S 4

COURSE HANDOUT
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
SEMESTER 4
Period: February 2017 – May 2017

RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Vision of the Institution:
To evolve into a premier technological and research institution, moulding

eminent professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and sound
practical skill, and to shape a future where technology works for the
enrichment of mankind.
Mission of the Institution:
To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to individuals in various

technological disciplines and to inculcate in them a high degree of social
consciousness and human values, thereby enabling them to face the
challenges of life with courage and conviction.
Vision of the Department:
To excel in Electrical and Electronics Engineering education with focus on

research to make professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and
practical skills for the betterment of mankind.
Mission of the Department:
To develop and disseminate among the individuals, the theoretical

foundation, practical aspects in the field of Electrical and Electronics
ii
Engineering and inculcate a high degree of professional and social ethics
for creating successful engineers.
Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):
PEO 1: To provide Graduates with a solid foundation in mathematical,

scientific and engineering fundamentals and depth and breadth studies in
Electrical and Electronics engineering, so as to comprehend, analyse,
design, provide solutions for practical issues in engineering.
PEO 2: To strive for Graduates’ achievement and success in the profession

or higher studies, which they may pursue.
PEO 3: To inculcate in Graduates professional and ethical attitude, effective

communication skills, teamwork skills, multidisciplinary approach, the life-
long learning needs and an ability to relate engineering issues for a
successful professional career.
Program Outcomes (POs)
Engineering Students will be able to
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,

science, Engineering fundamentals, and Electrical and Electronics
Engineering to the solution of complex Engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature,
and analyze complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and Engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex
Engineering problems and design system components or processes
that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
iii
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments,
analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information
to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools
including prediction and modeling to complex Engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and
cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional Engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the
professional Engineering solutions in societal and environmental
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and the need for
sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics
and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual,
and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary
settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineering
activities with the Engineering Community and with society at large,
such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the Engineering and management principles and
apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.
12. Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- long
learning in the broadest context of technological change.
iv
Programme-Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
Engineering Students will be able to:
PSO1: Apply the knowledge of Power electronics and electric drives for the
analysis design and application of innovative, dynamic and challenging
industrial environment.
PSO2: Explore the technical knowledge and development of professional

methodologies in grid interconnected systems for the implementation of
micro grid technology in the area of distributed power system.
PSO3: Understand the technologies like Bio inspired algorithms in

collaboration with control system tools for the professional development
and gain sufficient competence to solve present problems in the area of
intelligent machine control.
v
INDEX PAGE
NO.
1 Assignment Schedule vii
2 EE 202 Synchronous & Induction Machines 1
2.1 Course Information Sheet 2
2.2 Course Plan 8
2.3 Tutorials 12
2.4 Assignments 33
3 EE 204 Digital Electronics & Logic Design 35
3.2 Course Plan 42
3.3 Tutorials 45
3.4 Assignments 52
4 EE 206 Material Science 53
4.2 Course Plan 59
5 EE 208 Measurements & Instrumentation 62
5.2 Course Plan 68
5.3 Tutorials 71
5.4 Assignments 76
6 HS 200 Business Economics 77
6.2 Course Plan 84
6.3 Assignments 85
7 EE 232 Electrical Machines Lab I 87
7.2 Course Plan 93
7.3 Lab Cycle 95
7.4 Open Questions 96
8 EE 234 Circuits & Measurements Lab 100
8.2 Course Plan 105
8.3 Lab Cycle 106
8.4 Open Questions 107
8.5 Advanced Questions 112
vi
ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE
SUBJECT DATE
Week1
MA202 Probability distributions, Transforms and Numerical Methods
Week 7
Week 2
EE 202 Synchronous & Induction Machines
Week 8
Week 3
EE 204 Digital Electronics & Logic Design

Week 9
Week 4
EE 206 Material Science
Week 10
Week 5
EE 208 Measurements & Instrumentation
Week 11
Week 6
HS 200 Business Economics
Week 12
vii
Course Handout
2. EE 202 SYNCHRONOUS & INDUCTION MACHINES
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Page 1

Course Handout
2.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics DEGREE: BTECH
Engg.
COURSE: Synchronous and Induction SEMESTER:4 CREDITS: 4
Machines
COURSE CODE: EE202 COURSE TYPE: Core
REGULATION: UG
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical & CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial)
Electronics Engg. hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF LAB COURSE NAME: Electrical Machines
ANY): EE 333 Lab II
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Alternators - basic principle, constructional features of salient pole type 9
and cylindrical type alternators, advantages of stationary armature,
turbo-alternator. Armature winding - types of armature winding- single
layer, double layer, full pitched and short pitched winding, slot angle,
pitch factor and distribution factor - numerical problems. Effect of pitch
factor on harmonics - advantages of short chorded winding, EMF
Equation – numerical problems. Harmonics in generated EMF -
suppression of harmonics.
II Performance of an alternator - Causes for voltage drop in alternators – 11
armature resistance, armature leakage reactance - armature reaction,
synchronous reactance, synchronous impedance, experimental
determination - phasor diagram of a loaded alternator. Voltage regulation
- EMF, MMF, ZPF and ASA methods – numerical problems.
III Theory of salient pole machine - Blondel’s two reaction theory - direct 10
axis and quadrature axis synchronous reactances - phasor diagram and
determination of Xd and Xq by slip test.
Parallel operation of alternators - necessity of parallel operation of
alternators, methods of synchronization - dark lamp method and bright
lamp method, synchroscope, Synchronising current, synchronising
power, synchronising torque. Effects of changing excitation of
alternators, load sharing of two alternators in parallel operation.
IV Synchronous motor - construction and principle of synchronous motor, 16
methods of starting. Effects of excitation on armature current and power
factor, v-curve and inverter v-curve, load angle, torque and power
relationship, phasor diagram, losses and efficiency calculations.
Three phase induction motor - constructional features, slip ring and
cage types. Theory of induction motor with constant mutual flux, slip,
phasor diagram, expression for mechanical power and torque, torque-slip
characteristics, starting torque, full load and pull out torque, equivalent
Course Handout
circuit.
V Circle diagrams - tests on induction motors for 14
determination of equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Cogging,
crawling and noise production in cage motors - remedial measures.
Double cage induction motor - principle, torque-slip curves.
Starting of induction motors - types of starters – DOL starter,
autotransformer starter, star-delta starter, rotor resistance starter –
starting torque and starting current - numerical problems.
Braking of induction motors - plugging, dynamic braking and
regenerative braking (no numerical problems).
Speed control - stator voltage control, V/f control, rotor resistance
control.
VI Induction generator - principle of operation, grid connected and 7
self excited operation, comparison of induction generator with
synchronous generators.
Synchronous induction motor - principle of operation.
Single-phase induction motor - double field revolving theory,
equivalent circuit, torque slip curve. Types of single phase induction
motor - split phase, capacitor start, capacitor start and run types.
Principle of shaded pole motor – applications.
TOTAL HOURS 67
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T Electrical Machines: P. S. Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
T Theory of AC Machines: D. P. Kothari & I. J. Nagrath, Tata McGraw Hill
R The performance and Design of AC Machines: M.G. Say, CBS Publishers
R Fitzgerald A. E., C. Kingsley and S. Umans, Electric Machinery, 6/e, McGraw Hill,
2003.
R Theory of Alternating Current Machinery: Alexander Langsdorf, Tata Mgraw Hill
R Deshpande M. V., Electrical Machines, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 2011.
R Charles I. Hubert, Electric Machines, Pearson, New Delhi 2007
R Theodore Wilde, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power System, Pearson Ed. Asia
2001.
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
BE 101-03 Introduction to Electrical Basics of Electrical Engineering 1
Engineering
EE205 DC Machines and Fundamentals of DC Machines and Static 3
Transformers AC Machines

Course Handout
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To give exposure to the students about the concepts of alternating current machines
including the Constructional details, principle of operation and performance analysis.
2 To learn the characteristics of induction machines and to learn how it can be employed for
various applications.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Sl. DESCRIPTION Blooms’
NO: Taxonomy
Level
1 Students will be able to differentiate the different types of Comprehension
Synchronous machines and types of AC armature windings. [level 2]
2 Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge on importance of Synthesis
Voltage regulation of Alternators and how to pre-determine the [Level 5]
voltage regulation of Synchronous machines in laboratory.
3 Students will be able to acquire knowledge on how Alternators can Knowledge
be paralleled to Infinite bus and how loads can be shared. [Level 1]
4 Students will be able to understand all about Synchronous Motors Application
and applications of various starting methods. Students will be able to [Level 3]
differentiate the different types of Induction machines
5 Ability to analyse the performance of induction machines inorder to Analysis
implement in household and industrial applications. [Level 4]
6 Will acquire knowledge on performance characteristics of Comprehension
synchronous induction motors relating the features of synchronous [level 2]
machines and induction machines. Ability to differentiate different
types of single phase Induction motors
MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3
C 202.1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2
C 202. 2 2 2 2 2 3

Course Handout
C 202. 3 1 2 1 2
C 202. 4 2 1 1 1 2
C 202. 5 2 1 2 2
C 202. 6 2 1 2 2
EE 202 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

Mapping L/H Justification
/M
C202.1-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,
science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different types
of Synchronous machines and types of AC armature windings.
C202.1-PO2 M Students will be able to analyze complex engineering problems
using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
Engineering sciences.
C202.1-PO3 M Students will acquire knowledge on the design solutions for
complex Engineering problems and design system of Alternators
that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
safety and environmental considerations.
C202.1-PO10 H Students will be able to make effective presentation on the given

topic.
C202.1-PO11 M Students will get an initiation on the study and understanding of the
Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s
own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects
and in multi disciplinary environments.
C202.1-PO12 L Students will get an initiation to recognize the need for, and have
the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- long
C202.2-PO1 M Students will be able apply the knowledge of mathematics for the
solution of issues related to voltage regulation and losses.
C202.2-PO2 M Students will be able to analyze complex problems related to losses
and efficiency.
C202.2-PO3 M Students will acquire knowledge on the design solutions for
complex Engineering problems related to parallel operation of
Alternators that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for safety and environmental considerations.
C202.2-PO4 M Students will be able to analyze and interpret data in the area of
voltage regulation of both Non-Salient and Salient pole Alterntors.
C202.3-PO5 L Students will be able to select, and apply appropriate techniques

Course Handout
and modern engineering and IT tools for the paralleling operation

of Alternators to infinite bus.
C202.3-PO11 M Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the Engineering and management principles and apply these to
one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage any
issues related to load sharing.
C202.3-PO12 L Students will be able to recognize the need for, and have the
of Induction & Synchronous Motors and different types of starting
methods.
C202.4-PO3 L Student will acquire knowledge on the design solutions for
complex Engineering problems and design system of Synchronous
Motors that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration
for the safety and environmental considerations.
C202.4-PO5 L Student will be able to select and apply appropriate techniques and
modern engineering and IT tools for the starting operation of
Synchronous Motors.
C202.4-PO12 L Student will be able to recognize the need for, and have the
learning in the broadest context of technological change in starting
methods of Synchronous Motors.
of Induction machines, starting and braking schemes.
C202.5-PO8 L Students will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
Engineering practice.

of Synchronous Induction motors & Single phase Induction motors
C202.6-PO8 L Students will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
Engineering practice.
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION

REQUIREMENTS:
Sl. NO: DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Excitation schemes for Alternators. Visit to Power stations,
Book on Power System

Course Handout
stability – Vol 3 E.W.

Kimbark
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY

VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL Etc.
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Saturated Synchronous reactance method of Voltage regulation
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

1 http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_II July 2012
2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
3 http://www.vlab.co.in
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
 CHALK & TALK  STUD.  WEB
ASSIGNMENT RESOURCES
 LCD/SMART  STUD. ☐ ADD-ON
BOARDS SEMINARS COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
 ASSIGNMENTS  STUD.  TESTS/MODEL  UNIV.
SEMINARS EXAMS EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR ☐
PRACTICES PROJECTS CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON ☐ OTHERS
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
 ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES  STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR ☐ OTHERS
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
Prepared By Approved by
Ms. Jayasri R. Nair Ms. Santhi B.
HOD

Course Handout
2.2 COURSE PLAN
SlNo. Module I Planned
1 2/2/2017 Synchronous Machine: Introduction, Types – Turbo alternators,

Rotating Field & Rotating Armature types
2 3/2/2017 Constructional features of Non Salient pole and Salient pole machines,
Advantages of stationary armature
3 6/2/2017 Basic Principle/Voltage generation, Expression for frequency, Armature

winding - Terms upto Electrical Degree
4 6/2/2017 Armature winding – Terms – phase grouping – Single and Double

layer, Full pitched & Short pitched, slot angle, Coil span factor
5 7/2/2017 Distribution factor, Tutorials
6 8/2/2017 Winding factor, e.m.f equation &. Tutorials Armature winding –

Features, Types
7 10/2/2017 e.m.f equation &. Tutorials
8 10/2/2017 Harmonics in generated e.m.f wave, Effect of pitch factor on

harmonics, Advantages of short pitch winding
9 13/2/2017 Suppression of harmonics, Tutorials
10 14/2/2017 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-

load, Alternator on load
11 15/2/2017 Armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction - upf, lag &
lead
12 14/2/2017 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-

load, Alternator on load
13 15/2/2017 Armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction - upf, lag &
lead
14 17/2/2017 Synchronous reactance, Synchronous impedance, phasor diagram of a

loaded alternator.
15 20/2/2017 Voltage Regulation - Load & Regulation Characteristics – direct

Course Handout
method.
16 20/2/2017 Indirect test - predetermination – e.m.f. method
17 21/2/2017 Tutorials on e.m.f. method
18 22/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – m.m.f & tutorials.
19 27/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – Potier method & phasor diagram.
20 27/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – ASA Method
21 28/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – Tutorials on Potier & ASA method
22 01/3/2017 Tutorials on Voltage Regulation
23 03/03/2017 Theory of Salient Pole machine and Two-reaction theory
24 06/03/2017 Slip test – measurement of Xd, Xq
25 06/03/2017 Phasor diagram, Tutorials on Slip test, pu system
26 07/03/2017 Parallel operation of Alternators, Necessity, methods for

synchronization – three dark lamp method
27 08/03/2017 Methods for synchronization – two bright & one dark lamp method,
Synchroscope
28 10/03/2017 Synchronizing current, Synchronizing power and torque
29 13/03/2017 Load sharing, Expression for load sharing.
30 13/03/2017 Load sharing - Tutorials
31 14/03/2017 Synchronous machines connected to infinite bus
32 15/03/2017 V-curves – inverted V-curves - Alternator
33 17/03/2017 Synchronous Motor: Introduction & Principles of operation
34 20/03/2017 Starting of Synchronous motors – using SCIM, Pilot exciter.
35 20/03/2017 V-curves & inverted V curves – Synchronous Motor
36 21/03/2017 Load angle, Expression for Power Pm, (Pm) max, Tutorials
37 22/03/2017 Phasor diagrams – Salient & Non salient Motor

Course Handout
38 24/03/2017 Losses and efficiency of synchronous machines & Tutorials
39 27/03/2017 Three phase Induction Motor: Introduction, Advantages,

Construction – Stator Parts
40 27/03/2017 3 Phase IM - Rotor types, Comparison, Symbolic representation
41 28/03/2017 3 Phase IM- Theory of induction motor with constant mutual flux,
Expression for N, slip
42 29/03/2017 Expression for E2 & E2s, Rotor current, frequency of rotor current,
Tutorials
43 31/03/2017 Phasor diagram, expression for mechanical power and Losses and
Efficiency
44 03/04/2017 Expression for Torque, Tutorials on Tdfl to Tdmax
45 03/04/2017 Torque – slip chara, - SQIM & SRIM, pull out torque
46 04/04/2017 Staring torque – SQIM & SRIM , Tutorials on starting torque & power
47 05/04/2017 Equivalent circuit- performance calculation – Power developed
48 07/04/2017 Tutorials
49 10/04/2017 Testing – Stator resistance and locked rotor tests
50 10/04/2017 No load Test, Circle diagram Introduction
51 11/04/2017 Circle diagram – operating characteristics from circle diagram
52 12/04/2017 Tutorials on Circle diagram
53 17/04/2017 Cogging and crawling, Remedial measures, Modes of Operation
54 18/04/2017 Double cage induction motor - principle, torque-slip curves
55 19/04/2017 Starting of three phase squirrel cage induction motor – Direct online
starting & Stator resistance method
56 21/04/2017 Starting - Auto transformer & Star-delta starting
57 24/04/2017 Starting -Rotor resistance starter & Design of rotor rheostat
58 24/04/2017 Tutorials on Starting methods

Course Handout
59 25/04/2017 Braking of induction motors – plugging, dynamic braking and

regenerative braking (no numerical problems)
60 26/04/2017 Speed control - stator voltage control, V/f control
61 28/04/2017 Speed control - rotor resistance contro, tutorials on Speed control
62 02/05/2017 Assignment Test
63 03/05/2017 Induction generator - principle of operation, grid connected IG
64 05/05/2017 Induction generator - self excited operation, comparison of induction

generator with synchronous generators.
65 08/05/2017 Synchronous induction motor - principle of operation
66 08/05/2017 Single phase Induction motor – Introduction + Types - Split phase

resistance start, Capacitor start-capacitor run & PSC start
67 09/05/2017 Starting methods – Shaded pole motors, Double Revolving field theory
68 10/05/2017 Equivalent circuit
69 12/05/2017 Single phase Induction motor – Tutorials

Course Handout
2.3 TUTORIALS
MODULE I
1. A 4 pole AC machine has a 3 phase winding wound in 36 slots with coil span 140 0E.
Compute the (i) pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor.
2. Find (i) pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor for a 3 phase 6 pole AC
machine with 72 slots. The coil span is 1 to 10 slots.
3. A 3 phase winding for a 4 pole machine was carried out in 60 slots. The coils are
short pitched. i.e. if one coil side lies in slot 1, the other side of the same coil lies in
slot 13. Calculate the winding factor for (i) fundamental (ii) third harmonic and (iii)
fifth harmonic frequency waveform.
4. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz
alternator with 3 slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is
1400E. Flux per pole is 0.06Wb.
5. Find the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternator
with 2 slots/pole/phase and 4 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is 150 0E.
Flux per pole is 0.15Wb.
6. Find the number of armature conductors in series for a 11kV, 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz
alternator with 90 slots. Flux per pole is 0.1016Wb.
7. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10
con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.04Wb, sinusoidally distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m.
Find the frequency, phase and line e.m.f.
8. A 3 phase 4 pole, 50Hz, Y connected alternator has 60 slots with 2 con/slot and
having an armature winding of double layer type. Coils are short pitched, i.e if one
coil lies in slot 1, the other side in slot 13. Find the useful flux/pole required to induce
a line voltage of 6.6kV.
1400E. Flux per pole has a fundamental component of 0.06wb and a 20% third
harmonic component.
10. A 3 phase, Y connected alternator on open circuit is required to generate a line
voltage of 3.4kV, 50Hz when driven at 500 rpm. The stator has 3 slots/pole/phase and
10 con/slot. The coils are short pitched by one slot. Calculate (i) no: of poles (ii)
useful flux/pole.
11. Calculate the speed & open circuit line and phase voltages of a 4 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz
star connected alternator with 36 slots, 30 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is
0.05 Wb sinusoidally distributed.
1400E. Flux per pole has a fundamental component of 0.06wb and a 20% third
harmonic component.
13. A 3 phase, 16 pole, Y connected Alternator has 240 stator slots with 8 conductors per
slot and the conductor of each phase is connected in series. The coil span is 144 0E.
Determine the phase and line e.m.f’s if the machine speed is at 375 r.p.m. and the flux
per pole is 0.061Wb sinusoidally distributed in the air gap.

