ARNAB MAJUMDER | A/2514/2012 | THESIS REPORT (2016-17)

नई दिल्ली रे लवे स्टे शन

REDEVELOPMENT OF NEW DELHI RAILWAY STATION
RESEARCH GUIDE : Prof. Dr. JAYA KUMAR THESIS GUIDE(S) : SIRIESH MALPANI |Prof. MANOJ MATHUR
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

The thesis titled REDEVELOPMENT OF NEW DELHI RAILWAY STATION has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the Bachelors
Degree Program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi – 110002, India under the
supervision of Shiriesh Malpani ,Prof. Manoj Mathur and Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar.

I hereby submit 2 hard copies of the report for internal and external evaluation respectively.

The undersigned hereby declares that this is his/her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source.
Furthermore this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.

Arnab Majumder | A/2514/2012 | 5th Year , Section B

 CERTIFICATE BY THESIS GUIDE

This thesis was carried out during the January – May 2017 semester in the Department of Architecture. Thereafter, based on this
declaration by the candidate, the thesis was placed in front of External Jury held on 24th & 25th of May 2017. For this work, the
candidate was awarded the following marks :
Internal Marks ___________out of 450 Marks
External Marks ___________out of 250 Marks.

On Successful completion of Bachelor of Architecture course by the Candidate, the undersigned hereby accepts the Thesis Report
on behalf of the Department, so that it may be placed in the Architecture Library.

Prof. Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar

Thesis Studio Director, 2017 Thesis Studio Coordinator, 2017
Department of Architecture, Department of Architecture,
School of Planning & Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture,
New Delhi - 110002 New Delhi - 110002
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis guides Shiriesh Malpani , Prof. Manoj Mathur and Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar for
guiding me throughout the research and design process . It would not have been possible to carry out this project successfully
without their kind support and inputs at critical stages of design translations .

I am thankful to Prof. Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover and Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar , Studio Co-ordinators for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for systematic structuring of the studios so as to make it gradual process of learning and application .

I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to Mr. Suresh Sharma (Delhi - railway engineer department , DRM Office,
New Delhi Railway Station) Mr. P.R.Mehta (Ex President of CoA, Design Action Group) and Mr. S.K Lohia (CEO, Indian Railways
Station Development Corporation) for their invaluable inputs and contribution and helping me understand the New Delhi Railway
Station . Also , Ar. Sumeet Kumar ( Architect, Indian Railways Station Development Corporation – new proposal for Anand Vihar
Railway Station) for helping me understand the project and giving me insights about the new development policy of Indian
Railways .
My thanks and appreciations also go to my friends who helped me develop the project at every step and others who have willingly
helped me out with their abilities.

I would finally like to thanks my parents. Without their constant support and motivation this project wouldn’t have been possible .
LIST OF CONTENTS

PART 1 : DESIGN INVESTIGATION

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction and need for identification of the Project
1.2 Proposition
1.3 Architectural Vision

Chapter 2: Research
2.1 Area of Research (General Enquiries)
2.1.1 Primary : Present day Problems
2.1.2 Secondary : Types of Railway Stations, functional layouts.
2.2 Case Studies
2.2.1 Primary Case Study : Anand Vihar Railway Station
2.2.2 Secondary Case Study : Rotterdam Central Station , Netherlands
TaiYuan South Station, China

Chapter 3: Programmatic Content

3.1 Scope of Project
3.2 Functional Diagram
3.3 Area Program

Chapter 4: Site Analysis

4.1 Location
4.2 Precinct and Neighbourhood study
4.3 Connectivity , Circulation and Access Study
LIST OF CONTENTS

PART 1 : DESIGN INVESTIGATION

Chapter 5: Technology
5.1 Structural System
5.2 Universal Accessibility
5.3 Sewage Treatment/ Fire Tank / Water Tank
5.4 Sustainable methods adopted.

