Filipino Psychology

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO – Born out of the thoughts, experiences, and orientation of Filipinos with full
utilization of Filipino culture and language. Anchored on Filipino thoughts using Filipino perspective.

(PSSP, 1976) - Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino by Enriquez

(PPRTH) - Philippine Psychology Research Training House (first name w/out Training)

(IPC) - Institute of Philippine Culture

Elizabeth Pe-pua assigned as Enriquez successor but couldnt manage. Elizabeth Marcelino and Grace
Dalisay took over as well.

GLOBALIZATION AND FILOPSYCH

BRIEF PSYCHOLOGY HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES

1900’s – Psychology started as an academic discipline

Early 1970’s – period marked by high degree of nationalism led by Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini

!!!!!!!FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY STARTED AS A MOVEMENT!!!!!!!

FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY THEMES

-national identity and consciousness

- social awareness and involvement

- bases and application of indigenous psychology

FILPSY PRIMARY AREAS OF PROTEST

- Sikolohiya ng pagbabagong isip (Pscyhology of Reawakening) – against psychology for

colonialization
- Sikolohiyang Malaya (Liberated Psychology)- against importation/imposition of western
psychology
- Sikolohiyang Mapagpalaya (Liberating Psychology)- against psychology for mass exploitation

SIKOFIL PROPONENTS

1. Virgilio Enriquez – Ama ng sikolohiyang Pilipino, UP Diliman Psych prof in 1963, went to the US
In 1966 to study further. Came back to PH in 1970. Research with Lagmay in 1971. Chaired the
first national conference on FilPsy in 1975.
 2. Alfredo Lagmay- UP Psych Dept. chairman for 22 years. National scientist.
3. Zeus Salazar – Historian, anthropologist, scientist. Leading proponent of “Pantayong Pananaw”
and the 4 traditions in Filpsychology.
4. Prospero Covar- anthropologist who proves pagkataong panloob, panlabas at pakikipagkapwa.
5. Sinforoso Padilla – First to reach doctoral level. AB Pscyh in 1924 at Willamette. MA Psych at
Oregon in 1926. PhD in Psych at Michigan in 1928. Return to PH in 1932 to establish psychlab
and clinic at UP then became first president of PAP in 1963.
6. Fr. Angel de Blas- PhD in Philosophy at UST in 1934. Established expepsych lab in UST and was
chariman of psych dept in UST in 1938.
7. Estefania Aldaba Lim – 1948 established PWU program
8. Mariano Obias- First IO psychologist with PhD and caltex philippines personnel dept head
9. Fr. Jaime Bulatao- Established psych in ADMU
10. Jesus Perpinan- Estbalished psych in FEU
11. Elias Bumatay- Established psych in NU

FORMS (ANYO) OF PSYCHOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (Psychology in the Philippines) - series of events in psych in the Phil or developer
of scientific database

Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of the Filipinos) - any theories/knowledge in the Philippines
regardless of the source or facilitate effective psychological practices

Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Pscyhology) - psychology based on Filipino’s true thoughts, feelings and
behaviors derived from indigenous Filipino sources and language.

TWO PROCESSES OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY

1) Indigenization from within or cultural revalidation

2) Indigenization from without or cultural validation

BASIC ELEMENTS OF SIKOFIL ACCORDING TO ENRIQUEZ:

Kamalayan- damdamin at kaalamang nararanasan

Diwa-ugali, kilos, at asal

Ulirat-pakiramdam sa kapaligiran

Isip-kaalaman at pagkakaunawa

Kalooban-damdamin

Kaluluwa-budhi

EARLY PSYCHOLOGY BASIS IN THE PHILIPPINES

  Babaylan in Visayas
 Catalonan in Central Luzon
 Baglan in Northern Philippines

COLONIZATION-POST COLONIZATION

PAGSASAALANG ALANG NG KULTURA SA SP

Cross-Cultural Psychology- abstract, universal, general laws of human functioning

Cultural Psychology- rejects idea that psychological theories are universal

Indigenous Psychology- Integration of context and content of psychological knowledge

Combine these 3 below to come to KULELAT SYNDROME

Marginalization-pagsasawalang bahala

Distortion-pagbaluktot

Alienation- paglayo ng damdamin

KONSEPTO NG ANGAT PATONG!!!!!

