CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

M O D U L E 1 others when they shall become

eighteen years of age.
N a t i o n a l S e r v i c e
T r a i n i n g P r o g r a m
( N S T P ) a n d t h e
P a m a n t a s a n n g Executive Order No. 59 s., 1967
L u n g s o d n g M a y n i l a REQUIRING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
( P L M ) ROTC UNITS IN COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES
Commonwealth Act No. 1
“The National Defense Act”  All colleges and universities
having an enrollment of at least
 Passed by the Philippine two hundred fifty male students,
National Assembly on December shall include a course of
21, 1935 military instruction commonly
known as ROTC Course as a
 One of the National Defense compulsory portion of their
Policy of the Philippines is respective curricula for all
that, “The preservation of the physically fit male citizens of
State is the obligation of every the Philippines of undergraduate
citizen. The security of the status
Philippines and the freedom,
independence, and perpetual Presidential Decree No. 1706
neutrality of the Philippine THE NATIONAL SERVICE LAW
Republic shall be guaranteed by
National service shall be
the employment of all citizens,
obligatory for all citizens of the
without distinction of age or
Philippines.
sex, and all resources.”
Three main programs namely:

Article VII  Civic Welfare Service

PREPARATORY MILITARY TRAINING  Law Enforcement Service
 Military Service
The purposes of the Preparatory
Republic Act No. 7077
Military Training (PMT) are:
CITIZEN ARMED FORCES OF THE
1. To develop the national PHILIPPINES RESERVIST ACT
spirit;
Section 38. Reserve Officers'
2. to make the youth physically Training Corps (ROTC). – Military
strong; training for students enrolled in
3. to make the youth morally colleges, universities and similar
confident, institutions of learning is
mandatory pursuant to the
4. to prepare the youth for provisions of the National Defense
military service. Act and the 1987 Constitution.
Sec. 51. All Filipinos are liable
to military service.
Sec. 82. Preparatory military
training is compulsory upon the
youth attending school and upon

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

Republic Act No. 9163 welfare and other similar endeavors

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM in the service of the nation.
(NSTP) ACT OF 2001
Definition of Terms
National Service Training Program
(NSTP)
– a program aimed at enhancing
civic consciousness and defense
preparedness in the youth by
developing the ethics of services
and patriotism while undergoing
training in any of its three (3)
Declaration of Policy program components. Its various
It is hereby affirmed that the components are especially designed
prime duty of the government to to enhance the youth’s active
serve and protect its citizens. In contribution to general welfare.
turn, it shall be the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
responsibility of all citizens to (ROTC)
defend security of the state and in
fulfillment thereof, the government – program institutionalized under
may require each citizen to render sections 38 and 39 of RA No. 7077
personal, military or civil designed to provide military
service. training to tertiary level students
in order to motivate, train,
• Article II, Sec. 4 of the organize and mobilize them for
Phil. Constitution national defense preparedness
(Declaration of Principles)
Literacy Training Service (LTS)
Recognizing the youth’s vital
role in nation building, the state - program designed to train
shall promote civic consciousness students to become teachers of
among the youth and shall develop literacy and numeracy skills to
their physical, moral, spiritual, school children, out of school
intellectual and social well-being. youth, and other segments of
It shall inculcate in the youth society in need of their service.
patriotism, nationalism, and
Civic Welfare Training Service
advance their involvement on public
(CWTS)
and civic affairs.
– programs or activities
• Article II, Sec. 13 of the
contributory to the general welfare
Phil. Constitution
and the betterment of life for the
(Declaration of State
members of the community or the
Policies)
enhancement of its facilities,
In pursuit of these goals, the especially those developed in
youth, the most valuable resource improving health, education,
of the nation, shall be motivated, environment, entrepreneurship,
trained, organized and mobilized in safety, recreation and the morals
military training, literacy, civic of the citizenry.

