REDOX

Reaction

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
4th Quarter
FOREWORD
Rust is the insistent enemy of iron in ships or other structures. The
formation of rust from the corrosion of iron costs billions of pesos yearly
for replacement of damaged structures and parts or for protection
of exposed metal through coatings and paints. In the reaction, iron
metal gives up electrons to oxygen from the air and forms a brown
flaky substance.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify reduced and oxidized elements
2. Balance redox reactions using oxidation number method

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. Define oxidation and reduction reactions (STEM_GC11AB-IVf-g-169)
2. Balance redox reactions using the change in oxidation number
method (STEM_GC11AB-IVf-g-170)
 What happened?
1. What happens to the compounds in the material
when it undergoes combustion?
2. What are the effects of rust in many companies that
depends mostly in metal substances? Why does it
happen?
3. When a living organism decays what are the factors
affecting it speeding up the process? Is it possible to
stop the decaying process?

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Oxidation and Reduction Reaction

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

An oxidation reduction (redox) reaction happens when electrons are

transferred between atoms. A loss of electrons is called oxidation, and
we say that atom has become oxidized. A gain of electrons is called
reduction, and we say that the atoms has become reduced.

Note: Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are electrically neutral atoms on their own. When redox
reaction takes place Sodium (Na) loses an electron while Chlorine (Cl) gains an electron. The two
atoms will stick together because of their opposite charges.

The two separate parts (oxidation and reduction) of an oxidation

reduction (redox) reaction are called half reactions. Two half reactions
can be put together to make the whole reaction.
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 Oxidation:
Sodium (Na) is being oxidized. It is losing an electron.

Reduction:
Chlorine (Cl) is being reduced. It is gaining an electron.

Oxidation numbers are numbers that can be written above atoms to

show whether they are gaining or losing electrons.

0 0 +1 -1
Na + Cl →Na+ +Cl-

The oxidation number method is a way of keeping track of electrons

when balancing redox equations. The general idea is that electrons
are transferred between charged atoms.

Here’s how the oxidation number method works for a very simple
equation that you could probably balance in your head.

Step 1. Identify the atoms that change oxidation number

Left hand side: Zn = 0; H = +1; Cl = -1

Right hand side: Zn = +2; Cl = -1; H = +1

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 The changes in oxidation number are:
Zn: 0 → +2; Change = +2
H: +1 → 0; Change = -1

Step 2. Equalize the changes in oxidation number

Each Zn atom has lost two electrons, and each H atom has gained one electron.
You need 2 atoms of H for every 1 atom of Zn. This gives us total changes of +2 and -2.

Step 3. Insert coefficients to get these numbers

The balanced equation is

ACTIVITY NO. 1

Identify the species or elements being oxidized and reduced in

each of the following reactions:

1. Cr+ + Sn4+ → Cr3++ Sn2+

Oxidized: ________ Reduced: ____________

2. Hg2+ + 2Fe(s) → 3Hg2+ 2Fe3+

Oxidized: ________ Reduced: ____________

3 2As(s)+ 3Cl2 (g) → 2AsCl3

Oxidized: ________ Reduced: ____________

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ACTIVITY NO. 2

Determine the oxidation number of the elements in each of the

following compounds
H2CO3
H: _______
O: _______
C: _______
N2
N: _______
Zn(OH)42-
Zn: ______
H: _______
O: _______

ACTIVITY NO. 3
Would you use an oxidizing agent or reducing agent in order for
the following reactions to occur?

1. ClO3 →ClO2 ____________________

2. SO42- → S2- ____________________

3. Mn2+ → MnO2 ____________________

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 WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED

Write balanced equations for the following redox reactions using

the oxidation number method:

1. NaBr + Cl2 → NaCl + Br2
Answer: __________________________________

2. Fe2O3 + CO→Fe + CO2

Answer: __________________________________

3. CO + I2O5 → CO2+I_2
Answer: __________________________________

LESSON SUMMARY

• Oxidation state shows the total number of electrons which have been
removed from an element (a positive oxidation state) or added to an
element (a negative oxidation state) to get to its present state.
• Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation state
• Reduction involves a decrease in oxidation state
• Recognising this simple pattern is the single most important thing about
the concept of oxidation states. If you know how the oxidation state of
an element changes during a reaction, you can instantly tell whether it
is being oxidised or reduced without having to work in terms of electron-
half-equations and electron transfers. We can identify redox reactions
by checking for changes in oxidation number.
• Redox reactions can be split into oxidation and reduction half-reactions.
We can use the half-reaction method to balance redox reactions, which
requires that both mass and charge are balanced. Three common
types of redox reactions are combustion, disproportionation, and single
replacement reactions.

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 ENRICHMENT EXERCISES

Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What happens when electrons are transferred between atoms?

A. Oxidation – Reduction Reaction
B. Combination Reaction
C. Single Replacement Reaction
D. Decomposition Reaction

2. What happens if an atom loses an electron?

A. Reduction
B. Oxidation
C. Decomposition
D. Combination

3. The two separate parts (oxidation and reduction) of an

oxidation reduction (redox) reaction are called _______.
A. Combination Reaction
B. Double Reaction
C. Half Reaction
D. Divide Reaction

4. What are the numbers that can be written above atoms to show
whether they are gaining or losing electrons?
A. Reactants
B. Products
C. Oxidation Number
D. Reaction Number

5. It is a way of keeping track of electrons when balancing redox

equations.
A. Oxidation Number Method
B. Half Reaction Technique
C. Oxidant Analysis
D. Reducing Analysis

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 KEY TO CORRECTION

Activity 1:
1. A combustion reaction is a reaction that occurs when a substance reacts
with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light. For example,
the explosion inside a rocket ship the combination of ammonium
perchlorate and powdered aluminum gives rise to oxidation-reduction
reaction.
2. The formation of rust from the corrosion of iron costs billions of pesos yearly
for replacement of damaged structures and parts or for protection of
exposed metal through coatings and paints
3. When a plant or animal dies, the organic compounds of which it is
composed begin to react with oxygen. It starts to decay and the redox
reaction happening speeds up the process.

Activity 2: Enrichment Exercises

1. Oxidized: Cr+ Reduced: Sn4+ 1. A
2. Oxidized: Fe Reduced: Hg2+ 2. B
3. Oxidized: As Reduced: Cl2 3. C
4. C
Activity 3: 5. A
1. H2CO3, H: +1, O: -2, C: +4
2. N2, N: 0
3. Zn(OH)42-, Zn: 2+, H: +1, O: -2

Activity 4:
1. ClO3- → ClO2 reducing agent
2. SO42- → S2- reducing agent
3. Mn^(2+) → MnO_2 oxidizing agent

What have you learned?

1. 2NaBr + Cl2 → 2NaCl + Br2
2. Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
3. 5CO + I2O5→5CO2+ I2

References:

https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-oxidation-number-method
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/Plink/redoxkey.htm
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/redox-reaction.html
Chemistry, Phoenix Publishing House, pp. 160 - 180

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 This material was contextualized by the
Department of Education
Schools Division of Bulacan
Learning Resource Management and Development Center
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial School

JOHN RESSURECION P. BRUSOLA

Writer

ERSAN A. RESURRECCION
Layout Artist

MARINELLA GARCIA-SY, Ph.D.

Education Program Supervisor - Science

RAINELDA M. BLANCO, Ph.D.

Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS Supervisor

AGNES R. BERNARDO, Ph.D.

Education Program Supervisor - ADM Focal Person

JERRY DIMLA CRUZ, Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendednt

ZENIA G. MOSTOLES, Ed.D., CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent