SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO:
- Refers to the psychology born out of Consequences:
the experience, thought and
orientation of the Filipinos, based on
the full use of Filipino culture and
language.
- It is based on assessing historical
and socio-cultural realities,
understanding the local language,
unraveling Filipino characteristics,
and explaining them through the
eyes of the native Filipino.
Importance of studying Sikolohiyang
Pilipino:
- It corrects the biases of dominantly
Euro-American psychology
- It creates more inclusive psychology
- It gives us more opportunities to get
to know ourselves as Filipinos
- It can be an instrument of
decolonization
- It expands the knowledge base of
Psychology
Understanding Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
1.Psychology as WEIRD. WEIRD stands
for Western, Educated, Industrialized,
Rich, Democratic countries:
- 93% of Psychological knowledge is
based on the US and other WEIRD
samples
- But it accounts only for 16% of the
total world populations
2. The dangers of blind faith in Western
Psych:
- Result is Copycat Psychology
- “Angat Patong” or Uni-National
Dominance in Psychology (Mga
teorya sa America ay pwedeng
dalhin sa Pilipinas Pero ang mga
teorya ng Pilipinas ay hindi pwede
dalhin sa ibang bansa)
- EXCLUSION of local experiences
- ALIENATION: Psychology as
removed from experiences of the
ordinary Filipino
3. Considerations of an Indigenous
Psychology
Psychology is indigenous if:
- it is developed from within the
culture
- it reflects local behaviors
- It can understand behaviors using
local frame of reference
- It produces knowledge that is
meaningful and relevant to the
culture
The Development of indigenous
psychologies:
- Limits of Western Psychology in
providing answer to local societal
issues
4. Psychology in the Philippines has
not yet fully indigenized:
● Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas:
- All forms of psychology
existing in the Philippines
● Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino:
- Product of angat-patong of
WEIRD Psychology
● Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
- Product of indigenization of
Psychology
5. Culture as an organizing principle
in Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
● Culture:
- Set of ideas that coordinate
the actions and construct the
meanings of a group of
people.
6. Worldview as an organizing framework
of culture:
● Worldview
- a collection of attitudes,
values, stories and
expectation about the world
around us, which inform our
every thought and action
8. Sikolohiyang Pilipino operates within
a social justice framework:
- The advocacy nature of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino as
mapagpalayang Sikolohya should be
emphasized for the welfare of
marginalized sectors.
Goals of Pambansang Samahan ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- Promote Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- Gain understanding of self based on
Filipino context
- Highlight marginalized Filipinos
Beginnings of FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY:
● Colonization of Spain and US
- Psychology taught in schools
was predominantly Western
● Filipino intellectuals expressed
dissatisfaction at the interpretation of
Filipino behavior by Western
observations.
● This disenchantment continued as
Filipinos struggled to assert their
national and cultural identity
1960:
- Filipino scholars were already
sensitive to the inadequacy and
unfairness of the Western- oriented
approaches in Psychology yet there
were no efforts to correct traditional
ways of teaching Psychology
- Western approach in research of not
being enmeshed and bound by the
culture being studied has resulted in
a characterization of the Filipino
from the "judgmental and
impressionistic point of view of the
colonizers" Example: Indirectness of
Filipino communication
1970:
- Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to
the Philippines from Northwestern
University, USA with a Ph.D. in
Social Psychology and lost no time
in introducing the concept of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Virgilio Enriquez:
- A Filipino psychologist considered
the father of sikolohiyang Pilipino
(Filipino Psychology) who advanced
indigenous psychology in the
Philippines
- Born in Bulacan on November 24,
1942, he was the youngest child of
Arsenio Enriquez and Rosario
Gaspar
- He earned his BA in Philosophy at
the University of the Philippines (UP)
in 1961.
- He joined the UP Department of
Psychology as a faculty member
 - He took graduate studies at
Northwestern University in the
United States, where he obtained his
MA in psychology in 1970 and PhD
in Social Psychology in 1971
Together with then-chairman of the
Department of Psychology at the University
of the Philippines (UP), Dr. Alfredo V.
Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on research
into the historical and cultural roots of
Philippine Psychology.
1975:
- The Unang Pambansang
Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang
Pilipino which was held at Abelardo
Auditorium in UP. Ideas, concepts
and formulations of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino were formally articulated
Perspectives in FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY:
Ayon sa pagsusuri sa Sikolohiyang
Pilipino (Enriquez, 1974) ang Sikolohiya
ay tungkol sa mga sumusunod:
● KAMALAYAN(Consciousness)
- Tumutukoy sa damdami't
kaalamang nararanasan
● ULIRAT
- Tumutukoy sa pakiramdam
sa paligid
● Isip
- Tumutukoy sa kaalaman at
pag unawa.
● Diwa
- Tumutukoy sa ugali, kilos o
asal.
● Kalooban
- Tumutukoy sa damdamin.
● KALULUWA
- Tumutukoy sa daan para
mapagaralan ang budhi
(conscience) ng tao.
Anyo ng sikolohiya (forms of
psychology):
Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas:
- Ito ay ang kabuuang anyo ng
Sikolohiya na bunga ng kaalamang
may kinalaman sa sikolohiya sa
bansang Pilipinas
- Ex. Ang mga inaakalang ugali at
katangian ng mga Pilipino na
nagmula sa mga Dayuhan:
- Mañana habit, Filipino time, Ningas
kugon.
Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino:
