(EM 2) - Lab Manual 4th Sem

Experiment-1
LOAD TEST ON DC- SHUNT MOTOR
AIM: To study the performance characteristics of DC shunt motor by direct loading.
APPARATUS:
SL Name of the apparatus Range Qty

No.
1. PMMC Voltmeter 0-300V 1
2. PMMC Ammeter 0-20A 1
3. Tachometer 1
4. Rheostat 1
5. Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

SIR MVIT, BANGALORE Page 1
PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram.

2. Keep motor field rheostat in minimum position (cut-out) and belt is
loosened.
3. Close the supply mains and DPST.
4. Motor is started with the help of three-point starter i.e., by moving its
handle from OFF position to ON position.
5. Observe the speed of the motor with the help of tachometer, if the speed
is less than rated speed, then slightly vary field rheostat such that to
obtain rated speed.
6. Note down all meter readings which indicates No-Load readings.
7. Apply brake drum load in steps, corresponding to each step note down all
meter reading till 90% of the load current is achieved.
8. Reduce the load to minimum.
9. Motor is switched off by moving the three-pointer’s handle from ON
position to OFF position. Open DPST and switch off main supply.
10. Remove all wire connections.
TABULAR COULMN:
SL VL IL N F1 F2 F1-F2 O/P O/P η Torque

No. (volts) (Amps) (rpm) Kg Kg Kg HP Watt (efficiency) (N-m)

FORMULAE AND CALCULATIONS:
Radius of Brake Drum: R=
Torque T= (F1-F2)*R
Output of the motor in HP = 2πNT/4500
Output of the motor in Watts = (2πNT/4500)*745.5
Percentage of efficiency = [(2πNT/4500)*745.5] / VL IL
EXPECTED GRAPH:
RESULT:

Experiment-2
FIELD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR
AIM: To control the speed of a DC shunt motor by armature control and field
control.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

No.
2. PMMC Ammeter 0-2.5A 1
3. Tachometer 1
4. Rheostats 300ohm 1
100ohm 1
5. Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made according to circuit diagram. Keep rheostat in

maximum position.
2. Keep the load to be about 40% ON and remove fuse of load and short it with
thick wire.
3. Keep the brake load drum say 2kgs.
4. Close D.C Supply mains and DPST.
5. Vary rheostat, note down all meter readings and apply load till 90% of the
rated current is reached.
6. Reduce the load to 40% and then open DPST and switch of the mains.
7. Disconnect the connected wires.
8. Measure the armature resistance and series resistance by Ammeter-
Voltmeter method.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.No V1 V2 I1 Amp I2 Amp N rpm

Volt Volt
CALCULATIONS:
Input to the whole dg set = V1I1

Output of the whole dg set = V2I2
Total losses of the entire set w1 = V1I1 – V2I2
Armature and field copper losses of the set Wcu = (Ra – 2Rsc)I12 + I22Ra
Stray losses of the set W = W1 –Wcu
Stray losses per machine Ws =W/2 = (W 1 – Wcu)/2
Input−Losses
Motor efficiency = where 𝑊𝑚 = 𝑊𝑐𝑢 . 𝐼 2(𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 )
Input

EXPECTED GRAPH:
RESULTS:

Experiment-3
SPEED CONTROL OF A DC SHUNT MOTOR BY
ARMATURE CONTROL AND FIELD CONTROL
AIM: To control the speed of a DC shunt motor by armature control and field
control.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

No.
2. PMMC Ammeter 0-2.5A 1
3. Tachometer 1
4. Rheostats 300ohm 1
100ohm 1
5. Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
PROCEDURE FOR ARMATURE VOLTAGE CONTROL METHOD:
1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram. Motor

field rheostat and armature rheostat should be in the minimum and
maximum position respectively. The belt is loosened.
2. Close the supply mains and the DPST.
3. Motor is started with the help of the three point starter by moving its
4. Vary the field rheostat to set a specific field current, say 1A.
5. Vary the armature rheostat in steps and the corresponding speed and
meter readings are noted.
6. Move the three point starter from ON to OFF position. Repeat steps 1
to 4 for a new field current, say 0.9A and repeat steps 5 and 6.
7. After each iteration, to switch off the motor, the three point starter’s
handle is moved from ON to OFF position.
8. Open the DPST and switch off the mains.
9. Remove all the connected wires.
TABULATION:
QUANTITY FIELD CURRENT FIELD CURRENT

