Lesson Two-Hormones

Hormones-
~Chemical Messengers carrying instructions to cells to change their activities
~are essential for every activity of life,including the processes of
digestion,metabolism,growth,reproduction, & mood control
~produced by the glands of the endocrine system

1 Follicle-Stimulating Hormone(FSH)
-a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes the formation of
ova or sperm

2 Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

-is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in
females and the synthesis of hormones in males

3 Progesterone
-a hormone released by the corpus luteum in the ovary. plays important roles in the
menstrual cycle

4 Estrogen
-plays an essential role in the growth and development of female secondary

sexual characteristics
Gland,Hormones and Function

Testes(male)-Testosterone:
-Regulates the development of the male sex organs in embryo

Ovaries(female)-Estrogen:
-Controls and regulates the female secondary sex characteristics

Progesterone:
-controls the development of endometrium during menstrual cycle

Pituitary-Prolactin:
stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands

Luteinizing Hormone:
Stimulates Ovulation

Follicle Stimulating Hormone:

-maturation of egg cell in the ovary

Corpus Luteum- a hormone secreting structure that produces progesterone

Endometrium-mucuous membrane lining the uretus which thickens during menstrual

cycle

Endometriosis-abnormal growth of cells (endometrial cells) similar to those that

form the inside of the uterus

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

-a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone
and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary

Sertoli Cells
-are elongated cells located in the seminiferous tubules
Leydig Cells
are adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle
Functions of Hormones
a.Reacting to stimuli from outside the body.
b.Maintaining internal homeostasis
c.Coordinating the production,use&storage of energy
d.Regulating many processes
How Hormones Work?
a.Each hormone acts like a key that opens a lock.
b.Particular endocrine gland produces or secretes is very specific to a cell type
that receives its instruction.
c.after a hormone is released, it binds & acts only on a specific cell called
target cells

Follicle: an ovarian follicle is a fluid-filled sac that contains an immature egg

or Oocyte

Zygote: the cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (sperm) and a female sex
cell (ovum)

Menstruation-
-Periodic blood that flows as a discharge from the uterus
-also called menorrhea, the time during which menstruation occurs is referred to as
menses

Menstrual Cycle-montly cycle of changes in the ovaries and the lining of the uretus
(endometrium)

Ovarian Cycle:phases,days and events

a. Follicular Phase(1-13 days):

Ovarian follicles mature and get ready to release eggs

b. Ovulation Phase(14 days):

Mature egg is released from one of its ovarian follicles down the fallopian tube

c. Luteal Phase (15-28days):

FSH & LH cause the remaining parts of the follicle to transform into corpus luteum
which produces progesterone
Uterine Cycle:phases and events

a. Menstruation phase:
Menstrual blood is shed from the lining of the uterus & this period usually lasts
for an average of 5 days

b. Proliferative Phase:
estrogen causes the endometrium to grow & it is released by the ovarian follicles.
initiates the formation of a new layer of endometrium in the uterus

c. Secretory Phase:
as the corpus luteum produces progesterone, this causes the endometrium to become
receptive to implantation of the developing zygote & supportive of the early
pregnancy
Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive System

Hypothalamuz - GnRH - Pituitary gland (brain) - FSH & LH - Ovaries - Ova/ Estrogen
and progesterone ( Pelvic Cavity )