Chapter 6: Design Determinants

6.1 Determinants for volume disposition
6.2 Determinants for site planning & movement system

PART 2 : DESIGN TRANSLATION

Chapter 7: Evolution
7.1 Evolution of Design

Chapter 8: Development
8.1 Design Development
8.2 Design Framework

Chapter 9: Design Portfolio

9.1 Context Plan(s)
9.2 Floor Plan
9.3 Section, Elevations and 3Ds
9.4 Physical Model
 LIST OF TABLES, DRAWINGS, MAPS AND FIGURES
Fig. 1 : Indian Railways Logo
Fig. 2 : Map of Delhi
Fig. 3 : Illustrative figures showing the objectives graphically. Fig. 40 : Learnings from Case Studies
Fig. 4 : Passenger Concourse view of Utrecht Central Station, Netherlands. (Arch Daily) Fig. 41 : Map of Delhi Showing New Delhi Railway Station
Fig. 5 : Climate of Delhi
Fig. 42 : Flow Diagram of Functional Elements within railway stations
Fig. 6 : Split Level Section
Fig. 43 : Functional Areas of Railways
Fig. 7 : Flow – Through Platform Section
Fig. 44 : Ariel View of NDLS
Fig. 8 : Minimum dimensions for railway tracks and berth clearance. (Manual for WCS)
Fig. 45 : Overview of Stations of UK and India
Fig. 9 : Minimum dimensions for railway rakes. (Manual for WCS)
Fig. 10 : Station Components. (Manual for WCS) Fig. 46 : Illustrative Site Plan of NDLS
Fig. 11 : Illustrative images showing structural components. Fig. 47 : Operational Berthing chart of NDLS (Indian Railways)
Fig. 12 : Site Plan of Anand Vihar Fig. 48 : Map of Delhi showing Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Stn. & NDLS
Fig. 13 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal Fig. 49 : New Delhi Railway Station Overview
Fig. 14 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal (View 1) Fig. 50 : New Delhi Railway Station (Site Components)
Fig. 15 : Panoramic view from the footbridge. Fig. 51 - 54 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)
Fig. 16 : Collection of Site Images Fig. 55 : NDLS Circulation
Fig. 17 : Existing Pedestrian Circulation
Fig. 56 - 59 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 18 : Existing Vehicular Circulation Circulation
Fig. 60 : NDLS (Movement Pattern)
Fig. 19 : Traffic Analysis
Fig. 61 : NDLS (Parking & Vacant Area)
Fig. 20 : High Capacity Vehicles Movement At Anand Vihar Junction
Fig. 21 : Traffic Movement Analysis Fig. 62 : NDLS (Pedestrian Movement Pattern)
Fig. 63 : NDLS (Metro Footprint on Site)
Fig. 22 : Proposed Integration Plan
Fig. 23 : Proposed Integration Plan Fig. 64 : NDLS (Site Photographs)
Fig. 24 : Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily) Fig. 65 : NDLS (Site Photographs)
Fig. 25 : Former Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily) Fig. 66 : NDLS (Circulation - Paharganj)
Fig. 26 : Rotterdam Central Station – Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily) Fig. 67 : NDLS (Circulation – Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 27 : Rotterdam Central Station – Second Floor Plan (Arch Daily) Fig. 68 : NDLS (Administrative Area – Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 28 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 1 (Arch Daily) Fig. 69 : NDLS (Administrative Area - Paharganj)
Fig. 29 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 2 (Arch Daily) Fig. 70 : NDLS (Service Layout– Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 30 : Rotterdam Central Station Roof Plan (Arch Daily) Fig. 71 : NDLS (Service Layout– Paharganj)
Fig. 31 : Rotterdam Central Station Interior Pictures (Arch Daily)
Fig. 72 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Paharganj)
Fig. 32 : Taiyuan South Railway Station (Arch Daily)
Fig. 73 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 33 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Main Entrance (Arch Daily)
Fig. 74 : : Physical Profile (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 34 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – First Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
Fig. 75 : : NDLS (from Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 35 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Platform Level Plan Ground Floor (Arch Daily)
Fig. 76 : : Percentage share of train types (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 36 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Shorter Side (Arch Daily)
Fig. 77 : NDLS Conceptual Block Diagram (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 37 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Sections showing thermal insulation and ventilation (Arch Daily)
Fig. 38 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Longer Side, also showing integration with Metro (Arch Daily) Fig. 78 : Time spent by passengers (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 39 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Concourse View (Arch Daily) Fig. 79 : Distribution of Passengers by profession (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
 LIST OF TABLES, DRAWINGS, MAPS AND FIGURES
Fig. 80 : Distribution of Passengers by luggage carrying characteristics Drawing 1 : FIRE/ WATER/ SEWAGE TANK CALCULATION AND PLACEMENT
Fig. 81 : Photographic walk from Ajmeri Gate towards Paharganj Drawing 2 : Solar Cells calculation
Fig. 82 : New Delhi Railway Station (Physical Overview) Drawing 3 : Ground floor plan
.
Drawing 4 : Mezzanine Level Plan.
Fig. 83 : Indian Standard Beams & Rolled Sections
Fig. 84 : Span/Depth Ratios Drawing 5 : Departure Level Plan.
Fig. 85 : Taiyuan South Station (Section) showing span Drawing 6 : Section through Paharganj Area, showing the volumetric disposition.
Fig. 86 : Castellated Beam Drawing 7 : Site Plan (03.03.17).
Fig. 87 : Structural System : Trusses Drawing 8 : Arrival Plan (03.03.17).
Fig. 88 : Sub Structural System : Castellated Steel Beams Drawing 9 : Departure Plan (03.03.17).
Fig. 89 : Super Structural System : Tree Columns and Trusses Drawing 10 : Platform Plan (03.03.17).
Fig. 90 : Schindler Manual Book for Travellators & Escalators Drawing 11 : Site Plan (17.03.17).
Fig. 91 : OTIS Manual Book for Lifts Drawing 12 : Arrival Plan (17.03.17).
Fig. 92 : PV Panels Specifications & Efficiency Drawing 13 : Departure Plan (17.03.17).
Fig. 93 : Showing Design Journey Drawing 14 : Platform Plan (17.03.17).
Fig. 94 : 1:1000 Model Drawing 15 : Site Plan (07.04.17).
Fig. 95 : 1:1000 Model
Drawing 16 : Platform Plan (07.04.17).
Fig. 96 : 1:500 Model
Drawing 17 : Mezzanine Plan (07.04.17).
Fig. 97 : 1:500 Model
Drawing 18 : Departure Plan (07.04.17).
Drawing 19 : Site Plan (25.04.17).
Drawing 20: Roof Plan (25.04.17).
Table 1 : Case Study Matrix
Drawing 21: Ground Floor (25.04.17).
Table 2 : Program Analysis Drawing 22: Mezzanine Floor (25.04.17).
Table 3 : Categories for Provision of Passenger Amenities Drawing 23: Departure Floor (25.04.17).
Table 4 : Level of Service Drawing 24: Sections (25.04.17).
Table 5 : Area Program (Ticketing & Booking) Drawing 25: Context Plan at ground level
Drawing 26: Context Plan at Departure level
Table 6 : Area Program (Facilities & Amenities)
Drawing 27: Roof Plan
Table 7 : Area Program (Supporting Functions) Drawing 28: Sections
Table 8 : Area Program (Outdoor Functions) Drawing 29: Blown Up part plans at Ajmeri Gate
Table 9 : Area Program (Total Area Requirement) Drawing 30: Elevations & 3Ds
Table 10 : Railway Stations in Delhi (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Drawing 31: Technology Sheet
Table 11 : Physical Profile of NDLS (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Table 12 : Platform wise train operation (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Table 13 : Daily Footfall estimations (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Table 14 : Peak hour volume (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
 INTRODUCTION

Indian Railways, the prime movers of the nation, is pivotal to the

development of the country. It is the third largest network under a
single management. It carries largest number of passengers
(approximately 6.7 billion in a year) and one of the largest volumes
of cargo (794 million tones in the year 2007-08) among the worlds
major rail systems. (Railway Board, 2009)

IR is an efficient system of transportation. The energy consumption

of freight movement is about one fifth of the consumption required
by travels. IR is an efficient system of transportation. The energy
consumption of freight movement is about one fifth of the
consummation required by travels.

Its network of over 64000 route-kms has integrated markets and

connected communities over widely spread out geographies across
the length and breadth of the country. In the year when the railway
vision was laid down i.e. 2008-09, IR carried over 6900 million
passengers and lifted 833 million tonnes of freight traffic, making it
the third largest railway network in the world in terms of size, the
world's topmost passenger carrier (in terms of Passenger
Kilometres) and fourth largest rail freight carrier. (Railway Board,
2009 )

IR is the backbone of India's transport infrastructure, along with the

national highways and ports.

Fig. 1 : Indian Railways Logo

 CHAPTER 1

NEED IDENTIFICATION

The rail industry hasn’t traditionally been known for being

especially fleet-footed or quick to react, but with the rapid
pace of technological, demographic and environmental
change, it will need to be increasingly agile and dynamic.

It is estimated, that New Delhi Railway Station will

experience a daily footfall of over 700,000 passengers per
day , up from its current 500,000 passengers per day.
(RITES, 2009)

The existing building is hardly capable of handling such

large number of passengers, as a result, the experience is
below average, in terms of convenience and comfort.

It is a no brainer to criticise the existing infrastructure, as it

was constructed during British India. Railway commuters
have increased to about ten folds since then, the buildings
are not designed to cater to the situation they are facing.

Having said that, there is a need to improve the existing

station to meet it’s projected per day handling passenger
capabilities.

