HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
1935 MANUEL QUEZON
Commonwealth Act No. 1 / National Defense Act
All college students, particularly males, required to
finish 2 years of military training.
1980 FERDINAND MARCOS
Presidential Decree No. 1706 / National Service Law
It was composed of 3 main program components:
1. Civic Welfare Service (CWS)
2. Law Enforcement Service (LES)
3. Military Service (MS)
1986 CORAZON AQUINO
Basic ROTC / Presidential Memorandum Order No. 1
Suspension of civil welfare and Law Enforcement Service
except of Military Service
1995 FIDEL RAMOS
Extended ROTC Program
1st Curriculum year- Military Service
2nd Curriculum year would be optional (to continue
Military service or other components)
Mark Welson Chua (died sometime between 15–18 March
2001)
A Filipino student of the University of Santo Tomas whose death
is widely believed to be linked to his exposé of alleged
irregularities in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit of the
university.
2001 GLORIA ARROYO
Death of Marc Chua became the catalyst for the passage of
Republic Act 9163 or the "National Service Training Program
Law", which removed completion of mandatory ROTC as a
precondition for graduation for male college students in the
Philippines.
Republic Act No. 9163
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP) FOR TERTIARY LEVEL
STUDENTS,AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT
NO. 7077 AND PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1706, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.
SECTION 1. Short Title
“National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001”.
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy
It is hereby affirmed the prime duty of the government to serve
and protect its citizens, In turn, it shall be the responsibility of
all citizens to defend the security of the State and in fulfillment
thereof, the government may require each citizen to render
personal, military or civil service.
SECTION 3. Definition of Terms
For purposes of this Act, the following are hereby defined as
follows:
•(a) “National Service Training Program (NSTP)” is a program
aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness
in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism
while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program
components
•(b) “Reserve-Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)” is a program
institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No.
7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary level
students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them
for national defense preparedness.
•(c) “Literacy Training Service” is a program designed to train
students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to
school children, out of school youth, and other segments of
society in need of their service.
•(d) “Civic Welfare Training Service” refers to programs or
activities contributory to the general welfare and the
betterment of life for the members of the community or the
enhancement of its facilities.
• (e) “Program component” shall refer to the service
components of the NSTP as enumerated on Section 4 of this Act.
SECTION 4. Establishment of the National
Service Training Program
• There is hereby established a National Service Training
Program (NSTP), which shall form part of the curricula of all
baccalaureate degree courses and of at least two (2)-year
technical-vocational courses and is a requisite for graduation,
consisting of the following service components:
SECTION 5. Coverage
• Students, male and female, of any baccalaureate degree course
or at least two (2)-year technical-vocational courses in public and
private educational institutions shall be required to complete one
(1) of the NSTP components as requisite for graduation.
SECTION 6. Duration and Equivalent
Course Unit Each of the aforementioned NSTP program
components shall be undertaken for an academic period of two (2)
semesters.
SECTION 7. NSTP Offering in Higher and
Technical-Vocational Educational Institutions
All higher and technical-vocational institutions, public and
private, must offer at least one of the program components:
SECTION 8. Fees and Incentives
Higher and technical-vocational institutions shall not collect any
fee for any of the NSTP components except basic institution
fees, which shall not be more than fifty percent (50%) of what is
currently charged by schools per unit.
SECTION 11. Creation of the National Service Reserve Corps
• There is hereby created a National Service Reserve Corps, to
be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC components.
• This Corps may be tapped by the State for literacy and civic
welfare activities through the joint effort of the DND, CHED
and TESDA.
• Graduates of the ROTC shall form part of the Citizens’ Armed
Force, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7077.
SECTION 17. Effectivity
This Act shall take effect (15) days after its publication in two
(2) newspapers of national circulation, but the implementation of
this Act commence in the school year of 2002-2003.
Approved: JAN 23 2002
•(Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO President of the
Philippines
•(Sgd.) FRANKLIN M. DRILON President of the Senate
•(Sgd.) JOSE DE VENECIA, JR. Speaker of the House of
Representative
•(Sgd.) OSCAR G. YABES
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION AND CITIZENSHIP
● Determine the value of the 1987 Philippine Constitution and be
able to apply them.To do that, you will:
1. Understand the values contained in the Preamble of the
Philippine Constitution and the application of these values in the
daily lives of the Filipino youth.
2. Explain Article 2 of the Philippine Constitution in the context
of NSTP. Appreciate the significance of good citizenship towards
the attainment of national development.
INTRODUCTION
• The National Service Training Program, together with its
Implementing Rules and Regulations are anchored to the
Philippine Constitution. As defined by Merriam Webster, a
constitution is “the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or
social group that determine the powers and duties of the
government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it”
• In our country, the Constitution of the Philippines or Saligang
Batas ng Pilipinas is the supreme law of the land.
Currently, we have our 1987 Constitution, which was
enacted during the administration of former President Corazon C.
Aquino. The prologue of the Constitution is the preamble. The
preamble is derived from the Latin word “preambulare” which
means “to walk before”.
The Constitution is also known as the highest law in
the land. It is the supreme law that an established government
should follow. As such, all laws made by congress such as the
National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001, Human
Security Act of 2007, and Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
should be in accordance with the Constitution.
1987 PREAMBLE CONSTITUTION
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty
God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote
the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and
secure to ourselves our posterity the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.
Principles
Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority
emanates from them.
Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of
national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of
international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to
the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and
amity with all nations.
Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the
military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of
the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of
the State and the integrity of the national territory.
Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and
protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to
defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may
be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal
military or civil service.
Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of
life, liberty, and property, and the promotion of the general
welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the
blessings of democracy.
Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
State Policies
Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy.
In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration
shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national
interest, and the right to self-determination.
Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest,
adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in
its territory.
Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social
order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the
nation and free the people from poverty through policies that
provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a
rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all.
Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of
national development.
Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person
and guarantees full respect for human rights.
Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and
shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous
social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother
and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and
primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for
civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall
receive the support of the Government.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in
nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical,
moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall
inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage
their involvement in public and civic affairs.
Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in
nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before
the law of women and men.
Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to
health of the people and in still health consciousness among them.
Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the
rhythm and harmony of nature.
Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and
technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and
nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human
liberation and development.
Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic
force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their
welfare.
Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and
independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.
Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the
private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides
incentives to needed investments.
Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural
development and agrarian reform.
Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of
indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national
unity and development.
Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental,
community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the
welfare of the nation.
Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication
and information in nation-building.
Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local
governments.
Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to
opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as
may be defined by law.
Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the
public service and take positive and effective measures against
graft and corruption.
Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law,
the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure
of all its transactions involving public interest.
The Flag Code
What is R.A. 8491?
R.A. 8491 refers to “An act prescribing the code of the National
Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and any other heraldic items
and devices of the Philippines.” It was enacted by the Tenth
Congress of the Philippines on its third regular session. This act
is to be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.”
The Act declares that:
Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded to the flag,
the anthem, and all other national symbols which embody the
national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of
sovereignty and national solidarity.
Understanding Our National Flag
The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white, and red with an
eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as
consecrated and honored by the people. The flag shall be
displayed in all public buildings, official residences, public plazas,
and institutions of learning every day throughout the year.
The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout
the year, in front of the following:
Malacañang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines building;
Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila;
Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos,
Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga
Bayani; Mausoleo de los Veteranos dela Revolución; all
International Ports of Entry and all other places as may be
designated by the Institute.
The Philippine National Motto
MAKADIYOS
Affirmed by our history and Constitution, Filipinos are God-loving
and believe in the supernatural power of God who created the
heaven and earth and the one who bring forth life to mankind.
Word of God – instrument in Molding the Spiritual and Moral
Fiber of Society. Laws related in the Observance of Reading and
Studying the Bible in Public Institutions.
MAKATAO
This value simply means to give respect to others rights and
opinions regardless of individual differences. Personalism is one
of the traits of the Filipinos showing the value of being Makatao.
Interpersonal relationships occur between people who fill each
other’s explicit or implicit physical or emotional needs in some
way.
MAKAKALIKASAN
Being Makakalikasan or pro-environment means give deep
reverence and be a good steward of nature. It is the concern of
everybody to protect nature. In our days, as NSTP students, we
are encouraged to be advocates of environment awareness and
consciousness program of their institution.
MAKABANSA
Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history. It is of its
essence to know profoundly the past, so that they may be
incomplete with the men who that history and in intimate
communion with their thoughts, their deeds and their noble lives.
Nationalism and patriotism are two terms, sometimes used
interchangeably to describe being makabansa.
Dangerous Drugs, HIV and Aids
Introduction
The word drug in Greek was called Pharmakon, meaning both
remedy and poison. It implies that drugs can either harm or cure,
can give pleasure or pain.
First, it is a “natural or synthetic substance that (when taken
into a living body) affects its functioning or structure, when
being used in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, or prevention
of a disease or relief of discomfort. Also called legal drug or
medicine. A legal or medicinal drug (such as amphetamines),
however, can be harmful and addictive if misused.”
Secondly, the drug is being defined as a “habit forming stimulant
or narcotic substance (such as alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, or
derivative of cocoa or poppy) which produces a state of arousal,
contentment, euphoria. Continued or excessive use (called drug
abuse or substance abuse) of such substances causes addiction or
dependence.”
Drug Abuse - exists when a person continually uses a drug
other than its intended purpose. This continued use can lead to
drug dependence, a state of physical and psychological
dependence, or both on a dangerous drug.
Drug Addiction - a complex and often chronic, brain disease. It
is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking, and use.
Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant drug
use.
Dependency - the state of physical and psychological
dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced
by a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or
continuous basis.

