131419736.H Decimals

Decimals H
SERIES
Decimals
Curriculum Ready
ACMNA: 103, 128, 129, 130, 152, 154, 156
www.mathletics.com
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ISBN 978-1-921861-36-9
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Decimals allow us to be more accurate with our calculations and measurements.
Because most of us have ten fingers, it is thought that this is the reason the decimal system
is based around the number 10!
So we can think of decimals as being fractions with powers of 10 in the denominator.
Write in this space EVERYTHING you already know about decimals.
is a go!
Give th
Q make dark-green coloured paint, you can mix yellow and blue together, using exactly 0.5 (half) as much
To
yellow as you do blue.
How much dark-green paint will you make if you use all of the 12.5 mL of blue paint you have?
Work through the book for a great way to do this
Decimals H 6 1
Mathletics © 3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
How does it work? Decimals
Place value of decimals
Decimals represent parts of a whole number or object.
s
th
nd
nd s ds
illi th s
Te nth usa
Hu and san
M red dth
s
th
Hu ou s
o
ou ou
nd san
th th
ou ths
on
s
Te sand
Th f th
ns s
•
Te red
Th red
illi
Hu s
o
M
s
o
h
nd
es
ns
nt
n
On
Te
Te
W H O L E D E C I M A L
10 000
1000
100
10
1
' 10
' 100
' 1000
' 10 000
' 100 000
' 1 000 000
' 10 000 000
#
#
Decimal point
#
#
#
1st decimal place: ' 10 = 1 = one tenth #

10
2nd decimal place: ' 10 = # 1 = one hundredth Add ‘th’ to the
100
name for decimal
3rd decimal place: ' 10 = # 1 = one thousandth place values
1000
4th decimal place: ' 10 = # 1 = one ten thousandth etc...
10 000
Write the place value of each digit in the number 465.2703
Multiply by multiples of 10 Divide by multiples of 10
Expanded forms Place values

4......4 # 100 = 400 = 4 hundred
6......6 # 10 = 60 = 6 tens (or sixty) Integer parts
5......5 # 1 = 5 = 5 ones (or five)
2......2 ' 10 òr 2 # 1 j = 2 = 2 tenths 1st decimal place

10 10
7......7 ' 100 òr 7 # 1 j = 7 = 7 hundredths 2nd decimal place
100 100
0......0 ' 1000 òr 0 # 1 j = 0 = 0 thousandths 3rd decimal place
1000 1000
3......3 ' 10 000 òr 3 # 1 j = 3 = 3 ten thousandths 4th decimal place
10 000 10 000
2 H 6 Decimals
SERIES TOPIC Mathletics © 3P Learning Ltd
How does it work? Your Turn Decimals

1 Write the decimal that represents these:
a 2 hundredths b 9 tenths c 1 ten thousandth
0.02
Always put a zero in front
(called a leading zero) when
there are no whole numbers
d 3 thousandths e 6 hundred thousandths f 8 millionths
2 Write the fraction that represents these:

a 3 tenths b 7 thousandths c 1 hundredth
d 9 ten thousandths e 51 hundredths f 11 ten thousandths
3 Write the place value of the digit written in square brackets for each of these decimals:
a 63 @ 1.325 b 61 @ 0.231 c 64 @ 15.046
d 65 @ 0.05043 e 66 @ 0.79264 f 60 @ 8.56309
4 Circle the digit found in the place value given in square brackets:
a [tenths] b [thousandths] c [hundred thousandths]
8.171615 4.321230 100.1001001
d [hundredths] e [ten thousandths] f [millionths]
9.12421 16.123210 3.120619
Decimals H 6 3

Each digit is multiplied by the place value and then added together when writing a number in expanded form.
Write the decimal 23.401 in expanded form
23.401 = 2 # 10 + 3 # 1 + 4 # 1 + 0 # 1 + 1 # 1 Multiply each digit by its place value

10 100 1000
= 2 # 10 + 3 # 1 + 4 # 1 + 1 # 1 Zero digits can be removed to simplify
10 1000
5 Write these decimals in expanded form:
a 4.19 =
b 29.281 =
c 40.2685 =
d 3.74932 =
e 0.2306 =
VALUE
ACE
f 0.0085 =
PL O
F
Simplify these numbers written in expanded form:
DECI ALS
DECI ALS
6
..../.
M
1 # 1+ 4 # 1 + 6 # 1 =
..../2 M
a
0...
10 100
PL
F
ACE O
b 4 # 10 + 9 # 1 + 0 # 1 + 7 # 1 = VALUE
10 100
c 5 # 100 + 2 # 10 + 0 # 1 + 2 # 1 + 1 # 1 + 8 # 1 =
10 100 1000
d 6 # 1+ 8 # 1 + 5 # 1 + 0 # 1 + 2 # 1 + 9 # 1 =
10 100 1000 10 000 100 000
Psst: Remember to include a leading zero for these ones.
e 2# 1 +0# 1 +3# 1 =
10 100 1000
f 6# 1 +7# 1 +0# 1 + 1# 1 =
100 1000 10 000 100 000
g 3# 1 + 4 # 1 +1# 1 + 0 # 1 + 8 # 1 =
10 100 1000 10 000 100 000
4 H 6 Decimals
Approximations through rounding numbers
Look at these two statements made about a team of snowboarders:

• They have attempted 4937 tricks since starting = Accurate statement
• They have attempted nearly 5000 tricks since starting = Rounded off approximation
Rounding off values is used when a great deal of accuracy is not needed.
The next digit following the place value where a number is being rounded off to is the important part.
Next digit
Closer to lower value, so round down Closer to higher value, so round up

Leave the place value unchanged Add 1 to the place value
Here are some examples to see how we round off numbers.
Round these numbers
(i) 2462 to the nearest hundred 2 4 6 2 The digit ‘4’ is in the hundreds position
2 4 6 2 The next digit is a 6, so round up by adding 1 to 4
2 5 0 0 Change the other smaller place value digits to 0’s
` 2462 . 2500 rounded to the nearest hundred
(ii) 0.3145 to one decimal place (or to the nearest tenth)

0 . 3 1 4 5 The digit ‘3’ is in the first decimal place
0 . 3 1 4 5 The next digit is a 1, so round down
0 . 3 Write decimal with one decimal place only
` 0.3145 . 0.3 rounded to one decimal place
(iii) 26.35819 to four decimal places (or to the nearest ten thousandth)
2 6 . 3 5 8 1 9 The digit ‘1’ is in the fourth decimal place
2 6 . 3 5 8 1 9 The next digit is a 9, so round up by adding 1 to 1
2 6 . 3 5 8 2 Write decimal with four decimal places only
` 26.35819 . 26.3582 rounded to four decimal places
Decimals H 6 5
RS
. APPROXIMAT
5
44 0...
NUMBE
IO T
../2
./...
N
HR
OUG34 ...
G
1 Round these whole numbers to the place value given in square brackets. H ROUNDIN
a [nearest ten] b [nearest hundred] c [nearest thousand]
(i) 536 . (i) 14 302 . (i) 98 542 .
(ii) 8514 . (ii) 4764 . (ii) 18 401 .
(iii) 93025 . (iii) 80 048 . (iii) 120 510 .
2 Round these decimals to the decimal places given in the square brackets.
a [nearest tenth] b [nearest hundredth] c [nearest thousandth]
(i) 0.73 . (i) 2.406 . (i) 10.4762 .
(ii) 3.47 . (ii) 0.007 . (ii) 0.3856 .
(iii) 11.85 . (iii) 1.003 . (iii) 0.048640 .
3 Approximate the following distance measurements:

a A group of people form an 8.82 m long line when they stand together.
(i) How long is this line to the nearest 10 cm (i.e. 1 decimal place)? .
(ii) What is the approximate length of this line to the nearest 10 metres? .
b Under a microscope the length of a dust mite was 0.000194 m

(i) Approximate the length of this dust mite to the nearest ten thousandth .
of a metre.
(ii) Approximate the length of this dust mite to the nearest hundredth of a metre. .
c If Lichen City is 3 458 532 m away from Moss City:

(i) What is this distance approximated to the nearest km? .
(i.e. nearest thousand)
(ii) What is the approximate distance between the cities to the nearest 100 km? .
(iii) Are the digits 2, 3 or even 5 important to include when describing the total
distance between the two cities? Briefly explain here why/why not.
6 H 6 Decimals
Rounding up can affect more than one digit when the number 9 is involved.
Round 0.95 to one decimal place 0 . 9 5 The digit ‘9’ is in the tenths position
0 . 9 5 The next digit is a 5, so round up by adding 1 to 9

9 rounds up to 10, so
the 9 becomes 0 and 1 1 . 0 Change the other smaller place value digits to 0s
is added to the digit in front.
` 0.95 . 1.0 rounded to one decimal place
4 Round off these numbers according to the square brackets.

a [one decimal place] b [nearest ten] c [two decimal places]
1.98 . 398 . 11.899 .
d [nearest ones] e [three decimal places] f [three decimal places]

79.9 . 0.1398 . 2.1995 .
g [nearest thousand] h [nearest ones] i [four decimal places]

49798 . 199.9 . 9.89999 .
5 Approximate these values:
a A call centre receives an average of 2495.9 calls each day during one month.
(i) Approximate the number of calls received to the nearest hundreds. .
(ii) Approximately how many thousands of calls did they receive? .