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

NSTP Establishment 2. Republic Act 10121 -

Shall form part of the
curricula of all baccalaureate
degree courses and of at least two
(2) year technical – vocational
courses and is a requisite for
graduation, consisting of the
following components: ROTC, CWTS
and LTS.
Citizenship training shall be
given emphasis in all three program
components.
Coverage
Students, both Male and
Female, of any baccalaureate degree
course or at least two (2) – year
Technical vocational courses in
public and private educational
institutions shall be required to
complete one of the NSTP components
as requisite for graduation.
Duration and Equivalent Course
Unit
Each of the aforementioned
NSTP program components shall be
undertaken for an academic period
of two (2) semesters.
Creation of the National Service
Reserve Corps
There is hereby created a
National Service Reserve Corps, to
be composed of the graduates of the
non – ROTC components. Members of
this Corps may be tapped by the
State for literacy and civic
welfare activities through the
joint effort of the DND, CHED, and
TESDA.
Other Laws
1. Republic Act 9512 - National
Environmental Awareness and
Education Act of 2008
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act of 2010
PLM Background and History
A Vision for Social Transformation
PLM's conception started
during the administration of Mayor
Arsenio H. Lacson, the first
elective mayor of the City of
Manila in 1951, when he approved
Ordinance No. 4202 on 13 January
1960. The Municipal Board has
allocated P1-Million to establish
the University.
Mayor Lacson suddenly passed
away while in office and before the
fulfillment of his dream
university. His then-Vice-Mayor,
Antonio Villegas, succeeded him and
worked for the realization of the
dream university of his
predecessor. On 13 February 1963,
Mayor Villegas issued Executive
Order No. 7, s-1963, creating a
Planning and Working Committee to
draw up a plan to establish the city
university.
Creation by National Legislation
In 1964, Mayor Villegas co-
opted the aid of then-Congressman
Justo R. Albert of the 4th
congressional district of the City
of Manila to sponsor a bill in the
House of Representatives of the
Congress of the Philippines seeking
to create the city university.
In his explanatory note for
H.B. 8349, Congressman Albert
stressed that "the establishment of
this university by the City of
Manila will spur other cities in
the country to exert similar
efforts so that the responsibility

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

of educating our people may be community university

properly located." ("communiversity") as well as the
first socially-conscious
On 19 June 1965, the final university in the country.
bill entitled "An Act Authorizing
the City of Manila to Establish and Geographical History
Operate the University of the City
of Manila and for Other Purposes" On February 5, 1970, then
was signed into law by President Executive Secretary Ernesto M.
Diosdado P. Macapagal. Maceda, by authority of then
President Ferdinand Marcos,
The Law was captioned as RA conveyed unto the City of Manila
4196 which now serves as the two (2) parcels of land owned by
University Charter. the Republic of the Philippines.
Said real properties consist the
PLM as a Unique Institution of area where PLM stands today.
Higher Learning
The buildings were used as
Formally opened the military headquarters called
University College on Monday, 17 Cuartel del Rey, and later, Cuartel
July 1967 with an initial de España. Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the
enrollment of 556 outstanding and country's national hero, was tried
bright scholars carefully selected on false charges of sedition on
from the upper 10% of the various 1896 December 26 for his love of
public high schools in Manila. country, nationalism, patriotism
PLM is the first institution and enlightened liberalism.
of higher learning in the
Philippines to have its official
name in Filipino -- Pamantasan -- a
name more contextually significant
than its English equivalent in that University Vision – Mission
it connotes wisdom, thereby giving and Objectives
immediate notice that the main goal The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng
of a true university is the Maynila (PLM), created by a
creation of wisdom, which means National Charter (RA 4196, 1965),
nothing short of total was envisioned to be Manila's
understanding, as well as the premiere institution for higher
production not principally of mere learning. It provides superior
professionals but wise men or standards of instructions, as well
"pantas." as opportunities for outstanding
PLM is also the first research in technology and other
university funded solely by a areas for the development of the
municipal government in the intellect and to advance human
country, thus, making it the first knowledge.
university in the country that is Guided by the values of
involved in the variegated and academic excellence, integrity and
multifarious activities of a local social responsibility, PLM
community, which is the City of endeavors to be one of the leading
Manila, hence, the first universities in the ASEAN.
multiversity. It is the first

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

PLM Hymn districts of Manila, namely, Tondo,

The lyrics of the University
Hymn was composed in 1968 by
Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas, Mayor
of Manila, and was presented to the
Board of Regents in Maharnilad
(official name of the famous Manila
City Hall).
The music was composed by
Prof. Felipe Padilla de Leon.
Pamantasang Mahal
Binondo, Quiapo, San Nicolas, Santa
Cruz, Sampaloc, San Miguel, Ermita,
Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan,
Port Area and Santa Ana.
The sunburst signifies the
oriental symbol of "Life, Energy &
Power."
The flaming torch signifies
"Light and Truth."
The green-bound book
signifies modern knowledge.

