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British Standard

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 7072:1989
Reprinted,
incorporating
Amendment No. 1

Code of practice for

Inspection and repair


of offshore containers
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BS 7072:1989

Committees responsible for this


British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and
Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical
Committee PKM/556, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Offshore Diving Contractors


British Offshore Support Vessels Association
British Rig Owners’ Association
Department of Energy (Petroleum Engineering Division)
Health and Safety Executive
OFFCON
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United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association

This British Standard, having


been prepared under the
direction of the Packaging and
Freight Containers Standards
Policy Committee, was
published under the authority of
the Board of BSI and comes Amendments issued since publication
into effect on
29 September 1989 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
© BSI 12-1998
6456 November
1990
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this 7762 July 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
standard:
Committee reference PKM/556
Draft for comment 87/43908 DC

ISBN 0 580 16999 5


BS 7072:1989

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Definitions 1
3 Design and construction 1
4 Plating of containers 2
5 Marking 2
6 Examination and test 4
7 Repair procedures 6
8 Slings and shackles 7
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Appendix A Guidance on design and manufacture of containers 8


Appendix B Required knowledge and experience of the competent person 9
Figure 1 — Format for the plate showing examples of typical markings 3
Figure 2 — Lifting of test load during proof load test 4
Table 1 — Schedule of examination and test 3
Publications referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 12-1998 i
BS 7072:1989

Foreword

This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging
and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee at the request of OFFCON,
an unincorporated group of organizations with a common interest in offshore
cargo handling equipment, to provide a code of practice, within the context of
statutory requirements. It is largely based on provisions set out in the OFFCON
Code of Practice issued in 1986 and adopts the plating system for containers
introduced by OFFCON.
It is the principal objective of this code to give recommendations for the safe and
efficient operation of containers used in trans-shipments between shore bases
and offshore installations, and between offshore installations. It is intended that
owners and users of such containers should observe all the recommendations of
the code except in those circumstances where this would hinder rather than assist
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the attainment of safe and efficient operation.


Because of the variety of containers to which this code may be applied, it is not
possible to lay down detailed constructional recommendations, but appendix A
dealing with design and manufacture has been included to provide guidance on
the factors to be considered by designers and manufacturers to ensure that
containers are fit for purpose. It is recognized that the guidance cannot strictly
apply to the design and manufacture of containers already in existence, however,
owners should assess existing equipment in the light of the guidance and either
modify or re-rate their equipment as necessary.
In particular, attention is drawn to. The Offshore Installations (Operational
Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1976 (SI 1976 No. 1019) which apply to
containers used offshore. Those parts of these Regulations relating to testing,
thorough examination, certification and marking of lifting appliances and lifting
gear are particularly relevant.
In addition, the requirements of the Freight Containers (Safety Convention)
Regulations, 1984 (SI 1984 No. 1890) apply to those containers which meet the
definition of “freight container” in those Regulations. Those containers will
require approval and plating in accordance with the Regulations, in addition to
the recommendations of this code. These containers are often referred to as ISO
containers and are either tested in accordance with BS 3951-21) or the equivalent
test methods of the Freight Container (Safety Convention) Regulations, 1984.
These tests require a vertical top-lift test but do not include a top-lift test by slings
with an included angle of 90°, which is the recommendation of this code (see 6.3).
Therefore containers which meet the test requirements of BS 3951-2 or the
Regulations are unlikely to meet the recommendations of this code unless they
are modified or re-rated.
This code represents a standard of good practice and takes the form of
recommendations.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