Course Handout
14. A 3 phase, 6 pole, Y connected alternator revolves at 1000 r.p.m. The stator has 90
slots and 8 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05Wb (sinusoidally distributed).
Calculate the voltage generated by the machine if the winding factor is 0.96.
15. A 3 phase, 16 pole alternator has a resultant airgap flux of 0.06 Wb per pole. The flux
is sinusoidally distributed over the pole. The stator has 2 slots per pole per phase and
4 conductors per slot accommodated in two layers. The coil span is 150 0E. Calculate
the phase and line induced voltages when the machine runs at 375 r.p.m.
16. A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 2 pole, Y connected alternator has 54 slots with 4 conductors per
slot. The pitch of the coils is 2 slots less than the pole pitch. If the machine gives
3300V between lines on open circuit with sinusoidal flux distribution, determine the
useful flux per pole.
17. A 4 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz, Y connected alternator has 60 slots, with 2 conductors per
slot and having armature winding of the two layer type. Coils are short pitched in such
a way that if one coil side lies in slot number 1, the other lies in slot number 13.
Determine the useful flux per pole required to generate a line voltage of 6000V.
18. Find the mechanical and electrical degrees between adjacent poles in a 6 pole
electrical machine.
19. Find the mechanical and electrical degrees between adjacent slots for a 4 pole
machine with 36 slots.
con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.03Wb, fine distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m. Find the
frequency, phase and line e.m.f.
21. The stator of a 3 phase, 16 pole alternator has 144 slots and there are 4 conductors per
slot connected in two layers and the conductors of each phase are connected in series.
If the speed of the alternator is 375 rpm, calculate the emf generated per phase.
Resultant flux in the air gap is 5x10-2 Webers / pole sinusoidally distributed. Assume
coil span 1500.
22. A poly phase stator is wound for 4 poles and has a double layer winding placed in
total of 48 slots. Find the distribution factor.
23. A three phase, 8 pole, 750 rpm star connected alternator has 72 slots on the armature.
Each slot has 12 conductors and the winding is short pitched by 2 slots. Find the pitch,
distribution and winding factor.
24. Calculate the e.m.f. of a 4 pole, 3 phase, Y connected alternator running at 1500 rpm,
flux per pole 0.1 Wb, total no: of slots = 48, conductors per slot (in two layers) = 4,
coil span = 1500.
25. A polyphase stator is wound for 4 poles and has a double layer winding placed in total
of 48 slots. Find the distribution factor.
con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.035Wb, sinusoidally distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m.
Find the generated e.m.f. assuming full pitched winding.
27. A 3 phase, 50Hz, 10 pole star connected alternator has 2 slots/pole/phase and 4
conductors per slot in two layers. The coil span is 1500E. Flux per pole has a
fundamental component of 0.12 Wb and a 20% third harmonic component. Find the
line e.m.f. generated.

Course Handout
MODULE 2
1. The magnetization curve of a 400V, 50Hz, star connected non-salient pole alternator
is given by the following data.
IF (A): 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
OC Volt (V): 266 344 377 422 450 481 505
The rated current of 100A is obtained on short circuit by a field current of 2A.
Calculate the full load regulation at 0.8 p.f lagging. Neglect armature resistance.
Use synchronous impedance method.
2. A 3.3kV alternator gave the following test results.
IF (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70
OC Volt (kV): 1.55 2.45 3.3 3.75 4.15
A field current of 18A is found to cause the FL current to flow through the winding
during short circuit. Pre-determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag and lead by
m.m.f method.
3. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2000V, 50Hz alternator gave the following test
results.
IF (A): 10 20 30 40 50
OC Volt (V): 800 1500 2000 2350 2600
SC (A) - 200 300 - -
The effective armature resistance is 0.4Ω. Estimate the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f
lag and lead by ampere-turn method.
4. The no-load excitation of a non-salient pole alternator required to give rated voltage is
90A. In a short circuit test, with full load current flowing in the armature, the field
excitation was 70A. Determine the excitation that will be required to give full load
current at 0.8 p.f lag at rated voltage.
5. From the following test results, determine the voltage regulation of a 2000V, 1φ
alternator delivering a load current of 100A, at 0.8p.f leading. Test results: An
excitation of 2.5A produces a current of 100A in the stator winding on short circuit
and an e.m.f of 500V on open circuit. Assume Ra=0.8Ω.
6. A 1000kVA, 11kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 2 Ω

per phase. The OCC and z.p.f lag characteristics for FL current are given below. Pre-
determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag by z.p.f method.

Course Handout
IF (A) : 20 25 55 70 90
OC Volt (kV) : 5.8 7 12.5 13.75 15
V (kV) for zpf: 0 1.5 8.5 10.5 12.5
7. A 3 phase Y connected, 1500kVA, 6.6kV, 50Hz alternator has synchronous

impedance of (0.4+j6) Ω per phase. It supplies rated current at 0.8 pf lag and normal
rated voltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at
0.8p.f leading.
8. A 500V, 50kVA, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.2 Ω

per phase. A field current of 10A produces an armature current of 150A on SC and an
e.m.f of 450V on OC. Calculate the voltage regulation at 85% load, 0.8 p.f lag.
9. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test
results at normal speed.
IF (A) : 10 20 25 30 40
OC Volt (V) : 800 1500 1760 2000 2350
With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 20A to circulate 200A.
Ra=0.755 Ω per phase. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and
u.p.f.
10. A 3 phase Y connected, 2000kVA, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test
results at normal speed.
IF (A) : 14 18 23 30 43
OC Volt (V) : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 16A to circulate FL current.
Ra=1.5Ω across 2 terminals. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead
and u.p.f.
11. A 3 phase Y connected, alternator required a field current of 4A to give an OC voltage

of 415V. A field current of 3A gives a current of 100A in the armature on SC. Find
the field current when the machine supplies a load of 415V, 80A at a lagging p.f of
0.8. Assume both OCC and SCC to be linear through the origin.
Ra=0.2Ωper phase.

Course Handout
12. A 5000kVA, 6.6kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of

0.075 Ω per phase. Estimate by zpf method the regulation for a load of 500A at p.f (i)
unity (ii) 0.9leading (iii) 0.71 lagging from the following OCC and zpf FL curves.
IF (A) : 32 50 75 100 140
OC Volt (kV) : 3100 4900 3810 7500 8300
V (kV) for zpf: 0 1850 4250 5800 7000
13. A 3 phase Y connected, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at
normal speed.
IF (A) : 14 18 23 30 43
OC Volt (V) : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 17 A to circulate FL current

and when the m/c is supplying FL 2000kVA at zpf, the field current is 42.5A at rated
terminal voltage of 6000V. Determine the FL regulation at u.p.f & 0.8p.f lag.
14. A 5000kVA, 2 pole, 50Hz alternator has a rated line voltage of 4160V. The open
circuit characteristics is
If(A): 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Line Voltage (V):1250 2500 3650 4450 4950 5150 5300 5440 5530 5600
When the alternator terminals are short circuited, a field current of 84A is required to
circulate full-load current. Use m.m.f. method to find regulation at full load, rated
voltage and power factors of (a) unity (b) 0.8 lagging. The alternator is star connected.
Neglect armature resistance.
15. The open circuit characteristics of a 6 pole, 440V, 50Hz, 3 phase, star connected
alternator is as under:
If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14
E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592
A field current of 7A is required to circulate full-load rated armature current of 40A

under short circuit conditions. The field current for rated terminal voltage under full-
load zero power conditions is 15A. The armature resistance is 0.2 ohms per phase.
Find regulation at full load current of 40A at 0.8pf lagging power factor, using Potier
method.

Course Handout
16. The open circuit, short circuit and FL zero p.f. tests on a 6 pole 440V, 50 Hz 3 phase Y
connected alternator is shown below:
If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18
E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 - -
SC line current (A) 11 22 34 40 46 57 69 80 - -
ZPF terminal - - - 0 80 206 314 398 460 504
Voltage (V)
Find the regulation at Full load at 40A at rated voltage and 0.8 p.f. lagging by ZPF
method. The effective resistance between any two terminals is 0.3 Ω.
17. A 1500 kVA, 6600 V, 3 phase Y connected alternator with a resistance of 0.4 Ω and a
reactance of 6 Ω per phase, delivers FL current at 0.8 p.f. lagging, and at normal rated
voltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at
0.8.f. leading.
18. A 100 kVA, 2300 V, delta connected polyphase alternator has an effective resistance
per phase of 4 Ω and armature reactance per phase of 11 Ω. At rated load, find the
generated voltage for (i) u.p.f. (ii) 0.8 leading p.f.
19. A 3 phase, Y connected alternator supplies a load of 10 MW at p.f. of 0.85 lagging and
at 11 kV (terminal Voltage). Its resistance is 0.1 Ω per phase and Synchronous
reactance 0.66 Ω per phase. Calculate the line value of generated e.m.f.
20. A 10 MVA, 3 phase Y connected 11kV, 2 pole tubo-alternator has a synchronous

impedance of (0.0145+j0.05) ohms per phase. The various losses in the generator are
as follows:
Open circuit core loss at 1100V = 90 kW
Windage and Friction loss = 50 kW
Short circuit load loss at 525A = 220 kW
Field Winding Resistance = 3 Ohm
Field Current = 175A
Ignoring the change in field current, compute the efficiency at (i) rated load 0.8 p.f.
and (ii) half load at 0.9 p.f. lagging

Course Handout
21. A three phase, 50 Hz, 100kVA, 3000 V star connected alternator has armature
resistance of 0.3 Ω per phase. A field current of 40A produces short circuit current of
200A and a line e.m.f. of 1050 V on open circuit. Calculate the full load voltage
regulation at 0.8 p.f. leading.
22. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 20 0
at 400V. The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω .
Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature
resistance.
23. Following test results are obtained on a 6600 V alternator.
OC Voltage (V): 3100 4900 6600 7500 8300
Field Current (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70
A field current of 20 A is found necessary to circulate FL current on SC of the

armature. Calculate % VR at FL, 0.8pf lag using (i) e.m.f. method (ii) m.m.f. method.
Neglect armature resistance and leakage reactance. Take necessary assumptions.
24. A three phase star connected alternator is rated at 1.6MVA, 13,500V. The armature
effective resistance and synchronous reactance are 2 Ω and 30 Ω respectively per
phase. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation for a load of 1.2MW at 0.8 p.f.
leading.
25. A 220V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, Y connected alternator with resistance 0.06 Ω per phase gave
the following data for open circuit and Short circuit characteristics.
If (A) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3
OC (V) 29 58 87 116 146 172 194 232 261.5 284 300
SC (A) 6.6 13.2 20 26.5 32.4 40 46.3 59
Find the percentage Voltage Regulation at ¾ th Full load, 0.8 p.f. lag. The Full Load
current is 40A. Use e.m.f. method.
MODULE III
1. The slip test was performed on a 3 phase, 415V star connected syn. m/c. The armature
fluctuates between 4.5A and 7A and the fluctuation in the voltmeter connected across
the lines is between 87V and 98V. Estimate the direct axis and quadrature axis
reactances. Ra=0.8Ω
2. A 100kVA, 6.6kV, Y connected 3 phase salient pole alternator with Xd=22Ω and
Xq=12Ω deliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f.

Course Handout
3. A 3 phase Y connected alternator supplies a current of 10A having phase angle 200
lagging at 400V. Find the load angle and components Id and Iq if Xd =10Ω and Xq=6.5
Ω. Neglect Ra.
4. A 5kVA, 220V, 3 phase Y connected salient pole alternator with Xd=12Ω and Xq=7Ω
deliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.
5. A salient pole syn. generator has the following pu parameters. Xd=1.1pu and
Xq=0.7pu, Ra=0.04pu. Calculate the excitation e.m.f in pu when the generator delivers
rated kVA at 0.8p.f lagging and at rated terminal voltage. Also find the voltage
regulation.
6. A 3 phase 1500 rpm, 50Hz alternator has Xd=0.7pu and Xq=0.4pu. For FL and 0.8p.f
lag, obtain load angle and no-load pu voltage.
7. A salient pole syn. generator has Xd=1.2pu and Xq=0.8pu and Ra=0.03pu. Calculate
percentage voltage regulation on FL and at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging.
8. A 50Hz, 3 phase, 480V delta connected salient pole alternator has Xd=0.1Ω and
Xq=0.075Ω. The generator is supplying 1200A at 0.8p.f lagging. Find the excitation
e.m.f. Neglect Ra.
9. A 10 kVA, 380 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, Y connected Salient pole alternator has direct and
quadrature axis reactances of 12 Ω and 8 Ω respectively. The armature has a
resistance of 1 Ω per phase. The generator delivers rated load at 0.8 p.f. lag, with
terminal voltage being maintained at rated value. If the load angle is 16.150, determine
the direct axis and quadrature axis component of armature current and excitation
voltage.
10. A Salient pole synchronous machine with 4 pole ac winding is charged coupled to a
prime mover and excited with a current of 50 Hz frequency. The rotor winding is
open. The per phase voltage and current for a phase of machine are 30 V, 25 V, 10 A
and 6.5 A. Find Xd and Xq
11. A Salient pole synchronous machine with 4 pole a.c winding is charge coupled to a
prime mover and excited with a current of 50Hz frequency. The rotor winding is
open. The per phase voltage and current for a phase of machine are 30V, 25V, 10A
and 6.5A. Calculate Xd and Xq.
12. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 20 0
at 400V. The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω .
Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature
resistance.
13. An alternator has a direct axis synchronous reactance of 0.8 p.u. and quadrature axis
synchronous reactance 0f 0.5 p.u. Draw the phasor diagram for Full Load at lagging
p.f. 0.8. Find the p.u. value of open circuit Voltage with full load excitation. Neglect
armature resistance and saturation.
14. A 3.5MVA slow speed three phase Synchronous generator rated for 6.6kV has 32
poles. Its direct and quadrature synchronous reactance as measured by slip test are 9.6
Ω and 6 Ω respectively. Neglecting armature resistance, determine the Voltage
regulation and excitation e.m.f. needed to maintain 6.6 kV at its terminals when
supplying a load of 2.5 MW at 0.8 p.f. lag.

Course Handout
PARALLEL OPERATION
1. Two exactly similar turbo-alternators are rated at 25MW each. They are running in
parallel. The speed load characteristics of the driving turbines are such that the frequency
of alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50 Hz on no-load to 48Hz on full load, and that of
alternator 2 from 50Hz to 48.5Hz. How will the 2 machines share a load of 30MW? What
maximum load can be supplied without overloading each of them?
2. Two similar 1500 kVA Alternators operate in parallel. Their prime mover characteristics
are such that the frequency of Alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50.5 Hz on no load to 49
Hz on full load and that of Alternator 2 from 50 Hz to 48 Hz. How will the two
Alternators share a load of 2250 Kw?
3. Two parallel running alternators have e.m.f.s of 1000V per phase. The synchronous
impedances are (0.1+j 2.0) ohm and (0.2+j 3.2) ohm. They supply a load of (2 +jl) ohm
per phase. Find their terminal voltage, load currents, power outputs and no-load
circulating current for a phase difference of 10 electrical degrees.
4. Two alternators working in parallel supply a common load of (300 +j400)kVA. One
Alternator is load to 200 kW at 0.8 pf lagging. What is the load shared by other
Alternator? Also determine the p.f. of the second alternator.
5. Two identical 3- phase, Y-connected generators, operating in parallel, share a total load of
750 kW at 6000V and p.f . 0.8. Each machine supplies half the power initially. The
synchronous impedance of each machine is (2.5 + j50)  per phase. The field of first
generator is excited so that the armature current is 40A lagging. Find (i) the armature
current of the second machine (ii) the power factor of each machine and (iii) the e.m.f. of
each machine.
6. An impedance of (10 + j5) ohm is supplied from two alternators A and B connected on
parallel. The induced e.m.f s of each machine is 220V and EA leads EB by 200. The
equivalent synchronous impedances of two machines are ZA = (0.2 + j3) ohm and ZB =
(0.25 + j4) ohm. Determine the current and power delivered by each machine and also the
total load current and power.
7. Two similar alternators operating in parallel have the following data:
Alternator 1 – capacity 799 kW, frequency drops from 50 Hz at no-load to 48.5 Hz at FL.
Alternator 2 – capacity 700 kW, frequency drops from 50.5 Hz at no-load to 48 Hz at FL
Speed regulation is linear for the prime movers.
(i) Calculate how a total load of 1200 kW is shared between the alternators. Also find the
operating frequency. (ii) Compute the maximum load that these two units can deliver
without overloading either of them.
8. Two alternators A and B are operating in parallel on no-load have the following data:
Capacity of machine A – 100 MW and that of machine B – 75 MW. Speed regulation
linear in each case. For alternator A, speed drop from NL to FL = 3%. For alternator B
also, speed drop from NL to FL = 3%. Calculate the load shared and the bus frequency,
when the total load is 125 MW. No-load frequency is 50 Hz.