Pamantasan, Pamantasang Mahal

Nagpupugay kami't nag-aalay
Ng Pag-ibig, taos na paggalang
Sa patnubay ng aming isipan.
Karunungang tungo'y kaunlaran
Hinuhubog kaming kabataan
Maging Pilipinong mero'ng dangal
Puso'y tigib ng kadakilaan.
Pamantasang Lungsod ng Maynila
Kaming lahat dito'y iyong punla
Tutuparin pangarap mo't nasa
Pamantasan kami'y nanunumpa.
Pamantasan kami'y nanunumpa.

PLM Seal and Colors

The circular
shield is
divided into
four quadrants,
representing
the then-four
congressional
districts* of
Manila, while
the fourteen triangles or radiating
spires stand for the administrative

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

The bamboo scroll

signifies the ancient
Tagala culture.
The atomic orbits
signify modern science.
The Nilad branch
signifies the origin of
the name of the ancient
town of Maynilad.
The fourteen
pointed triangles framing
the circular shield
signify the then-fourteen
districts of Manila.
Gold signifies
Nobility, Wealth and
Power.
White signifies
Light, Truth and Faith.
Light-blue
signifies Brotherly-Love
and Peace.
Red signifies
Patriotism, Bravery and
Sacrifice.
Green signifies
Hope

M O D U L E 2

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

S e l f - A w a r e n e s s
a n d V a l u e s
F o r m a t i o n Components of Self

Understanding One’s Self 1. SELF - IMAGE - the view you have

of yourself.
SELF
a. Physical Description
refers to a person's
essential being that distinguishes b. Social Roles
them from others, especially c. Personal Traits
considered as the object of
introspection or reflexive action. 2. IDEAL SELF -what you’d like to
be.
the union of elements (such
as body, emotions, thoughts, and Can be influenced by:
sensations) that constitute the
a. Ways in which others react
individuality and identity of a
to us
person
b. How we think compare to
others
Aspects of Self
c. Social Roles
1. PHYSICAL SELF
d. Extent to which we identify
the felt sense of the self and with other people
includes the physical body. It
3. SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-WORTH – the
covers our perceptions of our body;
extent to which you value yourself.
the images we have of our body –
how fat, thin, muscular and so a. High Self-esteem - positive
forth. view of ourselves
2. SPIRITUAL SELF b. Low Self-esteem - negative
view of ourselves
involved in the investment of
meaning into what we do as humans. Major Factors that Influence Self-
This meaning may be framed in esteem
religious terms or it may be found
in philosophy, psychology, politics a. Reaction of others
and so forth. b. Comparison with others
3. SOCIAL SELF c. Social Roles
part of our self that is openly d. Identification
shared with others in various
social situations such as work,
home, with friends and so forth.
SELF – AWARENESS

- Having a clear perception of

4. PRIVATE SELF your personality, including
strengths, weaknesses,
an aspect that we are aware of but
thoughts, beliefs,
we do not show to others.
motivations, and emotions.

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CWTS REVIEWER
- Allows you to understand
other people, how they
perceive you, your attitude
and your responses to them in
the moment.
Developing Self-Awareness
- Developing Self-Awareness is
about being engaged in what
is going on around us, being
conscious of our feelings,
and understanding the impact
of those emotions in our
ability to perform.
- Self – awareness is developed
through practice by focusing
your attention on the details
of your personality and
behavior.
Self-Awareness as Tool for
Effectiveness
1. Knowing your strengths and
weaknesses
2. developing intuitive
decision-making skills.
3. Skill Development
4. Managing stress
5. Motivation
6. Developing Leadership
Human Behavior Essential for
Obtaining Self-Success
1. An Independent Nature
2. Self-Confidence
3. Persistence
4. A BIG imagination
5. A Thick Skin
6. Clarity of Self-
Understanding
7. Clarity of Intent
Philippians 4:6-8
8. Focus
9. Optimism
10. Passion
Key Areas of
Self-Awareness
 Personality
 Values
 Habits
 Emotions
 Needs
FILIPINO VALUES AND NATIONALISM
VALUES come from the Latin word
“valere” which means “to measure
the worth of something”
- serve as criteria for
determining the levels of
goodness, worth or beauty.
Kinds of values
1. Universal values
are valued by all human beings
due to the intrinsic nature of
these values or by virtue of our
being human beings.
2. Cultural values
are dependent on the social
norms, religious beliefs and
other environmental situations
of people.
3. Personal values
worthwhile to a particular
individual and differ from person
to person.
The Good Citizenship Values
What is a good Filipino Citizen?
- One who plays an active and
intelligent role as a member
of the community;
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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

