Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Constitution -It is a basic principles and laws of a The State shall protect and promote the right of all
nation that determine the powers and duties of the citizens to qualify education at all levels, and shall
government and guarantee a certain rights to the take appropriate steps to make such education
people of it. accessible to all.
The 1899 Malolos Constitution – the first ever (2) Establish and maintain a system of free
republican constitution in Asia that was public education in the elementary and high school
announced at the Barasoain Church by Emilio levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents
Aguinaldo. The Malolos Congress. to rear their children, elementary education is
compulsory for all children of school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of (2) Educational institutions, other than those
scholarship grants, student loan programs, established by religious groups and mission boards,
subsidies, and other incentives which shall be shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines
available to deserving students in both public and or corporations or associations at least sixty per
private schools, especially to the underprivileged; centum of the capital of which is owned by such
citizens. The Congress may, however, require
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and increased Filipinoequity participation in all
indigenous learning systems, as well as self- educational institution.
learning, independent, and out-of-school study
programs particularly those that respond to No educational institution shall be established
community needs; and exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall
comprise more than one-third of the enrollment in
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and any school. The provisions of this subsection shall
out-of-school youth with training in civics, not apply to schools established for foreign
vocational efficiency, and other skills. diplomatic personnel and their dependents and,
unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign
Article XIV Section 3 temporary residents.
3. ANY CONFESSION OR ADMISSION OBTAINED IN ALL PERSONS SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY
VIOLATION OF THIS OR SECTION 17 HEREOF DISPOSITION OF THEIR CASES BEFORE ALL
SHALL BE INADMISSIBLE IN EVIDENCE AGAINST JUDICIAL, QUASI-JUDICIAL, OR ADMINISTRATIVE
HIM. BODIES.
4. THE LAW SHALL PROVIDE FOR PENAL AND CIVIL SEC. 16 ART III
SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF THIS SECTION
AS WELL AS COMPENSATION TO THE SELF INCRIMINATION
REHABILITATION OF VICTIMS OF TORTURE OR
SIMILAR PRACTICES, AND THEIR FAMILIES. NO PERSON SHALL BE COMPELLED TO BE A
WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF.
SEC. 12 ART III
SEC. 17 ART III
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED NO PERSON SHALL BE DETAINED SOLELY BY
REASON OF HIS POLITICAL BELIEFS AND
1. NO PERSON SHALL BE MADE TO ANSWER FOR A ASPIRATIONS.
CRIMINAL WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW.
SEC. 18 (1)ART III
2. IN ALL CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS, THE
ACCUSED SHALL BE PRESUMED INNOCENT INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE
UNTIL THE CONTRARY IS PROVED, AND SHALL
ENJOY THE RIGHT TO BE HEARD BY HIMSELF NO INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE IN ANY FORM SHALL
AND COUNSEL, TO BE INFORMED OF THE EXIST EXCEPT AS PUNISHMENT FOR A CRIME
NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE ACCUSATION WHEREOF THE PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN DULY
AGAINST HIM, TO HAVE A SPEEDY, IMPARTIAL, CONVICTED.
AND PUBLIC TRIAL, TO MEET THE WITNESSES
FACE TO FACE, AND TO HAVE COMPULSORY SEC. 18 (2) ART III
L3 - DRUG ADDICTION
NON IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBIT
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
NO PERSON SHALL BE IMPRISONED FOR DEBT OR
NON – PAYMENT OF POLL TAX ● Republic Act No. 9165
- An act instituting the Comprehensive Dangerous
SEC. 20 ART III Drugs Act of 2002, repealing RA No. 6425 of 1972,
as amended, providing funds therefor, and for
PROHIBITED PUNISHMENT other purposes.
● Signed: June 7, 2002
EXCESSIVE FINES SHALL NOT BE IMPOSED, NOR ● Published: June 19, 2002
CRUEL, DEGRADING OR INHUMAN PUNISHMENT ● Effective: July 4, 2002
INFLICTED. NEITHER SHALL DEATH PENALTY BE
IMPOSED, UNLESS, FOR COMPELLING REASONS ❖ RA No. 9165 Section 2
INVOLVING HEINOUS CRIMES, THE CONGRESS Declaration of Policy
HEREAFTER PROVIDES FOR IT. ANY DEATH PENALTY .- It is the policy of the State to safeguard the
ALREADY IMPOSED SHALL BE REDUCED TO integrity of its territory and the well being of its
RECLUSION PERPETUA. citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful
effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and
THE EMPLOYMENT OF PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, mental well being, and to defend the same against
OR DEGRADING PUNISHMENT AGAINST ANY acts or omissions detrimental to their development
PRISONER OR DETAINEE OR THE USE OF and preservation. In view of the foregoing, the
SUBSTANDARD OR INADEQUATE PENAL FACILITIES State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the
UNDER SUBHUMAN CONDITIONS SHALL BE DEALT law against dangerous drugs, it being one of
WITH BY LAW. today’s more serious social ills.
