Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions

Quarter 2 Lesson 1
Elements and Principles of Contemporary Art Forms

ELEMENTS OF ART- Building blocks of an artwork, tools artist used in creating an artwork
PRINCIPLES OF ART- Arrangements of elements (building blocks)
-The way an artist can organized the elements of art to create a wide range of effects.
Elements of Art
 Line
 Texture
 Shape
 Mass/Form
 Color
 Space
 Value

Line – line in art is defined as a point moving in space

7 Types of Line
1. Contour Line
2. Implied Line
3. Directional Line
4. Horizontal Line
5. Vertical Line
6. Diagonal Line
7. Curvilinear Line

Contour Line – defines the outline of a forms, as well as interior structure, without the use of shading
Implied Line – define as a line that suggests the edge of an object or a piece within an object
Directional Line – an art lines that directs your eye around the artwork
Horizontal Line – suggest a feeling of a rest or repose because object parallel to the earth are at rest
Vertical Line – often communication a sense of height because they are perpendicular to the earth.
Extending upwards toward the sky
Diagonal Line – convey a feeling of movement
Curvilinear Line – the style is characterized by a curving line used to form abstract patterns, such as
spirals, circles, swirls and S-shapes as well as to define human facial features
Texture – this element refers to the feel or appearance of a surface. A person may describe as actual or
implied.
Smooth – reflect light evenly. Matte surface that reflects a soft, dull light. Shiny surfaces are the
opposite of matte.
Rough – reflect light unevenly
Hard – It does not change much in shape when it is pressed but is not completely hard
Soft – something that is soft or yielding
Furry, Fluffy, Bumpy
Shape and Mass
Shape – an element or art that is two-dimensional, flat or limited to height and width, two dimensional,
flat or limited to height and width
Mass – an element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses, volume, includes height, width and
depth.
Color – is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye
Color 3 Properties of Color
Hue – refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel
Value – refers to the lightness and darkness of color
Saturation – refers to brightness and dullness of color
Color Scheme Monochromatic – involves the same hue with different gradient
Color Scheme Complementary – Involves the use of a complement-meaning the color located opposite
of the first color
Color Scheme Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color wheel
Color Scheme Split – Complementary – a close relative to the complementary color scheme But. Instead
of using the color’s complement, this scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the complement
Color Scheme Split – Complementary
TRIADIC- uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other
TETRADIC – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses two pairs of complementary
colors.
Space – refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the area surrounding that
object or subject
Value - Value, or tone, refers to the use of light and dark, shade and highlight, in an artwork. Value is
directly related to contrast.
PRINCIPLE OF ART
Contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements and effects. For example: light and dark colors,
smooth and rough textures, large and small shapes. Contrast can be used to create variety, visual
interest, and drama in an artwork.
Emphasis refers to the area of an artwork that dominates attention or draws interest. It is often the area
a viewer looks first. Artists can create emphasis by contrasting the elements of art such as: color, shape,
size and dominance, detail, contrast and isolation
Movement can be thought of in two ways – the first refers to how an artist depicts movement using the
elements and principles of art
Rhythm is a principle of art that refers to the movement or action of a composition, usually achieved
through repetition of lines, shapes, colors, and more. It creates a visual tempo in artworks and provides
a path for the viewer’s eye to follow.
Proportion is the size relationship between the various parts of an artwork. Artists can use scale and
proportion to create sensations such as depth, realism, disorientation, and drama.
Balance refers to the distribution of visual weight in a composition. Each part of the composition works
with other parts of the composition to appear equal and harmonious in balance.
Unity, also known as harmony, refers to the cohesiveness of an artwork—how whole, consistent, and
complete it appears. Unity is the pleasing combination of elements to create a harmonious composition.
Variety refers to the elements of a composition that differ from one another. Variety creates visual
interest and energy

Quarter 2 Lesson 2
Contemporary Art Technique and Performance Practices

Sanikulas Cookies Mold Cravings (Pampanga)