- who fulfills his duties and  Faith in the Almighty

obligation to the government  Respect for Life
and society;  Order
 Work
- who possesses the traits of
 Concern for the family
respectfulness, courtesy and
and
selflessness for parents and
 future generation
elders and for others;
B. Pagkamaka-Tao
- who observes punctuality,
promptness, and good moral  Love
conduct.  Freedom
How can you become good citizens?  Peace
 Truth
- by living in accordance with the  Justice
good citizenship values we can
derive from the PREAMBLE of the C. Pagkamaka-Bayan
1987 Philippine Constitution:  Unity
“We, the sovereign Filipino  Equality
people, imploring the aid of  Respect for law and
Almighty God, in order to build a government
just and humane society, and  Patriotism
establish a Government that shall  Promotion of the common
embody our ideals and aspirations, good
promote the common good, conserve
and develop our patrimony, and D. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
secure to ourselves and our  Concern for the
posterity, the blessings of environment
independence and democracy under  Environmental Sanitation
the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and
Values of Modern Filipino
promulgate this Constitution.”
Article II, Section 13 of the  Pananalig (Faith)
Philippine Constitution recognizes  Katapatan (Loyalty)
the vital role of the youth in  Pag-aaruga (Caring and
nation-building and shall promote Affection)
and protect their physical, moral,  Kasipagan (Industry)
spiritual, intellectual, and social  Tibay ng Loob (Endurance)
well-being. It shall inculcate in
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE AND
the youth patriotism and
NATIONALISM
nationalism, and encourage their
involvement in public and civic Civic Welfare Training Service
affairs. refers to programs or activities
contributory to the general welfare
The Good Citizenship Values
and the betterment of life for the
Clusters
members of the community or the
A. Pagkamaka-Diyos enhancement of its facilities,
especially those devoted to

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

improving health, education, • QUICK/NELSON

environment, entrepreneurship,
safety, recreation and morals of
the citizenry.
Nationalism
is a devotion of love for one’s
country. A country’s identity is
seen through its culture,
traditions, religions, beliefs, and
even the unity or togetherness of
the people in it. The history of
the Philippines reflects the kind
of nationalism the Filipinos have.
Their heroes stood and fought to
preserve the Filipino identity and
attain freedom and independence.
“The process of guiding &
directing the behavior of people in
the work environment”
• ROBBINS
“The ability to influence a
group toward the achievement of a
“vision or set of goals”
• DUBRIN
“Leadership is typically
perceived as a vertical influence
process, pointing downward in the
direction of formal authority”
• COLQUIT/ LEPINE/ WESSON

10 Modern ways to express Filipino “Leadership is the use of

Nationalism power and influence to direct
activities of followers
1. Respect the Philippine flag toward goal achievement”
and value the Filipino
identity • CONCEPCION MARTIRES

2. Be a productive citizen “Leadership is the process of

influencing people so that they
3. Be aware of the issues in our will seek defined objectives
country enthusiastically”
4. Stand proud for every • MOOREHEAD/ GRIFFIN
Filipinos achievement
“Leadership is both a process
5. Patronize and support our own & a property.
products
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
• Leadership is a process
7. Respect everyone and value
our traditions • Leadership involves influence
8. Speak out our own language • Leadership occurs in groups
9. Remember and commemorate our • Leadership involves common
heroes’ sacrifices for our goals
country
THUS:
10. Love our family, our
neighbors, and our “Leadership is a process whereby
compatriots an individual influences a group
of individuals to achieve a common
LEADERSHIP goal”
AND VOLUNTEERISM

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

• Focused on analyzing mental,

physical and social
Leadership vs Management
characteristics in order to
gain more understanding of
what are the combination of
characteristics that are
common among leaders.
Behavioral Approach
LEWIN STUDIES (Identified (3) Basic
Styles of Leadership)

