Collage, from the French word coller, which means "to stick," is a visual art that is accomplished by gluing

objects to a central
backing. Two-dimensional collages made with photographs, ribbons, and pieces of magazines and newspapers is a common
incarnation of the form. However, structural collages made from found objects such as wood and figurines are not uncommon.
The material used in this art form can be both original and borrowed, and the medium is limited only by the imagination of the
artist.
The roots of collage can be found as far back as the 10th century, when calligraphers in Japan starting gluing pieces of paper to
their works. In 13th century Europe, the idea of applying gold leaf and gems to religious art arose, and the wider idea began to
spread among artists. Mosaic, a practice which involves fitting together many small pieces of tile to form a pattern, is also a
form of collage, and it has been widely practiced in the Middle East and Mediterranean for centuries.
 How to Make a Paper Collage
By JaceVerde in CraftArt
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Introduction: How to Make a Paper Collage

Paper collage is a technique of an art production where the artwork is created using an
assemblage of different forms and shapes using paper. These forms and shapes
eventually create a whole image. In this instructable, I'll show you how to make your own
paper collage.

To create a paper collage you will need:

1. A board/canvas
2. Paint and/or coloring pencils (optional)
3. Pencils/markers/pens
4. Glue
5. Paintbrush
6. Magazine Paper
7. Ruler
8. Scissors (optional)
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Step 1: Your Workplace

First, to create your paper collage, you need a place or something to put it on. Simply get
a canvas board or even simpler, a sheet of wood.
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Step 2: Your Image
You can't create a paper collage without having something to make. Pick any picture or
image that you like and base it off of that. It could be anything (an animal, nature, etc.)
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Step 3: The Grid
To properly transfer your image to your canvas/board, the best method is the grid
method. You draw a grid on both your image and your canvas using your ruler and
pen/pencil/marker.
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Step 4: Transferring Your Image
Now that your grid is on both your image and canvas, it's time for you to transfer that
image onto your canvas. Using your pencil, copy whatever is in a certain box on the grid
of your image into the same box on the grid on your canvas. This gives the picture on the
canvas an almost identical transfer from the original picture.
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Step 5: Distinguish the Parts of You Image
Now that your picture is now on your canvas, use paint, coloring pencils, or simply write
the name of the colors in their desired areas. This makes it easier to arrange the colors
with the paper later on.
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Step 6: Get the Paper
You now need to get some paper (preferably magazine paper). Find pages out of
magazines that match the colors you are using and tear them up into small pieces. (This
is where the scissors are optional depending on how you want your collage to come out.
The scissors may make a cleaner cut but you may prefer the rough look tearing the paper
by hand provides.)
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Step 7: Make Your Canvas Sticky
Using a paintbrush, lightly spread layers of glue on your canvas. This is the only way your
pieces of paper will stick to your canvas.
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Step 8: Put It Together
When your canvas is still wet with glue place the pieces of paper in there desired places
(by size and by color).
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Step 9: Repeat
Continue to spread glue on your canvas and place pieces of paper in their desired places
(steps 7 & 8).
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Step 10: Wrap It Up
When finished placing your paper on your canvas and you have gotten your desired look,
spread one last layer onto your piece. This flattens any bumpy or rising pieces of paper
and makes it look smoother. Wait for it to dry hang your masterpiece.

DÉCOLLAGE
Décollage is a French word meaning literally to unstick, generally associated with a
process used by artists of the nouveau réalisme (new realism) movement that involved
making art from posters ripped from walls
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Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé
Jazzmen 1961
Tate
© Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé

Although the first time the term décollage appeared in print was in the Dictionnaire Abrégé du Surréalisme in
1938, it is usually used in the context of nouveau réalisme. The artists involved, such as Raymond Hains,
often sought out sites with many layers of posters so that the process of décollage took on an archeological
character and was seen as a means of uncovering historical information. They exhibited their ripped poster
artworks as aesthetic objects and social documents. From 1949 Hains made work from posters that he tore
from the walls of Paris.