Course Handout
9. Two alternators A and B operate in parallel and supply a load of 8MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
The power output of A is adjusted to 5000 kW by changing its steam supply and its p.f. is
adjusted to 0.9 lagging by changing its excitation. Find the p.f. of the alternator B.
10. Two similar 20 MW alternators operate in parallel. The speed load characteristics of the
driving turbines are such that the frequency of alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50 Hz
on no-load to 48Hz on full load, and that of alternator 2 from 50Hz to 48.5Hz. How will
the 2 machines share a load of 30MW?
MODULE IV
SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
1. A 400 V, 3 phase star connected Synchronous motor takes 5 kW at normal voltage and
has an impedance of (1 + j9) ohms per phase. Calculate the current and pf, if the
induced e.m.f is 475 V.
2. A 2200V, three phase star connected Synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.22 ohm
and a reactance of 2.4 ohm per phase. The motor is operating at 0.6 p.f. lead with a
current of 180A. Determine the generated e.m.f per phase.
3. A 150kW, 2.3kV, 3 phase, 50Hz, 1000 rpm Synchronous motor has Xd= 32 ohm and
Xq= 22 ohm per phase. Calculate the torque developed by the motor, if the field
excitation is so adjusted so as to make the back e.m.f. twice the applied voltage. Load
angle = 180.
4. A 600 V, 6 pole, three phase star connected Synchronous motor has a Synchronous
impedance of (0.4 + j 7) ohm. It takes a current of 15 A at u.p.f., when operating with a
certain field current. With the field current remaining constant, the load torque is
increased until the motor draws a current of 50A. Find the torque developed and the
new power factor.
5. A 6600V, star connected 3- phase Synchronous motor works at constant voltage and
excitation. Its Synchronous reactance is 20 ohm per phase when input power is 1000kW
and p.f 0.8 lead. Resistance may be neglected. Find the load angle and p.f when the
input is increased to 1500kW.
6. A 415V, 3 phase, star connected Synchronous motor gives a net output mechanical
power of 7.5 kW and operates at 0.8 pf leading. Its effective resistance per phase is 0.9
ohm. If the iron, friction and field copper losses are 125W, 75W and 100W
respectively, estimate the current drawn by the motor and overall efficiency.
7. A 6600V star connected 3-phase Synchronous motor works at constant voltage and
constant excitation. Its Synchronous impedance is (2.0+ j20) ohm per phase, when the
input 1000kW the p.f. is 0.8 leading. Find the p.f when the input is increased to
1500kW.
8. A 2200V, star connected Synchronous motor has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm and
Synchronous reactance of 2.2 ohm per phase. The input is 800 kW at rated voltage and
induced e.m.f is 2500V. Calculate line current and power factor.
9. A 1500kW, 3 phase Y connected, 3.3kV Synchronous Motor has reactances of Xd = 5
ohm and Xq= 3 ohm per phase. All losses are neglected. Calculate the excitation e.m.f.
when the motor is supplying rated load at unity p.f. Also calculate maximum
mechanical power that the motor can supply with the excitation held constant at this
value.

Course Handout
10. A 75 kW, 400V, 4 pole, 3 phase, Y connected Synchronous Motor has a resistance and
reactance per phase of 0.04 ohm and 0.4 ohm resp. Compute Full load 0.8 p.f. lead, the
open circuit e.m.f. per phase and gross mechanical power developed. Assume an
efficiency of 92.5%.
11. A star connected Synchronous Motor rated 187 kVA, three phase, 2300V, 47A, 50 Hz.,
187.5 r.p.m. has an effective resistance of 1.5 ohm and reactance of 20 ohm per phase.
Determine the power developed internally by the motor when it is operating at rated
current and 0.8 p.f. leading.
12. A 2000V, star connected Synchronous motor has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm and
Synchronous reactance of 2.2 ohm per phase. The input is 800 kW at rated voltage and
induced e.m.f is 2500V. Calculate line current and power factor.
13. A 750kW, 11kV, 3 phase, Y connected Synchronous Motor has a synchronous
reactance of 35 Ohm / phase and negligible resistance. Determine the excitation e.m.f.
per phase when the motor is operating on Full load at 0.8 p.f. leading and when
operated with 93% efficiency.
14. A 2.3 kV, 3 phase star connected Synchronous Motor has Zs = (0.2 + j2.2) Ω. The
motor is operating at 0.5 pf leading with a line current of 200A. Determine the
generated e.m.f. per phase.
INDUCTION MOTORS
1. A 12 pole, 3 phase alternator is coupled to an engine running at 500 r.p.m. It supplies an

Induction motor which has a full load speed of 1440 r.p.m. Find the slip and no: of poles
of the motor?
2. The frequency of emf in the stator of a 4 pole Induction Motor is 50 Hz and that in the
rotor is 1.5Hz. What is the slip and at what speed the motor is running?
3. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, Induction Motor has a slip of 1% at no-load and 3% at Full
load. Determine (a) Synchronous speed (b) no-load speed (c) full load speed (d)
frequency of rotor current at standstill (e) frequency of rotor current at full load.
4. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a shaft torque of 108.3 Nm at full load
and running at 970 rpm. Calculate (i) rotor copper loss (ii) power input to the rotor.
Mechanical losses account for 120W.
5. A 415V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a torque of 101.6 Nm at 1410
r.p.m. with a p.f. of 0.87 when the supply frequency is 48.5 Hz. If the mechanical torque
lost in friction is 4 Nm and stator losses total 950W, find the (i) slip (ii) rotor copper loss
(iii) Input power (iv) Line Current
6. A 3.3kV, 20 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance and standstill
reactance of 0.014Ω and 0.113Ω per phase respectively. Calculate (a) speed at which
torque developed is maximum (b) the ratio of FL torque to maximum torque, if FL torque
is delivered at 288 r.p.m.
7. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 580V, 50 Hz, Induction Motor develops 20 hp at 950 rpm with a pf of
0.86. The mechanical losses total 1 hp. Calculate for this load (i) rotor copper loss (ii)
torque output in Nm. (iii) Line current. Assume stator loss (total) – 1kW.

Course Handout
8. The power input to a 500V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 975 r.p.m is
40kW. Stator losses total 1 kW and Mechanical losses total 2 kW. Calculate the (a) slip
(b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ of the motor (d) power output (e) shaft torque.
9. An Induction Motor has an ŋ of 90% when the load is 50 hp. At this load, the stator
copper loss, rotor copper loss and iron loss are all equal. The mechanical losses are one
third of the iron loss. Calculate the slip.
10. A 3000V, 24 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase, Y connected Induction Motor has a slip ring rotor of
resistance 0.016 Ω and standstill reactance of 0.265 Ω per phase. Full load torque is
obtained at a speed of 247 rpm. Calculate the (i) the ratio of maximum torque to full load
torque (ii) speed at maximum torque. Neglect stator impedance
11. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs on FL with a slip of 4%. Given the rotor
standstill impedance per phase as (0.01+j0.05) Ω. Calculate the available maximum
torque in terms of FL torque. Also determine the speed at which maximum torque occurs.
12. The power input to a 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor is 42 kW, the speed being
1455 r.p.m. The stator losses are 1.2 kW and mechanical losses are 1.8 kW. Find (a) the
rotor input (b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ
13. A 8 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor has a standstill rotor impedance per
phase as (0.04+j0.15) Ω. Find the speed at which maximum torque occurs.
14. The power input to a 3 phase Induction Motor is 60kW. The Stator losses total to1 kW.
Find the total mechanical power developed and the rotor copper loss per phase, if the
motor is running with a slip of 3%.
15. A 440V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a mechanical load of 15 kW at
950 r.p.m with a p.f. of 0.84. The mechanical losses total 0.75 kW. Calculate for this load
the following quantities. (a) slip (b) the rotor copper loss (c) the input if the stator losses
total 1.5 kW (d) the line current.
16. A 6 pole, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 30kW including mechanical losses of 2 kW
at a speed of 950 rpm on 550V, 50 Hz mains. The pf is 0.88. Calculate (i) slip (ii) rotor
copper loss (iii) total input if stator losses are 200W (iv) the line current.
17. The power input to the rotor of a 3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole, Slip ring Induction Motor is
40kW and the motor runs at 960 rpm. The rotor resistance per phase is 0.25 Ω. Determine
the rotor current per phase.
18. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 5 kW at 950 r.p.m. What is the stator
input and ŋ if stator loss is 300 W. Assume mechanical losses as 0.25kW.
19. A 3 phase Induction Motor with star connected rotor has an induced emf of 65V between
the slip rings at standstill on open circuit with normal voltage applied to the stator. The
resistance and standstill reactance of rotor per phase are 0.7 Ω and 3.5 Ω respectively.
Calculate the current per phase in the rotor winding when (a) the slip rings are short
circuited at standstill (b) the slip rings are connected to a star connected rheostat of 4 Ω
per phase and (c) slip rings are short circuited with 4% slip at running condition.
20. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor with a star connected rotor has 3 slip
rings brought out to the terminal box. The induced e.m.f between slip rings is 60V on
open circuit at standstill condition with 400V, 50 Hz applied to the stator. The resistance
and standstill reactance of each rotor per phase are 0.6 Ω and 4 Ω respectively. Calculate
the current per phase in the rotor (a) at standstill when the rotor is connected to a star
connected impedance with resistance 5 Ω and reactance 2 Ω per phase and (b) when
running short circuited with a slip of 4%.

Course Handout
21. The power input to the rotor of a 400V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 3 phase slip ring induction motor is
75 kW. The rotor e.m.f makes 100 complete alternations per minute. Calculate (a) the
rotor speed (b) mechanical power developed (c) rotor resistance per phase, if the rotor
current is 60A.
22. A 400V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase star connected Induction motor has the following per
phase parameters referred to stator. R1 = 0.6 Ω, X1 = 1.1 Ω, R2’ = 0.3 Ω, X2’ = 0.5 Ω, X0 =
25 Ω. The mechanical losses are 1000W and stator core losses are 500W. The slip is 3%.
Using approximate equivalent circuit, find (i) speed (ii) stator current (iii) stator pf (iv)
power input to rotor (v) gross torque (vi) shaft torque (vii) efficiency (viii) rotor copper
loss / phase. Neglect R0.
23. A 500V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor has a stator impedance
per phase of (0.05+j0.20) Ω. The equivalent rotor impedance at standstill is the same. The
magnetizing current is 50A and the core loss is 2000W. The mechanical loss is 750W.
Calculate the output, input and p.f at a rotor speed of 1470 r.p.m.
24. A 400 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has a star connected stator whose
impedance is represented by (0.5+j1.5) Ω. The equivalent resistance and standstill
leakage reactance of the rotor referred to the stator phase are 1 Ω and 2 Ω respectively.
Determine the current drawn from the supply and torque in synchronous watts when the
motor is running at a speed of 1400 r.p.m.
25. A 400V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the following
results on no-load and short circuit tests.
No-load Test (line values) 400V 3A 645W
Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 12A 1660W
The friction and windage losses amount to 183W. Determine the working and the
magnetizing components of no-load current, no-load p.f., no-load resistance Ro and
reactance Xo, equivalent resistance and reactance per phase as referred to primary, power
factor on short circuit and short circuit current with normal applied voltage of 400V
across the stator. Stator resistance may be assumed to be 5 Ω. Also draw the appr.
equivalent ckt. referred to stator.
26. A 6 pole, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 30 hp including mechanical losses of 2 hp at

a speed of 950 rpm on a 550V, 50 Hz mains. The pf is 0.88. Calculate for this load (i)
slip (ii) rotor copper loss (iii) total input if the stator losses are 2000W (iv) efficiency (v)
line current (vi) no. of complete cycles per minute for the rotor emf.
27. A 3 phase 500V, 50 Hz Induction Motor with 6 poles gives an output of 20kWbat 950
r.p.m with a p.f. of 0.8. The mechanical losses total 1 kW. Calculate for this load the
following quantities. (a) slip (b) the rotor copper loss (c) the input if the stator losses total
1500W (d) the line current.
28. A 3 phase Induction Motor with star connected rotor has an induced emf of 85V between
the slip rings at standstill on open circuit. The rotor has resistance and reactance of 1 Ω
and 4 Ω per phase respectively. Calculate the rotor current and power factor when (a) the
slip rings are short circuited (b) the slip rings are connected to a star connected rheostat of
3 Ω per phase.
Course Handout
29. A 400 V, 40 hp, 50Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor gave the following test data:
No-load test: 400 V, 20 A, 1200 W
Blocked Rotor test: 100V, 45A, 2750 W
Stator DC resistance per phase is 0.01 Ω. The ratio of ac to dc resistance is 1.5. Friction
and windage loss is 300 W. Calculate the circuit elements of the approximate equivalent
circuit of the motor.
MODULE V
CIRCLE DIAGRAM
1. A 20 h.p., 400V, 50 Hz, three phase star connected Induction Motor gave the following
test results. Assume 4 pole.
No load Test : 400V 9A p.f. – 0.2
Blocked rotor test : 200V 50A p.f. – 0.4
Stator and rotor copper losses were equal in the blocked rotor test. Draw the circle
diagram and determine at Full load (i) Line Current (ii) p.f. (iii) Speed (iv) Efficiency
2. Draw the circle diagram of a three phase delta connected 30hp, 500V, 4 pole, 50 Hz Cage
Induction Motor. The figures given below give the measurements of line current and
voltage and readings of 2 wattmeters.
No load test : 500V 8.3A +2.85kW -1.35kW
Block rotor test : 100V 32A -0.75kW +2.35kW.
Find from circle diagram for FL (i) Line current (ii) Power factor (iii) Efficiency (iv)
Max.O/P
3. A 5 h.p., 220V 6 pole three phase squirrel Cage Induction Motor having Y connected
Stator yielded the following test results.
No load Test : 220V 5.25A 460W
Blocked rotor test : 110V 16A p.f. 0.4
The a.c. resistance of the stator winding per phase is 0.6 Ω. Draw the equivalent circuit
of the motor for a slip of 3% assuming the standstill rotor reactance is equal to that of the
stator. Also find the efficiency.
4. A 400 V, 3 phase, 6 pole, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.
No load Test : 400V 7A 0.15 pf.
Blocked rotor test : 200V 38A 0.35 pf.

Course Handout
The stator is delta connected and the resistance between two terminals is 1Ω.
Determine the Out put, Torque developed in Nm and Efficiency when the input current is
25A.
No-load Test (line values) 400V 8A 0.16 p.f.
Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 39A 0.36 p.f.
Determine the mechanical output, torque and slip when the motor draws a current of 30A
from the mains. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal.
6. The following test results relates to a 30kW, 500V, 6 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz delta
connected induction motor.
No-load Test 500V 18A 1.2 kW
Short circuit Test 250V 100A 11 kW
Stator resistance per phase is 0.6 Ω. Construct the circle diagram and find (a) line current,
p.f. and slip at FL and (b) the maximum output
7. The real power input to a 415V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 970
r.p.m is 41kW. The input pf is 0.9. Stator losses amount to 1.1 kW and Mechanical losses
total 1.2 kW. Calculate the (a) Line current (b) slip (c) rotor copper loss (d) Mechanical
power output (e) ŋ of the motor (f) Torque.
8. A 415V, 50 Hz, delta connected 3 phase induction Motor gave the following test results:
No load Test : 415V 9.1A 1,200 W
Blocked rotor test : 120V 16.8A 1,470 W
Stator resistance per phase = 2.51 Ω. Find the parameters of the equivalent circuit.
9. A 415 V, 29.84kW, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.
No load Test : 415V 21A 1,250 W
Blocked rotor test : 100V 45A 2,730 W
Construct the circle diagram and determine (i) Line current, p.f. and efficiency for the
rated output (ii) Maximum torque and corresponding slip. Assume stator and rotor copper
losses equal at standstill.
10. A 400 V, 3 phase, 50Hz, Star connected Induction motor gave the following test results.
No load Test : 400V 8.5A 1,100 W

Course Handout
Calculate the line current & power factor at 4% slip. The stator resistance per phase is0.5
Ω.
11. The following are the test results on a 440V, 18.65 kW, 4 pole, three phase delta
connected Induction Motor.:
No-load test: 440V, 7.5A, 1050W
Blocked Rotor test: 100V, 32A, 2000W
Draw the circle diagram and determine:
(a) Line current, efficiency and power factor for full load output
(b) Starting torque and maximum torque
Assume ratio of stator copper loss to rotor copper loss at standstill is 7:6.
SPEED CONTROL AND SRTARTING
1. A fractional kW three phase Induction Motor has its blocked rotor current at normal
voltage 6 times the FL current and FL slip is 5%. Estimate the starting current and
starting torque developed if stator resistance starter is used to reduce the applied voltage
to 60% of normal value.
2. Estimate approximately the starting torque of a three phase Induction motor in terms of
its FL torque when started by means of (i) an autotransformer starter with 60% tapping
and (ii) a star delta starter. The motor draws 6 times the FL current when switched ON
directly and FL slip is 4%.
3. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz Induction Motor takes 40A at full load of 1440 rpm, and
develops a torque of 100Nm at Full load. The starting current at rated voltage is 200A.
What is the starting torque? If a star-delta starter is used, what is the starting torque and
starting current? Neglect magnetizing current.
4. Calculate the values of resistance elements of a 4 step starter for a three phase 400V
Wound rotor Induction Motor. The FL slip is 3% and the maximum starting current is
limited to FL value. Rotor resistance per phase is 0.015Ω.
5. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has its rotor winding resistance as
0.22Ω / phase and runs at 1440 rpm on full load. Calculate the approximate value of
resistance to be added to the rotor circuit / phase so as to reduce the speed by 15% with
the same torque developed.
6. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, Induction Motor when fully loaded, runs with a slip of 3%.
Find the value of resistance necessary in series per phase of the motor to reduce the
speed by 10%. Assume that the resistance of the rotor per phase is 0.2 Ω. (Assume same
torque developed)
7. A 4 pole, 50Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor is cumulatively cascaded with a 6
pole Induction motor. Determine the frequency of the rotor current in the two motors and
their slip referred to respective stator field if the set has a slip of 3%.
8. The rotor of a 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a resistance of 0.3 Ω per
phase and runs at 1440 rpm at full load. Calculate the value of external resistance per

Course Handout
phase which must be added to lower the speed to 1320 rpm, the torque being the same as
before.
9. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a rotor winding resistance of 0.08
Ω per phase. If its stalling speed is 800 rpm, find approximately the value of external
resistance to be added in the rotor resistance starter to obtain maximum torque at starting.
10. Determine the suitable tapping on an auto transformer starter for an Induction Motor
required to start the motor with 36% of the full load torque. The short circuit current of
the motor is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 4%. Also determine the
current in the supply leads as a percentage of full load current.
11. A 3 phase Squirrel cage Induction motor has a starting current 175% of full load line
current and develops 35% of full load torque when operated by a star-delta starter. What
should be the starting torque and current if an auto transformer starter with 80% tapping
is employed?
12. A 3 phase Squirrel cage Induction motor takes 150% of full load line current and
develops 30% of full load torque at starting, when operated by a star-delta starter. What
should be the starting torque and current if an auto transformer starter with 80% tapping
is employed?
13. A Slip ring Induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.03 Ω and a standstill reactance of
0.12 Ω. Find approximately the value of external resistance to be added to the rotor
resistance starter in order to develop maximum torque at starting.
14. Calculate the steps in a 5 section rotor starter of a 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor, for
which the starting current should not exceed the full load current, the full load slip is
1.8% and rotor resistance is 0.015 Ω per phase.
15. Calculate the steps in a 4 section rotor starter of a 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor,
from the following data:
Max. starting current = FL current; FL slip = 0.04; Rotor resistance per phase = 0.075 Ω.
16. A 5 step starter for a Slip ring IM is to be designed. The resistance per phase of the rotor
is 0.05 Ω and the slip on full load is 3%. The motor is to be started with maximum
current equal to full load current. Calculate the resistance in each of the 5 steps of the
starter.
17. Design the 5 sections of a 6 stud starter for a three phase Wound rotor IM. The slip at full
load is 2% and the starting current is 1.5 times the full load current. The rotor resistance
is 0.2 Ω per phase.
18. Determine the starting torque of a three phase IM in terms of full load torque when
started by means (i) star delta starter (ii) auto transformer with 50% tapping. Ignore
magnetizing current. The short circuit current of the motor at normal voltage is 5 times
the full load current and full load slip is 5%.
19. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance of three phase IM are respectively 0.015 Ω
and 0.09 Ω per phase. At normal voltage, full load slip is 3 %. Estimate the percentage
reduction in stator voltage to develop full load torque at one half of full load speed. What
is then the p.f.?
20. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase of a three phase IM are
respectively 0.02 Ω and 0.11 Ω per phase. At normal voltage, full load slip is 4 %.
Estimate the percentage reduction in stator voltage to develop full load torque at one half
of full load speed. Also calculate the rotor p.f.

