ABRA VALLEY COLLEGES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1

RSW

10 STRUCTURES FORM A WORLD FAMOUS GROUP

STUDENT: REYNOLD T. PACURZA

INSTRUCTOR: MS. KHATE VALDEZ

Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis

The monumental gateway to the Acropolis, the Propylaea, was one

of several public works commissioned by the Athenian leader Pericles in
order to rebuild the Acropolis at the conclusion of the Persian Wars. Pericles
appointed his friend Phidias as the supervisor and lead architect of this
massive project, which Pericles allegedly financed with funds appropriated
from the treasury of the Delian League. According to Plutarch, the Propylaea
was designed by the architect Mnesicles, about whom nothing else is
known.Construction began in 437 BC and was terminated in 432, when the
building was still unfinished.

Pinacotheca

A pinacotheca was a picture gallery in either ancient Greece or

ancient Rome. The name is specifically used for the building containing
pictures which formed the left wing of the Propylaea on the Acropolis at
Athens, Greece. The Pinacotheca was located right by the temple of Athena
Nike. Though Pausanias speaks of the pictures "which time had not effaced,"
which seems to point to fresco painting[citation needed], the fact that there
is no trace of preparation for stucco on the walls shows that the paintings
were easel pictures.

The Athena Promachos

A colossal bronze statue of Athena sculpted by Pheidias, which stood

between the Propylaea[1] and the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens. Athena
was the tutelary deity of Athens and the goddess of wisdom and warriors. Pheidias
also sculpted two other figures of Athena on the Acropolis, the huge gold and ivory
("chryselephantine") cult image of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon and the
Lemnian Athena.

Erechtheion

The temple as seen today was built between 421 and 406 BC. Its
architect may have been Mnesicles, and it derived its name from a shrine
dedicated to the legendary Greek hero Erichthonius. The sculptor and
mason of the structure was Phidias, who was employed by Pericles to build
both the Erechtheum and the Parthenon. Erechtheus was mentioned in
Homer's Iliad as a great king and ruler of Athens during the Archaic Period,
and Erechtheus and the hero Erichthonius were often syncretized. It is
believed to have been a replacement for the Peisistratid temple of Athena Polias destroyed by the Persians in
480 BC

The Parthenon

Is a former temple, on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece,

dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens
considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the
Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438
BC although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the
most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally
considered the zenith of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are
considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is
regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian
democracy and Western civilization, and one of the world's greatest
cultural monuments.

The Temple of Athena Nike

A temple on the Acropolis of Athens, dedicated to the

goddess Athena Nike. Built around 420 BC, the temple is the earliest
fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis. It has a prominent position on a
steep bastion at the south west corner of the Acropolis to the right
of the entrance, the Propylaea. In contrast to the Acropolis proper,
a walled sanctuary entered through the Propylaea, the Victory
Sanctuary was open, entered from the Propylaea's southwest wing
and from a narrow stair on the north. The sheer walls of its bastion
were protected on the north, west, and south by the Nike Parapet,
named for its frieze of Nikai celebrating victory and sacrificing to
their patroness, Athena Nike.

The Old Temple of Athena

was an Archaic temple located on the Acropolis of Athens between

the old Parthenon and Erechtheion, built around 525-500 BC. Until
its destruction by the Persians in 480 BC, it was the shrine of Athena
Polias, the patron deity of the city of Athens. It was located at the
center of the Acropolis plateau, probably on the remains of a
Mycenaean palace. The complex is sometimes described by the
name "Dörpfeld foundations", after the archaeologist who found the location of the temple. It was referred to
as "Archaios Neos" (Old temple) by the Greeks.

The Stoa of Eumenes

Is a stoa on the acropolis of Athens, sited between the Odeion of

Herodes Atticus and the Theater of Dionysos. It was built against the slope of
the hill (meaning it needed a retaining wall supported by piers and round
arches. It is named after its builder, Eumenes II of Pergamum (whose brother
Attalus II of Pergamum built the Stoa of Attalus in Athens's agora, probably
commissioning it from the same architect). It was two-storied, 46m longer
than the Stoa of Attalus and unlike it had no rooms behind its two-aisle hall,
meaning it was designed for promenading rather than business. Originally
marble-faced, its arcades were built into the 1060 Byzantine defensive wall
and are still visible. It had Doric columns externally, Ionic columns on the
ground-floor interior and Pergemene-type capitals on the top floor interior. In
front of the Stoa are the foundations of the 320BC Monument of Nikias.

The Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus

Is a major theatre in Athens, considered to be the world's

first theatre, built at the foot of the Athenian Acropolis. Dedicated
to Dionysus, the god of plays and wine (among other things), the
theatre could seat as many as 17,000 people with excellent
acoustics,[1] making it an ideal location for ancient Athens' biggest
theatrical celebration, the Dionysia. It was the first theatre ever
built, cut into the southern cliff face of the Acropolis, and
supposedly birthplace of Greek tragedy. The remains of a restored
and redesigned Roman version can still be seen at the site today. It
is sometimes confused with the later, smaller, and better-preserved
Odeon of Herodes Atticus, located nearby on the southwest slope of
the Acropolis.

Odeon of Herodes Atticus

It was built in 161 AD by the Athenian magnate Herodes

Atticus in memory of his wife, Aspasia Annia Regilla. It was originally
a steep-sloped theater with a three-story stone front wall and a
wooden roof made of expensive cedar of Lebanon timber. It was
used as a venue for music concerts with a capacity of 5,000. It lasted
intact until it was destroyed and left in ruins by the Heruli in 267 AD.