 Autocratic

 Democratic

 Laissez-Faire

Ohio State Studies

Consideration: People-Oriented
Trait Approach Behavior
• In early 20th century, • Mindful of subordinates
leadership traits were
studied to determine what • Establishes mutual trust
made certain people great
leaders. • Provides open communication

• Focused on identifying the • Develops teamwork

innate qualities and Initiating Structure: Task-
characteristics by great Oriented Behavior
social, political, & military
leaders (e.g. Catherine the • Directs subordinates work
great, Gandhi, Joan of Arc, activities toward goal
Napoleon Bonaparte. attainment

• Great Man Theory • Typically gives instructions,

spends time planning, and
• The trait leadership theory emphasize deadlines
believes that people are
either born or made with Michigan Studies
certain qualities that will
Leadership style has very important
make them excel in Leadership
implications for the emotional
roles. It is certain that
atmosphere of the work environment.
qualities such as
intelligence, sense of • Employee-Centered Leaders
responsibility, creativity
and other values. • Focus on relationships

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

• Less direct or close  Volunteers deliver critical

supervision services

• Concern for people and  Volunteers help to keep our

their needs
• Job-Centered Leaders
• The focus is clearly on
getting the work done
Leadership Grid
 Two-dimensional leadership
theory that measures the
leader’s concern for people
and for production
 Builds on the work of Ohio
State and Michigan Studies
 Identified 5 distinct styles
Contingency Theories
neighborhoods clean and safe
for everyone
 Volunteers educate the public
• People join an organization
because it meets their needs
• Needs can include
- Business
- Friendship
- Belonging
• Volunteers will stay because
the organization continues to
meet those needs
“The Self-Serving Motivational
Drive”

 This theory argues that there • People also commit because of

is no single way of leading friendship
and that every leadership
style should be based on • When a friend personally
certain conditions. asks, most people have a hard
time saying no
 By their nature, contingency
theories are “if-then” • A friend excited about the
theories organization’s cause is the
best person to recruit
 “If the situation is ______,
then the appropriate • Investing in relationships
leadership behavior is can be one of the strongest
_____.” stimulators when it comes to
motivating volunteers
What is volunteering?
“The Relational Drive”
To choose to act in
recognition of a need, with an  For most volunteers, their
attitude of social responsibility core motivational drive –
and without concern for monetary what they believe in -
profit, going beyond one’s basic represents the strongest
obligation level of commitment

Why Volunteer?  This takes place when

volunteers commit to the
 Community Benefits organization because of their
passion - meaning that they

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

actually believe in your - helps students understand how

cause their decisions and actions
affect the environment,
 Even if the cause will cost builds knowledge and skills
them a great deal of personal necessary to address
sacrifice and pain, these
complex environmental issues
volunteers remain highly , as well as ways we can take
motivated action to keep
“The Core Motivational Drive – our environment healthy and
Their Beliefs” sustainable for the future.
It is conceived to sustain
participation of the citizens
especially the youth to
Personal Benefits of Volunteerism
participate in combating ill
• Expands your personal effects of climate change.
professional networks
Related Laws in Promoting
• Learn new and transferable Environment Education and Risk
skills Reduction Management

• Opportunity for career  Republic Act No. 9512 An Act

exploration to promote environmental
awareness through
• Builds a track record of work environmental education and
and commitment for other purposes. This Act
is known as the “National
“Benefits your Professional Environmental Awareness and
Aspirations” Education Act of 2008”.

 Republic Act No. 9003:

M O D U L E 3 January 26, 2001 – This Act
providing for an ecological
E n v i r o n m e n t a l solid waste management
e d u c a t i o n a n d D R R M C program, creating the
necessary institutional
Environmental education is a
mechanisms and incentives,
learning process that increases
declaring certain acts
people’s knowledge and awareness
prohibited and providing
about the environment and
penalties, appropriating
associated challenges, develops the
funds thereof, and for other
necessary skills and expertise to
purposes.
address the challenges, and fosters
attitudes.  Republic Act No.9275: March
Environmental Awareness means being 22, 2004 – An Act providing
aware of the for a comprehensive water
natural environment and making quality management and for
choices that benefit the earth, other purposes.
rather than hurt it.  Republic Act No. 8749: June
a. Importance of Environment 23, 1999 - “Philippines
Education Clean Air Act of 1999” as an
act providing for a