𝐼𝑓 Amp 𝐼𝑓 = 1.0A 𝐼𝑓 = 0.9A
Va Volt
N rpm
PROCEDURE FOR FIELD CONTROL METHOD:
1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram. Motor

field rheostat and armature rheostat should be in minimum and maximum
position respectively. The belt is loosened.
2. Close the supply mains and the DPST.
3. Motor is started with the help of the three point starter by moving its
handle from OFF to ON position.

4. Vary the armature rheostat to set the voltage across the armature to say
180V. Observe the speed of the motor using the tachometer and note it
down.
5. Vary the field rheostat in steps. Corresponding to each step, note down
the speed and meter readings until 110% of the rated speed is achieved.
6. Bring back the field rheostat to its original position. Vary the armature
rheostat to set the armature voltage to say 200V. Repeat step 5.
7. Bring back the field and armature rheostat to original position. Then, the
three point starter’s handle is moved from the ON to the OFF position.
Open the DPST and switch off the mains.
8. Remove all the connected wires.
TABULAR COLOUMN:
QUANTITY ARMATURE VOLTAGE ARMATURE VOLTAGE

Va Volts Va = 200V Va = 180V
𝐼𝑓 Amp
N rpm
EXPECTED GRAPH (ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD):

EXPECTED GRAPH (FIELD CONTROL METHOD):
RESULT:

Experiment-4
SWINBURNE’S TEST
AIM: To conduct the Swinburne’s test on the DC machine and determine its
efficiency as a motor and generator.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
Sl NO. NAME OF THE RANGE QTY

APPARATUS
1 PMMC Voltmeter 0-300V 2
2 PMMC Ammeter 0-2.5A 1
0-5A 1
3 Tachometer 1
4 Rheostats 300 ohm 1
5 Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

2. Keep motor’s Field rheostat in minimum position (cut –out) and belt is
loosened.
4. Motor is started by moving three point starter’s handle from OFF position
to ON position.
is less than rated speed, then slightly vary field rheostat such that to
obtain rated speed.
6. Note down all meter readings which indicates no-load readings.
7. To switch off the motor, move the three point starter’s handle from ON
position to OFF position. Open DPST and switch off the main supply.
8. Disconnect all wire connections.
TABULATION:
V Volt 𝐼0 Amp If Amp N rpm
CALCULATIONS :
Input to motor = VI0 Watt
Armature current = (I0 – If )
Armature copper loss = (I0 – If )2Ra
Constant loss Wk = VI0 - (I0 – If )2Ra
Efficiency as a motor :
If IL is the line current (IL = 16.8 A , as per name plate) and K is the fraction
of any load to full load.
Then
Input = V(KIL) where K = 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0

Armature copper loss Wcu = (kIL - If)2Ra
Total losses = Wk + Wcu
Efficiency = (input – losses )/ input
Efficiency is calculated for all values of K.
Efficiency as a generator :
If IL is the line current and K is the fraction of any load and V L is the load
voltage.
Then
Output = VL(KIL) where K = 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0
Armature copper loss Wcu = (kIL - If)2Ra
Total losses = Wk + Wcu
Efficiency = output / (output + losses )
Efficiency is calculated for all values of K.
EXPECTED GRAPH:
RESULT :

Experiment-5
RETARDATION TEST
AIM: To find the stray losses of the DC motor by conducting Retardation
Test.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S No. APPARATUS ‘S RANGE QUANTITY

NAME
2 Rheostats 0-300Ω 1
3 Stop Clock --- 1
4 Connecting Wires --- 20
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

PROCEDURE :