RA 9165
AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF
1972,AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
Proponents of this Act 1972 is Pres. Ferdinand Marcos and it was
revised by Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in Act of 2002 The
government shall pursue an intensive and unrelenting campaign
against the trafficking and use of dangerous drugs and other
similar substances through an integrated system of planning,
implementation and enforcement of anti-drug abuse policies,
programs, and projects. The government shall however aim to
achieve a balance in the national drug control program so that
people with legitimate medical needs are not prevented from
being treated with adequate amounts of appropriate medications,
which include the use of dangerous drugs.
Most commonly used drugs and their effects:
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
Methamphetamine hydrochloride is found to have harmful
effects to the brain. It changes how the brain functions. Studies
have shown that methamphetamine abusers have reduced motor
skills and impaired verbal learning as a result of alterations in the
activity of the dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in reward,
motivation, experience of pleasure and motor function. Street
names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal, basura, tawas
Other adverse effects of methamphetamine:
Severe dental problems (“meth mouth”), Anxiety, Extreme
Weight Loss, Confusion, Insomnia, Mood disturbances Violent
behavior
Marijuana
Marijuana use impairs a person's ability to form new memories
and to shift focus. Its active component, tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) also disrupts coordination and balance, posture, and
reaction time (experience commonly referred to as “spacing out”).
Chronic marijuana use significantly reduces a person’s capacity to
learn, carry-out complicated tasks, participate in sports, driving
and operating other machineries. Studies also show that
marijuana use can lead to lung cancer and other problems in the
respiratory and immune systems.
Health problems that come with the use of marijuana include:
Problems with memory and learning, Distorted perception
(sights, sounds, time, touch), Trouble with thinking and problem
solving, Loss of motor coordination, Increased heart rate and
palpitations
Inhalants
The effects of inhalants are similar to that of alcohol, including
slurred speech, lack of coordination, euphoria, and dizziness.
Inhalant abusers may also experience lighth eadedness,
hallucinations, and delusions. Harmful irreversible effects of
inhalants include:∙
Limb spasms, Hearing Loss, Central nervous system or brain
damage, Bone marrow damage
Ecstasy
Ecstasy goes around by the names E, Snackies, and New Yorkers.
The drug, usually made in illegal laboratories, consists of a range
of substances that make it dangerous to consume. It comes in the
form of a tablet, powder, or capsule, and is usually swallowed, but
could also be snorted or injected.
Ecstasy increases users’ empathy levels and induces a feeling of
closeness to people around them. It makes them feel more
sociable and energetic. Short-term use of ecstasy prompts the
body to ignore distress signals such as dehydration, dizziness,
and exhaustion, and interferes with the body's ability to regulate
temperature. It could also severely damage the liver and kidneys
and could cause convulsions and heart failure.
In large doses, ecstasy could cause restlessness, anxiety, and
severe hallucinations. Long-term use damages certain parts of
the brain, bringing about serious depression and memory loss.
Cocaine
Cocaine is known as Crack, Bazooka, Blanche, Cake, Coke, or Lady.
It is a fine white or off-white powder extracted from the leaves
of the coca plant. Cocaine is usually sniffed or injected, while
crack is usually smoked. After snorting cocaine, users feel
exhilarated and euphoric, leading to increased energy levels and
alertness, along with delayed hunger and fatigue. Short-term use
results in loss of appetite, faster breathing, increased body
temperature and heart rate. Users may act strangely, erratically
and at times violently.
Ingesting large doses of cocaine could cause convulsions,
seizures, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or heart failure.
Long-term use of cocaine damages the nose tissue and leads to
respiratory problems, abscesses, and infectious diseases.
Heroin
Heroin is also called Smack, H, Horse, Junk, Harry, and White
Lady. Heroin is a painkiller processed from morphine, which
comes from the opium poppy plant. Pure heroin is a white powder,
but street heroin is brownish white. This highly addictive drug is
usually injected, but could also be snorted, smoked, or inhaled.
Heroin could relieve tension, anxiety, and depression, including
physical distress or pain. Its short-term effects include
constricted pupils, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, inability to
concentrate and apathy. Long-term effects, meanwhile, include
severe weight loss, malnutrition, constipation, menstrual
irregularity, sedation, and chronic apathy.
Overdosing on heroin could lead to coma and death through
respiratory depression. Abruptly quitting heroin leads to severe
withdrawal symptoms, such as cramps, diarrhea, tremors, panic,
runny nose, chills, and sweats.
LSD
Also known as Acid or Hippie, LSD is a semi-synthetic drug made
from lysergic acid, which is found in a fungus that grows on rye
and other grains. Dealers often sell it in squares of blotting paper