(iii) Estimate the number of calls received daily throughout the month. .
b A swimming pool had a slow leak, causing it to empty 9599.5896 L in one week.
(i) How much water was lost to the nearest 10 litres? .
(ii) How much water was lost to the nearest mL if 1mL = 1 L? .

1000
(iii) Is the digit 6 important when approximating to the nearest whole litre?
Briefly explain here why/why not.
Decimals H 6 7
Decimals on the number line
The smallest place value in a decimal is used to position points accurately on a number line.
• Decimals are based on the number 10, so there are always ten divisions between values
Eg: Here is the value 3.6 on a number line:
6
Six tenths of
the way from
3.0 3.6 4.0 3.0 to 4.0
• The major intervals on the number line are marked according to the second last decimal place value
1.240 1.248 1.250
So its eight thousandths of

the way from 1.240 to 1.250
Here are some more examples involving number lines:
(i) What value do the plotted points represent on the number lines below?
4
a)
0.1 0.2
Point is four steps from 0.1 towards 0.2, so the plotted point is: 0.14
9
b)
10.06 10.07
Point is nine steps from 10.06 towards 10.07, so the plotted point is: 10.069
(ii) Round the value of the plotted points below to the nearest hundredth.
3
a)
2.14 2.15
Point is three steps from 2.14 towards 2.15, so the plotted point is 2.143
` the value of the plotted point to the nearest hundredth is: 2.14
5
b)
8.79 8.80
Point is five steps from 8.79 towards 8.80, so the plotted point is 8.795
` the value of the plotted point to the nearest hundredth is: 8.80
8 H 6 Decimals
ON THE NUMB
LS 4 E
R
IM
LIN
DEC
20 ...
E
./. .../
DEC
....
LIN
1 Display these decimals on the number lines below:
IM
LS
R
E
A
ON THE NUMB
a 0.7 b 2.1
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
c 0.13 d 9.15
0.1 0.2 9.1 9.2
e 2.34 f 5.212
2.3 2.4 5.21 5.22
2 Label these number lines and then display the given decimal on them:
a 1.6 b 4.2
c 0.94 d 7.07
e 2.053 f 9.538
3 Round the value of the plotted points below to the nearest place value given in square brackets.
a [tenth] b [hundredth]
0.2 0.3 1.03 1.04
` the value . ` the value .

c [tenth] d [hundredth]
0.8 0.9 0.08 0.09

e [thousandth] f [thousandth]
1.994 1.995 8.103 8.104

g [thousandth] h [thousandth]
2.902 2.903 0.989 0.990
Decimals H 6 9
Multiplying and dividing by powers of ten
Move the decimal point depending on the number of zeros
= decimal point moves right , = decimal point moves left
Calculate these multiplication and division questions involving powers of 10:
(i) 5 # 1000
5 # 1000 = 5.0 # 1000 The whole number in decimal form
1 2 3
= 5.0 .
We can simply add the same
number of zeros to the end
of the whole number = 5 000 Fill the empty bounces with 0s
If the decimal point is on the left after dividing, an extra 0 is placed in front.
(ii) 8 ' 100
8 ' 100 = 8.0 ' 100 The whole number in decimal form
21
Remember to include '100 has 2 zeros, so move decimal point 2 spaces left
the leading zero  = . 8.0
= 0.08 Fill the empty bounces with 0s and put a zero in front
(iii) 1.25893 # 10 000

1234
1.25893 # 10 000 = 1 . 2 5 8 9 . 3 Move decimal point 4 spaces right
= 12 5 8 9 . 3 No empty bounces to fill, so this is the answer
(iv) 24.905 ' 100 000

54321
24.905 ' 100 000 = . 2 4 . 905 Move decimal point 5 spaces left
= 0.00024905 Fill empty bounces with 0s and put a zero in front
(v) 260.15 # 1
1000
260.15 # 1 = 260.15 ' 1000 #
1 is the same as ' 1000
1000 1000
3 2 1
= . 2 6 0 . 15 Move decimal point 3 spaces left
= 0.2 6 015 Place a leading zero in front of the decimal point
10 H 6 Decimals

1 Calculate these multiplications. Remember, multiply means move decimal point to the right:
a 8 # 100 b 3.4 # 10 c 29 # 1000
d 12.45 # 10 000 e 0.512 # 100 f 0.0000469 # 1000 000
2 Calculate these divisions. Remember, divide means move decimal point to the left:
a 2 ' 100 b 4590 ' 1000 c 0.014 ' 10
d 70.80 ' 10 000 e 1367.512 ' 1000 f 421 900 ' 100 000 000
Here are some of the powers of 10 in index form. The power = the number of zeros.
101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000

104 = 10 000 105 = 100 000 106 = 1000 000
3 Calculate these mixed problems written in index form:
a 31 # 102 b 2400 ' 105 c 0.0027 # 106
d 90.008 # 104 e 3.45 ' 103 f 2159 951 ' 107
Decimals H 6 11
IPLYING A
LT
MU
ND
DIVIDIN
20...
TEN
..../
4 For these calculations:
..../.
OF
(i) Show where our character needs to spray paint a new decimal point, and BY
G
S
POWER
(ii) write down the two numbers the new decimal point is between to solve the puzzle
a 2830.3920 # 100 2 8 3 0 3 9 2 0 I 9 and 2
b 23 857 ' 1000 2 3 8 5 7 N
c 0.4763892 # 105 0 4 7 6 3 8 9 2 A
d 382 961 ' 10 000 3 8 2 9 6 2 O
e 19 238.07 # 101 1 9 2 3 8 0 7 X
f 8.9236701 # 10 000 8 9 2 3 6 7 0 1 T
g 20 917 983 # 1 2 0 9 1 7 9 8 3 R
1000 000
h 83 917 ' 105 8 3 9 1 7 I
i 902 873.021 # 1 2 9 0 2 8 7 3 2 0 1 D
10
j 0.08390 # 103 0 0 8 3 9 0 P
This is another mathematical name for a decimal point:
0 and 9 8 and 9 8 and 7 9 and 2 0 and 7 3 and 9 8 and 2 0 and 8 3 and 8 6 and 7
12 H 6 Decimals
Terminating decimals to fractions

These have decimal parts which stop (or terminate) at a particular place value.
The place value of the last digit on the right helps us to write it as a fraction.
Decimal Fraction
Decimal digits in the numerator
Write 0.3 as a fraction: 0.3 = 3
10
Last digit is in tenths position
Integers in front of the decimal values are simply written in front of the fraction.
Decimal digits in the numerator

Write 1.07 as a fraction: 1. 0 7 = 1 7
100
Last digit is in hundredths position
07 is just 7
Always simplify the fraction parts if possible. These two examples show you how.
Write each of these decimals as an equivalent (equal) fraction in simplest form
(i) 0.25
0.25 = 25 Equivalent, un-simplified fraction
100
Last digit is in hundredths position

= 25 ' 25 Divide numerator and denominator by HCF
100 ' 25
= 1 Equivalent fraction in simplest form

4
(ii) 2.105
2 . 10 5 = 2 105 Equivalent, un-simplified mixed numeral

1000
Last digit is in thousandths position

= 2 105 ' 5 Divide numerator and denominator by HCF
1000 ' 5
= 2 21 Equivalent mixed numeral in simplest form

200
Decimals H 6 13
1 Write each of these decimals as equivalent fractions:
a 0.1 = b 0.7 = c 0.09 = d 0.03 =
e 0.001 = f 0.007 = g 0.013 = h 0.049 =
i 0.129 = j 0.081 = k 0.1007 = l 0.0601 =
2 Write each of these decimals as equivalent fractions and then simplify:
a 0.5 = = b 0.6 = = c 0.02 = =
Simplest form Simplest form Simplest form
d 0.08 = = e 0.004 = = f 0.005 = =
g 0.12 = = h 0.25 = = i 0.022 = =
j 0.045 = = k 0.0028 = = l 0.0605 = =
14 H 6 Decimals
Where does it work? Your Turn Decimals
TING D
INA E
RM
CIMALS
* TE
/... 2
0...
.5 =
../2
NS
TO
0
Write each of these decimals as equivalent mixed numerals:
....
3 FRACTIO
a 2.3 = b 1.1 = c 3.07 =
d 1.03 = e 4.001 = f 2.009 =
4 Write each of these decimals as equivalent mixed numerals and then simplify:
a 2.8 = b 1.4 = c 4.06 =
= = =
d 3.05 = e 2.75 = f 5.005 =
= = =
g 1.004 = h 2.025 = i 3.144 =
= = =
Decimals H 6 15
Fractions to terminating decimals
Where possible, just write as an equivalent fraction with a power of 10 in the denominator first.
numerator
denominator
3 = 3#2 Multiply numerator and denominator by the same value