“Indian Railways envisages an investment of INR 8.5 lakh

crore in the next five years with plan to redevelop over
400 railway stations all over the country .”(Prabhu , 2015 )

New Delhi Railway station has been selected amongst the

400 station, which will get a complete facelift. Under that
purview, this thesis would look into Modernising New
Delhi Railway Station into a world class hub for
transportation. Fig. 2 : Map of Delhi
 CHAPTER 1
PROPOSITION
The railway station as a permanent architecture
manifestation has not just been the centre of urban life. In
most cases, the railway station occupies an unrivalled
prime location in the heart of the city or in another
convenient central position, connected to other transport
networks. People on business or tourists almost always
pass through a town’s railway station.
They are large infrastructures that should ideally define
the image of the city in which they are placed, but that is
hardly the case. The stations are generally crippled with
low level of maintenance and lack of passenger
convenient designs.
Whenever the Railway introduces its annual budget, it sets
aim to increase more no. of trains and railway tracks. They
hardly identify the underlying issue of the existing stations
which have saturated their potential to handle passengers.
Most terminal and suburban stations are either running on
their peak designed passenger count, or exceeding by a
huge margin.
This thesis looks at New Delhi Railway Station as a
Gateway to the City. This large infrastructural revamp
will portray the image of India’s Capital City.
OBJECTIVES
The objective is to take up revamping under following
heads and beyond
• Large Passenger Concourse Areas with adequate and
high quality facilities for the users.
• Movement Systems – Pedestrian : There will be
seamless movement of incoming as well as outgoing
passengers. It will also take care of integration of
passengers coming from Paharganj side towards Ajmeri
Gate, it will continue to integrate with the existing
Delhi Metro.
• Movement Systems – Vehicular : It will be designed in
such a manner, so that, the station does not become a
barrier between both sides of the city. Vehicles will
have more than one option to enter and exit. The road
network will circumscribe the terminal building, so that
vehicles can cross either sides, without having to use
the existing congested flyover.
• Amenities : Adequate number of toilets , clean drinking
water, security, food courts, restaurants and railway
yatra niwas.
Maximum Passenger Convenience
Safety and Security
Fast and Efficient Passenger Flow
Flexible Interiors
Fig. 3 : Illustrative figures showing the objectives
A World Class Icon graphically.
 CHAPTER 1

ARCHITECTURAL VISION

Looking ahead to 2050 requires us to think in conceptual

terms in the hope of pushing the boundaries of creative
thinking. The rail industry is often thought of as conservative;
however, there is a need to proceed with foresight, to
embrace creative thinking beyond projecting the present into
the future.

This thought-piece focuses on the passenger and user

experience. The journeys imagined here are intended to
generate a conversation about the future and provide the big
picture context for future planning and decision-making by the
rail industry and by governments. They are also intended to
set out a forward looking and inspiring vision for rail.

Flamboyant buildings with airport-like facilities, helipad,

executive lounges are going to be the characteristics of Indian
Railway stations in the years to come. Train journey in India
will be a different experience altogether with upcoming
world-class stations that will do away with long queues at
station entry, untidy waiting halls and stinking toilets.

The station buildings will wear a swanky look with separate

terminals for arrival and departure like the ones at airports.
The stations will have segregated areas for passengers,
commercial activities and railway officers. There will be
dedicated approach roads for traffic to railway station along
with municipal roads with its integration in circulating areas.

The much-awaited development will lay foundation to the

Railways in bringing them at par with the world class transport
system. New Delhi Railway Station will act as the benchmark
for the other major stations in India and in the World.
Fig. 4 : Passenger Concourse view of Utrecht Central Station, Netherlands. (Arch Daily)
 CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Framework for Research (General Queries)

Related to Site & Context

Approximate Area of the Site
Developmental Norms – FAR, Ground Coverage, Permissible Height
Climate of Delhi
Condition pertaining to the Site Surroundings

Design based Enquiry

What are the constituent functions in a Railway Terminal Station?
What are the supporting functions?
What are the types of Platforms, Terminal buildings in existence?
What are the minimum dimensions for Railway Tracks, Platforms, Staircases etc.
What are the Parking requirements and traffic conditions?

Structural Enquiries
What type of structural systems are required?
What kind of materials should be used?
What are the kind of spaces required, that can regulate the structural considerations?
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Related to Site & Context

Approximate Area of the Site

40 Hectares (100 Acres) or 400,024 Sqm.

Developmental Norms – FAR, Ground Coverage, Permissible Height

Fig. 5 : Climate of Delhi

(Source : MPD 2021)
Climate of Delhi

Condition pertaining to the Site Surroundings
Lack of Parking Space. Drop offs are congested. Scarcity in terms of public toilets,
connectivity between both the sides of the station is very poor.
There is no integrated connection between the Railways and the Metro Stations. Bus Service
is poor, walkable distance between Ajmeri Gate and Bus Stop is about 500 meters. Lack of
Food and Beverage stalls, ATMs, Pre Paid Taxi Stalls etc. Signage is often missing, which leads
to confusion and ambiguity.
The climate of Delhi is an overlap between monsoon-
influenced humid subtropical and semi-arid, with high
variation between summer and winter temperatures and
precipitation. Delhi's version of a humid subtropical climate
is markedly different from many other humid subtropical
cities such as Sao Paulo, New Orleans and Brisbane in that
the city features dust storms (something more commonly
seen in a desert climate), has relatively dry short winters
and has a prolonged spell of very hot weather, due to
its semi-arid climate. (The weatherspark)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH
Design based Enquiry
What are the constituent functions in a Railway Terminal Station?

Terminal Building, Parking Lot, Platforms, Railway Tracks, Drop offs for Cars,
Buses, TSRs etc. Integrated services such Metro , Trams , Buses (if available).

What are the types of Terminal Buildings?

Terminus Type, Underground Type, Bridge Type Through Type, Combination of

the followings.
New Delhi Railway Station is Through Type in its current configuration.

What are the types of Platforms, in existence?

There are Island platforms and side platforms. Island Platforms, Split level
Platforms and through types.

Fig. 7 : Flow – Through Platform Section

(Manual for Station Development, Ministry of Railways,Govt. of India)

There are total 7 Island Platforms and 2 Side Platforms currently existing at NDLS.

What are the minimum dimensions for Railway Tracks, Platforms, Staircases
etc.
Staircases
The rise of the stairs shall preferably be limited to 3500 mm. However, specific
site conditions may cause an increase in this dimension.

Fig. 6 : Split Level Section

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Platform Length
Platform length is typically determined by the length of the longest train anticipated for the
station (e.g., a 24-coach train at 22.5m per coach with a 22m engine at each end will require at
least a 584 m platform) plus 4.5 m or as directed by INDIAN RAILWAYS.