2. Motor field rheostat should be in minimum position and armature rheostat
should be in maximum position.
3. Close the D.C mains supply and DPST.
4. Now armature rheostat is varied from maximum position to minimum position
and observes the speed of the motor using tachometer. If the speed of the motor
is less than the rated speed then slightly vary the field rheostat to obtain the rated
speed.
5. When the motor is running at rated speed, open DPST keeping mains ON
(because field supply is not removed). With the help of stop watch, note down
the voltage and time (voltmeter is used to indicate speed because E α N) till
motor comes to halt.
6. By noting different amounts of voltage fall in different amounts of time, draw
the curve between time and speed.
7. Bring back the armature rheostat to maximum position and open the supply
mains.
8. Finally, disconnect all the connections.
TABULATION :
Sl no Voltage in volts Time in seconds
EXPECTED GRAPH :
For any point P which corresponds to normal speed, a tangent AB is drawn.
dN dE OB(in rpm)
= = (As E α N)
dt dt OA(in seconds)

CALCULATIONS :
Kinetic energy is used to meet the rotational losses i.e. friction, windage & iron
losses.
1
Kinetic energy of the armature, K.E = × I × Ѡ²
2
where, I = Moment of Inertia
Ѡ = Angular Velocity
Rotational Losses, W = Rate of loss of kinetic energy
1
𝑑(2 × I × Ѡ²) dѠ
 W =
𝑑𝑡
= IѠ×
dt
2𝜋𝑁
But Ѡ =
60
Therefore, the above equations can be written as follows :

dN
 W = 0.011 × I × N ×
dt
(Assume I = 100Kg/m³)
dE
 W = 0.011 × I × N ×
dt
(As E α N)
RESULT :

Experiment-6
HOPKINSONS TEST(BACK TO BACK TEST) OR
HEAT RUN TEST or REGENERATIVE TEST
AIM: To conduct the Hopkinson’s test and to predetermine the efficiency of
the motor or generator.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl. NAME OF APPARATUS RANGE QTY

No.
0-600V 1
2 PMMC Ammeter 0-20A 2
0-2.5A 1
3 Rheostat 400Ώ + 300 Ώ 2
4 SPST switch 1
5 Tachometer 1
6 Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram (a).

2. Keep motor field rheostat in minimum position(cut-out) and generator
field rheostat is in maximum position(cut-in) and switch s1 should be
open.
4. Motor is started with the help of three point starter i.e. by moving its
is less than the rated speed, then slightly vary field rheostat such that to
obtain rated speed.
6. Gradually generator side rheostat is varied till rated generator voltage is
build up across the generator terminals.
7. The voltmeter across the switch s1 is connected to check the polarity. If
the polarities are correct the two voltages will be opposing each other and
the voltmeter will read zero. If the voltmeter reads double the voltage the
polarities are wrong and it is dangerous if s1 is closed. Then the machine
must be stopped. The leads from the generator to motor must be
interchanged and above procedure is followed.
8. If the polarity is correct the voltmeter reads zero. Then s1 is closed.
9. By observing ammeter connected between MG set vary generator
rheostat to such that particular value say 4A or 8A. Note down all the
meter values.
10. Bring back generator rheostat such that ammeter between MG set
becomes zero.
11. To switch off the MG set move the handle of the three point starter from
ON position to OFF position.
12. Open DPST and switch off the supply mains.
13. Disconnect all connected wires.

TABULAR COLUMN:
Vm Im Imf Ig Igf N V
in volts in amps in amps in amps in amps in rpm across
local ckt
zero
CALCULATIONS:
Total power input to the motor=Vm(Im+Ig)
Output of generator=VmIg
Armature copper loss in generator=(Ig+Igf)2Ra
Armature copper loss in motor=(Im-Imf+Ig)2Ra
copper loss in field winding of generator=Vm*igf
copper loss in field winding of motor=Vm*Imf
total losses in generator and motor=power drawn from supply
=Vm Im
Total stray losses for both the machines Ws=(VmIm)-((Ig+Igf)2Ra+
(Im-Imf+Ig)2Ra+(Vm*igf)
+(Vm*Imf))
Stray losses for each machine=Ws/2
Total losses for motor=(Im-Imf+Ig)2Ra)+(Vm*Imf)+(Ws/2)
Total losses for generator=((Ig+Igf)2Ra)+(Vm*igf)+(Ws/2)