EX POST FACTO LAW AND BILL OF ● Any person, who unless authorized by law, shall
ATTAINDER sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give
away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit
NO EX POST FACTO LAW OR BILL OF ATTAINDER or transport any controlled precursor and
SHALL BE ENACTED essential chemical, or shall act as a broker in
such transaction.
SEC. 22 ART III
● For drug pusher who use minors or mentally
incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers
and messengers, or in any other capacity
directly connected to the dangerous drugs trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid
and/or controlled precursor and essential diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxybutyrate
chemicals trade, the maximum penalty shall (GHB), and those similarly designed or newly
be imposed in every case. introduced drugs and their derivatives, without
having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
● If the victim of the offense is a minor or possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements,
mentally incapacitated individual, or should a as determined and promulgated by the Board in
dangerous drug and/or a controlled precursor accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.
and essential chemicals involved in any offense
herein provided be the proximate cause of
death of a victim thereof, the maximum ❖ SECTION 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs
penalty provided for under section shall be
imposed. ● A person apprehended or arrested, who is found
to be positive for use of any dangerous drug,
● The maximum penalty provided for under this after a confirmatory test.
Section shall be imposed upon any person who ● A penalty of a maximum of 6 months
organized, manages or acts as a “financier” of rehabilitation in a government center for the
any of the illegal activities. The penalty of 12 first offense, subject to the provision of Article
yrs & 1 day to 20 yrs of imprisonment. VII of this Act. If apprehended using any
dangerous drug for the second time, he/she
● Fine ranging from P100, 000.00 to shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging
P500,000.00 shall be impose upon any person, from 6 years and 10 days to 12 years. Fine of
who acts as a “protector/coddler” of any ranging from 50,000.00 P200,000.00:
violator of the provisions under this section. ● Provided that this section shall not be
applicable where the person tested is also
found to have in his/her possession such
❖ SECTION 11. POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS quantity of any dangerous drug provided for
DRUGS under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the
● The penalty of life imprisonment to death provision stated therein shall apply.
● Fine ranging from P500,000.00 to
P10,000,000.00. WHAT IS A DRUG?
● Any person, who unless authorized by the law, ● A drug is a chemical substance that brings about
shall possess any dangerous drug in the physical, emotional or behavioral change in a
following quantities, regardless of the degree person taking it.
of purity thereof: ● Is any substance other than food or water that is
1. 10 grams or more of opium; intended to be taken or administered for the
2. 10 grams or more of morphine; purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling
3. 10 grams or more of heroin; the recipients physical, mental or emotional
4. 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine state.
hydrochloride;
5. 50 grams or more of methamphetamine ❖ Drug abuse is the use of any chemical
hydrochloride or “shabu”. substance, licit or illicit, resulting to individual’s
6. 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or physical, mental, or social impairment.
marijuana resin oil;
7. 500 grams or more of marijuana; It may refer to any of the following practices:
8. 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such 1.Using, without benefit or prescription, useful
as but not limited to, drugs which have the capacity to alter the mood or
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or behavior.
“ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
2. Using drugs and substances for a purpose ❖ Inhalants - volatile chemical substances that
different from the one from which the drug has contains psycho-active (mind/mood altering)
been prescribed. vapors producing a state of intoxication.
3. Using drugs and substances having no Ex: Glue and Adhesive Cement / Rugby / Super
legitimate medical application or purposes other Glue / Thinner
than research.
❖ Sleeping Pills
❖ ORIGIN OF DRUGS BENZODIAZEPINES – commonly known as
● Natural - anything that comes from nature. tranquilizers and sleeping pills. They are classified
● Synthetic - anything that is produced as short, medium and long acting. This relates to
artificially or processed in the laboratory. the length of the drug action in the body. Length of
action can also be influenced by the health of a
PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS person’s liver, age and weight.