5 5#2
= 6 Equivalent fraction with a power of 10 in the denominator
10
` = 0.6
Three fifths = six tenths = zero point six
Sometimes it is easier to first simplify the fraction before changing to a decimal.
Write these as an equivalent decimal
(i) 3
12
3 '3 = 1 Simplify fraction
12 ' 3 4
1 = 1 # 25
4 4 # 25

100
` = 0.25
Three twelfths = one quarter = twenty five hundredths = zero point two five
(ii) 2 3
15
2 3 '3 = 2 1 Simplify fraction part
15 ' 3 5
21#2 = 2 2
5#2 10
= 2.2 Equivalent fraction with a power of 10 in the denominator
Two and three fifteenths = two and one fifth = two and two tenths = two point two
16 H 6 Decimals
include a
leading zero
1 Write each of these fractions as equivalent decimals.
a 9 = b 3 = c 11 = d 7 =
10 100 100 1000
2 Write each of these as equivalent fractions with a power of 10 in the denominator.
a 1 = b 2 = c 3 = d 9 =
2 5 4 20
e 8 = f 3 = g 11 = h 2 =
25 250 200 125
i 14 = j 3 1 = k 6 7 =
5 25 20
3 (i) Write each of these as equivalent fractions with a power of 10 in the denominator.
(ii) Change to equivalent decimals.
a
1 = b 1 = c 11 =
5 4 25
= = =
d
4 = e 1 = f
6 =
25 200 125
= = =
g 2 9 = h 1 1 = i 8 7 =
25 200 50
= = =
Decimals H 6 17
4 Change each of these fractions to equivalent decimals after first simplifying. Show all your working.
a 12 b 20
20 25
CTIONS T
RA
1 =0 5 .
O
F
TERMINAT
2 ../...../20...
18 22 ..
LS
c d IN
24 40 G DECIMA
e 9 12
75 f 3 40
36 12
g 1 600 h 2 150

18 H 6 Decimals
When changing the denominator to a power of 10 is not easy, you can write the numerator as a decimal
and then divide it by the denominator.
Write this fraction as an equivalent decimal
5 = 5.000 ' 8 Write numerator as a decimal and divide by the denominator

8
= 8g 5 . 0 0 0
= 8 g 5 . 50 2 0 4 0
If you need more 0. 6 2 5
decimal place 0s, you Complete division, keeping the decimal point in the same place
can add them in later!
`= 0. 6 2 5
Five eighths = zero point six two five
5 Complete these divisions to find the equivalent decimal:
a
2 = 2.000 ' 5 b
1 = 1.000 ' 4 c
3 = 3.000 ' 8
5 4 8
= 5g 2 . 0 0 0 = 4g1 . 0 0 0 = 8g 3 . 0 0 0
= = =
d
8 = 8.000 ' 5 e 11 = 11.000 ' 8 f
27 = 27.000 ' 4
5 8 4
= 5g 8 . 0 0 0 = 8g1 1 . 0 0 0 = 4g 2 7 . 0 0 0
= = =
Decimals H 6 19
6 S implify these fractions and then write as an equivalent decimal using the division method.
Show all your working.
a 12 b 9
15 12
c 49 d 18
56 8
e 81 f 26
24 16
20 H 6 Decimals
Where does it work? Decimals
Adding and subtracting decimals
Just add or subtract the digits in the same place value.

To do this, line up the decimal points and matching place values vertically first.
• Add 2.45 to 6.31 (i.e. 2.45 + 6.31)

2 . 4 5 + Decimal points lined up vertically
6 . 3 1
8 . 7 6 Add matching place values together
• Subtract 5.18 from 11.89 (i.e. 11.89 - 5.18)

1 1 . 8 9 - Decimal points lined up vertically
5 . 1 8
6 . 7 1 Subtract matching place values
Calculate each of these further additions and subtractions
(i) 24.105 + 11.06 + 6.5902

2 4 . 1 0 5 + Decimal points lined up vertically
1 1 . 0 6
1
6 . 51 9 0 2
4 1 . 7 5 5 2 Add matching place values together
Any place value spaces
are treated as 0s
` 24.105 + 11.06 + 6.5902 = 41.7552
Rounding decimal values before adding is sometimes used to quickly approximate the size of the answer.
(ii) Round each value in question (i) to the nearest whole number before adding.
` 24.105 + 11.06 + 6.5902 . 24 + 11 + 7 Values rounded to nearest ones
. 42 Approximate value for addition
ounding values before adding/subtracting is not as accurate as rounding after adding/subtracting.

Note: R
(iii) 80.09 - 72.6081

8 10 . 10 9 10 10 - Decimal points lined up vertically
71 21 . 6 01 81 1 Subtract matching place values
7 . 4 8 1 9
Fill place value spaces
in the top number with ` 80.09 - 72.6081 = 7.4819
a ‘0’ when subtracting
Decimals H 6 21

1 Complete these additions and subtractions:
a 0 . 1 4 + b 1 . 6 8 + c 0 . 2 4 6 + d 1 2 . 1 9 4 +
0 . 7 3 5 . 3 0 0 . 8 3 2 9 . 0 5 7
e 0 . 9 9 - f 5 . 0 7 4 - g 5 . 2 4 - h 2 4 . 1 5 8 -
0 . 2 6 1 . 0 6 4 0 . 8 3 1 3 . 6 9 4
G AND SU
IN
+ - ADD
BT
2 Calculate these additions and subtractions, showing all working:
RACTING
0...
.
a Add 8.75 to 1.24 b Subtract 3.15 from 4.79
.. .. ./2
/
....
DE
-
CIMALS +
c Add 0.936 to 0.865 d Add 2.19, 5.6 and 0.13
e Subtract 0.9356 from 8.6012 f Add 10.206, 4.64 and 8.0159
22 H 6 Decimals

3 a Approximate these calculations by rounding each value to the nearest whole number first.
(i) 5.7 + 6.2 . + (ii) 0.9 + 9.4 . +
. .
(iii) 8.3 - 1.9 . - (iv) 11.3 - 0.2 . -
. .
(v) 8.34 + 1.61 + 0.54 . + + (vi) 2.71 + 3.80 + 1.92 . + +
. .
b Calculate parts (v) and (vi) again, this time rounding after adding the numbers to get a more
accurate approximate value.
(i) 8.34 + 1.61 + 0.54 (ii) 2.71 + 3.80 + 1.92
4 Calculate these subtractions, showing all your working:
a 7.8 - 2.56 b 13.09 - 8.4621 c 0.52 - 0.12532
Decimals H 6 23
Multiplying with decimals
Just write the terms as whole numbers and multiply. Put the decimal point back in when finished.
The number of decimal places in the answer = the number of decimal places in the question!
1 Calculate 4 # 1.2
4 # 12 = 4 8 Multiply both terms as whole numbers
1
48 1 decimal place in question = 1 decimal place in answer
` 4 # 1.2 = 4.8
2 Calculate 0.02 # 1.45

2 # 145 = 2 9 0 Multiply both terms as whole numbers
4321
290
` 0.02 # 1.45 = 0 . 0 2 9 0 4 decimal places in question = 4 decimal places in answer
How does this work when multiplying with decimals? Excellent question! Very glad you asked!
Let’s do the second one again but this time change the decimals to equivalent fractions first
0.02 # 1.45 = 2 # 145 Changing the decimals to fractions

100 100
= 2 # 145 Multiply numerators and denominators together

100 # 100
= 290 Number of zeros in denominator = total of decimal places

10 000 in question
= 290 ' 10 000
4 3 2 1
= 0. 2 9 0 Dividing by 10 000 moves decimal point four places to the left
= 0.0290 ` 4 decimal places in question = 4 decimal places in answer
Try this method for yourself on the first example above, remembering that 4 = 4 as a fraction.
1
24 H 6 Decimals
Multiplying with decimals
1 Calculate these whole number and decimal multiplications, showing all you working:
a 0.8 # 2 b 5 # 1.5 c 0.14 # 6
d 0.62 # 4 e 3 # 0.032 f 1.134 # 2
WITH D
NG EC
YI
IM
PL
AL
MULTI
S MULTIP
0...
... ../2
2 Calculate these decimal multiplications, showing all your working: S
..../
AL
IM YI
L
a 3.8 # 0.2 b 1.09 # 0.08 c 2.7 # 2.5 NG C
WITH DE
d 7.1 # 1.4 e 3.21 # 2.1 f 17.2 # 9.3
Decimals H 6 25
Dividing with decimals
Opposite to multiplying, we move the decimal point before dividing if needed.