with drops containing the drug, but also in the form of tablets,
capsules, and liquid. The colorless and odorless drug is often
swallowed LSD use leads to strong changes in thought, mood, and
senses, along with feelings of empathy and sociability.
Its exact effects, however, vary, depending on the mental state
of the user and the environment when taking the drug. Over the
short term, users experience delusions and distorted perceptions
in terms of time and color, severe and terrifying thoughts and
feelings, such as fear of losing control, insanity, death, and
despair. Users manifest dilated pupils, increased heart rate and
blood pressure, dry mouth and tremors. They lack the appetite
and are sleepless
Barbiturates
Barbiturates are known as central nervous system depressants.
They enhance the action of GABA, a neurotransmitter that
inhibits the activity of nerve cells in the brain. Historically,
barbiturates were used in the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy, to
induce sleep, and as anesthetics. Nowadays, their use is limited to
a few specific conditions, such as:
1. Extreme cases of insomnia
2. Seizures that are unresponsive to other, less toxic, agents
3. the induction of anesthesia
4. In combination with acetaminophen and caffeine to relieve
tension headaches.
This has earned them the nickname “downers”.
HIV and Aids
What is HIV?
refers to human immunodeficiency virus that gradually attacks
the immune system, which is the body’s natural defense against
illness. Once a person becomes infected with HIV, one will find
the difficulty to fight off infections and diseases. The HIV
destroys a type • of white blood cells called a T-helper cells and
replicates itself inside them.
How HIV destroys immune system?
Human blood contains white and red blood cells. Typically, the
white cells ward off and kill any germs which enter the body. How
do they do this? By eating up the germs and by producing
chemicals called antibodies which kill them. The inflow of HIV in
the human body weakens the immune systems and destroys the
white cells. As more and more white cells are killed, the body
become less and less able to fight off the many different germs
which live around in human body all the time.
Stages of HIV Infection
Acute HIV infection Typically, acute HIV infection develops
within two to four weeks as soon as a person is infected with
HIV. In this stage, many people have flu-like symptoms, such as
fever, headache, and rash.
Chronic HIV infection - This stage is also called asymptomatic
HIV infection or clinical latency. At this stage, HIV continues to
multiply in the body but at very low levels. People with chronic
HIV infection may not have any HIV-related symptoms, but they
can still spread HIV to others.
AIDS
AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. Normally, without
treatment, people with AIDS survive about three years.
What is Aids?
●The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or commonly known as
AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, and not everyone who
has HIV advanced to this stage. AIDS is the stage of infection
that occurs when an immune system is badly damaged and
becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infection (such as pneumonia
and tuberculosis).
●Someone with AIDS may develop a wide range of other health
conditions, including cytomegalovirus, fungal infections,
pneumonia, thrush, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis. Possible
increased risk of developing other life-limiting conditions like
cancer and brain illness is also expected.
5% Increase yearly starting 2016
31% Age 15-24 high risk because of sexually active
90% Ignorance among youth awareness
How to Protect myself from HIV Infection?
THE ABCDE HIV Protection for College Students
Abstinence
Authorities agreed that the best way to get rid of HIV/AIDS
infection among young people is to develop the no to pre-marital
sex attitude
Be Respectful
If you love somebody, you have to respect that person, as well as
yourself. Avoiding pre-marital sex is a sign of respect both to
yourself and your partner
Concentrate on your study
The main reason for pursuing dreams of a college education is to
fulfil your dreams in life and be a better and successful person
someday
Do not engage in drugs
Drugs ruin lives, using drugs illegally makes the human body
vulnerable to harmful bacteria that destroys the immune system.
Sharing of needles and syringes among people using illegal drugs
is highly susceptible to HIV/AIDS.
Educate yourself about HIV and Aids
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Awareness
Introduction
Philippine Island as an archipelago is exposed to both climatic and
geological hazards. It is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire with
two major tectonic plates where the Pacific Plate and the
Eurasian Plate meet.
Pacific Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a
path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes
and frequent earthquakes.
Typhoon Belt
The Philippines has suffered from an inexhaustible number of
deadly typhoons, earthquakes, volcano eruptions and other
natural disasters. This is due to its location along the Ring of
Fire, or typhoon belt – a large Pacific Ocean region where many
of Earth's volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
DISASTER
A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts
the functioning of a community or society and causes human,
material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the