In 1963 the German artist Wolf Vostell appropriated the term, staging a series of happenings under the
title Nein 9 Decollagen which involved television images which he had ‘décollé’ unstuck from the screen and
re-presented. In 1962 Vostell had founded Dé-coll/age: Bulletin Aktueller Ideen, a magazine devoted to the
theoretical writings of artists involved in happenings, Fluxus, nouveau réalisme and pop art.

n its strictest sense decollage, a word derived from French that traditionally has an accent over the first “e,” refers to a form of
art made from torn public posters without any further intervention on the part of the artist. Some artists left their artwork outside
on walls, and others tore layers of posters completely from the walls and presented them in another context as art. Mimmo
Rotello was a leading figure in this art form, although many of his artworks were collage. Decollage was one of the first art
methods that used mass culture, and for this reason it can be seen as a form of Pop Art.
The French meaning for decollage is “to take off” or “unglue.” In the late 1940s and early 1950s artists in Italy and France began
to look for ways to use mass market imagery in their work, and these artists began to peel street posters from public walls so
that other posters beneath would become visible. The excavated posters, sometimes referred to as lacerated posters, were
considered artwork and were often left behind anonymously. Some artists would also peel layers of posters away from the wall
and display their decollages elsewhere without any further manipulation. Movie stars and mass-produced goods were popular
subjects in these artworks.

The Italian artist Mimmo Rotella, one of the inventors of decollage, eventually began to tear posters from public walls and glue
them to canvas. Although Rotella referred to these works as decollage, they were really collage. Decollage is a subtractive art
making process in which paper is removed to reveal the image underneath without further intrusion. Collage, on the other hand,
can be thought of as an additive art making process. The artist glues newspaper, magazine clippings, colored paper,
photographs and any other material that he or she wants to a canvas or cardboard to form a collage.

Decollage developed as artists began to look for inventive ways to assimilate mass culture images into their artwork and
comment on the nature of these images as well. Although Mimmo Rotella is sometimes credited with originating the art form,
artists in France were using it too. Rotella was eventually invited to join a French artists’ group, called New Realism, that used
mass media materials in their art. The New Realism group formed the foundation for French Pop Art. One of the best known
figures in Pop Art was Andy Warhol, the American artist, whose images of soup cans and Marilyn Monroe became famous
worldwide during the 1960s.
Wikipedia(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:

1. Décollage
Décollage, in art, is the opposite of collage; instead of an
image being built up of all or parts of existing images, it is
created by cutting, tearing away or otherwise removing,
pieces of an original image. The French word "décollage"
translates into English literally as "take-off" or "to become
unglued" or "to become unstuck". Examples of décollage
include etrécissements and cut-up technique. A similar
technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has
been placed over another or others, and the top poster or
posters have been ripped, revealing to a greater or lesser
degree the poster or posters underneath.
Graffiti, form of visual communication, usually illegal, involving the unauthorized marking of public
space by an individual or group. Although the common image of graffiti is a stylistic symbol or
phrase spray-painted on a wall by a member of a street gang, some graffiti is not gang-related.
Graffiti can be understood as antisocial behaviour performed in order to gain attention or as a form
of thrill seeking, but it also can be understood as an expressive art form.

graffitiGraffiti on the Berlin Wall.© Kalle Kolodziej/Fotolia

Derived from the Italian word graffio (“scratch”), graffiti (“incised inscriptions,” plural but often used
as singular) has a long history. For example, markings have been found in ancient Roman ruins, in
the remains of the Mayan city of Tikal in Central America, on rocks in Spain dating to the 16th
century, and in medieval English churches. During the 20th century, graffiti in the United States and
Europe was closely associated with gangs, who used it for a variety of purposes: for identifying or
claiming territory, for memorializing dead gang members in an informal “obituary,” for boasting
about acts (e.g., crimes) committed by gang members, and for challenging rival gangs as a prelude
to violent confrontations. Graffiti was particularly prominent in major urban centres throughout the
world, especially in the United States and Europe; common targets were subways, billboards, and
walls. In the 1990s there emerged a new form of graffiti, known as “tagging,” which entailed the
repeated use of a single symbol or series of symbols to mark territory. In order to attract the most
attention possible, this type of graffiti usually appeared in strategically or centrally located
neighbourhoods.
 graffitiGraffiti in Havana.© Shawn McCullars

To some observers graffiti is a form of public art, continuing the tradition, for example, of
the murals commissioned by the U.S. Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project during
the Great Depression and the work of Diego Rivera in Mexico. Like the murals of these artists,
great works of graffiti can beautify a neighbourhood and speak to the interests of a
specific community. For example, the graffiti in many Hispanic neighbourhoods in the United States
is quite elaborate and is regarded by many as a form of urban art. The question of whether such
work is an innovative art form or a public nuisance has aroused much debate.
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Graffiti became notoriously prominent in New York City in the late 20th century. Large elaborate
multicoloured graffiti created with spray paint on building walls and subway cars came to define the
urban landscape. The art world’s fascination with artists who functioned outside traditional gallery
channels stimulated an interest in this form of self-expression. In the 1980s New York artists such
as Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat gained notoriety for their graffiti and parlayed this
recognition into successful careers as painters represented by top galleries.
 graffitiGraffiti in New York City, 1986.AdstockRF

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Most jurisdictions have laws prohibiting graffiti as vandalism, and in some countries punishment is
quite severe. For example, in Singapore violators are subject to caning. During the 1980s and ’90s
many jurisdictions sought ways to eliminate and remove graffiti, fearing that it would otherwise lead
to the debasement of the community. Significant resources were allocated for abatement and other
clean-up efforts, and some cities even introduced mural programs or “free walls” to provide legal
opportunities for urban youths to express their artistic creativity.