Efficiency:
Motor,
%efficiency=((Input-total losses)/(Input)
Generator,
%efficiency=(Output)/(output+total losses)
Calculation for Graph
Total power input to the motor=Vm K(Im+Ig)
Total losses for motor= k (Im-Imf+Ig)2Ra)+(Vm*Imf)+(Ws/2)
Input to generator = Output of generator + Total losses of generator
%efficiency=((Output)/(Input))x100
EXPECTED GRAPH:
RESULT:

Experiment No 7:
LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM: To study the performance characteristics of a three phase induction motor by direct
loading.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO APPARATUS RANGE QUANTITY TYPE
1. 3-phase Autotransformer 1
2. Ammeters 0-10 A 1 M.I.
3. Voltmeters 0-600V 1 M.I.
4. Watt meters UPF(10A,600V) 2
5 Load Brake drum
6. Tachometer
7. Connecting wires
Name Plate Details
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Procedure:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Three phase autotransformer and Belt load should be kept at minimum
position,
3. Switch on 3- phase supply and close TPST.
4. Auto –transformer is gradually increased till rated voltage of the
Induction Motor is obtained. If any of the wattmeter kicks back inter
change current coil or potential coil of the wattmeter (Note: Interchange
the current or voltage coil after bringing voltage to zero and switch off
the supply) and reading of that wattmeter should be noted as negative.
5. Note down all meter reading which indicates no load reading.
6. Apply the brake drum load in steps and corresponding all meter readings
and speed of the Induction motor is noted till rated current of machine is
reached.
7. Reduce the load to minimum and bring back the auto transformer to zero
position and open TPST and switch off the three phase supply.
8. Remove all connected wires.
Tabular Column:
RECORDED VALUES CALCULATED VALUES
Sl.No V I W1 W2 F1 F2 Speed `Torque % BHP Power Efficiency

Volt Amp Watts Watts Kg Kg rpm slip factor
Calculations:
Synchronous Speed Ns = 120f⁄P P = 4, f = 50Hz

Ns −N
%Slip =
Ns
Torque = (F1 − F2 ) ∗ R
Circumference 0.935m

R = Radius of the drum ( 0.149m )
Output to motor = W1 − W2
Output in HP = 2πNT⁄4500
∛(W1 − W2 )⁄
tan ∅ = (W1 + W2 )
Power factor = cos ∅

HP ∗ 735.5
Efficiency =
(W1 + W2 )
EXPECTED WAVE FORM:
Result:

Experiment No 8:
NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM: No load and blocked rotor test on three phase I.M to draw (i)equivalent circuit.
(ii). Circle diagram
Determination of performance parameters at different load conditions
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
4. Watt meters UPF(5A,600V), 2
5 Connecting wires LPF(10A,300V),
Name Plate Details
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM : For No load test

Procedure:
(a) No load test or O.C test

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With the auto transformer at the initial position, close the supply
switch. Apply rated voltage gradually by operating the auto
transformer
3. If any of the wattmeter kicks back inter change current coil or
potential coil of the wattmeter (Note: Interchange the current or
voltage coil after bringing voltage to zero and switch off the supply)
and reading of that wattmeter should be noted as negative.
4. Note down all meter reading.
(b) Short circuit test or Blocked rotor test :

1. Replace the LPF wattcmeters by UPF meters, the voltmeter by 0-150
V and ammeter by 0-10 A.
2. Close the supply switch with autotransformer in the initial position.
3. Hold the rotor firmly and increase the voltage gradually such that
rated current flows through the motor. Note down the readings of the
meters.
(c) Measurement of stator Resistance :

Measure the resistance of the stator per phase by Voltmeter and ammeter
method by using suitable d.c.supply
Tabular column:
Test Voltmeter Ammeter W 1 + W2
W1 W2
reading reading
No load Test Vo = Io = Wo =
Blocked rotor Vsc = Isc = Wsc =
Test
Resistance of stator per phase R1 = _________ohm.