community's or society's ability to cope using its own resources.
Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
Types of Disaster
Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from
natural processes of the Earth.
Human Made Disaster
Man-made disasters have an element of human intent, negligence,
or error involving a failure of a man-made system, as opposed to
natural disasters resulting from natural hazards.
Earthquake - the result of a sudden release of stored energy in
the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. At the Earth's
surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or
displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis,
which may lead to loss of life and destruction of property.
Tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or
a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other
underwater explosions above or below water all have the potential
to generate a tsunami.
Volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth's
interior are thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust, and gas
compounds are some of these "ejecta". Some eruptions are
terrible explosions that throw out huge amounts of rock and
volcanic ash and can kill many people.
Typhoon a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180°
and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred
to as the North western Pacific Basin, and is the most active
tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third
of the world's annual tropical cyclones.
Storm Surge - A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm
tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water
commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as
cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the
normal tidal level, and does not include waves.
Disaster Management Cycle
Mitigation
To prevent future emergencies and take steps to minimize their
effects The “mitigation” phase occurs before a disaster takes
place. Here, an organization will take steps to protect people and
property, while also decreasing risks and consequences from a
given disaster situation. The organization’s main goal is to reduce
vulnerability to disaster impacts (such as property damage,
injuries and loss of life). Some of the mitigation actions to
reduce long term vulnerabilities are:
Local plans and regulations. Structural projects. Natural systems
protection. Education programs. Preparedness and response
actions.
Preparedness
To take actions ahead of time to be ready for an emergency. The
“preparedness” phase also occurs before a disaster takes place.
Here, an organization attempts to understand how a disaster
might affect overall productivity and the bottom line. The
organization will also provide appropriate education while putting
preparedness measures into place. Preparedness includes:
Implementation/operation. System of early warning.
Preparedness plans. Emergency Exercises . Emergency
Communication Systems .Public Education and Training
Response
To protect people and property in the wake of an emergency,
disaster or crisis. The “response” phase occurs in the immediate
aftermath of a disaster. Organizations must focus their
attention on addressing immediate threats to people, property
and business. Occupant safety and wellbeing largely depends on
its preparedness levels before disaster strikes. Disaster
response includes:
Assisting refugees with transport Give Temporary shelter and
food Establish semi-permanent settlement in camps Repairing
infrastructures
Recovery
To rebuild after a disaster in an effort to return operations back
to normal The “recovery” phase takes place after a disaster. This
phase is the restoration of an organization following any impacts
from a disaster. By this time, the organization has achieved at
least some degree of physical, environmental, economic and social
stability.
The Republic Act 10121
The R.A. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010, an act strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management system, providing for
the national disaster risk reduction and management framework
and institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other
purposes. The Act shifted the policy environment and the way
the country deals with disasters from mere response to
preparedness. RA 10121 provides a comprehensive, all-hazard,
multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to
disaster risk management through the formulation of the
National Disaster Risk Management Framework.
The National Service Reserve Corps
The National Service Reserve Corps, also referred to by the
acronym NSRC(Filipino: Panlaáng Hukbo ng Pambansang
Paglilingkod), is a unit composed of graduates of the Civic
Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and Literacy Training Service
(LTS) components of the National Service Training Program, a
civic education and defense preparedness program in the
Philippines.
Basic Life Support
BASIC LIFE RESPONSE IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease - is an infectious disease
caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
How does COVID-19 virus spread?- The virus can spread from
an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when
they cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe. These particles range
from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols.
ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
•as formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between