Course Handout
21. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, slip ring Induction motor is running at 3% slip when developing
full load torque. Its rotor winding resistance and standstill reactance are 0.12 Ω and 0.6
Ω per phase respectively. For the same torque developed, calculate the speed of the
motor if an external resistance of 0.5 Ω per phase is added in the rotor circuit.
22. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, slip ring Induction motor is cumulatively cascaded with a 4
pole motor. The rotor circuit frequency of the 4 pole motor is found to be 2 Hz.
Determine the slip in each motor and the combined set speed.
23. A Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor has maximum torque equal to twice the
full load torque. Determine the ratio of motor Starting Torque to its Full Load Torque, if
it is started by (i) DOL Starter (ii) Star / Delta Starter (iii) Auto Transformer starter with
70% tap.
24. Determine the starting torque of a three phase Induction Motor in terms of full load
torque when started by means: (i) Star / Delta Starter (ii) Auto Transformer starter with
50% tap. Ignore magnetizing current. The short circuit current of the motor at normal
voltage is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 4%.
25. A 22kW, 415V, 4 pole, 50 Hz delta connected Squirrel cage, 3 phase Induction Motor
takes 39A on full load and operates with a slip of 4%. The total impedance per phase is
3.5 Ω. Find approximately the starting current drawn from the supply and the starting
torque developed if the motor is started by a (i) DOL starter (ii) Auto Transformer starter
with 60% tapping and (iii) Star / Delta Starter.
26. A 15kW, 415V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs at 965 rpm on FL with an
efficiency 0f 89% and a power factor of 0.87 lagging. In the blocked rotor test, FL
current was circulated with a line voltage of 80V. If the motor is to be started by means
of a star – delta starter, find approximately the starting current taken from the supply
lines and starting torque developed.
27. A 4 pole and 6 pole Induction Machines are cumulatively cascaded and connected to a 50
Hz supply. The frequency in the rotor circuit of the 6 pole motor is found to be 1 Hz.
Determine the slip in each motor and the actual speed of the set.
28. A 22kW, 415 V, 3 phase, 50Hz delta connected SCIM takes 39A on Full load and
operates with a slip of 4%. The total impedance per phase is 3.5 ohm. Find
approximately the starting current drawn from the supply and the starting torque
developed if the motor is started by (i) DOL starter (ii) Auto transformer starter with 60%
tapping (iii) Star-delta starter.
29. The rotor of a 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a resistance of 0.25 Ω per
phase and runs at 1440 rpm at full load. Calculate the value of external resistance per
phase which must be added to lower the speed to 1200 rpm, the torque being the same as
before.
30. Determine the suitable autotransformer ratio for starting a 3 phase Induction Motor with
line current not exceeding 3 times the FL current. The short circuit current is 5 times the
FL current and full load slip is 5%. Estimate the starting torque in terms of FL torque.
31. A 3 phase squirrel cage Induction Motor takes a starting current of 6 times the full load
current. Find the starting torque as a percentage of full load torque if the motor started (a)
DOL (b) through a star-delta starter; full load slip of the motor being 4%.

Course Handout
DOUBLE CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS

1. In a Double cage Induction motor, if the outer cage has an equivalent impedance at
standstill of (2+j2) Ω & inner cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill of (0.5+j5)
Ω, determine the slip at which the two cages develop equal torques.
2. In a Double cage Induction motor, if the outer cage has an equivalent impedance at
standstill of (2+j1.2) Ω & inner cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill of
(0.5+j3.5) Ω, determine the slip at which the two cages develop equal torques.
3. A 400 V, 50 Hz, three -phase, star connected Double cage Induction motor has the
following parameters. The resistance and reactance values respectively are 2.0Ω and
5.0Ω for the stator 2.0Ω and 10.0Ω for the inner cage of the rotor and 4.0Ω and 3.0 Ω for
the outer cage of the rotor. All parameters are phase values and the rotor values are in
terms of stator. Calculate the starting current, if the motor is started directly on-line. Also
find the starting torque in Nm if the synchronous speed is 1500 r.p.m.
4. At standstill, the equivalent impedance per phase of the inner and outer cages of a
Double Cage rotor as referred to stator are (0.4+j2) Ω and (2+j0.4) Ω respectively.
Calculate the ratio of torques produced by the two cages, (i) at standstill (ii) at 5% slip.
5. The impedances at standstill of the inner and outer cages of a Double Cage rotor are
(0.01 + j0.5) Ω and (0.05 + j0.1) Ω respectively. The stator impedance may be assumed
to be negligible. Calculate the ratio of the torques due to the two cages (i) at starting and
(ii) when running with a slip of 5%.
6. An Induction Motor has a double cage rotor with equivalent impedance at standstill of
(1+j1) and (0.2+j4) ohms. Find the relative values of torque given by each cage (a) at
starting (b) at a slip of 5%.
7. A Double Cage Induction Motor (4 pole, 50Hz, 415V, delta connected, 3 phase) has the
following equivalent circuit parameters, all of which are per phase values referred to
stator:
Stator winding: R1 = 1 Ω, X1 = 2.5 Ω, Outer Cage: R0’ = 2.5 Ω, X0’ = 0.8 Ω, Inner Cage:
Ri’ = 0.6 Ω, Xi’ = 4.5 Ω. Calculate the starting torque and running torque at a slip of 4%.
The shunt branch may be neglected.
8. The cages of a Double Cage Induction Motor has standstill impedance of (3.5+j1.5) Ω
and (0.6+j7) Ω respectively. Full load slip is 6%. Find the starting torque at normal
voltage in terms of full load torque. Neglect stator impedance and magnetizing current.
MODULE VI
INDUCTION GENERATOR
1. A 3-phase Induction Generator rated for 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 500kW is supplying a
400V grid, the generator being driven by a wind turbine. At a particular wind speed,
the generator supplies a real power of 100kW to the grid, the stator current being
200A. What is the reactive power drawn from the grid? Sketch the system
configuration, indicating the wind turbine and the machine connected to the grid.
2. A 150kW, 400V, 50Hz, 4 pole, star connected induction machine is driven as an

Induction Generator supplying power to a three-phase, 400V, 50Hz grid. The rotor of
the generator is driven at 1560 r.p.m. The real power supplied to the grid is 100kW, at

Course Handout
a power factor of 0.707. What is the value of reactive power drawn from the grid? If
the magnetizing current drawn from the supply is 100A and if the generator works
with an efficiency of 95% for this load, estimate the generator rotor resistance in
terms of stator. Neglect core loss. Draw the phasor diagram of the generator
indicating the stator current, magnetizing current and rotor current, taking the stator
phase voltage as the reference.
3. A 3-phase, 4-pole, star-connected, Capacitor excited Induction Generator works with

a capacitor bank of 40µ F capacitor /phase connected in delta. The load is star-
connected with 10Ω resistance per phase. At a particular speed, the generator gives a
terminal voltage of 400 V, 50 Hz. Calculate (i) line current of the generator and (ii)
power output of the generator. Draw the circuit arrangement. The generator is driven
by a wind turbine.
SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS
1. A 2 pole 240V, 50Hz single-phase induction motor has the following constants
referred to stator:
R1 = 2.2 Ω, X1 = 3.0 Ω, R2’ = 3.8 Ω, X2’ = 2.1 Ω and X0= 86 Ω.
Find the stator current and input power when the motor is operating at a FL speed of
2820 rpm.
2. A 125W, 4 pole, 110V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor delivers rated output at a
slip of 6%. The total copper loss at full load is 25 W. Calculate the full load efficiency
and the rotor copper loss caused by the backward field. Rotational losses may be
assumed to be 25W. Neglect stator copper loss.
3. Calculate the parameters of the equivalent circuit of a capacitor start, single-phase,

230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, induction motor.
The test result on the motor are as follows :
No-Load : 230V 2.5A 120W Blocked Rotor : 80V 6.0A 150W
The effective stator resistance is 2Ω. Calculate the motor output at a slip of 4%.
4. A 230V, 380W, 50 Hz, 4 pole, single phase Induction motor gave the following test
results. No load test : 230V 84W 2.8A
Blocked Rotor test : 110V 460W 6.2 A
The stator winding resistance is 4.6 Ω and during the blocked rotor test, the auxiliary
winding is open. Determine the equivalent circuit parameters.
5. A 220V, single phase Induction motor gave the following test results:
No load test: 220V 125W 4.6A
Blocked Rotor test: 120V 460W 9.6 A
The stator winding resistance is 1.5 Ω and during the blocked rotor test, the auxiliary
winding is open. Determine the equivalent circuit parameters.

Course Handout
6. A 4 pole, 50Hz, single phase Induction Motor has the power absorbed by forward and
backward field rotor resistance are 200W and 21W respectively at a motor speed of
1440 rpm. The mechanical losses total 20W. Compute the shaft torque at that speed.
7. A 50 Hz split phase induction motor has a resistance 5 Ω and an inductive reactance

of 20 Ω in both main and auxiliary winding. Determine the value of resistance and
capacitance to be added in series with auxiliary winding to send the same current in
each winding with the phase difference of 90 degrees

Course Handout
2.4 ASSIGNMENTS
Assignment 1
1. A 3 phase Y connected, 2000kVA, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at
normal speed.
IF (A): 14 18 23 30 43
OC Volt (V): 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 16A to circulate FL current.
Ra=1.5Ω across 2 terminals. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and
u.p.f.
2. A 5kVA, 220V, 3 phase Y connected salient pole alternator with Xd=12Ω and Xq=7Ω
deliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.
3. The open circuit, short circuit and FL zero p.f. tests on a 6 pole 440V, 50 Hz 3 phase Y
connected alternator is shown below:
If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18
E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 - -
SC line current (A) 11 22 34 40 46 57 69 80 - -
ZPF terminal - - - 0 80 206 314 398 460 504
Voltage (V)
Find the regulation at Full load at 40A at rated voltage and 0.8 p.f. lagging
4. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at
normal speed.
IF (A) : 10 20 25 30 40
OC Volt (V) : 800 1500 1760 2000 2350
With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 20A to circulate 200A.
Ra=0.755 Ω per phase. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and u.p.f.
5. A 5000kVA, 6.6kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.075 Ω per
phase. Estimate by zpf method the regulation for a load of 500A at p.f (i) unity (ii) 0.9leading (iii)
0.71 lagging from the following OCC and zpf FL curves.
IF (A) : 32 50 75 100 140
OC Volt (kV) : 3100 4900 3810 7500 8300
V (kV) for zpf: 0 1850 4250 5800 7000
6. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200 at 400V.
The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω . Find the components
of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature resistance.

Course Handout
Assignment 2
1. An Induction motor has an efficiency of 91% when it delivers an output of 22 kW. At

this load, the stator copper loss equals rotor copper loss and the total loss equals stray
losses. The mechanical losses are on fourth the stray losses. Calculate the slip.
2. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs on FL with a slip of 4%. Given the
rotor standstill impedance per phase as (0.01+j0.05) Ω. Calculate the available
maximum torque in terms of FL torque. Also determine the speed at which maximum
torque occurs.
3. Show that in an Induction motor, “Air gap power : rotor copper losses : power
developed = 1 : s : (1-s) ”, where ‘s’ is fractional slip.
No-load Test (line values) 400V 8A 0.16 p.f.
Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 39A 0.36 p.f.
Determine the mechanical output, torque and slip when the motor draws a current of
30A from the mains. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal.
5. The power input to a 500V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 975 r.p.m is
40kW. Stator losses total 1 kW and Mechanical losses total 2 kW. Calculate the (a)
slip (b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ of the motor (d) power output (e) shaft torque.
6. A 3.3kV, 20 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance and standstill
reactance of 0.014Ω and 0.113Ω per phase respectively. Calculate (a) speed at which
torque developed is maximum (b) the ratio of FL torque to maximum torque, if FL
torque is delivered at 288 r.p.m.
7. A 415 V, 29.84kW, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.
No load Test : 415V 21A 1,250 W
Construct the circle diagram and determine (i) Line current, p.f. and efficiency for the
rated output (ii) Maximum torque and corresponding slip. Assume stator and rotor
copper losses equal at standstill.

Course Handout
3. EE204 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND

LOGIC DESIGN

Course Handout
PROGRAMME: Electrical & DEGREE: B.TECH

Electronics Engineering
COURSE: Digital Electronics SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 3
and Logic Design
COURSE CODE: EE 204 COURSE TYPE: CORE
REGULATION: UG
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: CONTACT HOURS: 2+1(Tutorial)
Electronic Engineering hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB LAB COURSE NAME: Nil
COURSE CODE (IF ANY): Nil
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Number Systems and Codes : Binary, Octal and 7
hexadecimal conversions- ASCII code, Excess -3 code,
Gray code, Error detection and correction - Parity
I generators and checkers – Fixed point and floating point
arithmetic. Binary addition and subtraction, unsigned and
signed numbers, 1's complement and 2’s complement
arithmetic.
TTL logic and CMOS logic - Logic gates, Universal gates 7
- Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum of Products method,
II Product of Sum method – K map representation and
simplification(upto four variables) - Pairs, Quads, Octets,
Dont care conditions.
Combinational circuits: Adders _ Full adder and half 7
adder – Subtractors, halfsubtractor and fullsubtractor –
III Carry Look ahead adders – ALU(block diagram only).
Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Encoders, BCD to decimel
decoders.
Sequential circuits: Flip-Flops, SR, JK, D and T flip- 8
flops, JK Master Slave Flip-flop, Conversion of flip-
IV flops, Registers -SISO,SIPO, PISO, PIPO.
Counters : Asynchronous Counters – Modulus of a
counter – Mod N counters.
Synchronous counters: Preset and clear modes, Counter 7
V Synthesis: Ring counter, Johnson Counter, Mod N
counter, Decade counter.

Course Handout
State Machines: State transition diagram, Moore and

Mealy Machines – Design equation and circuit diagram
Digital to Analog conversion – R-2R ladder, weighted 8
resistors. Analog to Digital Conversion - Flash ADC,
Successive approximation, Integrating ADC.
VI Memory Basics, Read and Write, Addressing, ROMs,
PROMs and EPROMs, RAMs, Sequential Programmable
Logic Devices - PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction and
basic concepts only) Introduction to VHDL,
Implementation of AND, OR, half adder and full adder.
TOTAL HOURS 44
T Floyd T.L, Digital Fundamentals , 10/e, Pearson Education, 2011
T Sudhakar and Shyam Mohan- Circuits and Networks: Analysis and
Synthesis, 5e, Mc Graw Hill EducationC.H.Roth and L.L.Kimney
Fundamentals of Logic Design, 7/e, Cengage Learning, 2013
R Donald P Leach, Albert Paul Malvino and GoutamSaha., Digital
Principles and Applications, 8/e, by Mc Graw Hill
R Mano M.M, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4/e, ,
Pearson Education
R D Roy Chaudhuri: Networks and Systems, New Age
PublishersTocci R.J and N.S.Widmer, Digital Systems, Principles
and Applications, 11/e, , Pearson Education.
R John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices, 4/e, ,
Pearson, 2005
R Taub & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw
Hill,1997
EC 100 Basic of Electronics Digital ICs: Logic Gates S1
Engineering

Course Handout
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To impart knowledge about digital logic and to gain the ability to design
various digital circuits.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SN DESCRIPTION BLOOM’S
O TAXONOMY
LEVEL
1 Students will be able to distinguish the different Comprehension
number systems and be able to convert from one [Level 2]
form to other.
2 Students will be able to use the laws of Boolean Application
algebra to simplify circuits. [Level 3]
3 Students will be able to design combinational and Synthesis
sequential circuits. [Level 5]
4 Students will be able to define the significance of Knowledge
state machines. [Level 1]
5 Students will be able to interpret programmable Analysis
logic circuit devices and it's usage. [Level 4]
MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES

(POs) AND COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC
OUTCOMES (PSOs)
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
C 204.1 3 3 2 2 3 2
C 204. 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2
C204. 3 2 2 2 1 2
C204. 4 2 2 1 1
C204. 5 1 1 2 1
EE 204 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1

Course Handout
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:

Mapping L/H/M Justification
C204.1- H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of
PO1 Engineering fundamentals to convert analog signals to
digital.
C204.1- H Student will be able to formulate and analyze different
PO2 number systems and represent signed numbers.
C204.1- M Student will be to able to interpret digital representations
PO3 for analysis.
C204.1- M Student will be able to predict and model complex
PO5 systems using logic.
C204.1- H As technology is advancing at a fast rate the awareness of
PO12 digital theory helps to understand the upcoming
electronic devices.
C204.2- H Student will be able apply the Boolean algebra to
PO1 Engineering fundamentals
C204.2- M Student will be able to identify, formulate and analyze
PO2 complex problem with gate logic.
C204.2- M Student will be able to design solutions for complex
PO3 problems using the Boolean logic.
C204.2- M Student will be able to apply appropriate digital
PO5 technique
C204.2- M Logic gate understanding aids in understanding the
PO12 upcoming trends in technology
C204.3- M Student will be able apply the combinational and
PO1 sequential circuit design
C204.3- M The circuit design helps to understand the first principles
PO2 of Engineering science
C204.3- M Students will be able to understand the technology up-
PO12 gradation with the knowledge of combinational and
sequential circuits.
C204.4- M State machines will help to understand complex
PO1 Engineering problems.
C204.4- M Students will be able to brief in conclusions for
PO2 Engineering problems.

Course Handout
C204.5- L Students will get some knowledge of programmable

PO1 logic circuits
C204.5- L Students will be able to understand the problems using
PO2 programmable logic circuits
C204.5- M The awareness of programmable logic circuits will help
PO12 them to recognize and prepare for the technological
changes.

REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED RELEVANCE ELEVANCE
ACTIONS WITH POs WITH PSOs
1. Application Additional 4, 6, 10 1, 2
based design of Class
logic gates
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND

SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC

SL DESCRIPTION PROPOSED RELEVANCE RELEVANC
NO ACTIONS WITH Pos E WITH
. PSOs
1 Introduction to Familiarization to 5, 6,12 1,2
Logic Lab design logic
circuits

1 http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106086/
2 http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/labs/tutorial/

Course Handout
☑ CHALK & ☑ STUD. ☑ WEB
TALK ASSIGNMENT RESOURCES
☑ LCD/SMART ☑ STUD. ☐ ADD-ON
☑ASSIGNMENT ☑ STUD. ☑ ☑UNIV.
S SEMINARS TESTS/MODEL EXAMINATION
EXAMS
☐ STUD. LAB ☑ STUD. ☐ ☐
PRACTICES VIVA MINI/MAJOR CERTIFICATIONS
PROJECTS
COURSES
☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE ☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, FACULTY (TWICE)
ONCE)
Prepared by Approved by
Dr. Elizabeth Rita Samuel Ms.Santhi B

HOD EEE

Course Handout
3.2 COURSE PLAN
Sl.No Module Planned Planned

Date
1 1 02-Feb-17 Number Systems and Codes : Binary. Binary
addition and subtraction.
2 1 03-Feb-17 unsigned and signed numbers, 1's
complement and 2’s complement arithmetic.
3 1 07-Feb-17 Octal and hexadecimal conversions ASCII
code, Excess -3 code, Gray code
4 1 09-Feb-17 Error detection and correction - Parity
generators and checkers
5 1 10-Feb-17 Fixed point and floating point arithmetic.
6 1 10-Feb-17 Tutorial : Self learning onn Hamming

correction code.
7 2 14-Feb-17 TTL logic and CMOS logic - Logic gates,
Universal gates
8 2 16-Feb-17 Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum of
Products method, Product of Sum method
9 2 17-Feb-17 K map representation and simplification(upto
four variables)
10 2 17-Feb-17 Pairs, Quads, Octets ,Dont care conditions.
11 2 21-Feb-17 Tutorial – Solve Gate problems for Logic

gates
12 3 23-Feb-17 Adders _ Full adder and half adder
13 3 23-Feb-17 Subtractors, halfsubtractor and fullsubtractor
14 3 02-Mar-17 Carry Look ahead adders – ALU(block

diagram only).
15 3 03-Mar-17 Tutorial:
http://www.neuroproductions.be/logic-lab/
16 3 07-Mar-17 Multiplexers, Demultiplexers
17 3 09-Mar-17 Encoders, BCD to decimel decoders.
18 4 10-Mar-17 Sequential circuits: Flip-Flops
19 4 10-Mar-17 SR, JK, D and T flip-flops

Course Handout
20 4 14-Mar-17 JK Master Slave Flip-flop
21 4 16-Mar-17 Conversion of flip-flops
22 4 16-Mar-17 Tutorial: Try flip flop using logic Lab
23 4 17-Mar-17 Registers -SISO,SIPO, PISO, PIPO
24 4 21-Mar-17 Counters : Asynchronous Counters
25 4 23-Mar-17 Modulus of a counter – Mod N counters.
26 5 23-Mar-17 Synchronous counters: Preset and clear

modes
27 5 24-Mar-17 Counter Synthesis: Ring counter
28 5 28-Mar-17 Johnson Counter
29 5 30-Mar-17 Tutorial: Design of Mod n counters
30 5 30-Mar-17 Mod N counter, Decade counter
31 5 31-Mar-17 State Machines: State transition diagram
32 5 4-Apr-17 Moore and Mealy Machines
33 5 6-Apr-17 Design equation and circuit diagram
34 6 7-Apr-17 Digital to Analog conversion – R-2R ladder
35 6 11-Apr-17 weighted resistors.
36 6 18-Apr-17 Analog to Digital Conversion - Flash ADC
37 6 20-Apr-17 Successive approximation
38 6 20-Apr-17 Tutorial: Solve problems
39 6 21-Apr-17 Memory Basics, Read and Write
40 6 25-Apr-17 Addressing, ROMs, PROMs and EPROMs,

RAMs
41 6 27-Apr-17 Sequential Programmable Logic Devices

Course Handout
42 6 4-May-17 PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction and basic

concepts only)
43 6 9-May-17 Introduction to VHDL,Implementation of
AND, OR, half adder and full adder.
44 6 11-May- Tutorial: Opensources available for VHDL
17

Course Handout
3.3 TUTORIALS
Self-Learning
Hamming Error – Correction code
Solve: Example
Determine the single-error-correcting code for the BCD number 1001 using even parity.
Step1: Find the number of parity bit : p=3 for m=4

Step 2: construct bit position table
BIT P1 P2 M1 P3 M2 M3 M4
DESIGNAION
BIT POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BINARY 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
POSITION
NUMMBER
Information bit 1 0 0 1
Parity bit 0 0 1
Step 3:Determine parity bit as follows:
Bit P1 checks position 1, 3, 5 and 7 and must be a zero as there are even parity of bits
Bit P2 checks position 2,3,6, and 7 and must be 0
Bit P3 checks position 4, 5, 6 and 7 and must be 1
Thus the number is → 0011001
 How to Detect an error
Single precision floating point
Convert 3.248 X 104 to single precision floating point binary

3.248 X 104 =32480 = 1111110111000002 = 1.11111011100000 X 214
14+127 = 141 = 100011012
The complete floating point number is
0 10001101 11111011100000000000000

Course Handout

Course Handout

Course Handout

Course Handout

Course Handout

Course Handout
Implement simple logic and flip flops in Logic Lab.

Course Handout
3.4 ASSIGNMENTS
MODULE 1: NUMBER SYSTEM AND CODES
1. Express the following numbers in decimal: (10110.0101)2, (16.5)16, and (26.24)8

2. Convert the following numbers to hexadecimal and to decimal a) 1.11010 b) 1110.10
Explain why the decimal answer in (b) is 8 times that of (a).
3. Convert the hexadecimal number 68BE to binary and then from binary convert it to
octal.
4. Convert the decimal number 345 to binary in two ways: (a) convert directly to binary;
(b) convert first to hexadecimal, then from hexadecimal to binary, Which method is
faster?
5. Obtain the 1’s and 2’s complements of the following binary numbers:
a. 11101010 b) 01111110 c) 00000001 d) 10000000 e) 00000000
6. Perform subtraction on the following unsigned binary number using 2’s-complement
of the subtrahend. Where the result should be negative, 2’s complement it and affix a
minus sign. a) 11011 – 11001 b) 110100 – 10101 c) 1011 – 110000 d) 101010 –
101011
7. Represent decimal number 6027 in (a) BCD (b) excess-3 code, (c) 2421 code. 6 0 2 7
a) BCD 0110 0000 0010 0111 b) EXCESS-3 1001 0011 0101 1010 c) 2421 1100
0000 0010 1101
MODULE 2: LOGIC GATES
1. A locker has been rented in the bank. Express the process of opening the locker
in terms of digital operation.
2. A bulb in a staircases has two switches, one switch being at the ground floor and the
other one at the first floor. The bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by
and one of the switches irrespective of the state of the other switch. The logic of
switching of the bulb resembles. (a) an AND gate (b) an OR gate (c) an XOR gate (d)
a NAND gate
MODULE 5:
1. Design mod-10 synchronous counter using JK Flip Flops. Check for the lock out
condition. If so,how the lock-out condition can be avoided? Draw the neat state
diagram and circuit diagram with Flip Flops.
MODULE 6:
1. Briefly give an introduction of :

a) PAL
b) PLA
c) FPGA

Course Handout
4. EE206 MATERIAL SCIENCE

Course Handout

PROGRAMME: Electrical & DEGREE: B.TECH
Electronics Engineering
COURSE: Material Science SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EE COURSE TYPE: CORE
206REGULATION: UG
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Material CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours/Week.
Science
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE LAB COURSE NAME: Nil
CODE (IF ANY): Nil
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Conducting Materials: Conductivity- dependence on 8
temperature and composition – Materials for electrical
applications such as resistance, machines, solders etc.
Semiconductor Materials: Concept, materials and properties-
I – Basic ideas of Compound semiconductors, amorphous andorganic
semiconductors- applications.
Dielectrics: Introduction to Dielectric polarization and
classification –Clausius Mosotti relation- Behavior of
dielectric in static and alternating fields
Insulating materials and classification- properties- Commoninsulating 6
materials used in electrical apparatus-Inorganic,organic, liquid and
II gaseous insulators- capacitor materials-
Electro-negative gases- properties and application of SF6 gasand its
mixtures with nitrogen
Ferro electricity.
Dielectric Breakdown: Mechanism of breakdown ingases, liquids and 7
solids –basic theories includingTownsend's criterion, Streamer
III mechanism, suspendedparticle theory, intrinsic breakdown, electro-
mechanicalbreakdown- Factors influencing Ageing of insulators-
Application of vacuum insulation- Breakdown in highvacuum-Basics
of treatment and testing of transformeroil.
Magnetic Materials: Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles- 7
Classification of magnetic materials -Curie-Weiss law-Properties and
IV application of iron, alloys of iron- Hard andsoft magnetic materials–
Ferrites- Magnetic materials used inelectrical machines, instruments
and relays-
Superconductor Materials:-Basic Concept- typescharacteristics- 7
applicationsSolar Energy Materials: Photo thermal conversion-Solar
V selective coatings for enhanced solar thermalenergy collection –
Photovoltaic conversion – Solar cells-Silicon, Cadmium sulphide and
Gallium arsenic –Organic solar cells.

Course Handout
Modern Techniques for materials studies: Opticalmicroscopy – 7

VI Electron microscopy – Photo electronspectroscopy – Atomic
absorption spectroscopy –Introduction to Biomaterials and
Nanomaterials
TOTAL HOURS 42
T Dekker A.J : Electrical Engineering Materials, Prentice Hall of India
T G K Mithal : Electrical Engg Material Science. Khanna Publishers.
R Tareev, Electrical Engineerin Materials, Mir Publications
R Meinal A.B and Meinal M. P., Applied Solar Energy – An Introduction, Addisos
Wesley
R Nasser E., Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization and Plasma Electronics, Wiley
Seriesin Plasma Physics, 1971
R Naidu M. S. and V. Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004
R Indulkar O.S &Thiruvegadam S., An Introduction to electrical Engineering
Materials, S.Chand
R Agnihotri O. P and Gupta B. K, Solar selective Surface, John wiley
R Seth. S.P and Gupta P. V, A Course in Electrical Engineering Materials,

Dhanpathrai
Nil
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To impart knowledge in the field of material science and their applications in
electricalengineering
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION BLOOM’S
TAXONOMY
LEVEL
1 Describe the characteristics of conducting and Knowledge
semiconducting materials [Level 1]
2 Classify magnetic materials and describe different laws Comprehension
related to them [Level 2]
3 Classify and describe different insulators and to explain the Comprehension
behaviour of dielectrics instatic and alternating fields [Level 2]
4 Describe the mechanisms of breakdown in solids, liquids Comprehension
and gases [Level 2]
Course Handout
5 Classify and describe Solar energy materials and Comprehension

superconducting materials [Level 2]
6 Gain knowledge in the modern techniques for material Knowledge
studies [Level 1]

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO1PSO2PSO3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
C 206.1 3 1
C 206. 2 3 1
C206. 3 3 1 1
C206. 4 3 1 1
C206. 5 3 1 1
C206.6 3 3 1
EE 206 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:

Mapping L/H/ Justification
M
C206.1-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of conducting,
semiconducting and dielectric materials.
C206.2-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of insulating
materials
C206.3-PO1 H Student will understand the mechanism of dielectric break down
related theories.
C206.4-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of magnetic
materials
C206.5-PO1 H Student will be able understand the fundamentals of
superconductivity and solar energy materials
C206.6-PO1 H Student will be able understand modern techniques for materials
studies
C206.6-PO2 H Student will be able to comprehend the application of different

Course Handout
characterization techniques for understanding specific material

properties

REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED RELEVANCE RELEVANCE
ACTIONS WITH POs WITH PSOs
1. Basics of chemical Additional 1 1
bonding Class

VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC

SL DESCRIPTION PROPOSED RELEVANCE RELEVANCE
NO. ACTIONS WITH Pos WITH PSOs
1 Introduction to nanoelectronics Assignments, 1,12 1,2
seminars

1 www.nptel.ac.in/courses/cirucuittheory
☑ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD. ☑ TESTS/MODEL ☑UNIV.
☐ STUD. LAB ☐STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
PRACTICES PROJECTS
COURSES

Course Handout
OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) FACULTY (TWICE)
Dr. Pramod K Namboothiri Ms.Santhi B

HOD EEE

Course Handout
4.2 COURSE PLAN
Sl.No Module Planned Planned

Date
1 1 01-02-17 Introduction –Basics, Course objectives
2 1 02-02-17 Conductivity- Introduction
3 1 03-02-17 Conductivity- dependence on temperature and

composition
4 1 06-02-17 Materials for electrical applications such as
resistance, machines, solders etc
5 1 08-02-17 Semiconductor Materials: Concept, materials and
properties
6 1 09-02-17 Compound semiconductors, amorphous and
organic semiconductors- applications
7 1 10-02-17 Dielectrics: Introduction to Dielectric polarization
and classification
8 1 13-02-17 Clausius Mosotti relation
9 1 15-02-17 Behaviour of dielectric in static and alternating

fields
10 2 16-02-17 Insulating materials and classification- properties-
Commoninsulating materials used in electrical
apparatus
11 2 17-02-17 Inorganicorganic, liquid and gaseous insulators-
capacitor materials
12 2 20-02-17 Electro-negative gases- properties and application
of SF6 gas and its mixtures with nitrogen
13 2 22-02-17 Ferro electricity.
14 23-02-17 FIRST INTERNAL EXAMINATION
15 3 27-02-17 Dielectric Breakdown- introduction
16 3 01-03-17 Mechanism of breakdown in

gases, liquids and solids
17 3 02-03-17 Townsend's criterion, Streamer mechanism,
suspendedparticle theory
18 3 03-03-17 intrinsic breakdown, electro-mechanical
breakdown
19 3 06-03-17 Factors influencing Ageing of insulators

Course Handout
20 3 08-03-17 Application of vacuum insulation- Breakdown in

highvacuum
19 3 09-03-17 Basics of treatment and testing of transformeroil.
20 4 10-03-17 Introduction to Magnetism
21 4 13-03-17 Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles-
22 4 15-03-17 Classification of magnetic materials
23 4 16-03-17 Curie-Weiss law
24 4 17-03-17 Properties and application of iron, alloys of iron
25 4 20-03-17 Hard andsoft magnetic materials– Ferrites-
26 4 22-03-17 Magnetic materials used in

electrical machines, instruments and relays-
27 5 23-03-17 Superconductor Materials:-Basic Concept-
typescharacteristics-applications
28 5 24-03-17 Solar Energy Materials Introduction
29 5 27-03-17 Photo thermal conversion
30 5 29-03-17 Solar selective coatings for enhanced solar

thermalenergy collection
31 5 30-03-17 Photovoltaic conversion
32 5 31-03-17 SECOND INTERNAL EXAMINATION
33 5 03-04-17 Solar cells-Silicon, Cadmium sulphide and

Gallium arsenic
34 5 05-04-17 Organic solar cells.
35 6 06-04-17 Modern Techniques for materials studies:

Introduction
36 6 07-04-17 Opticalmicroscopy
37 6 10-04-17 Electron microscopy
38 6 12-04-17 Photo electronspectroscopy

Course Handout
39 6 17-04-17 Atomic absorption spectroscopy
40 6 19-04-17 Introduction to Biomaterials
41 6 20-04-17 Nanomaterials
42 6 21-04-17 Nanomaterials

Course Handout
5. EE208 MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Course Handout

PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics DEGREE: B.TECH
Engineering
COURSE: Measurements & SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 4
Instrumentation
COURSE CODE: EE 208 COURSE TYPE: CORE
REGULATION: UG
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial)
Measurements hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE LAB COURSE NAME: Nil
(IF ANY): Nil
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
General principles of measurements – measurement
systemmeasurementstandards – characteristics - errors in
measurementcalibrationof meters- significance of IS standards of
Instruments.
I Classification of meters - operating forces - essentials of 9
indicatinginstruments - deflecting, damping, controlling torques.
Ammeters and voltmeters - moving coil, moving iron,constructional
details and operating, principles shunts andmultipliers – extension of
range.
Measurement of resistance: measurement of insulationresistance - loss
of charge method, measurement of earthresistance.
II Measurement of power and energy: Dynamometer type wattmeter – 10
1-phase and 3-phase power measurement – 1-phase and 3-phaseenergy
meters (induction type) – electronic energy meter, TODmeter.
Introduction to high voltage and high current
measurements:Measurement of high DC voltages - measurement of
high ACvoltages - electrostatic voltmeters – sphere gaps - DC
III Halleffect sensors - high current measurements. 9
Study of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU).
Current transformers and potential transformers – principle working,
ratio and phase angle errors – numerical problems, Clampon meters.
Magnetic Measurements: Measurement of flux and permeability -flux
meter - hall effect Gaussmeter - BH curve and permeability
IV measurement - hysteresis measurement- ballistic galvanometer – 9
principle- determination of BH curve - hysteresis loop. LloydFisher
square — measurement of iron lossesMeasurement of rotational speed
using proximity sensors andoptical sensors.
DC & AC potentiometers - General Principle - calibration of ammeter,
voltmeter and wattmeter using potentiometer.
V AC Bridges: Maxwell’s bridge- Schering bridge and Wien’s 9
bridgeOscilloscopes – Basic principle of signal display - Block
diagramand principle of operation of general purpose CRO –
verticaldeflecting system - horizontal deflection system - basic

Course Handout
sweepgenerator - XY mode and Lissajous patterns - applications of

CRO -dual trace oscilloscope.digital storage oscilloscope
Transducers - Definition and classification - common transducersfor
measurement of displacement, velocity, flow, liquid level,
force,pressure, strain and temperature - basic principles and working
VI ofLVDT, electromagnetic and ultrasonic flow 9
meters,piezoelectricforce transducer, load cell, strain gauge-
bridgeconfiguration for four strain gauges, RTD,
Thermistors,thermocouple,
Need for instrumentation system, data acquisition system.
TOTAL HOURS 55
T Sawhney A.K., A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements &
instrumentation, DhanpatRai .
T J. B. Gupta, A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation., S
K Kataria& Sons
T Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012
R Golding E.W., Electrical Measurements & Measuring Instruments, Wheeler Pub.
R Cooper W.D., Modern Electronics Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of India
R Stout M.B., Basic Electrical Measurements, Prentice Hall
R Oliver & Cage, Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, McGraw Hill
R E.O Doebelin and D.N Manik, Doebelin’s Measurements Systems, sixth edition,
McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.
R P.Purkait, B.Biswas, S.Das and C. Koley, Electrical and Electronics Measurements
and
Instrumentation, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2013
BE101 03 Introduction to Electrical Basic concepts in electrical I
Engineering engineering.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To develop understanding of various electrical measuring instruments and
instrumentation devices

Course Handout
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
1 Students will be able to compare different types Analysis
of instruments, their working principles [Level 4]
advantages and disadvantages
2 Students will be able to explain the operating Comprehension
principles of various ammeters, voltmeters and [Level 2]
ohm meters
3 Students will be able to measure single phase & Knowledge
three phase power usingwattmeters [Level 1]
4 Students will be able to summarize different flux Synthesis
and permeability measurements methods [Level 5]
5 Students will be able to differentiateAC Analysis
potentiometers and bridges [Level 4]
6 Students will be able to explainthe working and Application
applications of cathode ray oscilloscope [Level 3]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3
C 208.1 3 3 2 2 2 2
C 208. 2 2 2
C 208. 3 3 2 2 2 2
C 208. 4 3 2
C 208. 5 3 3 2
C 208.6 3 2 2
EE 208 3 3 - 3 3 - - - 2 2 - 2 2 2 2

Course Handout
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING
Mapping L/H/ Justification

M
C208.1-PO1 H Students will have a general idea of various types of measuring
instruments
C208.1-PO2 H Students will be able to identify and provide solutions to problems
associated with instrument systems
C208.1-PO5 M Students will be able to select the apt instrument based on the
application requirements
C208.2-PO10 M Students can improve their communication skills while explaining
the working of various instruments
C208.3-PO4 H Students will be able to design experimental setups to measure the
power consumed in a circuit
C208.3-PO9 M Students can improve their ability to work as a team while
conducting power measurement experiments
C208.3-PO12 M Students will be able to utilise the knowledge of power
measurement while working in an industry
C208.4-PO2 H Students will be able to analyze the flux B-H curves of any
magnetic specimen
C208.5-PO1 H Students can apply knowledge of Engineering fundamentals to
study the working of various potentiometers
C208.5-PO2 H Students canidentify and analyse working of various bridges used
for measurement
C208.6-PO1 H Students will be able to observe various waveforms of any circuit
on a CRO
C208.6-PO2 M Students will be able to observe waveforms and provide valid
suggestions for the improvement of the circuit

REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED MAPPING
ACTIONS WITH POs
1 Introduction to digital measurements and Industrial 1, 2, 3, 5
instrumentation. Visits

Course Handout

1 Introduction to measurement of symmetrical components and neutral shift voltage
2 Applications of different measuring instruments in industries.