1)
The separately published Sections of BS 3951-2 are identical with the equivalent parts of
ISO 1496 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

ii © BSI 12-1998
BS 7072:1989

1 Scope 2.6
maximum gross weight (MGW)
This code gives recommendations for plating,
marking, examination, testing and repair of the maximum permissible combined weight of the
containers intended for transit to and from offshore container and its contents
installations in the offshore oil and gas industry. NOTE The term weight has been used throughout as being the
The code is also applicable to containers which are terminology generally adopted and more commonly understood
than the term mass.
retained offshore for a protracted period but which
require periodic movement during that time to, from 2.7
or between offshore installations. non-destructive examination (NDE)
This code is not applicable to items of plant and any technique used to detect discontinuities in a
equipment covered by the Diving Operations at material without subjecting it to physical stress
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Work Regulations 1981 (SI 1981 No. 399). 2.8


Guidance on design and manufacture of containers offshore installation
is given in appendix A. any installation which is, or has been maintained, or
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this code are is intended to be established, for the carrying on of
listed on the inside back cover. any activity to which the Oil and Gas (Enterprise)
Act, 1982, applies
2 Definitions
NOTE These activities are:
For the purpose of this British Standard the a) the exploitation or exploration of mineral resources in or
following definitions apply. under the shore or bed of controlled waters;
b) the storage of gas in or under the shore or bed of controlled
2.1 waters or the recovery of gas so stored;
container c) the conveyance of things by means of a pipe, or system of
an item of equipment lifted by slings, whose primary pipes, constructed or placed on, in or under the shore or bed of
controlled waters; and
purpose is the transportation of goods, materials or d) the provision of accommodation for persons who work on or
equipment, which may be permanently installed in from an installation which is or has been maintained, or is
the container, to, from and between offshore intended to be established, for the carrying on of an activity
installations falling within paragraph a), b) or c) above or this paragraph.

2.2 2.9
competent person owner
a person having such practical and theoretical the legal owner of the container or his delegated
knowledge and actual experience of the containers, nominee
which have to be inspected or examined, as will 2.10
enable him to detect defects or weaknesses, which it proof load test
is the purpose of the inspection or examination to the deliberate application of a predetermined
discover, and to assess their importance to the safe overload to a container
use of the container
NOTE In this standard a proof load test is used to test the
NOTE The competent person should seek such specialist advice container in accordance with 6.3.
and assistance as will be required to enable him to make
necessary judgements and be a sound judge of the extent to which 2.11
he can accept the supporting opinions of other specialists safe working load/payload (SWL/payload)
(see also appendix B).
the maximum permissible weight of cargo which
2.3 may safely be transported by the container
chequer plate
2.12
a steel plate having regularly patterned raised tare
portions, often used as flooring
the weight of the container without cargo which
2.4 includes all fixtures normally fixed to the container
hook load in service, excluding the lifting sling and shackles
the total weight suspended from the crane hook
2.5 3 Design and construction
lifting set Containers manufactured after the publication of
items of non-integral lifting equipment used to this code should be manufactured in accordance
connect the container to the lifting appliance with the recommendations given in appendix A.

© BSI 12-1998 1
BS 7072:1989

4 Plating of containers 4.4.2 Examination dates should be as laid down


in 6.2 and Table 1.
4.1 General
4.5 Supplementary information
Each container should be fitted with a plate made of
corrosion resistant material securely attached Users of this code may add any other information
externally in a manner designed to avoid relevant to their particular application,
unauthorized or accidental removal. e.g. function, manufacturing data. However, to
avoid confusion it is recommended that such
The plate should be fitted to a door, or, on containers
supplementary information should be kept to a
with no doors, in a prominent position.
minimum.
NOTE Aluminium rivets have been found to be unsuitable as a
fixing method in the offshore environment and should not be 4.6 Marking of the plate
used.
The competent person should etch, engrave or
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4.2 Information stamp the plate immediately after the test and/or
4.2.1 The plate should be headed “DATA PLATE”. examination is carried out, using characters not less
4.2.2 The following headings and the related than 4 mm in height.
information should be permanently and legibly NOTE 1 The presence of a valid plate indicates to personnel
handling a container, the existence of a certificate and its status
marked on the plate, in characters not less (see 6.6).
than 4 mm in height: NOTE 2 Containers with less than one month of currency of
a) owner’s name; certification should not be shipped to any offshore installation,
except by prior agreement with the shipper.
b) container identification (unit number, see 4.3);
c) tare weight (in tonnes); 5 Marking
d) SWL/payload (in tonnes); 5.1 Safety markings
e) maximum gross weight (in tonnes); 5.1.1 The tops of closed containers and the top rails
f) date of last test/examination using the of open and framed containers should be marked to
following: clearly delineate their perimeter, particularly in
1) suffix T for proof load test, non-destructive poor light.
examination and visual examination; NOTE Suggested markings are as follows:
a) a band of solid contrasting colour not less than 100 mm
2) suffix VN for non-destructive examination wide round the roof perimeter of closed containers;
and visual examination; b) contrast hatching on the top rails of open and framed
3) suffix V for visual examination only. containers.