Sanikulas Cookies are arrowroot cookies that have the image of St. Nicholas molded on it ergo the name
Sanikulas St. Nicholas is also known as “The Healer” from illness. Legend says that if you consume these
cookies when you are ill, you get healed and recover in a shorter amount of time that it would usually
take
Pabalot or Pastillas Wrapper Cutting Art (Bulacan)
The wrapper was made out the delicate Japanese paper. The way it is so delicate that only the ones with
skilled hands and perfect control of their motor skills can produce the best kind
Taka (Laguna)
The art “Taka or Taka – Making is not an exclusive Pinoy art. Paper Mache and discouraging have been
around the centuries. In the Philippines, the first recorded or mention of a created “Taka” was by a
woman named Maria Bangue in the 1920’s. She has wooden molds that were covered with strips of
paper clipped in the sticky paste. She would later paint them carefully and present as children’s toys.
Due to fire, none of the original takas were saved
Pagbuburda (Taal, Lumban, Laguna)
The art of embroiling is happily alive and flourishing the towns. Although it’s mostly done by the women
who are wives of the farmers and fisherman, it is not uncommon to see fisherman and farmers who are
also carefully and delicately embroidering floral design their “Off- season”
Singkaban or Bamboo Art
A fairly type of Philippine folk art, Singkaban is the art of shaving bamboo into artful creations that can
be used as décor for arches or the home. Skilled craftsmen patiently shave off the bamboo, layer by
layer to create curls and delicate twirls of their bamboo
Singkaban is usually a celebrating art.
Singkaban craftmen create these gregariously designed bamboo arches for fiestas, weedings and other
celebrations that involve the entire community. Perhaps, it is our sense of “Bayanihan” that inspire their
art form ensuring that art is appreciated and is accessible to everyone in the community and their
guests.
Puni or Palm Leaf (Bulacan)
Puni or Palm leaf folding was intended to create artful toys for kids. However, puni can also be used to
create woven baskets, bags, and even fans. The most common presentation of Puni arts is the Palaspas
we see every Holy Week. Because of the abundance of coconut leaves, the Pinoys have ingeniously
created toys and other items through Puni.

Quarter 2 Lesson 3
Traditional Techniques to Contemporary Art Creation

Painting – early Filipinos painting can be red chip (clay mixed with water) design embellished on the
ritual pottery of the Philippines such as the acclaimed” Manunggul Jar which is an example is an
example of a burial jar
Kalinga Pottery
The Kalinga pottery is divided into three types:
1. Ittoyom: used for rice cooking.
2. Oppaya: used in cooking vegetable and meat.
3. Immosso: used as water storage.

Finest early Philippine pottery design are footed dishes that were decorated with geometric cut-outs,
molding, cording, or finger impression this design is made from Batangas
Glazes - is still used by Filipinos Potters to seal the pottery and the pottery is open-fried (fried in a
bonfire rather that in oven)
Pottery Tradition continued to develop in a certain locals Burnay Unglazed Clay Pottery of Vigan

Painting is manifested in the tattoo tradition of early Filipinos who are now referred to as the Pintados
or the Painted People of Visayas. Some of the most elaborate painting done by early Filipinos that
survive to the present are manifested among the arts and architecture of the Maranao, who are well-
known for the Naga Dragons and the Sarimanok Craved and painted in the beautiful Panolong of their
Torongans or King’s house

Elito Circa he is populary known as Amang Pintor who gained recognition by using his hair to make his
paint brushes and reigns his painting with his blood on the right side corner
Elito Circa (born January 28, 1970), better known as “Amangpintor”, is a Filipino painter and
internationally known folk artist, who paints using indigenous human hair and blood fluids with
mythologism and mythicalism subject matters. He was the “First Hair and Blood Painter” of his
generation and his signature subject is Legend of Minggan.

The Itneg people are known for their intricate woven fabrics. The Binakol which features design that
incorporate optical illusion woven fabrics of the Gadang people usually bright red tones. Their weaving
can also be identified by beaded ornamentation. Other people such as the llongot make jewerly from
pearl, red hornbill beak, plants and metals.

The Lumad people of Mindanao such as the Blan, Mandaga, Mansaka and T’Boli are skilled in the art of
dying abaca fiber. Abaca is a plant closely related to banana and its leaves are used to make fiber known
as Manila Hemp.