LAND ART
Land art or earth art is art that is made directly in the landscape, sculpting the land itself
into earthworks or making structures in the landscape using natural materials such as
rocks or twigs
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Richard Long
Sahara Circle 1988
Tate
© Richard Long

Land art was part of the wider conceptual art movement in the 1960s and 1970s. The most famous land art
work is Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty of 1970, an earthwork built out into the Great Salt Lake in the USA.
Though some artists such as Smithson used mechanical earth-moving equipment to make their artworks,
other artists made minimal and temporary interventions in the landscape such as Richard Long who simply
walked up and down until he had made a mark in the earth.

Land art, which is also known as earth art, was usually documented in artworks using photographs and maps
which the artist could exhibit in a gallery. Land artists also made land art in the gallery by bringing in material
from the landscape and using it to create installations.

As well as Richard Long and Robert Smithson, key land artists include Nancy Holt, Walter de Maria, Michael
Heizer and Dennis Oppenheim.
What is Digital Art?
Digital art is like any other art. It just is created using different tools than the more traditional arts. Art is not about the
tools used to create it. It is about the vision, message, or emotion of the artist. Photography is a medium through which
artist’s may create art. Likewise, a computer is just a medium or tool through which an artist can express his/her vision of
line, form, color, composition and rhythm.
An artist chooses the medium (oils, watercolors, or pixels) she wants to use. When the digital artist, has mastery over the
tools and technologies [software, equipment, etc.], she can go beyond “taking a digital picture” or “applying an effect” and
create art – an individual expression of her vision.

Digital Art falls into three basic categories: digital painting, digital photography & darkroom, and fractals. There are
several subcategories and, of course, the artist can combine any and all to create their own unique vision.

Below are descriptions from the Digital Fine Arts Society of New Mexico which accurately describes the various types of
Digital Fine Art. Digital Photography, Photopainting, and Integrated Digital Art which characterize my work are, of
course, discussed first.

Digital Photography
The artist uses a digital or conventional camera. The photographs are digitized and translated to the computer environment
where the artist uses image editing and special effects software to perform darkroom type manipulations.
Photopainting
This combines the disciplines of photography and painting. The artist uses image editing and paint software to go beyond
dark room techniques to add further expression to the image.

Digital Collage
This is a technique of combining many images from varying sources into one image. This is most
commonly achieved by the use of layering techniques in image editing and paint software. The artist may also use images
from x-rays or radar to produce images that the eye does not normally see, which expands the realm of human perception.

Integrated Digital Art

This is the “mixed media” of the digital art world. Artists combine any number of the techniques to achieve unique results.
The digital environment is much less restricted than conventional mediums in this type of integration and manipulation.

Digital Painting
2D: The artist creates 2D images totally in the computer virtual environment with the use of painting tools that emulate
natural media styles. Sometimes referred to as “Natural Media”. 3D: The artist uses 3D modeling and rendering software to
essentially sculpt in virtual space. This method also makes use of all of the other methods.

Vector Drawing
The artist uses vector drawing software and creates the image totally in the virtual environment. This makes use of shapes
which are outlined and can be filled with various colors and patterns. This tends to produce a harder edged or graphic look.
Algorithmic/Fractals
This is art produced exclusively by mathematical manipulations. This is the so-called “computer generated” art. The art
here lies in the invention of the mathematical formulas themselves and the way the programs are written to take advantage
of the display capabilities of the hardware. The art also lies in the creative intentions and subsequent selections of the
artist/mathematician
The term “mixed media art” is a broad definition that covers many arts and crafts, including collage, assemblage (both 2D and 3D), altered objects,
including books and boxes, handmade greeting cards, artist trading cards (ATCs) and tags, art journalling and book making.
The “mixed media” used includes paints, papers and board of all descriptions, glues, buttons, fabrics, found objects, photos, metal bits, fibres, things
from nature, inks, pencils, crayons, markers, pastels and polymer clays, to name a few.