To avoid confusion, the plate should not carry the 5.1.2 All container roofs, including those
date of the next test/examination. constructed from chequer plate, should be coated
with a permanent non-slip medium.
4.2.3 Provision should be made on the plate to
facilitate etching, engraving or stamping to record a 5.2 Identification markings
minimum of six examinations. 5.2.1 All containers should be identified by the unit
4.2.4 A recommended format for the plate is shown number as required by 4.3.
in Figure 1. 5.2.2 The container identification should be
4.3 Container identification prominently displayed on all sides of the container
(as viewed from ground level) in characters of a
Each container should be provided with a unit contrasting colour, not less than 75 mm high.
number issued by the owner as a unique
NOTE For open sided containers it may be necessary to attach
identification which should be noted on all panels specifically to carry the container identification.
certification and logistical documentation.
5.2.3 Where reasonably practicable, the container
4.4 Date of last test/visual examination identification should be displayed on the roof, in
4.4.1 This should be the date on which the most characters not less than 300 mm high. The marking
recent test/visual examination was carried out to should be carried out in such a way as to avoid
the satisfaction of a competent person. incorrect interpretation (e.g. by underlining). Where
NOTE Specific details of these tests and examinations are
applicable the lower edge of the marking should be
contained in clause 6. positioned near the side of the container in which
the door is located.

2 © BSI 12-1998
BS 7072:1989
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Figure 1 — Format for the plate showing examples of typical markings


Table 1 — Schedule of examination and test
Time or interval Test/examination
Proof load test Non-destructive Thorough Suffix (to be
(2G)a examination (NDE) visual marked on
of lifting points examination plate)
Before being used for the first time or Yes Yes Yes T
(for untested existing containers) within 6
months of the date when this British
Standard comes into effect
At intervals not exceeding 6 months No At the discretion Yes V or VNc
of the competent
person
At intervals not exceeding 12 months No Yes Yes VN
At intervals not exceeding 24 months Yes Yes Yes T
After substantial repair or alteration b Yes Yes Yes T
a
G is the symbol for the maximum gross weight used in the test calculation.
b
A substantial repair or alteration means any repair and/or alteration carried out which may, in the opinion of a competent
person, affect the load-bearing elements of the container, or elements which contribute directly to its structural integrity.
c
This is dependent on whether non-destructive examination (NDE) has been carried out.

© BSI 12-1998 3
BS 7072:1989

5.2.4 Under exceptional circumstances the owner 6.2.3 When the schedule requires a proof load test
may change the container identification. In this case the non-destructive examination and thorough
a competent person should ensure that a new visual examination should both be carried out after
certificate is issued and a new plate fitted. the proof load test.
It is the responsibility of the owner to record such 6.3 Proof load test
changes and maintain adequate records.
6.3.1 General. The proof load test in this code
5.3 Information markings involves a top lift by slings with an included angle
5.3.1 On each container a matt black square not less of 90° and is based on established test procedures
than 400 mm × 400 mm should be provided for in 5.3 of BS 3951-2.1:1985 (which however involves
information markings such as destination, cargo a vertical top lift).
hazard etc. This should be located on one door 6.3.2 Procedure
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(where fitted) or on the side of a container without