1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in
2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
3 Prof. G.D. Roy, Prof. N.K. De, Prof. T.K. Bhattacharya, Basic Electrical Technology,
www.nptel.com, retrieved on July 05, 2013 from URL:
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur
☑ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD. ☑ TESTS/MODEL ☑UNIV.
☐ STUD. LAB ☑ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
PRACTICES PROJECTS
COURSES
OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) FACULTY (TWICE)
Ms. Sreepriya R Ms. Santhi B

HOD EEE

Course Handout
5.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl. No. Module Date Planned
1 2-Feb –17 General Principles Of Measurements – Measurement System
2 3-Feb –17 Measurement Standards – Characteristics
3 6-Feb –17 Errors In Measurement - Calibration Of Meters
4 7-Feb –17 Significance Of IS Standards Of Instruments

Classification Of Meters
5 9-Feb –17 Essentials Of Indicating Instruments - Operating Forces - Deflecting,
Damping, Controlling Torques
1
6 10-Feb –17 Ammeters And Voltmeters - Moving Coil
7 10-Feb –17 Ammeters And Voltmeters - Moving Iron
8 13-Feb –17 Shunts And Multipliers
9 14-Feb –17 Extension Of Range Of Meters
10 16 - Feb -17 Tutorials
11 17 - Feb -17 Introduction – Measurement Of Resistance
12 20 - Feb -17 Measurement Of Insulation Resistance - Loss Of Charge Method
13 21 - Feb -17 Measurement Of Earth Resistance
14 23 - Feb -17 Dynamometer Type Wattmeter
15 27 - Feb -17 1-Phase Power Measurement

2
16 28 - Feb -17 3-Phase Power Measurement
17 2- Mar -17 1-Phase And 3-Phase Energy Meters (Induction Type)
18 6- Mar -17 Electronic Energy Meter
19 7- Mar -17 TOD Meter – Tutorials
20 9- Mar -17 Measurement Of High DC Voltages
21 10- Mar -17 Measurement Of High AC Voltages

3
22 10- Mar -17 Electrostatic Voltmeters – Sphere Gaps

Course Handout
23 13- Mar -17 Dc Hall Effect Sensors - High Current Measurements
24 14- Mar -17 Phasor Measurement Units
25 16- Mar -17 Current Transformers – Principle Working, Ratio And Phase Angle
Errors
26 17- Mar -17 Potential Transformers – Principle Working, Ratio And Phase Angle
Errors
27 20- Mar -17 Tutorials
28 21- Mar -17 Clamp On Meters.
29 23- Mar -17 Magnetic Measurements: Measurement Of Flux And Permeability
30 24- Mar -17 Flux Meter
31 24- Mar -17 Hall Effect Gaussmeter
32 27- Mar -17 BH Curve Permeability Measurement
33 28- Mar -17 Hysteresis Measurement

4
34 30- Mar -17 Ballistic Galvanometer – Principle -Determination Of BH Curve -
Hysteresis Loop.
35 31- Mar -17 LloydFisher Square — Measurement Of Iron Losses
36 3- Apr -17 Measurement Of Rotational Speed Using Proximity Sensors
37 4- Apr -17 Optical Sensors.
38 6- Apr -17 Tutorials
39 7- Apr -17 DC &AC Potentiometers - General Principle
40 7- Apr -17 Calibration Of Ammeter, Voltmeter
41 10- Apr -17 Calibration Of Wattmeter
42 11- Apr -17 AC Bridges: Maxwell’s Bridge

5
43 17- Apr -17 Schering Bridge And Wien’s Bridge
44 18- Apr -17 Oscilloscopes – Basic Principle Of Signal Display
45 20- Apr -17 Block Diagram And Principle Of Operation Of General Purpose CRO
46 21- Apr -17 Vertical Deflecting System - Horizontal Deflection System - Basic
Sweep Generator

Course Handout
47 24- Apr -17 XY Mode And LissajousPatterns
48 25- Apr -17 Dual Trace Oscilloscope - Digital Storage Oscilloscope
49 27- Apr -17 Transducers - Definition And Classification
50 28- Apr -17 Displacement, Velocity, Flow, Liquid Level Transducers
51 28- Apr -17 Force, Pressure, Strain And Temperature Transducers
52 2- May -17 Electromagnetic And Ultrasonic Flow Meters
53 4- May -17 Piezoelectric Force Transducer

6
54 5- May -17 Load Cell, Strain Gauge Bridge Configuration For Four Strain Gauges
55 8- May -17 RTD, Thermistors, Thermocouple
56 9- May -17 Tutorials
57 11- May -17 Test Paper

Course Handout
5.3 TUTORIALS
Q.1. A PMMC ammeter gives a reading of 35mA when connected across two opposite
corners of bridge rectifier, the other corners of bridge rectifier, the other two corners of
which are connected in series with a capacitor to 100kV,50 Hz supply. Determine the
capacitance?
Q.2. A spring controlled moving iron voltmeter reads correctly on 250V DC. Calculate the
scale reading when 250V AC is applied at 50 Hz. The instrument coil has a resistance of
500Ω and an inductance of 1H and the series non-reactive resistance is 2000Ω.
Q.3. A basic D’Arsonval meter movement with an internal resistance of Rin= 100Ω and a full
scale current of Im=1mA is to be converted into a multiranged.c.voltmeter with ranges of 0-
10V, 0-50V, 0-250V and 0-500V. Calculate the values of the resistance using a potential
divider arrangement.
Q.4.The torque of an ammeter varies as the square of the current through it. If a current of 5A
produces a deflection of 90̊ , what deflection will occur for a current of 3A when the
instrument is (a) spring controlled ; (b) gravity controlled.
Q.5.Design an Ayrton shunt to provide an ammeter with current ranges of 1A, 5A and IOA.
A basic meter with an internal resistance of 50Ω and a full scale deflection current of 1mA is
to be used.
Q.6. Each of the ratio arms of a laboratory type Wheatstone bridge has guaranteed accuracy
of ±0.05%, while the standard arm has a guaranteed accuracy of ± 0.1%. The ratio arms are
both set at 1000Ω and bridge is balanced with standard arm adjusted to 3154Ω. Determine
the upper and lower limits of the unknown resistance , based upon the guaranteed accuracies
of the known bridge arms.
Q.7.A Maxwell’s inductance-capacitance bridge is used to measure an unknown inductance

in comparison with capacitance. The various values at balance R 2: (known non-inductive
resistance in the arm ad) = 400Ω. R3 : (known non-inductive resistance in the arm bc) =
600Ω. R4 : (known non-inductive resistance in the arm cd) = 0.5μF. Calculate the parameters
of the coil. Also calculate the value of storage Q factor of coil if frequency is 1000Hz.
Q.8. Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a standard Wien
bridge to mill with the following component values: R1 =2.8K, R4 =80K, C1 =4.8μF, f=2kHz.
Q.9. In a simple slide wire d.c. potentiometer, the voltage drop across a standard resistor of
0.1Ω is balanced at 80cm. Find the current if the standard cell e.m.f. of 1.45 volt is balanced
at 40 cm.
Q.10. In a Kelvin’s double bridge , there is error due to mismatch between the ratios of outer
and inner arm resistances. The following data relate to this bridge. Standard resistance =

Course Handout
100.03μΩ, Inner ratio arms = 100.31Ω, and 200Ω. Outer ratio arms = 100.24Ω and 200Ω.
The resistance of connecting leads from standard to unknown resistor is 680μΩ. Calculate the
unknown resistance.
Q.11. A bakelite sheet of 5mm thickness is tested at 50 Hz between the electrodes 12cm in
diameter. The Schering bridge used has an air capacitor C2 of 106pF, a non-reactive
resistance R4 of (1000/π)Ω in parallel with a variable capacitor C4 and a non-reactive
variable resistance R3. Balance is obtained with C4 = 0.55μF and R3 = 270Ω. Refer Figure
Determine the following:
(a) Capacitance
(b) Power Factor
(c) Relative Permittivity of the sheet.
Q.12.A low resistaance was measured by Kelvin double bridge. At balance the components
are found as follows:
Standard resistor = 100.03μΩ, inner ratio arms = 100.31Ω and 200Ω, resistance of link
connecting the standard and unknown resistance = 700μΩ. Calculate the unknown
resistance.
Q.13.Find the series equivalent inductance and resistance of the network that causes an
opposite angle (Hay bridge) to null the following bridge arms in the above figure
ω=3000rad/s, R2 = 9kΩ, R1= 1.8kΩ, C1 = 0.9μF, R3= 0.9kΩ.

Course Handout
Q.14. In a Kelvin double bridge , there is error due to mismatch between the ratios of outer
and inner arm resistance. The following data relate to this bridge:
Standard resistance = 100.03μΩ, inner ratio arms = 100.21Ω and 200Ω, outer ratio arms =
100.14Ω and 200Ω. The resistance of the connecting leads from standard to unknown
resistance is 700μΩ. Calculate the unknown resistance.
Q.15. Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a Wien bridge
to null with the following component values:
R1= 3.1kΩ, C1= 5.2μF, R2= 25kΩ, R4 =100kΩ, f= 2.5kHz
Q.16.What are theadvantages and demerits of a Schering bridges? A Schering bridge has the
following constants :-
Arm AB: Capacitor of 0.5μF in parallel with 1 KΩ resistance.
Arm BC: Resistance of 3 kΩ
Arm CD: Unknown Cx and Rx in series
Arm DA: Capacitor of 0.5μF
Frequency : 1000Hz
Determine (i) the unknown Cx and Rx and (ii) Dissipation factor.
Q.17. The followingdata relate to an Anderson bridge. The arms BC, CD and DA consist of
resistances having values 1000Ω, 1000Ω and 5000Ω respectively. Aresistance of 100Ω and a
capacitance of 3μF are connected respectively to the arms DF and CF. An AC supply of 100
Hz is applied between the terminals A and C and a detector is connected between the
terminals B and F. The detector indicates null under the above conditions. Determine the
values of R and L connected to the arm AB.
Q.18.The four arms of a bridge are:
Arm ab : an imperfect capacitor C1 with an equivalent resistance of r1
Arm bc : a non-inductive resistance R3
Arm cd : a non-inductive resistance R4
Arm ba : an imperfect capacitor C2 with an equivalent resistance r2 in series with R2
A supply of 45 Hz is given across terminals a and c . Detector is corrected between b and d.

At balance R2 = 4.8Ω, R3 =2000Ω, R4 = 2850Ω , C2 =0.5μF and r2 = 0.4Ω. Calculate the
value of C1 and r1 and also the dissipating factor for this capacitor.

Course Handout
Q.19. A single-phase energy meter having a constant of 100 revolutions per kWh make
revolutions , when the connected load draws a current of 42 A at 230 V and 0.4p.f. for an
hour. Calculate the percentage error.
Q.20.The inductive reactance of the pressure coil circuit of a dynamometer wattmeter is 0.4%
resistance at normal frequency and the capacitance is negligible . Calculate the percent error
and correction factor due to reactance for loads at (i) 0.707p.f. lagging (ii) 0.5 p.f . lagging.
Q.21. A wattmeter has a current coil of 0.1Ω resistance and a pressure coil of 6500Ω
resistance . Calculate the percentage errors , due to resistance only with each of the methods
of connection , when reading the input to an apparatus which takes:
(a) 12 A at 250 V with unity power factor; and
(b) 12 A at 250 V with 0.4 power factor
Q.22.An electrodynamometer wattmeter is used for measurement of power in single-phase

circuit. The load voltage is 100 V and the load current is 9A at a lagging power factor of 0.1.
The wattmeter voltage circuit has a resistance of 3kΩ and an inductance of 30mH. Estimate
the percentage error in the wattmeter reading when the pressure coil is connected (i) on the
supply side; and (ii) on the load side. The current coil has a resistance of 0.1Ω and negligible
inductance. The frequency is 50 Hz.
Q.23. In a dynamometer wattmeter the moving coil has 500 turns of mean diameter 30mm.
Calculate the torque if the axes of the field and moving coils are at 60̊ when the density in the
field coils is (15 * 10^ -3) Wb/m2 . The current in the moving coil is 0.05A and the power
factor is 0.866.
Q.24.The current coilof a dynamometer wattmeter is connected to a 24 V d.c. source in series

with a 6Ω resistor. The potential circuit is connected through an ideal rectifier in series with a
50Hz of 100V. The inductance of pressure circuit and current coil resistance are negligible.
Compute the reading of the wattmeter.
Q.25. A 230V single phase watt hour meter has a constant load of 4A passing through it for 6
Hrs at unity power factor. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions per kWh , calculate the
power factor of the load if the number of revolutions made by the meter are 1472 when
operating at 230V and 5A for 4 Hrs.
Q.26.The scale of a moving coil voltmeter is divided into 100 divisions. The dimensions of
the coil are 3cm and 2.5 cm and has 150 turns. The air gap flux density is 0.15 wb/m 2.
Determine the series resistance when the meter is to be used for 0-100V. The spring constant
is 2.5*10-6 Nm per division and the resistance of the coil is 1Ω.
Q.27. A 150 V Moving Iron voltmeter has an inductance of 0.75 henry and a total resistance
of 2000Ω. It is calibrated to read correctly on a 50 Hz circuit. What series resistance would
be necessary to increase its range to 600V.

Course Handout
Q.28.A 250 V, single phase energy meter has a constant load current of 4A passing through it
for 5 hours at unity power factor. If the meter makes 1200 revolutions during this period,
what is the meter constant? If the load power factor is 0.8, find the number of revolutions the
disc will make in the above time.
Q.29. A 1000/5 A current transformer, bar primary type has loss component of exciting
current equal to 0.7% of the primary current. Find the ratio error
(i) when turns ratio is equal to nominal ratio
(ii) when the secondary turns is reduced by 5%
Q.30. The meter element of a PMMC instrument has a resistance of 5Ω and requires 15mA
for full scale deflection. Calculate the resistance to be connected (i) in parallel to enable the
instrument to read upto 1 A; (ii) in series to enable it to read upt0 15V.
Q.31.A 15 V moving iron voltmeter has a resistance of 300Ω and an inductance of 0.12H.
Assume that the voltmeter reads correctly on d.c., what will be the percentage error when the
instrument is used in 15V a.c . supply at 100 Hz.
Q.32.A 50A, 230 V energymeter on full-load makes 61 revolutions in 37 seconds. If the

meter constant is 520 rev/kWh , find the percentage error.