principal resuscitation organizations worldwide.
•IL COR literally means “ Sick Heart”.
CARDIAC ARREST - A condition in which the heart stops
beating and no blood is pumped to the rest of the body.
How to recognize a sudden Cardiac Arrest? No RESPONSE, No
PULSE, No BREATHING.
Two Causes of Heart Problem
Can be modified: Excessive smoking (1st, 2nd, 3rd hand), Lack of
exercise, Life style
Cannot be modified: Family History, Ethnic Background, Trauma
Agonal Gasping
•Gasping, or agonal respiration, is an indicator of cardiac arrest.
When these irregular breathing patterns occur, it’s a sign that
the victim’s brain is still alive and that you must begin
uninterrupted chest compressions or CPR immediately.
CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
CPR is used to establish circulation and artificial ventilation in
patient who is not breathing and has no pulse. It is a life-saving
technique for cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. The best
treatment for cardiac arrest until the arrival of advance cardiac
life support care.
When do you start CPR
The patient has NO RESPONSE OR UNCONSCIOUS
The patient has NO PULSE
The patient has NO BREATHING
IF THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS
• Without breathing = Cardiac = HEART
• Without pulse = Arrest = STOPS
CPR Protocols amid COVID-19 Five (5) Cycle of Thirty (30) chest
Compressions or 2 minutes of continues chest compressions.
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED)
Sophisticated, reliable computerized device that use and visual
prompts to guide lay rescuers and health care providers to safety
defibrillate Ventricular fibrillation of sudden Cardiac Arrest. It
cause momentary systole. Allows hearts natural peacemaker to
resume normal activity.
How to Operate an AED
P – power On
A – attach pads
A – analyze heart rhythm
S – apply Shock
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and
biological components of the earth or atmosphere system to such
an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely
affected.” It is largely attributed to human’s action, especially
when the urban-industrial and technological era began.
Pollutants - The elements, molecules, and particles that
contribute to pollution and harmful to all living things when
exposed to these are called pollutants. It has long or short-term
damage to the growth rate of plants and animals.
Solid Waste- is the discarded, unwanted, or useless solid waste
materials generated and accumulated from human activities, from
households to commercial and industrial operations. Solid waste
like empty plastic containers, disposed foods, and raw fruits and
vegetables, hospital wastes, metals, styro foam, and many more
are greatly contributors to environmental degradation and
pollution.
Liquid Waste - Another form of waste is the liquid waste, which
can be defined as liquids like water waste, fats, oil, or grease
(FOG), used oil, liquids, solids, gases, or sludges which are
hazardous or potentially harmful to human health or the
environment. It can also be classified based on the nature of the
liquid waste and the risk it poses.
Climate Change - a change of climate that is attributed directly
or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the
global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time period. It is caused by
the increasing volume of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the
atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are gases that absorb infrared
radiation, warming the earths’s surface and contributing to
climate change
Effects of Climate Change or Global Warming
Climate Change Interventions - are classified into two major
categories mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation interventions
focus on tackling the cause of climate change, while adaptation
interventions are designed to assist people and countries in
tackling the effects of climate change.
Solid Waste Management Law
What are solid wastes?
• Any discarded (abandoned considered waste-like) materials.
• Can be SOLID, LIQUID, SEMISOLID, or Containerized
GASEOUS material.
• E.g. Tires, scrap metals, furniture and toys, discarded
appliances and vehicles construction and demolition debris.
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
Domestic waste, Commercial waste, Community waste,
Construction waste, Industrial waste
Hazardous waste - Type of waste that has substantial or
potential threats to public health or the environment.
Classified according to:
Flammability, Corrosivity (rustor
decompose),Reactivity(explosive), Toxicity
Hospital waste
Waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization
of humans or other animals in research activities, production or
testing of biological.
Garbage can then be classified as either organic waste ,toxic
waste , recyclable and soiled.
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT?
Refers to Garbage or trash management. A system for handling
trash be it municipal waste collection, recycling programs, dumps
and incinerator. Solid waste management is the collecting and
treating of solid wastes. Can also entail recycling of the
materials.
KEY COMPONENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. Generation: stage at which materials become valueless to the
owner and wish to get rid of them.
2.Storage: system of keeping materials after they have been
discarded and prior to collection and final disposal.
3.Collection: refers how waste is collected for transportation to
the final disposal site.