6.3.2.1 Place a uniformly distributed test load over
doors. When the owner is a leasing or rental
the floor of the container in such a way that the
company the words “on hire to” may appear across combined weight of the container and test load is
the top to identify the user. equal to two times the maximum gross weight and
5.3.2 Immediately below the matt black square the lift the container carefully by its lifting points in
tare weight, the SWL/payload, and the maximum such a way that no significant acceleration or
gross weight should be displayed in characters of a deceleration forces are applied, see Figure 2.
contrasting colour not less than 50 mm high. NOTE If the container cannot be directly loaded because of its
5.3.3 All cargo hazard warning labels should be construction, the competent person should determine a suitable
test such as suspending weights from the frame.
removed from the container or masked as soon as
the contents can be considered to be non-hazardous.
5.4 Additional markings
Users may add additional markings, e.g. their
company name. However, to avoid confusion it is
suggested that such markings are kept to a
minimum.

6 Examination and test


6.1 General
All examinations should be carried out by, and all
tests by or under the supervision of, a competent
person.
Each test company2) should maintain a register of
competent persons authorized to carry out tests and
examinations and to mark the approval plate.
6.2 Schedule
6.2.1 Containers should be examined at regular
intervals in accordance with the schedule listed
in Table 1.
6.2.2 It is the specific responsibility of the owner to
report any substantial repair or alteration to the
competent person carrying out the examination or
test (see footnote b to Table 1).

Figure 2 — Lifting of test load during proof


load test

2)
The test company may in fact be the owner or an independent testing organization.

4 © BSI 12-1998
BS 7072:1989

6.3.2.2 Calculate the hook and test loads as follows: 6.3.4.4 It is essential that verification and
H = 2G calibration as required in 6.3.4.1 to 6.3.4.3 are
carried out by a body independent of the test
L = 2G – T
company.
where
6.4 Non-destructive examination of lifting
H is the hook load (in t); points
G is the maximum gross weight (in t); 6.4.1 Unless the competent person decides an
L is the test load (in t); alternative method is more appropriate
T is the tare weight (in t). ferromagnetic materials should be examined by
NOTE The tare weight includes any item permanently magnetic particle inspection (MPI) (see BS 6072).
attached to the container, for example. 6.4.2 Unless the competent person decides an
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Power unit. The power unit, pump, etc. forms part of the tare alternative method is more appropriate
weight.
non-ferromagnetic materials, should be examined
Tank frame. The tank itself forms part of the tare weight.
by dye penetrant inspection (DPI).
6.3.2.3 Lift the container with a lifting set suitable
for test purposes, i.e. one which has an included 6.5 Thorough visual examination
angle of approximately 90° between the relevant 6.5.1 General. The competent person should carry
sling legs. out a thorough visual examination of the exterior, in
NOTE If a container is normally fitted with a lifting set this set accordance with 6.5.3 to 6.5.9 as a minimum
should not be used for the proof load test. condition and if reasonably practicable, of the
6.3.2.4 Maintain the proof load on the container for interior of the container to ensure that the container
a minimum of 5 min. is fit for its intended use. All load bearing parts,
6.3.2.5 Examine the container against the criterion including the base structure, should be examined.
given in 6.3.2.6 during and after application of the The examination should be carried out in a situation
proof load. providing sufficient lighting and other facilities
NOTE Only a competent person should make this examination. necessary to allow the examination to be carried out
6.3.2.6 Upon completion of the proof load test the safely and effectively. The facility should include a
container should not be damaged or deformed in any suitable means of lifting and supporting the
way which would render it unsuitable for use. container if required by the competent person for
the purposes of inspecting the under-side.
6.3.3 Test equipment. Any equipment which can
carry out the above procedure may be used. The load 6.5.2 Design and manufacture. Before a container is
may be applied using calibrated weights and lifting initially taken into service the competent person
the container by a crane or by means of a suitable should ensure that it has been designed and
test rig. manufactured in accordance with the guidance
given in appendix A.
6.3.4 Verification of test equipment
6.5.3 Welds. All accessible load bearing welds
6.3.4.1 A record of annual calibration should be should be visually examined to ensure freedom from
maintained by the test company for all weights, defects.
gauges, load cells and any other equipment which
may affect the accurate determination of the proof 6.5.4 Structure. The structure should be visually
load. examined for corrosion, mechanical damage or
injurious deformation.
6.3.4.2 Test weights should be check-weighed using
equipment meeting the requirements of 6.3.4.3 6.5.5 Lifting points. The lifting points should be
annually certified as accurate to better than ± 1 % of visually examined for distortion, mechanical
their nominal weight. damage or any other sign of distress or overload.
6.3.4.3 Mechanical test equipment such as testing 6.5.6 Door closures. Doors, frames, seals, hinges,
rigs, load cells, crane weighers etc. should be locks etc. should be visually examined and
verified and certified annually using a tensile functionally checked to ensure that they operate in
testing machine which meets the requirements of a satisfactory manner without undue force being
BS 1610-1, Grade 2.0. required.

