Late

 Greek-­‐  
Hellenistic Period of Architecture
Radhika, Sahej and
 Table of Contents

•  The Parthenon
-  History
-  Architecture

•  The Agora at Miletus

•  Delphi ( Entire )

•  The Orders of Greek Architecture

-  Doric
-  Ionic
-  Corinthian

•  The Important Buildings of the various Orders

 The Parthenon is a former temple on
the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to
the goddess Athena, whom the people
of Athens considered their patron. It was built between
447 and 432 BC.
It is the most important surviving building of Classical
Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric
order.

The Parthenon, said the 19th-century French engineer

The Parthenon would become the largest Doric Greek
Auguste Choisy, represents "the supreme effort of temple, although it was innovative in that it mixed the two
genius in pursuit of beauty. architectural styles of Doric and the newer Ionic.

-  The current Parthenon was built on top of an existing temple

referred to as the ‘ Older Parthenon ‘ after it was razed by
Persians.

-  It’s massive foundations were made of limestone, and the

columns were made of Pentelic marble, a material that was
utilized for the first time.

-  The temple is in alignment with the Hyades star cluster

-  It features a column plan of 8 x 17

Sophisticated architectural techniques were used to
combat the problem that anything on that scale of size
when perfectly straight seems from a distance to be
curved. To give the illusion of true straight lines, the
columns lean ever so slightly inwards, a feature which
also gives a lifting effect to the building making it appear
lighter than its construction material would suggest. Also,
the stylobate or floor of the temple is not exactly flat but
rises slightly in the centre. The columns also have entasis,
that is, a slight fattening in their middle, and the four
corner columns are imperceptibly fatter than the other
columns. The combination of these refinements makes the
temple seem perfectly straight, symmetrically in harmony,
and gives the entire building a certain vibrancy.
 Parthenon  at  present    

An  ar1s1c  crea1on  of  

how  it  probably  
appeared  in  ancient  
1mes  
 What is an Agora ?
The word Agora is an open place but often tented,
marketplace of a city and the designated assembly place
in the city where free-born citizens could gather to hear
civic announcements, muster for military campaigns or
discuss politics in the history of Greece,
The most famous example of an Agora was of the one
of Athens.

Miletus was one of the most important

city of Ionia and is located in present day North Agora
Turkey
Miletus consisted of three agorae The North Agora became was main agora of Miletus dating
back to the 5th century BC. This building complex was
-  North Agora situated south of the Harbour of Lions.
-  South Agora To the east, the North Agora was blocked by a wall, which
-  West Agora had a propylon in the centre, while on the west side there
was a peristyle area surrounded with shops. The Prytaneion
 
was in the southwestern part of the North Agora. It was a
particularly important public building in ancient Greek cities,
where the prytaneis convened and official visitors and
honours of guest were accommodated.
 West  Agore  
Built in the 2nd century BC, the West Agora was the
latest of the three agorae of Miletus.
The 191 x 79 meter - area consisted of a huge,
rectangular, open-air space surrounded on three sides
by a stoa with an Ionic colonnade. The entrance to the
open-air area of the Agora was on the east side,
accessible through a propylon on the main axis of the
edifice.
The propylon was erected on a simple crepis, and
consisted of two Ionic columns on the east side and
four on the west one, towards the interior of the open-
air area of the Agora.
Plan of West Agora

The remains of the South Agora dating from the 3rd

century BC are to the south of the North Agora and
is one of the largest agoras of ancient Greek cities
excavated so far.
The north, south and west sides of the South Agora
were surrounded by two two-aisled stoas.
 DELPHI  
The site of Delphi is located in upper central
Greece, on multiple terraces along the slope of
Mount Parnassus, and includes the Sanctuary of
Apollo, the site of the ancient Oracle

After the Acropolis, Delphi is the most popular

archaeological site in Greece. Located 180
Athenian Treasury
kilometers from Athens.
 Site plan of the Temple of Apollo

The center of Delphi is the sanctuary of Apollo, on the

southern tip of the mountain slope. The Doric temple was
the home of the Pythia, who seated on a tripod above a
deep crevasse, would pronounce her prophesies while the
priests wrote them down and translated them to the
 The theater was also built in the 4th century and further
above is the large stadium which was famous for its
chariot races, renovated by Herod Atticus and considered
the best preserved in all of Greece.

