Provide Vitamins and Probiotics. 1..
Xiaolu Liu, H. Y. (n.d.). Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken supplemented
Bacillus Lichenformis in Dringking Water.

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