Ikat Fibers are woven into cloth with geometric patters depicting human, animal and plant leaves
Sarimanok is the most well-known design. The Figure represents a fowl wings, feathered tail and a head
decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals and feather like forms. It is
usually perched a top a bamboo pole, stands among decorative flags, during weddings and other festive
occasions

Hagabi a wooden chair of Ifugao, which symbolizes his status as a citizen in their community. It depicts
the wealth and power of the own who is called Kadanagayan or a person who belongs to the higher
status in their society

This chair is made of Narra or Ipil-ipil and the original design is called Ginulding-gulding meaning like a
goat-like head

At present Hagabi may have a different shapes one end which is called Ngiwi is like the head of an
animal with an elongated nose and two big ears

This kind of art has two main artistic style. One is carved-line. Woodcarving and metal working called
Okir. Similar to the Middle Eastern Islamic Art. This style is associated with men. The other style is
geometric tapestries and is associated with women. The Tausug and Sama- Bajau-exhibit their own Okir
on elaborate markings with a boat like imaging.

Malong – most popular style the land cap which is either dominantly red, yellow, green, blue or violet.
Red is the favorite color along with yellow. These color stands for royalty or aristocracy. Often, men
wear the red land cap and the women, the yellow

Bagobo – are proud people with proto Malayan features. They have ornate traditions in weaponry and
other metal arts. They are noted for their skills in producing brass articles through the ancient lost-wax
process. These people weave abaca cloths of earth tones and make baskets that are trimmed with
beads, fibers and horse hair, weapons made by Muslim Filipino such as KAMPILAN are skillfully carved.

KUT – KUT ART – this is a technique combing Oriental and European art process,. Very few known art
pieces exist today. The technique were practiced by the indigenous people of Samar. Kut-kut is an exotic
Philippine art form based on early century techniques SGRAFFIRO. Encaustic and layering. The merging
of this ancient styles procedures a unique artwork characterized by delicate swirling interweaved lines,
multi-layered texture and an illusion of three dimensional space.

Performing Arts
Music
The early music of the Philippines featured a mixture of indigenous Islamic and a variety of Asian
sounds. Spanish settlers and Filipinos played a variety of musical instruments, including flutes, guitar,
ukulele, violin, trumps and drums. They performed songs and dances have remained intact all
throughout the Philippines. Most music genres are contemporary such as Filipino rock, Filipino hip-hop
and another musical style. Some are traditional such as Filipino folk music.

The kulintang music of the Maranaos, for example, is used in special ceremonies such as weddings,
feasts and enthroning rites.
The gandingan is used to warn others of nearing danger, to relay messages of love and to act as markers
for when couples wish to elope.
The kalaleng and the diwdiw-as, both wind instruments made of bamboo reed, of the Tinguians were
also used as instruments for courtship.
The kutibeng and the kudyapi of the Ilocanos, both stringed instruments, are also used in feasts and in
spirit and nature worship. Other musical instruments were also used to accompany burial chants,
recount heroic feats, teach and reinforce floating or oral history, and even cure illnesses.

The Rondalla is a traditional string orchestra comprising of two-string, mandolin-type instruments such
as the banduria and laud; a guitar; a double bass; and often a drum for percussion. The rondalla has its
origins in the Iberian rondalla tradition, and is used to accompany several Hispanic-influenced song
forms and dances.

The Harana and Kundiman are popular lyrical songs dating back to the Spanish period, and are
customarily used in courtship rituals. The Harana is rooted in the Mexican-Spanish tradition and based
on the rhythmic patterns of the habanera

Sarswela is a tradition produced by a large body of music consisting of songs patterned after opera arias
of the day as well as short instrumental overtures and interludes.

Dance
Philippine Folk dances the Tinikling and Cariñosa. In the southern region of Mindanao, some is a popular
dance showcasing the story of a prince and a princess in the forest. Bamboo exploits every position of
these clashing poles

Itik-itik from Surigao

It is a mimetic folk dance in the Philippines. It originated in the province of Surigao in Mindanao. Itik-itik
from the English word “duck”. The dance steps imitate the movements of a duck such as wading, flying,
and short steps and splashing water on their backs like the ducks do.