Io = No load phase current
Iw = I0 cos ∅0 Im = I0 sin ∅0
rated voltage rated voltage
R0 = X0 =
Iw Im
Wsc per phase Vsc

R 01 = Z01 =
[Isc(ph) ]2 Isc
X01 = √Z01 2 − R 01 2
Ro = Xo = Ro1 = Xo1 =
Calculations of Circle diagram:
CosФo = Wo √3 Vo Io ; Фo =
CosФsc = Wsc √3 Vsc Isc ; Фsc =
Io (ph) = ----------- amps

ISN = (S.C. current with normal voltage) = ((Isc * V) / Vsc = -------------
ISN (phase) = ---------------
WSN = (power with normal voltage) = Wsc ( V / Vsc ) 2 = -------------
WSN (phase) = ---------------

Construction of the circle diagram:
Draw the co- ordinate axes. Y axis represents voltage. Set off Фo from y-
axis. Choose a current scale. Draw OO’ equal to Io (phase)to current scale.
Draw a line parallel to x-axis from O’, set off Фsc. Draw OA equal to ISN
(phase) to current scale. join O’A which is called the output line.
AB is the power with normal voltage per phase. From this calculate the power
scale
Stator copper loss = [ISN ( phase )]2 R1
Measure DE = Stator copper loss to power scale at stand still.
AE = Rotor copper loss per phase at stand still.
Draw the perpendicular bisector of O’A to cut the line drawn parallel to X-
axis from O’ at C. with C as center and Co’ as radius draw a circle which passes
through A. which is the required circle diagram.
Pre- determination of values at rated load:

Extend BA to A’ such that AA’ = rated output per phase. From A’ draw a
line parallel to output line to cut the circle at P. PQ perpendicular to X- axis.
OP = rated current
PQ = Input, PR = Output
Efficiency = PR PQ
Torque = PS * power scale in synchronous watts.
Slip = Cos Ф = OQ OP
Circle diagram:
Result:
Questions:
1. By conducting suitable experiments on the given 3 ph I.M, obtain its circle diagram.
Hence determine the following.
i) o/p efficiency at full load
ii) Pull out torque.
2. Conduct suitable experiment on the given 3 ph I.M. to pre-determine,
i) The ratio of maximum torque to F.L torque
ii) Starting torque
3. By conducting suitable experiments on the given 3 ph I.M, obtain its circle diagram.
Hence determine the following.
4. For a given 3- ph I.M. how do you obtain its equivalent circuit? Hence pre=
determine the o/p efficiency and torque when running at _________% slip.

Experiment No 9
INDUCTION GENERATOR CIRCUIT
AIM: To run the 3-phase induction motor as induction generator and study its performance
by loading it.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Rheostat 300 ohm 1
2. Ammeters 0-10 A,0-20A 1+1 M.I,M.C
3. Voltmeters 0-600V,0- 300V 1+1 .
4. Watt meters UPF(10A,0-600V), 2 M.I.
5. Connecting wires
Name Plate Details
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. The field rheostat of the D.C. machine is kept in cut- in position.
3. Close the supply switch. The 3- phase I.M> is started with the help of Y-▲
starter, which drives the dc machine.
4. Build up the voltage in the dc generator by cutting out field rheostat such
that its value is equal to busbar voltage. Check the polarities of the dc
generator as well as busbar.
5. Close switch S. Thus the busbar is parallel with dc generator. Note down the
readings of the meters.
6. Now decrease the dc excitation by which the dc machine runs as motor
above the synchronous speed of the I.M, which makes the I.M. run as
Induction generator.
7. For various speeds note down the meter readings.
8. The experiment is conducted until rated load is reached.
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No VL IL W1 W2 Vdc Idc N Calculated value

%n pf
Calculations:
Assume efficiency of dc motor as follows:
Between 80% -100% load current (Idc) 85%
60% - 80% load current (Idc) 75%
Output of Induction generator = W1 + W2
Input to I.G. input to dc motor * efficiency (n) = Vdc * Idc * n
Efficiency of I.G = (W1 +W2) / Input

tanФ = √3 (W1-W2) / (W1 +W2)
CosФ = --------------

Questions:
1. Run the given 3–phase I.M as an Induction generator to obtain the
following graphs.
i ) % Efficiency V/S speed ii) pf V/S speed
2. Run the given 3 phase I.M as an Induction generator and determine
experimentally the pf at which the generator works when it is running at a
slip of ______ %.