Platform Width
Platform width is typically determined by several factors:
a) The width of any VCEs located within the length of the platform.
b) An architecturally preferred minimum 2.640 m clear distance to any obstruction, such as a
VCE, from the platform edge. This distance includes the .609 m wide platform safety edge, a
1.725 m clear passage for customers circulating along the platform length, and a .13 m buffer
zone along the length of the obstruction. Where a platform edge rubbing strip is employed,
the width of the rub strip shall not be included within the preferred minimum clear distance
and the edge of the platform shall be measured from the inside edge of the rubbing. The rub
strip will not be included as part of the .609 m width of the platform safety edge.
c) Station patronage and emergency exiting requirements.
d) Space requirements as determined by Level of Service requirements.

(Manual for Station Development, Ministry of Railways,Govt. of India)

What are the services required in a terminal building? (Lighting, Sounds, MEP etc.)

Terminal Building should be well lit, with maximum day lighting. And providing necessary
points for artificial lighting where ever necessary.
Sound & Acoustic treatment is required in upper class waiting lounges. MEP is applicable
to the type of the terminal building.

What are the Parking requirements and traffic conditions?

As per the bye laws, Parking requirement is 2 ECS per 100 Sqm. (Proposed Built up Area –
50,000 Sqm) Total Parking Required therefore = 1,000 Car Parking.
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 8 : Minimum dimensions for railway tracks and berth clearance. (Manual for WCS)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 10 : Station Components. (Manual for WCS)

Fig. 9 : Minimum dimensions for railway rakes. (Manual for WCS)

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Structural Enquiries
What type of structural systems are
required?

A modern Railway Station requires Large

span structures for minimum visual and
physical hindrance.

What kind of materials should be used?

Glass is required for Curtain Wall System.

For Large span roof, Steel girders and
space frames are required. The
Substructure can be made out of RCC.

What are the kind of spaces required,

that can regulate the structural
considerations?

Terminal configuration can regulate

structural consideration. For instance, the
structural requirements for Rotterdam
Central Station and Tin yuan South Station
is of similar nature, where as in case of
Utrecht Central station, its requirement is
different. The Former two have a whole
building envelope approach towards the
stations while the latter has bridge type
terminal with open to air platforms.

Fig. 11 : Illustrative images showing structural components.

 CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH
PRIIMARY CASE STUDY : ANAND VIHAR (UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT SITUATION)

CASE STUDY 01

FACT FILE
AREA : 99500 sqm

Current Interstate Operating Routes: 51

Current No. Of Destinations : 88
Interstate Connectivity : 5 States
Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand and Rajasthan
AREA: SPREAD OVER 42 HECTARES
OPENED: 19 DECEMBER 2009

PLATFORMS: 3 (PHASE-I) PHASE 2 IN CONSTRUCTION

Phase 2 Development

•Number of platforms will be increased to 7 in total

•Terminal will have a capacity to handle over 3 lakh passengers
and as many as 270 trains daily.
•Linking of this terminal with the original Anand Vihar station.

The total area available is 9.2 hectares. It has a frontage of

about 500m along the main Ghazipur road. Main entry to ISBT
is from Road No. AH-56. The present ISBT is functional in the
name of Vivekananda Inter State Bus Terminal, Anand Vihar,
East Delhi

Fig. 12 : Site Plan of Anand Vihar

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

NO. OF TRAINS PER DAY

SMTWTFS
22 29 28 29 22 31 28

Fig. 13 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal Fig. 14 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal (View 1)

Area: Spread Over 42 Hectares

Opened: 19 December 2009

Platforms: 3 (Phase-i) Phase 2 In Construction

Phase 2 Development

Number of platforms will be increased to 7 in total

Terminal will have a capacity to handle over 3 lakh

passengers and as many as 270 trains daily.

Linking of this terminal with the original Anand Vihar

station.
Fig. 14 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal (View 2)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 15 : Panoramic view from the footbridge. Fig. 16 : Collection of Site Images

General Problems

ISBT- The ISBT is not directly integrated

with any of the other buildings. The only
access is from the Main Road in front of it.

Anand Vihar Metro Station - The entry to

the Metro station is through the road
which enters into the ISBT. This leads to
conflict of pedestrians and vehicles. Also
there is not direct connection from the
Main road to the Metro.

Anand Vihar Terminus - Connected to the

Main road, but not with the ISBT. The
Metro station is connected by a
footbridge.

Fig. 12 : Site Plan of Anand Vihar Fig. 16 : Distance between buildings made longer due to lack of integration.
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 17 : Existing Pedestrian Circulation

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 18 : Existing Vehicular Circulation Circulation

Fig. 19 : Traffic Analysis

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH DAILY TIME CYCLES

MORNING 6AM –11AM

Huge number of
passengers
interchange from
local train to either
mode of transport
i.e. bus or metro
because people
towards Delhi
from Ghaziabad to
go to
office/college. Fig. 20 : High Capacity Vehicles Movement At Anand Vihar Junction

Fig. 21 : Traffic Movement Analysis

NOON 11AM – 5PM EVENING 5PM – 7:30 PM

Fig. 21 : Traffic Movement Analysis

Less number of people interchange from local train to any other
People interchange from metro/bus/railway terminal to local train to get back their home.
means as there are less number of trains during this duration lap.
Interchange between other modes is uniform.
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 22 : Proposed Integration Plan

Fig. 23 : Proposed Integration Plan

 CHAPTER 2 FACT FILE
RESEARCH Number of Daily Passengers – 110,000 daily

SECONDARY CASE STUDY : ROTTERDAM CENTRAL STATION (Types of Railway Stations, functional layouts.) Number of Platforms – 13
CASE STUDY 02
Platform Type – Island Platforms

Station Type – Integrated Terminal for Bus,

Tram, Intercity International High Speed Trains
and Metro Rail.

Fig. 25 : Former Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily)

Rotterdam's former Centraal Station by
architect Sybold van Ravesteyn built 1950-1957.

Between 16 January 2008 and the end of March

Fig. 24 : Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily)
2008 the station was completely demolished.
Passengers then, for years, had to use amenities
housed in a temporary shelter, a smurf-blue
building complex on Conrad Street on the northeast
corner of the Groothandelsgebouw. The bicycle
tunnel served as a temporary passenger tunnel. On
28 November 2012 the six-times-as-large, new
passenger tunnel opened, and on 28 August 2013
the renovated bicycle tunnel opened. (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 25 : Rotterdam Central Station – Site Plan (Arch Daily)

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 26 : Rotterdam Central Station – Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily)

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 27 : Rotterdam Central Station – Second Floor Plan (Arch Daily)

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 28 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 1 (Arch Daily)

Fig. 29 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 2 (Arch Daily)

Planning Process – The Terminal has been designed such that there is minimum hindrance to the passenger movement. There is a non ticketed area, which
also functions as departure concourse and offers some amount of retail space.