Temple of Pronoia Athena, also

known as Marmaria, or the
marbles supposedly because
of the abundance of ancient
stones laying nearby. The
Tholos is probably the most
widely recognized building on
the site because of the color of
the marble and the fact that it is
a round temple, not all that
common in Greece. Strangely
enough what the temple was
used for and who it
commemorates is not known.
The Orders of Architecture
In classic architecture the term ‘ order ‘ is employed to distinguish
the varieties of columns and entablature which were employed by
the Greeks in their temples and public buildings. There are three
distinct orders which are explained below :

Doric
•  Doric columns are the heaviest in appearance
•  The capital is plain
•  Shaft is thick, though it loses some of its mass over time
•  No base is present

Ionic
•  Have greater elegance
•  Capital has distinctive volutes
•  Shaft is thinner than it’s Doric equivalent
•  Base is apparent

Corinthian
•  It’s a tall, elegant form
•  Capital has distinctive acanthus leaf decoration
•  Base is also employed
Important buildings of the Orders from around the World
   
  Maison Carrée
University of Oslo in Paris

Ionic Order

Castle Coole located in United Kingdom

Corinthian Order

Forum of Augustus in Rome

 ABSTRACTION  OF  DORIC  COLUMN    
         STRUCTURE  OF  GREEK  ORDER    
-­‐  RADHIKA  FATEHPURIA  
 OLD  V/S  NEW  
PARTHENON  TEMPLE    ATHENS,  GREECE  

2006  

447  BC.  

MUSEUM  OF  MODERN  LITERATURE,  MARBACH  

 SIMILARITIES  

§   The  oldest,  simplest,  and  most  massive  of  the  three  Greek  orders  is  the  Doric  ,  which  was  applied  to  temples  
beginning  in  the  7th  century  B.C.  
§   The  Museum  of  modern  literature,  Marbach  has  the  similar  colonnade  just  like  the  Parthenon  temple,  Greece.  
§   The  plans  of  both  the  structures  have  a  rectangular  outline  with  columns  made  on  the  boundary.  
§   Just  like  Parthenon  temple  it  has  also  got  the  opening  from  all  the  sides.  
§   The  concept  of  taking  a  modern  structure  here  comparing  it  with  an  old  structure  is  to  show  that  we  have  not            
completely  moved  away  from  the  ancient  architecture.  The  typology  is  s1ll  followed  in  the  present  era.  
§   Even  aYer  billion  years  we  can  see  the  same  prac1ce  followed  in  the  beau1ful  structures  of  the  modern  age.  
 
 PLANS  
 
PARTHENON  TEMPLE  ATHENS,  GREECE  

MUSEUM  OF  MODERN  LITERATURE,  MARBACH  

ABSTRACTION  OF  THE  PARHENON  TEMPLE  
ABSTRACTION    OF  TEMPLE  HEPHAESTUS    

-­‐HIMANSHU  KHANNA  
Modern  Building  –  Harding  Memorial  at  Ohio  
Original  Building  -­‐    Temple  of  Hephaestus,  Athens  
 

Original  Plan  
ABSTRACTED  PLAN  
ABSTRACTION    
-­‐SAHEJ  BAKSHI  
Lincoln  Memorial   Tholos  at  Delphi  
Date  of  Comple<on  –  1914–1922  AD   Date  of  Comple<on  –  380-­‐360  BC  
Use  –  Memorial   Use  –  Not  Known  Till  Date  
Loca<on-­‐Washington,  D.C   Loca<on  –  Delphi  Greece  

                               Constructed  On  a  Rectangular  grid                                                                                                                          Constructed  On  a  Circular  grid                                                                    

                                   column  on  exterior  and  interior                                                                                                                                column  on  exterior  and  interior  
                                                                 Height  30M  Tall                                                                                                                                                                                            Height  13.5M  
 
By  Sahej  
By  Sahej  
THANK  YOU