© BSI 12-1998 5
BS 7072:1989

6.5.7 Floor. The floor should be visually examined to b) owner’s name, or delegated nominee;
check that it is substantially flat with no sign of c) date and number of last certificate of
distress or overload. Drainage facilities, where examination or test and examination, name of
fitted, should be examined, e.g. drain holes should person who issued it and of his employer;
be clear of debris etc.
d) certificate number;
6.5.8 Markings. The paint markings and plates
e) description of the container including:
should be checked to see that they meet the
recommendations of this code. 1) number and position of lifting points;
6.5.9 Lifting set. If the container is fitted with a 2) manufacturer (if known);
lifting set this should be visually examined 3) date of manufacture (if known);
(see also 8.3). 4) date first put into use (if known);
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NOTE BS 6210 provides guidance on the inspection of wire


slings.
5) tare weight in tonnes;
6.6 Certificate of test and/or examination 6) safe working load (SWL)/payload in tonnes;
7) maximum gross weight in tonnes.
6.6.1 Certificate of examination. Only when, in the
opinion of the competent person, a container is f) proof load applied in tonnes;
suitable for further service should a “certificate of g) details of NDE carried out;
examination” be issued. This certificate should show h) name of company carrying out the
the following minimum information: examination;
a) container identification; i) name of the competent person carrying out the
b) owners name, or delegated nominee; examination;
c) date and number of last certificate of j) a statement that the container described was
examination or test and examination, the names thoroughly examined and that the particulars are
of the company which carried out the correct;
examination/test and of the competent person k) signature of examiner and date of examination
who issued it. (date of signature of report also to be shown if
d) certificate number; different from date of examination).
e) description of the container including: 6.6.3 Report. Any defect or deviation from the
1) number and position of lifting points; recommendations of this code should be recorded. A
2) manufacturer (if known); report should be issued to the owner signed by the
competent person recording all examinations
3) date of manufacture (if known); carried out and the results of these examinations
4) date first put into use (if known); and the reason for rejection.
5) tare weight in tonnes; 6.6.4 Retention of certificates. The owner must
6) safe working load (SWL)/payload in tonnes; retain certificates for each container in accordance
with SI 1976 No. 1019.
7) maximum gross weight in tonnes.
f) details of NDE carried out; 6.7 Marking of the plate
g) name of company carrying out the Only when the test and/or examination(s) have been
examination; successfully completed should the plate be marked
as detailed in clause 4.
h) name of the competent person carrying out the
examination; 6.8 Inspection before use
i) a statement that the container described was Before loading, containers should be checked to
thoroughly examined and that the particulars are ensure that each container is in serviceable
correct; condition and that door equipment, etc. is in good
j) signature of examiner and date of examination order.
(date of signature of report also to be shown if
different from date of examination). 7 Repair procedures
6.6.2 Certificate of test and examination. Only when, 7.1 General
in the opinion of the competent person, a container Repairs to the load bearing structure of a container
is suitable for further service should a “certificate of should be carried out in accordance with the
test and examination” be issued. This certificate guidance on design and manufacture of containers
should show the following minimum information: set out in this code (see appendix A).
a) container identification;