The tracks have been elevated, which gave a clear passage for passenger movement from both sides of the station. It has two levels, once entered through
the passenger concourse, there is one level that goes down thus connecting to the Metro, whereas the upper level connects to the HST (High Speed
Railway) network.

The routing through the station is logical; travellers are guided by a direct view of the trains and by the daylight that penetrates to the traveller's passage
via the voids that extend
CHAPTER 2
Learning’s From Case Study
RESEARCH

Fig. 30 : Rotterdam Central Station Roof Plan (Arch Daily)

Rotterdam Centraal Station is a one of its kind

terminal station with elevated tracks.

This gives a free flow for the incoming passengers,

and provides zero visibility hindrance to the
platforms.

The Terminal building acts as an envelope for the

entire station, thus , even the platforms have
mechanically conditioned air.

Solar PV Panels helps in reducing energy bills and

Coz emissions.

The Iconic Design becomes an instant visual image

to the tourists and the travellers, which helps in
way finding.

It has multiple functionality with integration to

metro rail service , high speed international trains,
trams and buses.
Fig. 31 : Rotterdam Central Station Interior Pictures (Arch Daily)
 CHAPTER 2 FACT FILE
RESEARCH
Number of Daily Passengers – 110,000 daily
SECONDARY CASE STUDY : TAIYUAN SOUTH RAILWAY STATION (Types of Railway Stations, functional layouts.) Number of Platforms – 18
CASE STUDY 03 Platform Type – Island & Side Platforms
Station Type – Integrated Metro & Train
Terminal

Fig. 33 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Main Entrance (Arch Daily)

The station mainly consist of Terminal Building and two Squares.

The terminal building has two floors above ground and one underground,
connected by escalators, elevators, and stairs. Inside it, there are many bilingual
direction boards in English and Chinese.

2F: waiting areas, including special areas for business class passengers, group
passengers, mothers and children, and the disabled passengers; servicing areas
including information desks, restaurants, bank, shops, toilets, and hot drink
water; ticket barriers; left luggage office (At the west end of the floor)

1F: Platforms, exits and entrances, security checks, ticket hall, arrival hall, ticket
Fig. 32 : Taiyuan South Railway Station (Arch Daily) office (close to west exit), taxi stands, bus stops, parking lots, toilets, exits.
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 34 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – First Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 35 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Platform Level Plan Ground Floor (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

Fig. 35 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Sections showing thermal insulation and ventilation (Arch Daily)

Energy-saving space enclosing structure-the external space enclosing structure of Taiyuannan Railway Station employs novel double-layer hollow glass
and stone combined curtain. 6+12+6 tempered LOW-E hollow glass and stone combined curtain, 600mm air space between two layers of curtains and
unique curtain system greatly enhances the thermal inertia of the architectural surface and ensures stable indoor temperature, favourable for reduction
of energy consumption of the station in Taiyuan in cold winter. (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH

KEY PLAN

Fig. 36 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Shorter Side (Arch Daily)

Fig. 38 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Longer Side, also showing integration with Metro (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2
Learning’s From Case Study
RESEARCH

Fig. 39 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Concourse View (Arch Daily)

The Taiyuan South Railway Station is arguably the
largest of the bunch, at least from the previous two
stations (Anand Vihar & Rotterdam).

It has 18 Platforms, comparable to NDLS in size.

The Structural system adopted has many features,

such has allowance of day light, multi layered glass
to capture the radiant atmospheric heat during
winter.

The Segregation of Departing Passengers and

Arriving passengers is done extremely well. The
arriving passengers are directly carried out of the
terminal building, thereby not letting them to mix
with the departing passengers.

There are retail areas inside the terminal building.

Although it is a huge terminal station in size, yet

the footfall (Daily) is comparatively less compared
Fig. 38 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Roof Plan (Arch Daily) to the previous two stations.
 CASE STUDY MATRIX

New Delhi Railway Anand Vihar Rotterdam Centraal Taiyuan South

Area : 183952 Sqm.

Transfer Capacity :
110,000 Daily

Anand Vihar Taiyuan South

New Delhi Railway Station Rotterdam Central

Table 1 : Case Study Matrix

 CASE STUDY MATRIX

New Delhi Railway Anand Vihar Rotterdam Centraal Taiyuan South

Anand Vihar Taiyuan South

New Delhi Railway Station Rotterdam Central

Table 1 : Case Study Matrix

 Learnings from Case Studies

Anand Vihar Taiyuan South

New Delhi Railway Station Rotterdam Central

Fig. 40 : Learnings from Case Studies

 CHAPTER 3

PROGRAMATIC CONTENT

Fig. 41 : Map of Delhi Showing New Delhi Railway Station

Fig. 43 : Flow Diagram of Functional Elements within railway stations
 PROGRAM ANALYSIS

Sl No. Designated Space Activity Frequency of Use Visual Orientation Floor Level Spatial Character

1. Yes, Easily Visible Departure Natural lit up space with

Reception Point/ Ticketing Entrance to the main 24 Hrs bright interior lux levels.
building
2. Waiting Halls Passengers waiting for Yes, Required Departure Large amount of space
their Train 24 Hrs with good siting
facilities.
3. Arrival Concourse Arrival of Passengers Yes, Required Arrival Well Lit up Space with all
24 Hrs the facilities

4. Departure Concourse Departing Passengers Yes, Easily Visible Departure Well Lit up Space with all
24 Hrs the facilities

5. Administrative Area Spaces for Any Top Floor Space designated to

Administrative 10 Hrs Office related work
Purposes
6. Food Court/Restaurants Fine Dinning Space as Yes, Required All Levels Good Interiors and well
well as Open Space 24 Hrs lit up Spaces

7. Information Centre Information Hub for Yes, Easily Visible All Levels Compact Unit with
the Passengers 24 Hrs ample space around

8. Services Chiller Plant, AHUs

Pump Room, Electric 24 Hrs Not Required Basement -
Room etc.
9. Parcel Office Incoming and Large space with good
Outgoing Freights 24 Hrs Any Basement circulation.

Table 2 : Program Analysis

Fig. 44 : Functional Areas of Railways
 Table 3 : Categories for Provision of Passenger Amenities
PLANNING AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Objective: Maximum Passenger Convenience with Fast and Efficient Passenger Flow
Design Approach and Hierarchy: should be done from whole to part:

Primary Order: Describes the creation of Station volumes through large scale engineering. Yard alignment, no. & size of platform, size &
location of concourses etc.
Secondary Order: Building Components, such as detailing of concourse space, facilities of passengers, operational offices, staircases,
escalators, elevators, passageway, entry, exit, roof, ceilings, walls etc.

Tertiary Order: Passenger Information System, Seating, Lighting etc.