Experiment No 10:
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR .
AIM: To conduct load test on single phase induction motor to draw output versus torque,
current, power and efficiency characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
5 Connecting wires
6. Tachometer 1
Name Plate Details
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Procedure:

2. Auto transformer should be in minimum position, belt should be
loosened.
3. Close DPST switch on the supply mains.
4. Auto transformer is gradually increased up to rated voltage of Induction
motor.
5. Note down all meter readings which indicates No load readings.
6. Apply Brake drum load in step note down all meter readings and speed of
the motor till rated current of motor is achieved.
7. Reduce the load to minimum and autotransformer should be brought back
to minimum position.
Tabular column
Sl.No V I W1 F1 F2 Speed `Torque % BHP Power Efficiency
Volt Amp Watts Kg Kg Rpm slip factor
Calculations:
Ns −N
%Slip = Ns
Torque = (F1 − F2 ) ∗ R
R = Radius of the drum
Watts Input = W1 + W2
∛(W1 − W2 )⁄
tan ∅ = (W1 + W2 )

(Watts input)⁄
Power factor = cos ∅ = VI
HP ∗ 735.5 ∗ (2πNT⁄4500)
Efficiency = (W1+ W2 )
Expected Graph:
Result:
Questions:
1. Conduct load test on the given single phase I.M. to obtain the following graph
(i )% efficiency V/s BHP (ii) pf V/s BHP
2. By conducting a suitable experiment on the given single phase I.M. determine the
%efficiency, pf, and BHP when running at a slip of ---------percent.
3. Conduct a suitable experiment on the given single phase I.M. and hence determine
the %efficiency, pf, and % slip when delivering ---------percent of its rated output
4. Conduct a suitable experiment on the given single phase I.M. to obtain the
following graphs; (i )% slip V/s BHP (ii) Line current V/s BHP

Experiment No 11:
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR TO DRAW
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
AIM: conduct load test on single phase induction motor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
5 Connecting wires
6. Tachometer 1
Name Plate Details
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Procedure:

2. Auto transformer should be in minimum position, belt should be
loosened.
3. Close DPST switch on the supply mains.
4. Auto transformer is gradually increased up to rated voltage of Induction
motor.
5. Note down all meter readings which indicates No load readings.
6. Apply Brake drum load in step note down all meter readings and speed of
the motor till rated current of motor is achieved.
7. Reduce the load to minimum and autotransformer should be brought back
to minimum position.
Tabular column
Sl.No V I W1 F1 F2 Speed `Torque % BHP Power Efficiency

Volt Amp Watts Kg Kg Rpm slip factor
Calculations:
Ns −N
%Slip = Ns
Torque = (F1 − F2 ) ∗ R
R = Radius of the drum
Watts Input = W1 + W2

∛(W1 − W2 )⁄
tan ∅ = (W1 + W2 )
(Watts input)⁄
Power factor = cos ∅ = VI
HP ∗ 735.5 ∗ (2πNT⁄4500)
Efficiency = (W1+ W2 )
Experiment-12
“V” AND INVERTED “V” CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS
MACHINE
AIM: To study the performance of a synchronous motor for variation in its
excitation at constant output.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO. NAME OF APPARATUS RANGE QUANTITY
1. M.I. voltmeter 0-600 V 1

2. PMMC Ammeter 0-2 A 1
3. M.I. Ammeter 0-10 A 1
4. Tachometer 1
5. Rheostat 700 Ohm,2 A 1
6. UPF Watt meters 0-5 A,600 V 2
7. Connecting Wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:

1. Circuit connections are according to circuit diagram.
2. Keep the three phase auto-transformer in minimum position, excitation
rheostat in maximum position and the belt is loosened.
3. Close supply mains and TPST.
4. Vary three phase auto-transformer gradually to read rated voltage i.e. 400V.
5. Close DC supply mains and excitation DPST.
6. Vary field rheostat in steps and corresponding to each step, stator current and
wattmeter readings are noted.
7. The stator current is minimum at UPF.
8. Bring back the field rheostat to original position.
9. Open DPST and switch off DC mains.
10. Bring back the three phase auto-transformer to minimum position and open
TPST and switch of the mains.
11. Disconnect the connected wires.
TABULAR COLUMN :
S.NO. V1 Ia If W1 W2 W1+W2 COS ф