6 © BSI 12-1998
BS 7072:1989

7.2 Specific recommendations 8.2.5 Master link. If fitted, the master link should be
7.2.1 It is the responsibility of the owner to designed in accordance with the advice on design
maintain records of all substantial repairs and given in appendix D of BS 1290:1983. Minimum
alterations. dimensions should be 270 mm × 140 mm.
7.2.2 All containers subject to substantial repair or 8.3 Certification
alteration (see footnote b to Table 1) should be All slings and shackles should be certified in
retested as shown in Table 1. accordance with BS 1290, BS 3032, BS 3551 or
BS 6994 as appropriate. It is the responsibility of
8 Slings and shackles the owner to retain certificates of test and
8.1 General examination. The unique identification of the sling,
and of each shackle should be noted on the
All lifting sets used in the handling of containers certificate.
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should be manufactured in accordance with


The owner has to maintain certificates for each set
BS 1290. Sling assemblies should be selected on the
basis of complying with BS 1290 at a of slings and shackles in accordance with
rating 1.3 times the specified MGW of the container SI 1976 No. 1019 i.e. six monthly examination and
certification.
to which it is to be fitted.
NOTE All references to safe working load (SWL) in BS 1290 8.4 Marking
should be considered as being references to working load limit Each lifting set should be marked on a prominent
(WLL) as defined in BS 6166-1.
location with the following information:
8.2 Specific recommendations
a) a unique identification. Batch numbering
8.2.1 Wire rope. Sling legs should be constructed should not be used;
from wire rope of at least 13 mm diameter.
b) safe working load and the maximum permitted
8.2.2 Sling legs. Sling legs should only be of single included angle of lift;
part construction, i.e. form A1 or A2 only of
c) date of last examination and permanent mark
appendix A of BS 1290:1983.
by the competent person.
8.2.3 Terminations. Single-part ferrule-secured
Each shackle should carry a unique identification.
terminations fitted with heart shaped thimbles,
Batch numbering should not be used.
complying with BS 5281 and BS 464 respectively,
should be used.
8.2.4 Terminal fittings. Shackles complying with
BS 3032, BS 3351, BS 6994 or RR-C 271C3) should
be attached to the lower end of the sling. The
shackle pins should be secured to prevent accidental
detachment. Hooks should not be used.

3)
RR-C 271C US Federal Specification “Chains and attachments, welded and weldless” obtainable from the Sales Department,
BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes MK14 6LE.

© BSI 12-1998 7
BS 7072:1989

Appendix A Guidance on design and A.4 Construction


manufacture of containers A.4.1 Containers may be fabricated either as a
monocoque construction, i.e. where the component
A.1 General parts are load bearing members or as a structural
It is not practicable to describe an ideal design but frame with non-load bearing cladding where
only to detail common features which have been necessary.
found to serve the needs of the industry. It is the A.4.2 The manufacturer should ensure that the
responsibility of the manufacturer and purchaser of container is fabricated to recognized welding
such units to determine the design which best standards and procedures and these should be made
serves their particular requirements. available to the purchaser if requested.
A.4.3 All equipment should be of good construction,
A.2 Design
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manufactured from sound material using