Tinikling from Leyte and the Visayas Regions

It is a Philippine traditional dance. This dance imitates the movement of the “tikling” bird as it walks
around through tall grasses and between tree branches. This dance involves two bamboo poles on the
ground and against each other in coordination with one or more dancers who step over and in between
the poles in a dance

Sayaw sa Bangko from Pangasinan

This dance originates from Pangasinan. The dancers perform on top of a narrow bench that is normally
six inches wide, inching and hopping from one another. Performers need to balance as they go through
a series of movements that include some impressive acrobatics.

Binasuan from Pangasinan

The Binasuan is an entertaining dance that is usually performed at festive social occasions. Danvers
carefully balance three half-filled glasses of rice wine on their heads and hands as they gracefully spin
and roll on the ground.

Maglalatik from Biñan, Laguna

It is also known as “Magbabao”. It is a mock war dance that depicts a fight over coconut meat, a highly
prized food. The dancers are all male where they put coconut shell halves are secured onto the dancers’
hands and on vest upon which are hung four or six more coconut shell halves. This is danced in the
religious procession during fiesta of Binan as an offering to San Isidro Labrador

Pandanggo sa Ilaw from Mindoro

This dance is similar to a Spanish Fandango. The phrase “ilaw” is a Tagalog word for “light” and it refers
to the three oil lamps that the dancer has to balance- one on the head and one on the back of each
hand. This dance is typically performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch.

Kappa Malong-Malong from Mindanao

It is a Muslim–influenced danced. The malong is a tubular garment, and the dance essentially shows the
many ways it can be worn. There are men’s and women’s versions of the dance since they wear malongs
in different ways.

Pantomina from Bicol

It is a traditional dance in Bicol. It is a love dance with its movements mimicking or patronizing the
mating or love making of doves. It is also known as a courtship dance and wedding dance. This dance is a
significant dance in Kasanggayahan Festival held in October

Architecture
The Spaniards introduced stones as housing and building materials. The introduction of Christianity
brought European Churches and architecture which subsequently became the center of the most towns
and cities.

Bahay Kubo or Nipa Hut

Nipa huts were the native houses of the indigenous people of the Philippines before the Spaniards
arrived. They were designed to endure the climate and environment of the Philippines. These structures
were temporary, made from plant materials like bamboo. The accessibility of the materials made it
easier to rebuild nipa huts when damaged from a storm or earthquake

Spanish
Bahay na Bato
In this period, the nipa hut or bahay kubo gave way to the Bahay-na-bato (stone house) and became the
typical house of noble Filipinos. The Spanish design house, followed the nipa hut's arrangements such as
open ventilation and elevated apartments. The most obvious difference between the two houses would
be the materials that was used to build them.

American Period
With the arrival of the Americans in 1898, came a new breed of architectural structures in the
Philippines. Designed in the most respectable manner, these government houses resembled Greek or
Roman architecture.

American Period
With the arrival of the Americans in 1898, came a new breed of architectural structures in the
Philippines. Designed in the most respectable manner, these government houses resembled Greek or
Roman architecture.
 Quarter 2 Lesson 4
Artistic Skills and Techniques to Contemporary Art Creations

ARTISTIC SKILLS
With the broadening of the art world, many people are getting confused about what qualifies as an
artistic skill. Artistic skills are abilities that are possessed by artists who operate within a fine art
capacity.

The sculptor uses metal, wood, stone, clay, and glass. Sculptures fall within the category of “three-
dimensional” arts because they occupy space and have volume.

The architect uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete and various building materials. Buildings are
also called “three-dimensional”. However, architecture has the added element of time since we move
into structures.

The painter uses pigments (e. g. watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink, etc.) on a usually flat
ground (wood, canvas, paper, stone wall such as cave paintings.)

The printmaker uses ink printed or transferred on a surface (wood, metal plates, or silk screen) that is
keeping with a duplicating or reproducing process. Prints and paintings are further classified as “two-
dimensional” arts, because they include the surface or ground on which coloring substances are applied.
However, while paintings are unique and one-of-a kind, prints can be reproduced in several pre-
determined editions

The musician uses sound and instruments (including human voice), while the dancers use the body. A
T’boli chanter sings creation stories in a way that is different from a classical singer or pop music
influenced by the Western music scale.

The dancer uses he body and its movement. Dance is often accompanied by music, but there are dances
that do not rely on musical accompaniment to be realized. Dance can tell stories, but the other times,
they convey abstract ideas that do not rely on a narrative.