-sikolohiyang malayo na hindi angkop o nararapat sa karanasan, kaisipan at oryentasyon ng lokal na

populasyon.

MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF FILOPSYCH AS INDIGENOUS ASIAN PSYCH

1. Philosophical Antecedents- 4 affiliations of Salazar 1985, Academic-Scientific (Western

Tradition), Academic-Philosophical (Western Clerical Traditions, Ethnic Psychology (Katutubong
sikolohiya, psychology of the filipinos, practice of psychology of Filipinos by Salazar), Psycho-
Medical (Religion)
 2. Emphasis- application, national identity, consciousness, awareness, involvement, culture
3. Method- culture-appropriate, multilanguage, triangular method total approach
4. Area of Protest- against colonization, mass exploitation and imposition
5. Position on Pscyhological Practice- Filipino concept in psychological practice like instead of
industrial psych its livelihood psych, instead of clinical psych its health psych
6. Position on Science-Humanism Issue- both science and art, scientific-humanistic approach
7. Position on Mentalism-Behaviorism Issue- KAMALAYAN, ULIRAT. Emphasis on collective
experiences rather than individualistic
8. Position on Analysis-Wholeness Issue-Biased interpretation for wholeness
9. Universality- not anti-universal nor anti-western but is anti-imposition of Western Knowledge

WEIRD PSYCHOLOGY

WESTERN

EDUCATED

INDUSTRIALIZED

RICH

DEMOCRACTIC

Definitions of Indigenous Psychology

Virgilio Enriquez (1975) - Psychology that is anchored on the thought and experience of the indigenous
people, as understood from an indigenous perspective
Hiroshi Azuma (1984) of Japan - Culturally appropriate psychology, or a route to ‘appropriate’ psychology
(Japan’s Hiroshi Azuma, 1984:53).

Uichol Kim (1990) of South Korea - “Psychological knowledge that is native, that is not

transported from another region

Durganand Sinha (1997) of India - Psychology that emerges from cultural tradition lies in the daily,
mundane activities of people; understands and

interprets in terms of indigenous and local frames of reference

Kuo-Shu Yang (2000) of Taiwan - “Various definitions express the same basic goal of developing a
scientific knowledge system that

effectively reflects, describes, explains, or understands the psychological and behavioral activities in their
native contexts in terms of culturally relevant frames of reference and culturally derived categories and
theories

The Definitions' Common Ground

Perspective and Understanding: Indigenous psychology gives priority to how indigenous or local people
see and understand things. It values their unique viewpoints.

Relevance to Culture: It's all about being connected to the culture of the indigenous people. The
psychology is tailored to fit and reflect their way of life and societal reality.

Source of Knowledge: Instead of importing ideas, indigenous psychology believes that concepts and
theories should come from the indigenous culture itself. It's about drawing knowledge from the local
context.

Compatibility: There's a focus on making sure that the researcher's ideas and methods really capture the
natural aspects of what they're studying in its context. It's about ensuring that the study aligns well with
the natural elements of the phenomenon being studied.

Indigenous Psychology

Indigenous Psychology - Refers to psychology that is anchored on the thought and experience of the
indigenous people, as understood from an indigenous perspective.
Psychology of the indigenous people - Refers to any analysis of the psychological behavior of the
indigenous people, whether from an indigenous perspective or not, i.e., whether using indigenous or
nonindigenous theories and methods.

Psychology in the indigenous country or culture - Refers to the development of psychology in a particular
culture or country, embodying both indigenous and nonindigenous perspectives and research.

Indigenization Definition

D. Sinha (1997)- Indigenization is the process of developing IndigenousPsychology (IP).

Adair (2006)- Indigenization is one of the four stages in IP development:importation, implantation,

indigenization, andautochthonization. Autochthonization leads to theemergence of a self-perpetuating
discipline independent of

its imported source.

Pickren (2013)- Indigenization is the process where a local culture develops its own knowledge and
practices by either creating them internally or importing and combining them with local concepts.