The designer should adhere to the latest relevant recognized standards.
British Standards and should ensure that all load NOTE These may be British, international or other national
bearing components have sufficient strength and standards.
rigidity and are of a quality suitable for their A.4.4 The manufacturer should ensure the quality
purpose. Welding and NDE requirements should be of his products by an effective documented quality
fully specified. assurance system.
To make allowance for the special conditions of the Purchasers may wish to consider the desirability of
offshore operation e.g. impacts, wave motion etc. the assessment and registration of the manufacturer’s
following factors of safety should be adopted, as a quality assurance system against the appropriate
minimum, when designing containers: Part of BS 5750 by a third party certification
a) lifting sets. The factor of safety should scheme.
be 6.5 : 1 expressed as a ratio of the minimum
breaking load of the wire rope to the safe working A.5 Door closures and removable panels
load of the sling leg. This requirement would A.5.1 Door closures and removable panels should be
normally be met by a sling assembly designed designed to facilitate positive closing and a
for 1.3 times the specified maximum gross weight minimum of one locking bar per door should be
of the container, in accordance with BS 1290; fitted.
b) lifting points. Each lifting point should be A.5.2 Locking arrangements should be protected to
designed to bear the maximum gross weight of prevent dislodging by impact.
the container;
c) structure. The working stress should be based A.6 Lifting points
on 2.5 times the maximum gross weight of the A.6.1 Four lifting points are normally
container. recommended. For smaller containers, however, two
or three lifting points may be acceptable.
A.3 Materials
A.6.2 The lifting points may be of any design
A.3.1 The designer should ensure that all material suitable for the purpose. It is essential that they are
specified is suitable for the intended purpose. fitted in a manner such that they are aligned in the
It is recommended that the appropriate grade of direction of principal load, (e.g. “pad-eyes” should be
material given in BS 4360 should be specified for angled towards the centre of lift) such that the angle
load bearing components. at which the load is applied is 45° from the vertical.
A.3.2 Aluminium materials that may result in a A.6.3 Lifting points should be accurately positioned
high energy spark when struck should not be used. and with a four point lift the difference between the
diagonal measurements between lifting point
A.3.3 Cast iron, glass fibre, wood and similar
centres should not exceed 5 mm.
materials should not be used for any load bearing
component. A.6.4 Bolted fittings should be self-locking or be
provided with a means to prevent loosening.
A.6.5 Lifting points should be of sufficient strength
and located to minimize mechanical damage.

8 © BSI 12-1998
BS 7072:1989

A.6.6 Lifting points should be capable of accepting a Appendix B Required knowledge and
shackle or connector without inhibiting movement experience of the competent person
or causing friction against the external surfaces of
the suspension sling termination. B.1 General
A.6.7 Lifting points should be positioned on the
The “competent person” referred to in this code is
container to preclude, as far as practicable, the risk
defined in 2.2. However it is considered of value to
of slings fouling against the container or its cargo
summarize the type of knowledge and experience in
during normal use.
relation to containers, slings and shackles, required
A.6.8 Where eyebolts are fitted the manufacturer by such a “competent person”.
should provide a certificate as detailed in BS 4278.
B.2 Containers
A.7 Floor
Licensed Copy: hydrocarbon user ., Hydrocarbon Resources Ltd, 20 June 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

With respect to containers the competent person


A.7.1 The floor should be designed and constructed should have, as a minimum, a knowledge of:
to support the SWL/payload taking account of the
a) the legal requirements relating to containers;
working stress applicable to the structure as given
in A.2. b) the provisions of this BS code for offshore
containers, including guidance on design and
A.7.2 Containers liable to fill with water should
manufacture;
have a suitable drainage facility.
c) the various types of container in service;
A.7.3 The underside of the container should be
constructed to minimize point load bearing locations d) the correct methods of slinging and handling
on the platform/vessel deck. containers;
e) the loads, stresses and strains affecting
A.8 Tie-down points containers when handled under adverse offshore
It is recommended that internal cargo tie-down conditions, particularly those affecting lifting
cleats or rings be provided. It is essential that these points;
are securely anchored and their rating should be f) methods of testing containers;
assessed in relation to the loads which may be g) defects likely to be found in containers and
imposed on them and stated by the manufacturer. permissible levels of wear, distortion and
deterioration in relation to safety in use;
A.9 Tugger points
h) the various methods of NDE and a good
A.9.1 The fitting of tugger points is at the discretion understanding of how they work and their
of the purchaser. The quantity required, location limitations;
and line of pull should be agreed prior to design.
i) the thorough visual examination as
A.9.2 Where fitted, tugger points should be recommended by this code and the signs of
skid-tested over an even concrete surface on a weakness and defects to look for;
sample basis of 1 in 10, under proof loaded
The competent person should be experienced in
conditions, i.e. under a test load of
the visual examination and testing of containers
(2 G) – T and in the application of the preferred methods
where of NDE.
G is the maximum gross weight (in t);
T is the tare weight (in t).

