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Boxing the Compass
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Boxing the compass was at one time a necessary sea-going skill. Back in Land Navigation? My
Land Navigation the day, mariners reckoned direction by points, not by degrees the way we 159-page, fully
Course often do now. Still, even today it's a good idea for any navigator--land or illustrated book is yours
marine--to have a basic understanding of the 32 points of the compass for the asking.
Surviving the Wilds rose.

LZ Bingo Weather Reports

Reading a Map
Recall, for example, some of the weather reports you may have heard--

A large tornado is located approximately five miles west-northwest of

Orange Springs, and is moving east-northeast toward San Mateo.
Topo Maps Residents in its path are advised to take cover immediately.

Contour Lines Hurricane Alice is centered approximately 166 nautical miles east-
southeast of Big Pine Key at 24 degrees North, 78 degrees West. Its current
Map Scale heading is west-northwest toward Big Pine Key. Residents are urged to
make preparations.
Terrain Features
As a navigator--a land navigator IS a navigator--you should probably
understand such terminology. So, just for the fun of it, let's get started
Terrain
boxing the compass.
Association
Get your own
We'll start with our four cardinal directions--north, east, south, and west.
Latitude and (Never Eat Soggy Wheaties.)
customized
Longitude topographical maps,
built according to your
UTM Grid specifications. 

MGRS

Plotting
Coordinates

Using a
Compass
Magnetic
Declination

How to Use a
Compass

How to Orient a
Map

Choosing the Best

Compass for You

Getting Around

Cardinal Directions - 4 points

Pathfinding
Now, let's add the four inter-cardinal directions--northeast, southeast,
Compass southwest, and northwest.
Navigation

Natural
Navigation

Celestial
Navigation

Stellarium

Electronic
Navigation

GPS
Inter-cardinal directions -- 8 points

Eight compass points will work for a lot of things--like navigating to a

Games People
prominent line feature, but still more precision is better. So, let's add some
Play
more points--

Orienteering

Base Camp

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Policy

16 Points of the Compass

Sixteen points might be adequate in many cases, but still the old mariners
wanted 32 points, so they added the "by points."

N by E S by W

NE by N SW by S

NE by E SW by W
E by N W by S

E by S W by N

SE by E NW by W

SE by S NW by N

S by E N by W

32 Points of the Compass

What's the Point?

Notice that it is 11.25 degrees from one point to the next. So, 32 points x
11.25 degrees per point = 360 degrees around the compass rose. 

If you're a boater, you may have wondered why your bow running lights, for
example, are required to shine, as follows--

Red port light -- from dead ahead to 112.5 degrees aft

Green starboard light--from dead ahead to 112.5 degrees aft

You may have wondered where they got that odd number of degrees.
Simple. Compass points. 112.5 degrees equals 10 points.

Stern lights must shine 67.5 degrees forward on each side. That's six
compass points on each side. Sometimes, they say the lights must shine
from "two points abaft the beam." Since the port beam is 270 degrees, and
the starboard beam is 90 degrees, the lights must shine from 247.5
degrees to 112.5 degrees. (Mariners consider the bow to be 000 degrees,
no matter where it's pointed.)

For more about marine nav lights, BoatUS explains it. 

All this stuff is actually pretty cool, and if you ever get into marine
navigation, if you haven't already, a lot of your land navigation knowledge
will transfer over.

If you need to improve your land navigation, this web site can help. 
Also, my online video course, takes you figuratively by the hand and leads
you step by step through the topic of land navigation.

Whether you're on land or at sea, the idea is to get from point A to point
B.

Mariners have different challenges than we do, so their nav system is

somewhat different, but fundamentally the same. Just like us, they still
need to get to point B. But instead of bushes and other obstacles, they
have currents and shoals and reefs to contend with.
 Mariners have different challenges, but the idea behind navigation--get
from here to there--is fundamentally the same, on land or at sea.

I don't know about you, but I'm glad we now mostly use the 360-degrees
method. Navigation is hard enough without having to stop to think about,
for example, which way is SW by W.

The days of "boxing the compass," that is reciting all the compass points
clockwise, then counterclockwise, are mercifully over. There still may be
some Coast Guard or Naval Academy cadets who must do this, but for the
most part, the system, according to my understanding is largely a holdover
from days gone by. Still, in some cases, the usage remains. As a navigator,
you'll at least want to have a working knowledge of compass points.

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