Course Handout
5.4 ASSIGNMENTS
Assignment 1 Submission Date: On or before 15 – 03 - 2017
1. Write short notes on standards of measurement

2. Briefly describe the working of proximity sensors and optical sensors used for speed
measurement
Assignment 2 Submission Date: On or before 17 – 04 - 2017
Write short notes on
a) Dual Trace Oscilloscope
b) Digital Storage Oscilloscope
c) Data Acquisition System

Course Handout
6. HS200 BUSINESS ECONOMICS

Course Handout

PROGRAMME: Electrical and Electronics DEGREE: B.TECH
Engineering,
COURSE: BUSINESS ECONOMICS SEMESTER: 4 CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: HS200 COURSE TYPE: CORE
REGULATION: 2017
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: CONTACT HOURS: 3-0-0
APPLIED ECONOMICS
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE LAB COURSE NAME: NA
(IF ANY): NIL
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Business Economics and its role in managerial decision making- meaning-
scope-relevance-economic problems-scarcity Vs choice (2
Hrs)-Basic concepts in economics-scarcity, choice, resource
I 4
allocation- Trade-off-opportunity cost-marginal analysis- marginal
utility theory, Law of diminishing marginal utility -production
possibility curve (2 Hrs)
Basics of Micro Economics I Demand and Supply analysis - equilibrium-
elasticity (demand and supply) (3 Hrs.) -Production
II concepts-average product-marginal product-law of variable 6
proportions- Production function-Cobb Douglas function-problems
(3 Hrs.)
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Basics of Micro Economics II Concept of costs-marginal, average,
fixed, variable costs-cost curves-shut down point-long run and short
III run (3 Hrs.)- Break Even Analysis-Problem-Markets-Perfect 8
Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly - Cartel
and collusion (3 Hrs.)
Basics of Macro Economics - Circular flow of income-two sector
and multi-sector models- National Income Concepts-Measurement
methods -problems-Inflation, deflation (4 Hrs.)-Trade cycles-Money - stock
IV and flow concept-Quantity theory of money-Fischer’s Equation 9
and Cambridge Equation -velocity of circulation of money-credit
control methods-SLR, CRR, Open Market Operations-Repo and
Reverse Repo rate-emerging concepts in money-bit coin (4 Hrs.)
SECOND INTERNAL EXAM

Course Handout
Business Decisions I-Investment analysis-Capital Budgeting-NPV,

IRR, Profitability Index, ARR, Payback Period (5 Hrs.)- Business
V
decisions under certainty-uncertainty-selection of alternatives-risk
And sensitivity- cost benefits analysis-resource management (4 Hrs.).
Business Decisions II Balance sheet preparation-principles and
Interpretation- forecasting techniques (7 Hrs.)-business financing sources of
VI capital- Capital and money markets-international 9
financing-FDI, FPI, FII-Basic Principles of taxation-direct tax,
Indirect tax-GST (2 hrs.)
TOTAL HOURS 36

T Geetika, Piyali Ghosh and Chodhury, Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2015
T Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning, 2006
R1 Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill, 11th edition, 2010
R2 T.N.Hajela.Money, Banking and Public Finance. Anne Books. New Delhi
R3 C Rangarajan, Indian Economy, Essays on monetary and finance, UBS
R4 I.M .Pandey, Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House. New Delhi
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To familiarize the prospective engineers with elementary Principles of Economics and

1
Business Economics.
To acquaint the students with tools and techniques that are useful in their profession in
2
Business Decision Making which will enhance their employability;
3 To apply business analysis to the “firm” under different market conditions;
To apply economic models to examine current economic scenario and evaluate policy
4
options for addressing economic issues
To gain understanding of some Macroeconomic concepts to improve their ability to
5
understand the business climate;
To prepare and analyse various business tools like balance sheet, cost benefit analysis and
6
rate of returns at an elementary level
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION

Course Handout
1 Students will be able to understand business economic concepts

2 Students will be able to nurture the idea of start-ups
Students will be able to analyse the basic macro – economic concepts and monetary
3
theory
4 Students will be able to build up decision making skill under uncertain business climate
Students will be able to develop their professional skills by combining their technical
5
knowledge with appropriate economic models
Students will be able to understand the basics of financial accounting and relevance of
6
accounting principles
CO-PO MAPPING
CO/PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO 1 1 3
CO 2 3 3 3 3
CO 3 1
CO 4 3 2 2
CO 5 2 3
CO 6 2 2 2
CO-PO JUSTIFICATION
Knowledge about basic economics concepts related to micro and macro
CO1-PO7 economics and model building in tally with engineering economics
Basic economic principles with simple application analysis under different

CO1-PO11 conditions.Production functions and Different types of market conditions
acquainted
Problems introduced in such a way that students start thinking of solutions at

their best. This calls for group decisions where he/she will share ideas among
CO2-PO9 the respective peer group. They start thinking beyond pure engineering since
problems are interconnected
Simple to Complex problems are verified by themselves hence effective

CO2-PO10
interactions are made possible

Course Handout
Economic concepts introduced are applicable under different situations. Hence

CO2-PO11 conceptual application and Solutions can be easily identified
The concepts and models introduced are handy and weighs huge application.
CO2-PO12 Cobb-Douglas Production function, Technical aspects in Production, Decision
tree etc
Cost analysis and Decision analysis pertains to resource constraints. Hence the
CO3-PO7
decision would be made by considering societal resource constraints
Investment analysis, Capital Budgeting, Business decisions under certainty and
CO4-PO4 uncertainty calls for analysis and interpretation of data to find solutions to
complex problems
Business decision under certainty and uncertainty calls for discussion among the
students and arriving at a feasible conclusion. Contradictions arises due to
CO4-PO10
different levels of thinking. This calls for a systematic analysis and presentation
of the problem
Improves decision making skill, interaction and systematic analysis of the
CO4-PO12 problem. An experience that can be carried to the future where students deal
with real life business situations
Knowledge on Simple economic concept applicable in a business climate. PPC,
CO5-PO1 CDF, Opportunity costs, Decision tree etc
Decisions under certainty and uncertainty are a mapping of feasible solutions

CO5-PO5 and identifying the best outcome. Outcomes decided calls for modeling and
prediction
Account keeping calls for interaction among different departments and also
CO6-PO9 knowledge about the same. This facilitates team work and group discussions
Project management involves the student to demonstrate knowledge about

CO6-PO11 different departments in a firm and approach to each departmental problems
form a multi – disciplinary approach
The continuous practicing of technical economic concepts and its applications
CO6-PO12 leads to an experience
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

Course Handout
ACTIONS
Seminars, Talks, web
1 Tax, Indian Economy-some facts about Indian Economy
sources
2 Relevant Economic problems like 1930 and 2008 recession Talks, web
3 International Economics-WTO-BOP Seminar, FM course
Seminar, Web
4 India’s Economic relation with other countries
sources
Seminar, Web
5. Stock Exchange Market
sources.
6 Cost Engineering Class Lectures
Proposed Actions: Topics beyond Syllabus/Assignment/Industry Visit/Guest Lecturer/Nptel
Etc
1 Current Economic policies by RBI and Government of India.

2 Dollar – Rupee Scenario
3 BREXIT
4 Carbon Credit

1 www.rbi.org 4 www. comtrade.org
2 www.asi.org 5 www.euroasiapub.org/ijrim/june2012/
3 www.wto.org 6 www.startupmission.kerala.gov.in
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ☐ WEB RESOURCES ☐LCD/SMART

ASSIGNMENT BOARDS
☐ STUD. ☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ ICT ENABLED
SEMINARS CLASSES
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. ☐ TESTS/MODEL ☐ UNIV.

☐ STUD. LAB ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR ☐
☐ ADD-ON ☐ OTHERS ☐ GROUP
COURSES DISCUSSION(IV)

Course Handout
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES ☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

Saritha V & Reny Elizabeth Dr. Antony T Varghese
(Faculty DBSH) (HOD)

Course Handout
6.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl. Date Planned
No.
1 02-02-2017 Introduction to business economics
2 03-02-2017 Important concepts in business economics
3 06-02-2017 Business economics in detail
4 07-02-2017 Marginal analysis
5 09-02-2017 Production Possibility Curve
6 10-02-2017 Introducing demand concept
7 13-02-2017 Introducing supply concept
8 16-02-2017 Supply -demand practice problems
9 17-02-2017 Production - concepts and curves
10 20-02-2017 Law of variable proportions
11 23-02-2017 Cobb- Douglas Production function
12 24-02-2017 Cost - concepts
13 27-02-2017 cost concepts continued + practice problems
14 02-03-2017 Shut - down point and Break even analysis
15 03-03-2017 Shut - down point and Break even analysis - Practice problems
16 09-03-2017 Markets - Types of markets
17 10-03-2017 Markets - continued
18 13-03-2017 Circular flow of Income
19 16-03-2017 Circular flow of Income - continued
20 17-03-2017 National Income concepts
21 20-03-2017 National Income concepts - continued
22 23-03-2017 Inflation and Deflation
23 24-03-2017 Inflation continued
24 27-03-2017 Trade Cycle
25 30-03-2017 Quantity theory of money
26 31-03-2017 RBI - functions
27 03-04-2017 RBI - functions
28 06-04-2017 BIT coin
29 10-04-2017 Investment analysis - Capital Budgeting
30 13-04-2017 NPV - IRR - Problems
31 14-04-2017 PI - ARR - Pay back period - Problems
32 17-04-2017 Decision theory
33 20-04-2017 Decision theory - continued
34 21-04-2017 decision theory - problems
35 24-04-2017 cost benefit analysis
36 27-04-2017 Resource management
37 28-04-2017 Demand forecasting
38 01-05-2017 Demand forecasting - problems
39 04-05-2017 Business Financing - sources of capital
40 05-05-2017 Capital and Money markets
41 08-05-2017 Balance sheet
42 11-05-2017 Balance sheet - problems
43 12-05-2017 Balance sheet - problems

Course Handout
6.3 ASSIGNMENTS
GROUP
ASSIGNMENTS QUESTIONS
ROLL NO:
Define cost Engineering. Explain the relevance of cost Engineering. What
1–5 are the advantages and disadvantages of cost engineering? Depict some
basic practice problems on cost engineering.
Write a note on startups – Key initiatives of Kerala Govt. For promoting
startups – Identify any 3 startups successfully functioning in Kerala and
6 – 10
make a brief profile of the same – Make a brief sketch of their functioning –
What are the hurdles/bottleneck satrtups face in general.
Define Inflation – Types of inflation – define CPI and WPI measurement of
11-15 inflation – Consequences and effects of inflation – Measures to control
inflation – Define deflation and how does it happen.
Make a note on RBI – Make a current profile of banks coming under the
16-20 control of RBI - what are the functions of RBI – Explain in brief the credit
control methods of RBI – What are the current policy rates of RBI
Define National Income and Briefly quote the concepts of national income
and its calculation - Methods of measuring national income – Problems of
21-25 calculating national income – what are the macroeconomic indicators and
which indicator is the best and why? – Is GDP a real measure of national
Income Y/N?why?
Define tax and the basic principles of taxation – What are the different types
of taxation and quote the countries following corresponding taxation system
26-30 - make a brief note on types of taxes with examples – Narrate the merits and
demerits of direct and indirect taxations – Define tax evasion and tax
avoidance and its consequences
What is international Financing and make a note on relevance of
international financing – Define FDI, FPI, FII and its relevance – Give a
31-35 brief sketch on capital and money markets in India – What are the functions
of Capital and Money markets – Quote the sources of capital and money
markets

Course Handout
Define accounting and scope of management accounting – Functions of

management accounting – Define balance sheet and state the need for
36 – 40 maintaining balance sheet – What are assets and liabilities and give
classifications for Assets and Liabilities – Prepare 4 dummy balance sheet
account (check any accounting text books)
Make a brief history of European Union –What was the trade links of Britain
with European Union before BREXIT - What are the reasons that led to
41-45 BREXIT – What are/will be the consequences of BREXIT for both parties –
What are the advantages for other non-European countries as a result of
BREXIT
Explain the Dollar-Rupee scenarios – Explain the trajectory of the
emergence of dollar as international currency – What is the current position
of Dollar as international currency and why there is a proposal for multiple
46 – 50 international currency now? – What is appreciation of rupee against dollar?
Explain with a simple example. How does it affect the exports and imports
of a country - What is depreciation of rupee against dollar? Explain with a
simple example. How does it affect the exports and imports of a country
What is banking? Its relevance and functions – State the classification of
Banks in India under RBI and its objectives– State the non-banking financial
institutions functioning under RBI and state its functions – Which are the
51-55
financial institutions providing financial aids to startups and briefly explain
the fund scheme they have proposed – Briefly explain the private sector
banks in Kerala and their objectives
What are venture capital funds and its advantages – Name the financial
institutions providing venture capital funds and their schemes in detail –
56-60 Name the non-financial institutions providing venture capital funds and their
schemes in detail – Expalin the stages in venture capital and the risks in
venture capital funds
What are the factors which led to Balance of Payment crisis in 1991 --State
the 1991 economic reforms – Define LPG policies and its merits and
61-66
demerits –– Write a brief note on the reasons that led to 2007-08 recession -
- Write a brief note on ‘Make In India’ Policy

Course Handout
7. EE231 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB 1

Course Handout
PROGRAMME : Electrical & Electronics DEGREE : B.TECH

Engineering
COURSE : Electrical Machines Lab - I SEMESTER : Fourth CREDITS :
COURSE CODE: EE232 1
COURSE TYPE : CORE
REGULATION: UG
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours / week.
Machines
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE LAB COURSE NAME : Nil
(IF ANY): Nil
SYLLABUS:
CYCLE DETAILS HOUR

1. Swinburne’s Test on a DC shunt machine S
2. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator
3. Load test on DC Shunt Generator
4. Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine
5. Three phase connection of single phase transformers
6. Scott Connection of single phase transformers
7. Sumpner’s Test
8. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase
Transformer
I
24
1. Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor

2a. Load Test on DC Series Motor
b. Field’s Test
3. Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines
4. Retardation Test on a DC machine 24
II 5. Load test on a Single Phase Transformer
Total hours
6. Parallel operation of Single Phase Transformers 48
7. Separation of losses in a single phase transformer

8. O.C and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer

Course Handout

T Dr. P. S. Bimbra, Electrical Machinery, Khanna Publishers
T Theraja B. L., A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand & Company, New
Delhi, 2008.

To give exposure to the students
about the concepts of direct
DC Machines and current machines and transformers, S3
EE205 including their constructional
Transformers details, principle of operation and
performance analysis.
The objective of this course is to
BE101- Introduction to Electrical set a firm and solid foundation in
03 Electrical Engineering
Engineering
To equip the students with strong
analytical skills and conceptual
understanding of basic laws and
analysis methods in electrical and in
electrical and magnetic circuits.
S1
COURSE OBJECTIVE
To learn the working and testing methods of DC Machines and Transformers
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Sl. DESCRIPTI Level
No. Students will be able to predictON
the performance of DC machines Application
and Transformers using standard equivalent circuit models
1 [Level3]
Students will be able to select the appropriate machines based on Knowledge

2 the application requirements
[Level 1]

Course Handout
Students will be able to illustrate laboratory data and Comprehension

experimental results using professional quality graphical
3 representations [Level 2]
Students will work in teams to conduct experiments, analyze Analysis
4 results, and develop technically sound reports of outcomes.
[Level 4]
Students will be able to identify faults occurring in machines and Comprehension
5 take necessary corrective measures
[Level 2]

PSO PSO PSO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
C 232.1 3 3 3 2
C 232.2 2 3 3 2
C 232.3 2 2
C 232.4 2 3
C 232.5 3 3 3 2
EE232 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING
C 232.1- H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of DC machines to

PO1 predict their performance
C 232.1- H Students will be able to design system components based on the

PO3 performance characteristics of DC machines & transformers
C 232.1- H Students will be able to provide valid conclusions regarding complex

PO4 engineering based on the characteristics of machines
C 232.2- M Students can apply the knowledge of basic engineering to select

PO1 machines based on the application

Course Handout
C 232.2- H Students will be able to analyze the characteristics of various machines

PO2 and provide substantiated conclusions
C 232.2- H Students will be able to interpret the data the from various experiments
PO4 and provide suggestions for different applications
C 232.3- M Student will be able to easily analyze the characteristics of machines

PO2 using graphical representations
C 232.3- M Student will be able to design solutions for engineering problems from
PO3 graphical representations
C 232.4- M Student will be able to conduct experiments on DC Machines &

PO4 transformers and interpret the data and provide valid suggestions
C 232.4- H Student will be able to work as a team and function effectively in

PO9 multidisciplinary environments
C 232.5- H Student will be able to formulate the problems in the area of fault
PO2 analysis o transformers and dc machines
C 232.5- H Student will be able to design solutions for faults occurring in

PO3 machines
C 232.5- H Students will be able to conduct investigations on machine faults and

PO4 provide valid suggestions

REQUIREMENTS:
Sl. DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

NO: ACTIONS
1 It would be better for students if methods of speed To be included in
control technique for DC motors are included
Syllabus
1 MATLAB _ Simulink model can be used for enhanced learning and understanding
the DC Machines.

Course Handout
1 Prof. P. Sasidhara Rao, Prof. G. Sridhara Rao, Dr. Krishna Vasudevan (July
2012) Electrical Machine – 1 www.nptel.com Retrieved July 11, 2014, from
URL: http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-
MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_I/index.php
CHALK & TALK ☐STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑WEB RESOURCES
☐LCD/SMART ☐STUD. SEMINARS ☐ADD-ON COURSES

BOARDS
☐ASSIGNMENTS ☐STUD. TESTS/MODEL UNIV.

STUD. LAB STUD. VIVA ☐MINI/MAJOR ☐
☐ADD-ON COURSES ☐OTHERS
☐ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
☐ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR ☐OTHERS
(TWICE)
Prepared By; Approved By;
Ms. Jayasri R. Nair Ms. Santhi B
Ms. Prathibha P.K. HOD, EEE

Course Handout
7.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Cycle Planned Planned
Date
1 1 01/02/2017 Introduction to LAB and Experiments -Batch A & Batch
B
2 1 07/02/2017 Swinburne’s Test -Batch A
3 1 08/02/2017 Swinburne’s Test -Batch B
4 1 14/02/2017 Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator-
Batch A
5 1 15/02/2017 Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator-
Batch B
6 1 21/02/2017 Load test on DC Shunt Generator- Batch A
7 1 22/02/2017 Load test on DC Shunt Generator- Batch B
8 1 28/02/2017 Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine- Batch A
9 1 01/03/2017 Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine -Batch B
10 1 07/03/2017 Three phase connection of single phase transformers-

Batch A
11 1 08/03/2017 Three phase connection of single phase transformers-

Batch B
12 1 14/03/2017 Scott Connection of single phase transformers- Batch A
13 1 15/03/2017 Scott Connection of single phase transformers- Batch B
14 1 21/03/2017 Sumpner’s Test- Batch A
15 1 22/03/2017 Sumpner’s Test- Batch B
16 1 28/03/2017 Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase

Transformer- Batch A
17 1 29/03/2017 Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase

Transformer- Batch B
18 2 04/04/2017 Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor & Load Test on DC

Series Motor - Batch A
19 2 05/04/2017 Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor & Load Test on DC
Series Motor - Batch B
20 2 11/04/2017 Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines & Retardation
Test on a DC machine- Batch A
21 2 12/04/2017 Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines & Retardation
Test on a DC machine- Batch B
22 2 18/04/2017 Load test on a Single Phase Transformer & Parallel

Course Handout
operation of Single Phase Transformers- Batch A
23 2 19/04/2017 Load test on a Single Phase Transformer & Parallel

operation of Single Phase Transformers- Batch B
24 2 25/04/2017 Separation of losses in a single phase transformer & O.C

and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer- Batch A
25 2 26/04/2017 Separation of losses in a single phase transformer & O.C
and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer- Batch B
26 1&2 02/05/2017 Repeat + Practice Lab- Batch A
27 1&2 03/05/2017 Repeat + Practice Lab- Batch B
1&2 09/05/2017 Exam - Batch A
28
29 1&2 10/05/2017 Exam - Batch B

Course Handout
7.3 LAB CYCLE
CYCLE I
1. Swinburne’s Test on a DC shunt machine
2. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator
3. Load test on DC Shunt Generator
4. Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine
5. Three phase connection of single phase transformers
6. Scott Connection of single phase transformers
7. Sumpner’s Test
8. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase Transformer
CYCLE II
1. Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor
2. A) Load Test on DC Series Motor
B) Field’s Test
3. Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines
4. Retardation Test on a DC machine
5. Load test on a Single Phase Transformer
6. Parallel operation of Single Phase Transformers
7. Separation of losses in a single phase transformer
8. O.C and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer

Course Handout
7.4 OPEN QUESTIONS
1. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at rated rpm.
2. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at 1000

rpm.
3. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at half

rated speed.
4. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at rated rpm.
5. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at 1000 rpm.
6. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at half rated
speed.
7. Plot the Load Characteristics / External Characteristics of a Self Excited DC

Generator.
8. Plot the External Characteristics and Internal Characteristics by conducting a suitable

test on the given dc shunt generator.
9. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics and find the critical resistance of a d c shunt
generator for 1800 rpm. The m/c should be run at rated rpm only.
10. Find the maximum voltage which the generator can generate when the m/c runs at its
rated speed.
11. Find the maximum voltage which the generator can generate when the m/c runs at 800
rpm.Given the field resistance as 170 . The m/c should be run at rated rpm only.
12. Find the resistance at which the given shunt generator just fails to excite
experimentally.
13. Calculate the maximum emf generated for a field circuit resistance of 200 .