To find the quotient involving decimals, the question must be changed so the divisor is a whole number.
dividend ' divisor = quotient
• Calculate 4.28 ' 4
4 g 4 . 2 28
1. 0 7
Divisor already a whole number so no change needed
` 4.28 ' 4 = 1.07
• Calculate 0.0456 ' 0.006
0.0456 ' 0.006 = 0.0 4 5 6 ' 0.0 0 6 Move both decimal points right until divisor is a whole number
= 4 5.6 ' 6
6 g 4 45 . 3 6
0 7. 6
Quotient 2 Dividend
if divisor 1 1
` 0.0456 ' 0.006 = 7.6 Drop off any 0s at the front of the answer
Here’s another example showing how to treat remainders
Calculate 1.26 ' 0.8
1.26 ' 0.8 = 1.2 6 ' 0.8 Move both decimal points right until divisor is a whole number
= 12.6 ' 8
= 8 g 1 2 . 4 6 60 4 0
0 1. 5 7 5
1
Add 0s on the end of the dividend for each new remainder
` 1.26 ' 0.8 = 1.575 Drop off any 0s at the front
26 H 6 Decimals
DIVIDIN
G
S
÷
AL
WI
DECIM
TH
DECIM
1 Calculate these decimal and whole number divisions: ..../...
../20...
TH
WI
AL
S
G
a 3.6 ' 4 b 17.5 ' 5 c 16.2 ' 9 DIVIDIN
g g g
` 3.6 ' 4 = ` 17.5 ' 5 = ` 16.2 ' 9 =
d 0.63 ' 3 e 0.489 ' 5 f 10.976 ' 7
g g g
` 0.63 ' 3 = ` 0.489 ' 5 = ` 10.976 ' 7 =
2 Calculate these decimal divisions, showing all your working:
a 5.2 ' 0.4 b 9.6 ' 0.6 c 0.56 ' 0.8
g g g
` 5.2 ' 0.4 = ` 9.6 ' 0.6 = ` 0.56 ' 0.8 =
d 1.58 ' 0.4 e 0.8125 ' 0.05 f 5.3682 ' 0.006
g g g
` 1.58 ' 0.4 ` 0.8125 ' 0.05 ` 5.3682 ' 0.006
= = =
Decimals H 6 27
Recurring decimals
Non-terminating decimals have decimal parts that do not stop. They keep going on and on.
0.3582942049 ... Three dots means it keeps going
If the decimal parts have a repeating number pattern, they are called recurring decimals.
5.212121 ... The pattern 21 keeps repeating in the decimal parts
Here are some examples involving recurring decimals
A dot above the start and end digit of the repeating pattern is used to show it is a recurring decimal.
(i) Write these recurring decimals using the dot notation
a) 10.81818...
10.81818 ... Identify the start and end of the repeating pattern
Start End
oo
= 10.81 Dot above start and end of the repeating pattern
b) 0.2052052...
0.2052052 ... Identify the start and end of the repeating pattern
Start End
o o
= 0.205 Dot above start and end of the repeating pattern
c) 1.047777...
1047777 ... Identify the start and end of the repeating pattern
Start and End
o o = 0.205
0.205
= 1.047o Dot above start and end of the repeating pattern
A bar over the whole or

pattern can also be used
instead of dots = 1.047r
(ii) Calculate 0.1 ' 0.6

0.1 ' 0.6 = 1 ' 6
= 1.0000 ' 6 Write 1 as a decimal with a few 0s
6g 1 .4 04 04 04 0
0.1 6 6 6 ...
Repeats the same remainder when dividing
` 1 ' 6 = 0.1666 ... = 0.16o Recurring decimal in simplest notation
28 H 6 Decimals
Recurring decimals
1 What is the name of the horizontal line above the repeated numbers in a recurring decimal?
Highlight the boxes that match the recurring decimals in each row with the correct simplified notation
in each column to find the answer.
Not all of the matches form part of the answer!
0.14o 0.4r 41.1o 0.144 o o

0.141 0.41o 4.14 o o
0.401 4.1o oo
0.41
4.1414 ... C z F h N d W c D b A a U n P t L f O m
0.144144 ... Y n A m R f T t K z E h R d I c U b S a
0.1444 ... L a D b A m I h M t B f S c A d U z Q n
0.401401 ... R h Z d A n E z A c N t 0 a M b A h G f
4.111 ... A f T z P c H d T a Y n A t A h C m A b
0.4111... I d Y t A b U n H m I z E f S m I t T a
0.4141 ... A b L a D t E f A d N c L m E z O d N h
41.111 ... W c J f B d A a X h M m A b U n A A z
0.444 ... P m V c E a F b A n B d T Y f E c I t
0.1411411 ... H t A n A m A m U f A b A h A a D d R c
c z h m n a f b
2 Calculate these divisions which have recurring decimals as a result.

Write answers using dot notation.
a 1'3 b 4 '9 c 5'6
g g g
`1'3 = ` 4 '9 = `5'6 =
d 1.6 ' 6 e 2.5 ' 9 f 0.34 ' 3
g g g
` 1.6 ' 6 = ` 2.5 ' 9 = ` 0.34 ' 3 =
Decimals H 6 29
DECIMALS
ING ...
RR
CU
Recurring decimals
RE
ALS...RE
CUR
0...
RING DEC
... ../2
3 (i) Complete the following divisions to five decimal places.
..../
CIM
(ii) Determine whether the answer is a recurring decimal or not.
DE
IM
AL
S... NG
RECURRI
a 2 '3 b 1'6 c 1'7
g g g
` 2 '3 = `1'6 = `1 '7 =
Recurring decimal? Recurring decimal? Recurring decimal?

Yes No Yes No Yes No
d 1.6 ' 7 e 2.9 ' 3 f 0.33 ' 0.8
g g g
` 1.6 ' 7 = ` 2.9 ' 3 = ` 0.33 ' 0.8 =

g 0.68 ' 0.3 h 0.019 ' 0.06 i 0.00644 ' 0.002
g g g
` 0.68 ' 0.3 ` 0.019 ' 0.06 ` 0.00644 ' 0.002
= = =

30 H 6 Decimals
What else can you do? Decimals
Simple recurring decimals into single fractions
Only recurring, non-terminating decimals can be written in fraction form.
Here is a quick way for simple decimals with the pattern starting right after the decimal point.
0.111... = 0.1o = 1 One digit in repeating pattern, so that digit over 9

9
o o = 12
0.1212... = 0.12 Two digits in repeating pattern, so those two digits over 99
99
Always simplify
= 12 ' 3 fractions
99 ' 3
= 4
33
o o = 301
0.301301... = 0.301 Three digits in repeating pattern, so those three digits over 999
999
Here are some other examples including mixed numerals.

Write each of these recurring decimals as mixed numerals in simplest form
(i) 3.777...
3.7777... = 3.7o One digit in repeating decimal pattern, so that digit over 9
= 37 Digits in front of decimal point form the whole number part

9
(ii) 16.345345...
o o
16.345345... = 16.345 Three digits in repeating decimal pattern, so those digits over 999
= 16 345 Digits in front of decimal point form the whole number

999
= 16 345 ' 3 Simplify the fraction part

999 ' 3
= 16 115
333
Decimals H 6 31
What else can you do? Your Turn Decimals
Simple recurring decimals into single fractions
1 Use the shortcut method to write each of these recurring decimals as a fraction in simplest form:
a 0.4o b 0.8r c 0.6o
d oo
0.11 e oo
0.27 f oo
0.57
2 Use the shortcut method to write each of these recurring decimals as mixed numerals in
simplest form.
a 1.5o b 2.7r c 4.3r
d 3.6r e 5.12 f o o
0.117
g 0.162 h 5.1485 i o o
0.4896
RING D
CUR EC
RE
IM
E
ALS
= 9
SIMPL
3 (i) Write 0.9o as a fraction in simplest form. .