- Pag-aaral, pananaliksik at konsepto
sa sikolohiya patungkol sa mga
Pilipino.
- Ito ay magagamit tungo sa pag
unlad ng pagkaunawa sa sikolohikal
ng mga Pilipino
- Ang pangunahing suliranin na
umiiral ay dulot ng pag gamit ng
mga terminong panlalahat. Ex:
Ilokano - Matipid, Kapampangan -
masarap magluto
- Ang kalikasan ng Sikolohiyang
Pilipino ay nilinaw at inilahad sa
isang papel sa kumbensyon ng PAP.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
- Ito ang nilalayong anyo ng sikolohiya
sa kontekstong Pilipino.
- Upang umunlad ang SP, hindi ito
dapat kumiling sa unibersal o
partikular. Sa halip, ay dapat
pahalagahan ang dalawa.
- Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute
to universal psychology, which can
be realized only if each group of
people is adequately understood by
themselves and from their own
perspective. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is
a step towards contributing to
universal psychology
Goals of Sikolohyang Pilipino:
- a body of knowledge including
indigenous concepts
- development of indigenous research
methods
- indigenous personality testing
- New directions of Filipino
psychology
- Active participation in organizations
among Filipino psychologists and
social scientists, both in the
Philippines and overseas
Cross-cultural, cultural and indigenous
psychology
Colonization of Spain and US
- Universalist
- Contextualist
- Integrationist
Cross Cultural Psychology
- The universalist approach aims to
discover abstract, nomothetic, and
general laws of human functioning
- Cross-cultural psychologists have
carried out research in various areas
of psychology to test and verify the
universality of existing psychological
theories
- Contextualists believe that
researchers use their own culture
implicitly as the standard by which
other cultures are judged
- They argue that each culture should
be understood from its own frame of
reference, including its own
ecological, historical, philosophical,
and religious context.
Indigenous Psychology:
- The integrationist approach
recognizes the importance of
integrating the context and content
of psychological knowledge in our
search of universals.
- Native Psychology that is not
transplanted from other cultures.
- Goal is to preserve existing culture.
Indigenization:
- The process of transforming
Psychology to reflect local cultures
- Indigenization from without
- Indigenization from within
Indigenization from without:
- Cultural validation
- Culture as target
- Contributions from WEIRD
- Psychology are contextualized within
Filipino culture
- Ex. Transporting psychological
theories, concepts and methods and
modifying them to fit the local
cultural context
Indigenization from within:
- Cultural revalidation
- Local culture as resource;
integrating local knowledge systems
into formal psychological knowledge
base
- Examining knowledge, skills, and
beliefs which people have about
themselves and studying these
aspects in natural contexts.
Aspects of Indigenization:
Theoretical and conceptual
indigenization
- Development of indigenous
concepts and theoretical frameworks
Theoretical and conceptual
Indigenization
- Considerable progress has been
made in the identification and
elaboration of indigenous concepts,
particularly in the area of personality
and values.
- Ex. Sumpong, Pakikisama,
Pagtawad
Controversy: Concept interpretations have
sometimes reflected colonial perspectives
Ex. Pakikisama was viewed as an important
means by which Filipinos achieve smooth
interpersonal relations, which in turn is an
important means of maintaining social
acceptance
Enriquez argues that pakikisama refers to
only one of many levels of interaction in
Philippine culture, ranging from the
uninvolved civility of pakikitungo to the total
identification of pakikiisa.
Methodological indigenization:
- Adaptation or development of
instruments and methods that are
culturally appropriate
- Early and continuing efforts have
been made to develop local tests of
educational, occupational aptitude,
achievement, interest, projective and
personality test
Topical indigenization:
- The extent to which the topics under
study are relevant to the concerns of
the society and people
Topical indigenization in the Philippines has
generally taken two forms:
1. call for studies of non-elite or "every-
day" Filipinos and their behaviors
and ideas.
- Ex. garbage scavengers in
slum areas (Gepigon &
Francisco, 1982), studies of
Filipino conceptions of time
(Nicadao-Henson, 1982), old
age (Domingo, 1991)
2. call for research on applied topics
that address societal needs and
problems.
Institutional indigenization:
- The extent to which institutional and
organizational structures and
processes support the creation and
diffusion of indigenous psychological
knowledge
Katutubong Pamamaraan ng
Pananaliksik:
1. Pakapa-kapa:
- an approach of groping (field
method), searching, probing into an
unsystematized mass of social and
cultural data to be able to obtain
order, meaning,and directions for
research.
2. Panunuluyan Approach:
- residing in the research setting, the
researches lives, sleeps and eats
with the host. A form of
pagdalaw-dalaw.
6. Pagpapalayang-loob /
Pakikipagdalawdalaw:
- uri ng relasyon ng mananaliksik
sa respondent. Nagpapahiwatig na
ang isang tao sa panatag sa
kalooban ng kanyang kapwa,
walang pagkahiya, buo na ang
pagtitiwala sa isat-isa.
BADING SI ATE SELLE, GEM, KAYE,
ALOHA, THEA

3. Pagtatanong-tanong:
- a Filipino word for “asking
questions” the repetition
of‘tanong-tanong’ indicates
seriousness of purpose, one is
truly determined to get answers to
one’s questions

4. Pakikipag-kuwentuhan:
- an occasion for exchange of
information, ideas, insights,and
opinions also it is a sharing of
beliefs, thoughts, and experiences.
An informal,free, as well as a social
process of exchanging information,
thoughts, and knowledgethat is part
of human daily activities.

5. Pakikisama:
- originated as a Filipino value, being
united with the group. Frequenting
The participant, inviting them
outside the bar/residence, and
it is better than participant
observation technique