PLANNING NORMS & STANDARDS

• Local city developmental bye-laws and master plan shall be followed in designing the capacity of infrastructure facilities, such as
building design.
• Other Codes or specifications in order of priority:
• National Building Code (NBC) & IRC Codes,
• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),
• American, British and International Standards,
 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
(KPI)

To calculate productivity of any

Fig. 45 : Ariel View of NDLS
Station / terminal in terms of its
LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) Physical and Operational
characteristics in the most relevant
Quantitative method is by assessing
the Level of Service (LOS), from part
to whole.

Also, according to Indian Railway

manual 2009, Creation of Station
Volumes by means of number & size
of platforms, size & location of
concourse etc. is the primary order
for station planning & design, to fulfil
their objective of Maximum
Passenger Convenience with Fast
and Efficient Passenger Flow

Identified Key Performance

Indicators: --- Dwell Time

--- Level of Service (LOS)

-- Average Passenger Space (m²/pax)
-- Flow Rate (pax/m/min)

Table 4 : Level of Service

OVERVIEW OF RAILWAY STATIONS OF UNITED KINGDOM AND INDIA Fig. 45 : Ariel View of NDLS

Fig. 46 : Overview of Stations of UK and India Fig. 47 : Illustrative Site Plan of NDLS
Presently operational “Platform Berthing Chart” of New Delhi Railway Station as shown below:

Fig. 48 : Operational Berthing chart of NDLS (Indian Railways)

 AREA PROGRAM
PROPOSED

TICKETING AND BOOKING FACILITIES AND AMENITIES

Sl Space Designation No. of Users + Area Required Sl No. Space Designation No. of Users + Area Required
No. Visitors (Sqm) Visitors (Sqm)
1. 30 Bookings, 5 Enquiry,10 Kiosks 50+ Passengers 500 1. Waiting Areas (Shaded) 1500 1500

2. Room of Chief Booking Surveyor 5 20 2. Waiting Halls 2500 2500

3. Stock 2 + No. of 50 3. Retiring Rooms for Passengers 100 Rooms + 10 1500

Visitors Dorms
4. Cash - 10 4. Dispensary 20 200
5. CBC Records and Acts - 60
5. Refreshment Rooms 1500 3000
6. Cloak Room 50 – 60 1000
6. Premium Restaurants & Bar ( 20 700 - 1000 10,000
7. Parcel Office Luggage Billing 50 1000 Nos.)
7. Tourism Office, Info Counter, May I 1000 100
8. Office for Head Ticket Collector 5-10 25 Help you booth
8. Bank / ATM , Post Office Outlet (10 20,000 – 50,000 200
9. Ticket Collection - 20 ATMs)
9. Public Toilets 2,00,000 – 2000
10. Sorting Room - 100
2,50,000

2,785 10. Hawkers and Vendors - -

21,000

Table 5 : Area Program (Ticketing & Booking) Table 6 : Area Program (Facilities & Amenities)
SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS OUTDOOR FUNCTIONS
Sl No. Space Designation Area Required Sl No. Space Designation Area Required
(Sqm) (Sqm)
1. Railway Police Force (RPF) ( 50 Jawans) - 1. Concourse Area for Passengers (Using 50,000 passengers 75,000
per hour as peak hour rush)
2. General RPF Changing Room ( 100 Jawans) 500 2. For Goods and maintenance 25,000

3. MCO Office and Rest Rooms 1500 3. For Washing Lines -

4. Rest Room for Ticket Collection Officers 1500

4. Circulating Space and Inward/Outward Transit passengers 15,000

5. Rest Room for Guards and Train Drivers 1500

5. Car Parking ( 1,500 Cars) ( 2 ECS per 100 Sqm) 40,500
6. Office & Storage for Railway Mail Service 300
6. Two Wheeler Parking 5,000
7. Rest room for Porters 200
8. Bus Lane (25 Buses) 2,500
8. Washroom/Toilets for Staffs 200
9. Goods Parking (50 Trucks/ Tempos) 5,000
9. Trolley Storage 100
1,68,000
10. Bed Rolls Store 500
TOTAL AREA REQUIREMENT Table 8 : Area Program (Outdoor Functions)
11. Telegraph Office and Enquiry 20
Sl No. Type of Function Area Required (Sqm)
12. Electrician’s Room 50
1. Ticketing and Booking 2,785
13. Switch Room 120
2. Facilities and Amenities 21,000
14. Break Even Equipment 80 3. Outdoor Functions 1,68,000

15. Main Store & Sub Store 200 4. Supporting Functions 6,870
5. Administration 1,450
16. Battery Room 100
2,00,105
6,870
Table 7 : Area Program (Supporting Functions) Table 9 : Area Program (Total Area Requirement)
 CHAPTER 4

SITE ANALYSIS

Fig. 41 : Map of Delhi Showing New Delhi Railway Station

The city has five railway stations with the New Delhi Railway Station being the central one and is the
busiest railway station in the city. Anand Vihar station and Biswan Railway Station are two upcoming
railway stations in the city so as to decentralize the footfall in New Delhi Railway
The New Delhi Interchange becomes one of the most important multimodal nodes as it has the
Railway Station, the Airport Express Metro station and the Yellow line . Another line is proposed to
be built and is currently under construction.
OVERVIEW

NDLS

Fig. 48 : Map of Delhi showing Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Stn. & NDLS
 SITE COMPONENTS

Type of Station: Regular

Number of Platforms: 16
Number of Halting Trains: 106
Number of Originating Trains: 87
Number of Terminating Trains: 86
Daily footfall : 5,00,000
Entry / exits points : Paharganj (Gate no. 1)
Ajmeri Gate (Gate no. 2).
Fig. 49 : New Delhi Railway Station Overview
Fig. 82 : New Delhi Railway Station (Physical Overview)
 EXISTING

Fig. 51 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)

Fig. 52 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)

Fig. 53 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)

Fig. 54 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)

Fig. 50 : New Delhi Railway Station (Site Components)
 EXISTING

Fig. 56 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)

Fig. 57 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)

Fig. 58 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)

Fig. 55 : NDLS Circulation Fig. 59 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)

Fig. 60 : NDLS (Movement Pattern) Fig. 61 : NDLS (Parking & Vacant Area)
Fig. 62 : NDLS (Pedestrian Movement Pattern) Fig. 63 : NDLS (Metro Footprint on Site)
 Fig. 64 : NDLS (Site Photographs)

Fig. 65 : NDLS (Site Photographs)

CIRCULATION| PAHARGANJ SIDE

Fig. 66 : NDLS (Circulation - Paharganj)

CIRCULATION LAYOUT | AJMERI GATE

Fig. 67 : NDLS (Circulation – Ajmeri Gate)

 ADMINISTRATIVE LAYOUTS | AJMERI GATE

Fig. 68 : NDLS (Administrative Area – Ajmeri Gate)

ADMINISTRATIVE LAYOUTS | PAHARGANJ

Fig. 69 : NDLS (Administrative Area - Paharganj)

SERVICE LAYOUT | AJMERI GATE

Fig. 70 : NDLS (Service Layout– Ajmeri Gate)

SERVICE LAYOUT| PAHARGANJ SIDE

Fig. 71 : NDLS (Service Layout– Paharganj)

PUBLIC FACILITIES| PAHARGANJ SIDE

Fig. 72 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Paharganj)

PUBLIC FACILITIES| AJMERI GATE

Fig. 73 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Ajmeri Gate)

 Fig. 74 : : Physical Profile (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)

Table 10 : Railway Stations in Delhi (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Fig. 75 : : NDLS (from Ajmeri Gate)
 PHYSICAL PROFILE

Fig. 75 : : Station Yard (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)

Present Conditions:

Total Area of Plot : 24.5 Ha.