=0
/20...
INTO
.
0. . .
. . . .
..../.
SI
NG
S
LE ON
FRACTI
(Ii) Does anything unusual seem to be happening with your answer? Explain.
32 H 6 Decimals
What else can you do? Decimals
Combining decimal techniques to solve problems
All the techniques in this booklet can be used to solve problems.
These examples show different ways decimals pop up in every-day life
(i) These rainfall measurements were taken during three days of rain from a small weather gauge:
13.8 mm 36.1 mm 27.6 mm
What was the total rainfall for the three days, to the nearest whole mm?
13.8 + Add the decimal values together
36.1
27.6
77.5
. 78 mm Round to nearest whole mm
` The total rainfall over the three days was approximately 78 mm Answer with a statement
(ii) The results for five runners in a 100 m race were plotted on the number line below.
seconds
11.22 11.23
a) What was the fastest time run (to the nearest thousandth of a second)?
Fastest time = left-most plotted point = 11.221 seconds
b) What time did two runners finish the race together on?
Two runners with the same time = two dots at the same point = 11.223 seconds
c) What was the average time ran by all runners in this race?
Average time = The sum of all the times ran divided by the number of runners
= (11.221 + 11.223 + 11.223 + 11.226 + 11.228) ' 5 Read off all the times
= 56.121 ' 5 Add, then divide by 5
= 5g 5 6. 11 12 21 10
1 1. 2 2 4 2
The average time ran by all the runners in the race = 11.2242 seconds Answer with a statement
Decimals H 6 33
1 To make dark-green coloured paint, you can mix yellow and blue together, using exactly 0.5 (half)
as much yellow as you do blue.
a Use multiplication to show how much yellow paint you will need if you use all
of the 12.46 mL of blue paint you have.
er m e?
Rememb
b How many millilitres of dark-green paint can you make with 18.45 mL of
yellow paint in the mix? Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a mL.
2 Derek types his essays at an average speed of 93.45 words every minute. How many words does he type in
five minutes (to the nearest whole word)?
DECIMA
NG L
NI
BI
TE
COM
CHNIQUES
20...
Nine people were trying out for a speed roller skating team around an oval flat track.
../
3
..../...
MS
The shortest time to complete six full laps of the track for each person were recorded on
LE
O
OB
T
SOL
the number line below: VE PR
seconds
126.22 126.23 126.24 126.25 126.26 126.27
a What was the slowest time recorded to 3 decimal places?
b To make the team, a skater had to complete the six laps in less than 126.245 seconds.
How many skaters made it into the team?
c How many skaters missed out making the team by less than 0.01 seconds?
34 H 6 Decimals

4 The wireless transmitter in Laura’s house reduces in signal strength by 0.024 for every 1 metre of
distance she moves her computer away from the transmitters antenna. Her computer displays signal
strength using bars as shown below:
4 bars = 0.81 to 1.0 signal strength

1 bar = 0.21 to 0.4 signal strength
0 bars = 0.2 or below signal strength
How many bars of signal strength would Laura have if using her computer 16.25m away from
the antenna?

5 Ruofan is putting together a video of a recent karaoke party with her friends. She will be using five of
her favourite music tracks for the video.
The length of time each of the tracks play for is:
3.55 min, 5.14 min, 2.27 min, 3.18 min and 4.86 min
If she uses the entire length of the tracks with a 0.15 min break in each of the four gaps between
songs, how long will her video run for (to the nearest whole minute)? Show all your working.
Decimals H 6 35
6 After a recent study by a city council, the average number of people in each household was
determined .to be 3.4. Explain how this is possible if a household cannot actually have 0.4 of a person?
psst: Check example on page 33 to see how average calculations are made.
7
A Mexican chef has split up a mystery ingredient “Sal-X” into four exactly identical quantities in
separate jars. He then distributes 138.2o mL of the secret ingredient “Sa-Y” amongst the four jars,
producing in total 863.9o mL of the special sauce “SalSa-XY”. How much of the mystery ingredient
“Sal-X” is there in each jar (to the nearest mL)? Show all your working.

After completely flat water conditions (waves with a height of 0.0m), the height of the waves at a local
8
beach start increasing by 0.2 m every 0.3o hours.
If the waves need to be at least 1.4 metres high before surfers will ride them at this beach, how long
will it be until people start surfing there to the nearest minute? Show all your working.
psst: 1.0 hours = 60 minutes
36 H 6 Decimals
Reflection Time
Reflecting on the work covered within this booklet:

1 What useful skills have you gained by learning about decimals?
2 Write about one or two ways you think you could apply decimals to a real life situation.
3 If you discovered or learnt about any shortcuts to help with decimals or some other cool facts, jot them
down here:
Decimals H 6 37
Cheat Sheet Decimals
Here is a summary of the things you need to remember for decimals
s
th
nd
nd s ds
illi th s
Te nth usa
Hu and san
M red dth
s
th
th ths
o
ou ou
nd san
ou ths
on
s
Te sand
Th f th
ns s
Hu ou
Te red
Th red
illi
Hu s
o
M
s
o
h
nd
es
ns
nt
n
On
Te
Te
W H O L E • D E C I M A L
10 000
1000
100
10
1
' 10
' 100
' 1000
' 10 000
' 100 000
' 1 000 000
' 10 000 000
#
#
#
#
#

The next digit following the place value where a number is being rounded off to is the important part.
Next digit
Closer to lower value, so round down Closer to higher value, so round up

Leave the place value unchanged Add 1 to the place value

The smallest place value in a decimal is used to position points accurately on a number line.
6
Six tenths of the way
3.0 3.6 4.0 from 3.0 to 4.0
8
Eight thousandths of the
1.240 1.248 1.250 way from 1.240 to 1.250

Move the decimal point depending on the number of zeros
= decimal point moves right , = decimal point moves left

5 # 1000 = 5.0 # 1000 8 ' 100 = 8.0 ' 100
1 2 3 21
= 5.0 = . 8.0
= 5000 = 0.08
38 H 6 Decimals
Cheat Sheet Decimals

The place value of the last digit on the right helps us to write it as a fraction.
Decimal Fraction Decimal Fraction
Write 0.3 as a fraction: 0.3 = 3 Write 1.07 as a fraction: 1.07 = 1 7
10 100
Last digit is in tenths position Last digit is in hundredths position

Where possible, just write as an equivalent fraction with a power of 10 in the denominator first.
Eg: 3 = 3 # 2 Multiply numerator and denominator by the same value

5 5#2
10
` = 0.6 Three fifths = six tenths = zero point six
When this method is not easy, write the numerator as a decimal and then divide it by the denominator.

Line up the decimal points and matching place values vertically before adding or subtracting.
Multiplying and dividing decimals

Write the terms as whole numbers and multiply. Put the decimal point back in when finished.
The number of decimal places in the answer = the number of decimal places in the question!
Eg: : 4 # 1.2 = 4.8 : 0.02 # 1.45 = 0.0290

dividend ' divisor = quotient
The question must be changed so the divisor is a whole number first.
Eg: : 13.5 ' 0.4 = 135 ' 4 : 89.25 ' 0.003 = 89250 ' 3
Recurring decimals
These have decimal parts with a repeating number pattern.
Eg: o o = 5.21
: 5.212121... = 5.21 o o = 0.3698
: 0.3698698... = 0.3698
Start End Start End
Simple recurring decimals into single fractions Always simplify fractions
Only recurring, non-terminating decimals can be written in fraction form. This is the
method for simple decimals with the pattern starting right after the decimal point.
: 0.111... = 0.1o = 1 o o = 12 = 4
: 0.1212... = 0.12 o o = 8 301
: 8.301301... = 8.301
9 99 33 999
One digit in repeating Two digits in repeating pattern, Three digits in repeating pattern, so
pattern, so that digit over 9 so those two digits over 99 those three digits over 999, Keep
whole number out the front.
Decimals H 6 39
Answers Decimals
Place value of decimals Place value of decimals

1 1
1. a 0.02 b 0.9 c 0.0001 6. a 1 # 1 + 4 # 10 + 6 # 100 = 1.46
d 0.003 e 0.000 06 f 0.000 008 1 + 7 # 1 = 49.07
b 4 # 10 + 9 # 1 + 0 # 10 100
3 7 1 1 +1# 1
2. a 10 b
1000
c
100
c 5 # 100 + 2 # 10 + 0 # 1 + 2 # 10 100
9 51 11 1
+ 8 # 1000 = 520.218
d e f
10 000 100 10 000
d
1 +5# 1 +0# 1 +2
6 # 1 + 8 # 10
3. a 3 tenths or 3 b 1 thousandths or 1 100 1000
10 1000 1 1
4 1
#
10 000 + 9 # 100 000 = 6.850 29
c 4 hundredths or
100 = 25
e
1 + 0 # 1 + 3 # 1 = 0.203
2 # 10
d 5 hundredths or 5 = 1 100 1000
100 20
6 3 1 +7# 1 +0#
6 # 100 1
e 6 ten thousandths or
10 000 = 5000
f 1000 10 000 + 1
1
0 ten thousandths or
0 #
100 000 = 0.067 01
10 000 = 0
f
g
1 + 4 # 1 +1# 1 + 0 #
3 # 10 1
100 1000 10 000
4. a 8 . 1 7 1 6 1 5 b 4.32 1 230
+ 8 # 1001000 = 0.341 08
c 100.1001 0 01 d 9.1 2 421
e 16.123 2 10 f 3.12061 9
5. a 4.19 1. a (i) 536 . 540 b (i) 14 302 . 14 300