A.K.A. Valium, Ativan, Nubain, etc.
❖ Stimulants
- Also known as “uppers” ❖ Tobacco - means the curved leaves of the
- Any of a group of drugs that excite the central tobacco plant “nicotiana tobacu” which contains
nervous system. It increase alertness, alleviate a very potent ingredient called nicotine.
fatigue, reduce hunger and provide a feeling of
well-being.
Ex. Cocaine, Methamphetamine (SHABU) Republic Act No. 9211 - Known as Tobacco
Regulation Act of 2003
❖ Depressant
- also called as “downers” or “barbs” Prohibited Acts:
- Any drug or chemical that decreases the activity
of any bodily function. The term is most often used - Smoking in public places and public
to refer to drugs that reduce the activity of the transportation
central nervous system. - Tobacco sponsorship restricted to activities for
Ex: Sedatives, Sleeping Pills, Tranquilizers those "18 and above“ beginning July 1, 2006
Government Response to the Problem 6. Educate parents on how to strengthen the moral
and spiritual values of their children.
1. Preventative education programs to dissuade
users or potential users from experimenting with 7. Assist parents on how to reach responsibility to
illegal drugs and/or continuing to use them. their children by giving duties proportional to their
age.
2. Treatment and rehabilitation programs aimed at
facilitating abstinence.
3. Intensified campaigns against illegal drugs and The soundness of the activity that we do today will
trafficking. contribute to the success of the program that we
have in the days ahead together with our clients.
4. Judicial and legislative measures.
5. Participate in the conduct and implementation of 5. If your house is in a flood-prone area, flee to the
programs of the Barangay LGU regarding disaster nearest evacuation center.
preparedness and management such as
information drive, trainings, capability and 6. Prepare a flashlight and a portable radio with
vulnerability assessment, evaluation, planning and new batteries
execution of disaster management plan. 7. Stock enough supplies of canned goods, flood,
6. Provide first aid to whoever needs it. potable water, fuel, batteries, and keep a first aid
kit.
7. Volunteer oneself in repacking and distribution
of relief goods during calamities. 8. Turn off the main power safety switch and water
valve if there’s a flood.
8. Act as first responder and assist in the disaster
rescue operation of the LGU in the community 9. Carry and transfer your home appliances and all
whenever necessary. your important documents to a higher place to
prevent floodwaters from reaching it.
9. Report irregularities and incidents to proper
authority during emergency and hazards situation. 10. Avoid low lying areas, riverbanks, creeks,
mountain sides, hill sides and ravines. Heavy
Disaster Mathematical Equation downpour can cause landslides, mudslides or
Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure / Capacity = rockslides.
Disaster Risk
11. Do not wade in the floods nor cross a raging
❖ Typhoon or Tropical Storm river.
-A tropical cyclone that forms and occurs in 12. Do not use electrical appliances or gas stoves
the northwestern Pacific or Indian oceans. which were submerged in flood water.
❖ Flood 13. If there’s a need to proceed to the evacuation
-an overflow or accumulation of an area, do the following:
expanse of water that submerges land. In the
sense of "flowing water", the term may also be a. Close all the windows and lock all the
used to describe the inflow of the tide. Flooding doors of your house.
may result from the volume of water within a body b. Make sure to switch off the main circuit
of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows
breaker or fuse box.
or breaks levees, with the result that some of the
water escapes its usual boundaries. c. Close the valve of the liquefied petroleum
gas cylinder.
Safety Tips during Storm/Typhoon and Floods
d. Elevate all the important documents,
1. Remain calm and stay indoors. things, and possessions.
2. Stay tuned in to radios and televisions for the e. Bring the following when evacuating:
latest weather report.
- First aid kit which contains bandages, antiseptics, volcanic activity. It is derived from the Japanese
cottons and medicines for cough and colds, fever, terms “tsu” and “nami” which means “harbor
LBM, etc. wave” when translated literally. In the deep
ocean, the tsunami wave may only be a few inches
- Flashlight, new batteries, matches, and candles high. The tsunami wave may come gently ashore or
- Transistor radio and new batteries may increase in height to become a fast moving
wall of turbulent water several meters high.
- Blankets, clean clothes, boots, and raincoats Sometimes, tsunamis are also called tidal waves.