Area under Operation : 13 Ha (53 %)
Area under buildings : 1.6 Ha (6.5 %)
Area Covered on all Floors: 48,500 m²
FAR Allowed : 1.0
Consumed : 0.2

•Under utilization of FAR (Floor Area Ratio)

•Scope of station’s infrastructure (facilities or buildings)
Future Expansion exists.

Table 11 : Physical Profile of NDLS (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Fig. 76 : : Percentage share of train types (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
TRAINS MOVEMENT

Table 14 : Peak hour volume (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Table 12 : Platform wise train operation (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)

DAILY FOOTFALLS ESTIMATION

Peak Hour Factor has been taken as 7.45 % of 24 hours

footfalls
4,82,800 approx. daily footfalls in the Station premises.
60 % passenger footfalls at Ajmeri Gate side, because of:
•Availability of PT like bus service & metro,
•Multilevel car parking etc.
•Lower Congestion level as compare to Paharganj.

Table 13 : Daily Footfall estimations (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 77 : NDLS Conceptual Block Diagram (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)

Fig. 79 : Distribution of Passengers by profession (Urban Mobility Fig. 79 : Distribution of Passengers by monthly income (Urban Mobility
Conference & Expo 2016) Conference & Expo 2016)
27 % are Business People & 22 % Govt. Employees 31 % of the station users earn between Rs. 5000
to Rs. 15000

44 % passengers are carrying one bag as their

luggage.

Fig. 78 : Time spent by passengers (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Most of the passengers are spending 20-30 min. at station Fig. 80 : Distribution of Passengers by luggage carrying characteristics
Photographic walk from Ajmeri Gate towards Paharganj

Fig. 81 : Photographic walk from Ajmeri Gate towards Paharganj

 CHAPTER 5

TECHNOLOGY

Fig. 82 : Illustrative photograph of Mumbai CST International Airport, showing the structures.
 Fig. 84 : Span/Depth Ratios

Fig. 83 : Indian Standard Beams & Rolled Sections

 TECHNOLOGY – STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Fig. 85 : Taiyuan South Station (Section) showing span

Fig. 86 : Castellated Beam Fig. 87 : Structural System : Trusses

 SUB STRUCTURE

Fig. 88 : Sub Structural System : Castellated Steel Beams

 SUPER STRUCTURE

Fig. 89 : Super Structural System : Exploded view shows Pre Stressed Members having portal frames on top of it, to support the parametric truss
TECHNOLOGY – Universal Accessibility (Active Systems)

Travellators
Similar to using escalators, people stand, or walk, on the travellator
as its conveyor walkway rolls along. Travellators are typically
installed in pairs to keep opposite flows of people all moving their
designated direction.

Moving walkways may be a pallet-type similar in appearance to

escalator steps that have metal or rubber grip surfaces, or a moving
belt type, which have rubber or mesh metal walking surfaces that
move over metal rollers, and feel more flexible underfoot.
Walkways are equipped with moving safety handrails. As the
walkway ends, the surface disappears into end comb-plates.

Escalators
Escalators are essentially “moving stairs” that transport masses of
people up or down between floors of a building. They are installed
indoors or outdoors and the constant speed can be adjusted to
accommodate increases or decreases in volume of passengers.
Escalator width depends upon the age of the mechanism as well as
the volume of riders. Single-rider widths are between 400 mm and
600mm.

Airport and metro escalator widths are 800mm to 1000mm and

accommodate a passenger with luggage or two passengers side-by-
side.

The escalator’s metal grooved steps are linked together and driven
by a motor-driven chain on tracks. In the event the mechanism
breaks down, the escalator can still be used as a staircase access.
Escalators have moving safety handrails. As the escalator ends, the
steps each disappear into an end comb-plate. Escalators are
installed in pairs to keep opposite flows of people all moving their
designated up or down direction.

Fig. 90 : Schindler Manual Book for Travellators & Escalators

Fig. 91 : OTIS Manual Book for Lifts
Drawing 1 : FIRE/ WATER/ SEWAGE TANK CALCULATION AND PLACEMENT
TECHNOLOGY – Solar Energy (PV Panels)

Factors to be considered
Available renewable energy resource at or near the building site

Available area for siting of the renewable energy technology

Cost of energy purchased from the electrical or thermal energy

provider for the building

Available incentives for offsetting the installation cost of the

renewable energy system

Local regulations affecting renewable energy systems

Desire to preserve or not alter existing architectural features

Characteristics of the energy profiles to be offset by the renewable

energy installation.

Solar Photo Voltaic Cells (Panels)