1 +9# 1
= 4 # 1 + 1 # 10 (ii) 8514 . 8510 (ii) 4764 . 4800
100
(iii) 93 025 . 93 030 (iii) 80 048 . 80 000
b 29.281
1 +8# 1 +1# 1 c (i) 98 542 . 99 000
= 2 # 10 + 9 # 1 + 2 # 10 100 1000 (ii) 18 401 . 18 000
(iii) 120 510 . 121 000
c 40.2685
1 +6# 1 +8# 1
= 4 # 10 + 2 # 10 100 1000
1 2. a (i) 0.73 . 0.7 b (i) 2.41 . 2.41
+ 5 # 10 000
(ii) 3.45 . 3.5 (ii) 0.01 . 0.01
(iii) 11.9 . 11.9 (iii) 1.00 . 1.00
d 3.74932
1 +4# 1 +9# 1 +3
= 3 # 1 + 7 # 10 c (i) 10.476 . 10.476
100 1000
1 1 (ii) 0.386 . 0.386
#
10 000 + 2 # 100 000 (iii) 0.049 . 0.049
e 0.2306
1 +3# 1 +6#
= 2 # 10 1 3. a (i) 8.8 m b (i) 0.0002 m
100 10 000
(ii) 10 m (ii) 0.00 m
f 0.0085
1 +5# 1 c (i) 3459 km
= 8 # 1000 10 000 (ii) 3500 km
40 H 6 Decimals
Answers Decimals
Approximations through rounding numbers Decimals on the number line
3. c (iii) These digits combine to represent 532 m. 2. d 7.07

7.0 7.1
This is really small part of the total distance
of approximately 3500 km (0.15% of e 2.053
2.05 2.06
the total distance). So they are not really
important as they do not have any effect e 9.538
9.53 9.54
on the approximate distance between the
cities. Only important if a great deal of
3. a [tenth]
accuracy was needed.
0.2 0.3
4. a 1.98 . 2.0 b 398 . 400 ` the value . 0.3
c 11.899 . 11.90 d 79.9 . 80 b [hundredth]
e 0.1398 . 0.140 f 2.1995 . 2.200 1.03 1.04
g 49 798 . 50 000 h 199.9 . 200 ` the value . 1.03
i 9.89999 . 9.9000 c [tenth]
0.8 0.9
5. a (i) 2500 (ii) 2 (iii) 2496
` the value . 0.8
b (i) 9600 L (ii) 9599.59 L
d [hundredth]
(iii) No. Because any digit in this place value
(ten thousandths) will not have any affect 0.08 0.09
on the approximate number of litres
` the value . 0.09
leaked from the pool.
e [thousandth]
Decimals on the number line 1.994 1.995
` the value . 1.995
1. a 0.7
0.0 1.0
f [thousandth]
b 2.1
2.0 3.0 8.103 8.104
c 0.13 ` the value . 8.104
0.1 0.2
g [thousandth]
d 9.15
9.1 9.2
2.902 2.903
e 2.34
2.3 2.4 ` the value . 2.902
f 5.212 h [thousandth]
5.21 5.22
0.989 0.990
2. a 1.6
1.0 2.0 ` the value . 0.990
b 4.2
4.0 5.0
c 0.94
0.9 1.0
Decimals H 6 41
Answers Decimals
Multiplying and dividing by powers of ten Terminating decimals to fractions
1. a 800 b 34 c 29 000 1
2. a 0.5 = 2 b
3
0.6 = 5
d 124 500 e 51.2 f 46.9 1 2
c 0.02 = 50 d 0.08 = 25
2. a 0.02 b 4.59 c 0.0014 e 1

0.004 = 250 f
1
0.005 = 200
d 0.00708 e 1.367512 f 0.004 219
g 0.12 = 3 h
1
0.25 = 4
25
3. a 3100 b 0.02 400 c 2700 i 11

0.022 = 500 j
9
0.045 = 200
d 90 0080 e 0.003 45 f 0.215 995 1 7 121
k 0.0028 = 2500 l 0.0605 = 2000
4. a (i) 2 8 3 0 3 9 2 0 (ii) 9 and 2

3. a 2.3 = 2 3 b 1.1 = 1 1
10 10
b (i) 2 3 8 5 7 (ii) 3 and 8
c 3.07 = 3 7 d 1.03 = 1 3
c (i) 0 4 7 6 3 8 9 2 (ii) 8 and 9 100 100
d (i) 3 8 2 9 6 2 (ii) 8 and 2 e 4.001 = 4 1 f 2.009 = 2 9
1000 1000
e (i) 1 9 2 3 8 0 7 (ii) 0 and 7
4. a 2.8 = 2 4
5
b 1.4 = 1 2
5
f (i) 8 9 2 3 6 7 0 1 (ii) 6 and 7
g (i) 2 0 9 1 7 9 8 3 (ii) 0 and 9 c
3
4.06 = 4 50 d
1
3.05 = 3 20
h (i) 0 8 3 9 1 7 (ii) 0 and 8 3 1
e 2.75 = 2 4 f 5.005 = 5 200
i (i) 9 0 2 8 7 3 2 0 1 (ii) 8 and 7
g 1
1.004 = 1 250 h
1
2.025 = 2 40
j (i) 0 0 8 3 9 0 (ii) 3 and 9
RADIX POINT i 3.144 = 3 18
125
Terminating decimals to fractions Fractions to terminating decimals

1
1. a 0.1 = 10 b 0.7 = 7 1. a 9 = 0.9 b 3 = 0.03
10 10 100
c 0.09 = 9 d 0.03 = 3 c 11 = 0.11 d 7 = 0.007
100 100 100 1000
e 0.001 = 1 f 0.007 = 7
1000 1000 2. a 1 = 5 b 2 = 4 c 3 = 75
2 10 5 10 4 100
g 0.013 = 13 h 0.049 = 49
1000 1000 d 9 = 45 e 8 = 32
20 100 25 100
i 0.129 = 129 j 0.081 = 81
3 = 12 11 = 55
1000 1000 f g
250 1000 200 1000
k 0.1007 = 1007 l 0.0601 = 601
2 = 16
10000 10000 h i 14 = 1 8
125 1000 5 10
j 3 1 =3 4 k 6 7 = 6 35
25 100 20 100
42 H 6 Decimals
Answers Decimals
Fractions to terminating decimals Fractions to terminating decimals