© BSI 12-1998 9
BS 7072:1989

B.3 Slings and shackles c) For upper terminals (links):


With respect to slings and shackles the competent 1) design requirements of BS 1290;
person should have as a minimum, a knowledge of 2) zones of maximum stress and stress raisers;
the following: 3) testing of upper terminals;
a) In general: 4) defects likely to be found in upper terminals
1) the legal requirements relating to lifting and permissible levels of wear, stretch and
gear; distortion in relation to safety in use.
2) the provisions of this BS Code for offshore d) For lower terminals (shackles):
containers, particularly with reference to 1) relevant standards i.e BS 3032, BS 3551,
slings and shackles; BS 6994 and RR-C 271C;
3) certification of slings and terminations;
Licensed Copy: hydrocarbon user ., Hydrocarbon Resources Ltd, 20 June 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

2) other types of lower terminations;


4) markings of slings and terminations; 3) zones of maximum stress and stress raisers;
5) methods of rating multileg slings; 4) testing of lower terminals;
6) correct use of slings and shackles; 5) defects likely to be found in lower terminals
7) the effects of angle of leg to the vertical and and permissible levels of wear and stretch and
tilt. distortion in relation to safety in use.
b) For wire rope:
1) measurement of size;
2) identification and properties of the various
types of lay;
3) methods of forming terminations and
related standards including BS 464 and
BS 5281;
4) testing of wire ropes and wire ropes with
terminations;
5) defects likely to be found in new slings and
slings in service together with permissible
levels of wear, stretch and deterioration in
relation to safety in use.

10 © BSI 12-1998
BS 7072:1989

Publications referred to

BS 464, Specification for thimbles for wire ropes.


BS 1290, Specification for wire rope slings and sling legs for general lifting purposes.
BS 1610, Materials testing machines and force verification equipment.
BS 1610-1, Specification for the grading of the forces applied by materials testing machines.
BS 3032, Specification for higher tensile steel shackles.
BS 3551, Specification for alloy steel shackles.
BS 3951, Freight containers.
BS 3951-2, Specification and testing of series 1 freight containers.
BS 3951-2.1, General cargo containers for general purposes.
BS 3951-2.2, Thermal containers.
Licensed Copy: hydrocarbon user ., Hydrocarbon Resources Ltd, 20 June 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BS 3951-2.3, Tank containers for liquids, gases and pressurized dry bulk.
BS 3951-2.4, Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk.
BS 3951-2.5, Platform and platform-based containers.
BS 4278, Specification for eyebolts for lifting purposes.
BS 4360, Specification for weldable structural steels.
BS 5281, Specification for ferrule-secured eye terminations for wire ropes.
BS 5750, Quality systems.
BS 6072, Method for magnetic particle flaw detection.
BS 6166, Lifting slings.
BS 6166-1, Methods of rating.
BS 6210, Code of practice for the safe use of wire rope slings for general lifting purposes.
BS 6994, Steel shackles for lifting and general engineering purposes: grade M(4).
RR-C 271C, US Federal Specification — “Chains and attachments, welded and weldless”.
The Offshore Installations (Operational Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1976 (SI 1976 No. 1019).
Freight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations, 1984 (SI 1984 No. 1890).
Diving Operations at Work Regulations 1981 (SI 1981 No. 399).
Oil and Gas (Enterprise) Act, 1982.

© BSI 12-1998
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