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

comprehensive air pollution disaster risk reduction and

control policy and for other management system, providing
purposes. for the national disaster
risk reduction and management
 Republic Act No. 9147 – An act framework and
providing for the institutionalizing the
conservation and protection national disaster risk
of wildlife resources and reduction and management
their habitats, appropriating plan, appropriating funds
funds therefor and for other therefore and for other
purposes purposes.
 Republic Act No. 9175 – An act Climate change
regulating the ownership,
possession, sale, importation  is any change in climate over
and use of chainsaw, time whether due to natural
penalizing violations thereof processes or as a result of
and for other purposes. human activity

 CHED Memorandum Order No. 33  is a change in the

S. 2009 – Integration of statistical properties of the
Environmental Education in climate system that persists
the Tertiary Education for several decades or
Curriculum particularly the longer—usually at least 30
Civic Welfare and Training years.
Service Component of the
Effects of climate change or
National Service Training
global warming
Program.

 Executive Order 579 - Signed  Melting of snow covers and

glaciers
November 30, 2006 by then
President Gloria Macapagal-  Rise of sea level, shorter
Arroyo, EO 579 aims to winters, early springs,
encourage the formulation and hotter summers and delayed
implementation of the Green coming of autumns
Philippines Programs,
specifically citing the  Altered forest productivity
significant role of the and composition, habitat
(NSTP) National Service shifts of some animals
Training Program. The DOST
is mandated to create a  Changes in the behavior
programs that will ensure pattern of flora and fauna
that students receive  spread of diseases
science-based quality
information on environmental  stronger and more heavier
issues to encourage the rains.
development of environment-
friendly solutions, devices,
equipment and facilities. Climate change is caused by
the increasing volume of
 Republic Act 10121 – an act
Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the
strengthening the philippine

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

atmosphere. Greenhouse gases 2. Corrosive – the substance

are gases that absorb and re- destroys tissues or metals
emit infrared radiation, warming (battery acid)
the earth’s surface and
contributing to climate change 3. Reactive – the substance
(UNEP 1988). These gases are reacts with others and may
water vapor, methane, carbon explode (lithium-sulfur
dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone batteries)
hydrofluorocarbon, 4. Toxic – the substance is a
perfluorocarbon, and sulfur health, water, food and air
hexafluoride. When these gases (pesticide)
increase in volume, more solar
heat will be trapped resulting Hazardous Waste Management
to a warmer atmospheric
A comprehensive and
condition. This phenomenon is
integrated management of toxic
known as the “greenhouse
substance and hazardous wastes
effect”.
which adheres to the waste
management hierarchy of source
reduction, recycling, treatment and
Ecological Solid Waste safe disposal for the protection of
Management /Classification of personnel, environment and
Solid Wastes: property.
a. Hazardous Wastes – These Three main Goals of Hazardous
are solid wastes or a Waste Management
combination of a solid
waste which identify a. Protective of the
concentration or physical, environment,
chemical or infectious b. Improvement of Public Health
characteristics. Paints, and,
batteries, solvents, c. Conservation of Energy
cleaning agents,
Integrated Solid Waste Management
pesticides.
(ISWM)
b. Non-hazardous wastes are
any type of It is the selection of
industrial waste which, combination of techniques,
according to regulations, technologies and management
cannot be added to a programs to achieve waste
dumpster or sewage management objectives.
line. Sugars, lactic acid,
bromides, carbonates.
Four Characteristics of Hazardous
Waste
1. Intangible - the substance
causes or enhances fires
(kerosene, wood)

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Hierarchy of ISWM Air Pollution and Awareness and

Prevention

Zero Waste Management Sources of Air-pollution

is an ecological method of Mobile Sources – such as
handling wastes that does not cars, buses, planes, trucks, and
degrade the environment nor pollute trains
air, water, soil and facilitate
their sanitary friendly, economical Stationary Sources – such as
tool of contributing ecological power plants, oil refineries,
welfare for human beings and the industrial facilities, and
community. factories

5 Concepts of Zero Waste Area Sources – such as

agricultural areas, cities, and
Refuse. Know how to say no to wood burning fireplaces
whatever's not essential
Natural Sources – such as
Reduce. Adjust minimalist wind-blown dust, wildfires, and
tendencies volcanoes
Reuse. Give items a second life Effects of Air Pollution from
Fossil Fuels
Recycle. Prioritize recyclable
packaging Sulfur and nitrogen oxides
irritate the mucous membranes of
Rot. Compost all organic waste
the respiratory system. If
irritation is prolonged, it can
lead to respiratory disease –
persistent cough, emphysema,