1 2 1 25 11 44 11 27
3. a 5 = 10 b
4 = 100 c
25 = 100 5. e 8 f 4
= 0.2 = 0.25 = 0.44 = 11.000 ' 8 = 27.000 ' 4
= 8g 1 11 . 30 60 40 = 4 g 2 2 7 . 30 2 0 0
4 16 1 5 0 1. 3 7 5 0 6. 7 50
d
25 = 100 e
200 = 1000
= 0.16 = 0.005
= 1.375 = 6.75
6 48 9 36
f
125 = 1000 g 2
25 = 2 100 12 ' 3 9'3
= 0.048 = 2.36 6. a 15 ' 3
b
12 ' 3
1 =1 5 7 = 8 14 = 4 3
= 4
h 1 200 i 8 50 100 5
1000
= 1.005 = 8.14 = 4.000 ' 5 = 3.000 ' 4
= 5 g 4 . 40 0 0 = 4g 3 . 30 20 0
0 . 80 0 . 7 50
12 ' 2 6 20 ' 5 = 4
4. a 20 ' 2 = 10 b
25 ' 5 5
4#2 = 8 = 0.8 = 0.75
` = 0.6
5#2 10
` = 0.8 c
49 ' 7 d
18 ' 2
56 ' 7 8'2
18 ' 6 3 22 ' 2 = 11 7
= 8 9
= 4
c
24 ' 6 = 4 d
40 ' 2 20
3 # 25 75 11 # 5 = 55 = 7.000 ' 8 = 9.000 ' 4
4 # 25 = 100 20 # 5 100
= 8 g 7 . 7 0 6 0 40 = 4 g 9 . 10 2 0 0
0. 8 7 5 2. 2 50
` = 0.75 ` = 0.55
9'3 3 12 ' 4 = 3 3 = 0.875 = 2.25
e
75 ' 3 = 25 f 3 40 '4 10
3#4 12 ` = 3.3
25 # 4 = 100 e
81 ' 3 f
26 ' 2
24 ' 3 16 ' 2
` = 0.12
= 27
8 = 13
8
g
36 ' 6 = 1 6
1 600 h
12 ' 3 = 2 4
2 150
'6 100 '3 50 = 27.000 ' 8 = 13.000 ' 8
= 8 g 2 2 7 . 30 6 0 4 0 = 8 g 1 1 3 . 5 0 2 0 40
` = 1.06 4#2 = 2 8
2 50 0 3. 3 7 5 0 1. 6 2 5
#2 100
` = 2.08
= 3.375 = 1.625
2 1
5. a 5 b
4
= 2.000 ' 5 = 1.000 ' 4 Adding and subtracting decimals
= 5 g 2 . 20 0 0 = 4 g 1 . 10 20 0
0 . 40 0. 2 5
1. a 0 . 1 4 + b 1 . 6 8 +
0 . 7 3 5 . 3 0
= 0.4 = 0.25
0 . 8 7 6 . 9 8
c
3 d
8
8 5 c 0 . 2 4 6 + d 1 2 . 1 9 4 +
= 3.000 ' 8 = 8.000 ' 5 0 . 8 3 2 9 . 0 5 7
= 8g 3 . 30 60 40 = 5 g 8 . 30 0 0
0. 3 7 5 1. 60 1 . 0 7 8 2 1 . 2 5 1
= 0.375 = 1.6
Decimals H 6 43
Answers Decimals
Adding and subtracting decimals Adding and subtracting decimals
1. e 0 . 9 9 - f 5 . 10 7 4 - 4. b 1 13 . 10 9 10 10 -
0 . 2 6 11 . 0 6 4 1 81 . 4 61 21 1
0 . 7 3 4 . 0 1 4 . 6 2 7 9
g 5 . 12 4 - h 2 4 . 11 15 8 - ` 13.09 - 8.4621 = 4.6279
01 . 8 3 1 31 . 61 9 4
4 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 6 4 c 5 . 5 12 10 10 10 -
0 . 11 21 51 31 2
0 . 3 9 4 6 8
2. a 8 . 7 5 + b 4 . 7 9 -
1 . 2 4 3 . 1 5 ` 0.52 - 0.125 32 = 0.394 68
9 . 9 9 1 . 6 4
c 0 . 9 3 6 + d 2 . 1 9 + Multiplying with decimals
0 . 8 6 5 5 . 6
1 . 8 0 1 0 . 1 3 1. a 0.8 # 2 b 5 # 1.5
7 . 9 2 8 # 2 = 16 5 # 15 = 75
e 1 1 1
8 . 6 0 1 2 - 1 f 1 0 . 2 0 6 + 1 d.p. in question 1 d.p. in question
01 . 91 31 51 6 4 . 6 4 ` 1 d.p. in answer ` 1 d.p. in answer
7 . 6 6 5 6 8 . 0 1 5 9
2 2 . 8 6 1 9 ` 0.8 # 2 = 1.6 ` 5 # 1.5 = 7.5
c 0.14 # 6 d 0.62 # 4
3. a (i) 5.7 + 6.2 . 6 + 6 (ii) 0.9 + 9.4 . 1 + 9 14 # 6 = 84 62 # 4 = 248
. 12 . 10
2 d.p. in question 2 d.p. in question
(iii) 8.3 - 1.9 . 8 - 2 ` 2 d.p. in answer ` 2 d.p. in answer
. 6
` 0.14 # 6 = 0.84 ` 0.62 # 4 = 2.48
(iv) 11.3 - 0.2 . 11 - 0
. 11 c 3 # 0.032 d 1.134 # 2
(v) 8.34 + 1.61 + 0.54 . 8 + 2 + 1 3 # 32 = 96 1134 # 2 = 2268
. 11 3 d.p. in question 3 d.p. in question
` 3 d.p. in answer ` 3 d.p. in answer
(vi) 2.71 + 3.80 + 1.92 . 3 + 4 + 2
. 9 ` 3 # 0.032 = 0.096 ` 1.124 # 2 = 2.268
b (i) 8 . 3 4 + (ii) 2 . 7 1 +
1 . 6 1 3 . 8 0 2. a 3.8 # 0.2 b 1.09 # 0.08
0 . 5 4 1 . 9 2 38 # 2 = 76 109 #
1 0 . 4 9 8 . 4 3 2 d.p. in question 78
` 2 d.p. in answer 872

10.49 . 10 8.43 . 8
4 d.p. in question
` 3.8 # 0.2
` 4 d.p. in answer
4. a 7 . 8 10 - = 0.76
2 . 51 6 ` 1.09 # 0.08
= 0.0872
5 . 2 4
` 7.8 - 2.56 = 5.24
44 H 6 Decimals
Answers Decimals
Multiplying with decimals Dividing with decimals
2. c 2.7 # 2.5 d 7.1 # 1.4 2. a 5.2 ' 0.4 b 9.6 ' 0.6
27 # 7 1 # = 52.0 ' 4 = 96.0 ' 6
4 g 5 12 . 0 6g 9 36 . 0
25 14 1 3 .0 1 6.0
135 284
540 710
` 5.2 ' 0.4 = 13 ` 9.6 ' 0.6 = 16
675 994
2 d.p. in question 2 d.p. in question c 0.56 ' 0.8 d 1.58 ' 0.4
` 2 d.p. in answer ` 2 d.p. in answer
= 5.6 ' 8 = 15.8 ' 4
8g 5 . 5 6 4 g 1 1 5 . 38 2 0
` 2.7 # 2.5 ` 7.1 # 1.4 0. 7 0 3. 9 5
= 6.75 = 9.94
` 0.56 ' 0.8 = 0.7 ` 1.58 ' 0.4 = 3.95
e 3.21 # 2.1 f 17.2 # 9.3
321 # 172 # e 0.8125 ' 0.05 f 5.3682 ' 0.006
21 93
= 81.25 ' 5 = 5368.2 ' 6
321 516
5g 8 31 . 12 25 6 g 5 53 5 6 28 . 4 2
6420 15480 1 6. 2 5 0 8 9 4. 7
674 1 15996
` 0.8125 ' 0.05 ` 5.3682 ' 0.006
3 d.p. in question 2 d.p. in question
` 3 d.p. in answer ` 2 d.p. in answer = 16.25 = 894.7
` 3.21 # 2.1 ` 17.2 # 9.3

= 6.741 = 159.96 Recurring decimals
1. 0.14o 0.4r o o 0.41o 4.14 0.401

41.1o 0.144 0.141 o o 4.1o oo
Dividing with decimals 0.41
4.1414 ... C z F h N d W c D b A a U n P t L f O m
0.144144 ... Y n A m R f T t K z E h R d I c U b S a
1. a 3.6 ' 4 b 17.5 ' 5 0.1444 ... L a D b A m I h M t B f S c A d U z Q n
0.401401 ... R h Z d A n E z A c N t 0 a M b A h G f
= 4 g 3 . 36 0 = 5 g 1 7 . 25
0 . 90 0 3. 5 4.111 ... A f T z P c H d T a Y n A t A h C m A b
1
0.4111... I d Y t A b U n H m I z E f S m I t T a
0.4141 ... A b L a D t E f A d N c L m
O d N h E z
` 3.6 ' 4 = 0.9 ` 17.5 ' 5 = 3.5 41.111 ... W c J f B d A a X h M m A b U n A A z
0.444 ... P m V c E a F b A n B d T Y f E c I t
c 16.2 ' 9 d 0.63 ' 3 0.1411411 ... H t A n A m A m U f A b A h A a D d R c
V I N C U L U M
= 9 g 1 6 . 72 = 3g 0 . 6 3
01. 8 0 .21
c z h m n a f b
` 16.2 ' 9 = 1.8 ` 0.63 ' 3 = 0.21