Drawing 2 : Solar Cells calculation

Fig. 92 : PV Panels Specifications & Efficiency

TYPE OF REASON FOR CHOOSING THE
SYSTEM PIRTICULAR SYSTEM
Spatial requirement for the
project – Column free, large
span areas. Typically, we’re
STRUCTURAL looking spans ranging north of
SYSTEM 40m.
Therefore, the best options are
Composite Trusses which is a
combination of trusses, steel
cellular beams and space
frames.
Travellators – For ease of
movement of passengers, both
UNIVERSAL in vertical and horizontal
ACCESIBLITY planes.
(Active Escalators – Rapid
Systems) transportation of masses.
Elevators – For the elderly,
differently abled and for
carrying luggage.
Monocrystalline Panels (Due to
SUSTAINIBLITY their highest efficiency of 21%
(PV Panels) for converting solar into
electrical energy)
Other than the above mentioned systems, this report also looks at Firefighting and Sewage treatment as technologies which will be incorporated into the design.
TECHNOLOGY MATRIX
TYPE OF MATERIALS / SYSTEM
COMPONENTS / STANDARDS
Truss – Hollow Pipe Sections
Steel Beams – Rolled Sections
Space Frame – Hollow Pipe
Sections
Floor – Composite Flooring
(Combination of Metal Decking
and High Strength Concrete –
M40 and upwards)
Airport and Metro escalator
widths are 800mm to 1000mm
and accommodate a passenger
with luggage or two passengers
side-by-side.
Inclination angle for
Travellators (14 Degrees) plus
1600mm width of step.
Elevators of min. dimensions
2100 X 2400 (Car Dimensions)
is recommended by the Indian
Railways.
Monocrystalline silicon panels
with aluminium casing. (1.5m X
0.7m - each module)
PROs.
1. Structure is lighter in weight,
compared to concrete
counterparts.
2. Depth is significantly reduced due to
more application of steel.
3. The nature of the structure allows
space for ducting, wiring and other
services integrate with the structure
itself.
1. Escalators ease up the vertical
movements for the elderly and for
people with luggage.
2. Travellators helps in transporting
horizontally and vertically without
having to walk or climb the stairs.
3. They are mainly given for the
differently abled people, and for
moving luggage in vertical
directions.
1. Converts solar energy to electrical
energy at an efficiency of 21%
maximum.
2. Helps in reducing energy bills.
CONs.
1. Due to larger
application of steel, cost
incurred will be more
compared to concrete
sections.
2. Fire fighting is a major
issue with steel
structures, although
they can be coated with
2 hour fire safety paint
job, it still poses a threat
to the safety.
1. Even though escalators
are
meant to help in increasing
ease of movement, many
people often misplace or get
puzzled which creates havoc
damage to that individual
and also creating chaos.
1. High installation cost and
requires high level of
maintenance.
REMARKS
In terms of building
economics, pre cast
members are possible
for large span
structures, but he self
weight of the members
will become enormous
resulting in over
engineering of the
system, hence it is
avoided.
Escalators travellators
and elevators should be
evenly distributed, and
should be at least
having a backup
system, in case of
failure or emergency.
They should be always
located close to
staircases.
Solar PV panels must be
placed strategically so
that, it does not get
shaded during day
time.
 CHAPTER 6

DESIGN DETERMINANTS
 1. Vehicular Movement System

Drawing 5 : Departure Level Plan.

One of the main determinant for this project is driven by the way, traffic movement happens.
The present scheme lets the traffic cross the terminal building from either side of the city,
Fig. 62 : NDLS (Pedestrian Movement Pattern) without causing interference with pedestrian movement.
 2. Pedestrian Movement & Way Finding

Drawing 3 : Ground floor plan . Drawing 4 : Mezzanine Level Plan.

Pedestrian movement is given the topmost priority. The design decisions were taken in such manner, so that the pedestrian movement can happen without crossing the
vehicular movement at any point at any time.
 3. Platforms are kept the way they exist today, Passenger comfort and amenities

Drawing 3 : Ground floor plan . Drawing 5 : Departure Level Plan.

This is an important determinant, which resulted in the overall shape of the terminal building. The terminal building is sitting on top of the existing tracks, and is kept almost in
the middle of each and every platform, so as to reduce walking distance. Other important factors were, providing adequate no. of staircase , travellators, escalators and
elevators for vertical movement. Last but not least, the new terminal provides quality sitting spaces and retail area for incoming passengers.
 4. Volumetric Disposition

8M Clearance Given, for easy movements of railways.

16M Clearance Given, for creating a grand entrance from the

departure level.

Drawing 6 : Section through Paharganj Area, showing the volumetric disposition.

PART 2 : DESIGN TRANSLATION

CHAPTER 7

DESIGN EVOLUTION

Fig. 93 : Showing Design Journey

DESIGN EVOLUTION
March 3, 2017

Drawing 7 : Site Plan (03.03.17).

 ARRIVAL LEVEL (- 6500)

Drawing 8 : Arrival Plan (03.03.17).

 DEPARTURE LEVEL +8000)

Drawing 9 : Departure Plan (03.03.17).

GROUND LEVEL +/- 0.00)

Drawing 10 : Platform Plan (03.03.17).

DESIGN EVOLUTION
March 17, 2017

Drawing 11 : Site Plan (17.03.17).

 ARRIVAL LEVEL (- 6500)

Drawing 12 : Arrival Plan (17.03.17).

 DEPARTURE LEVEL +8000)

Drawing 13 : Departure Plan (17.03.17).

GROUND LEVEL +/- 0.00)

Drawing 14 : Platform Plan (17.03.17).

DESIGN EVOLUTION
April 7, 2017

Drawing 15 : Site Plan (07.04.17).

GROUND LEVEL +/- 0.00)

Drawing 16 : Platform Plan (07.04.17).

 MEZZANINE LEVEL (+5400)

Drawing 17 : Mezzanine Plan (07.04.17).

 DEPARTURE LEVEL +8000)

Drawing 18 : Departure Plan (07.04.17).

 CHAPTER 8

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
 SITE PLAN

Drawing 19 : Site Plan (25.04.17).

 ROOF PLAN

Drawing 20: Roof Plan (25.04.17).

GROUND FLOOR PLAN
LEVEL +/- 0.00

Drawing 21: Ground Floor (25.04.17).

MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN
LEVEL + 5400

Drawing 22: Mezzanine Floor (25.04.17).

DEPARTURE FLOOR PLAN
LEVEL + 8100

Drawing 23: Departure Floor (25.04.17).

 SECTIONS

Drawing 24: Sections (25.04.17).

 CHAPTER 9

DESIGN PORTFOLIO
CONTEXT PLAN (GROUND)

Drawing 25: Context Plan at ground level

CONTEXT PLAN (DEPARTURE LEVEL)

Drawing 26: Context Plan at Departure level

CONTEXT PLAN (ROOF PLAN)

Drawing 27: Roof Plan

SECTIONS

Drawing 28: Sections

Drawing 29: Blown Up part plans at Ajmeri Gate
ELEVATIONS AND 3Ds

Drawing 30: Elevations & 3Ds

TECHNOLOGY

Drawing 31: Technology Sheet

Fig. 94 : 1:1000 Model
Fig. 95 : 1:1000 Model
Fig. 96 : 1:500 Model
Fig. 97 : 1:500 Model
 Bibliography

1. Edwards, Brian. Transport Interchange a Challenge for Urban Design . Urban Design. June 2011.

2. Prabhu, Suresh. Railway Budget , Railway Minister . Delhi : Government of India, 2015.

3. RITES. Total Transport System Study. Delhi : Planning Commission, 2009.

4. Board, Railway. Indian Rail Schedule of Dimensions. Delhi : Government of India, 2004.

5. Railway station Design. 2016, Railway Technical , Railway Systems , Technologies and operation .

6. Railways, Minister of. Indian Railways vision 2020. Delhi : Government of India , 2009.

7. Development of World Class Railway Station Through PPP , Manual for Standard and Specification (volume 1 of 2).

8. Productivity of Railway Stations - Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016, Prof. Dr. Sanjay Gupta.