4.Transportation: stage where solid waste is transported to the

final disposal site.

5. Disposal: safe disposal of solid waste. It’s usually carried out
by land application (burial or landfilling), composting, burning or
incineration and recycling.
WASTE MANAGEMENT LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Republic Act 7924
Mandates MMDA to formulate and implement policies, standards,
programs and projects for proper and sanitary waste disposal
management in the cities and municipalities in Metro Manila.
Local Government Code of 1991
LGUs are responsible for collecting solid wastes in their
respective area of jurisdiction.
Republic Act 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
of 2000)
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCLAMATION (NO.
513/2007)
This proclamation aims to prevent environmental damage from
solid waste while harnessing its potential economic benefits. It
defines solid waste management as the collection, transportation,
storage, recycling or disposal of solid waste. The proclamation
indicates the need for involvement of the private sector for
effective management and describes the safe transport of solid
waste including hazardous waste (FDRE, 2007).
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Aerobic Composting
Bacteria that requires oxygen is used to compost biological
wastes. This organic waste should be exposed to air.
Agricultural Waste

• Defines and sets parameters of solid waste management Organic residual materials from different sources including fruit,
vegetables, life stock and poultry. It can be found in both solid
-Segregation at source and liquid form.

-Separate collection of waste materials Air Pollution

-Strict implementation of materials recovery system including Air pollutants found in the atmosphere that are harmful to
recycling humans, animals and/or plants. It can also cause damage
properties
-Prohibiting open burning
Anaerobic digestion
• Penalty is not less than 300php but not more than1000php
Unlike aerobic composting this anaerobic composting method
or community service of not more than 15 days.
requires no oxygen. Methane is produced during the process of
fermentation.
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000
Biodegradable material
• RA 9003 describes solid waste management as a discipline
associated with the control of generation, storage, collection,
Whеn mісоrgаnіѕmѕ break dоwn оrgаnіс mаtеrіаlѕ іntо ѕіmрlеr
transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes.
соmроundѕ, biodegradable mаtеrіаlѕ аrе сrеаtеd. Ѕоmе оf thе
mоѕt соmmоn hоuѕеhоld ехаmрlеѕ аrе: fооd wаѕtе, рареr,
• The Act provides for a comprehensive ecological solid waste
сlоthіng аnd tоwеlѕ
management program by creating the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, appropriating funds, declaring certain