Course Handout
14. By conducting a suitable test find whether a d c motor / d c generator is having higher
 at ½ load.
15. Determine the , torque and output power of a dc shunt motor at 1/4th and 3/4th full-
load by conducting a suitable experiment.
16. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c series motor and draw its mechanical Characteristics.
17. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c shunt motor and draw its electrical Characteristics.
18. Find the electrical characteristics of a motor used for traction purposes.
19. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a variable speed motor.
20. Select a suitable motor for a printing press and justify your answer experimentally or
obtain its torque-speed characteristics.
21. Select a constant speed dc motor .Obtain the speed-torque characteristics of the motor
experimentally.
22. Calculate the o/p power,shaft torque and  of a variable speed d c m/c at 3/4th full
load.
23. Find the o/p power, , speed and torque of a variable speed d c m/c at 60 % of rated
current by conducting a suitable test.
24. Select a suitable motor which has highest starting torque from your m/c lab .Obtain
the relation b/w Torque and armature current of the same motor.
25. Pre-determine the at 3/4th full load of a constant speed d c motor.
26. Pre-determine the at 70% of full load of a constant speed d c generator
experimentally.
27. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c compound motor and draw its mechanical
Characteristics.

Course Handout
28. Find the  of the given constant speed d c generator at 3/4th full load.
29. Obtain the equivalent circuit referred to low voltage side of a 1 transformer by
conducting a suitable test.
30. By conducting a suitable test on the given 1 transformer, construct the no-load
vector diagram.
31. Perform the load test on a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer and find the .o/p power
and regulation
32. Conduct a suitable test on a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer to pre-determine the

percentage load at maximum .
33. Pre-determine the regulation at ½,3/4 and full load of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA
transformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead..
34. Pre-determine the regulation at ½,3/4 and full load of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA
transformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead.
35. Pre-determine the  at ½ full load and full load of a 1 240/120V,1kVA

transformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead.
36. Pre-determine the regulation at ½ full load of a 1 240/120V,1kVA

transformer.Assume the loads are having a pf of 0.8 lead , 0.6 lag and upf.
37. Find the vs o/p, regulation vs o/p curve of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer.
38. Plot the torque-slip characteristics of a 3  squirrel cage IM.
39. Obtain the mechanical characteristics of a 3  squirrel cage IM.
40. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a 3  squirrel cage IM by conducting a suitable

test.
41. Find the torque at max.  of a given 3  IM.

Course Handout
42. Find the o/p power, , slip, speed and torque at 60 % full load of a given m/c.Use
440V supply as input.
43. Obtain the performance characteristics of an IM. Use 230V supply.
44. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a 1  IM by conducting a suitable test.
45. Obtain the electrical characteristics/torque-current characteristics of a Capacitor Start

Capacitor run motor.
46. Plot the variation in pf and o/p of a 3  squirrel cage IM experimentally.
47. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.8pf lag using
e.m.f /synchronous / pessimistic method.
48. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.6pf lead
using e.m.f /synchronous / pessimistic method .
49. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.6pf lag
using m.m.f /Ampereturn / optimistic method.
50. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.8pf lead
using m.m.f /Ampereturn / optimistic method.

Course Handout
8. EE234 CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS LAB

Course Handout

PROGRAMME : ELECTRICAL AND
DEGREE : BTECH
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
COURSE : CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS LAB SEMESTER : IV CREDITS : 2
COURSE CODE: EE 234
COURSE TYPE : CORE
REGULATION: 2016
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ELECTRICAL
CONTACT HOURS : 3 hours/Week.
MEASUREMENTS
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY):
LAB COURSE NAME : Nil
Nil
Syllabus Cover:
CYCLE DETAILS HOURS
1. Verification of Superposition Theorem in dc circuits.
2. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem in dc circuits.
3. Determination of impedance, admittance, power factor and
real/reactive/ apparent power drawn in RLC series/parallel circuits. 4. 3-
phase power measurement using one wattmeter and two-wattmeter
method.
I 5. Determination of B-H curve, μ-H curve and μ-B curve of an iron ring 24
specimen.
6. Measurement of voltmeter and ammeter resistances using Wheatstone’s
bridge and Kelvin’s double bridge and extension of range of voltmeters and
ammeters
7. Measurement of self/ mutual inductance and coupling co-
efficient of iron cored coil and air-cored coil.
8. Extension of instrument range by using Instrument transformers(CT and PT)
9. Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct and phantom
loading at various power factors.
10. Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter.
II 11. Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple 12
12. a) Characteristics of LVDT.
b) Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD meter
c) Current measurement using Clamp on meter
TOTAL 36
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
R1 Sawhney AK: A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements & instrumentation,
Dhanpat Rai .
R 2 J B Gupta : A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation., S
K Kataria & Sons

Course Handout
R3 Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012
Introduction to The Course will help the students for learning
EE 100 Electrical advanced topics in electrical engineering S1
Engineering
Circuits & To provide a knowledge pf network analysis using
EE 201 various network theorems S3
Networks
Measurements To provide knowledge in the specific area of electrical
EE 208 and measurements. S4
Instrumentation To expose students to various measuring instruments.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To develop measurement systems for various electrical circuits and systems and to use
different transducers for measurement of physical variables.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Bloom’s
SlNO DESCRIPTION Taxonomy
Level
1 Students will be able to analyze RLC circuits and coupled circuit to Analysis
obtain the voltage -current relations [Level 4]
2 Students will be able to justify DC netwok theorems by setting up Comprehension
various networks [Level 2]
3 Students will be able to perform calibration of single phase and Application
three phase energy meter at various power factors [Level 3]
4 Students will be able to measure power in a single and three phase Knowledge
circuits by various methods [Level 1]
5 Students will be able to derive the magnetic characteristics of iron Synthesis
ring specimen [Level 5]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3
C 234.1 3 3 1
C 234. 2 3 2 2 1
C 234. 3 3 3 3 1

Course Handout
C 234. 4 3 3 2 1
C 234. 5 3 3 2 1
EE 234 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

C234.1-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of Electrical
Engineering analyse various circuits
C234.1-PO2 H Students will be able to identify & formulate voltage -current
relations of RLC Circuits
C234.2-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of network theory
to verify various network theorems experimentally
C234.2-PO3 M Students will be able to design system components based on
network theorems
C234.2-PO4 M Students will be able to interpret network data based on various
network theorems
C234.3-PO5 H Students will be able to apply appropriate techniques to calibrate
energy meters
C234.3-PO9 H Students will be able to work as a team while conducting

experiments
C234.3-PO12 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of calibration of

meters while working in an industrial environment
C234.4-PO4 H Students will be able to provide valid conclusions based on the

power in single phase and three phase circuits
C234.4-PO5 H Students will be able to predict the performance of electrical

circuits based on the power measurement
C234.5-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of Electrical

Engineering to illustrate the B-H characteristics of iron
specimen
C234.5-PO2 H Students will be able to arrive at substantial conclusions based

on the magnetic characteristics
C234.5-PO3 M Students will be able to provide suggestions for the

improvement of performance of transformers based on the
magnetic characteristics

Course Handout

REQUIREMENTS:
PROPOSED
SNO DESCRIPTION
ACTIONS
1 Locus Diagram of R-L & R-C Circuits Add on Experiment
Proposed Actions: Topics Beyond Syllabus/Assignment/Industry Visit/Guest Lecturer/Nptel

Etc

1 Measurement of frequency & Lissajous patterns in CRO
1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in –Retrieved date 5/7/2013
 CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB RESOURCES
☑ LCD/SMART ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
BOARDS
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD.  TESTS/MODEL  UNIV.
 STUD. LAB  STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR ☐
COURSES
☑ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES  STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
Prepared by Approved By
Ms. Sreepriya R Ms. Santhi B

Course Handout
8.2 COURSE PLAN

Batch A Planned Batch B
Date Date
01/02/2017 Introduction 01/02/2017
07/02/2017 Verification of Superposition Theorem 08/02/2017
14/02/2017 Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem 15/02/2017
RLC Series & Parallel Circuit 22/02/2017
21/02/2017
Locus Diagram of RL & RC Circuits
28/02/2017 Measurement of Three phase Power 01/03/2017
07/03/2017 B-H Curve 08/03/2017
Measurement of Resistance using (1) Wheatstone’s Bridge (2) 15/03/2017
14/03/2017
Voltmeter Ammeter Method (3) Kelvin’s Bridge
Measurement of Self inductance, Mutual Inductance, Coupling 22/03/2017
21/03/2017
Coefficient
Extension of Range of meters using Multipliers & Instrument 29/03/2017
28/03/2017
transformers
Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct 05/04/2017
04/04/2017
loading at various power factors
Calibration of single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 12/04/2017
11/04/2017
various power factors
18/04/2017 Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter. 19/04/2017
25/04/2017 Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple 26/04/2017
Characteristics of LVDT. 03/05/2017
Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD
02/05/2017
meter
Current measurement using Clamp on meter
09/05/2017 Exam 10/05/2017

Course Handout
8.3 LAB CYCLE

CYCLE I
1. Verification of Superposition Theorem in dc circuits.

2. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem in dc circuits.
3. Determination of impedance, admittance, power factor and real/reactive/ apparent
power drawn in RLC series/parallel circuits. 4. 3-phase power measurement using one
wattmeter and two-wattmeter method.
5. Determination of B-H curve, μ-H curve and μ-B curve of an iron ring specimen.
6. Measurement of voltmeter and ammeter resistances using Wheatstone’s bridge and
Kelvin’s double bridge and extension of range of voltmeters and ammeters
7. Measurement of self/ mutual inductance and coupling co-efficient of iron cored
coil and air-cored coil.
8. Extension of instrument range by using Instrument transformers (CT and PT)
CYCLE II
9. Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct and phantom loading at various
power factors.
10. Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter.
11. Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple
12. a) Characteristics of LVDT.
b) Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD meter
c) Current measurement using Clamp on meter

Course Handout
8.4 OPEN QUESTIONS

Thevenin / Superposition Theorem
1. Using the Superposition theorem ,pre-determine the current through the 100 
resistor in the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.
50
50
+
+
25 V
30 V 100
-
-
2. Using the Superposition theorem , pre-determine the current through the 50  resistor
in the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.
180
100
+
+ 30V
30 V 50
-
-
3. Using the Superposition theorem, pre-determine the currents through the various
branches of the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.
100
80
+ +
25 V 50 30V
- -
4. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent of the given circuit analytically, and verify the result
experimentally.
100 100
A

100 RL=50
200 V

Course Handout
Single phase energy meter/ wattmeter
1. Find the energy consumed by a resistive load of 200  fo0r a period of 4 hours.
Verify your result by conducting a suitable experiment.
2. Determine the error associated with the given single phase energy-meter and the given
single phase wattmeter by conducting suitable experiments, and hence draw the error
curves for both .(Use loading rheostat 5kW, 20A )
3. Calibrate the given single phase energy-meter and wattmeter ( draw the calibration
curve).
4. Verify the value of the energy meter constant of the given single phase energy meter
by conducting a suitable experiment . Assume that any other meters used are error-
free.
5. Calculate the multiplying factor of the given single phase wattmeter (250V, 10A )
using an energy meter for a constant load current of 3 A.
6. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase induction
motor at 5 A using two wattmeters. Also calculate the power factor at this load.
Derive the formulae used with the help of the respective phasor diagrams.
motor at a pf below 0.5 using two wattmeters. Derive the formulae used with the help
of the respective phasor diagrams.
motor at a pf below 0.5 using two wattmeters. Derive the formulae used with the help
of the respective phasor diagrams.
motor at a pf above 0.5 using two wattmeters.
10. Find the no load active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase
induction motor using two wattmeters. Also determine the power factor.
11. Set up a circuit to measure the power factor of a balanced three-phase load using two
wattmeters. Observe experimentally how the pf varies as the load increases and hence
plot the pf versus output characteristics.
BH Curves
1. Plot the magnetic characteristics of the given magnetic specimen by conducting a

suitable experiment.
2. Plot the magnetic characteristics of the given 200/240 V transformed by
conducting a suitable experiment.
3. Determine the no-load power factor of the given 200/240V transformer, by
conducting suitable experiment
Serier/ Parallel R-L-C Circuit
1. Obtain the condition for resonance in a series R-L-C circuit by conducting a

suitable experiment and show that the voltage across the inductor /capacitor is
much greater than the input or supply voltage . Obtain the pf and draw the phasor
diagram corresponding to this condition.
2. For the given R-L-C series circuit (R=100  ) obtain the condition when
Vout>Vin. Verify the same experimentally. Determine the power factor at this
condition.

Course Handout
3. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition VL>Vc.
Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagram
also. Use R= 50  , 5A , L= inductive load , and C = 40µF.
4. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition
Vc.VL.Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor
diagram also. Use R= 50  , 5A , L= inductive load , and C= 40µF.
5. Obtain the power factor of the given parallel R-L-C circuit for the condition Ic>IL.
Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagram
also .Use R= 50  ,5A , L= inductive load and C= 40µF.
6. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition IL>IC.
Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor
diagram also. Use R= 50  ,5A , L= inductive load , and C= 40 µF.
7. Obtain the condition for resonance in a parallel R-L-C circuit by conducting a
suitable experiment and show that the current through the inductor /capacitor is
much greater than the input or total current. Obtain the pf and draw the phasor
diagram corresponding to this condition.
8. Plot the resonance curve for the given series R-L-C circuit. Take R=50  , 5A ,
L= inductive load , C = 40µF.
9. Find the resonant frequency, half power frequencies and band-width of the given
series R-L-C circuit.
R L C
50 0.25 H 40  F
10. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify the
same experimentally for VL>VC.
same experimentally for Vc>VL.
same experimentally for VC=VL.
13. By conducting a suitable test, determine the quality factor of the inductive coil in
the given R-L-C circuit . R=50  ,5A , L= inductive load , C= 40µF.
Single phase power and power factor measurement
1. Determine the power factor of the given RL load 150V and develop a circuit to
improve the power factor.
2. Determine the power and power factor of the given RL load at a load current of
2.5A experimentally and check how power factor improvement can be achieved
by connecting a capacitor in the above circuit.
3. Determine the voltage-current relationship in a series RL circuit by conducting a
suitable experiment. Determine the pf of the circuit at a load current of 3A and
verify the same.
4. Measure the power dissipated in the given RL load ( R= 100  ) using voltmeters
only . Verify the same using a wattmeter . Also measure the power factor factor of
the load.
5. Meassure the power dissipated in the given RL load (R= 100  ) using ammeters
only . Verify the same using a wattmeter. Also measure the power factor of the
load.

Course Handout
6. Find the values of resistance and inductance of the given choke coil using three
ammeters only.
7. Find the values of resistance and inductance of the given choke coil using three
voltmeters only.
Measurement of self inductance, mutual inductance and co-efficient of coupling
1. Determine the coefficient of coupling of given transformer.

Extension of range of ammeter voltmeter and wattmeter
1. Extend the range of 0-50V moving coil voltmeter to measure a maximum of 150V
using multiplier.
2. Extend the range of 0-150V moving iron voltmeter to measure a maximum of 250V
using potential transformer.
3. Extend the range of 0-1A moving iron ammeter to measure a maximum of 10V using
current transformer.
4. Extend the range of 150V,5A wattmeter to 250V,10A of using potential transformer
and current transformer.
Calibration of Energy Meter
1. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.707 pf lag.
3. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.5 pf lead.
5. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.866 pf lead.
6. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at unity pf.
7. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at unity pf.
8. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.866 pf lag.
9. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.866 pf lead.
10. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.5 pf lag.
11. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.5 pf lead.
12. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at unity
pf.
13. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at
0.866 pf lag.
14. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at
0.866 pf lead.

Course Handout
15. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at 0.5
pf lag.
16.Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at 0.5
pf lead.

Course Handout
8.5 ADVANCED QUESTIONS
Locus Diagram of R-L and R-C circuits
1. Plot the locus diagram of a R-L Circuit by varying resistance ‘R’ by wiring a suitable set
up.
2. Plot the locus diagram of a R-C Circuit by varying resistance ‘R’ by wiring a suitable set
up.
3. Plot the locus diagram of a R-L Circuit by varying resistance ‘L’ by wiring a suitable set
up.

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COURSE HANDOUT

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Period: February 2017 – May 2017

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Vision of the Institution:

To evolve into a premier technological and research institution, moulding

Mission of the Institution:

To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to individuals in various

Vision of the Department:

To excel in Electrical and Electronics Engineering education with focus on

Mission of the Department:

To develop and disseminate among the individuals, the theoretical

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

PEO 1: To provide Graduates with a solid foundation in mathematical,

PEO 2: To strive for Graduates’ achievement and success in the profession

PEO 3: To inculcate in Graduates professional and ethical attitude, effective

Program Outcomes (POs)

Engineering Students will be able to

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,

Engineering Students will be able to:

PSO2: Explore the technical knowledge and development of professional

PSO3: Understand the technologies like Bio inspired algorithms in

EE 204 Digital Electronics & Logic Design

2. EE 202 SYNCHRONOUS & INDUCTION MACHINES

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2.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

R Charles I. Hubert, Electric Machines, Pearson, New Delhi 2007

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MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND

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JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

C202.1-PO10 H Students will be able to make effective presentation on the given

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and modern engineering and IT tools for the paralleling operation

C202.6-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION

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stability – Vol 3 E.W.

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

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2.2 COURSE PLAN

SlNo. Module I Planned

1 2/2/2017 Synchronous Machine: Introduction, Types – Turbo alternators,

3 6/2/2017 Basic Principle/Voltage generation, Expression for frequency, Armature

4 6/2/2017 Armature winding – Terms – phase grouping – Single and Double

5 7/2/2017 Distribution factor, Tutorials

6 8/2/2017 Winding factor, e.m.f equation &. Tutorials Armature winding –

7 10/2/2017 e.m.f equation &. Tutorials

8 10/2/2017 Harmonics in generated e.m.f wave, Effect of pitch factor on

9 13/2/2017 Suppression of harmonics, Tutorials

10 14/2/2017 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-

12 14/2/2017 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-

14 17/2/2017 Synchronous reactance, Synchronous impedance, phasor diagram of a

15 20/2/2017 Voltage Regulation - Load & Regulation Characteristics – direct

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16 20/2/2017 Indirect test - predetermination – e.m.f. method

17 21/2/2017 Tutorials on e.m.f. method

18 22/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – m.m.f & tutorials.

19 27/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – Potier method & phasor diagram.

20 27/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – ASA Method

21 28/2/2017 Predetermination of regulation – Tutorials on Potier & ASA method

22 01/3/2017 Tutorials on Voltage Regulation