The theater artist integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production design, performance elements,
and script to enable the visual, musical, dance and other aspects to come together as a whole work.

The photographer and filmmaker use the camera to record the outside world. The filmmaker uses the
cinematographic camera to record and put together production design, sound engineering,
performance, and screenplay. In digital photography and film, the images can be assimilated into the
computer, thus eliminating the need for celluloid or negatives, processing chemicals, or print.

TECHNIQUE
Technique is the way artists use and manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal effect, and
communicate the desired concept, or meaning, according to his or her personal style (modern,
Neoclassic, etc.). The distinctive character or nature of the medium determines the technique.
Technique involves tools and technology, ranging from most traditional (for example carving, silkscreen,
analog photography, and filmmaking) to the most contemporary (digital photography, digital
filmmaking, music production, industrial design, and robotics).

Here are some of art techniques used by artists.

1. Collage – is the technique of an art production used in the visual arts where the artwork is made from
on assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. Collage may sometimes include magazines
and newspaper clippings, ribbons, paints, bits of colored or handmade papers, portions of other artwork
or texts, photographs, and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas

Decollage – is the opposite of collage; instead of an image is being built up all or parts of existing
images, it is created by cutting, treating away or otherwise removing pieces of an original image. The
French word “Decollage” in English means “Take-off” or “To become Unglued” or “To become unstuck”.
Example of decollage include cut-up technique. Similar technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in
which one has been over another.

Graffiti – are writing or drawings that have been scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other
surface, often in a public space. Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings.
Graffiti may express underlying social and political messages, and a whole genre of artistic expression is
based spray paint graffiti styles.

Land Art – earth works, or earth arts is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are
inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil,
rock (bed rock, bolders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves), and water which introduced
materials such as concrete, metal asphalt, or mineral pigments

Digital Arts – is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the
creative or presentation process. Digital art is work made with digital technology or presented on digital
technology.
This includes images done completely on computer or hand-drawn images scanned into a computer and
finished using a software program like Adobe Illustrator. Digital art can also involve animation and 3D
virtual sculpture renderings as well as projects that combine several technologies.
Some digital art involves manipulation of video images. After some resistance, the impact of digital
technology has transformed activities such as paintings, drawing, sculpture, and music/sound art, while
new form such as net art.

Mixed Media – It refers to a work of visual art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art. For
example, work on canvas that combines paint, ink and collage. When creating a painted or photograph
work using mixed media, it is important to choose the layers carefully and allow enough dying time
between the layers to ensure the final work will have structural integrity, if many different layers are
imposed. Many effects can be achieved by using mixed media. Found objects can be used in conjunction
with the traditional artist to attain a wide range of self-expression.

Print Making – is the process of making artworks by painting, normally in the paper. Prints are created
by transforming ink from a matrix ink from a matrix or through a prepared screen to a sheet of paper or
other material. Common types of matrices include metal plates, usually copper or zinc, or polymer
plates for engraving or etching; stone aluminum of polymer for lithography; blocks of wood crafts and
wood graving; and linoleum for linocuts. Screen made of silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen-
printing process

Frottage – is the technique of rubbing with crayon on a piece of paper which has been placed over an
object or an image. The impression of the image can be created using leaves, woods, wire screen, or
metal with embossed image or words

Decalcomania – is the process of applying gouache to paper or glass then transferring a reversal of the
image onto canvas or other flat materials.

Decoupage – is done by adhering cut-outs of paper and then coating these with one or transparent
coating of varnish.

Eggshell mosaic - is an artistic technique that uses tiny parts of eggshell to create a whole image or
object. Mosaics are usually assembled using small tiles that are square, but they can also be round or
randomly shaped.

Trapunto painting – is the technique used by Pacita Abad where her canvases are padded, sewn, and
often filled with sequins, beads, shell, buttons, tiny mirrors, bits of glass, rickrack, swatches of precious
textiles and other things that she picks up from her travels and journey.

Art is considered an “artifact’ when it is directly experienced and perceived. It can be spatial and static
or unmoving (e.g., a painting or building, or a novel) or time based and in motion (e.g., a live theater
production, mobile sculpture).