Bulky waste
acts prohibited, and providing penalties.
Ноuѕеhоld аррlіаnсеѕ ѕuсh аѕ оvеnѕ аnd frіdgеѕ, аѕ wеll аѕ
WASTE MANAGEMENT LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES
unwаntеdfurnіturе аnd оthеr lаrgе rеfuѕе thаt саn't bе handled
bу thе Мunісіраl ЅоlіdWаѕtе (МЅW)
Commonwealth Act No. 383
Chemical Waste
-Effective September 5, 1938
Waste containing or made from harmful chemicals. Most rubbish
-Prohibits the dumping into rivers of refuse waste matter or
removal companies in the UK don't collect chemical waste due to
substance of any kind.
safety reasons
-Punishment of imprisonment of not more than six months or by a
fine of not more than 200php or both.
Clinical Waste APPLICATIONS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Меdісаl wаѕtе іѕ uѕuаllу рrоduсеd bу hеаlthсаrе fасіlіtіеѕ ѕuсh аѕ
lаbоrаtоrіеѕ аnd hоѕріtаlѕ. Сlіnісаl wаѕtе dоеѕn't fаll undеr thе
саtеgоrу оf "gеnеrаl wаѕtе".
Collection
Residential and/or commercial rubbish is loaded on to a
specialized van that then transports it to a local disposal site.
• Waste is not something that should be disposed of with no
regard for future use.
• It’s valuable resource if addressed correctly.
• Example: using an industrial waste in a manufacturing process to
make another product or using a waste as a substitute for
construction materials.

Commercial waste • In order, benefits includes conserving energy, reducing the

need to extract natural resources and reducing demand for
Materials from factories, markets, restaurants, pubs, offices, disposal facilities.
warehouses, hotels and other wholesale or retail establishments.

Compost

Material produced as a result of the composting process. It's

sometimes called humus and is often used as a fertilizer.

Debris

Scattered pieces of waste intended for disposal. It consists of

solid materials usually larger than 62 mm.

Disposal

The collection and transportation of waste by the rubbish

removal team to the local landfill or dump.

Dumpster

A special trash receptacle designed to be hoisted and emptied

into the waste collection truck

Duty of Care

Аnуоnе whо рrоduсеѕ, ѕtоrеѕ, trаnѕроrtѕ оr dіѕроѕеѕ оf

dоmеѕtіс аnd/ оr соmmеrсіаl rubbіѕh іѕ rеquіrеd tо trеаt thе
рublіс wіth соnѕіdеrаtіоn аnd rеѕресt fоr hеаlth аnd ѕаfеtу
rеаѕоnѕ.

Electronic Waste

Е-wаѕtе іѕ dіѕсаrdеd еlесtrоnіс dеvісеѕ ѕuсh аѕ соmрutеrѕ, ТVѕ,

mісrоwаvеѕ аnd оthеr еlесtrісаl аррlіаnсеѕ. Тhіѕ tуре оf wаѕtе іѕ
аlѕо knоwn аѕ Wаѕtе Еlесtrісаl аnd Еlесtrоnіс Еquipment (WЕЕЕ)

Food Waste

Тhіѕ іѕ fооd dіѕсаrdеd frоm dоmеѕtіс аnd соmmеrсіаl kіtсhеnѕ.

Тhе mоѕtсоmmоn tуреѕ оf fооd wаѕtе аrе fruіt аnd vеgеtаblе
рееlіngѕ, mеаt ѕсrарѕ аnd ѕроіlеd mеаlѕ

Hazardous Waste

А роtеntіаllу hаrmful аnd dаngеrоuѕ tуре оf rubbіѕh thаt іѕ nоt

ѕаfе fоrhumаnѕ nоr fоr thе еnvіrоnmеnt. Ѕресіаl рrесаutіоnѕ
ѕhоuld bе tаkеn whеnіt'ѕ dіѕроѕеd оf.