2. a 1 ' 3 b 4 '9
3 g 1 . 1 0 1 0 10 9 g 4 . 40 40 40
e 0.489 ' 5 f 10.976 ' 7 0. 3 3 3 0. 4 4 4
= 5 g 0 . 4 8 3 9 40 = 7 g 1 0 . 39 47 56 0
0 .0 9 7 8 0 1. 5 6 8
4 ` 1 ' 3 = 0.3o ` 4 ' 9 = 0.4o
` 0.489 ' 5 = 0.0978 ` 10.976 ' 7 = 1.568
Decimals H 6 45
Answers Decimals
Recurring decimals Recurring decimals
2. c 5'6 d 1.6 ' 6 3. g (i) 0.68 ' 0.3 (ii) Yes
6 g 5 . 50 2 0 20 6 g 1 . 1 6 40 40
0. 8 3 3 0. 2 6 6 = 6.8 ' 3
= 3 g 6 . 8 2 0 2 0 20 2 0
2 . 2 6 6 6 6...
` 5 ' 9 = 0.83o ` 1.6 ' 6 = 0.26o
` 0.68 ' 0.3 = 2.26o
e 2.5 ' 9 f 0.34 ' 3
h (i) 0.019 ' 0.06 (ii) Yes
9 g 2 . 25 70 7 0 3 g 0 . 3 4 10 10
0. 2 7 7 0 .1 1 3 3
= 1.9 ' 6
` 2.5 ' 9 = 0.27o ` 0.34 ' 3 = 0.113o
= 6 g 1 . 1 9 1 0 4 0 4 0 40
0 . 3 1 6 6 6...
3. a (i) 2 ' 3 (ii) Yes ` 0.019 ' 0.06 = 0.316o
= 3 g 2 . 20 20 20 20 20
0 . 6 6 6 6 6...
i (i) 0.00644 ' 0.002 (ii) No
` 2 ' 3 = 0.6o = 6.44 ' 2
= 2g 6 . 4 4
3.22
b (i) 1 ' 6 (ii) Yes
= 6 g 1 . 1 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 40
0 . 1 6 6 6 6... ` 0.00644 ' 0.002 = 3.22
` 1 ' 6 = 0.16o
Simple recurring decimals into single
fraction
c (i) 1 ' 7 (ii) No
= 7 g 1 . 1 0 3 0 20 60 4 0
0 . 1 4 2 8 5...
1. a 4 b 8 c 6 = 2
9 9 9 3
` 1 ' 7 = 0.142 85... 11 = 1 27 = 3 57 = 19
d e f
99 9 99 11 99 33
d (i) 1.6 ' 7 (ii) No
= 7g 1 . 16 20 60 40 50
0 . 2 2 8 5 7... 2. a 1 5 b
7
29
9
` 1.6 ' 7 = 0.228 57 c 43 = 41 d 36 = 32
9 3 9 3
e (i) 2.9 ' 3 (ii) Yes e 5 12 = 5 4 f 117 = 13
99 33 999 111
= 3 g 2 . 2 9 20 20 20 20
0 . 9 6 6 6 6... 162 = 6
g h 5 1485 = 5 15
999 37 9999 101
` 2.9 ' 3 = 0.96o 4896 = 544
i
9999 1111
f (i) 0.33 ' 0.8 (ii) No
= 3.3 ' 8 3. a (i) 0.9o = 9 = 1

9
= 8 g 3 . 33 1 0 2 0 4 0 2 0
0 . 4 1 2 5 0... o
(ii) 0.9 = 0.999999... = 1. Even though the
value appears as 0.9 repeater, it actually
` 0.33 ' 0.8 = 0.4125 equals a whole number
46 H 6 Decimals
Answers Decimals
Combining decimals techniques to solve Combining decimals techniques to solve

problems problems
1. a Amount of yellow paint = 0.5 # 12.46 mL 5. The total length of the video
1246 # = 3.55 + 5.14 + 2.27 + 3.18 + 4.86 + 0.60 min
1 2 3 5 = 19.6 min
6230 . 20 minutes to the nearest minute
3 d.p. in question
` 3 d.p. in answer 6. The total number of people was not a perfect
multiple of the number of houses surveyed, which
` 0.5 # 12.46 = 6.23 mL of yellow paint
will give a decimal answer...so, on average there
are 3.4 people in each house, but each house will
b Amount of yellow paint = 0.5 # 18.45 mL
have different numbers, leading to this result.
1845 #
4 2 2 5
7. The total amount of "Sal-X" = 863.999... - 138.222...
9225
= 725.777...
3 d.p. in question
The amount of "Sal-X" in each jar = 725.777... ' 4
` 3 d.p. in answer
4 g 7 32 5 . 1 7 1 7 1 7
1 8 1 . 4 4 4...
` 0.5 # 18.45 = 9.225 mL of yellow paint
` Amount of dark-green paint The amount of "Sal-X" in each jar
= 18.45 + 9.225 = 27.675 mL = 181.4o mL
= 27.7 mL (nearest tenth) . 181 mL to the nearest whole mL
2. 9345 # 8. Every 0.3o hours = every 1 of an hour = 3 times an

1 2 2 5
3
hour!
46725
3 # 0.2 = 0.6
2 d.p. in question
` The waves increase in height by 0.6 m every hour.
` 2 d.p. in answer
` The time taken to get to a surf-able height
` Number of words typed in 5 minutes
= 14 ' 0.6
= 467.25 = 14 ' 6
. 467 words
6 g 1 1 4 . 20 20 2 0
0 2 . 3 3 3...
3. a Slowest time recorded = 126.268 seconds = 2.3o hours

b 5 skaters had times less than 126.245 seconds... 1.0 hours = 60 minutes
so 5 skaters made it into the team.
` 0.3o hours = 20 minutes
c 126.245 + 0.01 = 126.255
` people start surfing after 2 hours, 20 minutes.
So 2 skaters missed out by less than 0.01 seconds
4. Laura will have 3 bars of signal strength.
Decimals H 6 47
Decimals Notes
48 H 6 Decimals
Decimals H
SERIES
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Decimals H

Published 3P Learning Ltd

Designed 3P Learning Ltd

So we can think of decimals as being fractions with powers of 10 in the denominator.

Write in this space EVERYTHING you already know about decimals.

Work through the book for a great way to do this

Place value of decimals

Decimals represent parts of a whole number or object.

1st decimal place: ' 10 = 1 = one tenth #

Write the place value of each digit in the number 465.2703

Multiply by multiples of 10 Divide by multiples of 10

Expanded forms Place values

5......5 # 1 = 5 = 5 ones (or five)

2......2 ' 10 `or 2 # 1 j = 2 = 2 tenths 1st decimal place

Place value of decimals

2 Write the fraction that represents these:

d 9 ten thousandths e 51 hundredths f 11 ten thousandths

d 65 @ 0.05043 e 66 @ 0.79264 f 60 @ 8.56309

8.171615 4.321230 100.1001001

d [hundredths] e [ten thousandths] f [millionths]

9.12421 16.123210 3.120619

Place value of decimals

23.401 = 2 # 10 + 3 # 1 + 4 # 1 + 0 # 1 + 1 # 1 Multiply each digit by its place value

5 Write these decimals in expanded form:

Approximations through rounding numbers

Look at these two statements made about a team of snowboarders:

Closer to lower value, so round down Closer to higher value, so round up

Here are some examples to see how we round off numbers.

Round these numbers

2 4 6 2 The next digit is a 6, so round up by adding 1 to 4

2 5 0 0 Change the other smaller place value digits to 0’s

` 2462 . 2500 rounded to the nearest hundred

(ii) 0.3145 to one decimal place (or to the nearest tenth)

0 . 3 1 4 5 The next digit is a 1, so round down

0 . 3 Write decimal with one decimal place only

` 0.3145 . 0.3 rounded to one decimal place

2 6 . 3 5 8 1 9 The next digit is a 9, so round up by adding 1 to 1

2 6 . 3 5 8 2 Write decimal with four decimal places only

` 26.35819 . 26.3582 rounded to four decimal places

a [nearest ten] b [nearest hundred] c [nearest thousand]

(i) 536 . (i) 14 302 . (i) 98 542 .

(ii) 8514 . (ii) 4764 . (ii) 18 401 .

(iii) 93025 . (iii) 80 048 . (iii) 120 510 .

a [nearest tenth] b [nearest hundredth] c [nearest thousandth]

(i) 0.73 . (i) 2.406 . (i) 10.4762 .

(ii) 3.47 . (ii) 0.007 . (ii) 0.3856 .

(iii) 11.85 . (iii) 1.003 . (iii) 0.048640 .

3 Approximate the following distance measurements:

b Under a microscope the length of a dust mite was 0.000194 m

c If Lichen City is 3 458 532 m away from Moss City:

Approximations through rounding numbers

0 . 9 5 The next digit is a 5, so round up by adding 1 to 9

4 Round off these numbers according to the square brackets.

d [nearest ones] e [three decimal places] f [three decimal places]

g [nearest thousand] h [nearest ones] i [four decimal places]

5 Approximate these values:

(i) Approximate the number of calls received to the nearest hundreds. .

(ii) Approximately how many thousands of calls did they receive? .

(i) How much water was lost to the nearest 10 litres? .

(ii) How much water was lost to the nearest mL if 1mL = 1 L? .

Decimals on the number line

1.240 1.248 1.250

So its eight thousandths of

4 Round off these numbers according to the square brackets.