ADAIR 2006 – PAGSASAKATUTUBO NG SIKOLOHIYA

Pagaangkat (Importation)

Pagpupunla (Implanting/Implantation)

Pagsasakatutubo (Indigenization)

Pagsasarili (Autochtonization)

Development of Indigenous Concepts and Theories

VALUES=PAGPAPAHALAGA=GUIDE

MODELS OF FILIPINO VALUES

Exogenous/Foreign-formal/legal, from western culture

Indigenous/traditional-nonformal, deeply embedded in Filipino subconscious

REVISITING FILIPINO VALUES

1. CORE VALUE – KAPWA, SHARED IDENTITY

2. PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUES- PAKIRAMDAM/SHARED INNER PERCEPTION
3. LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE- KAGANDAHANG LOOB/SHARED HUMANITY, PAKIKIRAMDAM
4. ACCOMODATIVE SURFACE VALUE- HIYA (Shame by Sibley 1965, uncomfy feeling by Lynch 1961,
Filos overspend in fiestas by Andes 1994, changes meaning based on prefix by Bonifacio 1976)
UTANG NA LOOB (debt of gratitude by Kaut 1967, reciprocity by andres 1994, favor with interest
by hollsteiner 1961) RECIPROCITY, PAKIKISAMA, PAKIKIPAGKAPWA, SMOOTH INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP O SIR, Associated Behavior patterns; BIRO, TAMPO, LAMBING
5. CONFRONTATIVE-BAHALA NA, FATALISTIC PASSIVENESS, LAKAS NG LOOB
6. SOCIETAL VALUES- KATARUNGAN/JUSTICE, KARANGALAN/DIGNITY (Puri is external, dangal is
internal), KALAYAAN/FREEDOM

PAKIKIPAGKAPWA CATEGORIES- IBANG TAO (OTHERS/OUTSIDERS), HINDI IBANG TAO (ONE OF US)

KAPWA = GREAT CULTURAL DIVIDE

LEVELS:

IBANG TAO ‘OUTSIDER’

Pakikitungo (level of amenities/civility)

Pakikisalamuha (level of mixing)

Pakikilahok (level of joining/participating)

Pakikibagay (level of conforming)

Pakikisama (level of adjusting)

HINDI IBANG TAO ‘ONE-OF-US'

Pakikipagpalagayang loob (level of mutual trust/rapport)

Pakikisangkot (level of getting involved)

Pakikiisa (level of fusion/oneness/full trust)

DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

1) Pakapa-kapa
2) Pagtatanong-tanong
3) Pakikipagkwentuhan
4) Ginabayang Talakayan
5) Nakikiugaling Pagmamasid
 6) Pakikisama
7) Pagdalaw-dalaw
8) Panunuluyan

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

 Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
 Pantay ang pagtrato sa kalahok
 Mauuna ang kalagayan ng kalahok bago ang inaasahang kalabasan
 Ayon sa lugar at kultura
 Lenggwahe ng kalahok ang gagamit na lenggwahe sa pananaliksik

Areas of Applications

 Feminist psychology
 Marketing industry
 Leadership

FILIPINO MADE PERSONALITY MEASURES

1. Panukat ng ugali at pagkatao (PUP)- early 1970’s, presented in 1981, 160-item filo test with eng
trans, 5point bipolar scale, measure filipino oriented traits, behavior thoughts etc. From filo
dictionary, 30-45 mins to finish, manual or computerized scoring
2. Panukat ng pagkataong pilipino (PPP) - Annadaisy J. Carlotta, 1978, Porma K (PERSONALITY
DIMENSIONS BY INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, 90 ITEMS), Porma S (PERSONALITY TRAITS, 80
ITEMS), Porma KS (INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY), 13 YEARS AND OLDER
3. Masaklaw na panukat ng loob (MaPa ng loob) - completed May 2013, 188 items personality
test five factor model based,

Kapwa Theory = Kapwa Model; Filipino Social Interaction

1. We became aware that we are interacting with one of us (Hindi ibang tao) and not one of us (ibang
tao)
2. Filipino Values need to be considered (Priori categories: Surface Value, Pivot Value, Core Value,
Foundation of Human Value

Dagdag Bawas – 20% above is the rate of deletion (28/136)

DAGDAG: MAKA-DIYOS (36.8%) AT PAGGALANG (29.4%) (OUT OF 245 VALUES)

BAWAS: BAHALA NA (76.5%), hiya, pakikibaka at utang na loob (didn’t reach the 20%)
TOP FIVE: Kagandahang loob, Kalayaan, Katarungan, Lakas ng Loob, Pakikipagkapwa

Value Endorsement –