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asthma, and other allergies, and Volcanic Eruptions. May cause

worst, cancer. harm following the explosion of the
volcano or falling rocks. The lava
Water Pollution destroys many buildings, plants and
The contamination of water animals due to its extreme heat.
bodies, usually as a result of volcanic ash, generally meaning the
human activities. Water bodies cooled ash, may form a cloud, and
include for example lakes, rivers, settle thickly in nearby locations.
oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Floods.is an overflow of water
Water pollution results when that 'submerges' land. Temporary
contaminants are introduced into covering the land with water which
the natural environment. is usually not covered by water.
Tsunami. /tsuːˈnɑːmi/, also
DISASTER MANAGEMENT known as a seismic sea wave or as a
tidal wave, is a series of waves in
The organization a water body caused by the
and management of resources and displacement of a large volume of
responsibilities for dealing with water, generally in an ocean or a
all humanitarian aspects of large lake.
emergencies, in
particular preparedness, response Drought. event of prolonged
and recovery in order to lessen the shortages in the water supply,
impact of disasters. whether atmospheric (below-average
precipitation), surface water or
Disaster Management is the ground water.
creation of plans through which
communities reduce vulnerability to
hazards and cope with disasters. Disaster can be natural or human
Main motivation: to minimize made
the losses as well as ensure most Human-made disaster – A disastrous
efficient utilization of resources event caused directly and
which are already scarce. principally by one or more
Natural Disasters identifiable deliberate or
negligent human actions.
Landslide. outward and
downward slope movement of an • Air and water pollution (red
abundance of slope-forming tide);
materials including rock, soil,
• Industrial accidents (oil
artificial, or even a combination
spills);
of these things.
Earthquake. result of a • fire; civil disturbances;
sudden release of energy in the war; poverty; bomb threats;
Earth’s crust that creates seismic • accidents like transports
waves. At the Earth's surface, and nuclear or biological.
earthquakes manifest themselves by
vibration, shaking, and sometimes
displacement of the ground.

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Goals of disaster management:

• Proactive plans to mitigate

various business risks.

• Minimizing loss via more

effective preparedness and
response.

• Creating more effective and

durable recovery.
Disaster Preparedness
EAST (Pasig, Marikina)

General Preparedness – LRT-2 Santolan Depot

 Non-perishable food – canned – Marikina Boys Town

food, dry-fruits, high – Red Cross Marikina
protein biscuits
– Ultra Pasig
 Drinking water
WEST (Manila, Malabon, Navotas)
 Blankets, clothes – Intramuros Golf Course
 Medicines SOUTH (Las Pinas, Makati,
Muntinlupa, Paranaque, Pateros,
 Flashlight Taguig, Pasay)
 Battery operated radio – Villamor Air Base Golf Course

 Spare batteries

 First aid box Management Cycle

a. Mitigation Awareness: When
 Long boots, socks
risk is high but perception/
 Fuel-tank should be above the preparedness is low, people
half-mark need technical explanations
about causes, possible
 Garbage bags effects and mitigating
strategies.
 Whistle
b. Preparedness Awareness: When
 Identification cards
risk is imminent, the
community needs detailed
explanation of what is going
Where to go? to happen and how and what to
NORTH (Caloocan, Valenzuela, QC, and what not to do.
San Juan, Mandaluyong) c. Emergency Response Awareness:
– Veterans Memorial Golf Course After the disaster has
struck, people need to know
– University of the Philippines what to do next.
(UP) Diliman

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CWTS REVIEWER Philippians 4:6-8

Things to remember during a

Disaster:

 DO NOT panic.

 If possible, try to help

others.

 Be prepared to stay in it for

the long haul rather than
getting desperate and losing
hope.

 Try to be on your own.

Methodologies:
1. Tree planting
2. Barangay/School clean up drive
3. Seminar / Training
4. Medical mission
5. Tour in factories when recycling
materials
6. Invite resource speaker from
DENR and NDRRMC
7. Classroom discussion
8. Film showing pertaining to
Environmental Education and Risk
Reduction Management
9. Participation in LGU’s related
activities
10. Participation in NGO’s related
activities

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