Volts Amp Amp Watt Watt Watt

CALCULATIONS:
Total input power Wi = W1+W2

𝑊𝑖
Power factor cos ф =
√3 V1.Ia
√3 (W1−W2)
Also, Tanф = (W1+W2)
RESULT:

Beyond Syllabus Experiment:
SEPERATION OF IRON LOSSES AND FRICTION-WINDAGE LOSSES
OF INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM: To separate iron losses and friction-windage losses occurring in an induction motor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
2. Ammeters ,0-5A 1 M.I.
4. Watt meters LPF(10A,0- 2
5 Connecting wires 75V/300V),
Name Plate Details
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PRINCIPLE:
In an induction motor, the flux and hence flux densities are dependent on
applied voltage. So the iron losses increase as square of the voltage. The no load
current increases as voltage is increased. The no load input power supplies the
stator copper losses, iron losses and friction windage losses. The friction
windage losses remain constant. Based on the above facts, from the
experiment, the iron losses and friction windage losses can be separated.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram keeping the auto
transformer in minimum position.
2. The motor is started using three phase auto transformer. Voltage must be
gradually applied in steps.
3. For each step note down the values of voltmeter, ammeter and Wattmeter
readings.
4. The maximum voltage may be about 5% higher than the rated voltage.
5. Gradually reduce the applied voltage and switch off the supply.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Stator resistance per phase R1=_______Ω
V I W1 W2 W=W1+W2 Pi+Pfr (Watts) 𝑽𝟐

( volts) (Amps) (watts) (watts) (watts) 𝑾’ = 𝑾 − (𝟑𝑰𝟐 𝑹𝟏)
EXPECTED GRAPH:
RESULTS:


(EM 2) - Lab Manual 4th Sem

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Experiment-1

LOAD TEST ON DC- SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To study the performance characteristics of DC shunt motor by direct loading.

SL Name of the apparatus Range Qty

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram.

SL VL IL N F1 F2 F1-F2 O/P O/P η Torque

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Radius of Brake Drum: R=

Output of the motor in HP = 2πNT/4500

Output of the motor in Watts = (2πNT/4500)*745.5

Percentage of efficiency = [(2πNT/4500)*745.5] / VL IL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Sl. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

1. Circuit connections are made according to circuit diagram. Keep rheostat in

Sl.No V1 V2 I1 Amp I2 Amp N rpm

Input to the whole dg set = V1I1

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Sl. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

PROCEDURE FOR ARMATURE VOLTAGE CONTROL METHOD:

1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram. Motor

QUANTITY FIELD CURRENT FIELD CURRENT

PROCEDURE FOR FIELD CONTROL METHOD:

1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram. Motor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

QUANTITY ARMATURE VOLTAGE ARMATURE VOLTAGE

EXPECTED GRAPH (ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD):

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Sl NO. NAME OF THE RANGE QTY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram.

V Volt 𝐼0 Amp If Amp N rpm

Input to motor = VI0 Watt

Armature current = (I0 – If )

Armature copper loss = (I0 – If )2Ra

Constant loss Wk = VI0 - (I0 – If )2Ra

Input = V(KIL) where K = 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Total losses = Wk + Wcu

Efficiency = (input – losses )/ input

Efficiency is calculated for all values of K.

Output = VL(KIL) where K = 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0

Armature copper loss Wcu = (kIL - If)2Ra

Total losses = Wk + Wcu

Efficiency = output / (output + losses )

Efficiency is calculated for all values of K.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

AIM: To find the stray losses of the DC motor by conducting Retardation

S No. APPARATUS ‘S RANGE QUANTITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram.

Sl no Voltage in volts Time in seconds

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Therefore, the above equations can be written as follows :

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

Sl. NAME OF APPARATUS RANGE QTY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.

1. Circuit connections are made according to the circuit diagram (a).

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.